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- Jean Berger
- Jimmy Carter
- Joachim Hoffmann
- Joaquín Balaguer
- Joe Strummer
- John Allen Muhammad
- John Cocke
- John Entwistle
- John Eriksen
- John Frankenheimer
- John Gorton
- John Gotti
- John Rawls
- John Walker Lindh
- Jonas Savimbi
- Joseph Bonanno
- Joseph Luns
- Katy Jurado
- Kevin Warwick
- Kim Hunter
- Koichi Tanaka
- Kurt Wüthrich
- Károly Doncsecz
- Laurent Lafforgue
- Layne Staley
- Lee Boyd Malvo
- Leo Ornstein
- Leopold Vietoris
- Linda Lovelace
- Lionel Hampton
- Lisa Lopes
- Lou Thesz
- Mamo Wolde
- Mark Shuttleworth
- María Félix
- Masatoshi Koshiba
- Max Perutz
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- Mayo Kaan
- Merlin Santana
- Milton Berle
- Myra Hindley
- Ne Win
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- Ray Conniff
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- Riccardo Giacconi
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- Rod Steiger
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- Yucca Mountain
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The year is 2002
I'm doing exactly what I wanted to
Baby I don't even think about you anymore
Just thought I?d drop you a line
To let you know I was doing fine
'Cause baby it's been a long, long time
Since you walked out my door
It took me some time I must confess
For a while there I was feeling less than my best
Had get out of town so I headed out west
Ended up in Seattle
I thought I?d start a brand new band
Thought I might call it Lonelyland
Things got a little out of hand
Ended up hooked on heroin
So ended up moving back over to Germany
Living with the folks baggin' grocery
The time I had was mostly free
I spent most of it drinking
I got myself in a jam or two
Guess it's what I had to do
Late at night I?d still thinkin' you
Felt like I was drowning
I met this girl at a discotheque
She is a dancer, baby, but not what you'd expect
She taught ballet
And she was half-Czech, half Chinese
But after she decided not to have the baby
Said she might move back to the Mainland maybe
But then I didn't really care
I was half drunk, half crazy
Got arrested, but never convicted
Parents eventually had me evicted
Tried your number, it been disconnected
Guess I should've known
Heard you got married and you moved away
Called your folks but where they wouldn't say
Said it's probably better that way
So I just let it be
Moved back to Austin 'bout a year ago
Drive a school bus I don't drink no more
Go out every once in a while and see show
But mostly I just watch TV
So I don't know where I?m gonna send this letter
I doubt things are ever going to get much better
Seems like life's one big whatever
Anyway
Just thought I?d drop you a line
Lie and say I was doing fine
'Cause baby it's been a long, long time
Eine, dem Untergang geweihte
Insel gibt mich frei
Ich war der einzig hier Gefangene
Sie jagt mich fort ?
Sie wird das Ende nicht mit mir teilen an diesem Ort
An dem als Abenteurer ich strandete
Ein Schiff reißt mich eilig von ihr los
Dem Meer sinkt sie schlafend in den Schoß
Das, was ich war
So lang' als Sklave ich ihr diente
War es klar stets ein Schwert
Wonach ich trachtete
Was für ein Fluch
? Ich tötete wonach ich noch immer such'
Es war die Liebe die ich schlachtete
Dem Meer sinkt sie sterbend in den Schoß
Allein die Freiheit bringt mir keinen Trost
Einsam zurück
Lässt sie mich ohne auch nur einen Funken Glück
Dieser Aufbruch ist mein Abschiedslied
Ein Schiff reißt mich eilig von ihr los
Dem Meer sinkt sie schlafend in den Schoß
Never worked sad and slow,
Should have been that long ago,
I've been giving it,
Everything I've got.
We don't talk about it much,
It's still too difficult to touch,
Look me in the eye,
And say it's not.
Well I want some answers,
And I want to blame,
Cause the streets around my house,
They're just not the same.
And you, I promised in two thousand two,
That I'd give this off to you.
They say time, it heals things,
It hasn't yet and it still stings,
We're all wondering,
Where the hell you went.
Keeping my sunglasses on,
I'm tired of being asked what's wrong,
Learned the hard way,
About the permanent.
Well it's way too often,
We still break down,
From chasing your ghost,
All over town.
You, I promised in two thousand two,
That I'd give this off to you,
I promised in two thousand two,
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Forever My Love
- Flight of the Swan
- Beauty and Grace
- Challenge From Heaven
- A Choice From the Heart
- Cycle of Time
- A Divine Encounter
- Destinies
- Enduring Love
- Time Stands Still
- Where the Stars and Moon Play
- When I See You Again
- Deep Still Blue
- An Ocean Apart
- Sarah's Rainbow
- Little Angel
- Setting Sail
- Summer's End
- Sweet Dreams
- The Voyage Home
- Inner Light
- Another Answer Came
- Remember Now
- The Emerald Way
- Overheard in a Dream
- Soul Doors
- Unopened Flower
- Timeless
- Traveler Winds
- Secret Shores
- Suddenly Yours
- Sunny Day
- Morning of Light
- Even Now
- Life Is
- Moment of Love
- Romancing the Moon
- A Gate of Dreams
- Children in June
- Bliss
- Dreaming of You
- Stardust
- City of Peace
- Lovers' Bridge
- Summer of 300 Years
- Lady of the Moon
- The Sea at Night
- Stella Maris
- Kindred Spirit
- To Touch the Sky
- The Calling
- The Ocean Dreams
- Full Circle
- The Ocean Dreams
- The Sound of Still Water
- The Sea at Night
- Valley of Healing Waters
- The River's Journey
- Oceans of Life
- Well of Wisdom
- Lady of the Moon
- Nautilus
- Heart of the Nile
- River of Stars
- Elysian Fields
- Stella Maris
- First Daughter of the Moon
- Starwalkers
- Heaven and Earth
- Lovers' Bridge
- The Dreaming Tree
- Tanabata Moon
- Rays of Light
- Once in Ancient Greece
- A Year and a Day
- The Sands of Crete
- Icarus
- Athens Memories
- The Tower of Minos
- Wings
- Feathers
- Temple of Apollo
- In the Time of Legend
- Savitri-Child of the Sun
- The Quest
- Satyavan
- One
- Descent Into Darkness
- The Year
- The Forest
- A Voice in the Night
- A Dream Twilight
- The Eternal Day
- Return to Earth
- Summer of 300 Years
- Sea of Dreams
- Land of Forever
- Realms of Splendor
- The Calling
- Dance with a Princess
- Feast of Immortals
- Falling Through Time
- Heavenly Cities
- Oceansky
- To Touch the Sky
- Chrysalis
- A Gift of Life
- Greater Than the Sum
- Spinning the Silk
- Journey Within
- Dream Come True
- Healing Rain
- Cocoon
- Magic Flower
- Return to Freedom
- Memory of the Sky
- Lady of the Lake
- Higher Destination
- Athena
- Firebird
- Breathing Light
- Stillpoint
- Sunlight through a Feather
- The End Is a Beginning
- Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
- In the Bleak Midwinter
- Carol of the Bells
- The First Noel
- O Little Town of Bethlehem
- It Came Upon a Midnight Clear
- What Child Is This
- Away in a Manger
- Silent Night
- O Come All Ye Faithful
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The 30 best songs of 2002
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 28 Mar 2011
the updated version including 85 songs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4EXnS9yUMg
http://wn.com/The_30_best_songs_of_2002
the updated version including 85 songs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4EXnS9yUMg
張家輝 | 馮德倫 - 賭俠2002 (2002)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:05
- Updated: 11 May 2011
李加乘自三歲雙親死去後，就開始黑過「墨斗」，人稱他「地獄黑仔王」。由於他永遠找不到工作，就算找到每份工到做不過三日，被迫寄居在大伯父家。過時過節更慘，所有對他好或他關心的人都會被其黑氣所累。麥兜大師請加乘工作，亦遭逢劫禍。後因一次意外，他墮樓受傷，壓傷樓下圍觀的何紅申，一齊被送往醫院。在醫院亦無人理會，幸得清秀可人的女護士夏天悉心照顧，乘對夏天產生好感，另與申成為患難好友。 乘鼓起勇氣與夏天約會，但處處碰壁。在送夏天回家時，更被花盆跌下撲暈。乘在夏天家包紮時認識其盲母親及夏天哥哥春天。原來春天乃著名黑市波馬大亨「春天哥」，剛贏得慈善賭王大賽，並有「賭俠」之稱。 四人打牌消閒，春天發現乘黑仔之特性，帶乘往澳門與對頭人大口九之賭廳賭錢，借乘之「黑仔」指示作明燈，逢賭必勝，贏得大錢，令大口九極為氣憤。乘亦頓成為「地獄黑仔王」，安排何紅申做其跟班，雖然繼續黑仔，但已經身光頸靚，不可一世。 夏天因乘加入黑社會，以賭為生，要與乘分手。幸得麥兜大師指乘之黑氣可能因其祖先山墳有關，乘決定回上水祖墳看個究竟。原來乘之祖墳被公廁霸佔，風水極差，乘等人決定請春天幫助，重建祖墳‥‥‥
http://wn.com/張家輝_|_馮德倫_賭俠2002_2002
李加乘自三歲雙親死去後，就開始黑過「墨斗」，人稱他「地獄黑仔王」。由於他永遠找不到工作，就算找到每份工到做不過三日，被迫寄居在大伯父家。過時過節更慘，所有對他好或他關心的人都會被其黑氣所累。麥兜大師請加乘工作，亦遭逢劫禍。後因一次意外，他墮樓受傷，壓傷樓下圍觀的何紅申，一齊被送往醫院。在醫院亦無人理會，幸得清秀可人的女護士夏天悉心照顧，乘對夏天產生好感，另與申成為患難好友。 乘鼓起勇氣與夏天約會，但處處碰壁。在送夏天回家時，更被花盆跌下撲暈。乘在夏天家包紮時認識其盲母親及夏天哥哥春天。原來春天乃著名黑市波馬大亨「春天哥」，剛贏得慈善賭王大賽，並有「賭俠」之稱。 四人打牌消閒，春天發現乘黑仔之特性，帶乘往澳門與對頭人大口九之賭廳賭錢，借乘之「黑仔」指示作明燈，逢賭必勝，贏得大錢，令大口九極為氣憤。乘亦頓成為「地獄黑仔王」，安排何紅申做其跟班，雖然繼續黑仔，但已經身光頸靚，不可一世。 夏天因乘加入黑社會，以賭為生，要與乘分手。幸得麥兜大師指乘之黑氣可能因其祖先山墳有關，乘決定回上水祖墳看個究竟。原來乘之祖墳被公廁霸佔，風水極差，乘等人決定請春天幫助，重建祖墳‥‥‥
- published: 11 May 2011
- views: 917719
Mario - Just A Friend 2002
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 25 Oct 2009
Music video by Mario performing Just A Friend 2002. (C) 2002 J Records LLC
http://wn.com/Mario_Just_A_Friend_2002
Music video by Mario performing Just A Friend 2002. (C) 2002 J Records LLC
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 6485716
America's Game 2002 Bucs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 45:03
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/America's_Game_2002_Bucs
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 13902
Explosive Demolition- 2002 Best Building Implosions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 29 May 2009
Video from Jan 2003 Int'l Society of Explosive Engineers (ISEE) conference in Las Vegas. It is one of four such "year end highlight videos" produced by Protec/Implosionworld for the annual conference between 1999 & 2003. Approximately 70 implosions from 2002 are seen through our photographer's unique persective... which sometimes involved losing a few cameras.
Unfortunately the ISEE eventually alienated the structural blasting component of the society, so these highlight videos were discontinued. Implosionworld's footage is now mostly seen on Discovery Channel and Nat Geo documentaries, etc.
NOTE: 9/11 conspiracy folks & politicos save your time, this is not your forum. All 'truther' comments will be removed & accts blocked. Just enjoy the video....
.
.
http://wn.com/Explosive_Demolition_2002_Best_Building_Implosions
Video from Jan 2003 Int'l Society of Explosive Engineers (ISEE) conference in Las Vegas. It is one of four such "year end highlight videos" produced by Protec/Implosionworld for the annual conference between 1999 & 2003. Approximately 70 implosions from 2002 are seen through our photographer's unique persective... which sometimes involved losing a few cameras.
Unfortunately the ISEE eventually alienated the structural blasting component of the society, so these highlight videos were discontinued. Implosionworld's footage is now mostly seen on Discovery Channel and Nat Geo documentaries, etc.
NOTE: 9/11 conspiracy folks & politicos save your time, this is not your forum. All 'truther' comments will be removed & accts blocked. Just enjoy the video....
.
.
- published: 29 May 2009
- views: 759261
Ron Paul's 2002 Predictions All Come True - Incredible Video!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 03 Jan 2012
This video was made by CollectiveCheckup at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGDisyWkIBM&feature;=player_embedded and ripped to add CC.
This video is a famous Ron Paul speech from April 24, 2002 where he makes a series of predictions, and it is juxtaposed with actual news headlines from years later that confirm his predictions all came true.
http://wn.com/Ron_Paul's_2002_Predictions_All_Come_True_Incredible_Video!
This video was made by CollectiveCheckup at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGDisyWkIBM&feature;=player_embedded and ripped to add CC.
This video is a famous Ron Paul speech from April 24, 2002 where he makes a series of predictions, and it is juxtaposed with actual news headlines from years later that confirm his predictions all came true.
- published: 03 Jan 2012
- views: 308907
Copa do Mundo 2002 - quartas de final - Brasil 2 x 1 Inglaterra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:59
- Updated: 01 Jun 2010
[please rate and comment] - melhores momentos do grande jogo da Seleção Brasileira no Torneio, vitória de virada em cima dos Ingleses pelas quartas de final da Copa 2002. Gol antológico de Ronaldinho Gaúcho, minutos antes do mesmo ser expulso de campo por falta violenta.
Edição: Daniel Souza / Narração: Galvão Bueno / Fonte: Rede Globo / Todos os direitos reservados a seus detentores.
http://wn.com/Copa_do_Mundo_2002_quartas_de_final_Brasil_2_x_1_Inglaterra
[please rate and comment] - melhores momentos do grande jogo da Seleção Brasileira no Torneio, vitória de virada em cima dos Ingleses pelas quartas de final da Copa 2002. Gol antológico de Ronaldinho Gaúcho, minutos antes do mesmo ser expulso de campo por falta violenta.
Edição: Daniel Souza / Narração: Galvão Bueno / Fonte: Rede Globo / Todos os direitos reservados a seus detentores.
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 601369
Scandal of World Cup 2002 - South Korea vs Portugal , Italy , Spain & Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:16
- Updated: 08 Apr 2012
World Cup 2002 - South Korea vs Portugal , Italy , Spain & Germany
Just NO COMENT
Like - Subscribe :)
http://wn.com/Scandal_of_World_Cup_2002_South_Korea_vs_Portugal_,_Italy_,_Spain_Germany
World Cup 2002 - South Korea vs Portugal , Italy , Spain & Germany
Just NO COMENT
Like - Subscribe :)
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 1422663
Norah Jones - Come Away with Me (2002) Debut Album Full
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:38
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
https://www.facebook.com/KritikospaMusicChannel
Norah Jones - Come Away with Me (2002)
Re Uploading November 12, 2012
Track Listing
01 00:00 "Don't Know Why"
02 03:04 "Seven Years"
03 05:28 "Cold Cold Heart"
04 09:03 "Feelin' the Same Way"
05 11:59 "Come Away with Me"
06 15:16 "Shoot the Moon"
07 19:09 "Turn Me On"
08 21:42 "Lonestar"
09 24:47 "I've Got to See You Again"
10 28:57 "Painter Song"
11 31:37 "One Flight Down"
12 34:38 "Nightingale"
13 38:48 "The Long Day Is Over"
14 41:30 "The Nearness of You"
kritikospa Facebook Page
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=621949231154243&set;=a.621178491231317.1073741825.527674377248396&type;=3&theater;
All Music Review (Rating: 4/5, Album Pick)
http://allmusic.com/album/come-away-with-me-r571156
Wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me
RateYourMusic (Rating: 3.45/5)
http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/norah_jones/come_away_with_me/
http://wn.com/Norah_Jones_Come_Away_with_Me_2002_Debut_Album_Full
https://www.facebook.com/KritikospaMusicChannel
Norah Jones - Come Away with Me (2002)
Re Uploading November 12, 2012
Track Listing
01 00:00 "Don't Know Why"
02 03:04 "Seven Years"
03 05:28 "Cold Cold Heart"
04 09:03 "Feelin' the Same Way"
05 11:59 "Come Away with Me"
06 15:16 "Shoot the Moon"
07 19:09 "Turn Me On"
08 21:42 "Lonestar"
09 24:47 "I've Got to See You Again"
10 28:57 "Painter Song"
11 31:37 "One Flight Down"
12 34:38 "Nightingale"
13 38:48 "The Long Day Is Over"
14 41:30 "The Nearness of You"
kritikospa Facebook Page
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=621949231154243&set;=a.621178491231317.1073741825.527674377248396&type;=3&theater;
All Music Review (Rating: 4/5, Album Pick)
http://allmusic.com/album/come-away-with-me-r571156
Wiki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Away_with_Me
RateYourMusic (Rating: 3.45/5)
http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/norah_jones/come_away_with_me/
- published: 12 Nov 2012
- views: 1069800
Germany Vs Brazil (HD)- 30/6/2002 Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 102:37
- Updated: 19 May 2011
2002 FIFA World full http://2002fifaworldcup.blogspot.com/
http://wn.com/Germany_Vs_Brazil_HD_30_6_2002_Final
2002 FIFA World full http://2002fifaworldcup.blogspot.com/
- published: 19 May 2011
- views: 606879
Rednex - Cotton Eye Joe 2002 high quality
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 04 May 2008
www.hao.ru presents
Rednex - Cotton Eye Joe - 2002 high quality rip
http://wn.com/Rednex_Cotton_Eye_Joe_2002_high_quality
www.hao.ru presents
Rednex - Cotton Eye Joe - 2002 high quality rip
- published: 04 May 2008
- views: 14852036
Vangelis - Anthem Fifa World Cup 2002
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 19 Dec 2007
hino oficial da copa 2002
http://wn.com/Vangelis_Anthem_Fifa_World_Cup_2002
hino oficial da copa 2002
- published: 19 Dec 2007
- views: 1084394
USA vs. Germany 2002 World Cup Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:29
- Updated: 11 Apr 2008
The United States plays Germany in the quarterfinals of the 2002 World Cup. From the documentary "Our Way"
http://wn.com/USA_vs_Germany_2002_World_Cup_Highlights
The United States plays Germany in the quarterfinals of the 2002 World Cup. From the documentary "Our Way"
- published: 11 Apr 2008
- views: 262620
Vierschanzentournee, Bischofshofen 6.01.2002 (Malysz ,Hautamaeki,Kranjec,Hannawald) - Tom Bartels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Vierschanzentournee,_Bischofshofen_6012002_Malysz_,Hautamaeki,Kranjec,Hannawald_Tom_Bartels
- published: 31 Dec 2012
- views: 3829
U2 at XXXVI Superbowl 2002 (Full halftime show)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:13
- Updated: 21 Jan 2011
U2 at XXXVI Superbowl 2002 (Full halftime show)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Louisiana Superdome - New Orleans
February 3, 2002
Beautiful day
MLK
Where the streets have no name
http://wn.com/U2_at_XXXVI_Superbowl_2002_Full_halftime_show
U2 at XXXVI Superbowl 2002 (Full halftime show)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Louisiana Superdome - New Orleans
February 3, 2002
Beautiful day
MLK
Where the streets have no name
- published: 21 Jan 2011
- views: 426480
David Bowie Berlin 2002..
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 67:07
- Updated: 20 Apr 2012
David Bowie
Date: 22nd September 2002
Venue: Max Schmeling Halle, Berlin, Germany
Broadcast: SAT1, Astra 9th February 2003.
1. Cactus
2. Slip Away
3. I'm Afraid Of Americans
4. 5:15 The Angels Have Gone
5. I've Been Waiting For You
6. Heroes
7. Heathen (The Rays)
8. Rebel Rebel
9. Survive
10. Alabama Song
11. Afraid
12. Everyone Says Hi
13. Hello Spaceboy
http://wn.com/David_Bowie_Berlin_2002
David Bowie
Date: 22nd September 2002
Venue: Max Schmeling Halle, Berlin, Germany
Broadcast: SAT1, Astra 9th February 2003.
1. Cactus
2. Slip Away
3. I'm Afraid Of Americans
4. 5:15 The Angels Have Gone
5. I've Been Waiting For You
6. Heroes
7. Heathen (The Rays)
8. Rebel Rebel
9. Survive
10. Alabama Song
11. Afraid
12. Everyone Says Hi
13. Hello Spaceboy
- published: 20 Apr 2012
- views: 87699
NFL 2002 SUPER BOWL XXXVII BUCCANEERS VS RAIDERS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:26
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Tampa bay buccaneers SUPER BOWL XXXVII CHAMPIONS 2002 (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
http://wn.com/NFL_2002_SUPER_BOWL_XXXVII_BUCCANEERS_VS_RAIDERS
Tampa bay buccaneers SUPER BOWL XXXVII CHAMPIONS 2002 (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 5068
Wwe Royal Rumble 2002 Match Full
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:57
- Updated: 04 Aug 2012
All Rights Go To Wwe
http://wn.com/Wwe_Royal_Rumble_2002_Match_Full
All Rights Go To Wwe
- published: 04 Aug 2012
- views: 991343
Eurovision 2002 - Marie N - I wanna
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 15 Sep 2008
Eurovision 2002 - Marie N - I wanna
http://wn.com/Eurovision_2002_Marie_N_I_wanna
Eurovision 2002 - Marie N - I wanna
- published: 15 Sep 2008
- views: 120688
Ronaldinho free kick vs. England World Cup 2002
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 19 Nov 2005
free kick from more than 35m out! insane!
http://wn.com/Ronaldinho_free_kick_vs_England_World_Cup_2002
free kick from more than 35m out! insane!
- published: 19 Nov 2005
- views: 4047909
MLS Cup 2002 - LA Galaxy vs New England Revolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:10
- Updated: 15 Mar 2009
MLS Cup 2002
http://wn.com/MLS_Cup_2002_LA_Galaxy_vs_New_England_Revolution
MLS Cup 2002
- published: 15 Mar 2009
- views: 20628
Jason Richardson - 2002 NBA Slam Dunk Contest
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:03
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
First Dunk (Score: 48) - 0:00
Second Dunk (Score: 31) - 1:09
Third Dunk (Score: 50) - 2:07
Fourth Dunk (Score: 36) - 5:10
Fifth Dunk (Score: 49) - 7:17
February 9, 2002 - Golden State Warriors guard defeated Sacramento Kings forward Gerald Wallace to win his first NBA Slam Dunk contest trophy.
http://wn.com/Jason_Richardson_2002_NBA_Slam_Dunk_Contest
First Dunk (Score: 48) - 0:00
Second Dunk (Score: 31) - 1:09
Third Dunk (Score: 50) - 2:07
Fourth Dunk (Score: 36) - 5:10
Fifth Dunk (Score: 49) - 7:17
February 9, 2002 - Golden State Warriors guard defeated Sacramento Kings forward Gerald Wallace to win his first NBA Slam Dunk contest trophy.
- published: 24 Nov 2012
- views: 59448
Highlights of The 2002 Oakland Raiders.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 77:45
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
NOTE: I don't own or claim to own the copyright(s) associated with this video; absolutely NO copyright infringement is intended!
Classic Raiders highilghts from the 2002 season. Their Super Bowl season & Rich Gannon's MVP Season..
http://wn.com/Highlights_of_The_2002_Oakland_Raiders
NOTE: I don't own or claim to own the copyright(s) associated with this video; absolutely NO copyright infringement is intended!
Classic Raiders highilghts from the 2002 season. Their Super Bowl season & Rich Gannon's MVP Season..
