Coordinates: 51°35′04″N 0°29′56″W / 51.584569°N 0.498902°W / 51.584569; -0.498902

Denham Film Studios were a British film production studio operating from 1936 to 1952.

The studios were founded by Alexander Korda, on a 165 acre (668,000 m²) site near the village of Denham, Buckinghamshire. At the time it was the largest facility of its kind in the UK, but it was merged with Rank's Pinewood Studios, and closed in 1952.^{[citation needed]} Pinewood is just 4 miles south of Denham. The buildings were demolished in 1981 and the site re-landscaped. ^[1]

The studios were known by various names during their lifetime including London Film Studios, the home of Korda's London Films, and D&P Studios after the merger with Pinewood.^[2]

Some of the notable films made at Denham include, The Thief of Baghdad, 49th Parallel, Brief Encounter, Great Expectations, Hamlet. Bernard Miles said that "when the technicians, the electricians and carpenters and so on, on the floor, who had been watching a scene filmed, applauded, you knew it was good, because they'd seen the best." ^[3] Colin Sorensen, who as a schoolboy often used to watch the work going on at Denham recalled the sight " of the main studio buildings, a great mass of, probably asbestos, grey-green roofs" and the smell of " cellulose paint merged with newly cut soft wood." The proximity of Denham Airfield was sometimes problematic. Mary Morris remembered that an intimate scene with Leslie Howard, for Pimpernel Smith was " interrupted 22 times by aircraft noise." ^[4]

The J. Arthur Rank Company rented the facility to the United States Air Force from about 1955 until December 1961. In the 1960s and 70s Rank Xerox occupied the Art Deco office buildings and used most of the sound stages as warehouses.

The site was subsequently cleared and sited between the junction of the Rickmansworth Road (now the A412 North Orbital road) and Moor Hall Road towards Harefield, provided some employment. The site is now used as a business park (Broadwater Park), containing (amongst other companies) the UK Headquarters of the Robert Bosch Ltd, the UK subsidiary of the Robert Bosch GmbH Group, and the global headquarters of InterContinental Hotels Group.

Selected films[link]

Made on the site during construction:

• The Ghost Goes West (1935)
• Things to Come (1936)
• The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936)

The first film to be made at the studio proper was Southern Roses (1936). Others included:

• Knight Without Armour (1937)
• Rembrandt (1936)
• A Yank at Oxford (1937)
• South Riding (1938)
• The Citadel (1938)
• Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939)
• The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939)
• The Stars Look Down (1939)
• Q Planes (1939) - released in the US as Clouds Over Europe
• Thief of Bagdad (1940) - mainly made at Denham.
• Noël Coward's In Which We Serve (1942)
• Hatter's Castle (1942)
• The Gentle Sex (1943) - credits show D&P Studios.
• Powell & Pressburger's The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Canterbury Tale (1944), I Know Where I'm Going! (1945) and A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
• Laurence Olivier's Henry V (1944) and Hamlet (1948)
• Part of David Lean's Brief Encounter (1945).
• So Evil My Love (1948)

The last film to be made at Denham was Disney's The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (1952).

References[link]

External links[link]

• Screenonline: Denham Studios

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A movie studio (aka film studio or simply studio) is a term used to describe a major Entertainment Company or Motion Picture Company that has its own privately owned studio facility or facilities that are used to film movies, which is handled by the production company. The majority of companies in the entertainment industry have never owned their own studios, but have rented space from other companies.

There are also independently owned studio facilities, who have never produced a motion picture of their own because they are not Entertainment companies or Motion Picture companies; they are companies who sell only studio space.

Beginnings[link]

In 1893, Thomas Edison built the first movie studio in the United States when he constructed the Black Maria, a tarpaper-covered structure near his laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey, and asked circus, vaudeville, and dramatic actors to perform for the camera. He distributed these movies at vaudeville theaters, penny arcades, wax museums, and fairgrounds. Other studio operations followed in New Jersey, New York City, and Chicago.

In the early 1900s, companies started moving to Los Angeles, California. Although electric lights were by then widely available, none were yet powerful enough to adequately expose film; the best source of illumination for motion picture production was natural sunlight. Some movies were shot on the roofs of buildings in Downtown Los Angeles. Early movie producers also relocated to Southern California to escape Edison's Motion Picture Patents Company, which controlled almost all the patents relevant to movie production at the time.

The first movie studio in the Hollywood area was Nestor Studios, opened in 1911 by Al Christie for David Horsley. In the same year, another 15 independents settled in Hollywood. Other production companies eventually settled in the Los Angeles area in places such as Culver City, Burbank, and what would soon become known as Studio City in the San Fernando Valley.

