The following table lists the independent European states, and their memberships in selected organisations and treaties.

State_______(51)[1]	GNI[2]	wage [3]	UN[4]	CoE[5]	OSCE[6]	EU[7]	EEA[8]	CU[9]	Schengen[10]	€[11]	OECD[12]	WTO[13]	ESA[14]	NATO[15]	ICC[16]	VWP[17]
Albania	3,950	332	UN	CoE	OSCE	Applied		EUFTA	EU visa-free	ALL		WTO		NATO	ICC	39.6
Andorra	41,130		UN	CoE	OSCE	x		EUCU	EU visa-free	€		obs			ICC	VWP
Armenia	3,100		UN	CoE	OSCE	EaP	obs	CISFTA	CIS visa-free	AMD		WTO		CSTO	sign	48.9
Austria	46,850	2,758	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	PfP	ICC	VWP
Azerbaijan	4,840		UN	CoE	OSCE	EaP		CISFTA	CIS visa-free	AZN	GUAM	obs		PfP		14.0
Belarus	5,540	528	UN	obs	OSCE	BRU	EAEC	CUBKR	CIS visa-free	BYR		obs	BSA	CSTO		15.5
Belgium	45,310	2,464	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Bosnia and Herz.	4,700	590	UN	CoE	OSCE	CEFTA		EUFTA	EU visa-free	BAM		obs		MAP	ICC	13.9
Bulgaria	5,770		UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	EU visa-free	BGN		WTO	BSA	NATO	ICC	17.8
Croatia	13,810	1,020	UN	CoE	OSCE	Acceding		EUFTA	EU visa-free	HRK		WTO		NATO	ICC	5.3
Cyprus	26,940	2,235	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	EU visa-free	€		WTO	CA		ICC	1.4
Czech Republic	17,310	739	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	CZK	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Denmark	58,930	3,226	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	DKK	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Estonia	14,060	1,098	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ECS	NATO	ICC	VWP
Finland	45,680	2,758	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	PfP	ICC	VWP
France	42,680	2,468	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Georgia	2,530		UN	CoE	OSCE	EaP			Requirements	GEL	GUAM	WTO		ID	ICC	49.7
Germany	42,560	2,754	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Greece	28,630	1,851	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Hungary	12,980	516	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	HUF	OECD	WTO	ECS	NATO	ICC	VWP
Iceland	43,220		UN	CoE	OSCE	Candidate	EEA	EUFTA	Schengen	ISK	OECD	WTO		NATO	ICC	VWP
Ireland	44,310	2,733	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	EU visa-free	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	PfP	ICC	VWP
Italy	35,080	1,967	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Kazakhstan	6,740	425	UN	appl	OSCE	PCA	EAEC	CUBKR	CIS visa-free	KZT		obs	KSA	CSTO		12.2
Kosovo	3,240					CEFTA			Requirements	€						29.0
Latvia	12,390	632	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	LVL		WTO	CA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Liechtenstein	113,210		UN	CoE	OSCE	EFTA	EEA	EUFTA	Schengen	CHF		WTO			ICC	VWP
Lithuania	11,410	668	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	LTL		WTO	CA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Luxembourg	74,430	3,636	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Macedonia	4,400	460	UN	CoE	OSCE	Candidate		EUFTA	EU visa-free	MKD		WTO		MAP	ICC	21.5
Malta	16,690	1,626	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€		WTO	CA	PfP	ICC	VWP
Moldova	1,590	249	UN	CoE	OSCE	EaP	obs	CISFTA	CIS visa-free	MDL	GUAM	WTO		PfP	ICC	41.3
Monaco	203,900		UN	CoE	OSCE	x		EUCU 1	Schengen 2	€					sign	VWP
Montenegro	6,550	699	UN	CoE	OSCE	Candidate		EUFTA	EU visa-free	€		WTO		MAP	ICC	27.5
Netherlands	49,350	2,673	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Norway	86,440	6,079	UN	CoE	OSCE	EFTA	EEA	EUFTA	Schengen	NOK	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Poland	12,260	612	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	PLN	OECD	WTO	ECS	NATO	ICC	13.5
Portugal	20,940	1,405	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Romania	8,330	515	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	EU visa-free	RON		WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	25.0
Russia	9,370	675	UN	CoE	OSCE	BRU	EAEC	CUBKR	CIS visa-free	RUB	disc.	WTO	RSA	CSTO	sign	4.9
San Marino	50,670		UN	CoE	OSCE	x		EUCU	Schengen 2	€					ICC	VWP
Serbia	5,990	461	UN	CoE	OSCE	Candidate		EUFTA	EU visa-free	RSD		obs		PfP	ICC	11.0
Slovakia	16,130	857	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	CA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Slovenia	23,520	1,405	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ECS	NATO	ICC	VWP
Spain	31,870	2,056	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	€	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Sweden	48,930	2,910	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	Schengen	SEK	OECD	WTO	ESA	PfP	ICC	VWP
Switzerland	56,370		UN	CoE	OSCE	EFTA	bilat 3	EUFTA	Schengen	CHF	OECD	WTO	ESA	PfP	ICC	VWP
Turkey	8,730	1,123	UN	CoE	OSCE	Candidate		EUCU	Requirements	TRY	OECD	WTO	CA	NATO		9.0
Ukraine	2,800	287	UN	CoE	OSCE	EaP	obs	CISFTA	CIS visa-free	UAH	GUAM	WTO	CA	PfP	sign	30.9
United Kingdom	41,520	3,712	UN	CoE	OSCE	EU	EEA	EUCU	EU visa-free	GBP	OECD	WTO	ESA	NATO	ICC	VWP
Vatican City	n/d		obs	obs	OSCE	x		EUCU 1	Schengen 2	€		obs				7.1

