WFED (1500 AM) is a full-power radio station in the Washington, D.C. region, broadcasting from just outside the District line in Wheaton, Maryland. The signal is relayed on WWFD on 820 kHz in Frederick, Maryland. The stations broadcast a news, talk and information format targeted towards U.S. government employees under the moniker Federal News Radio.

WFED transmits with a power of 50,000 watts continuously. While it is the most powerful AM radio station in the city, WFED has a nighttime signal oriented north-south to avoid interference with sister station KSTP in St. Paul, Minnesota. This signal can be heard reliably on the East Coast of North America and is often heard by radio enthusiasts in Europe. In 2006, the station began broadcasting in digital "HD Radio", utilizing iBiquity Digital Corp.'s IBOC (in-band on-channel) technology.

Both stations are currently owned by Hubbard Broadcasting and its programming originates from Hubbard's broadcast complex in northwest Washington, D.C.

History[link]

Formation of Federal News Radio[link]

The format itself was launched by Bonneville International, owners of terrestrial-based all-news station WTOP, as FederalNewsRadio.com - the first Internet-only all news station, and the first Internet station to make the jump to terrestrial radio - on February 22, 2000. The programming concept has changed little to this day, except that the Associated Press' All News Radio service originally filled in during the overnight hours, as a complement to WTOP.

Federal News Radio is one of a few radio stations that originated on the Internet prior to moving onto a traditional broadcasting signal. It first found a home on the radio dial in 2004, on the 1050 kHz frequency licensed to Silver Spring, Maryland; that station was founded in 1946 as beautiful music station WGAY, but had become business radio station WPLC by 2004, when Bonneville bought the station and converted it to Federal News Radio and the WFED call letters.

When AP All News Radio was terminated, the station began an affiliation with CNN Headline News, which itself was phased out in 2007 by provider Westwood One. In November 2007, the 1050 frequency increased its daytime power from 1 kW to 3.5 kW in order to better reach the government office workers in Washington, D.C. who comprise its core audience.

The 1050 frequency is now used by Hubbard as regional Mexican station WBQH.

"Washington Post Radio"[link]

The current WFED, along with WWFD and WWWT-FM (107.7) and W282BA (104.3), were former frequencies and simulcasts of WTOP. WFED and WWWT-FM were spun off of the WTOP simulcast on March 30, 2006 with the sign-on of "Washington Post Radio" as WTWP AM/FM. The primary AM station had been WTOP since 1943 (and dates its history back to Brooklyn, New York station WTRC in 1926), while WWWT-FM had operated as a simulcast of WTOP since 1998. WWFD had simulcast WTOP since 2001 (and carried the WTOP calls on the AM band following the sign-on of WTWP) before switching to a simulcast of WTWP as WTWT on June 28, 2007. Since the late 1990s, W282BA has been run as a low-power FM relay of 107.7 for the Leesburg, Virginia area.

As WTWP, these stations provided news and commentary during the weekday hours in a long-form style similar to that of National Public Radio, but on a commercial station staffed and programmed jointly by the Washington Post and WTOP. From 8 PM to 5 AM ET, the station was programmed as a general interest talk radio station, featuring hosts such as Clark Howard, Larry King and Jim Bohannon. On weekends, WTWP rebroadcast programs produced by Radio Netherlands and George Washington University.

WWWT: "Talk Radio 3WT"[link]

The Washington Post reported that they would discontinue the Washington Post Radio service after Bonneville decided to pull the plug, citing financial losses and low ratings.^[1]

Bonneville International officially launched personality driven talk format Talk Radio 3WT, with the WWWT call letters on September 20, 2007 (with 820 using the call letters WWWB). The morning show with David Burd and Jessica Doyle was retained along with all live sporting events, The Tony Kornheiser Show and automotive commentator Pat Goss. Syndicated talkers Neal Boortz, Bill O'Reilly, Randi Rhodes and Phil Hendrie were initially added to the lineup, as was a simulcast of sister station KSL's Nightside with Michael Castner overnight program. Stephanie Miller was added in November after the Washington Nationals' season ended, and Glenn Beck was added, replacing Randi Rhodes on the 1500 and 107.7 frequencies, in January 2008. [1]

WWWT was one of the few talk stations in America, at least in major markets, in which the lineup is nearly equally divided among liberal and conservative hosts.