The "majors"[link]

The Big 5
By the mid-1920s, the evolution of a handful of American production companies into wealthy motion picture industry conglomerates that owned their own studios, distribution divisions, and theaters, and contracted with performers and other filmmaking personnel, led to the sometimes confusing equation of "studio" with "production company" in industry slang. Five large companies, 20th Century Fox, RKO Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer came to be known as the "Big Five," the "majors," or "the Studios" in trade publications such as Variety, and their management structures and practices collectively came to be known as the "studio system."

The Little 3
Although they owned few or no theaters to guarantee sales of their films, Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and United Artists also fell under these rubrics, making a total of eight generally recognized "major studios". United Artists, although its controlling partners owned not one but two production studios during the Golden Age, had an often-tenuous hold on the title of "major" and operated mainly as a backer and distributor of independently produced films.

The minors[link]

Smaller studios operated simultaneously with "the majors." These included operations such as Republic Pictures, active from 1935, which produced films that occasionally matched the scale and ambition of the larger studio, and Monogram Pictures, which specialized in series and genre releases. Together with smaller outfits such as PRC TKO and Grand National, the minor studios filled the demand for B-movies and are sometimes collectively referred to as Poverty Row.

The independents[link]

The Big Five's ownership of movie theaters was eventually opposed by eight independent producers, including Samuel Goldwyn, David O. Selznick, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, and Walter Wanger. In 1948, the federal government won a case against Paramount in the Supreme Court, which ruled that the vertically integrated structure of the movie industry constituted an illegal monopoly. This decision, reached after twelve years of litigation, hastened the end of the studio system and Hollywood's "Golden Age".

Film to television[link]

Halfway through the 1950s, with television proving to be a lucrative enterprise not destined to disappear any time soon—as many in the film industry had once hoped—movie studios were increasingly being used to produce programming for the burgeoning medium. Some midsize film companies, such as Republic Pictures, eventually sold their studios to TV production concerns, which were eventually bought by larger studios, such as the American Broadcasting Company which was purchased by The Walt Disney Company in 1996.

Today[link]

With the growing diversification of studios into such fields as video games, television, theme parks, home video and publishing, they have become multi-national corporations. As the studios increased in size they began to rely on production companies, like J.J. Abrams' Bad Robot Productions, to handle many of the creative and physical production details of their feature films. Instead the studios transformed into financing and distribution entities for the films made by their affiliated production companies.

Due to rising real-estate and upkeep costs, as well as the decreasing cost of CG and visual effects, many studios sold large chunks of their once massive studio spaces or backlots to private real-estate developers. Century City in Los Angeles was once part of the 20th Century Fox backlot, which was amount the largest and most famous of the studio lots. In most cases portions of the backlots were retained and are available for rental by various film and television productions. Some studios offer tours of their backlots, while Universal Pictures allows visitors to its adjacent Universal Studios Hollywood theme park to take a tram tour of the backlot where films such as Psycho and Back to the Future were once shot.

Independent Film Movement and The Studios[link]

In the 1980s and 90s, as the cost of professional 16mm film equipment decreased, along with the emergence of non-film innovations such as S-VHS and Mini-DV cameras, many young filmmakers began to make films outside the "studio system". Filmmakers such as Kevin Smith, Steven Soderbergh, Quentin Tarantino and Richard Linklater made films that pushed boundaries in ways the studios were then reluctant to do. In response to these films, many distributed by "mini-studios" like Miramax, the "majors" created their own in-house mini-studios meant to focus on edgier "independent" content. Focus Features was created by Universal Pictures and Fox Searchlight was created by 20th Century Fox for this purpose.

Notable movie studios[link]

