Vassily Maximov, "Everything is in the past" (1889).

Most generally, the past is a term used to indicate the totality of events which occurred before a given point in time. The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future. The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience time, and is accessed through memory and recollection. In addition, human beings have recorded the past since the advent of written language.

The past is the object of such fields as history, archaeology, archaeoastronomy, chronology, geology, (historical geology), historical linguistics, law, ontology, paleontology, paleobotany, paleoethnobotany, palaeogeography, paleoclimatology, and cosmology.

File:Bold text--178.198.232.45 (talk) 12:04, 30 May 2012 (UTC)==See also==

• Antiquarian
• Archaism
• Artifact (archaeology)
• Fossil
• Historic preservation
• Museum
• Nostalgia
• Past tense
• Retro style
• The P.A.S.T.

References[link]

v t e Time Major concepts Time Eternity Arguments for eternity Immortality History Past Present Future Futures studies Deep time Time Portal Measurement and standards Chronometry UTC UT TAI Second Minute Hour Sidereal time Solar time Time zone Metric time Decimal time Hexadecimal time Clock Astrarium History of timekeeping devices Horology Marine chronometer Sundial Water clock Calendar Day Week Month Year Tropical year Gregorian Islamic Julian Intercalation Leap second Leap year Chronology Astronomical chronology Calendar era Chronicle Dating methodologies Geochronology Geologic Time Geological history Periodization Regnal year Timeline Religion and mythology Dreamtime Kāla Kalachakra Prophecy Time and fate deities Wheel of time Philosophy A-series and B-series B-Theory of time Causality Endurantism Eternal return Eternalism Event Perdurantism Presentism Temporal finitism Temporal parts The Unreality of Time Physical sciences Time in physics Absolute time and space Arrow of time Chronon Coordinate time Planck epoch Planck time Proper time Spacetime Theory of relativity Time dilation Gravitational time dilation Time domain T-symmetry Biology Chronobiology Circadian rhythms Psychology Mental chronometry Sense of time Specious present Sociology and anthropology Long Now Foundation Time discipline Time use research Economics Time value of money Time-based currency Time Banking Related topics Carpe diem Duration Space System time Tempus fugit Time capsule Time signature Time travel

Immortal Technique
Immortal Technique performing in March 2010.
Background information
Birth name	Felipe Andres Coronel
Born	(1978-02-19) February 19, 1978 (age 34) Lima, Lima Province, Peru[1]
Origin	Harlem, New York, United States
Genres	East Coast hip hop, alternative hip hop, political hip hop, Underground Hip Hop, Hardcore Hip Hop
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	2000–present
Labels	Viper Records
Associated acts	Akir, Diabolic, Lowkey, Chino XL, DJ Green Lantern, La Coka Nostra, Jean Grae, Rockin' Squat, Mos Def, Dead Prez, Ras Kass, Krs-One, Pumpkinhead, Reppin MG
Website	myspace.com/immortaltechnique

Felipe Andres Coronel (born February 19, 1978), better known by the stage name Immortal Technique, is an American rapper of Afro-Peruvian descent as well as an urban activist. He was born in Lima, Peru and raised in Harlem, New York.^[2] Most of his lyrics focus on controversial issues in global politics. The views expressed in his lyrics are largely commentary on issues such as class struggle, poverty, religion, government and institutional racism.

Immortal Technique has voiced a desire to retain control over his production,^[3] and has stated in his music that record companies, not artists themselves, profit the most from mass production and marketing of music. He claimed in an interview to have sold close to 200,000 copies of his three official releases.^[4]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Coronel is African-Peruvian and was born in 1978 in a military hospital in Lima.^[1] His family emigrated in 1980 to Harlem.^[5] During his teenage years he was arrested multiple times due in part to what he has said was "selfish and childish" behavior. He attended Hunter College High School on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Shortly after enrolling in Pennsylvania State University, he was arrested and charged with assault-related offenses due to his involvement in an altercation between fellow students, the charges stemming from this incident led to him being incarcerated for a year.^[1][6] After being paroled, he took political science classes at Baruch College in New York City for two semesters at the behest of his father, who allowed Coronel to live with him on the condition that he go to school.^[7] Honing his rapping skills in jail, and unable to find decent wage-paying employment after his release, Coronel began selling his music on the streets of New York while battling with MCs whenever the opportunity arose.^[8][9][10] This, coupled with his victories in numerous freestyle rap competitions of the New York underground hip hop scene such as Rocksteady Anniversary, Braggin Rites and others, led to his reputation as a ferocious Battle MC.^[11]

Revolutionary Vol.1 and Vol.2[link]