WWWT remained a member of the CBS Radio Network (WTOP was a charter affiliate and formerly owned by in the 1930s and 1940s, and WTWP was also an affiliate in its short life), and retransmitted the audio portion of the CBS television shows Face the Nation and 60 Minutes. Also surviving the change in format were Larry King and Jim Bohannon, who were carried in the late-night time slots, although King's show was phased out (as part of a nationwide phaseout of all CNN television simulcasts) by Westwood One in 2008.

On August 11, 2008, Bonneville announced the canning of 3WT. WWWT-FM began simulcasting WTOP-FM (which kept its two other frequencies), while WFED took over WWWT and WWWB's signals. August 11 was the last day for the morning show, The Inner Loop, with David Burd and his team. Sports that had been broadcast on 3WT continued on 1500 kHz and 820 kHz. The stations remained the flagships of Washington Nationals baseball until 2011, when the team signed a contract with The Fan. The two stations still serve as translators for the baseball team. ^[2]

Bonneville announced the sale of WFED and WWFD, as well as 15 other stations, to Hubbard Broadcasting on January 19, 2011; this put WFED under common ownership with KSTP, Hubbard's flagship station and the other clear-channel station on 1500 kHz.^[3][4] The sale was completed on April 29, 2011.^[5]

Cully Stimson controversy[link]

On January 11, 2007, while being interviewed on WFED's morning program The Federal Drive, then-Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Detainee Affairs Charles "Cully" Stimson criticized some major U.S. law firms for representing detainees at Guantanamo Bay free of charge. Stimson further suggested that U.S. corporations who retained these same U.S. law firms should reconsider their associations with those firms. His comments drew immediate criticism from legal scholars, professional legal associations and the ACLU, and even the Pentagon itself sought to distance itself and the Bush administration from Stimson's comments. Although he apologized a few days later, on February 2, 2007 Stimson resigned his position with the Pentagon, saying he believed the flap would prevent him from effectively doing his job. The controversy broadened the reputation of Federal News Radio, however, as the station's morning hosts and reporters were interviewed by news organizations around the world about the controversy.^[6][7]

Programming[link]

WFED's weekday programming consists primarily of original news and talk content for Federal government employees, the Senior Executive Service, and contractors. While most of this programming airs on a daily basis, various programming is rotated in the midday hours. This programming, in the past, has included several Voice of America programs, including Issues in the News, Press Conference USA, and Our World.

WFED also carries syndicated hosts Jim Bohannon and Phil Hendrie, both of which were carried over from WWWT after its discontinuation. WFED does not list either host on its program schedule, leaving the 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. blocks in which the shows air blank.

Most weekend programming on WFED is a mix of brokered programming and replays of weekday programming.

WFED is the flagship station for Washington Capitals hockey, George Washington Colonials basketball, and American Eagles basketball. It also carries Washington Nationals baseball, Baltimore Ravens football and selected Navy Midshipmen football, basketball & lacrosse games as an affiliate station.

References[link]

1. ^ Farhi, Paul (August 28, 2007). "With Low Ratings, Post Radio Venture To End Next Month". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/27/AR2007082701332.html. 
2. ^ Federal News Radio Expands to Full Market Signal (3wtradio.com)
3. ^ "$505M sale: Bonneville sells Chicago, D.C., St. Louis and Cincinnati to Hubbard". Radio-Info.com. January 19, 2011. http://www.radio-info.com/news/505m-sale-bonneville-sells-chicago-dc-st-louis-and-cincinnati-to-hubbard. Retrieved January 19, 2011. 
4. ^ WTOP news radio to be sold to Minnesota broadcaster
5. ^ "Hubbard deal to purchase Bonneville stations closes". Radio Ink. May 2, 2011. http://www.radioink.com/Article.asp?id=2174844&spid=24698. Retrieved May 2, 2011. 
6. ^ "Pentagon Official Who Criticized Detainee Lawyers Quits", The Washington Post (February 7, 2007), p. A06.
7. ^ "'Cully' Stimson Stepping Down", Federal News Radio (February 2, 2007).]