- published: 31 Jan 2013
- views: 1681
photo: AP / Post Courier
30 Mar 2013
A woman is beaten, tortured and set on fire in a public square, in Papua New Guinea , on Feb. 7, 2013. The woman is accused of being a witch by an angry mob, who bound, tortured and set her ablaze in view of hundreds of horrified spectators, a number of them were children. The woman's murder was photographed by some of the bystanders ... Woman burned alive ... Woman accused of witchcraft is burned alive in public flogging. Photo credit. ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Jon Chol Jin
31 Mar 2013
North Korea has pledged to strengthen its nuclear weapons programme, a day after announcing it is in a "state of war" with South Korea, as the region remains tense amid a military build-up by both North and South Korea ... The nuclear armed forces "should be expanded and beefed up qualitatively and quantitatively until the denuclearisation of the world is realised", it added ... Featured on Al Jazeera ... Hijacking feminism ... In This Room ... News ... ....(size: 8.1Kb)
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
30 Mar 2013
SEOUL . North Korea on Saturday declared it was in a “state of war” with South Korea and warned Seoul and Washington that any provocation would swiftly escalate into an all-out nuclear conflict. The United States said it took the announcement “seriously”, but noted it followed a familiar pattern, while South Korea largely dismissed it as an old threat dressed in new clothing ... - AFP. ....(size: 4.4Kb)
The State
01 Apr 2013
Studies show that having third-graders reading at grade level improves their chances of graduating from high school, said Laurie Lee, a reading specialist with Just Read, Florida — the office created in 2002 to carry out the state’s literacy program ... Launched in 2002 under former Gov ... The program’s budget grew to as much as $76.5 million in 2002-03....(size: 9.0Kb)
Jakarta Globe
01 Apr 2013
In the January-March period, the Jakarta Composite Index rose 14.5 percent, the best start for the year since 2002, when the benchmark index rose 23 percent in the first quarter. The index rose 0.3 percent to 4,940.99 on Thursday, the last trading day in March. The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) was closed the following day for Good Friday ... In 2002, the JCI eventually pared its gains from the first quarter to end up8.4 percent ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Times of India
01 Apr 2013
The Telegraph India
01 Apr 2013
... unlike his previous albums (Justified, 2002; FutureSex/ LoveSounds, 2006)....(size: 0.4Kb)
Sydney Morning Herald
01 Apr 2013
North Jersey
01 Apr 2013
The -based retailer Electronics Expo, once hailed as one of the fastest-growing regional electronics chains in the Northeast, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection Sunday evening. The company was founded in 2002 by Leon Temiz, one of three brothers who created the defunct Sixth Avenue Electronics ... Sixth Avenue Electronics closed all of its stores in 2011, and liquidated its assets in lieu of filing for bankruptcy ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
New Straits/Business Times
01 Apr 2013
LATEST. He could also be in trouble for criticising national youth team coach. OUTSPOKEN T-Team coach Peter Butler is in hot water as he has not only failed to meet his team's targets but could also be the next victim of the infamous Article 88 for criticising the national youth team coach recently ... Butler, who led Sabah to the Malaysian Cup final in 2002, had his first coaching stint with Kelantan in 2009 before rejoining them in 2012....(size: 2.7Kb)
CNBC
01 Apr 2013
The euro's challenge to the international status of the U.S. dollar has been set back a generation as new data shows developing countries dumping the European currency from their official reserves ... (Read More. 'Cyprus Euros' Could Take on Own Value With Capital Controls) ... Euros now make up only 24 percent of their reserves, the lowest since 2002, and down from a peak of 31 percent as recently as 2009 ... (Read More ... Mr ... (Read More ... Frankel ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Times of India
01 Apr 2013
NEW DELHI ... Several close supporters of Modi also found prominent places in the rejig, underscoring his primacy in BJP's line-up of prime ministerial aspirants. After his emphatic victory in Gujarat, Modi, who has been accused of turning a blind eye to the 2002 communal riots in Gujarat in which hundreds of Muslims were killed, has been seen by many in the party's base as the only leader who can energise the BJP ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
The News Tribune
01 Apr 2013
MINNEAPOLIS - Ron Gardenhire has presided over one of the longest stretch of competence and one of the worst two-season stretches in Twins history ... While managers can't control the most important variable in the game - the quality of talent, and especially pitching talent, they employ - Gardenhire can do a few things better to give himself the best possible chance of retaining the job he's held since 2002, such as ... 1 ... 2 ... 3 ... 4 ... 5 ... No ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Toronto Sun
01 Apr 2013
Article Tweet ... ... “I didn’t enjoy what was happening ... What this line of thinking fails to address, however, is the influence that coach Randy Carlyle and his coaching staff have had on Kadri who, thanks to his three-goal performance in a 4-0 victory over the Ottawa Senators on Saturday, became the first Maple Leaf to record two hat tricks in a season since the flamboyant Alexander Mogilny did it back in 2002-03 ... . ....(size: 4.1Kb)
Celebrity Café
01 Apr 2013
April 1, 1963, was the day the very first episode of ABC’s General Hospital aired on television. People were introduced to Dr ... It’s also dedicated to a specific character, Dr ... Dr ... Both Rick Webber (played by Chris Robinson), who was killed off in 2002, and Alan Quartermaine (played by Stuart Damon), who was killed in 2007, will be reappearing as ghosts to their true love, Monica (played by Leslie Charleson) ... Audrey, Dr ... 0. No votes yet ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
The Washington Post
01 Apr 2013
U.S ... At least two separate analyses of the Feb. 12 detonation confirmed that the effects of the blast were remarkably well contained, with few radioactive traces escaping into the atmosphere where they could be detected, according to U.S ... Gallery ... courts. Since 2002, federal prosecutors in 14 District courts across the United States have secured 67 convictions of terrorists who were captured overseas, according to the Justice Department ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
This article is about the year 2002. For other uses, see 2002 (disambiguation).
| 2002 : January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
| Millennium: | 3rd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 20th century – 21st century – 22nd century |
| Decades: | 1970s 1980s 1990s – 2000s – 2010s 2020s 2030s |
| Years: | 1999 2000 2001 – 2002 – 2003 2004 2005 |
| Gregorian calendar | 2002 MMII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2755 |
| Armenian calendar | 1451 ԹՎ ՌՆԾԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6752 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 158–159 |
| Bengali calendar | 1409 |
| Berber calendar | 2952 |
| British Regnal year | 50 Eliz. 2 – 51 Eliz. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2546 |
| Burmese calendar | 1364 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7510–7511 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛巳年十一月十八日 (4638/4698-11-18) — to —
壬午年十一月廿八日(4639/4699-11-28) |
| Coptic calendar | 1718–1719 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1994–1995 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5762–5763 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2058–2059 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1924–1925 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5103–5104 |
| Holocene calendar | 12002 |
| Iranian calendar | 1380–1381 |
| Islamic calendar | 1422–1423 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 14 (平成14年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4335 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 91 民國91年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2545 |
| Unix time | 1009843200–1041379199 |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 2002 |
2002 (MMII) was a common year that started on a Tuesday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2002nd year of Anno Domini, the 2nd year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century, and the 3rd of the 2000s decade. 2002 was a palindrome year. By coincidence, the last palindrome year (1991) was also a common year starting on Tuesday. The next time this will happen is between 5995 and 6006.
The year 2002 is designated the:
- International Year of Ecotourism and Mountains
- Year of the Outback in Australia
- National Science Year in the United Kingdom
- Autism Awareness Year in the United Kingdom
Events[link]
January[link]
- January 1
- The Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially enters into force.
- Euro notes and coins are introduced in France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Austria, Ireland and the Netherlands.
- January 8 – The No Child Left Behind Act is signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush.
- January 9 The United States Department of Justice announces it will pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.
- January 10 – Enrique Bolaños begins his 5-year term as President of the Republic of Nicaragua.
- January 14 – The asylum case of Adelaide Abankwah is heard in New York.
- January 16 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and freezes the assets of Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaeda, and the Taliban.
- January 17 – The eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo displaces an estimated 400,000 people.
- January 23 – Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Pakistan, accused of being a CIA agent by his captors.
- January 27 – Several explosions at a military dump in Lagos, Nigeria kill more than 1,000.Confirmation needed
- January 31 – A large section of the Antarctic Larsen Ice Shelf begins disintegrating, consuming about 3,250 km (2,020 mi) over 35 days.
February[link]
- February 1 – Kidnapped Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl is murdered in Karachi, Pakistan.
- February 3 – Costa Rica holds presidential and congressional elections.
- February 6 - King George VI's 50th Anniversary of his Death in 1952
- February 8–February 24 – The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City, Utah.
- February 9 - Elizabeth II's sister Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon dies in her sleep aged 71 after suffering a major stroke.
- February 12
- The trial of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague.
- The U.S. Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear repository.
- February 13 – Elizabeth II gives former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani an honorary knighthood.
- February 15 - The funeral of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon takes place on the 50th anniversary of her father's funeral.
- February 19 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.
- February 20 – In Reqa Al-Gharbiya, Egypt, a fire on a train injures over 65 and kills at least 370.
- February 22
- Robert William Pickton; the most prolific serial killer in Canadian history is arrested and charged with the first two (of twenty-seven) counts of first-degree murder.
- Angolan political and rebel leader Jonas Savimbi is killed in a military ambush.
- A Spanish-facilitated ceasefire begins in Sri Lanka.
- February 23 – FARC kidnaps Íngrid Betancourt in Colombia while she campaigns for the presidency.
- February 27 – A series of riots leaves hundreds dead, after 59 Hindu pilgrims die aboard a train burned by a Muslim mob in Godhra, India.
- February 28
- The ex-currencies of all euro-using nations cease to be legal tender in the European Union.
- Gujarat communal riots begin, wherein the Gulbarg Society massacre takes place in Ahmedabad, in which 69 people were burnt alive or killed.
March[link]
- March 1
- U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
- Continuing violence in Ahmedabad, India kills 28; police shoot and kill 5 rioters.
- The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 km above the Earth using an Ariane 5 on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8,500 kg.
- STS-109: Space Shuttle Columbia flies the Hubble Space Telescope service mission, its last before STS-107.
- March 3 – São Tomé and Príncipe hold legislative elections.
- March 4 – Ansett Australia, one of the oldest airlines in the world and the second largest in Australia, ceases operation after collapsing financially. This event also marks the largest job loss in Australian history.
- March 6 – France agrees to return the remains of Saartjie Baartman to South Africa.
- March 12 – In Houston, Texas, Andrea Yates is found guilty of drowning her 5 children on June 20, 2001. She is later sentenced to life in prison.
- March 14
- 125 vehicles are involved in a massive pile up on Interstate 75 in Ringgold, Georgia.
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Parliament established.
- March 17
- Portugal holds parliamentary elections.
- In Islamabad, Pakistan, the International Protestant Church attack occurs.
- March 19 – US war in Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda ends (started on March 1) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 allied troop fatalities.
- March 21 – In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh and 3 others are charged with the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
- March 24 – The 74th Academy Awards, hosted by Whoopi Goldberg, are held at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, California with the film A Beautiful Mind winning Best Picture.
- March 27 – A Palestinian suicide bomber kills 30 Israeli civilians and injures 140 others at the Park Hotel in Netanya, triggering Operation Defensive Shield, a large-scale counter-terrorist Israeli military incursion into the West Bank, two days later.
April[link]
- April 2 – Israeli forces besiege the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, when militants take shelter there.
- April 9 – The funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother takes place in Westminster Abbey, London.
- April 11 – April 14 – A military coup d'état against the leftist Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez fails.
- April 15 – An Air China Boeing 767-200 crashes into a hillside during heavy rain and fog near Busan, South Korea, killing 128.
- April 17 – Four Canadian infantrymen are killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire from 2 US F-16s.
- April 18 – The discovery of a new insect order, Mantophasmatodea, is announced.
- April 21 – French presidential election, 2002: The first round results in a runoff between Jacques Chirac and the leader of the main French far-right party, Jean-Marie Le Pen.
- April 22 – At a special session of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Director-General Jose Bustani is fired.
- April 25 – Soyuz TM-34: South African Mark Shuttleworth blasts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome; he had paid £15 million for the trip.
- April 27 – The Laughlin, Nevada River Run Riot kills 3.
May[link]
- May 5 – In the second round of the French presidential election Jacques Chirac is reelected.
- May 6 – In the Netherlands, politician Pim Fortuyn is assassinated.
- May 9 – A 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem ends, when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected militants among them deported to several different countries.
- In Kaspiysk, Russia, a remote-control bomb explodes during a holiday parade, killing 43 and injuring at least 130.
- May 8 – Feyenoord Rotterdam wins the UEFA Final Cup with 3-2 from Borussia Dortmund.
- May 10 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for selling American secrets to Moscow for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds.
- May 12
- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a 5-day visit with Fidel Castro, becoming the first U.S. President, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution.
- The Russian Shuttle Buran is destroyed in the Buran hangar collapse, killing 8 workers.
- May 17 – In Ireland, The Fianna Fáil-Progressive Democrats coalition is re-elected. It is the first government to be re-elected since 1969.
- May 20 – East Timor regains its independence.
- May 21 – The US State Department releases a report naming 7 state sponsors of terrorism: Iran, Iraq, Cuba, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria.
- May 22 – 16th Street Baptist Church bombing: A jury in Birmingham, Alabama, convicts former Ku Klux Klan member Bobby Frank Cherry of the 1963 murders of 4 girls.
- May 25
- Estonia hosts the first Eurovision Song Contest in a former Soviet republic.
- China Airlines Flight 611 disintegrates near the Penghu Islands at Taiwan Strait, killing all 225 people on board.
- May 26
- The Mars Odyssey finds signs of large water ice deposits on the planet Mars.
- A barge collides with the Interstate 40 bridge across the Arkansas River in eastern Oklahoma, killing 14.
- May 31 – June 30 – the 2002 FIFA World Cup is held in South Korea and Japan
June[link]
- June 3 – The "Party in the Palace" takes place at Buckingham Palace, London, for Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations.
- June 4 – The planetoid Quaoar is discovered orbiting the Sun in the Kuiper belt.
- June 5 – Fourteen-year-old Elizabeth Smart is kidnapped from her bedroom at knifepoint.
- June 6 – Eastern Mediterranean Event: An object with an estimated diameter of 10 meters collides with Earth, over the Mediterranean Sea, and detonates in mid-air.
- June 8 – Serena Williams defeats her sister Venus Williams in straight sets to win the 2002 French Open.
- June 10
- An annular solar eclipse occurs.
- The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of 2 humans, is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.
- June 11 – Antonio Meucci is recognized as the first inventor of the telephone by the United States Congress.
- June 14 – In Karachi, Pakistan, a car bomb in front of the U.S. Consulate kills 12 Pakistanis and injures 50.
- June 15 – Near Earth Asteroid 2002 MN misses the planet by 75,000 miles (121,000 km), about 1/3 the distance to the moon.
- June 24 – The Igandu train disaster in Dodoma Region, Tanzania, kills 281 people in the worst rail accident in African history.
- June 30 – Brazil wins its fifth FIFA World Cup, defeating Germany in the final.
July[link]
- July 1
- The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Crimes committed on or after this date may be prosecuted by the court.
- A Russian passenger jet and a cargo plane collide over the town of Überlingen, Germany; 72 are killed (see Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937).
- July 9 – The Organization of African Unity is disbanded and replaced by the African Union.
- July 10
- At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" (first version) is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet.
- A helicopter crash in Cyprus kills the head of the Cyprus National Guard, Lt. General Evangelos Florakis.
- July 14 – During Bastille Day celebrations, Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt.
- July 15 – In Washington, D.C., "American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to aiding the enemy and possession of explosives during the commission of a felony; Lindh agrees to serve 10 years in prison for each charge.
- July 19 – Hail kills 25 and injures hundreds in the Chinese province of Henan.
- July 21 – Telecommunications giant WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (the largest such filing in United States history).
- July 27
- A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes at an air show in Ukraine, killing 77 and injuring more than 100, making it the worst air show disaster in history (see Sknyliv airshow disaster).
- Helen Clark, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party, is re-elected in a landslide victory.
August[link]
- August – The 2002 European floods ravage Central Europe.
- August 14 – DPC Enterprises Chlorine Release, Festus, Missouri (USA) [1]
September[link]
- September 2 – The United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, successor of the 1972 Conference on the Human Environment, 1983 World Commission on Environment and Development, and the 1992 Conference on Environment and Development, opens.
- September 5 – A car bomb kills at least 30 people in Afghanistan, and an apparent assassination attempt on Afghan President Hamid Karzai fails the same day.
- September 9 – Judit Polgar beats Garry Kasparov at a game of speed chess.
- September 10 – Switzerland joins the United Nations.
- September 11 – The World Summit on Sustainable Development comes to a close.
- September 15 – The Swedish parliamentary election, 2002 leaves Prime Minister Göran Persson and the Social Democrats in power.
- September 19 – Civil war starts in Côte d'Ivoire.
- September 20 – The Kolka-Karmadon rock ice slide occurs.
- September 22 – The German federal election leaves Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, his Social Democrats and the Greens in power.
- September 25 – The Vitim event, a possible bolide impact, occurs in Siberia, Russia.
- September 26 – The Senegalese passenger ferry Joola capsizes in a storm off the coast of Gambia; 1,863 are killed.
October[link]
- October 2
- The Congress of the United States passes a joint resolution, which authorizes the President to use the United States Armed Forces as he deems necessary and appropriate, against Iraq.
- The Beltway sniper attacks begin with 5 shootings in Montgomery County, Maryland.
- October 7 – The discovery of Quaoar is announced.
- October 9 – The Dot-com bubble bear market reaches bottom, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average slips below 7,200.
- October 11 – Myyrmanni bombing: A lone bomber explodes a home-made bomb in the Myyrmanni shopping mall north of Helsinki, Finland; the casualties include himself.
- October 12 – Terrorists detonate bombs in 2 nightclubs in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 and injuring over 300.
- October 16 – Iraq War Resolution is authorized by a majority of the U.S. Congress.
- October 21 – 9 of 13 DNS root servers are disabled in a DDoS attack.
- October 22 – 25 – Chechen rebels take control of the theatre Nord-Ost in Moscow and hold the audience hostage.
- October 24 – The Beltway snipers, John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, are arrested.
- October 25 – U.S. Senator Paul Wellstone, his family, and his staff are killed in a plane accident at Eveleth, Minnesota.
- October 27 – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected President of Brazil.
November[link]
- November 5 – The U.S. Republican Party maintains control of the House of Representatives and gains control of the United States Senate.
- November 6 – The U.S. Federal Reserve System drops its primary discount rate by 50 basis points to 0.75%, putting the real interest rate solidly below the inflation rate.
- November 7 – Iran bans the advertising of United States products.
- November 8 – Iraq disarmament crisis: The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves UN Security Council Resolution 1441, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
- November 13
- Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 1441.
- The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician coast, causing a huge oil spill.
- November 14 – Argentina defaults on a US $805 million World Bank loan payment.
- November 15 – Hu Jintao becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of China.
- November 16 – A Campaign against Climate Change march takes place in London from Lincoln's Inn Fields, past Esso offices to the United States Embassy.
- November 18 – Iraq disarmament crisis: United Nations weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq.
- November 21 – At the NATO Summit in Prague, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia are invited to join the organization.
- November 22 – In Nigeria, more than 100 are killed at an attack aimed at the Miss World contestants.
- November 25 – U.S. President George W. Bush signs the Homeland Security Act into law, establishing the Department of Homeland Security, in the largest U.S. government reorganization since the creation of the Department of Defense in 1947.
- November 26 – Legislation by the European Court of Human Rights and Law Lords, ruling in favour of convicted murderer Anthony Anderson, ends the right of the Home Secretary to set minimum terms for convicted murderers.
December[link]
- December 7 – As required by the recently passed U.N. resolution, Iraq files a 12,000 page weapons declaration with the U.N. Security Council.
- December 9 – United Airlines, the second largest airline in the world, files for bankruptcy.
- December 10 – The High Court of Australia hands down its judgement in the Internet defamation dispute in the case of Gutnick v Dow Jones.
- December 12 – Hans Enoksen is elected Prime Minister of Greenland.
- December 27 – A suicide truck-bomb attack destroys the headquarters of Chechnya's Moscow-backed government, killing 72.
- December 29 – The Communist New People's Army blows up a bust of Ferdinand Marcos in Benguet, Philippines.
- December 30 – An eruption on the volcanic island Stromboli off the coast of Sicily causes a flank failure and tsunami. The island is later evacuated.
Date unknown[link]
- Population Division of the United Nations calculate that 40 million people around the world are infected with HIV.
Births[link]
- February 5 – Davis Cleveland, American child actor
- July 22 – Prince Felix of Denmark, Prince of Denmark
- October 6 – Cleopatra Stratan, Moldovan child singer
Deaths[link]
Main article: Deaths in 2002
January[link]
- January 3 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch-born beer magnate (b. 1923)
- January 8
- Alexander Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
- Dave Thomas, American fast food entrepreneur (Wendy's) (b. 1932)
- January 12
- Stanley Unwin, South African comedian (b. 1911)
- Cyrus Vance, American politician, 59th United States Secretary of State (b. 1917)
- January 15 – Eugène Brands, Dutch painter (b. 1913)
- January 16
- Michael Anthony Bilandic, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1923)
- Bobo Olson, American boxer (b. 1928)
- January 17
- Queenie Leonard, British singer and actress (b. 1905)
- Camilo José Cela, Spanish writer (b. 1916)
- January 22
- January 23
- Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist (b. 1930)
- Robert Nozick, American philosopher (b. 1938)
- January 28 – Astrid Lindgren, Swedish children's book author (b. 1907)
February[link]
- February 6 – Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1914)
- February 8
- Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (b. 1930)
- Thomaz Soares da Silva, Brazilian football player (b. 1921)
- February 9 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (b. 1930)
- February 10 – Traudl Junge, German private secretary of Adolf Hitler (b. 1920)
- February 12 – John Eriksen, Danish football player (b. 1957)
- February 13 – Waylon Jennings, American country music singer (b. 1937)
- February 14 – Nándor Hidegkuti, Hungarian footballer (b. 1922)
- February 15
- Howard K. Smith, American television journalist (ABC News) (b. 1914)
- Kevin Smith, New Zealand actor (b. 1963)
- February 16 – Walter Winterbottom, English football manager (b. 1913)
- February 19 – Virginia Hamilton, American writer (b. 1936)
- February 22
- Chuck Jones, American animator (b. 1912)
- Jonas Savimbi, Angolan rebel and political leader (b. 1934)
- February 24 – Leo Ornstein, American composer and pianist (b. 1892)
- February 27 – Spike Milligan, British comedian, writer, and poet (b. 1918)
- February 28 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (b. 1920)
March[link]
- March 11 – James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- March 12 – Spyros Kyprianou, former President of Cyprus (b. 1932)
- March 20 – Ibn Al-Khattab, Saudi guerilla (b. 1969)
- March 24 – César Milstein, Argentine scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1927)
- March 27
- Milton Berle, American comedian and actor (b. 1908)
- Dudley Moore, British pianist, comedian, and actor (b. 1935)
- Billy Wilder, Polish-American film screenwriter and director (b. 1906)
- March 29 – Rico Yan, Filipino Actor (b. 1975)
- March 30 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (née Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon), queen consort of George VI and mother of Elizabeth II (b. 1900)
April[link]
- April 5 – Layne Staley, American singer (b. 1967)
- April 8 – María Félix, Mexican actress (b. 1914)
- April 9 – Leopold Vietoris, Austrian mathematician (b. 1891)
- April 15 – Byron White, American athlete and Supreme Court Justice (b. 1917)
- April 16
- Franz Krienbühl, Swiss speed skater (b. 1929)
- Robert Urich, American actor (b. 1946)
- April 18
- Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (b. 1914)
- Wahoo McDaniel, American football player and professional wrestler (b. 1938)
- April 22 – Linda Lovelace, American pornographic actress (b. 1949)
- April 25 – Lisa Lopes, American rapper; one-third of the multi-platinum girl group TLC (b. 1971)
- April 27
- George Alec Effinger, American author (b. 1947)
- Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Swiss industrialist and art collector (b. 1921)
- Ruth Handler, American toy manufacturer (b. 1916)
- April 28 – Lou Thesz, American professional wrestler (b. 1916)
May[link]
- May 5 – Hugo Banzer, Bolivian politician, 62nd and 75th President of Bolivia (b. 1926)
- May 6 – Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician and professor (b. 1948)
- May 11 – Joseph Bonanno, Italian-born gangster (b. 1905)
- May 13 – Valeri Lobanovsky, Ukrainian football manager (b. 1939)
- May 18 – Davey Boy Smith, British professional wrestler (b. 1962)
- May 19 – John Gorton, Australian politician, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1911)
- May 20 – Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist and author (b. 1941)
- May 21 – Niki de Saint Phalle, French artist (b. 1930)
- May 23 – Sam Snead, American golfer (b. 1912)
- May 26 – Mamo Wolde, Ethiopian runner (b. 1932)
- May 28 – Jean Berger, German-American composer (b. 1909)
June[link]
- June 2 – Hansie Cronje, South African cricketer and captain of the South African national cricket team in the 1990s.(b. 1969)
- June 4 – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Peruvian politician, 85th and 88th President of Peru (b. 1912)
- June 5 – Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (b. 1951)
- June 6 – Hans Janmaat, Dutch politician (b. 1934)
- June 7 – Lilian, Princess of Réthy, Belgian princess (b. 1916)
- June 10 – John Gotti, American gangster (b. 1940)
- June 17 – Fritz Walter, German footballer (b. 1920)
- June 24 – Pierre Werner, Luxembourgian politician, 19th and 21st Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1913)
- June 26 – Arnold Brown, English General of The Salvation Army (b. 1913)
- June 27 – John Entwistle, English bassist (b. 1944)
- June 29 – Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (b. 1928)
- June 30 – Chico Xavier, Brazilian medium (b. 1910)
July[link]
- July 5
- Benjamin O. Davis Jr., American general (b. 1912)
- Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (b. 1924)
- Ted Williams, American baseball player (b. 1918)
- July 6
- Dhirubhai Ambani, Indian businessman (b. 1932)
- John Frankenheimer, American film director (b. 1930)
- Abdul Qadir, Vice president of Afghanistan (b. 1951)
- July 9
- Mayo Kaan, bodybuilder (b. 1914)
- Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
- July 10 – Evangelos Florakis, Greek military officer (b. 1943)
- July 13 – Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b. 1908)
- July 14 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican politician, 41st, 45th and 49th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
- July 16 – John Cocke, American computer scientist (b. 1925)
- July 17 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and diplomat, 5th Secretary General of NATO (b. 1911)
- July 19 – Alan Lomax, American folklorist and musicologist (b. 1915)
- July 21 - Antti Koivumäki, Finnish poet and keyboardist (Aavikko) (b. 1976)
- July 23 – Chaim Potok, American author and rabbi (b. 1929)
- July 25 – Abdur Rahman Badawi, Egyptian philosopher (b. 1917)
- July 28 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
August[link]
- August 4 – Carmen Silvera, British actress (b. 1922)
- August 5
- Chick Hearn, American SportsCaster (b. 1916)
- Franco Lucentini, Italian writer (b. 1920)
- August 6 – Edsger W. Dijkstra, Dutch computer scientist (b. 1930)
- August 11 – Galen Rowell, American photographer, writer, and climber (b. 1940)
- August 14 – Dave Williams, American singer (b. 1972)
- August 16 – Abu Nidal, Paleiostinian militant (b. 1937)
- August 31
- Lionel Hampton, American musician (b. 1908)
- George Porter, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1920)
September[link]
- September 11 – Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922)
- September 18 – Bob Hayes, American athlete (b. 1942)
- September 19
- Robert Guéï, Ivorian military ruler (b. 1941)
- Duncan Hallas, prominent member of the Trotskyist movement in Great Britain (b. 1925)
- September 21 – Robert Lull Forward, American author and physicist (b. 1932)
- September 22 – James Miller, known as the 'Fan Man' (b. 1963)
October[link]
- October 6 – Claus van Amsberg, German born Prince Consort of the Netherlands (b. 1926)
- October 9
- Sopubek Begaliev, Soviet-era economist and politician (b. 1931)
- Aileen Wuornos, American serial killer (b. 1956)
- October 12 – Ray Conniff, American musician and bandleader (b. 1916)
- October 13 – Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
- October 18 – Nikolai Rukavishnikov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1932)
- October 25 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
- October 30 – Jam-Master Jay, American Hip-Hop DJ (b. 1965)
November[link]
- November 2 – Charles Sheffield, English author and physicist (b. 1935)
- November 9 – Merlin Santana, American actor (b. 1976)
- November 12 – Károly Doncsecz, Slovenian potter (b. 1918)
- November 15 – Myra Hindley, English murderer (b. 1942)
- November 17 – Abba Eban, Israeli politician and diplomat, 3rd Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1915)
- November 18 – James Coburn, American actor (b. 1928)
- November 19 – Max Reinhardt, British publisher (b. 1915)
- November 22 – Parley Baer, American actor (b. 1914)
- November 24 – John Rawls, American political theorist (b. 1921)
December[link]
- December 3 – Glenn Quinn, Irish actor (b. 1970)
- December 5 – Ne Win, Burmese military commander (b. 1911)
- December 18 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Governor General of Canada (b. 1934)
- December 22
- Desmond Hoyte, Guyanese politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Guyana and 4th President of Guyana (b. 1929)
- Joe Strummer, British musician (b. 1952)
Nobel Prizes[link]
- Peace – Jimmy Carter
- Literature – Imre Kertész
- Chemistry – John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
- Physics – Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
- Physiology or Medicine – Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, and John E. Sulston
- Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel – Daniel Kahneman and Vernon L. Smith
Fields Medalists[link]
In fiction[link]
Main article: Works of fiction set in 2002
- The events of First Among Sequels by Jasper Fforde take place in an alternate-reality 2002
- In the comic book series Y: The Last Man, on July 12, 2002 a mysterious plague kills all living creatures with a Y chromosome on the planet.
- The West Wing: On November 5, Democratic President Josiah Bartlet of New Hampshire defeats Republican Governor Robert Ritchie of Florida in his reelection bid following the 2002 US presidential election.