Euler diagram showing the relationships between various supranational European organisations.

¹ These countries are currently not participating in the EU's single market (EEA), but the EU has common external Customs Union agreements with Turkey (EU-Turkey Customs Union in force since 1995), Andorra (since 1991) and San Marino (since 2002). Monaco participates in the EU customs union through its relationship with France; its ports are administered by the French. Vatican City has a customs union in effect with Italy.
² Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City are not members of Schengen, but act as such via their open borders with France and Italy, respectively.
³ Switzerland is not official member of EEA but has bilateral agreements largely with same content, making it virtual member.

Notes[link]

See also[link]

• Co-ordinated organisations
• List of countries in Europe
• List of European countries by life expectancy
• List of European countries by number of internet users
• List of European countries by budget revenues
• List of European countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
• List of sovereign states in Europe by net average wage
• Europe
• List of conflicts in Europe
• List of international rankings
• International organization
• European integration
• OSCE countries statistics

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Allmusic	[1]

In Europe is an album by Miles Davis, released in 1964.

Track listing[link]

1. "Autumn Leaves"
2. "Milestones"
3. "I Thought About You" (bonus track on the CD not on the original vinyl LP)
4. "Joshua"
5. "All of You"
6. "Walking"

A spoken introduction by Andre Francis precedes these.

Musicians[link]

• Miles Davis trumpet
• George Coleman tenor sax
• Herbie Hancock piano
• Tony Williams drums
• Ron Carter bass

References[link]

This 1960s jazz album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types:^[1]

• International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs): non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally. There are two types:
  • International non-profit organizations. Examples include the World Organization of the Scout Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross and Médecins Sans Frontières.
  • International corporations, referred to as multinational corporations. Examples include The Coca-Cola Company and Toyota.

• Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental organizations (IGOs): the type of organization most closely associated with the term 'international organization', these are organizations that are made up primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states). Notable examples include the United Nations (UN), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Council of Europe (CoE), European Union (EU; which is a prime example of a supranational organization), and World Trade Organization (WTO). The UN has used the term "intergovernmental organization" instead of "international organization" for clarity.^[2]

See also[link]

• Regional integration
• List of intergovernmental organizations

References[link]

Eynulla Fatullayev in Bergen, 2012

Eynulla Emin oglu Fatullayev (Azerbaijani: Eynulla Fətullayev) (born 25 September 1976, Baku) is an Azerbaijani journalist and editor-in-chief of the independent Russian-language weekly Realny Azerbaijan and Azeri-language daily Gündəlik Azərbaycan newspapers. He was imprisoned for four years in Azerbaijan for his criticism of government's policies and for his alleged comments on the Khojaly massacre.^[1][2] His sentence was condemned by Reporters Without Borders,^[3] International PEN,^[4] and the Committee to Protect Journalists,^[5] and Amnesty International named him a prisoner of conscience and 2011 "priority case."^[6]

Career[link]

Eynulla Fatullayev served as the editor of the Realny Azerbaijan (Russian for Real Azerbaijan) and Gündəlik Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani for Azerbaijan Daily). His editorship was notable for its criticism of the Azerbaijani government and its policies.^[7] In both publications, he criticized the government for its violations of press freedom and human rights. He has also been criticised for his article about the 2003 Azerbaijani elections which were accused of being fraudulent.^[7]

Threats, assaults, and kidnappings of family[link]

Threats, intimidation and violence have been used against Eynulla Fatullayev to influence his journalism, including death threats, beatings, legal prosecution, and the kidnapping of family members in Azerbaijan. On July 26, 2004, he was severely beaten with blows to the head on a street in Baku for his articles critical of the government.^[7] Eynulla Fatullayev was also called to face a fine of 25,000 Euros and to be jailed for "insulting the name and dignity" of a deputy in the ruling party, Siyavush Novruzov.^[7]

In early August 2006, Minister Usubov filed three criminal defamation suits against Fatullayev in response to articles titled “The revenge of the antibiotic,” “The failure of the antibiotic,” and “The antibiotic and journalists,” published in July and August, which alleged ties between the Interior Ministry official Ramil Usubov and Haji Mammadov, a former Interior Ministry official who was on trial for murder and kidnapping.^[8] On September 26, 2006, Judge Malakhat Abdulmanafova of the Yasamal District Court in Baku convicted Fatullayev of criminal libel and insult and sentenced him to a conditional two-year prison term, ordered him to publish a retraction, and pay a fine of US$11,300 in moral damages to Usubov.^[8] Fatullayev suspects this was in retaliation to his critical publications against the Interior Ministry.^[8]

On October 1, 2006, Fatullayev was forced to suspend publication of both papers after his father was kidnapped. The kidnappers threatened to kill Fatullayev, as well as his father, if Fatullayev continued to publish the papers. The kidnapping had been preceded by numerous phone threats against Fatullayev and his family.^[9] Fatullayev told Human Rights Watch:

Starting on September 27, I personally, my family, and the paper’s commercial director got frequent phone calls warning us to stop writing critical articles against the Interior Minister Ramil Usubov, or they were going to kill me like Elmar Husseinov [investigative journalist, murdered on March 2, 2005]... They called my mother and threatened to murder the entire family if I did not stop writing.... On September 31, several unidentified, armed people kidnapped my father, blindfolded him, and took him to some kind of a country house. I received a phone call demanding that I stop publication of my newspapers or I would loose (sic) my father... The next morning I announced the closure of the papers. Only then my father was released.^[9]

The "Khojaly Massacre" allegations[link]

On March 6, 2007, Nizami Bahmanov, head of Azerbaijani community of Karabakh, complained that Eynulla Fatullayev had, in an interview published on a website, given "false information" that the Khojaly massacre had been committed by the Azerbaijani army and not by Armenians. Fatullayev said he did not hold an interview with the website and called it propaganda against him.^[10] On March 1, 2007, 70-80 people had held a protest outside the editorial office of Fatullayev and raised posters that accused him of being a Dashnak (Armenian) agent and calling for Fatullayev to be stripped of his citizenship.^[11] After the reading the resolution, the participants threw eggs at the editorial office, breaking two windows. The police suppressed the protest.^[11] On May 31, the Azerbaijani Union of War Veterans expressed its disapproval against Fatullayev's article about the Khojaly massacre.^[1]