External links[link]

• Federal News Radio official website
• Query the FCC's AM station database for WFED
• Radio-Locator Information on WFED
• Query Arbitron's AM station database for WFED
• Query the FCC's AM station database for WWFD
• Radio-Locator Information on WWFD
• Query Arbitron's AM station database for WWFD

All-news radio is a radio format devoted entirely to discussion and broadcast of news.

All-news radio is available in both local and syndicated forms, and is carried in some form on both major US satellite radio networks. Some all-news stations, like KYW, WBBM and WCBS, carry sports, and all-news stations may occasionally carry public affairs programs, simulcasts of TV news magazine or political affairs shows like 60 Minutes and Face the Nation, and national radio shows revolving around news such as the CBS News Weekend Roundup. Some all news stations, like KNX and WBZ, run talk radio programs on weekends and during off peak hours, while WBBM also carries programming revolving around the NFL Chicago Bears, as that station airs the play-by-play for the team. Some CBS news radio stations also air When Radio Was in the overnight hours, a nightly program featuring rebroadcasts of old time radio. Most of these stations are owned by CBS Radio, and therefore are affiliated with the CBS Radio network.

Many stations brand themselves Newsradio but only run continuous news during the morning and afternoon drive times. These stations are properly labeled as "news/talk" talk radio stations. Also, some National Public Radio stations identify themselves as News and Information stations, which means that in addition to running the NPR news magazines like Morning Edition and All Things Considered, they run other information programs such as Fresh Air, Talk of the Nation, and the BBC World Service.

History[link]

According to a Wikipedia site for 1100 KFAX radio in San Francisco, Calif., what had been KJBS radio changed to KFAX in late 1959 when the station changed formats from music, news, and sports, to become the nation's first all-news radio station. However, this experiment proved unsuccessful.

Broadcasting pioneer Arthur W. Arundel is credited with creating the first 24-hour All News station, radio or television, in the United States in January 1961 on his owned and operated WAVA in Washington. The station’s success was largely driven by a Nation’s Capital audience then riveted to news of the Vietnam War and the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King and Robert F. Kennedy. Arundel helped other stations in New York and Chicago also to convert to his All News All the Time format and then met direct competition from Washington Post-owned WTOP in 1969.

Radio programmer Gordon McLendon, who has been credited with pioneering top 40, all-sports, background music and telephone talk formats, is also an acknowledged pioneer in the all-news format. XTRA News went on the air May 5, 1961 from XETRA, a station licensed to Tijuana, Mexico, that could be heard as far away as Los Angeles, followed shortly afterwards by W-NUS in Chicago.

Its format, which can be heard to this day on many all-news stations, was to start each half hour with world and national news, preferably from a network, then switch to locally-anchored area news, filling out the half hour with sports, business news and features. XETRA had no outside reporters and got all of its local news from the AP and UPI wire services. Both stations operated using a 15 minute news cycle (newscasts repeated every 15 minutes)

Another early prototypical all-news format was in use by WABC-FM in New York during the 114-day 1962 New York City newspaper strike which lasted from December 8, 1962 to March 31, 1963.^[1] The format only lasted as long as the strike, though, and reverted to its regular format of Broadway show tunes and simulcasting of its AM sister station after the strike ended. The following year, ABC's Detroit FM station, WXYZ-FM made a similar effort during a newspaper strike. Both stations, which previously had simulcast their AM sister stations, carried ABC Radio Network news programs (including those not usually by the AM Top 40 stations), AM local newscasts plus wire service stories read to fill the balance of the time.

Group W, the broadcast division of Westinghouse, adopted an all-news format 30-minute cycle (despite the later slogan "You give us 22 minutes, we'll give you the world.") that eschewed network newscasts so that local and non-local news could be freely mixed, according to what was more interesting or important on any given day. Westinghouse also used field reporters at its all-news stations, which included 1010 WINS New York, KYW Newsradio 1060 and KFWB News 98 Los Angeles. WINS began broadcasting its all-news format in April 1965. A second New York all-news station, WCBS began all-news programming on August 28, 1967, although its first broadcasts were on its sister FM station after a plane crashed into its tower, knocking the AM station off the air. CBS converted some of its other AM outlets to this WCBS "Newsradio" format over the next several months and years, including WBBM-AM, KCBS-AM, KNX and WEEI (which CBS sold in the 1980s).