- The events of Resident Evil: Dead Aim take place on September 23.
References[link]
External links[link]
- 2002 Year-End Google Zeitgeist – Google's Yearly List of Major Events and Top Searches for 2002
- Top Stories of 2002 - CNN
- Year in Review - Netscape
http://wn.com/2002
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/2002
http://es.wn.com/2002
http://ru.wn.com/2002 год
http://cs.wn.com/2002
http://pt.wn.com/2002
http://pl.wn.com/2002
http://hi.wn.com/२००२
http://it.wn.com/2002
http://id.wn.com/2002
http://nl.wn.com/2002
http://fr.wn.com/2002
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ron Paul | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 14th district |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 1997 |
|
| Preceded by | Greg Laughlin |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 22nd district |
|
| In office January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985 |
|
| Preceded by | Robert Gammage |
| Succeeded by | Tom DeLay |
| In office April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977 |
|
| Preceded by | Robert Casey |
| Succeeded by | Robert Gammage |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ronald Ernest Paul (1935-08-20) August 20, 1935 (age 76) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican Party (1976–1988, 1988–present) |
| Other political affiliations |
Libertarian Party (1988 election) |
| Spouse(s) | Carol Wells |
| Children | Ronnie Lori Rand Robert Joy |
| Alma mater | Gettysburg College (B.S.) Duke University (M.D.) |
| Religion | Southern Baptist |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Congressional website Campaign website |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force Texas Air National Guard |
| Years of service | 1963–1965 1965–1968 |
| Rank |  Captain[1] |
|
This article is part of a series about
Ron Paul |
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Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 14th congressional district, which includes Galveston, since 1997, and a three-time candidate for President of the United States, as a Libertarian in 1988 and as a Republican in 2008 and currently 2012. He is an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policies, including the Military–industrial complex and the Federal Reserve, and is known for his libertarian-leaning views, often differing from his own party on certain issues.
A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his medical degree. He served as a medical officer in the United States Air Force from 1963 until 1968. He worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s, delivering more than 4,000 babies. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in the Senate when his son Rand Paul was elected to the United States Senate for Kentucky in 2010.[2]
Ron Paul has been an active writer and publisher since the late 1970s, when he created the first of several newsletters bearing his name. He has published many books, beginning with The Case for Gold (1982) and including Liberty Defined: 50 Essential Issues That Affect Our Freedom (2011), End The Fed (2009), The Revolution: A Manifesto (2008), Pillars of Prosperity (2008), and A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship (2007). Paul has been characterized as the "intellectual godfather" of the Tea Party movement.[3][4]
On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would forego seeking another term in Congress in order to focus on his presidential bid.[5] On May 14, 2012, Paul announced that he would not be competing in any other Presidential primaries, though he is still competing for delegates in states where the primary election have already been held.[6]
Early life, education, and medical career[link]
Ronald Ernest Paul was born on August 20, 1935, in Pittsburgh,[7] the son of Howard Caspar Paul, who ran a small dairy company, and Margaret (née Dumont) Paul. His paternal great-grandparents emigrated from Germany, and his mother was of German and Irish ancestry.[8][9]
As a junior at suburban Dormont High School, he was the 220-yard dash state champion.[10] He graduated from Gettysburg College with a B.S. degree in Biology in 1957.[10]
Paul earned a Doctor of Medicine degree from Duke University's School of Medicine in 1961, and completed his medical internship at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and his residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh.[11] Paul served as a flight surgeon in the United States Air Force from 1963 to 1965 and then in the United States Air National Guard from 1965 to 1968.[12]
Paul and his wife then relocated to Texas, where he began a private practice in obstetrics and gynecology.[13] He refused to accept Medicaid or Medicare payments, but routinely lowered fees for patients who could not afford to pay.[14][15]
Early congressional career (1976–1985)[link]
While still a medical resident in the 1960s, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, which caused him to read many publications by Ludwig von Mises and Ayn Rand. He came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits to them his interest in the study of economics.[16]
When President Richard Nixon "closed the gold window" by ending American participation in the Bretton Woods System, thus ending U.S. dollar's loose association with gold[16] on August 15, 1971, Paul decided to enter politics[17] and became a Republican candidate for the United States Congress.[18]
Elections[link]
In 1974, incumbent Robert R. Casey defeated him for the 22nd district. President Gerald Ford later appointed Casey to direct the Federal Maritime Commission, and Paul won an April 1976 special election to the vacant office.[19] Paul lost the next regular election to Democrat Robert Gammage by fewer than 300 votes (0.2%), but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch, and was reelected in 1980 and 1982.[20] Gammage underestimated Paul's popularity among local mothers: "I had real difficulty down in Brazoria County, where he practiced, because he'd delivered half the babies in the county. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and the other one was his partner."[21]
Tenure[link]
Paul has served in Congress three different periods: first from 1976 to 1977, after he won a special election, then from 1979 to 1985, and finally since 1997.
In his early years, Paul served on the House Banking Committee, where he blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation and spoke against the banking mismanagement that resulted in the savings and loan crisis.[22][8] Paul argued for a return to the gold standard maintained by the US from 1873-1933, and with Senator Jesse Helms convinced the Congress to study the issue.[16] He spoke against the reinstatement of registration for the military draft in 1980, in opposition to President Jimmy Carter and the majority of his fellow Republican members of Congress.[23]
During his first term, Paul founded the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE), a non-profit "think tank" dedicated to promoting principles of limited government and free-market economics.[24]
Paul proposed term-limit legislation multiple times, while himself serving four terms in the House of Representatives.[23] In 1984, he decided to retire from the House in order to run for the U.S. Senate, complaining in his House farewell address that "Special interests have replaced the concern that the Founders had for general welfare.... It's difficult for one who loves true liberty and utterly detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave a true cynic."[25][26] (On Paul's departure from the House, his congressional seat was assumed by former state representative Tom DeLay, who would eventually become Speaker of the House.)[27]
Committee assignments[link]
1984 U.S. Senate election[link]
Main article: United States Senate election in Texas, 1984
In 1984, Paul campaigned for the U.S. Senate, but lost the Republican primary to Phil Gramm, who had switched parties the previous year from Democrat to Republican.[28] Another candidate of the senatorial primary was Henry Grover, a conservative former state legislator who had lost the 1972 gubernatorial general election to the Democrat Dolph Briscoe, Jr.
Inter-congressional years[link]
1985–1997[link]
Following the loss of the 1984 senate race, Paul returned to his obstetrics practice and took part in a number of other business ventures.[8][29] Along with his former congressional chief of staff, Lew Rockwell, Paul founded a for-profit enterprise, Ron Paul & Associates, Inc. (RP&A) in 1984, with Paul serving as president, Rockwell as vice president, Paul's wife Carol as secretary, and daughter Lori Pyeatt as treasurer.[30] The company published a variety of political and investment-oriented newsletters including Ron Paul Freedom Report and Ron Paul Survival Report, and by 1993 was generating revenues in excess of $900,000.[31][32]
Paul also co-owned a mail-order coin dealership, Ron Paul Coins, for twelve years with Burt Blumert, who continued to operate the dealership after Paul resumed office in 1996.[33][34] Paul spoke multiple times at the American Numismatic Association's 1988 convention.[33] He worked with his Foundation for Rational Economics and Education on such projects as establishing the National Endowment for Liberty, producing the At Issue public policy series that was broadcast on the Discovery Channel and CNBC,[24] and continuing publication of newsletters.
1988 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 1988
Paul resigned from the Republican Party in 1987 and launched a bid for the presidency running on the Libertarian Party ticket. At the 1987 Libertarian National Convention, the party was split between a Conservative and Liberal wing. Paul represented the conservative wing, which was successful in fundraising, while the liberal wing claimed to have received ten times more (and more favorable) press coverage.[citation needed] Paul argued, "Pro-life libertarians have a vital task to perform: to persuade the many abortion-supporting libertarians of the contradiction between abortion and individual liberty; and to sever the mistaken connection in many minds between individual freedom and the 'right' to extinguish individual life."[35][36]
In the 1988 presidential election, Paul was on the ballot in 46 States,[37] scoring third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%).[38] Paul was kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch termed a "technicality".[39]
According to Paul, his presidential campaign was about more than obtaining office; he sought to promote his libertarian ideas, often to school and university groups regardless of vote eligibility. He said, "We're just as interested in the future generation as this election. These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents."[37]
Paul considered campaigning for President during 1992,[40] but instead chose to endorse Pat Buchanan that year, and served as an adviser to Buchanan's Republican presidential primary campaign against incumbent President George H. W. Bush.[41]
Later congressional career (1997–present)[link]
Elections[link]
For more details on this topic, see Texas's 14th congressional district.
- 1996 campaign
During 1996, Paul was re-elected to Congress after a difficult campaign. The Republican National Committee endorsed incumbent Greg Laughlin in the primary; Paul won with assistance from baseball pitcher, constituent, and friend Nolan Ryan, tax activist and publisher Steve Forbes[8] and conservative commentator Pat Buchanan (both of whom had had presidential campaigns that year). Paul narrowly defeated Democratic attorney Charles "Lefty" Morris in the fall election, despite Morris' criticism over controversial statements in several newsletters that Ron Paul published.
- 1998–present
In 1998 and 2000, Paul defeated Loy Sneary, a Democratic Bay City, Texas, rice farmer and former Matagorda County judge.[17] In the 2008 Republican primary,[42] he defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden,[43] with over 70 percent of the vote[44] and ran unopposed in the general election.[45] In the 2010 Republican primary, Paul defeated three opponents with 80 percent of the vote.[46]
On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would not seek re-election to the House in order to pursue the 2012 presidential election.[47][48]
Tenure[link]
- Legislation
Main article: List of legislation sponsored by Ron Paul
Of the 620 bills that Paul had sponsored through December 2011, over a period of more than 22 years in Congress, only one had been signed into law – a lifetime success rate of less than 0.3%.[49] The sole measure authored by Paul that was ultimately enacted allowed for a federal customhouse to be sold to a local historic preservation society (H.R. 2121 in 2009).[49]
By amending other legislation, he has helped prohibit funding for national identification numbers, funding for federal teacher certification,[17] International Criminal Court jurisdiction over the U.S. military, American participation with any U.N. global tax, and surveillance of peaceful First Amendment activities by citizens.[50]
- Affiliations
Paul was honorary chairman of, and is a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus, a political action committee that describes its goal as electing "liberty-minded, limited-government individuals".[51] He is an initiating member of the Congressional Rural Caucus, which deals with agricultural and rural issues, and the 140-member Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus.[52]
Committee assignments[link]
Rep. Paul serves on the following committee and subcommittees.[53]
With the election of the 112th Congress, and a resulting GOP majority in the House, Paul became the chairman of the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology starting in January 2011.[54]
2008 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008
2008 Republican primary campaign[link]
Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on March 12, 2007, on C-SPAN.[55] Few major politicians endorsed him, and his campaign was largely ignored by traditional media.[56] However, he attracted an intensely loyal grassroots following, in large part energized by "iconoclastic white men"[57] interacting through internet social media.[58][59][60] In May 2007, shortly after the first televised primary debates, the blogs search engine site Technorati.com listed Paul's name as the term most frequently searched for;[58] and Paul's campaign claimed that Paul had more YouTube channel subscribers than Barack Obama or any other candidate for president.[61] For a candidate who had had relatively low national name recognition prior to entering the race, Paul did surprisingly well in fundraising, taking in more money than any other Republican candidate in the fourth quarter of 2007, as the primary season headed into the Iowa caucuses.[62][63]
Despite benefiting from large numbers of campaign contributions from individual donors,[64] and the efforts of tech-savvy supporters determined to keep his name a frequent topic of discussion on the internet,[58] over the course of the campaign Paul was unable to translate the enthusiasm of his core supporters into large enough numbers of actual primary votes to unseat his rivals.
Paul came in 5th place in both the January 4 Iowa caucuses (10% of votes cast)[65] and the January 8 New Hampshire primary (8%).[66] With the exception of the Nevada caucuses January 19, where he came in 2nd (14%) behind Romney (51%), he did little better through the rest of January: Michigan 4th (6%), South Carolina 5th (4%), Florida 5th (3%). On SuperTuesday, February 5, he placed 4th in almost every state, generally taking in a mere 3–6% of the votes (although he did better in the mountain states of North Dakota (21%, 3rd place) and Montana (25%, 2nd place).[67][68]
By March, front-runner John McCain had secured enough pledged delegates to guarantee that he would win the nomination, and Romney and Huckabee had both formally withdrawn from the race. Paul, who had won no state primaries, knew that it was now mathematically impossible for him to win the nomination, as he had captured only 20[69] – 40 pledged delegates compared to more than 1,191 for McCain, yet he refused to concede the race and said that it was unlikely that he would ultimately endorse McCain.[70][71][72] Over the next few weeks, Paul's supporters clashed with establishment Republicans at several county and state party conventions over state party rules, the party platforms, and selection of delegates for the national convention.[73][74][75] In one of the more dramatic moments, Nevada's state party leaders, outmaneuvered by Paul supporters at the state nominating convention, resorted to the highly unusual measure of prematurely and abruptly shutting down the convention before selecting national delegates, with a plan to reconvene at a later date.[76][77]
On June 12, 2008, Paul finally withdrew his bid for the Republican nomination. He later said that one of the reasons he did not run in the general election as a third-party candidate, after losing the primary election, was that, as a concession to gain ballot access in certain states, he had signed legally-binding agreements to not run a third-party campaign if he lost the primary.[78] Some of the $4 million remaining campaign contributions was invested into the new political action and advocacy group called Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty.[79]
Refusal to endorse the Republican candidate[link]
At a September 10, 2008, press conference, Paul announced his general support of four third-party candidates: Cynthia McKinney (Green Party); Bob Barr (Libertarian Party); Chuck Baldwin (Constitution Party); and Ralph Nader (independent). He said that each of them had pledged to adhere to a policy of balancing budgets, bringing the troops home, defending privacy and personal liberties, and investigating the Federal Reserve. Paul also said that under no circumstances would he be endorsing either of the two dominant parties' candidates (McCain – Republican Party, or Obama – Democratic Party) because there were no real differences between them, and because neither of them, if elected, would seek to make the fundamental changes in governance that were necessary. He urged instead that, rather than contribute to the “charade” that the two-party election system had become, the voters support the third-party candidates as a protest vote, to force change in the election process.[80][81] Later that same day, Paul gave a televised interview with Nader saying much the same again.[82]
Two weeks later, "shocked and disappointed" that Bob Barr (the Libertarian candidate) had pulled out of attending the press conference at the last minute and had admonished Paul for remaining neutral and failing to say which specific candidate Paul would vote for in the general election, Paul released a statement saying that he had decided to endorse Chuck Baldwin, the Constitution Party candidate, for president.[83]
In the November 2008 general election, Paul received 41,905 votes despite not actively campaigning.[84][85]
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012
See also: Draft Ron Paul movement
Paul is a candidate for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election.
He won several early straw polls for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination [86] and in late April, 2011, he formed an official exploratory committee.[87][88] He participated in the first Republican presidential debate on May 5, 2011.[89] and on May 13, 2011, Paul formally announced his candidacy in an interview on ABC's Good Morning America.[90] He placed second in the 2011 Ames Straw Poll, missing first by 0.9%.[91]
In December 2011, with Ron Paul's increased support, the controversy over allegedly racist and homophobic statements in several Ron Paul newsletters in the 1980s and early 1990s once again gained media attention.[92] During this time Paul supporters asserted that he was continually ignored by the media despite his significant support, citing examples of where television news shows would fail to mention Paul in discussions of the Republican presidential hopefuls even when he was polling second.[93][94][95][96]
Paul came in third in the Iowa Republican Caucus held on January 3, 2012. Out of a turnout of 121,503 votes, Paul took 26,036 (21%) of the certified votes. Rick Santorum and Mitt Romney finished in a virtual tie for first place with 25% each.[97] In the New Hampshire Primary held on January 10, 2012, Paul received 23% of the votes and came in second after Romney's 39%.[98]
Ron Paul's results then declined, despite the withdrawal of candidates Michele Bachmann, Jon Huntsman and Rick Perry. He had fourth place finishes in the next two primaries, on January 21st in South Carolina (with 13% of the vote[99]) and on January 31st in Florida (where he received 7% of the vote.[100][101][102])
On February 4, Paul finished third in Nevada with 18.8% of the vote.[103] Three non-binding primaries were held on February 7th; Paul took 3rd place in Colorado[104] and Missouri[105] with 13% and 12% of the vote respectively. He fared better in Minnesota[106] with 27%, finishing second to Rick Santorum.
On May 14, Paul's campaign announced that due to lack of funds he would no longer actively campaign for votes in the 11 remaining primary states, including Texas and California, that had not yet voted.[6][107] He would, however, continue to seek to win delegates for the national party convention in the states that had already voted.
Political party identification[link]
Throughout his entire tenure in Congress, Paul has represented his district as a member of the Republican Party. However, he has frequently taken positions in direct opposition to the other members and the leadership of the party, and he has sometimes publicly questioned whether he really belonged in the party.
He had been a lifelong supporter of the Republican Party by the time he entered politics in the mid 1970s.[108] He was one of the first elected officials in the nation to support Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign,[109] and he actively campaigned for Reagan in 1976 and 1980.[110] After Reagan's election in 1980, Paul quickly became disillusioned with the Reagan administration's policies. He later recalled being the only Republican to vote against Reagan budget proposals in 1981,[111][112] aghast that "in 1977, Jimmy Carter proposed a budget with a $38 billion deficit, and every Republican in the House voted against it. In 1981, Reagan proposed a budget with a $45 billion deficit – which turned out to be $113 billion – and Republicans were cheering his great victory. They were living in a storybook land."[109] He expressed his disgust with the political culture of both major parties in a speech delivered in 1984 upon resigning from the House of Representatives to prepare for a (failed) run for the Senate, and he eventually apologized to his Libertarian friends for having supported Reagan.[111]
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By 1987, Paul was ready to sever all ties to the Republican Party, as he explained in a blistering resignation letter: "Since [1981] Ronald Reagan and the Republican Party have given us skyrocketing deficits, and astoundingly a doubled national debt. How is it that the party of balanced budgets, with control of the White House and Senate, accumulated red ink greater than all previous administrations put together? ... There is no credibility left for the Republican Party as a force to reduce the size of government. That is the message of the Reagan years."[110][108] A month later he announced he would seek the 1988 Libertarian Party nomination for president.
During the 1988 campaign, Paul called Reagan "a dramatic failure"[110] and complained that "Reagan's record is disgraceful. He starts wars, breaks the law, supplies terrorists with guns made at taxpayers' expense and lies about it to the American people."[113] Paul predicted that "the Republicans are on their way out as a major party,"[111] and he said that, although registered as a Republican, he had always been a Libertarian at heart.[112][111]
Paul returned to his private medical practice and managing several business ventures after losing the 1988 election; but by 1996, he was ready to return to politics, this time running on the Republican Party ticket again. He said that he had never read the entire Libertarian platform when he ran for president as a Libertarian in 1988, and that "I worked for the Libertarians on my terms, not theirs."[114] He added that in terms of a political label he preferred to call himself "a constitutionalist. In Congress I took an oath to uphold the Constitution, not the (Republican) platform."[114]
When he lost the Republican Party presidential primary election in 2008, Paul criticized the two major political parties, saying that there was no real difference between the parties and that neither of them truly intended to challenge the status quo. He refused to endorse the Republican Party's nominee for president, John McCain, and lent his support to third-party candidates instead.[115][116]
In 2012 presidential campaign, during which he acknowledged it was unlikely that he would win the Republican Party nomination,[117] Paul again asserted that he was participating in the Republican Party on his own terms, trying to persuade the rest of the party to move toward his positions rather than joining in with theirs.[118] He expressed doubt that he would support any of his rivals should they win the nomination, warning that, “If the policies of the Republican Party are the same as the Democrat Party and they don't want to change anything on foreign policy, they don't want to cut anything, they don't want to audit the Fed and find out about monetary policy, they don't want to have actual change in government, that is a problem for me."[119] On that same theme he said in another interview, "I would be reluctant to jump on board and tell all of the supporters that have given me trust and money that all of a sudden, I'd say, [all] we've done is for naught. So, let's support anybody at all ... even if they disagree with everything that we do."[120]
Political positions[link]
Main article: Political positions of Ron Paul
Paul has been described as conservative and libertarian.[8] According to University of Georgia political scientist Keith Poole, Paul had the most conservative voting record of any member of Congress from 1937 to 2002,[121] and is the most conservative of the candidates seeking the 2012 Republican nomination for president,[122] on a scale primarily measuring positions on the role of government in managing the economy – not positions on social issues or foreign policy matters.[123] Other analyses, in which key votes on domestic social issues and foreign policy factor more heavily, have judged Paul much more moderate. The National Journal, for instance, rated Paul only the 145th most conservative member of the House of Representatives based on votes cast in 2010.[124][125]
The foundation of Paul's political philosophy is the conviction that "the proper role for government in America is to provide national defense, a court system for civil disputes, a criminal justice system for acts of force and fraud, and little else."[126] He has been nicknamed "Dr. No,"[17] reflecting both his medical degree and his insistence that he will "never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution."[22]
Paul is a proponent of Austrian School economics; he has authored six books on the subject, and displays pictures of Austrian School economists Friedrich Hayek, Murray Rothbard, and Ludwig von Mises (as well as of Grover Cleveland)[127] on his office wall. He regularly votes against almost all proposals for new government spending, initiatives, or taxes;[128] he cast two thirds of all the lone negative votes in the House during a 1995–1997 period.[17]
He has pledged never to raise taxes[129] and states he has never voted to approve a budget deficit. Paul believes that the country could abolish the individual income tax by scaling back federal spending to its fiscal year 2000 levels;[130][131] financing government operations would be primarily by excise taxes and non-protectionist tariffs. He endorses eliminating most federal government agencies, terming them unnecessary bureaucracies.
On April 15, 2011, Paul was one of four Republican members of Congress to vote against Rep. Paul Ryan's budget proposal, known as "The Path to Prosperity."[132]
Paul has a consistent record as an inflation hawk, having warned of hyperinflation as far back as 1981.[133] While Paul believes the longterm decrease of the U.S. dollar's purchasing power by inflation is attributable to its lack of any commodity backing, he does not endorse a "return" to a gold standard – as the U.S. government has established during the past – but instead prefers to eliminate legal tender laws and to remove the sales tax on gold and silver, so that the market may freely decide what type of monetary standard(s) there shall be.[134] Since 1999, he has introduced bills into each Congress seeking to eliminate the Federal Reserve System in a single year.[135][136][137]
Paul's foreign policy of nonintervention[138] made him the only 2008 Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War Resolution in 2002. He advocates withdrawal from the United Nations, and from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for reasons of maintaining strong national sovereignty.[139]
He endorses free trade, rejecting membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization as "managed trade". He endorses increased border security and opposes welfare for illegal aliens, birthright citizenship and amnesty;[140] he voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006. He voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists in response to the September 11 attacks, but suggested war alternatives such as authorizing the president to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal targeting specific terrorists. An opponent of the Iraq War and potential war with Iran, he has also criticized neoconservatism and U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, arguing that both inadvertently cause terrorist reprisals against Americans. Paul has stated that "Israel is our close friend" and that it is not the place of the United States to "dictate how Israel runs her affairs".[141]
Paul endorses constitutional rights, such as the right to keep and bear arms, and habeas corpus for political detainees. He opposes the Patriot Act, federal use of torture, presidential autonomy, a national identification card, warrantless domestic surveillance, and the draft. Paul also believes that the notion of the separation of church and state is currently misused by the court system: "In case after case, the Supreme Court has used the infamous 'separation of church and state' metaphor to uphold court decisions that allow the federal government to intrude upon and deprive citizens of their religious liberty."[142]
Citing the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, Paul advocates states' rights to decide how to regulate social matters not cited directly by the Constitution. He opposes federal regulation of the death penalty[143] (although he opposes capital punishment),[144] of education,[145] and of marriage, and endorsed revising the military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy to concern mainly disruptive sexual behavior (whether heterosexual or homosexual).[146]
Paul says his years as an obstetrician led him to believe life begins at conception.[147]
He terms himself "strongly pro-life",[148] "an unshakable foe of abortion",[149] and believes regulation or ban[150] on medical decisions about maternal or fetal health is "best handled at the state level".[143][151] His abortion-related legislation, like the Sanctity of Life Act, is intended to negate Roe v. Wade and to get "the federal government completely out of the business of regulating state matters."[152]
Paul has stated that "The government shouldn't be in the medical business." He pushes to eliminate federal involvement with and management of health care, which he argues would allow prices to decrease due to the fundamental dynamics of a free market.[153] Paul also opposes the federal War on Drugs,[154] and believes the states should decide whether to regulate or deregulate drugs such as medical marijuana.[155] He also opposes federal government influenza inoculation programs.[156]
As a free-market environmentalist, he asserts private property rights in relation to environmental protection and pollution prevention.[citation needed] He called global warming a hoax in a 2009 Fox Business interview, saying, "You know, the greatest hoax I think that has been around in many, many years if not hundreds of years has been this hoax on the environment and global warming."[157] He acknowledges there is clear evidence of rising temperatures in some parts of the globe, but says that temperatures are cooling in other parts.[158]
Paul was critical of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, arguing that it sanctioned federal interference in the labor market and did not improve race relations. He once remarked: "The Civil Rights Act of 1964 not only violated the Constitution and reduced individual liberty; it also failed to achieve its stated goals of promoting racial harmony and a color-blind society".[159] Paul opposes affirmative action.[160]
He is an outspoken proponent of increased ballot access for 3rd party candidates,[161] but has sought to repeal the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, also known as the Motor Voter law.[162]
Newsletters controversy[link]
Main article: Ron Paul newsletters
Beginning in 1978, for more than two decades Paul and his associates published a number of political and investment-oriented newsletters bearing his name (Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report, The Ron Paul Survival Report, the Ron Paul Investment Letter, and the Ron Paul Political Report).[163] By 1993, a business through which Paul was publishing the newsletters was earning in excess of $900,000 per year.[163]
A number of the newsletters, particularly in the period between 1988 and 1994 when Paul was no longer in Congress, contained material that later proved highly controversial, dwelling on conspiracy theories, praising anti-government militia movements, and warning of coming race wars.[163][164] During Paul's 1996 congressional election campaign, and his 2008 and 2012 presidential primary campaigns, critics charged that some of the passages reflected racist, anti-Semitic, and homophobic bigotry.[165][166][167][168][169][170][171]
The newsletters included statements such as:
- "... I think we can safely assume that 95 percent of the black males in [Washington, DC] are semi-criminal or entirely criminal."[166]
- "Boy, it sure burns me to have a national holiday for that pro-communist philanderer, Martin Luther King. I voted against this outrage time and time again as a Congressmen. What an infamy that Ronald Reagan approved it! We can thank him for our annual Hate Whitey Day!"[163][172]
- "An ex-cop I know advises that if you have to use a gun on a youth [to defend yourself against armed robbery], you should leave the scene immediately, disposing of the wiped off gun as soon as possible.... I frankly don't know what to make of such advice, but even in my little town of Lake Jackson, Texas, I've urged everyone in my family to know how to use a gun in self defense. For the animals are coming."[163][173]
- “I miss the closet. Homosexuals, not to speak of the rest of society, were far better off when social pressure forced them to hide their activities. They could also not be as promiscuous. Is it any coincidence that the AIDS epidemic developed after they came 'out of the closet,' and started hyper-promiscuous sodomy? I don't believe so, medically or morally.”[174][175]
- “[Magic] Johnson may be a sports star, but he is dying [of AIDS] because he violated moral laws.”[164][176]
- “[T]he criminal ‘Justice’ Department wants to force dentists to treat these Darth Vader types [people with AIDS] under the vicious Americans With Disabilities Act;" and “[W]e all have the right to discriminate, which is what freedom of association is all about, especially against killers [AIDS patients].”[164][177]
Other passages referred to former Secretary of Health & Human Services Donna Shalala as a “short lesbian” and Martin Luther King, Jr. as a pedophile and “lying socialist satyr" – while offering praise for former Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard David Duke and other controversial figures.[163][164][174]
When criticism of the newsletters was leveled against Paul during his 1996 congressional election, he did not deny writing the newsletters, but instead defended them and said that the material had been taken out of context.[165][167][166] In later years, Paul said that the controversial material had been ghostwritten by members of a team that included 6 or 8 others and that, as publisher, not editor, he had not even been aware of the content of the controversial articles until years after they had been published.[167][178] He eventually disavowed those passages, and stated that in 1996 his campaign advisers had thought denying authorship would be too confusing and that he had to live with the material published under his name.[167][178] Some political commentators made note of the changing nature of the explanations he had provided over the years about his involvement with the newsletters.[179][180][181]
An estranged former long-term aide of Paul, Eric Dondero, alleged that Paul was lying about his role in the production of the controversial newsletters.[182][183] During the 2012 Republican presidential primary campaign, in January 2012, the Washington Post reported[184] that several of Paul's former associates said that Paul had been very involved in the production of the newsletters and had allowed the controversial material to be included as part of a deliberate strategy to boost profits. Paul's former secretary said, "it was his newsletter, and it was under his name, so he always got to see the final product.... He would proof it."[184] Paul continued to deny the accusations and to disavow the material.[185]
Personal life[link]
Paul has been married to Carol Wells since 1957.[186] They met in 1952 when Wells asked Paul to be her escort to her 16th birthday party.[187] They have five children, who were baptized Episcopalian:[8] Ronald, Lori, Randal, Robert, and Joy. Paul's son Randal is the junior United States senator from the state of Kentucky. Raised a Lutheran, Paul later became a Baptist.[188]
Bibliography[link]
Main article: Ron Paul bibliography
- Paul, Ron (1981) (PDF). Gold, Peace, and Prosperity: The Birth of a New Currency. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. OCLC 7877384. http://www.mises.org/books/goldpeace.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- Paul, Ron; Lehrman, Lewis; U.S. Gold Commission (September 1982) (PDF). The Case for Gold: A Minority Report of the U.S. Gold Commission. Washington, DC: Cato Institute (2d ed. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007). ISBN 0-932790-31-3. OCLC 8763972. http://www.mises.org/books/caseforgold.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- Paul, Ron (1983). Abortion and Liberty. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. ISBN 0-912453-02-8. OCLC 9682249.
