Arthur Peronneau Hayne (March 12, 1788 – January 7, 1867) was a United States Senator from South Carolina who belonged to the Democratic Party.

Born in Charleston, he pursued classical studies, engaged in business, and served in the War of 1812 as a first lieutenant, major, and inspector general. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel for gallany conduct at New Orleans. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced, and served in the Florida War as commander of the Tennessee Volunteers and retired from the military in 1820.

Hayne was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and was United States naval agent in the Mediterranean for five years. He declined the Belgian mission, and was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Josiah J. Evans and served from May 11, 1858, to December 2, 1858; he was not a candidate to fill the vacancy. He died in Charleston in 1867; interment was in St. Michael's Churchyard.

Arthur Hayne was the older brother of Robert Young Hayne, also a U.S. Senator and Governor of South Carolina; famous for the Webster-Hayne Debate over States' rights.