In 1975, the NBC Radio Network shut down its profitable weekend music and information service NBC Monitor to launch the News & Information Service (NIS), the first all-news radio network. It was closed two years later in a cost-cutting move though it had strong ratings in some key markets.

In 1994, an effort similar to NIS was launched by the Associated Press. It was officially known as AP All-News Radio and had many affiliates from coast to coast. However, it was informally better known by its promotional title of "The News Station." The Associated Press discontinued the all-news format in July 2005.

The last national all-news radio service in the United States, the audio feed of CNN Headline News, began a long phaseout in 2007. Headline News's audio feed was popular among all-news stations, particularly after the AP disbanded their format in 2005, until the TV station decided to abandon its all-news format and add talk show programming in prime time, when many smaller stations do not have air staff and rely on a network feed, in 2006. Most of the Headline News affiliates became talk radio stations, with a handful of daytime-only stations keeping the feed. CNN also for a time offered a second all news-channel with the hour filled with CNN Radio newscasts on the hour and half-hour and business, sports and feature segments from CNN Radio and Headline News at specific points each hour, plus time segments for local news to be inserted. Many smaller affiliates, however, preferred Headline News audio which was more suited to turn-key (or unattended, automated) operation. CNN Radio ceased operations April 1, 2012.^[2]

While not a full-time NIS, the CBS Radio Network provides significant content for many, if not most, all-news radio stations in the United States, especially local stations in smaller markets. Talk Radio Network introduced an all-news service, America's Radio News Network, in 2009, beginning with a midday news block and since expanding into other dayparts; the network does not yet program overnights or weekends, but allows for tape delay for such purposes. Cumulus Media Networks offers a late-evening newsmagazine hosted by John Batchelor seven nights a week, while Dial Global offers two hourlong morning news magazines (NBC's First Light and Jim Bohannon's America in the Morning) six days a week.

All-news has for years been a top-rated radio format in New York, Washington, D.C., and other cities, but as big city traffic worsens and people work longer hours that increase the urgency of planning their day ahead, the focus of such stations has increasingly been on traffic and weather, often updated every 10 minutes. Attempts at long-form commercial all-news stations, such as Washington Post Radio, have been largely unsuccessful.

As of 2012 Cumulus is planning to implement all-news to Los Angeles, Atlanta, Minneapolis, and Nashville after the start of all-news on KGO and KLIF they will be branded as the News and Information stations. Another newcomer to all-news in the early 2010s is Randy Michaels, who (through his Merlin Media company) has acquired FM stations in New York, Chicago and Philadelphia in preparation for all-news formats in those cities (although the Philadelphia station will also include talk programs).

Stations[link]

For a near-complete list of News/Talk radio stations, see Category:News and talk radio stations

All-news stations in the United States[link]

• KCBS - San Francisco, California (CBS Radio)
• KLIF - Dallas, Texas (Cumulus Media) (all-news for daytime hours only)
• KLIV - San Jose, California (Empire Broadcasting)
• KGO - San Francisco, California (Cumulus Media)
• KNX - Los Angeles, California (CBS Radio)
• KOMO - Seattle, Washington (Fisher Communications)
• KQV - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Richard Mellon Scaife) (all-news for daytime hours only)
• KRLD - Dallas, Texas (CBS Radio) (all-news for daytime hours only)
• KROI - Greater Houston (Radio One)
• KYW - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (CBS Radio)
• WBBM - Chicago, Illinois (CBS Radio)
• WIQI - Chicago, Illinois (Randy Michaels)
• WBZ - Boston, Massachusetts (CBS Radio) (all-news for daytime hours only)
• WCBS - New York City (since August 28, 1967)
• WEMP - New York City (Randy Michaels)
• WINS - New York City (since April 19, 1965) (CBS Radio)
• WINK - Fort Myers, Florida (Fort Myers Broadcasting) (all-news for daytime hours only)
• WNEW - Washington, D.C. (CBS Radio)
• WPTF - Raleigh, North Carolina (all-news for weekday daytime hours only) (Curtis Media Group)
• WTOP - Washington, D.C. (Hubbard Broadcasting)
• WWJ - Detroit, Michigan (CBS Radio)
• WUAM - Albany, New York (Ernie Anastos) (Audio simulcast of YNN Capital Region, a local cable news channel)
• WYAY - Atlanta, Georgia (Cumulus Media)