- Paul, Ron (1983). Ten Myths About Paper Money: And One Myth About Paper Gold. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. OCLC 11765863.
- Paul, Ron (1984) (PDF). Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute (2d ed. 2004). OCLC 19968524. http://www.mises.org/books/paulmises.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- Paul, Ron (1987). Freedom Under Siege: The U.S. Constitution After 200 Years. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (2d ed. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007). OCLC 19697005.
- Paul, Ron (1990). Challenge to Liberty: Coming to Grips with the Abortion Issue. Lake Jackson, Texas: Ron Paul Enterprises. OCLC 46960450.
- Paul, Ron (1991). The Ron Paul Money Book. Plantation Publishing. ISBN 0-521-44733-X.
- Paul, Ron (2000). A Republic, If You Can Keep It. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. OCLC 45414993. http://paul.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=510&Itemid=60. Retrieved 2011-09-06.
- Paul, Ron (2002). The Case for Defending America. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. OCLC 49744552.
- Paul, Ron (2002). The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards–2001. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press. ISBN 1-893958-84-1.
- Paul, Ron (2003). The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards – Vol. 2–2002. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press.
- Paul, Ron (2004). The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards – Vol. 3–2003. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press. ISBN 1-893958-24-8.
- Upton, Fred; Paul, Ron (2005). Indecency in the Media: Rating and Restricting Entertainment Content: Should the House Pass H.R. 3717, the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act?. Washington, DC: Congressional Digest Corp. OCLC 81150568.
- Rangel, Charles B.; Paul, Ron (2006). Compulsory National Service: 2006–2007 Policy Debate Topic: Should the All-Volunteer Force be Replaced by Universal, Mandatory National Service?. Bethesda, Maryland: Congressional Digest Corp. OCLC 84912971.
- Paul, Ron (2007). A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship. Lake Jackson, Texas: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. ISBN 0-912453-00-1. OCLC 145174995.
- Paul, Ron (2008). Pillars of Prosperity. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 1-933550-24-4.
- Paul, Ron; Haddad, Philip; Marsh, Roger (April 2008). Ron Paul Speaks. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. ISBN 1-59921-448-2. OCLC 199459258.
- Paul, Ron (2008). The Revolution: A Manifesto. New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 0-446-53751-9. OCLC 191881970.
- Paul, Ron (2009). End the Fed. New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-446-54919-6. OCLC 318878539.
- Paul, Ron (2011). Liberty Defined: 50 Essential Issues That Affect Our Freedom. New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4555-0145-8.
Other contributions[link]
- Belloc, Hilaire; Chesterton, Cecil (2007) [1911]. The Party System. Paul, Ron (foreword). Norfolk, Virginia: IHS Press. ISBN 1-932528-11-3. OCLC 173299105.
- Fortman, Erik; Lavello, Randy (2004). Webs of Power. Paul, Ron (interview). Austin, Texas: Van Cleave Publishing. ISBN 0-9759670-0-2. OCLC 61026033.
- Haugen, David M.; Musser, Susan, eds. (2007). Human Embryo Experimentation. Paul, Ron (Chapter 9: No form of stem cell research should be federally funded). Detroit, Michigan: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0-7377-3243-1. OCLC 84152907.
- Haugen, David M., ed. (2007). National Security. Paul, Ron (Chapter 1–7: The federal debt is a threat to national security). Detroit, Michigan: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0-7377-3761-1. OCLC 144227284.
- Jaeger, James; Baehr, Theodore; Griffin, G. Edward; Paul, Ron; Vieira, Edwin (2007). Fiat Empire: Why the Federal Reserve Violates the U.S. Constitution (DVD). Beverly Hills, California: Cornerstone-Matrixx Entertainment. OCLC 192133806.
- Minns, Michael Louis (2001). How to Survive the IRS. Paul, Ron (foreword). Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books. ISBN 1-56980-170-3. OCLC 44860846.
- Paul, Ron; Hayashi, Terry; Pardo, Victoriano; and Fisher, Edwin (August 1, 1969). "Evaluation of Renal Biopsy in Pregnancy Toxemia". Obstetrics and Gynecology (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) 34 (2): 235–241. PMID 5798269.
- Paul, Ron (1999). "Being Pro-Life is Necessary to Defend Liberty". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy (MCB University Press, Ltd) 19 (3–4): 11. DOI:10.1108/01443339910788712. ISSN 0144-333X. OCLC 89482648.
- Paul, Ron; Bartlett, Roscoe; et al. (2001) (Videotape). The United Nations & the New World Order. Brunswick, OH: American Portrait Films, Inc. ISBN 1-57341-132-9. OCLC 56793278.
- Pearl, Sandy; Beutel, Bill; Alis, Bob; Weingold, Dave; Paul, Ron; Bartsch, Ed (1980). Born Again (Videotape). Athens, GA: University of Georgia Instructional Resources Center. OCLC 7407395.
- Skousen, Mark; Weber, Chris; Ketcher, Michael, eds. (1987). The Closing Door. Paul, Ron (introduction). Bethel, Connecticut: Institute for the Preservation of Wealth (2d ed. 1988). ISBN 0-938689-03-7. OCLC 17209571.
- Vieira, Jr., Edwin (1983). Pieces of Eight. Paul, Ron (foreword). Fort Lee, NJ: Sound Dollar Committee. ISBN 978-0-8159-6226-7. OCLC 9919612.
- von NotHaus, Bernard, ed. (September 1, 2003). The Liberty Dollar Solution to the Federal Reserve. Paul, Ron (Chapter 21: Abolish the Fed). Evansville, Indiana: American Financial Press. ISBN 0-9671025-2-9.
References[link]
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- ^ Douglas, William (2011-01-05). "Father watches with pride as Rand Paul becomes U.S. senator". The McClatchy Company. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/01/05/106256/father-watches-with-pride-as-rand.html#storylink=misearch. Retrieved 2010-01-29.
- ^ Smith, James F. (2007-12-16). "Ron Paul's tea party for dollars". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2007/12/ron_pauls_tea_p.html.
- ^ "The Tea Party's Brain". The Atlantic. 2011-08-05. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/11/the-tea-party-8217-s-brain/8280/a. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- ^ Trygstad, Tyler (2011-07-12). "Ron Paul to Retire from Congress". Roll Call. http://www.rollcall.com/news/Ron-Paul-retire-207207-1.html?ET=rollcall:e10569:80081152a:&st=email. Retrieved 2011-07-12.
- ^ a b Dinan, Stephen (May 14, 2012). "Ron Paul ends his hunt for votes". Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/may/14/ron-paul-ends-his-hunt-votes/. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ Anderson, Lisa (2007-11-13). "A seller of ideas". Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1381838921.html?dids=1381838921:1381838921&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+13%2C+2007&author=Lisa+Anderson&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=A+seller+of+ideas%3B+They+call+him+Dr.+No+--+no+big+government%2C+no+big+spending%2C+no+flouting+the+Constitution.+And+no+interest+in+a+slick+political+image.+Series%3A+THE+CONTENDERS+%3A+RON+PAUL+The+eighth+in+a+series+of+the+2008+presidential+candidates&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- ^ a b c d e f Caldwell, Christopher (2007-07-22). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". The New York Times Magazine. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/magazine/22Paul-t.html. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- ^ Reitweisner, William Addams. "The Ancestors of Ron Paul". http://www.wargs.com/political/paul.html. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
- ^ a b Wereschagin, Mike (2007-06-17). "Presidential candidate Ron Paul drawing diverse crowds". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/cityregion/s_513029.html. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
- ^ Halbfinger, David M. (2012-02-05). "Ron Paul’s Flinty Worldview Was Forged in Early Family Life". The New York Times (New York, NY). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/06/us/politics/for-ron-paul-a-distinctive-worldview-of-long-standing.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
- ^ Ron Paul biography at Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Penn State University Libraries. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
- ^ Ron Paul biography at Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Penn State University Libraries. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ "What is Ron Paul's Stance on Health care?". The State Column. 2011-07-19. http://www.thestatecolumn.com/health/where-is-ron-pauls-stance-on-healthcare. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
- ^ Gwynne, Sam C. (Oct 2001). "Dr. No". Texas Monthly. ISSN 0148-7736. http://scgwynne.com/Article%202.html. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
- ^ a b c Taylor, Jay (2000-05-11). "In Defense of our 'Unalienable Rights'". J. Taylor's Gold & Technology Stocks. http://www.usagold.com/gildedopinion/taylorpaulintrvw.html. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ a b c d e Gwynne, Sam C. (2001-10-01). "Dr. No". Texas Monthly. http://www.texasmonthly.com/2001-10-01/feature7.php. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Barrick, Chris (November 2007). "Ron Paul's Presidential Bid". Cross and Crescent (Lambda Chi Alpha). Archived from the original on November 4, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071104075054/http://www.crossandcrescent.com/2007/11/ron-pauls-presidential-bid/. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
- ^ Danielle Burton (March 23, 2007). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Ron Paul". U.S. News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070323/23paulfacts.htm. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ "The Ron Paul Story" (YouTube). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgF-s1voM_Y. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
- ^ Goodwyn, Wade (2007-10-07). "Paul Has Long Drawn Support from Unlikely Places". the '08 Candidates' First Campaign (NPR). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15016924. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ a b "About Ron Paul". Ron Paul 2008. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20071023173254/http://www.ronpaul2008.com/about/. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ a b "The Libertarian Congressman Is Back". Wall Street Journal: p. A18. 1997-01-13. http://www.seedship.com/politics/ronpaul1.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ a b "Introduction to FREE and NEFL". Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. http://www.free-nefl.com/html/introduction.html. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ Berlau, John (1997-01-10). "Insight on the News".
- ^ Paul, Ron (1984-09-19). "Some Observations on Four Terms in Congress". Lew Rockwell. http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul433.html. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
- ^ "Members and leaders of the Texas Legislature". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/members/roster.cfm?leg=68. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
- ^ Rudin, Ken (2007-07-26). "Ron Paul, George and Ringo". Political Junkie (National Public Radio).
- ^ Doherty, Brian (November 1999). "Eminentoes: A principled maverick" (subscription). American Spectator 32 (11). http://search.opinionarchives.com/Summary/AmericanSpectator/V32I11P58-1.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- ^ Markon, Jerry; Crites, Alice (2012-01-28). "Insiders Say Paul Endorsed Racially Charged Newsletters". Seattle Times: A4.
- ^ Kirchick, James (2008-01-08). "Angry White Man: The Bigoted Past of Ron Paul". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/angry-white-man?id=e2f15397-a3c7-4720-ac15-4532a7da84ca. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^ Martha T. Moore (2011-12-23). "1995 video shows Ron Paul discussing newsletters". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2011-12-22/ron-paul-newsletters-youtube/52163920/1.
- ^ a b Doyle, Al (2007-07-23). "Presidential candidate Paul passionate over hard money: Texas legislator once ran investment coin firm" (PDF). Coin World. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071025214638/http://www.libertydollar.org/news-stories/pdfs/1185851080.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
- ^ Taylor, Jay (2006-03-17). "Congressman Ron Paul Talks About Gold, Oil & the Economy". J. Taylor's Gold & Technology Stocks. http://www.321gold.com/editorials/taylor/taylor031706.html. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
- ^ "Ron Paul's Abortion Rhetoric". 2007-08-16. http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=ron_pauls_abortion_rhetoric.
- ^ "Libertarian delegates hear party candidates debate". The Bulletin (Bend, Oregon): p. 3. 1987-09-04. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=d1cPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p4YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5224,1878387&dq=ron-paul.
- ^ a b Rosenthal, Andrew (1988-10-17). "Now for a Real Underdog: Ron Paul, Libertarian, for President". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/17/us/now-for-a-real-underdog-ron-paul-libertarian-for-president.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
- ^ "1988 VOTE: The Final Word". The New York Times. 1988-12-29. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/29/nyregion/1988-vote-the-final-word.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
- ^ Nugent, Franklin (November 7, 1988). "If You Don't Like Bush Or Dukakis ... Libertarian Candidate Offers Common-Sense Policies For America". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis Post-Dispatch L.L.C.): 3C.
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- ^ Rothbard, Murray. "Weighing the Buchanan factors; Ideals for the heartland." LewRockwell.com. 1992-01-10. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^ "Paul Vows to Remain a Republican in Race". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. 2007-02-09. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080411131229/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/02/09/politics/p092049S41.DTL. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
- ^ Martin, Gary (2007-05-22). "Paul gets primary challenger". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080511091000/http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/politics/stories/MYSA052207.EN.PAUL.94898f61.html. Retrieved 2007-07-11.
- ^ "2008 Republican Party Primary Election". Texas Secretary of State. 2008-03-04. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709211901/http://enr.sos.state.tx.us/enr/mar04_135_race4.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^ Gamboa, Suzanne (2008-11-05) "Olson upends Lampson in closely watched race", Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
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- ^ "Ron Paul attracts loyal following". The Detroit News. http://detnews.com/article/20110914/POLITICS03/109140373/Ron-Paul-attracts-loyal-following. Retrieved 2011-09-14. [dead link]
- ^ Good, Chris (2011-08-05). "The End of the Ron Paul Era?". The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/07/the-end-of-the-ron-paul-era/241826. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- ^ a b Fahrenthold, David A. (2011-12-26). "Ron Paul's House Record Marked by Bold Strokes, and Futility". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ron-pauls-house-record-stands-out-for-its-futility-and-tenacity/2011/12/23/gIQA5ioVJP_story.html. Retrieved 30 January 2012.
- ^ Bresnahan, John (2007-10-10). "Paul says Americans' freedoms under siege". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1007/6277_Page2.html. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
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- ^ "Who is Ron Paul?". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070924205837/http://www.house.gov/paul/bio.shtml. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
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- ^ Seelye, Katherine Q.; Wayne, Leslie (2007-11-11). "The Web Takes Ron Paul for a Ride". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/11/us/politics/11paul.html. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
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- ^ LA Times (2008-03-24). "Paul Backers Claim Chunk of State Party". Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
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- ^ "New Focus on Incendiary Words in Paul’s Newsletters". New York Times.
- ^ Ron Smith. "Ron Paul, aka the invisible candidate". Baltimore Sun.
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- ^ Frank James. "Ron Paul Wears Invisibility Cloak In News Media's Eyes". Vermont Public Radio.
- ^ Jack Kerwick, PhD. "Ron Paul: Why a Top-tier Candidate Is Ignored by Republicans". New American.
- ^ Jacobs, Jennifer (2012-01-12). "2012 GOP Caucus Count Unresolved". Des Moines Register. http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2012/01/19/register-exclusive-2012-gop-caucus-count-unresolved. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ^ "New Hampshire – Summary Vote Results". Associated Press. 2012-01-11. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/files/elections/2012/by_state/NH_Page_0110.html?SITE=AP&SECTION=POLITICS. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
- ^ CNN Wire Staff (2012-01-21). "Gingrich Wins SC GOP Primary; Romney Second". News4Jax.com. http://www.news4jax.com/election-2012/Gingrich-wins-South-Carolina-GOP-primary-CNN-projects-Romney-second/-/1875986/8481832/-/n89pf/-/. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "Florida Election Watch". Florida Department of State: Division of Elections. http://enight.elections.myflorida.com. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ "Florida Election Watch: Candidate County Reporting". Florida Department of State: Division of Elections. http://enight.elections.myflorida.com/Default5.aspx. Retrieved February 1, 2012. [dead link]
- ^ "Google Politics & Elections". 2012-01-31. http://www.google.com/elections/ed/us/results/2012/gop-primary/fl. Retrieved 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Mitt Romney wins Nevada GOP caucuses". USA Today. 2012-02-05. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-02-04/republican-nevada-caucus/52957864/1. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ 2012 Colorado Caucuses
- ^ 2012 Missouri Primary
- ^ 2012 Minnesota Caucuses
- ^ Good, Chris (2012-05-14). "Ron Paul to Stop Campaigning in New States". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/05/ron-paul-to-stop-campaigning-in-new-states/. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ a b Paul, Ron. "Dear Frank". Ron Paul's Resignation Letter to the Republican National Committee, 1987. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ron_Paul%27s_1987_Resignation_Letter_to_the_RNC. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
- ^ a b Roberts, Jerry (1988-09-17). "Libertarian Candidate Rolls Out His Values". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ a b c Nichols, Bruce (1987-03-15). "Ron Paul Wants to Get Americans Thinking: Republican-Turned-Libertarian Seeks Presidency". Dallas Morning News.
- ^ a b c d Kutzmann, David M. (1988-05-24). "Small Party Battles Big Government Libertarian Candidate Opposes Intrusion into Private Lives". San Jose Mercury News: 12A.
- ^ a b Kennedy, J. Michael (1988-05-10). "Politics 88: Hopeless Presidential Race: Libertarian Plods On – Alone and Unheard". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-05-10/news/mn-2480_1_libertarian-party. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
- ^ Paolanonio, S.A. (1987-09-13). "Libertarian Seeks Presidency Third Party Tries a 5th Campaign". Philadelphia Inquirer: E02.
- ^ a b Robison, Clay (1996-02-15). "Campaign 96/U.S. House/Paul Favors Repealing Federal Anti-Drug Laws". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ "Two-Party 'Charade' Must End, Ron Paul Says". CNN. 2008-09-10. http://articles.cnn.com/2008-09-10/politics/paul.endorsement_1_paul-supporters-third-party-candidates-ron-paul-revolution?_s=PM:POLITICS. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2008-09-22). "A New Alliance". Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty. http://web.archive.org/web/20080923183405/http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog/?p=582. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Moran, Terry (2012-01-02). "Does Ron Paul See Himself in the Oval Office? 'Not Really?'". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/01/does-ron-paul-see-himself-in-the-oval-office-not-really. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
- ^ "Interview with Ron Paul". CNN State of the Union with Candy Crowley. 2011-06-05. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1106/05/sotu.01.html. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ McCormick, John; Lerer, Lisa (2011-12-31). "Paul Sees Top-Two Finish in Iowa while Wary of Backing Rivals". Bloomberg News. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-30/paul-sees-placing-first-or-second-in-iowa-while-wary-of-supporting-rivals.html. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
- ^ "Ron Paul Talks Presidential Politics, Policy". Fox News Sunday. 2011-11-06. http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/fox-news-sunday/2011/11/06/ron-paul-talks-presidential-politics-policy-reps-shuler-simpson-urge-super-committee-go-b?page=2. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
- ^ "Is John Kerry a Liberal?". http://voteview.com/Is_John_Kerry_A_Liberal.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
- ^ Poole, Keith T.. "Ideological Locations of 2012 Republican Presidential Candidates (Updated 5 January 2012)". Voteview Blog. http://voteview.com/blog/?p=258. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ Poole, Keith T.. "Dimensionality of Congressional Voting Post-World War II". Voteview Blog. http://voteview.com/blog/?p=234. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ House, Billy (2011-02-24). "The Most Conservative Members of the House: Each is a Confirmed Budget Hawk and as a Group They are not above Being a Little Strident". National Journal Daily. http://www.nationaljournal.com/member/daily/the-most-conservative-members-of-the-house-20110224. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ "Vote Ratings 2010: How Did Your Member of Congress Vote?". National Journal. http://www.nationaljournal.com/2010voteratings?person=P000583. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2007-02-05). "Political Power and the Rule of Law". Texas Straight Talk. http://paul.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1106&Itemid=69. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
- ^ Will, George F (2007-02-18). "A Cheerful Anachronism". Newsweek. http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=177422&Disp=41&Trace=on. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ^ Copeland, Libby (2006-07-09). "Congressman Paul's Legislative Strategy? He'd Rather Say Not". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/08/AR2006070800966_2.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Kartch, John (2007-04-24). "Rep. Ron Paul Signs Presidential Taxpayer Protection Pledge". Americans for Tax Freedom. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011150929/http://atr.org/content/html/2007/april/042407pr-ronpaul_pledge.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2003-01-30). "End the Income Tax – Pass the Liberty Amendment". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080301111946/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2003/cr013003c.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
- ^ "Paul Want Less Government, Less Taxes, and Abolish IRS". Antiwar President. 2007-09-13. Archived from the original on 2007-07-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20070705203920/http://www.antiwarpresident.com/ronpaul/Ron-Paul-less-government-abolish-IRS.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ www.house.gov (2011-04-15). "Final vote results for roll call 277". Clerk of the House of Representatives. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2011/roll277.xml. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ Five Myths About the Gold Standard, Congressman Ron Paul, Congressional Record, February 23, 1981: "I believe such a standard to be not only desirable and feasible, but absolutely necessary if we aim to avoid the very real possibility of hyperinflation in the near future, and economic collapse. But in Washington today we have five myths about the gold standard."
- ^ "Ron Paul in New Hampshire" (YouTube). 2007-06-05. http://youtube.com/watch?v=RKQmYfY3R7c.
- ^ "H.R. 1148: Federal Reserve Board Abolition Act". 106th Congress, 1999-03-17. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h106-1148. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ "H.R. 1094: Federal Reserve Board Abolition Act". 112th Congress, 2011-03-15. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h112-1094. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2007-09-11). "Question and Answer session following Keynote speech at the Johns Hopkins Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies forum "Foreign Policy: A View from a Presidential Candidate"". Ron Paul Audio. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. http://web.archive.org/web/20090324220848/http://ronpaulaudio.com/rpaudio/RonPaulatJohnsHopkinsSchoolofInternationalStudiesSAIS091107.m3u. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2007-05-22). "Patriotism". Congressional Record (U.S. House of Representatives). http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul388.html. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Ron Paul, Opportunities for Peace and Nonintervention, LewRockwell.com, January 6, 2009.
- ^ Paul, Ron. "Issue: Border Security and Immigration Reform". Ron Paul 2008. http://www.ronpaulforcongress.com/html/bordersecurity.html. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ "Ron Paul Responds to President Obama's Middle East Speech". http://eon.businesswire.com/news/eon/20110519007204/en.
- ^ Paul, Ron (13 June 2002). "Restoring First Amendment Protections of Religion and Religious Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives". http://paul.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=330&Itemid=60. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ a b Lofton, John (August 2007). "Excerpts From Our Exclusive Ron Paul Interview". American View. http://theamericanview.com/index.php?id=916. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Rockwell, Lew (2010-12-13) Ron Paul, Defender of Human Dignity, LewRockwell.com
- ^ "Ron Paul on Education: Republican Representative (TX-14)". On the Issues. 2007-09-01. http://www.ontheissues.org/2008/Ron_Paul_Education.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2007-06-05). "Transcript of June 5 "CNN/WMUR/New Hampshire Union Leader" Republican presidential debate". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0706/05/se.01.html. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
- ^ Murtagh, Joseph (2007-06-28). "An Interview with Presidential Candidate Congressman Ron Paul". Muckraker Report (Team Liberty). Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20071018022258/http://www.teamliberty.net/id447.html. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ Paul, Ron (1999-10-27). "Providing for Consideration of H.R. 2260, Pain Relief Promotion Act of 1999". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070908011246/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec99/cr102799.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2007). "Life and Liberty". Ron Paul 2008. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024143701/http://www.ronpaul2008.com/issues/life-and-liberty/. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2006-01-31). "Federalizing Social Policy". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071229014649/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2006/tst013006.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
- ^ "Paul says merger plans must be derailed: 'You cannot amend the Constitution with a treaty'". Election 2008 Q&A (WorldNetDaily). 2007-07-10. http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56526. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ Eddlem, Thomas R. (2005-05-02). "Who had the right to rule?". The New American. American Opinion Publishing, Inc. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Who+had+the+right+to+rule%3F+Accusations+about+the+abuses+of...-a0132162835. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2004-05-05). "Free market Medicine". LewRockwell.com. http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul175.html. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2004-04-17). "The War on Drugs is a War on Doctors". Congressional Record. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080802163713/http://www.house.gov/paul/tst/tst2004/tst051704.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
- ^ "H.R. 2592". Library of Congress. 2001-07-23. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HR02592. Retrieved 2008-11-14.