• 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (USA)
• Amblin Entertainment (USA & UK)
• Anchor Bay Entertainment (USA)
• Artisan Entertainment (USA)
• AB Svensk Filmindustri (Sweden)
• Annapurna Studios (Hyderabad, India)
• Atlas Studios (Morocco)
• Ardmore Studios (Ireland)
• AVM Productions (Chennai, India)
• Studio Babelsberg (Germany)
• Barrandov Studios (Czech Republic)
• Bavaria Film (Germany)
• Bigfoot Entertainment (USA,Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong)
• Biograph Studios (USA)
• Blue Sky Studios (USA)
• The Bridge Studios (British Columbia, Canada)
• CBS Films (USA)
• CBS Fox Video (USA & UK)
• Christie Film Company (USA)
• Ciby 2000 (Canada, Norway, UK)
• Cinema City International (Hong Kong)
• Cinergi Pictures (USA)
• Columbia Pictures (USA)
• Columbia TriStar Home Video (USA)
• Crystal Sky Pictures (USA)
• Dimension Films (USA)
• Disneynature (France)
• DreamWorks (USA)
• Edison Studios (USA)
• Edison's Black Maria (USA)
• Elstree Studios (UK)
• Eros Entertainment(India)
• Famous Players Film Company (USA)
• Full Moon Features (USA)
• Fireworks Entertainment (USA & Cuba)
• Five & Two Pictures (USA)
• Focus Features (USA)
• Fox Searchlight Pictures (USA)
• Fox Star Studios (India)
• Fox Video (USA)
• Gaumont Film Company (France)
• Gener8Xion Entertainment (USA)
• Genius Products (USA, Australia & UK)
• Globo Filmes (Brazil)
• Goldwyn Pictures (USA)
• GoodTimes Entertainment (USA)
• Gorky Film Studio (Russia)
• Grassroots Films (USA)
• Guild Home Video (USA & UK)
• Hengdian World Studios (China)
• Highdef Films (USA)
• Hollywood Pictures (USA)
• Jim Henson Home Entertainment (USA & UK)
• Kadokawa Pictures (Japan)
• Kanteerava Studios (Bangalore, (India)
• Kalem Company (USA)
• KDK Factory (USA)
• Keystone Studios (USA)
• Korda Studios (Hungary)
• Legendary Pictures (USA)
• Lenfilm (Russia)
• Lions Gate Entertainment (US, UK & Canada)
• Lubin Studios (USA)
• Lucasfilm (USA)
• Marwah Films & Video Studios (New Delhi, India)
• MediaPro Pictures (Romania)
• Méliès Films (France)
• Media Asia Entertainment Group (Hong Kong)
• Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (USA)
• Mirabilis Motion Pictures (USA)
• Miramax Films (USA)
• Moldova-Film (Moldova)
• Mosfilm (Soviet Union [now Russia)
• Mutual Film (USA)
• National Film Board of Canada (Canada)
• Shanghai Film Group Corporation (China)
• Nerigan Entertainment (New Zealand & Russia)
• Nestor Studios (USA)
• New Line Cinema (USA)
• New World Pictures (USA Cuba & UK)
• Nordisk Film (Denmark)
• Nu Boyana Film (Bulgaria)
• Orion Pictures (USA)
• Open Road Films (USA)
• Overture Films (USA)
• Padmalaya Studios (Hyderabad, India)
• Paramount Pictures (USA)
• Pathé (France)
• Pantelion Films (USA)
• Pinewood Studios (UK)
• Pixar Studios (USA)
• Possibility Pictures (USA)
• Premium Picture Productions (USA)
• Pure Flix Entertainment (USA)
• Ramanaidu Studios (Hyderabad, India)
• Ramoji Film City (Hyderabad, (India)
• Republic Pictures (UK)
• Revolution Studios (USA)
• Russian World Studios (Russia)
• Screen Gems (UK)
• Se-ma-for (Poland)
• Selig Polyscope Company (USA)
• Shaw Brothers Studio (Hong Kong, China)
• Shepperton Studios (UK)
• Sherwood Pictures (USA)
• Solax Studios (USA)
• Sony Pictures Entertainment (USA)
• Soyuzmultfilm (Russia)
• Spiderwood Studios (USA)
• Spyglass Entertainment (USA)
• Studio Babelsberg (Germany)
• StudioCanal (UK & Canada)
• Summit Entertainment (USA)
• Sverdlovsk Film Studio (Russia)
• Thanhouser Company (USA)
• The Studios At Las Colinas (USA)
• Three Mills Studios (UK)
• THX (USA Australia Brazil & UK)
• Toei (Japan)
• Toho (Japan)
• Touchstone Pictures (USA)
• Trak Home Video (UK)
• Triangle Film Corporation (USA)
• Tribune Entertainment (USA & Cuba)
• TriStar Pictures (USA & UK)
• Troublemaker Studios (USA)
• Twickenham Film Studios (UK)
• United Artists (USA UK Ohio & Cuba)
• Universal Studios (USA)
• USA Studios (USA)
• Victor Studios (USA)
• Village Roadshow Pictures (USA & UK)
• Vitagraph Studios (USA)
• Walt Disney Pictures (USA & UK)
• Warner Bros. (USA)
• Wimbledon Studios (UK)
• The Weinstein Company (USA)
• World Wide Pictures (USA)
• Village Roadshow (Australia)
• Vishesh Films (India)
• Yash Raj Films (India)
• KRU Studios (Malaysia)

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Movie studio

• Production company
• Major film studio
• Film producer
• Film release
• Film
• History of film
• List of cities containing film studios

Video and film[link]

2012 (film) 9 (2009 film) A (film) Actor (film) Agency (film) Bird (film)

James Lavelle (born 1974 in Oxford, United Kingdom) is a DJ, electronic recording artist and record label boss.