Fatullayev was charged with slandering the army and sentenced to two and a half years' imprisonment, a term he served in Baku.^[12] Amnesty International described the case as "trumped up charges after being critical of the government." ^[13]

Imprisonment[link]

While in prison for defamation, additional charges were brought against Fatullayev. In a report about a possible U.S. military strike against Iran, Fatullayev included a list of targets within Azerbaijan, which brought an additional charge of encouraging terrorism. Upon conviction in 2007, he was sentenced to eight and a half years.^[12]

On 30 December 2009, prison officials alleged that they found 0.22 grams of heroin in Fatullayev's cell, a crime for which he was later sentenced to an additional two and a half years' imprisonment.^[4][14] Amnesty International again described the charges as "fabricated."^[14]

The European Court of Human Rights has ordered Azerbaijan to release Fatullayev and to pay him EUR 25,000 in "moral damages".^[15]

Fatullayev was granted a pardon on May 26, 2011.^[16]

International attention[link]

In 2009, Fatullayev was awarded an CPJ International Press Freedom Award for "defending press freedom in the face of attacks, threats or imprisonment."^[17]

On 24 May 2011, UK journalists including Jon Snow of Channel 4 News and John Mulholland, editor of The Observer, joined Amnesty International in issuing a "mass tweet" on Fatullayev's behalf; the journalists photographed themselves with placards reading “Eynulla Fatullayevi azad et!”—meaning “Free Eynulla Fatullayev!” in Azeri—and tweeted the photographs to President Ilham Aliyev.^[18] Fatullayev received a full pardon two days later, and he was released after serving four years of his eight-year sentence.^[2] He attributed his release to the work of Amnesty International activists, saying, "In my opinion, you saved me. Thank you to all those who tweeted."^[19]

Almost one year after his release, UNESCO awarded Fatullayev with its 2012 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize, on which Fatullayev would accept on World Press Freedom Day in Tunis.^[20]

See also[link]

• Human Rights in Azerbaijan
• Elmar Huseynov
• Jabbar Savalan

References[link]

Connie Hedegaard
European Commissioner for Climate Action
Incumbent
Assumed office 9 February 2010
President	José Manuel Barroso
Preceded by	Position established
Minister for Climate and Energy
In office 23 November 2007 – 24 November 2009
Prime Minister	Anders Fogh Rasmussen Lars Løkke Rasmussen
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Lykke Friis
Minister for Nordic Cooperation
In office 18 February 2005 – 23 November 2007
Prime Minister	Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Preceded by	Flemming Hansen
Succeeded by	Bertel Haarder
Minister for the Environment
In office 2 August 2004 – 23 November 2007
Prime Minister	Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Preceded by	Hans Christian Schmidt
Succeeded by	Troels Lund Poulsen
Personal details
Born	(1960-10-15) 15 October 1960 (age 51) Holbæk, Denmark
Political party	Conservative People's Party
Alma mater	University of Copenhagen
Profession	Journalist

Connie Hedegaard 2012

Connie Hedegaard (born 15 September 1960) is a Danish politician and public intellectual who has been European Commissioner for Climate Action in the (second Barroso) European Commission since 10 February 2010.^[1][2]

On behalf of Denmark, she hosted the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2009.^[3] She was Danish Minister for Climate and Energy from 23 November 2007 as a member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen III and that of Lars Løkke Rasmussen and had been the Danish Minister for the Environment from 2 August 2004 to 23 November 2007, as a member of the Cabinet of Anders Fogh Rasmussen I and II.

In Denmark, she was a member of the Conservative People's Party (DKF), and was a member of parliament (Folketing) from 10 January 1984 to 3 October 1990. She was also elected a member of the Folketing in the 2005 Danish parliamentary election. Prior to becoming a minister, she worked as a journalist at DR, the Danish national broadcaster.