- ^ Malcolm, Arthur (2009-04-30) "Ron Paul pooh-poohs swine flu; yet another grab for more Fed control!", L.A. Times blogsite. Retrieved 2009-10-7.
- ^ Anchor: David Asman (2009-11-04). "America's Nightly Scoreboard". 7 minutes in. Fox Business Network.
- ^ On the Issues: Global Warming
- ^ "The Trouble With Forced Integration by Ron Paul". http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul188.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ^ "Ron Paul on the Issues | Campaign 2008". The Washington Post. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/issues/candidates/ron-paul/#affirmative-action. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ^ Paul, Ron (2004-07-15). "End the Two-Party Monopoly!". Congressional Record (House of Representatives). Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930110358/http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2004/cr071504.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ "H.R. 2139: To Repeal the National Voter Registration Act of 1993". 108th Congress, 2003-05-15. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h108-2139. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Kirchick, James (2008-01-08). "Angry White Man: The Bigoted Past of Ron Paul". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/angry-white-man. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d Kirchick, James (2012-01-17). "More Selections from Ron Paul's Newsletters". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/99666/ron-paul-newsletters-part-two?page=0,1. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ a b Camia, Catalina (1996-05-22). "Candidate's Comments on Blacks Questioned". Dallas Morning News: 8A.
- ^ a b c Bernstein, Alan (1996-05-23). "Newsletter Excerpts Offer Amunition to Paul's Opponent/GOP Hopeful Quoted on Race, Crime". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1996_1343749/campaign-96-u-s-house-newsletter-excerpts-offer-am.html. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Dr. No". Texas Monthly. 2001-10. http://www.texasmonthly.com/preview/2001-10-01/feature7. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Ron Paul interview by Wolf Blitzer". CNN (The Situation Room). 2008-01-10. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0801/10/sitroom.02.html. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Ron Paul interview by Sanjay Gupta". CNN (Anderso Cooper 360 Degrees). 2011-12-21. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1112/21/acd.01.html. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ Strauss, Daniel (2011-12-29). "Huntsman Camp Hits Ron Paul for Controversial Newsletters". The Hill. http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/201643-huntsman-camp-hits-ron-paul-for-controversial-newsletters. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Old Issue Causing New Problem for Ron Paul". Houston Chronicle. 2011-12-27. http://blog.chron.com/rickperry/2011/12/old-issue-causing-new-problem-for-ron-paul/. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "The Coming Race War". Ron Paul Political Report. 1990-02. http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/February1990.pdf.
- ^ "Blast 'Em?". Ron Paul Political Report. 1992-10. http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/PoliticalReportOctober1992.pdf.
- ^ a b TNR Staff (2011-12-23). "A Collection of Ron Paul's Most Incendiary Newsletters". The New Republic. http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/98883/ron-paul-incendiary-newsletters-exclusive. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Newsletter". Ron Paul Political Report. 1990-06. http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/PR_June90_p6.pdf.
- ^ "Mr. Johnson's Magic". Ron Paul Political Report. 1991-12-15. http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/Dec91PolRep.PDF.
- ^ "AIDSophilia". Ron Paul Survival Report. 1993-11. http://www.tnr.com/sites/default/files/SurvRepNov93.pdf.
- ^ a b "Ron Paul interview by Ali Velshi". CNN (American Morning). 2011-12-20.
- ^ Hicks, Josh (2011-12-27). "Ron Paul and the Racist Newsletters (Fact Checker Biography)". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/post/ron-paul-and-the-racist-newsletters-fact-checker-biography/2011/12/21/gIQAKNiwBP_blog.html. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ Kucinich, Jackie (2011-12-21). "Paul's Story Changes on Racial Comments". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2011-12-21/ron-paul-racist-newsletters/52147878/1. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ Legum, Judd (2011-12-27). "Fact Check: Ron Paul Personally Defended Racist Newsletters". Thinkprogress. http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2011/12/27/395391/fact-check-ron-paul-personally-defended-racist-newsletters/?mobile=nc. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ Newby, Joe (2011-12-26). "Former Staffer Says Ron Paul Lying about Role in Controversial Newsletter". Spokane Conservative Examiner.
- ^ Lord, Jeffrey (2011-12-20). "Ex-Ron Paul Aide Disputes Paul on Newsletters". The American Spectator. http://spectator.org/blog/2011/12/20/ex-ron-paul-aide-disputes-paul. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ a b Markon, Jerry; Crites, Alice (2012-1-27). "Paul Pursued Strategy of Publishing Controversial Newsletters, Associates Say". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/ron-paul-signed-off-on-racist-newsletters-sources-say/2012/01/20/gIQAvblFVQ_story.html.
- ^ "Ron Paul interview by John King". CNN (John King USA). 2012-01-27. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1201/27/jkusa.01.html. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ Paul, Carol (2007-03-16). "The American Dream – Through the Eyes of Mrs. Ron Paul". Daily Paul. http://dailypaul.com/node/53. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Sheri & Bob Stritof. "Carol and Ron Paul Marriage Profile".
- ^ Husna Haq. "Election 101: Ron Paul sets sights on 2012. Ten things to know about him. – What is his family and religious background?". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/2011/0513/Election-101-Ron-Paul-sets-sights-on-2012.-Ten-things-to-know-about-him/What-is-his-family-and-religious-background. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ron Paul |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ron Paul |
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Ron Paul's personal website, books, articles, links to political sites connected with Ron Paul
- Ron Paul at the Open Directory Project
- Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Congressional profile at OpenCongress
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Works by or about Ron Paul in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Presidential campaign
- NOW on PBS "Ron Paul and Internet Politics". Also, a September 2008 NOW on PBS interview with Ron Paul
- PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer – Vote 2008: Ron Paul
- Ron Paul TV. Ron Paul Presidential Candidate Media and Internet Video Campaign.
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Robert R. Casey |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 22nd congressional district April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977 |
Succeeded by Robert Gammage |
| Preceded by Robert Gammage |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 22nd congressional district January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985 |
Succeeded by Tom DeLay |
| Preceded by Greg Laughlin |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 14th congressional district January 3, 1997 – present |
Incumbent |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by David Bergland |
Libertarian Party presidential candidate 1988 |
Succeeded by Andre Marrou |
| United States order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Rob Andrews |
United States Representatives by seniority 53rd |
Succeeded by David Price |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Paul, Ron |
| Alternative names | Paul, Ronald Ernest |
| Short description | U.S. libertarian, physician, politician, obstetrician |
| Date of birth | August 20, 1935 |
| Place of birth | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Paul
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Norah Jones | |
|---|---|
 Jones at Bright Eyes at Town Hall, May 29, 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Geethali Norah Jones Shankar |
| Born | (1979-03-30) March 30, 1979 (age 33) Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Jazz, blues, pop, folk, country, vocal jazz, soul, roots rock, alternative rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano/keyboards, guitar, bass guitar, saxophone |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Blue Note |
| Associated acts | The Little Willies, El Madmo, Liberation Prophecy, Wax Poetic, Peter Malick, Willie Nelson, Ray Charles, Q-Tip, Peeping Tom |
| Website | norahjones.com |
Norah Jones[1] (born Geethali Norah Jones Shankar; March 30, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress. She is the daughter of Indian sitar player Ravi Shankar. She is also the paternal half-sister of Anoushka Shankar.[2]
In 2002, she launched her solo music career with the release of the commercially successful and critically acclaimed album Come Away With Me, a fusion of jazz, pop, and country music, which was certified a diamond album in 2002, selling over 20 million copies.[3][4][5] The record earned Jones five Grammy Awards, including the Album of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best New Artist.[6] Her subsequent studio albums, Feels Like Home, released in 2004, Not Too Late, released in 2007, the same year she made her film debut in My Blueberry Nights, and her 2009 release The Fall all gained Platinum status after selling over a million copies[4] and were generally well received by critics.[3] Jones' fifth studio album, Little Broken Hearts was released on April 27, 2012.
Jones has won nine Grammy Awards and was Billboard magazine's 60th-best-selling music artist of the 2000–2009 decade.[7] Throughout her career, Jones has won numerous awards and has sold over 40 million albums worldwide.[8] Billboard named her the top jazz artist of the 2000–2009 decade, establishing herself as one of the best-selling artists of her time.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York to Indian sitar player Ravi Shankar and American concert producer Sue Jones.[5] After her parents' separation in 1986, Jones spent her childhood with her mother in the Fort Worth suburb of Grapevine, Texas. She attended Colleyville Middle School and Grapevine High School before transferring to Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in Dallas. While in high school, Jones sang in the school choir, participated in band and played the alto saxophone. At the age of sixteen, with her parents' consent, she officially changed her name to Norah Jones.[1][9]
Jones always had an affinity for the music of Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among other 'oldies'. She once said, "My mom had this eight-album Billie Holiday set; I picked out one disc that I liked and played that over and over again."
She began singing in church choirs and took piano lessons as a child. She still attends church. She considers herself spiritual and appreciates the rituals of her church but does not consider herself the religious type.[10]
She attended Interlochen Center for the Arts during the summers. While at high school, she won the DownBeat Student Music Awards for Best Jazz Vocalist (twice, in 1996 and 1997) and Best Original Composition (1996).[11]
Jones attended the University of North Texas (UNT), where she majored in jazz piano and sang with the UNT Jazz Singers. During this time, she had a chance meeting with future collaborator Jesse Harris. She gave a ride to a band playing at the university whose members happened to be friends of Harris. He was on a cross-country road-trip with friend and future Little Willies member, Richard Julian, and stopped to see the band play. After meeting Jones, Harris started sending her lead sheets of his songs. In 1999, she left for New York City. Less than a year later, she started a band with Harris, which made her famous.[12]
Musical career[link]
[edit] 2001–2004: First Sessions and Come Away with Me
Main articles: First Sessions and Come Away with Me
Jones moved to New York City and signed to Blue Note Records, a label owned by EMI Group. The signing came as an indirect result of Jones performing background vocals for singer-songwriter Victoria Williams.[13] Shell White, the wife of Williams' producer JC Hopkins, worked in Blue Note's royalties department and passed Jones's 3-track demo on to the label's president Bruce Lundvall and its A&R Brian Bacchus. The demo featured two jazz standards and a song by Jesse Harris.[13] Lundvall and Bacchus immediately agreed Jones had great potential and although initially unsure about what direction her music would follow, particularly since Blue Note was a jazz label, they nevertheless decided to sign Jones. Bacchus told HitQuarters: "We let her find her own direction ... We knew that if she could develop her songwriting and we could find great songs, it would work."[13]
Jones was first teamed up with experienced producer and engineer Jay Newland. Bacchus thought that Newland's experience in jazz, blues, rock, country and folk would give him a "feeling for her sound".[13] Together they cut around nine demo tracks, of which six formed her debut Blue Note release, the sampler First Sessions, while the rest were set aside for her debut album.[13] "First Sessions" was released in 2001.
Jones was a lounge singer before becoming a recording artist.[14] Prior to releasing her first album, she performed with Wax Poetic, Peter Malick and jazz guitarist Charlie Hunter.[15][16][17]
Released in February 2002 debut album, Jones' Come Away with Me, was celebrated for its blending of mellow, acoustic pop with soul and jazz. Debuting at #139, it reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard 200. The single "Don't Know Why" hit #1 on the Top 40 Adult Recurrents in 2003 and #30 in the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart.
In 2003, she won five Grammy Awards, which were Best New Artist, Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album for the album and Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the single "Don't Know Why" at the 45th Grammy Awards. This matched the record for most Grammy wins by a female artist in a single night (tying with Lauryn Hill and Alicia Keys). That night, Jesse Harris won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for composing "Don't Know Why", Arif Mardin won Producer of the Year, primarily for his work on Come Away With Me, and the album also received the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical.[5][6]
The album received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America on August 22, 2002, and went on to become a diamond album on February 15, 2005.[18] It remains Blue Note's biggest-selling album.[5]
[edit] 2004–2006: Feels Like Home and collaboration with Ray Charles
Main article: Feels Like Home (Norah Jones album)
Jones released her second album, Feels Like Home, on February 9, 2004. It was influenced by country music. Within a week of its release, Feels Like Home had sold over a million copies. It sold 4 million copies in the United States and reached quadruple Platinum status, selling ten million copies worldwide. Jones toured globally, promoting the album with the Handsome Band, and backing singer Daru Oda.
Time magazine included Jones on the Time 100, a list of the most influential people of 2004.[19] The album debuted at number one in at least 16 countries around the world.[20]
In 2005, at the 47th Grammy Awards, Feels Like Home was nominated for three Grammys. It won for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Sunrise", and had nominations for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Country Collaboration with Vocals for her duet with Dolly Parton, "Creepin 'In".[21]
She won two more Grammy Awards that year, for Record of the Year and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for her collaboration with Ray Charles, "Here We Go Again", which was the first track on Charles' last album, Genius Loves Company. Genius Loves Company won the Album of the Year award.[22]
[edit] 2007–2008: Not Too Late and Film debut
Main article: Not Too Late
Jones released her third album, Not Too Late, on January 30, 2007. The album was her first for which she wrote or co-wrote every song, and according to her, some of them are much darker than those on her previous albums.[23] Not Too Late was mostly recorded at Jones's home studio and is her first album without producer Arif Mardin, who had died in the summer of 2006. Jones described the sessions as "fun, relaxed and easy" and without a deadline; Blue Note executives reportedly did not know she was recording an album. The song "My Dear Country" is political commentary; she wrote it before the United States Presidential election day in 2004.
Not Too Late reached the #1 position in twenty countries. Not Too Late had the third-best first week of sales in 2007, behind Avril Lavigne's The Best Damn Thing and Linkin Park's Minutes to Midnight. It reached #1 in the U.S., selling 405,000 copies. EMI announced that Not Too Late reached gold, platinum or multi-platinum in 21 countries as of February 2007.[24] The album has sold 4 million copies worldwide.
By 2007, Jones had sold over 36 million albums worldwide.[citation needed]
Jones made her film debut in 2007 in the romance/drama film My Blueberry Nights, directed by Wong Kar Wai, co-starring Jude Law, David Strathairn, Rachel Weisz and Natalie Portman. Jones as Elizabeth is a young woman who goes on a soul-searching journey across America to resolve her questions about love, and finds along the way a series of curious characters. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007 and United States in April 2008, It went on to gross more than $21,967,587 worldwide.[citation needed]
[edit] 2009–2011: The Fall and ...Featuring
File:Norahjonesongma.jpg
Norah Jones performing on an electric piano in 2010.
Main article: The Fall (Norah Jones album)
Jones's fourth studio album, The Fall, debuted at number three in November 2009, selling 180,000 copies in its first week. It was Jones's first album to not reach #1 in the United States. The album received critical acclaim.[25] As part of the promotional drive for the album, she performed on Dancing with the Stars, Late Show with David Letterman, Good Morning America and other television programs.
"The Fall," featured the Saint Bernard, Ben, on the cover.
The album's lead single, "Chasing Pirates", peaked at #13 on Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and #7 on Jazz Songs.
Billboard's 2000–2009 decade awards ranked her as the top Jazz recording artist, at #60 best Artist. Come Away With Me was elected the #4 album and #1 jazz album. Jones earned a platinum certification by the RIAA for sales of 1 million copies of The Fall. The album sold 1.5 million copies worldwide and was certified gold or platinum in 14 countries as of 2010. "Baby, It's Cold Outside", a duet with Willie Nelson, was nominated in the Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals category.
Her fourth world tour began March 5, 2010.
Jones released ...Featuring, a compilation album of collaborations she has done with well-known musicians, including the Foo Fighters, Willie Nelson, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Outkast, Q-Tip, Talib Kweli, Belle and Sebastian, Ray Charles, Ryan Adams, Dolly Parton, Herbie Hancock, M. Ward, and others. Jones said, “It's so exciting and flattering and fun when I get asked to sing with somebody that I admire...It takes you a little bit out of your comfort zone when you're doing something with another artist. You don't know what to expect—it's kind of like being a little kid and having a playdate.” The 18-track Blue Note disc was released on November 16, 2010.[26]
Jones recorded a Christmas duet Home for the Holidays[disambiguation needed 
] with Cyndi Lauper.
[edit] 2012–present: Little Broken Hearts
After working with Danger Mouse and Daniele Luppi on some of the tracks of their album, Rome, Jones teamed up with Danger Mouse for her fifth studio album Little Broken Hearts, which was released on May 1, 2012.[27] Jones played the album at SXSW 2012 in its entirety.[28] American Songwriter has referred to Little Broken Hearts as the "most dramatic and rewarding departure she’s made in her career."[29]
Additional projects and collaborations[link]
Jones and jazz guitarist Charlie Hunter covered the Roxy Music song More Than This for Hunter's 2001 album Songs from the Analog Playground.[30]
Jones made a cameo appearance as herself in the 2002 movie Two Weeks Notice which starred Hugh Grant and Sandra Bullock. The film shows her briefly at the piano, singing for a charity benefit.[31]
Jones appears on the track "Ruler of My Heart" (a cover of an Irma Thomas song), on the 2002 Dirty Dozen Brass Band album, Medicated Magic.[32]
In the latter part of 2003, rumors emerged that veteran Indian filmmaker Dev Anand was planning to make the film Song of Life, inspired by Jones's troubled relationship with her father, Ravi Shankar. Both Jones and Shankar were enraged by the rumors. Jones commented, "[Anand] has no idea of our story, and he's not going to represent it in a truthful way, I'm sure. It's sad because it's personal stuff and nobody's business but ours."[5]
Jones appeared on OutKast's Speakerboxxx/The Love Below album, on "Take Off Your Cool". This album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year (Jones was not credited).
Jones appeared in the 2004 special Sesame Street Presents: The Street We Live On.[33]
Jones appeared on Ray Charles' final album, Genius Loves Company, in 2004, on "Here We Go Again".
Jones formed The Little Willies in 2003 alongside Richard Julian on vocals, Jim Campilongo on guitar, Lee Alexander on bass, and Dan Rieser on drums. The alt country band released its eponymous first album in 2006 and a sophomore set, "For the Good Times" in 2012.[34]
Jones has done three Grammy-nominated duets with Willie Nelson: "Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want To Get Over You)" in 2003,[35] "Dreams Come True" in 2005[36] and "Baby, It's Cold Outside" in 2009.[37]
In 2005, Jones appeared on the Foo Fighters' album In Your Honor, performing piano and vocals on the song "Virginia Moon".[38] The track was nominated for a Grammy for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, in 2006.
Jones appeared on Ryan Adams' & The Cardinals' 2005 album, Jacksonville City Nights on the track, which she co-wrote with Adams, "Dear John".[39]
Jones worked with Mike Patton in 2006 providing vocals on the track "Sucker" on the Peeping Tom project. The song attracted attention as it was the first time Jones used profanity in a recording.[40]
In 2007, Jones made her acting debut as the protagonist in a film directed by Wong Kar-wai. The film, My Blueberry Nights, opened for the 2007 Cannes Film Festival as one of the 22 films in competition.[41] She wrote and performed a song, "The Story", for the movie.[42]
In January 2007, Jones recorded a live session at Abbey Road Studios for Live from Abbey Road. The episode, on which John Mayer and Richard Ashcroft also appeared, was aired on UK Channel 4 and on the Sundance Channel. She appeared twice on the PBS series Austin City Limits, on November 2, 2002 and October 6, 2007. The latter appearance was the season opener.
In a change of direction predating The Fall, Jones (referring to herself as "Maddie" and virtually anonymous in a blond wig) sang and played guitar with rock band El Madmo. The band consists of Jones, Daru Oda and Richard Julian and released an eponymous album on May 20, 2007.[43]
Jones appears in Herbie Hancock's 2007 release River: The Joni Letters singing the first track, "Court and Spark". This album won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 50th Grammy Awards in 2008; Jones was credited as a featured artist, her ninth Grammy win.[44]
Jones appeared on the comedy track "Dreamgirl", on the 2009 debut album from The Lonely Island, Incredibad (featuring SNL performer Andy Samberg).[45]
In 2008, Jones made another appearance in hip hop with an appearance on a track named "Life Is Better", on the critically acclaimed album The Renaissance by rapper Q-tip.[46]
In 2009, Jones made a cameo appearance in the independent film, Wah Do Dem,[47] co-starring Sean Bones and written by Ben Chace and Sam Fleischner.
Jones was a judge for the 5th annual Independent Music Awards, supporting independent artists' careers.[48]
In 2010, Jones contributed "World of Trouble" to the Enough Project and Downtown Records' Raise Hope for Congo compilation. Proceeds from the compilation fund efforts to make the protection and empowerment of Congo’s women a priority, as well as inspire individuals around the world to raise their voice for peace in Congo.[citation needed]
For the documentary Wretchers and Jabbers, Jones contributed a song on the soundtrack, "A Change is Gonna Come".
In 2011, Jones provided vocals to the songs "Season's Trees", "Black" and "Problem Queen" on the album Rome by Danger Mouse and Daniele Luppi.[49]
Jones collaborated with "Family Guy" celebrity Seth MacFarlane on his Grammy-nominated 2011 debut studio album "Music Is Better Than Words" on the song "Two Sleepy People".
In 2011, Jones appeared on Duets II by Tony Bennett on the track Speak Low.
Jones sang "It Came Upon Midnight Clear", "Silent Night", and "Pooping Log (Caga Tió)" on the Holiday Special 2011 of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations.[50]
Jones also played piano and vocals on numerous tracks on Ryan Adams' 2011 studio album Ashes & Fire.
Hank Williams project[link]
Jones is one of the participants in the so-called 'Hank Williams Project' overseen by Bob Dylan, and reportedly including contributions from Willie Nelson, Jack White, Lucinda Williams, and Alan Jackson.[51][52][53] On March 31, 2008, Jones commemorated the 10th anniversary of The Living Room with a midnight performance at the intimate Manhattan music venue where the singer got her start. She played a new song titled "How Many Times Have You Broken My Heart" and explained that it originated from newly-found Hank Williams lyrics she was asked to put to music.[52] Jones also performed the song in late 2008 on Elvis Costello's talk/music television series, Spectacle: Elvis Costello with...[54][55][56]
Tours[link]
Main article: Norah Jones concert tours
Throughout 2002 and 2003, Jones appeared on stages globally, on her first tour with the Handsome Band, travelling throughout Asia, America, Europe and Oceania, with numerous sold-out concerts and critical acclaim. Jones tour to promote her third album, Not Too Late, began in Wallingford, Connecticut, on April 13, 2007, and featured a free concert in New York City on July 6, 2007.The European phase began on July 9, 2007 in Paris, concluding in Reykjavík, Iceland on September 2, 2007.[57] Jones and band play typically several album hits, modified with guitar solos and additional percussion. Additionally, shows may also feature several covers of country, jazz, blues, or folk songs, ranging from the ubiquitous to the obscure. Artists covered have included, among others, Willie Nelson, Gram Parsons, Johnny Cash, John Prine, Randy Newman, Patsy Cline, Elvis Presley, and Tom Waits.
Jones worked with Reverb, a non-profit environmental organization, for her 2007 summer tour.[58] She also performed at Bryant Park on July 6 as part of Good Morning America's Summer Concert Series.[59]
- 2002/2004: Come Away with Me Tour
- 2004/2005: Norah Jones & The Handsome Band Tour
- 2007/2008: Not Too Late Tour
- 2010: The Fall Tour
Special appearances[link]
- On September 9, 2009, Jones performed the songs Come Away With Me and Young Blood at the end of the Apple Inc.'s 'It's Only Rock and Roll' press conference in San Francisco, for the release of iTunes 9 and video camera-equipped iPods, among other items.[60]
- She appeared on Sesame Street performing alongside Elmo to the song "Don't Know Why".[61]
- On May 14, 2009, Jones made a guest appearance and performed with many other music icons on the season finale of the NBC series 30 Rock.[62]
- Jones sang "Maybe I'm Amazed" with Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters at the Kennedy Center Honors Paul McCartney concert with Paul in attendance. December 28, 2010.
- As a tribute to Steve Jobs, Norah Jones appeared on the Apple Campus October 19, 2011, performing her songs "Nearness of You" and "Painter Song." She finished her live, three song set by performing "Forever young," by Bob Dylan in honor of Steve, because "I know he liked Bob Dylan.".[63]
- On November 16, 2011, Jones sang 'America the Beautiful' at the Congressional Gold Medal ceremony for astronauts Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and John Glenn.[64]
- On May 2, 2012 Jones performed "Happy Pills" on Late Show With David Letterman.
Personal life[link]
Jones was in a long-term relationship with Lee Alexander[65] from 2000 until they split at Christmas 2007.[66]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002–2004 | Saturday Night Live | Herself / Musical Guest | "Robert De Niro/Norah Jones" (Season 28, Episode 7) "Colin Firth/Norah Jones" (Season 29, Episode 14) |
| 2002 | Two Weeks Notice | Herself | Cameo |
| 2003 | Dolly Parton: Platinum Blonde | Herself | Cameo / TV documentary |
| 2003 | 100% NYC: Tribeca Film Festival | Herself | Cameo / TV documentary |
| 2004 | Sesame Street | Herself | "Snuffy's Invisible, Part 1" (Season 35, Episode 13) |
| 2007 | My Blueberry Nights | Elizabeth (Lizzie/Beth) | Film Debut Nominated - Cannes Film Festival for ZPalme d'Or |
| 2007 | Elvis: Viva Las Vegas | Herself | Cameo / TV documentary |
| 2008 | Life. Support. Music. | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | Wah Do Dem | Willow | |
| 2009 | 30 Rock | Herself | "Kidney Now!" (Season 3, Episode 22) |
| 2009 | Tony Bennett: Duets II | Herself | Cameo / TV movie |
Discography[link]
Main article: Norah Jones discography
- Come Away with Me (2002)
- Feels Like Home (2004)
- Not Too Late (2007)
- The Fall (2009)
- Little Broken Hearts (2012)
Awards[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Norah Jones
See also[link]
 |
Book: Norah Jones |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Fry Street Fire – Norah Jones was an honorary Chairwoman of 'Save Fry Street'
- List of best-selling music artists
References[link]
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- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1289528/bio
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- ^ a b "Gold & Platinum – August 19, 2010". RIAA. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
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- ^ Itzkoff, Dave (2009-05-15). "The Most Important ‘30 Rock’ Clip Ever - ArtsBeat Blog - NYTimes.com". Artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com. http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/15/the-most-important-30-rock-clip-ever/. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
- ^ "Norah Jones and Coldplay Help Apple Celebrate Steve Jobs' Life". MacRumours. http://www.macrumors.com/2011/10/19/norah-jones-and-coldplay-help-apple-celebrate-steve-jobs-life/. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ^ JohnBoehner. "Kanaal van JohnBoehner". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/user/JohnBoehner#p/u/2/OGNRg4_fEiA. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Norah Jones : Lee is my partner in everything". Contact Music. http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/story/norah-jones.-lee-is-my-partner-in-everything. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
- ^ "Norah Jones and Lee Alexander Call it Quits". theinsider.com. http://www.theinsider.com/news/568056_Norah_Jones_breaks_up_with_boyfriend_Lee_Alexander. Retrieved 2009-11-14. [dead link]
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Norah Jones |
Media related to Norah Jones at Wikimedia Commons- Official website
- Norah Jones performs and is interviewed on Radio Happy Hour
- Norah Jones at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jones, Norah |
| Alternative names | Shankar, Geethali Norah Jones |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist |
| Date of birth | March 30, 1979 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| David Bowie | |
|---|---|
 Bowie during the Heathen Tour in 2002. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | David Robert Jones |
| Born | (1947-01-08) 8 January 1947 (age 65) Brixton, London, England |
| Genres | Rock, glam rock, art rock, pop |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, keyboards, harmonica, saxophone, viola, cello, koto, percussion |
| Years active | 1964–2008 |
| Labels | Deram, RCA, Virgin, EMI, ISO, Columbia, BMG, Pye |
| Associated acts | The Riot Squad, Arnold Corns, Tin Machine, The Hype, The Lower Third, The Konrads |
| Website | davidbowie.com |
David Bowie (
/ˈboʊ.i/ BOH-ee;[1] born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s. He is known for his distinctive voice and the intellectual depth and eclecticism of his work.