Early years[link]

Born into a family with a strong tradition of music, Lavelle first began by learning the cello with his grandmother in Oxford.

Music career[link]

While attending Cherwell Upper School, Lavelle's music career started at 15 when he ran block parties in Oxford. At only 18 he started the Mo' Wax label, taking the name from his club night at the time, Mo' Wax Please. Around the same time he started the That's How It Is night with Gilles Peterson, which went on to become one of London's longest running nights.

In 1996 Mo' Wax released one of electronic music's most celebrated albums, DJ Shadow's seminal Endtroducing...... Soon after this Lavelle started work on an album with DJ Shadow under the name UNKLE. The resulting release Psyence Fiction featured collaborations with Richard Ashcroft, Mike D, Badly Drawn Boy and Thom Yorke. In 2003, he released a follow-up to Psyence Fiction, titled Never, Never, Land, though this album saw DJ Shadow replaced by Richard File as the second full time member of UNKLE. It featured collaborations with 3D of Massive Attack and Josh Homme of Queens of the Stone Age among others.^[1]

He is a long time resident at Fabric in London, mixing the inaugural Fabric Live mix album.^[2] He has also mixed three DJ mix albums for Global Underground.

He has produced a number of film soundtracks, including Sexy Beast. Also an in demand remixer, he has reworked tracks by Garbage, The Verve, Beck and Massive Attack.^[3]

In an August 2006 interview with The Skinny, Lavelle revealed that he was working with Chris Goss and Autolux on the follow-up to Never, Never, Land, entitled War Stories. Of the album's direction, he said “It’s rawer than '‘Psyence Fiction’' and Never, Never, Land although it’s more in the vein of the traditional singer/songwriter. If the first record was UNKLE does hiphop and the second record was UNKLE does electronic, then this one is like UNKLE does rock, but it’ll hopefully still have its continuity.”^[4]

He has recently finished working alongside his brother Aidan Lavelle on the soundtrack for the movie of the popular sci-fi series The X Files.

Lupe Fiasco mentions Lavelle along with DJ Shadow in the single "Superstar."

In 2010, he released another UNKLE album called Where Did the Night Fall with numerous collaborators such as Gavin Clark and Mark Lanegan.

Selected discography[link]

UNKLE[link]

• Psyence Fiction (1998)
• Never, Never, Land (2003)
• Edit Music for a Film: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Reconstruction (2005)
• Self Defence: Never, Never, Land Reconstructed and Bonus Beats (2006)
• War Stories (2007)
• More Stories (2008)
• End Titles... Stories For Film (2008)
• Where Did the Night Fall (2010)

Mix albums[link]

• Cream Live Two - Disc 3 (1996)
• Tribal Gathering 96 - Disc 3 (1998)
• FabricLive.01 (2001)
• GU023 Global Underground, Barcelona (2002)
• Do Androids Dream of Electric Beats? (2003)
• Do Androids Dream of Essential Beats? (2003)
• WWIII - UNKLEsounds vs. U.N.K.L.E. (Bootleg) 2004)
• GU026 Global Underground, Romania (2004)
• Big Brother is Watching You (Bootleg of Do Androids Dream of Essential Beats) (2005)
• GU037 Global Underground, Bangkok (2009)

Quotes[link]

• "I became a DJ because I couldn't breakdance and I was no good at graffiti."
• "I'm into a whole concept, it's a whole scene. I'm totally involved in it. We cover hip-hop fused music. We want to do this rock hip-hop thing. We are gonna launch a mad hip-hop/thrash fused band, a young Beastie Boys kind of thing. I'm into the total energy of the Beasties and that whole kind of skate thing. I want that energy and total madness surrounding the whole idea."
• On Mo' Wax: "We put out 200 records in 4 or 5 years, I don’t think I’d ever be able to do that again. I don’t think I could ever work like that again, it was just insane."^[5]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Inspiring interview about James Lavelle's creative journey by SUBvert magazine
• James Lavelle discography at MusicBrainz

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (June 2009)

Cornel Lucas (born 12 September 1920 in Highbury, London) is a British photographer.

He is the first photographer to win BAFTA in 1998 for Services to British Film Industry.

Married in 1954 to Belinda Lee, then to actress Susan Travers in 1959.

Cornel Lucas has published two books of his work, "Heads and Tales" and "Shooting Stars".

Exhibited internationally. Permanent collection at National Portrait Gallery (London), National Media Museum and London's Photographers' Gallery

Cornel Lucas photographed many movies stars in the late forties and fifties including David Niven, Gregory Peck, Joan Collins, Brigitte Bardot, Diana Dors (in a gondola in Venice). He was in charge of the photographic studios set up by The Rank Organisation.

External links[link]

• Cornel Lucas official website
• Facebook Cornel Lucas Fan Page