In 2001, Immortal Technique released his first album Revolutionary Vol. 1 without the help of a record label or distribution, instead using money earned from his rap battle triumphs^[11]. He also battled but lost to Posta Boy in 106 & Park's Freestyle Friday. Revolutionary Vol. 1 also contained the underground classic Dance With The Devil. In November 2002, he was listed by The Source in its "Unsigned Hype" column, highlighting artists that are not signed to a record label. The following year, in September 2003, he received the coveted "Hip Hop Quotable" in The Source for a song entitled "Industrial Revolution" from his second album. Immortal Technique is the only rapper in history to have a "Hip Hop Quotable" while being unsigned.^[11] He released his second album Revolutionary Vol. 2 in 2003. In 2004, Viper Records and, in 2005, Babygrande Records re-released Immortal Technique's debut, Revolutionary Vol. 1, to make it available to a wider audience. "Point of No Return" from Revolutionary Vol 2 was used as the entrance theme for Rashad Evans during the UFC 88 Main Event between Chuck Liddell and Rashad Evans.

Revolutionary Vol.3 and The Middle Passage[link]

Immortal Technique (left) at the Roskilde Festival, 2006.

Between 2005 and 2007 Immortal Technique began working on The Middle Passage and The 3rd World, the two albums that would serve a follow up to Revolutionary Vol. 2 and complete the series. He was also featured on several movie soundtracks and video game soundtracks, all the while touring relentlessly and becoming heavily involved in visiting prisons to speak to youth and working with immigrant rights activists and raising tens of thousands of dollars for children’s hospitals overseas. He invested his money not in items that are usually associated with fame but rather in large pieces of farmland in Latin America. He created a writing grant program for high school students as well.^[12]

The Martyr[link]

In October 2011 Immortal Technique released The Martyr, a free compilation album of previously unreleased material and new tracks. ^[13]

Collaborations[link]

The summer of 2005 saw the release of "Bin Laden", a vinyl single 12" featuring Mos Def and DJ Green Lantern. The single also contained a remix of the song featured Chuck D of Public Enemy and KRS-One. In early 2006, the song "Impeach the President", featuring Dead Prez and Saigon turned up in the mixtape "Alive on Arrival" DJ Green Lantern. This is a simple version of The Honeydrippers, 1973, in which Immortal Technique urged fans to organize a vote of censure against George W. Bush. In April 2009, a new song leaked on the internet named "Democratie Fasciste (Article 4)" by Brazilian-French rapper Rockin' Squat which featured Immortal Technique. The official release of the song and Rockin' Squat's album Confessions D'un Enfant Du Siècle Volume 2 was on May 12, 2009. The instrumental from the song was sampled from Wendy Rene's "After Laughter". The song expresses the inequalities of the Third World and revolutionary events throughout history against tyranny and oppression. The song contains lyrics in English (Immortal Technique), French (Rockin' Squat) and brief shout outs in Spanish (Immortal Technique). This song is Immortal Technique's first official international collaboration.^[14] In early 2009, it was announced that there would be a collaboration between Technique and UK underground artist Lowkey, on a single called "Voices of the Voiceless". On September 11, 2009, a "snippet" of the song was released on YouTube.^[15] The preview was released ahead of its September 21 launch on iTunes, as part of a web-campaign that included updates, promotion and links on forums, E-Magazines and several social networking sites. The song's lyrics cover a broad range of issues that are familiar to listeners of both artists – racism, world revolution, war, socialism, government control, rape, famine, colonialism, Classism, self-determination and the war in Iraq.^[16]

Charitable work[link]

Immortal Technique performing in March 2010.

In June 2008, Immortal Technique partnered with Omeid International, a Non–Profit Human Rights Organization, to lend his support. He dubbed the work as "The Green Light Project". With the profits of The 3rd World album, Immortal Technique traveled to Kabul, Afghanistan to help Omeid build an orphanage without any corporate or external funding. The orphanage, having been successfully established, currently houses over 20 orphaned children from Kabul.^[17]

Films[link]

[edit] The (R)evolution of Immortal Technique

A documentary about Immortal Technique was released in September 2011 and premiered at the Harlem Film Festival.^[18]

[edit] This Revolution

Immortal Technique appeared as himself in a docudrama film entitled This Revolution, which was recorded during the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York. The tape contains the protests surrounding the convention in the form of a documentary. It also featured Viper Records affiliates Akir and producer SouthPaw in roles.

Since then Immortal Technique has taken control of Viper Records and has signed a distribution deal with Babygrande Records / E1 Entertainment to vent to their next album. SouthPaw has managed to establish himself as A&R of Viper Records.