Bowie first caught the eye and ear of the public in July 1969, when his song "Space Oddity" reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. After a three-year period of experimentation he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with the flamboyant, androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust, spearheaded by the hit single "Starman" and the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie's impact at that time, as described by biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture."[2] The relatively short-lived Ziggy persona proved merely one facet of a career marked by continual reinvention, musical innovation and striking visual presentation.
In 1975, Bowie achieved his first major American crossover success with the number-one single "Fame" and the hit album Young Americans, which the singer characterised as "plastic soul". The sound constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees. He then confounded the expectations of both his record label and his American audiences by recording the minimalist album Low (1977)—the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno over the next two years. The so-called "Berlin Trilogy" albums all reached the UK top five and garnered lasting critical praise.
After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s, Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single "Ashes to Ashes", its parent album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), and "Under Pressure", a 1981 collaboration with Queen. He then reached a new commercial peak in 1983 with Let's Dance, which yielded several hit singles. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles, including blue-eyed soul, industrial, adult contemporary, and jungle. His last recorded album was Reality (2003), which was supported by the 2003–04 Reality Tour.
Buckley says of Bowie: "His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."[2] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, Bowie was placed at number 29. Throughout his career, he has sold an estimated 140 million albums. In the UK, he has been awarded nine Platinum album certifications, 11 Gold and eight Silver, and in the US, five Platinum and seven Gold certifications. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him 39th on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", and 23rd on their list of the best singers of all-time.
Contents
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Biography[link]
1947–62: early years[link]
David Bowie was born David Robert Jones in Brixton, London, on 8 January 1947. His mother, Margaret Mary "Peggy" (née Burns), of Irish descent,[3] worked as a cinema usherette, while his father, Haywood Stenton "John" Jones was a promotions officer for Barnardo's. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, located near the border of the south London areas of Brixton and Stockwell. A neighbour recalled that "London in the forties was the worst possible place, and the worst possible time for a child to grow up in." Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler.[4][5]
In 1953 the family moved to the suburb of Bromley, where, two years later, Bowie progressed to Burnt Ash Junior School. His voice was considered "adequate" by the school choir, and his recorder playing judged to demonstrate above-average musical ability.[6] At the age of nine, his dancing during the newly introduced music and movement classes was strikingly imaginative: teachers called his interpretations "vividly artistic" and his poise "astonishing" for a child.[6] The same year, his interest in music was further stimulated when his father brought home a collection of American 45s by artists including Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers, The Platters, Fats Domino, Elvis Presley and Little Richard.[7][8] Upon listening to "Tutti Frutti", Bowie would later say, "I had heard God".[9] Presley's impact on him was likewise emphatic: "I saw a cousin of mine dance to ... 'Hound Dog' and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything. It really impressed me, the power of the music. I started getting records immediately after that."[8] By the end of the following year he had taken up the ukelele and tea-chest bass and begun to participate in skiffle sessions with friends, and had started to play the piano; meanwhile his stage presentation of numbers by both Presley and Chuck Berry—complete with gyrations in tribute to the original artists—to his local Wolf Cub group was described as "mesmerizing ... like someone from another planet."[8] Failing his eleven plus exam at the conclusion of his Burnt Ash Junior education, Bowie joined Bromley Technical High School.[10]
It was an unusual technical school, as biographer Christopher Sandford writes:
Despite its status it was, by the time David arrived in 1958, as rich in arcane ritual as any [English] public school. There were houses, named after eighteenth-century statesmen like Pitt and Wilberforce. There was a uniform, and an elaborate system of rewards and punishments. There was also an accent on languages, science and particularly design, where a collegiate atmosphere flourished under the tutorship of Owen Frampton. In David's account, Frampton led through force of personality, not intellect; his colleagues at Bromley Tech were famous for neither, and yielded the school's most gifted pupils to the arts, a regime so liberal that Frampton actively encouraged his own son, Peter, to pursue a musical career with David, a partnership briefly intact thirty years later.[10]
Bowie studied art, music, and design, including layout and typesetting. After Terry Burns, his half-brother, introduced him to modern jazz, his enthusiasm for players like Charles Mingus and John Coltrane led his mother to give him a plastic alto saxophone in 1961; he was soon receiving lessons from a local musician.[11]
In 1962, George Underwood injured Bowie's eye in a fight over a girl. Bowie owes his unusual eyes to the fact that not all the damage could be surgically repaired. Despite their fisticuffs, Underwood and Bowie remained good friends, and Underwood went on to create the artwork for Bowie's early albums.[12]
Eyes[link]
Bowie received a serious injury at school in 1962 when his friend George Underwood, while wearing a ring on his finger, punched him in the left eye during a fight over a girl. Doctors feared he would become blind in that eye. After a series of operations during a four-month hospitalisation,[13] his doctors determined that the damage could not be fully repaired and Bowie was left with faulty depth perception and a permanently dilated pupil. The latter condition has misled some to believe that Bowie has different coloured eyes, when in reality both irises are the same blue colour. [14]
1962–68: the Konrads to the Riot Squad[link]
Graduating from his plastic saxophone to a real instrument in 1962, Bowie formed his first band at the age of 15. Playing guitar-based rock and roll at local youth gatherings and weddings, the Konrads had a varying line-up of between four and eight members, Underwood among them.[15] When Bowie left the technical school the following year, he informed his parents of his intention to become a pop star. His mother promptly arranged his employment as an electrician's mate. Frustrated by his band-mates' limited aspirations, Bowie left the Konrads and joined another band, the King Bees. He wrote to the newly successful washing-machine entrepreneur John Bloom inviting him to "do for us what Brian Epstein has done for the Beatles—and make another million." Bloom did not respond to the offer, but his referral to Dick James's partner Leslie Conn led to Bowie's first personal management contract.[16]
Conn quickly began to promote Bowie. The singer's debut single, "Liza Jane", credited to Davie Jones and the King Bees, had no commercial success. Dissatisfied with the King Bees and their repertoire of Howlin' Wolf and Willie Dixon blues numbers, Bowie quit the band less than a month later to join the Manish Boys, another blues outfit, who incorporated folk and soul — "I used to dream of being their Mick Jagger", Bowie was to recall.[16] "I Pity the Fool" was no more successful than "Liza Jane", and Bowie soon moved on again to join the Lower Third, a blues trio strongly influenced by The Who. "You've Got a Habit of Leaving" fared no better, signalling the end of Conn's contract. Declaring that he would exit the pop world "to study mime at Sadler's Wells", Bowie nevertheless remained with the Lower Third. His new manager, Ralph Horton, later instrumental in his transition to solo artist, soon witnessed Bowie's move to yet another group, the Buzz, yielding the singer's fifth unsuccessful single release, "Do Anything You Say". While with the Buzz, Bowie also joined the Riot Squad; their recordings, which included a Bowie number and Velvet Underground material, went unreleased. Ken Pitt, introduced by Horton, took over as Bowie's manager.[17]
Dissatisfied with his stage name as Davy (and Davie) Jones, which in the mid-1960s invited confusion with Davy Jones of The Monkees, Bowie renamed himself after the 19th century American frontiersman Jim Bowie and the knife he had popularised.[18] His April 1967 solo single, "The Laughing Gnome", utilising sped-up Chipmunk-style vocals, failed to chart. Released six weeks later, his album debut, David Bowie, an amalgam of pop, psychedelia, and music hall, met the same fate. It would be his last release for two years.[19]
Bowie's fascination with the bizarre was fuelled when he met dancer Lindsay Kemp: "He lived on his emotions, he was a wonderful influence. His day-to-day life was the most theatrical thing I had ever seen, ever. It was everything I thought Bohemia probably was. I joined the circus."[20] Kemp, for his part, recalled, "I didn't really teach him to be a mime artiste but to be more of himself on the outside, ... I enabled him to free the angel and demon that he is on the inside."[20] Studying the dramatic arts under Kemp, from avant-garde theatre and mime to commedia dell'arte, Bowie became immersed in the creation of personae to present to the world. Satirising life in a British prison, meanwhile, the Bowie-penned "Over the Wall We Go" became a 1967 single for Oscar; another Bowie composition, "Silly Boy Blue", was released by Billy Fury the following year.[21] After Kemp cast Bowie with Hermione Farthingale for a poetic minuet, the pair began dating; they soon moved into a London flat together. Playing acoustic guitar, she formed a group with Bowie and bassist John Hutchinson; between September 1968 and early 1969, when Bowie and Farthingale broke up, the trio gave a small number of concerts combining folk, Merseybeat, poetry and mime.[22]
1969–73: psychedelic folk to glam rock[link]
[edit] Space Oddity to Hunky Dory
Because of his lack of commercial success, Bowie was forced to try to earn a living in different ways. He featured in a Lyons Maid ice cream commercial, but was rejected for another by Kit Kat.[23] Intended as a vehicle to promote the singer, a 30-minute film featuring performances from his repertoire, Love You till Tuesday, was made. Although not released until 1984, the filming sessions in January 1969 led to unexpected success when Bowie told the producers, "That film of yours—I've got a new song for it." He then demoed the song that would provide his commercial breakthrough. "Space Oddity" was released later in the year to coincide with the first moon landing.[23] Breaking up with Farthingale shortly after completion of the film, Bowie moved in with Mary Finnigan as her lodger.[24] Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.[24] This soon morphed into the Beckenham Arts Lab, and became extremely popular. The Arts Lab hosted a free festival in a local park, later immortalised by Bowie in his song "Memory of a Free Festival".[25] "Space Oddity" was released on 11 July, five days ahead of the Apollo 11 launch, to become a UK top five hit. Bowie's second album, Space Oddity, followed in November; originally issued in the UK as David Bowie, it caused some confusion with its predecessor of the same name, and the early US release was instead titled Man of Words/Man of Music. Featuring philosophical post-hippie lyrics on peace, love and morality, its acoustic folk rock occasionally fortified by harder rock, the album was not a commercial success at the time of its release.[26]
Bowie met Angela Barnett in April 1969. They would marry within a year. Her impact on him was immediate, and her involvement in his career far-reaching, leaving Pitt with limited influence.[27] Having established himself as a solo artist with "Space Oddity", Bowie now began to sense a lack: "a full-time band for gigs and recording—people he could relate to personally".[28] The shortcoming was underlined by his artistic rivalry with Marc Bolan, who was at the time acting as his session guitarist.[28] A band was duly assembled. John Cambridge, a drummer Bowie met at the Arts Lab, was joined by Tony Visconti on bass and Mick Ronson on electric guitar. Known as The Hype, the band members created characters for themselves and wore elaborate costumes that prefigured the glam style of The Spiders From Mars. After a disastrous opening gig at the London Roundhouse, they reverted to a configuration presenting Bowie as a solo artist.[28][29] Their initial studio work was marred by a heated disagreement between Bowie and Cambridge over the latter's drumming style; matters came to a head when Bowie, enraged, accused, "You're fucking up my album." Cambridge summarily quit and was replaced by Mick Woodmansey.[30] Not long after, in a move that would result in years of litigation, at the conclusion of which Bowie would be forced to pay Pitt compensation, the singer fired his manager, replacing him with Tony Defries.[30]
The studio sessions continued and resulted in Bowie's third album, The Man Who Sold the World (1970). Characterised by the heavy rock sound of his new backing band, it was a marked departure from the acoustic guitar and folk rock style established by Space Oddity. To promote it in the United States, Mercury Records financed a coast-to-coast publicity tour in which Bowie, between January and February 1971, was interviewed by radio stations and the media. Exploiting his androgynous appearance, the original cover of the UK version unveiled two months later would depict the singer wearing a dress: taking the garment with him, he wore it during interviews—to the approval of critics, including Rolling Stone's John Mendelsohn who described him as "ravishing, almost disconcertingly reminiscent of Lauren Bacall"—and in the street, to mixed reaction including laughter and, in the case of one male pedestrian, producing a gun and telling Bowie to "kiss my ass".[31][32] During the tour Bowie's observation of two seminal American proto-punk artists led him to develop a concept that would eventually find form in the Ziggy Stardust character: a melding of the persona of Iggy Pop with the music of Lou Reed, producing "the ultimate pop idol".[31] A girlfriend recalled his "scrawling notes on a cocktail napkin about a crazy rock star named Iggy or Ziggy", and on his return to England he declared his intention to create a character "who looks like he's landed from Mars".[31]
Hunky Dory (1971) found Visconti, Bowie's producer and bassist, supplanted in both roles, by Ken Scott and Trevor Bolder respectively. The album saw the partial return of the fey pop singer of "Space Oddity", with light fare such as "Kooks", a song written for his son, Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones, born on 30 May.[33] (His parents chose "his kooky name"—he would be known as Zowie for the next 12 years—after the Greek word zoe, life.)[34] Elsewhere, the album explored more serious themes, and found Bowie paying unusually direct homage to his influences with "Song for Bob Dylan", "Andy Warhol", and "Queen Bitch", a Velvet Underground pastiche. It was not a significant commercial success at the time[35] but was ranked No.16 by voters in the All Time Top 1000 Albums.
[edit] Ziggy Stardust
With his next venture, Bowie, in the words of biographer David Buckley, "challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day" and "created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture".[2] Dressed in a striking costume, his hair dyed red, Bowie launched his Ziggy Stardust stage show with the Spiders from Mars—Ronson, Bolder and Woodmansey—at the Toby Jug pub in Tolworth on 10 February 1972.[36] The show was hugely popular, catapulting him to stardom as he toured the UK over the course of the next six months and creating, as described by Buckley, a "cult of Bowie" that was "unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom."[36] The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972), combining the hard rock elements of The Man Who Sold the World with the lighter experimental rock and pop of Hunky Dory, was released in June. "Starman", issued as an April single ahead of the album, was to cement Bowie's UK breakthrough: both single and album charted rapidly following his July Top of the Pops performance of the song. The album, which would remain in the chart for two years, was soon joined there by the six-month-old Hunky Dory. At the same time the non-album single "John, I’m Only Dancing", and "All the Young Dudes", a song he wrote and produced for Mott the Hoople, became UK hits. The Ziggy Stardust Tour continued to the United States.[37]
Bowie contributed backing vocals to Lou Reed's 1972 solo breakthrough Transformer, co-producing the album with Mick Ronson.[38] His own Aladdin Sane (1973) topped the UK chart, his first number one album. Described by Bowie as "Ziggy goes to America", it contained songs he wrote while travelling to and across the United States during the earlier part of the Ziggy tour, which now continued to Japan to promote the new album. Aladdin Sane spawned the UK top five singles "The Jean Genie" and "Drive-In Saturday".[39][40]
Bowie's love of acting led his total immersion in the characters he created for his music. "Offstage I'm a robot. Onstage I achieve emotion. It's probably why I prefer dressing up as Ziggy to being David." With satisfaction came severe personal difficulties: acting the same role over an extended period, it became impossible for him to separate Ziggy Stardust—and, later, the Thin White Duke—from his own character offstage. Ziggy, Bowie said, "wouldn't leave me alone for years. That was when it all started to go sour ... My whole personality was affected. It became very dangerous. I really did have doubts about my sanity."[41] His later Ziggy shows, which included songs from both Ziggy Stardust and Aladdin Sane, were ultra-theatrical affairs filled with shocking stage moments, such as Bowie stripping down to a sumo wrestling loincloth or simulating oral sex with Ronson's guitar.[42] Bowie toured and gave press conferences as Ziggy before a dramatic and abrupt on-stage "retirement" at London's Hammersmith Odeon on 3 July 1973. Footage from the final show was released in 1983 for the film Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.[43]
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Sample of "Ziggy Stardust" (1972). A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie performed as the character Ziggy Stardust, backed by The Spiders from Mars.
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After breaking up the Spiders from Mars, Bowie attempted to move on from his Ziggy persona. His back catalogue was now highly sought: The Man Who Sold the World had been re-released in 1972 along with Space Oddity. "Life on Mars?", from Hunky Dory, was released in June 1973 and made number three in the UK singles chart. Entering the same chart in September, Bowie's novelty record from 1967, "The Laughing Gnome", would reach number four.[44] Pin Ups, a collection of covers of his 1960s favourites, followed in October, producing a UK number three hit in "Sorrow" and itself peaking at number one, making David Bowie the best-selling act of 1973 in the UK. It brought the total number of Bowie albums currently in the UK chart to six.[45]
1974–76: soul, funk and the Thin White Duke[link]
Bowie moved to the United States in 1974, initially staying in New York City before settling in Los Angeles.[46] Diamond Dogs (1974), parts of which found him heading towards soul and funk, was the product of two distinct ideas: a musical based on a wild future in a post-apocalyptic city, and setting George Orwell's 1984 to music.[47] The album went to number one in the UK, spawning the hits "Rebel Rebel" and "Diamond Dogs", and number five in the US. To promote it, Bowie launched the Diamond Dogs Tour, visiting cities in North America between June and December 1974. Choreographed by Toni Basil, and lavishly produced with theatrical special effects, the high-budget stage production was filmed by Alan Yentob. The resulting documentary, Cracked Actor, featured a pasty and emaciated Bowie: the tour coincided with the singer's slide from heavy cocaine use into addiction, producing severe physical debilitation, paranoia and emotional problems.[48] He later commented that the accompanying live album, David Live, ought to have been titled "David Bowie Is Alive and Well and Living Only In Theory". David Live nevertheless solidified Bowie's status as a superstar, charting at number two in the UK and number eight in the US. It also spawned a UK number ten hit in Bowie's cover of "Knock on Wood". After a break in Philadelphia, where Bowie recorded new material, the tour resumed with a new emphasis on soul.[49]
The fruit of the Philadelphia recording sessions was Young Americans (1975). Biographer Christopher Sandford writes, "Over the years, most British rockers had tried, one way or another, to become black-by-extension. Few had succeeded as Bowie did now."[50] The album's sound, which the singer identified as "plastic soul", constituted a radical shift in style that initially alienated many of his UK devotees.[51] Young Americans yielded Bowie's first US number one, "Fame", co-written with John Lennon, who contributed backing vocals, and Carlos Alomar. Lennon would call Bowie's work as "great, but just rock and roll with lipstick on".[52] Earning the distinction of being one of the first white artists to appear on the US variety show Soul Train, Bowie mimed "Fame", as well as "Golden Years", his November single,[53] that it was offered to Elvis Presley to perform, but Presley declined it.[53] Young Americans was a commercial success in both the US and the UK, and a re-issue of the 1969 single "Space Oddity" became Bowie's first number one hit in the UK a few months after "Fame" achieved the same in the US.[54] Despite his by now well established superstardom, Bowie, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "for all his record sales (over a million copies of Ziggy Stardust alone), existed essentially on loose change."[55] In 1975, in a move echoing Ken Pitt's acrimonious dismissal five years earlier, Bowie fired his manager. At the culmination of the ensuing months-long legal dispute, he watched, as described by Sandford, "millions of dollars of his future earnings being surrendered" in what were "uniquely generous terms for Defries", then "shut himself up in West 20th Street, where for a week his howls could be heard through the locked attic door."[55] Michael Lippman, Bowie's lawyer during the negotiations, became his new manager; Lippman in turn would be awarded substantial compensation when Bowie fired him the following year.[56]
Station to Station (1976) introduced a new Bowie persona, the "Thin White Duke" of its title track. Visually, the character was an extension of Thomas Jerome Newton, the extraterrestrial being he portrayed in the film The Man Who Fell to Earth the same year.[57] Developing the funk and soul of Young Americans, Station to Station also prefigured the Krautrock and synthesiser music of his next releases. The extent to which drug addiction was now affecting Bowie was made public when Russell Harty interviewed the singer for his London Weekend Television talk show in anticipation of the album's supporting tour. Shortly before the satellite-linked interview was scheduled to commence, the death of the Spanish dictator General Franco was announced. Bowie was asked to relinquish the satellite booking, to allow the Spanish Government to put out a live newsfeed. This he refused to do, and his interview went ahead. In the ensuing conversation with Harty, as described by biographer David Buckley, "the singer made hardly any sense at all throughout what was quite an extensive interview. [...] Bowie looked completely disconnected and was hardly able to utter a coherent sentence."[58] His sanity—by his own later admission—had become twisted from cocaine; he overdosed several times during the year, and was withering physically to an alarming degree.[48][59]
Station to Station's January 1976 release was followed in February by a three-and-a-half-month concert tour of Europe and North America. Featuring a starkly lit set, the Isolar – 1976 Tour highlighted songs from the album, including the dramatic and lengthy title track, the ballads "Wild Is the Wind" and "Word on a Wing", and the funkier "TVC 15" and "Stay". The core band that coalesced around this album and tour—rhythm guitarist Alomar, bassist George Murray, and drummer Dennis Davis—would continue as a stable unit for the remainder of the 1970s. The tour was highly successful but mired in political controversy. Bowie was quoted in Stockholm as saying that "Britain could benefit from a Fascist leader", and was detained by customs on the Russian/Polish border for possessing Nazi paraphernalia.[60] Matters came to a head in London in May in what became known as the "Victoria Station incident". Arriving in an open-top Mercedes convertible, the singer waved to the crowd in a gesture that some alleged was a Nazi salute, which was captured on camera and published in NME. Bowie said the photographer simply caught him in mid-wave.[61] He later blamed his pro-Fascism comments and his behaviour during the period on his addictions and the character of the Thin White Duke.[62] "I was out of my mind, totally crazed. The main thing I was functioning on was mythology ... that whole thing about Hitler and Rightism ... I'd discovered King Arthur ...".[59] According to playwright Alan Franks, writing later in The Times, "he was indeed 'deranged'. He had some very bad experiences with hard drugs."[63]
1976–79: the Berlin era[link]
Bowie moved to Switzerland in 1976, purchasing a chalet in the hills to the north of Lake Geneva. In the new environment, his cocaine use increased; so too did his interest in pursuits outside his musical career. He took up painting, and produced a number of post-modernist pieces. When on tour, he took to sketching in a notebook, and photographing scenes for later reference. Visiting galleries in Geneva and the Brücke Museum in Berlin, Bowie became, in the words of biographer Christopher Sandford, "a prolific producer and collector of contemporary art. [...] Not only did he become a well-known patron of expressionist art: locked in Clos des Mésanges he began an intensive self-improvement course in classical music and literature, and started work on an autobiography".[64]
Before the end of 1976, Bowie's interest in the burgeoning German music scene, as well as his drug addiction, prompted him to move to West Berlin to clean up and revitalise his career. Working with Brian Eno while sharing an apartment in Schöneberg with Iggy Pop, he began to focus on minimalist, ambient music for the first of three albums, co-produced with Tony Visconti, that would become known as his Berlin Trilogy.[65] During the same period, Iggy Pop, with Bowie as a co-writer and musician, completed his solo album debut, The Idiot, and its follow-up, Lust for Life, touring the UK, Europe, and the US in March and April 1977.[66] Low (1977), partly influenced by the Krautrock sound of Kraftwerk and Neu!, evidenced a move away from narration in Bowie's songwriting to a more abstract musical form in which lyrics were sporadic and optional. It received considerable negative criticism upon its release—a release which RCA, anxious to maintain the established commercial momentum, did not welcome, and which Bowie's ex-manager, Tony Defries, who still maintained a significant financial interest in the singer's affairs, tried to prevent. Despite these forebodings, Low yielded the UK number three single "Sound and Vision", and its own performance surpassed that of Station to Station in the UK chart, where it reached number two. Leading contemporary composer Philip Glass described Low as "a work of genius" in 1992, when he used it as the basis for his Symphony No. 1 "Low"; subsequently, Glass used Bowie's next album as the basis for his 1996 Symphony No. 4 "Heroes".[67][68] Glass has praised Bowie's gift for creating "fairly complex pieces of music, masquerading as simple pieces".[69]
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Sample of "Heroes" (1977). One of the ambient rock songs to emerge from Bowie's Berlin Trilogy era, "Heroes" gained lasting popularity.
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Echoing Low's minimalist, instrumental approach, the second of the trilogy, "Heroes" (1977), incorporated pop and rock to a greater extent, seeing Bowie joined by guitarist Robert Fripp. Like Low, "Heroes" evinced the zeitgeist of the Cold War, symbolised by the divided city of Berlin.[70] Incorporating ambient sounds from a variety of sources including white noise generators, synthesizers and koto, the album was another hit, reaching number three in the UK. Its title track, though only reaching number 24 in the UK singles chart, gained lasting popularity, and within months had been released in both German and French.[71] Towards the end of the year, Bowie performed the song for Marc Bolan's television show Marc, and again two days later for Bing Crosby's televised Christmas special, when he joined Crosby in "Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy", a version of "The Little Drummer Boy" with a new, contrapuntal verse. Five years later, the duet would prove a worldwide seasonal hit, charting in the UK at number three on Christmas Day, 1982.[72]
After completing Low and "Heroes", Bowie spent much of 1978 on the Isolar II world tour, bringing the music of the first two Berlin Trilogy albums to almost a million people during 70 concerts in 12 countries. By now he had broken his drug addiction; biographer David Buckley writes that Isolar II was "Bowie's first tour for five years in which he had probably not anaesthetised himself with copious quantities of cocaine before taking the stage. [...] Without the oblivion that drugs had brought, he was now in a healthy enough mental condition to want to make friends."[73] Recordings from the tour made up the live album Stage, released the same year.[74]
The final piece in what Bowie called his "triptych", Lodger (1979), eschewed the minimalist, ambient nature of the other two, making a partial return to the drum- and guitar-based rock and pop of his pre-Berlin era. The result was a complex mixture of New Wave and World Music, in places incorporating Hejaz non-Western scales. Some tracks were composed using Eno and Peter Schmidt's Oblique Strategies cards: "Boys Keep Swinging" entailed band members swapping instruments, "Move On" used the chords from Bowie's early composition "All the Young Dudes" played backwards, and "Red Money" took backing tracks from "Sister Midnight", a piece previously composed with Iggy Pop.[75] The album was recorded in Switzerland. Ahead of its release, RCA's Mel Ilberman stated, "It would be fair to call it Bowie's Sergeant Pepper [...] a concept album that portrays the Lodger as a homeless wanderer, shunned and victimized by life's pressures and technology." As described by biographer Christopher Sandford, "The record dashed such high hopes with dubious choices, and production that spelt the end—for fifteen years—of Bowie's partnership with Eno." Lodger reached number 4 in the UK and number 20 in the US, and yielded the UK hit singles "Boys Keep Swinging" and "DJ".[76][77] Towards the end of the year, Bowie and Angela initiated divorce proceedings, and after months of court battles the marriage was ended in early 1980.[78]
1980–89: from superstar to megastar[link]
Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980) produced the number one hit "Ashes to Ashes", featuring the textural work of guitar-synthesist Chuck Hammer and revisiting the character of Major Tom from "Space Oddity". The song gave international exposure to the underground New Romantic movement when Bowie visited the London club "Blitz"—the main New Romantic hangout—to recruit several of the regulars (including Steve Strange of the band Visage) to act in the accompanying video, renowned as one of the most innovative of all time.[79] While Scary Monsters utilised principles established by the Berlin albums, it was considered by critics to be far more direct musically and lyrically. The album's hard rock edge included conspicuous guitar contributions from Robert Fripp, Pete Townshend, Chuck Hammer and Tom Verlaine.[80] As "Ashes to Ashes" hit number one on the UK charts, Bowie opened a three-month run on Broadway on 24 September, starring in The Elephant Man.[81] The same year, he made a cameo appearance in the German film Christiane F., a real-life story of teenage drug addiction in 1970s Berlin. The soundtrack, in which Bowie's music featured prominently, was released as Christiane F. a few months later.