All-news stations in Australia[link]

• ABC NewsRadio - National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
• RPH - capital cities and some regional centres (various)

All-news stations in Canada[link]

Between 1977 and 1989 Canada All News Limited operated Canada's first attempt at all news radio with a network of nine FM stations in major Canadian cities, all using the call letters CKO (or CK News). The effort was similar in some ways to NBC Radio's News and Information Service, mostly national news programming with cut-ins for individual stations to broadcast local news. The network was also the first to offer live broadcasts of Question Time in the Canadian parliament. The network was plagued by low ratings and poor advertising sales (similar to problems faced by all-news radio networks operated by NBC, CNN and AP in the US). Ironically, the stations listed below operate in cities which CK News had served previously.

Note: All are owned by Rogers Broadcasting unless noted

• CFFR ("660News") - Calgary, Alberta
• CFTR ("680News") - Toronto, Ontario
• CKWX ("News1130") - Vancouver, British Columbia
• CIWW ("1310News") - Ottawa, Ontario
• CHQT ("inews880") - Edmonton, Alberta (Corus Entertainment)
• Canada 360 (XM Radio Canada)
• Quoi de Neuf (French) (XM Radio Canada)

News-talk radio stations 570 News in Kitchener/Waterloo, Ontario, News95.7 in Halifax, News91.9 in Moncton, New Brunswick and News88.9 in Saint John, New Brunswick (also Rogers Broadcasting-owned stations) use an all-news wheel for their morning and afternoon shows, simulating their sister station, 680News in Toronto.

In February 2001, Corus Entertainment launched an all-news sister station to Vancouver news-talk station CKNW. All news NW2 (CJNW AM730, formerly CKLG) was branded as "24 hour news radio, powered by CKNW." NW2 shared newsroom resources with CKNW, including several anchors and reporters. However, NW2 did not achieve broad appeal, and was shut down in May 2002. The station currently airs an all-traffic format under the call sign CHMJ.

That same year, Corus acquired two all-news stations in Montreal, CINW ("940 News") at 940 AM in English and CINF ("Info 690") at 690 AM in French, which had launched in late 1999. These frequencies were previously operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's English and French radio services respectively before the public broadcaster switched to the FM dial. But as AM radio listenership in Montreal declined sharply in recent years – only longtime talk-radio stations CJAD in English and CKAC in French (now an all-sports station) remained popular – neither CINW nor CINF were able to make a profit (even after several format changes on CINW), and Corus finally shut down both stations on January 29, 2010.

All-news stations in the United Kingdom[link]

• LBC News 1152 - Rolling news for London from 5.00 am to 7.00 pm, with simulcast of LBC 97.3 at other times.
• BBC Radio Five Live - News and sport station from the BBC with sports commentaries at evenings and weekends.

All-news stations in Germany[link]

All the all-news stations in Germany are operated by the local public broadcasters in the different states.

• SWR cont.ra (SWR content radio) from South West Broadcasting Südwestrundfunk
• Inforadio from Broadcasting Berlin/Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg
• B5 aktuell (B5 up-to-date) from Bavarian Broadcasting Bayerischer Rundfunk
• hr-info from Hessian Broadcasting Hessischer Rundfunk
• MDR Info from Central German Broadcasting Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk
• NDR Info from North German Broadcasting Norddeutscher Rundfunk

All-news stations in Italy[link]

• Radio 24 - The main Italian private all-news radio, owned by the newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore.
• Babboleo News - Italian first local all news radio in Genoa, Liguria.