Discography[link]

Studio Albums[link]

Compilation Albums[link]

• 2011: The Martyr

Singles[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Find more about Immortal Technique on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Images and media from Commons
	Quotations from Wikiquote

• Official website
• Immortal Technique on Twitter
• Immortal Technique on Myspace
• Immortal Technique at Allmusic
• Immortal Technique at MTV
• Immortal Technique at AllRovi
• Immortal Technique at the Internet Movie Database

Brian Weiss
Born	(1944-11-06)November 6, 1944 New York, USA
Residence	Miami, Florida
Citizenship	American
Nationality	United States
Fields	Psychiatry
Alma mater	Columbia University, Yale University
Known for	Reincarnation research

Brian Leslie Weiss (born November 6, 1944), M.D., is an American psychiatrist. His research includes reincarnation, past life regression, future-life progression and survival of the human soul after death.

Personal and professional life[link]

Weiss graduated from the Yale University School of Medicine in 1970, completing an internship in internal medicine at the New York University Medical Center then returning to Yale for a two-year residency in psychiatry.^[1]

Weiss currently lives with his wife Carole in Miami, Florida, where he writes and conducts public seminars on the subject of reincarnation. He is the Chairman Emeritus of the Department of Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami.

Past life regression and future life progression[link]

According to Weiss, in 1980 one of his patients - "Catherine" - began discussing past life experiences under hypnosis. Weiss has stated that he did not believe in reincarnation at the time but, after confirming elements of Catherine's past-life stories through research into public records, came to be convinced of the survival of an element of the human personality after death.^[2] Since 1980, Weiss claims he has regressed more than 4,000 patients.

Weiss advocates the therapeutic benefits of hypnotic regression, noting his belief that many present-life phobias and ailments are rooted in past-life experiences that - when acknowledged by the patient - have a curative effect on the present-life condition. Weiss also writes about the messages received by the Ascended masters he claims to have communicated through his subjects.

Criticism[link]

Weiss's research has been criticised for having been conducted without standard scientific protocols or peer review.

Two empirical investigations of past life regression therapy offer an opposition to Weiss’ claims as they provide an interesting perspective on where the “past life memories” really come from. One of these studies was completed by Korean psychologists Pyun and Kim ^[3] who in fact were inspired by Weiss’ 1988 and 1992 books on the topic, and a similar Canadian study by Spanos et al. ^[4]

To explore the nature of past-life memories in hypnosis Pyun & Kim recruited 64 male adults and gave them a scale for hypnotic susceptibility (HGSHS:K) and a scale to measure belief in past-life. The participants received hypnotic past-life regression 3 times. Researchers found that participants who were rated more susceptible to hypnosis responded more to the past life regression therapy. In addition, when the content of the past life memories of the Korean and the Canadian studies were further analysed cultural and religious backgrounds had an influence on the content of the memories produced. That is, participants in the Korean study often had past life animal identities while the participants in the Canadian study only produced human identities. This may be related to the Buddhist beliefs of reincarnation with animal spirits and the lack of this belief in Christian groups. Also, subjects in the Canadian study mainly listed North American and European countries as their past nationalities while Korean’s mainly reported Korea. Considering this, it seems that easily imagined or favorable conditions were produced in past life memories, lending credibility to the theory that these memories are more a production of ones’ imagination than true history. Further opposing Weiss’ concepts are the large amounts of past research that have clearly indicated that some memories retrieved in hypnosis are in fact pseudomemories and/or confabulations ^[5] It should be surprising then that the general public, and even some medical professionals, believe that it is possible to remember past experiences from past lives in hypnosis.

Together, these studies lend a more skeptical view on Weiss’ concepts in suggesting that past life memories produced from hypnotic therapy may be less “mystical” than suggested however, this research is not responding to the idea that past life regression psychotherapy has some potential beneficial qualities in the treatment of mental illness. Further empirical evidence is needed in order to investigate its treatment efficiency. However, considering the mechanisms of production of past-life memories in hypnosis may aid in improving misunderstandings about hypnosis and its uses, especially in a time of evidence-based medicine.

Media[link]

Weiss is a frequent guest on national television and radio talk shows, including: Oprah,^[6] Coast to Coast AM,^[7] Larry King Live and 20/20. He is the author of seven books on the subject of reincarnation, including Only Love is Real, a USA Today bestseller.^[8]

Weiss was mentioned in the song, "No Creo" by Colombian singer Shakira.

Weiss is also a contributor to InfiniteQuest.com^[9]

Works[link]

• Many Lives, Many Masters. ISBN 0-671-65786-0
• Through Time into Healing. ISBN 0-7499-1835-7.
• Only Love Is Real ISBN 0-7499-1620-6.
• Messages From the Masters. ISBN 0-7499-2167-6
• Same Soul, Many Bodies. ISBN 0-7499-2541-8.
• Mirrors of Time.
• Same Soul, Many Bodies: Discover The Healing Power Of Future Lives Through Progression Therapy. ISBN 0-7432-6434-7.

References[link]