Bowie paired with Queen in 1981 for a one-off single release, "Under Pressure". The duet was a hit, becoming Bowie's third UK number one single. Bowie was given the lead role in the BBC's 1981 televised adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's play Baal. Coinciding with its transmission, a five-track EP of songs from the play, recorded earlier in Berlin, was released as David Bowie in Bertolt Brecht's Baal. In March 1982, the month before Paul Schrader's film Cat People came out, Bowie's title song, "Cat People (Putting Out Fire)", was released as a single, becoming a minor US hit and entering the UK top 30.[82]
Bowie reached a new peak of popularity and commercial success in 1983 with Let's Dance. Co-produced by Chic's Nile Rodgers, the album went platinum in both the UK and the US. Its three singles became top twenty hits in both countries, where its title track reached number one. "Modern Love" and "China Girl" made number two in the UK, accompanied by a pair of acclaimed promotional videos that, as described by biographer David Buckley, "were totally absorbing and activated key archetypes in the pop world. 'Let's Dance', with its little narrative surrounding the young Aborigine couple, targeted 'youth', and 'China Girl', with its bare-bummed (and later partially censored) beach lovemaking scene (a homage to the film From Here to Eternity), was sufficiently sexually provocative to guarantee heavy rotation on MTV. By 1983, Bowie had emerged as one of the most important video artists of the day. Let's Dance was followed by the Serious Moonlight Tour, during which Bowie was accompanied by guitarist Earl Slick and backing vocalists Frank and George Simms. The world tour lasted six months and was extremely popular.[83] Stevie Ray Vaughan was guest guitarist playing solo on "Let's Dance".
Tonight (1984), another dance-oriented album, found Bowie collaborating with Tina Turner and, once again, Iggy Pop. It included a number of cover songs, among them the 1966 Beach Boys hit "God Only Knows". The album bore the transatlantic top ten hit "Blue Jean", itself the inspiration for a short film that won Bowie a Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video, "Jazzin' for Blue Jean". Bowie performed at Wembley in 1985 for Live Aid, a multi-venue benefit concert for Ethiopian famine relief. During the event, the video for a fundraising single was premièred, Bowie's duet with Mick Jagger. "Dancing in the Street" quickly went to number one on release. The same year, Bowie worked with the Pat Metheny Group to record "This Is Not America" for the soundtrack of The Falcon and the Snowman. Released as a single, the song became a top 40 hit in the UK and US.[84]
Bowie was given a role in the 1986 film Absolute Beginners. It was poorly received by critics, but Bowie's theme song rose to number two in the UK charts. He also appeared as Jareth, the Goblin King, in the 1986 Jim Henson film Labyrinth, for which he wrote five songs. His final solo album of the decade was 1987's Never Let Me Down, where he ditched the light sound of his previous two albums, instead offering harder rock with an industrial/techno dance edge. Peaking at number six in the UK, the album yielded the hits "Day-In, Day-Out" (his 60th single), "Time Will Crawl", and "Never Let Me Down". Bowie later described it as his "nadir", calling it "an awful album".[85] Supporting Never Let Me Down, and preceded by nine promotional press shows, the 86-concert Glass Spider Tour commenced on 30 May. Bowie's backing band included Peter Frampton on lead guitar. Critics maligned the tour as overproduced, saying it pandered to the current stadium rock trends in its special effects and dancing.[86]
1989–91: Tin Machine[link]
Bowie shelved his solo career in 1989, retreating to the relative anonymity of band membership for the first time since the early 1970s. A hard-rocking quartet, Tin Machine came into being after Bowie began to work experimentally with guitarist Reeves Gabrels. The line-up was completed by Tony and Hunt Sales, whom Bowie had known since the late 1970s for their contribution, on drums and bass respectively, to Iggy Pop's 1977 album Lust For Life.[87]
Though he intended Tin Machine to operate as a democracy, Bowie dominated, both in songwriting and in decision-making.[88] The band's album debut, Tin Machine (1989), was initially popular, though its politicised lyrics did not find universal approval: Bowie described one song as "a simplistic, naive, radical, laying-it-down about the emergence of neo-Nazis"; in the view of biographer Christopher Sandford, "It took nerve to denounce drugs, fascism and TV [...] in terms that reached the literary level of a comic book."[89] EMI complained of "lyrics that preach" as well as "repetitive tunes" and "minimalist or no production".[90] The album nevertheless reached number three in the UK.[89] Tin Machine's first world tour was a commercial success, but there was growing reluctance—among fans and critics alike—to accept Bowie's presentation as merely a band member.[91] A series of Tin Machine singles failed to chart, and Bowie, after a disagreement with EMI, left the label.[92] Like his audience and his critics, Bowie himself became increasingly disaffected with his role as just one member of a band.[93] Tin Machine began work on a second album, but Bowie put the venture on hold and made a return to solo work. Performing his early hits during the seven-month Sound+Vision Tour, he found commercial success and acclaim once again.[94]
In October 1990, a decade after his divorce from Angela, Bowie and Somali-born supermodel Iman were introduced by a mutual friend. Bowie recalled, "I was naming the children the night we met ... it was absolutely immediate." They would marry in 1992.[95] Tin Machine resumed work the same month, but their audience and critics, ultimately left disappointed by the first album, showed little interest in a second. Tin Machine II's arrival was marked by a widely publicised and ill-timed conflict over the cover art: after production had begun, the new record label, Victory, deemed the depiction of four ancient nude Kouroi statues, judged by Bowie to be "in exquisite taste", "a show of wrong, obscene images", requiring air-brushing and patching to render the figures sexless.[96] Tin Machine toured again, but after the live album Tin Machine Live: Oy Vey, Baby failed commercially, the band drifted apart, and Bowie, though he continued to collaborate with Gabrels, resumed his solo career.[97]
1992–99: electronica[link]
In April 1992 Bowie appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, following the Queen frontman's death the previous year. As well as performing "Heroes" and "All the Young Dudes", he was joined on "Under Pressure" by Annie Lennox, who took Mercury's vocal part.[98] Four days later, Bowie and Iman were married in Switzerland. Intending to move to Los Angeles, they flew in to search for a suitable property, but found themselves confined to their hotel, under curfew: the 1992 Los Angeles riots began the day they arrived. They settled in New York instead.[99]
1993 saw the release of Bowie's first solo offering since his Tin Machine departure, the soul, jazz and hip-hop influenced Black Tie White Noise. Making prominent use of electronic instruments, the album, which reunited Bowie with Let's Dance producer Nile Rodgers, confirmed Bowie's return to popularity, hitting the number one spot on the UK charts and spawning three top 40 hits, including the top 10 song "Jump They Say".[100] Bowie explored new directions on The Buddha of Suburbia (1993), a soundtrack album of incidental music composed for the TV series adaptation of Hanif Kureishi's novel. It contained some of the new elements introduced in Black Tie White Noise, and also signalled a move towards alternative rock. The album was a critical success but received a low-key release and only made number 87 in the UK charts.[101]
Reuniting Bowie with Eno, the quasi-industrial Outside (1995) was originally conceived as the first volume in a non-linear narrative of art and murder. Featuring characters from a short story written by Bowie, the album achieved US and UK chart success, and yielded three top 40 UK singles.[102] In a move that provoked mixed reaction from both fans and critics, Bowie chose Nine Inch Nails as his tour partner for the Outside Tour. Visiting cities in Europe and North America between September 1995 and February the following year, the tour saw the return of Gabrels as Bowie's guitarist.[103]
Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.[104] Incorporating experiments in British jungle and drum 'n' bass, Earthling (1997) was a critical and commercial success in the UK and the US, and two singles from the album became UK top 40 hits. Bowie's song "I'm Afraid of Americans" from the Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls was re-recorded for the album, and remixed by Trent Reznor for a single release. The heavy rotation of the accompanying video, also featuring Reznor, contributed to the song's 16-week stay in the US Billboard Hot 100. The Earthling Tour took in Europe and North America between June and November 1997.[105] Bowie reunited with Visconti in 1998 to record "(Safe in This) Sky Life" for The Rugrats Movie. Although the track was edited out of the final cut, it would later be re-recorded and released as "Safe" on the B-side of Bowie's 2002 single "Everyone Says 'Hi'".[106] The reunion led to other collaborations including a limited-edition single release version of Placebo's track "Without You I'm Nothing", co-produced by Visconti, with Bowie's harmonised vocal added to the original recording.[107]
1999–present: neoclassicist Bowie[link]
Bowie created the soundtrack for Omikron, a 1999 computer game in which he and Iman also appeared as characters. Released the same year and containing re-recorded tracks from Omikron, his album 'Hours...' featured a song with lyrics by the winner of his "Cyber Song Contest" Internet competition, Alex Grant.[108] Making extensive use of live instruments, the album was Bowie's exit from heavy electronica.[109] Sessions for the planned album Toy, intended to feature new versions of some of Bowie's earliest pieces as well as three new songs, commenced in 2000, but the album was never released. Bowie and Visconti continued their collaboration, producing a new album of completely original songs instead: the result of the sessions was the 2002 album Heathen.[110] Alexandria Zahra Jones, Bowie and Iman's daughter, was born on 15 August.[111]
In October 2001, Bowie opened The Concert for New York City, a charity event to benefit the victims of the September 11 attacks, with a minimalist performance of Simon & Garfunkel's "America", followed by a full band performance of "Heroes".[112] 2002 saw the release of Heathen, and, during the second half of the year, the Heathen Tour. Taking in Europe and North America, the tour opened at London's annual Meltdown festival, for which Bowie was that year appointed artistic director. Among the acts he selected for the festival were Philip Glass, Television and The Polyphonic Spree. As well as songs from the new album, the tour featured material from Bowie's Low era.[113] Reality (2003) followed, and its accompanying world tour, the A Reality Tour, with an estimated attendance of 722,000, grossed more than any other in 2004. Onstage in Oslo, Norway, on 18 June, Bowie was hit in the eye with a lollipop thrown by a fan; a week later he suffered chest pain while performing at the Hurricane Festival in Scheeßel, Germany. Originally thought to be a pinched nerve in his shoulder, the pain was later diagnosed as an acutely blocked artery, requiring an emergency angioplasty in Hamburg. The remaining 14 dates of the tour were cancelled.[114]
Since recuperating from the heart surgery, Bowie has reduced his musical output, making only one-off appearances on stage and in the studio. He sang in a duet of his 1972 song "Changes" with Butterfly Boucher for the 2004 animated film Shrek 2.[115] During a relatively quiet 2005, he recorded the vocals for the song "(She Can) Do That", co-written with Brian Transeau, for the film Stealth.[116] He returned to the stage on 8 September 2005, appearing with Arcade Fire for the US nationally televised event Fashion Rocks, and performed with the Canadian band for the second time a week later during the CMJ Music Marathon.[117] He contributed back-up vocals on TV on the Radio's song "Province" for their album Return to Cookie Mountain,[118] made a commercial with Snoop Dogg for XM Satellite Radio,[119] and joined with Lou Reed on Danish alt-rockers Kashmir's 2005 album No Balance Palace.[120]
Bowie was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award on 8 February 2006.[121] In April, he announced, "I’m taking a year off—no touring, no albums."[122] He made a surprise guest appearance at David Gilmour's 29 May concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London. The event was recorded, and a selection of songs on which he had contributed joint vocals were subsequently released.[123] He performed again in November, alongside Alicia Keys, at the Black Ball, a New York benefit event for Keep a Child Alive,[124] a performance that marks the last time Bowie performed his music on stage.[125]
Bowie was chosen to curate the 2007 High Line Festival, selecting musicians and artists for the Manhattan event,[126] and performed on Scarlett Johansson's 2008 album of Tom Waits covers, Anywhere I Lay My Head.[127] On the 40th anniversary of the July 1969 moon landing—and Bowie's accompanying commercial breakthrough with "Space Oddity"—EMI released the individual tracks from the original eight-track studio recording of the song, in a 2009 contest inviting members of the public to create a remix.[128] A Reality Tour, a double album of live material from the 2003 concert tour, was released in January 2010.[129]
In late March 2011, Toy, Bowie's previously unreleased album from 2001, was leaked onto the internet, containing material used for Heathen and most of its single B-sides, as well as unheard new versions of his early back catalogue.[130][131]
Acting career[link]
Main article: David Bowie filmography
Biographer David Buckley writes, "The essence of Bowie's contribution to popular music can be found in his outstanding ability to analyse and select ideas from outside the mainstream—from art, literature, theatre and film—and to bring them inside, so that the currency of pop is constantly being changed."[132] Buckley says, "Just one person took glam rock to new rarefied heights and invented character-playing in pop, marrying theatre and popular music in one seamless, powerful whole."[133] Bowie's career has also been punctuated by various roles in film and theatre productions, earning him some acclaim as an actor in his own right.
The beginnings of his acting career predate his commercial breakthrough as a musician. Studying avant-garde theatre and mime under Lindsay Kemp, he was given the role of Cloud in Kemp's 1967 theatrical production Pierrot in Turquoise (later made into the 1970 television film The Looking Glass Murders).[134] In the black-and-white short The Image (1969), he played a ghostly boy who emerges from a troubled artist's painting to haunt him.[135] The same year, the film of Leslie Thomas's 1966 comic novel The Virgin Soldiers saw Bowie make a brief appearance as an extra.[135] In 1976 he earned acclaim for his first major film role, portraying Thomas Jerome Newton, an alien from a dying planet, in The Man Who Fell to Earth, directed by Nic Roeg. Just a Gigolo (1979), an Anglo-German co-production directed by David Hemmings, saw Bowie in the lead role as Prussian officer Paul von Przygodski, who, returning from World War I, is discovered by a Baroness (Marlene Dietrich) and put into her Gigolo Stable.
Bowie took the title role in the Broadway theatre production The Elephant Man, earning high praise for an expressive performance. He played the part 157 times between 1980 and 1981.[81] Christiane F. – Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, a 1981 biographical film focusing on a young girl's drug addiction in West Berlin, featured Bowie in a cameo appearance as himself at a concert in Germany. Its soundtrack album, Christiane F. (1981), featured much material from his Berlin Trilogy albums.[136] Bowie starred in The Hunger (1983), a revisionist vampire film, with Catherine Deneuve and Susan Sarandon. In Nagisa Oshima's film the same year, Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence, based on Laurens van der Post's novel The Seed and the Sower, Bowie played Major Jack Celliers, a prisoner of war in a Japanese internment camp. Bowie had a cameo in Yellowbeard, a 1983 pirate comedy created by Monty Python members, and a small part as Colin, the hitman in the 1985 film Into the Night. He declined to play the villain Max Zorin in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985).[137]
Absolute Beginners (1986), a rock musical based on Colin MacInnes's 1959 novel about London life, featured Bowie's music and presented him with a minor acting role. The same year, Jim Henson's dark fantasy Labyrinth found him with the part of Jareth, the king of the goblins.[138] Two years later he played Pontius Pilate in Martin Scorsese's 1988 film The Last Temptation of Christ. Bowie portrayed a disgruntled restaurant employee opposite Rosanna Arquette in The Linguini Incident (1991), and the mysterious FBI agent Phillip Jeffries in David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992). He took a small but pivotal role as Andy Warhol in Basquiat, artist/director Julian Schnabel's 1996 biopic of Jean-Michel Basquiat, and co-starred in Giovanni Veronesi's Spaghetti Western Il Mio West (1998, released as Gunslinger's Revenge in the US in 2005) as the most feared gunfighter in the region.[139] He played the ageing gangster Bernie in Andrew Goth's Everybody Loves Sunshine (1999), and appeared in the TV horror serial of The Hunger. In Mr. Rice's Secret (2000), he played the title role as the neighbour of a terminally ill twelve-year-old, and the following year appeared as himself in Zoolander.
Bowie portrayed physicist Nikola Tesla in the Christopher Nolan film, The Prestige (2006), which was about the bitter rivalry between two magicians in the late 19th century. He voice-acted in the animated film Arthur and the Invisibles as the powerful villain Maltazard, and lent his voice to the character Lord Royal Highness in the SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis television film. In the 2008 film August, directed by Austin Chick, he played a supporting role as Ogilvie, alongside Josh Hartnett and Rip Torn, with whom he had worked in 1976 for The Man Who Fell to Earth.[140][141]
Sexual orientation[link]
Buckley writes, "If Ziggy confused both his creator and his audience, a big part of that confusion centred on the topic of sexuality."[142] Bowie declared himself bisexual in an interview with Michael Watts of Melody Maker in January 1972, a move coinciding with the first shots in his campaign for stardom as Ziggy Stardust.[42] In a September 1976 interview with Playboy, Bowie said: "It's true—I am a bisexual. But I can't deny that I've used that fact very well. I suppose it's the best thing that ever happened to me."[143]
In a 1983 interview with Rolling Stone, Bowie said his public declaration of bisexuality was "the biggest mistake I ever made" and "I was always a closet heterosexual".[144] On other occasions, he said his interest in homosexual and bisexual culture had been more a product of the times and the situation in which he found himself than his own feelings; as described by Buckley, he said he had been driven more by "a compulsion to flout moral codes than a real biological and psychological state of being".[145][146]
Asked in 2002 by Blender whether he still believed his public declaration was the biggest mistake he ever made, he replied:
Interesting. [Long pause] I don’t think it was a mistake in Europe, but it was a lot tougher in America. I had no problem with people knowing I was bisexual. But I had no inclination to hold any banners nor be a representative of any group of people. I knew what I wanted to be, which was a songwriter and a performer, and I felt that bisexuality became my headline over here for so long. America is a very puritanical place, and I think it stood in the way of so much I wanted to do.[147]
Buckley's view of the period is that Bowie, "a taboo-breaker and a dabbler ... mined sexual intrigue for its ability to shock",[148] and that "it is probably true that Bowie was never gay, nor even consistently actively bisexual ... he did, from time to time, experiment, even if only out of a sense of curiosity and a genuine allegiance with the 'transgressional'."[149] Biographer Christopher Sandford says that according to Mary Finnigan, with whom Bowie had an affair in 1969, the singer and his first wife Angie "lived in a fantasy world [...] and they created their bisexual fantasy."[150] Sandford tells how, during the marriage, Bowie "made a positive fetish of repeating the quip that he and his wife had met while 'fucking the same bloke' [...] Gay sex was always an anecdotal and laughing matter. That Bowie's actual tastes swung the other way is clear from even a partial tally of his affairs with women."[150]
Musicianship[link]
From the time of his earliest recordings in the 1960s, Bowie has employed a wide variety of musical styles. His early compositions and performances were strongly influenced by not only rock and rollers like Little Richard and Elvis Presley but also the wider world of show business. He particularly strove to emulate the British musical theatre singer-songwriter and actor Anthony Newley, whose vocal style he frequently adopted, and made prominent use of for his 1967 debut release, David Bowie (to the disgust of Newley himself, who destroyed the copy he received from Bowie's publisher).[19][151] Bowie's music hall fascination continued to surface sporadically alongside such diverse styles as hard rock and heavy metal, soul, psychedelic folk and pop.[152]
Musicologist James Perone observes Bowie's use of octave switches for different repetitions of the same melody, exemplified in his commercial breakthrough single, "Space Oddity", and later in the song "Heroes", to dramatic effect; Perone notes that "in the lowest part of his vocal register [...] his voice has an almost crooner-like richness."[153]
Voice instructor Jo Thompson describes Bowie's vocal vibrato technique as "particularly deliberate and distinctive".[154] Schinder and Schwartz call him "a vocalist of extraordinary technical ability, able to pitch his singing to particular effect."[155] Here, too, as in his stagecraft and songwriting, the singer's chamaeleon-like nature is evident: historiographer Michael Campbell says that Bowie's lyrics "arrest our ear, without question. But Bowie continually shifts from person to person as he delivers them [...] His voice changes dramatically from section to section."[156]
Bowie plays many instruments, among them electric, acoustic, and twelve-string guitar; alto, tenor and baritone saxophone; keyboards including piano, synthesizers and Mellotron; harmonica, Stylophone, xylophone, vibraphone, koto, drums and percussion, and string instruments including viola and cello.[157][158][159][160]
Legacy[link]
Bowie's innovative songs and stagecraft brought a new dimension to popular music in the early 1970s, strongly influencing both its immediate forms and its subsequent development. A pioneer of glam rock, Bowie, according to music historians Schinder and Schwartz, has joint responsibility with Marc Bolan for creating the genre.[161] At the same time, he inspired the innovators of the punk rock music movement—historian Michael Campbell calls him "one of punk's seminal influences". While punk musicians trashed the conventions of pop stardom, Bowie moved on again—into a more abstract style of music making that would in turn become a transforming influence. Biographer David Buckley writes, "At a time when punk rock was noisily reclaiming the three-minute pop song in a show of public defiance, Bowie almost completely abandoned traditional rock instrumentation."[162][163] Bowie's record company sought to convey his unique status in popular music with the slogan, "There is old wave, there is new wave, and there is Bowie..."[164] Musicologist James Perone credits him with having "brought sophistication to rock music", and critical reviews frequently acknowledge the intellectual depth of his work and influence.[161][165][166]
Buckley writes that, in an early 1970s pop world that was "Bloated, self-important, leather-clad, self-satisfied, ... Bowie challenged the core belief of the rock music of its day." As described by John Peel, "The one distinguishing feature about early-70s progressive rock was that it didn't progress. Before Bowie came along, people didn't want too much change." Buckley says that Bowie "subverted the whole notion of what it was to be a rock star", with the result that "After Bowie there has been no other pop icon of his stature, because the pop world that produces these rock gods doesn't exist any more. ... The fierce partisanship of the cult of Bowie was also unique—its influence lasted longer and has been more creative than perhaps almost any other force within pop fandom." Buckley concludes that "Bowie is both star and icon. The vast body of work he has produced ... has created perhaps the biggest cult in popular culture. ... His influence has been unique in popular culture—he has permeated and altered more lives than any comparable figure."[2]
Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996.[104] Through perpetual reinvention, he has seen his influence continue to broaden and extend: music reviewer Brad Filicky writes that over the decades, "Bowie has become known as a musical chameleon, changing and dictating trends as much as he has altered his style to fit, influencing fashion and pop culture."[167] Biographer Thomas Forget adds, "Because he has succeeded in so many different styles of music, it is almost impossible to find a popular artist today that has not been influenced by David Bowie."[168]
Personal life[link]
Bowie married Mary Angela Barnett (also known as Angie Bowie) on 19 March 1970 at Bromley Register Office in Beckenham Lane, Kent. They had a son together, Zowie Bowie (also known as Duncan Jones, film director), and divorced on 8 February 1980 in Switzerland.
The 1971 song "Kooks" on the album Hunky Dory was written for his newborn son.
In 1992 Bowie married Somali-American model Iman. They have one daughter, Alexandria Zahra Jones, born 15 August 2000.[169] The couple resides primarily in Manhattan and London.[170]
Regarding his compositions, in 2005 he said "Questioning my spiritual life has always been germane to what I was writing. Always." because he is "not quite an atheist and it bothers me."[171]
Awards and recognition[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by David Bowie
Bowie's 1969 commercial breakthrough, the song "Space Oddity", won him an Ivor Novello Special Award For Originality.[172] For his performance in the 1976 science fiction film The Man Who Fell to Earth, he won a Saturn Award for Best Actor.[173] In the ensuing decades he has been honoured with numerous awards for his music and its accompanying videos, receiving, among others, two Grammy Awards[174][175] and two BRIT Awards.[176]
In 1999, Bowie was made a Commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.[177] He received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music the same year.[178] He declined the royal honour of Commander of the British Empire in 2000, and turned down a knighthood in 2003,[179] stating: "I would never have any intention of accepting anything like that. I seriously don't know what it's for. It's not what I spent my life working for."[180]
Throughout his career he has sold an estimated 250 million albums.[181] In the United Kingdom, he has been awarded 9 Platinum, 11 Gold and 8 Silver albums, and in the United States, 5 Platinum and 7 Gold.[182][183] In the BBC's 2002 poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was ranked 29.[181] In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 39th on their list of the 100 Greatest Rock Artists of All Time[184] and the 23rd best singer of all time.[185] Bowie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 17 January 1996.[104]
Discography[link]
Main article: David Bowie discography
|
|
Filmography[link]
As Actor[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | The Image | The Boy | short film |
| 1969 | The Virgin Soldiers | Soldier | (extra) |
| 1970 | Pierrot in Turquoise or The Looking Glass Murders | Cloud | television film |
| 1976 | The Man Who Fell to Earth | Thomas Jerome Newton | Saturn Award for Best Actor |
| 1978 | Just a Gigolo | Paul Ambrosius von Przygodski | |
| 1981 | Christiane F. (Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo) | Himself | cameo |
| 1982 | The Snowman | Narrator | re-released version |
| Baal | Baal | television film | |
| 1983 | Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence | Maj. Jack 'Strafer' Celliers | |
| The Hunger | John | ||
| Yellowbeard | The Shark | cameo (uncredited) | |
| 1985 | Into the Night | Colin Morris | cameo |
| 1986 | Labyrinth | Jareth the Goblin King | |
| Absolute Beginners | Vendice Partners | ||
| 1988 | The Last Temptation of Christ | Pontius Pilate | cameo |
| 1991 | The Linguini Incident | Monte | |
| 1991 | Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me | Phillip Jeffries | cameo |
| 1996 | Basquiat | Andy Warhol | |
| 1998 | Gunslinger's Revenge (Il mio West) | Jack Sikora | |
| 1999 | Everybody Loves Sunshine | Bernie | |
| 2000 | Mr. Rice's Secret | William Rice | |
| 2001 | Zoolander | Himself | cameo (nominated for MTV Movie Award) |
| 2006 | The Prestige | Nikola Tesla | |
| 2007 | Arthur and the Invisibles | Emperor Maltazard | voice: English version |
| 2008 | August | Cyrus Ogilvie | cameo |
| 2008 | Spongebob Squarepants | L.R.H | guest voice |
| 2009 | Bandslam | Himself | cameo |
As Musician[link]
- Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars: The Motion Picture (1983) (VHS, DVD in 2003)
- Love You Till Tuesday (1984) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
- Serious Moonlight (1984) (VHS, unofficial DVD in 1999, official DVD in 2006)
- Glass Spider (1988) (VHS, unofficial DVD as Glass Spider Tour in 2001, official DVD in 2007)
- Bowie – The Video Collection (1993) (VHS)
- Black Tie White Noise (1993) (VHS, DVD in 2005)
- Best of Bowie (2002) (DVD)
- A Reality Tour (2004) (DVD)
As Producer[link]
- Büvös vadász (1994) (... aka Magic Hunter)
- Passaggio per il paradiso (1998) (... aka Gentle Into the Night, ... aka Passage to Paradise)
- Scott Walker: 30 Century Man (2006)
Documentaries[link]
- Love You Till Tuesday (1969) (as the subject, short)
- Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1973) (as the subject, documentary/concert film)
- Cracked Actor (1974) (as the subject, BBC)
- Group Madness (1983)
- Cool Cats: Twenty-Five Years of Rock 'N' Roll Style (1983)
- Queen: The Magic Years (1987)
- Imagine: John Lennon (1988)
- Superstar: The Life and Times of Andy Warhol (1990)
- Travelling Light (1992)
- Inspirations (1997)
- Lou Reed: Rock and Roll Heart (1998)
- Mayor of the Sunset Strip (2003)
See also[link]
|
Book: David Bowie |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Best selling music artists
- Bowie Bonds
- Bowie (Flight of the Conchords)
- List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (US)
- List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart
- List of David Bowie tours
- List of number-one hits (United States)
- List of Number 1 Dance Hits (United States)
- List of people who have declined a British honour
Notes[link]
- ^ "How to say: Bowie". bbc.co.uk. 8 January 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/magazinemonitor/2007/01/how_to_say_bowie.shtml. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d Buckley (2005): pp. 516–17, 524, 529
- ^ "From Morrissey to Tony Blair: How Irelands children are at the heart of English culture". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/from-morrissey-to-tony-blair-how-irelands-children-are-at-the-heart-of-english-culture-445584.html. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- ^ Hume, John et al (2008). Britain & Ireland: Lives Entwined III. British Council. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-86355-612-8.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 9–16
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 18–19
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 21.