All-news stations in Ireland[link]

• RTÉ Choice is a news service with news from around the world including several broadcasts from internation stations.

• RTÉ Radio 1 is a Mixed Genre service but it provides the most comprehensive news and current affairs coverage in the country.

• Newstalk is an independent national all news radio service operated by Communicorp.

All-news stations in France[link]

• France Info - Europe's first all news radio station broadcast since 1987.
• BFM Business - Business information

All-news stations in the Netherlands[link]

• BNR Nieuwsradio - Non-stop news.

All-News Radio Stations in Norway[link]

NRK Alltid nyheter- NRK's All-News Station.

All-news stations in Malaysia[link]

• Radio24 (Malaysia) - All news station operated by state news agency, BERNAMA.

All-news stations in the Philippines[link]

AM Band

Almost all AM stations in the Philippines are all-news stations. These are:

• DWIZ 882
• GMA Super Radyo DZBB 594
• RMN DZXL 558 kHz
• DZRH
• ABS-CBN DZMM Radyo Patrol 630
• Radyo Inquirer 990
• Radyo ng Bayan 738
• DZRJ 810AM The Voice of the Philippines (English)
• Aksyon Radyo

FM Band

• Radyo5 92.3 News FM
• 97.5 News and Talk FM (Naga City)

All-news stations in Spain[link]

• Radio 5 Todo Noticias - National news station from the Spanish public broadcaster
• Catalunya Informació - Catalan news station for Catalonia
• Radio Andalucía Información- Regional news station for Andalusia

See also[link]

• Radio format

References[link]

External links[link]

• AM Broadcasting History - Various Articles
• News radio stations in the US and some international.
• Cumulus plans to spread all-news to other Markets.

Martin Roesch founded Sourcefire in 2001 and serves as its Chief Technology Officer. A respected authority on intrusion prevention and detection technology and forensics, he is responsible for the technical direction and product development efforts. Martin, who has 17 years industry experience in network security and embedded systems engineering, is also the author and lead developer of the Snort Intrusion Prevention and Detection System that forms the foundation for the Sourcefire 3D System.

Over the past 14 years, Martin has developed various network security tools and technologies, including intrusion prevention and detection systems, honeypots, network scanners, and policy enforcement systems for organizations such as GTE Internetworking, Stanford Telecommunications, Inc., and the United States Department of Defense. He has applied his knowledge of network security to penetration testing and network forensics for numerous government and large corporate customers. Martin has been interviewed as an industry expert in multiple technology publications, as well as print and online news services such as MSNBC, Wall Street Journal, CNET, ZDNet, and numerous books. Snort has been featured in Scientific American, on A&E's Secret Places: Inside the FBI, and in several books, such as Network Intrusion Detection: An Analysts Handbook, Intrusion Signatures and Analysis, Maximum Security, Hacking Exposed, and others.

In 2006, Martin was named as one of InformationWeek's 18 "Innovators and Influencers" and one of the Tech Council of Maryland's "Most Influential CTOs in Maryland." Martin has also been the recipient of the 2004 InfoWorld IT Heroes Innovator Award as well as winning the 2004 "40 Under 40" award from the Baltimore Business Journal.

Martin holds a B.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Clarkson University. He is also the author of Daemonlogger. ^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Martin's blog

This biographical article relating to a computer specialist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Thaddeus M. Bingel is currently a Principal at Command Consulting Group. Under President George W. Bush from 2007-2008 Bingel served as Chief of Staff for U.S. Customs and Border Protection.^[1] Bingel was also majority counsel to the House Judiciary Committee in the 108th and 109th Congresses.^[2] Bingel served as a consultant and policy analyst under Dick Armey, Former Majority Leader in the 107th Congress.

A native of Plattsburgh, NY, Bingel received his bachelor’s degree from College of the Holy Cross.^[3] He went on to graduate from Georgetown University Law School.

Career[link]

As Chief of Staff at U.S. Customs and Border Protection Bingel worked closely with Commissioner W. Ralph Basham.^[4] In this capacity, Bingel was in charge of keeping the Commissioner informed with any intelligence and making sure news was disseminated appropriately.^[5]

Notes[link]