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 19–20
- ^ Doggett, Peter (January 2007). "Teenage Wildlife". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 8–9.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 21–22
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 25
- ^ Buckley (2005): p.19
- ^ Evans, Mike (2006). Rock 'n' Roll's Strangest Moments: Extraordinary Tales from Over Fifty Years. Anova Books. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-86105-923-9.
- ^ Heterochromia Central - What Is Central Heterochromia?
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 28
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 29–30
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 35–39
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 33
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 41–42
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 41–42
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 46
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 49–52
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 49–50
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 53
- ^ McKay, George (1996). Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance. Verso. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-85984-908-8.
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 60
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 54–60
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 62–63
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 89–90
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 67
- ^ a b c Sandford (1997): pp. 73–74
- ^ Pegg (2000): pp. 260–65
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 95–99
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 80
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 85–86
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 135–36
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 93–95
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 156
- ^ Pegg (2004): pp. 281–83
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 108
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 106–7
- ^ a b Carr & Murray (1981): p. 7
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 116
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 163
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 115
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 3
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 180–83
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): pp. 204–5
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 128
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 138
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 68–74
- ^ Buckley, 2003, p.130.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 146
- ^ Roberts, David (ed.) (2001). Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles. Guinness World Records Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 0-85156-156-X.
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 135–36
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 137, 153
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 238
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 244
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 158
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 289–91.
- ^ Paytress, Mark (January 2007). "The Controversial Homecoming". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 64.
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): p. 11.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 252
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 154–55
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 149
- ^ Needs, Kris (January 2007). "The Passenger". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 65.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 166–68
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 175
- ^ Thomson (1993): p. xiii
- ^ Pegg (2000): pp. 90–92
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 181–82
- ^ Bronson, Fred (1990). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits. Billboard Books. p. 572. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 293
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 189
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 102–7
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 281
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 191–92
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 197
- ^ Pegg (2000): p. 29
- ^ Carr & Murray (1981): pp. 108–14
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): pp. 205–7
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 208, 211–12
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 335–55
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 165–66
- ^ McNair, James (January 2007). "Tumble & Twirl". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 101.
- ^ Fyfe, Andy (January 2007). "Too Dizzy". Mojo Classic (Mojo) (60 Years of Bowie): 88–91.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 387
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 274
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 275
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 273
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 394
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 278–79
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 278
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 280–86
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 289
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 292
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 294–95
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 298–99
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 413–14
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 301–8
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 494–95, 623
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 623–24
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 512–13
- ^ a b c "David Bowie: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction". rockhall.com. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://rockhall.com/inductees/david-bowie. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2000): pp. 533–34
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 203
- ^ Thompson (2006): pp. 203, 212
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 466
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 125
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 488–89
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 485
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 491
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 493–95
- ^ Buckley (2005): pp. 504–5
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 16
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 142
- ^ Thompson (2006): pp. 291–92
- ^ "Space Is the Place: Innovative Brooklyn rockers blast off to the future". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 1. June 2006.
- ^ Lamb, Charles W.; Hair, Joseph F.; McDaniel, Carl (2007). Marketing. South-Western College Pub. p. 472. ISBN 978-0-324-36208-4.
- ^ Stone, Andrew (2008). Denmark. Lonely Planet. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-74104-669-4.
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 293
- ^ Yuan, Jada (1 May 2006). "David Bowie Takes Time Off, Sneaks Into Movies". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/16865/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Gulla, Bob (2008). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. Greenwood. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-313-35806-7.
- ^ Mitchell, Gail (November 2009). "The Elements of Style". Billboard (Billboard.com): 22.
- ^ Gilmore, Mikal (2 February 2012), "How Ziggy Stardust Fell to Earth", Rolling Stone magazine (1149): 36–43,68
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 500
- ^ Marchese, David (May 2008). "The Inquisition: Scarlett Johansson". Spin (Spin Media LLC): 40.
- ^ "David Bowie to release "Space Oddity" multi-tracks to celebrate moon landing". NME News. 6 July 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/david-bowie/45872. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ Diver, Mike (5 February 2010). "David Bowie A Reality Tour Review". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/5gwx. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ Perpetua, Matthew (22 March 2011). "Unreleased David Bowie LP 'Toy' Leaks Online". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/unreleased-david-bowie-lp-toy-leaks-online-20110322. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
- ^ Michaels, Sean (23 March 2011). "David Bowie's unreleased album Toy leaks online". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/mar/23/david-bowie-toy-album-leak. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 526
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 2
- ^ Sandford (1997): p. 43
- ^ a b Buckley (2005): p. 49
- ^ Sandford (1997); p. 208
- ^ Pegg (2004) p. 561.
- ^ Sandford (1997): pp. 252–53
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 195
- ^ "August". imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0470679. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "The Man Who Fell to Earth". imdb.com. http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0074851/fullcredits. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 140
- ^ "Interview: David Bowie". Playboy. September 1976. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100801045250/http://www.playboy.com/articles/david-bowie-interview/index.html?page=2. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "David Bowie Calls Himself 'A Closet Heterosexual'". orlandosentinel.com (Orlando Sentinel). 30 May 1993. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-30/news/9305300344_1_david-bowie-mick-jagger-ziggy. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Buckley (2000): p. 401
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 106
- ^ Collis, Clark (August 2002). "Dear Superstar: David Bowie". blender.com (Alpha Media Group Inc). http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=366. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 141
- ^ Buckley (2005): p. 147
- ^ a b Sandford (1997): p. 48
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 4
- ^ Perone (2007): pp. 22, 36–37
- ^ Perone (2007) p. 12
- ^ Thompson, Jo (2004). Find Your Voice: A Self-Help Manual for Singers. Artemis Editions. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-634-07435-6.
- ^ Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 483
- ^ Campbell (2008): p. 254
- ^ Thompson (2006): p. 346
- ^ Hopkins, Jerry (1985). Bowie. MacMillan. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-02-553730-9.
- ^ Perone (2007): pp. 17–44, 152–60
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 48
- ^ a b Schinder & Schwartz (2007): p. 482
- ^ Campbell (2008) p. 304
- ^ Buckley (2004): p. 45
- ^ Thomson (1993): p. 217
- ^ Perone (2007): p. 183
- ^ Paytress, Mark (2003). Bolan: The Rise and Fall of a 20th Century Superstar. Omnibus Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7119-9293-1.
- ^ Filicky, Brad (10 June 2002). "Reviews; David Bowie: Heathen". CMJ New Music Report (CMJ) 71 (766): 13.
- ^ Forget, Thomas (2002). David Bowie (Rock & Roll Hall of Famers). Rosen Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8239-3523-9.
- ^ FIRST LOOK: The News in Brief, August 15, 2000. Ca.eonline.com (2000-08-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
- ^ Iman. Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
- ^ Anthony DeCurtis (5 May 2005). In Other Words: Artists Talk About Life And Work. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 262–263. ISBN 978-0-634-06655-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=8Rr53q4VxuoC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
- ^ "Ivor Novello Awards". buckmusicgroup.com. Bucks Music Group. http://www.bucksmusicgroup.com/about/Ivor_Novello_Awards.html. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ "Past Award Winners". saturnawards.org. The Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films. http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ "Grammy Award Winners". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=David%20Bowie&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1. Retrieved 16 September 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Lifetime Achievement Award: Past Recipients". Grammy.com. National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100826002047/http://www2.grammy.com/Recording%5FAcademy/Awards/Lifetime%5FAwards/. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
- ^ "David Bowie". brits.co.uk. Brit Awards Ltd. http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/david-bowie. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ Lichfield, John (8 May 2009). "The Big Question: How does the French honours system work, and why has Kylie been decorated?". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-big-question-how-does-the-french-honours-system-work-and-why-has-kylie-been-decorated-822752.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ "ChChChChanges". berklee.edu. Berklee College of Music. http://www.berklee.edu/news/1999/grad99.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ Thompson, Jody (8 January 2007). "Sixty things about David Bowie". (No. 35): BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6230201.stm. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ Mohan, Dominic (12 September 2003). "Exclusive: Bowie refuses knighthood". The Sun. http://www.bowiewonderworld.com/press/00/030912thesun.htm. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ^ a b Todd, Ben (27 November 2009). "David Bowie asked to play at Glastonbury for third time to mark 40th anniversary". The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1231539/David-Bowie-asked-play-Glastonbury-time-mark-40th-anniversary.html. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ "Gold and Platinum: Search Results". riaa.com. Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=David%20Bowie&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ "Certified Awards Search". bpi.co.uk. British Phonographic Industry. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. 15 April 2004. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "The 100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/33036. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
References[link]
- Buckley, David (2000) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 0-7535-0457-X.
- Buckley, David (2004). David Bowie: The Complete Guide To His Music. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-423-1.
- Buckley, David (2005) [First published 1999]. Strange Fascination — David Bowie: The Definitive Story. London: Virgin. ISBN 978-0-7535-1002-5.
- Buckley, Peter (2003). The rough guide to rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
- Campbell, Michael (2008). Popular Music in America: And The Beat Goes On. Schirmer. ISBN 978-0-495-50530-3.
- Carr, Roy; Murray, Charles Shaar (1981). Bowie: An Illustrated Record. New York: Avon. ISBN 0-380-77966-8.
- Cole, Shaun (2000). 'Don we now our gay apparel': gay men's dress in the twentieth century. London: Berg. ISBN 1-85973-415-4.
- Ditmore, Melissa Hope (2006). Encyclopedia of prostitution and sex work, Volume 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32970-2.
- Pegg, Nicholas (2004) [First published 2000]. The Complete David Bowie. London: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1-903111-73-0.
- Perone, James E. (2007). The Words and Music of David Bowie. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-99245-3.
- Sandford, Christopher (1997) [First published 1996]. Bowie: Loving the Alien. Time Warner. ISBN 0-306-80854-4.
- Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2007). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
- Thomson, Elizabeth (1993). The Bowie Companion. Macmillan. ISBN 0-283-06262-2.
- Thompson, Dave (2006). Hallo Spaceboy: The Rebirth of David Bowie. Ecw Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-733-8.
Further reading[link]
- Trynka Paul, Starman: David Bowie – The Definitive Biography, Little, Brown Book Group Limited, 2011
- Cann, David, Any Day Now: David Bowie the London Years 1947–1974, Kenneth Pitt in Books, 2011
- Jacke, Andreas, David Bowie – Station To Station, Psychosozial- Verlag, 2011
- Seabrook, Thomas Jerome, Bowie in Berlin: A New Career in a New Town, Jawbone Press, 2008.
- Spitz, Marc, Bowie: A Biography, Crown Publishers, 2009.
- Tremlett, George, David Bowie: Living on the Brink, Carroll and Graf, 1997.
- Waldrep, Shelton, "Phenomenology of Performance", The Aesthetics of Self-Invention: Oscar Wilde to David Bowie, University of Minnesota Press, 2004.
- Welch, Chris, David Bowie: We Could Be Heroes: The Stories Behind Every David Bowie Song, Da Capo Press, 1999.
- Wilcken, Hugo, 33⅓: David Bowie's Low, Continuum, 2005.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: David Bowie |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Bowie |
- Official website
- Official Myspace page
- Official YouTube channel
- Documentary Film - David Bowie: Sound and Vision
- Bowieart – paintings, printmakings, etc.
- Works by or about David Bowie in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bowie, David |
| Alternative names | David Robert Jones |
| Short description | English singer, songwriter, musician |
| Date of birth | 8 January 1947 |
| Place of birth | London, England, UK |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Jason Richardson, see Jason Richardson (disambiguation).
 |
|
| No. 23 – Orlando Magic | |
|---|---|
| Shooting guard | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1981-01-20) January 20, 1981 (age 31) Saginaw, Michigan |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) |
| Listed weight | 225 lb (102 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College | Michigan State |
| NBA Draft | 2001 / Round: 1 / Pick: 5th overall |
| Selected by the Golden State Warriors | |
| Pro career | 2001–present |
| Career history | |
| 2001–2007 | Golden State Warriors |
| 2007–2008 | Charlotte Bobcats |
| 2008–2010 | Phoenix Suns |
| 2010–present | Orlando Magic |
| Career highlights and awards | |
Jason Anthoney "J-Rich" Richardson (born January 20, 1981) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Orlando Magic of the National Basketball Association.
A 6'6", 225 lb. shooting guard/small forward, Richardson was taken by the Golden State Warriors as the fifth overall pick in the 2001 NBA Draft from Michigan State, earning the NBA Rookie Challenge MVP and All-Rookie Team First Team honors his debut season in the league.
He is regarded as one of the NBA's most demonstrative dunkers, winning the NBA Slam Dunk crown in 2002 and 2003, joining Michael Jordan and Nate Robinson as the competition's only back-to-back champions.
Contents |
Early life and college[link]
Born in Saginaw, Michigan, Richardson graduated from Arthur Hill High School in 1999. Having led the Arthur Hill basketball team to the Class A championship game, Richardson was Mr. Basketball of Michigan and a McDonald's High School All-American in his senior year. In his freshman season with the Spartans basketball team at Michigan State University, Richardson averaged 5.1 points per game in 37 games (including three starts) and made 50.3% of attempted field goals. In his sophomore season, he averaged 14.7 points per game en route to a Final Four appearance which ended in a loss to Arizona. He was named Big Ten First Team that year.[1]
Professional career[link]
Golden State Warriors[link]
The Warriors drafted Jason Richardson out of Michigan State with the 5th overall pick. While playing for Michigan State, Richardson, Mateen Cleaves, Charlie Bell, Morris Peterson and Dave Thomas won a Division 1 NCAA National Championship.
Richardson competed in the Rookie Challenge as a rookie in 2002 and a sophomore in 2003. His teams won both years, and he was awarded the Rookie Challenge MVP as a rookie. As a sophomore, he had a memorable moment when, in the closing seconds of the game, he bounced the ball off Carlos Boozer's forehead and then made a three-pointer before the clock ran out.[2]
During his time with Golden State, Richardson gained popularity for his outstanding scoring, ability to dunk, dedication to the team and fans, and ethical maturity.[3][4] The long time captain of the Warriors, Richardson organized a letter of apology to Warrior fans after the team failed to make the playoffs for the 12th straight season. The letter ran in several Bay Area newspapers. The following year, Richardson helped lead the Warriors to their first playoff game in 13 years. They won in the first round, upsetting the top-seeded Dallas Mavericks, but lost in the second round to the Utah Jazz.
Although no longer playing for Golden State, Richardson remains one of the most popular players among Warrior fans because of his electric style of play and ability to shoot three-pointers, as well as the longevity and tenor of his tenure with the team.[5] Richardson set the Warrior franchise record for three-pointers made in a game without missing (8) in a home win against the Phoenix Suns.[6] Richardson is especially known for his high-flying abilities and is widely regarded as one of the best dunkers in the NBA today.[7][8] He won the NBA Slam Dunk Contests in 2002 and 2003, and also competed in the 2004 contest, but lost to Fred Jones in the finals.
Charlotte Bobcats[link]
On June 28, 2007, Richardson was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats along with the draft rights to 36th pick Jermareo Davidson for the draft rights to eighth pick Brandan Wright.
Richardson began to gain attention with the Bobcats when he led the team to a road win against the Boston Celtics after scoring 34 points. This was only the Celtics' fourth loss of the season and second loss at home.[9] It was also the Bobcats' second road win of the season, ending an 11 game road losing streak. Richardson also led the Bobcats to a franchise-record five consecutive game winning streak, including a home win against his former team, the Golden State Warriors. Richardson posted 42 points against the Warriors.[10] The 2007–08 season was a season of rebuilding for Richardson and the Bobcats. He was able to get his points per game average back up to 21.8, lead the Bobcats in scoring, and lead the league in three-point field goals made.
Phoenix Suns[link]
On December 10, 2008, Richardson was traded along with Jared Dudley, and a 2010 second round pick to the Phoenix Suns for Boris Diaw, Raja Bell and Sean Singletary.[11] The Suns dealt for Richardson, as they were looking for another backcourt scorer to take pressure off of Steve Nash.[12]
In his first game as a Sun, Richardson scored a game-high 21 points, including an alley-oop from Leandro Barbosa that brought the crowd to their feet.[13] His first year in Phoenix resulted in the team missing the playoffs for the first time since 2003.
However, in his second year with the team, he helped bring them back to the playoffs with his play on both the offensive and defensive sides of the ball.[14] In the first round of the 2010 NBA Playoffs, Richardson led the Suns to a first-round victory over the Portland Trail Blazers,[15] including a career playoff-high 42 points in a Game 3 blowout.[16] In the next round, Richardson helped the Suns to a series sweep against the San Antonio Spurs, before falling to the L.A. Lakers in game 6 of the Western Conference Finals.
Orlando Magic[link]
On December 18, 2010, Richardson was traded to the Orlando Magic along with Hedo Türkoğlu and Earl Clark for Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat, Mickaël Piétrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick and $3 million cash.[17] In December 2011, Richardson agreed to a four-year, $25 million contract to remain in Orlando.[18]
Personal life[link]
On December 21, 2008, Richardson was cited for driving while under the influence of alcohol by the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Police. Court action on this incident is pending at this time.[19]
Richardson was arrested and briefly detained again on February 15, 2009, by Scottsdale, Arizona police after he was observed driving at a tremendously high speed. According to police reports, Richardson was clocked doing 90 MPH in a 35 MPH zone. When stopped, it was discovered that the Suns star had his young son, age 3, in the back seat unrestrained. Richardson was booked by Scottsdale Police for criminal speeding, reckless driving, and reckless endangerment of a child.[20]
Following the latter incident, Richardson was suspended without pay by the Suns for one game for "Conduct detrimental to the Team". No Court date has been set at this time on these charges.
Then on August 28, 2009, the NBA suspended Richardson for the first two games of the 2009-10 season due to his DUI arrest.
Awards and Accomplishments[link]
- NBA Slam Dunk Champion: 2002, 2003
- Rookie Challenge MVP: 2002
- NBA All-Rookie First Team: 2002
- 1999 McDonald's All-American
- 1999 Mr. Basketball of Michigan
Career transactions[link]
- June 27, 2001: Drafted 5th overall by Golden State Warriors in 2001 NBA Draft.
- June 28, 2007: Traded by Golden State along with draft rights of 36th pick Jermareo Davidson to the Charlotte Bobcats for draft rights of 8th pick Brandan Wright.[21]
- December 10, 2008: Traded by Charlotte along with Jared Dudley and their 2010 second-round draft pick (which ended up being Gani Lawal) to the Phoenix Suns for Boris Diaw, Raja Bell and Sean Singletary.[22]
- December 18, 2010: Traded by Phoenix along with Hedo Turkoglu and Earl Clark for Marcin Gortat, Vince Carter, and Mickael Pietrus.
NBA career statistics[link]
| Legend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
Regular season[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–02 | Golden State | 80 | 75 | 32.9 | .426 | .333 | .671 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 1.3 | .4 | 14.4 |
| 2002–03 | Golden State | 82 | 82 | 32.9 | .410 | .368 | .764 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 1.1 | .3 | 15.6 |
| 2003–04 | Golden State | 78 | 78 | 37.6 | .438 | .282 | .684 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 1.1 | .5 | 18.7 |
| 2004–05 | Golden State | 72 | 72 | 37.8 | .446 | .338 | .693 | 5.9 | 3.9 | 1.5 | .4 | 21.7 |
| 2005–06 | Golden State | 75 | 75 | 38.4 | .446 | .384 | .673 | 5.8 | 3.1 | 1.3 | .5 | 23.2 |
| 2006–07 | Golden State | 51 | 49 | 32.8 | .417 | .365 | .657 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 1.1 | .6 | 16.0 |
| 2007–08 | Charlotte | 82 | 82 | 38.4 | .441 | .406 | .752 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 1.4 | .7 | 21.8 |
| 2008–09 | Charlotte | 14 | 14 | 35.1 | .441 | .458 | .745 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | .2 | 18.7 |
| 2008–09 | Phoenix | 58 | 57 | 33.1 | .488 | .383 | .778 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | .4 | 16.4 |
| 2009–10 | Phoenix | 79 | 76 | 31.5 | .474 | .393 | .739 | 5.1 | 1.8 | .8 | .4 | 15.7 |
| 2010–11 | Phoenix | 25 | 25 | 31.8 | .470 | .419 | .764 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | .1 | 19.3 |
| 2010–11 | Orlando | 55 | 55 | 34.9 | .433 | .384 | .701 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1.2 | .2 | 13.9 |
| 2011-12 | Orlando | 54 | 54 | 29.5 | .408 | .368 | .594 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.0 | .4 | 11.6 |
| Career | 805 | 794 | 34.6 | .441 | .372 | .708 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 1.2 | .4 | 17.5 |
Playoffs[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Golden State | 11 | 11 | 38.9 | .476 | .354 | .704 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 1.3 | .5 | 19.1 |
| 2010 | Phoenix | 16 | 16 | 33.3 | .502 | .475 | .759 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .2 | 19.8 |
| 2011 | Orlando | 5 | 5 | 30.6 | .333 | .320 | 1.000 | 4.0 | 1.2 | .6 | .4 | 10.0 |
| 2012 | Orlando | 5 | 5 | 29.6 | .396 | .370 | .417 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | .4 | 11.4 |
| Career | 37 | 37 | 34.1 | .465 | .404 | .724 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | .4 | 17.1 |
References[link]
- ^ "Jason Richardson". Michigan State Spartans. http://www.msuspartans.com/sports/m-baskbl/mtt/richardson_jason00.html. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
- ^ Warrior tandem score big in loosely-played game February 5, 2003
- ^ Richardson trade is good news, sad news
- ^ Richardson is being repaid for his loyalty
- ^ J-Rich exits on high road
- ^ Jason Richardson Bio Page
- ^ Top 10 Dunkers Today
- ^ Best Dunk Contest Dunk: J-Rich in 2003
- ^ Richardson, Bobcats Surprise Celtics January 9, 2008
- ^ Richardson's 34 Help Bobcats Bring Down Wizards March 8, 2008
- ^ "Suns Trade for Richardson, Dudley and 2010 Second-Round Pick". NBA.com. http://www.nba.com/suns/news/trade_081210.html. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Suns trade Bell, Diaw for Richardson". The Boston Globe. December 11, 2008. http://www.boston.com/sports/other_sports/articles/2008/12/11/suns_trade_bell_diaw_for_richardson/.
- ^ http://www.nba.com/suns/news/newsroom_notes_081212.html
- ^ http://www.mlive.com/sports/saginaw/index.ssf/2010/06/jason_richardson_gets_positive.html
- ^ http://www.mlive.com/sports/saginaw/index.ssf/2010/04/jason_richardson_leads_phoenix.html
- ^ "Richardson scores 42, Suns go up 2-1 over Blazers". Fox News. April 23, 2010. http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2010/04/23/suns-blazers-victory/.
- ^ "Magic Receive Turkoglu, Richardson & Clark From Suns". NBA.com. 2010-12-18. http://www.nba.com/magic/news/news_sunsdeal_121810.html. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
- ^ "Orlando Magic Guard Jason Richardson Guard Surprisingly Resigns". http://www.orlandomagic101.com/2011/12/10/orlando-magic-guard-jason-richardson-guard-surprisingly-resigns/.
- ^ "Suns' Richardson accused of DUI". Arizona Republic. http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/sports/articles/2009/01/05/20090105richardson0105-CP.html. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- ^ "Richardson suspended 1 game after charge". Arizona Republic. http://www.azcentral.com/sports/suns/articles/2009/02/16/20090216spt-jrich.html. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
- ^ Bobcats Acquire Richardson, Rights To Davidson From Warriors
- ^ Bobcats Acquire Boris Diaw, Raja Bell and Sean Singletary from Phoenix
External links[link]
- Official website
- Jason Richardson at NBA.com
- Michigan State Spartans biography
- Jason Richardson's Apology Letter at GSoM
- 2k6-2k7 REPORT CARD: Jason Richardson (GSoM)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Richardson, Jason |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American basketball player |
| Date of birth | January 20, 1981 |
| Place of birth | Saginaw, Michigan |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jason_Richardson
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ричардсон, Джейсон
http://fr.wn.com/Jason Richardson
http://pt.wn.com/Jason Richardson
http://de.wn.com/Jason Richardson
http://it.wn.com/Jason Richardson
http://pl.wn.com/Jason Richardson (koszykarz)
http://es.wn.com/Jason Richardson
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Richardson
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
