This article is missing information about older notes. This concern has been noted on the talk page where whether or not to include such information may be discussed. (April 2012)

Brazilian real
real brasileiro (Portuguese)
100 reais banknote of the latest series,announced February 2010. Issued on December 13, 2010. [1][2] 100 reais banknote of the latest series, announced February 2010. Issued on December 13, 2010. [1][2]
ISO 4217 code	BRL
Central bank	Central Bank of Brazil
Website	http://www.bcb.gov.br
User(s)	Brazil
Inflation	6.5% (2011)
Source	Central Bank of Brazil, 2012.
Subunit
1/100	centavo
Symbol	R$
Plural	Reais
Coins
Freq. used	5, 10, 25, 50 centavos, R$1
Rarely used	1 centavo (discontinued in 2006)
Banknotes
Freq. used	R$2, R$5, R$10, R$20, R$50, R$100
Rarely used	R$1 (discontinued in 2006)
Printer	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	http://www.casadamoeda.com.br
Mint	Casa da Moeda do Brasil
Website	http://www.casadamoeda.com.br

The real ( /reɪˈɑːl/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁeˈaw]; pl. reais) is the present-day currency of Brazil. Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL. It is subdivided into 100 centavos ("hundredths").

The modern real was introduced in 1994 as part of the Plano Real, a substantial monetary reform package that aimed to put an end to three decades of rampant inflation. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1:1 exchange rate with the United States dollar. It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2:1 in 1999, reached almost 4:1 in 2002, then partly recovered and has been approximately 2:1 since 2006. The exchange rate as of January 22, 2012 is BRL 1.75 to USD 1.00.

In Portuguese the word real means both "royal" and "real". The name of the historic real derived from the first sense. The name of the modern currency is generally understood to refer both to the historic unit and to the second sense.^{[citation needed]}

The dollar-like sign (cifrão) in the currency's symbol (both historic and modern), and in all the other past Brazilian currencies, is officially^{[citation needed]} written with two vertical strokes (Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \mathrm{S}\!\!\!\Vert ) rather than one. However Unicode considers the difference to be only a matter of font design, and does not have a separate code for the two-stroked version.

History[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The modern real (plural reais) was introduced on July 1, 1994, during the presidency of Itamar Franco, when Fernando Henrique Cardoso was the Minister of Finance, as part of a broader plan to stabilize the Brazilian economy, known as the Plano Real. The new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real (CR$). The reform included the demonetization of the cruzeiro real and required a massive banknote replacement.

At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor (URV, "real value unit") a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2750 cruzeiros reais, which was the average exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the cruzeiro real on that day. As a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U.S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the country's history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 x 10¹⁸ (2.75 quintillions) of Brazil's original "réis".

Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U.S. dollar, due to large capital inflows in late 1994 and 1995. During that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$ 1.20. Between 1996 and 1998 the exchange rate was tightly controlled by the Central Bank, so that the real depreciated slowly and smoothly in relation to the dollar, rising from near 1:1 to about 1.2:1 by the end of 1998. In January 1999 the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga, released its control. The Real suffered sudden and unexpected maxi-devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2 : US$1.

In the following years, the currency's value against the dollar followed an erratic but mostly downwards path from 1999 until late 2002, when the prospect of the election of leftist candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, considered a radical populist by sectors of the financial markets, prompted another currency crisis and a spike in inflation. Many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies. In October 2002 the exchange rate reached its historic low of almost R$4 per US$1. The crisis subsided once Lula took office, after he, his finance minister Antonio Palocci, and Arminio Fraga reaffirmed their intention to continue the orthodox macroeconomic policies of his predecessor (including inflation-targeting, primary fiscal surplus and floating exchange rate, as well as continued payments of the public debt). The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2 : US$1. In May 2007, for the first time since 1999, the real became worth more than US$ 0.50 — even though the Central Bank, concerned about its effect on the Brazilian economy, had tried to keep it below that symbolic threshold.

[edit] Historical exchange rate (BRL:USD)

• 25 Jan 2002: 2.385
• 12 Apr 2002: 2.27118
• 27 Jun 2002: 2.83026
• 30 Sep 2002: 3.87
• 12 Oct 2002: 3.93679
• 27 Dec 2002: 3.53876
• 18 Feb 2003: 3.61967
• 28 Jun 2003: 2.87868
• 30 Sep 2003: 2.9362
• 28 Dec 2003: 2.9
• 31 Mar 2004: 2.9155
• 23 May 2004: 3.1805
• 28 Jun 2004: 3.10219
• 30 Sep 2004: 2.85404
• 28 Dec 2004: 2.69267
• 19 Feb 2005: 2.563
• 26 Mar 2005: 2.7385
• 28 Jun 2005: 2.3836
• 25 Sep 2005: 2.2635
• 11 Nov 2005: 2.175
• 28 Dec 2005: 2.3607
• 27 Mar 2006: 2.1537
• 7 May 2006: 2.0569
• 29 Dec 2006: 2.13697
• 7 Nov 2007: 1.73045
• 4 Aug 2008: 1.5605
• 22 Jul 2011: 1.5548
• 18 Mar 2012: 1.7990

Users[link]

Brazil, and sometimes used in bordering countries, specially Brazil-Uruguay border in which every year millions of Brazilians go for shopping at the Duty Free stores.

Coins[link]

First series (1994-1997)[link]

In 1994, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents and 1 real. All were struck in stainless steel. They remain legal tender but since December 31, 1997 they are being slowly withdrawn from circulation by the Central Bank.

Second series (1998-)[link]

In 1998, a second series of coins was introduced. It featured copper-plated steel coins of 1 and 5 centavos, brass-plated steel coins of 10 and 25 centavos, a cupronickel 50 centavos coin, and a bi-coloured brass and cupronickel coin of 1 real. However, from 2002 onwards, steel was used for the 50 centavos coin and the central part of the 1 real coin.

In November 2005, the Central Bank discontinued the production of 1 centavo coins, but the existing ones continue to be legal tender. Retailers now generally round their prices to the next 5 or 10 centavos.

Commemorative coins[link]

The Brazilian Central Bank has also issued special commemorative versions of the 1 real coin on special occasions. These coins are legal tender and differ from the standard ones only on the reverse side.

Banknotes[link]

Original series[link]

In 1994, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 reais. These were followed by 2 reais in 2000 and 20 reais in 2001. On December 31, 2005, BCB discontinued the production of the 1 real banknote, but it remains legal tender.

Polymer 10 real note[link]

In April 2000, in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival on Brazilian shores, the Brazilian Central Bank released a polymer 10 real banknote that circulates along with the other banknotes above. The Brazilian Mint printed 250 million of these notes, which at the time accounted for about half of the 10 real banknotes in circulation.

This note contains a more complex design, as follows: Obverse:

• Image of Pedro Álvares Cabral, the Portuguese sea captain;
• A representation of the map "Terra Brasilis", one of the earliest drawings of the land;
• A passage from Pero Vaz de Caminha's letter to King Manuel I of Portugal, the first known description of Brazil;
• A 16th century Portuguese Rose of Winds;
• To the right of the map, five ships from Cabral's expedition appear;
• In the background, decorative elements from Portuguese tiles can be seen;
• The white area around the red dot is actually transparent (the red dot is translucent);
• Finally, also in the background, the Cross from the Order of Christ, which was present in all Portuguese ships of the time, appears.

Reverse: A stylized map of Brazil with photographs depicting the ethnic variety of the Brazilian people (white, black, and amerindian).

New series[link]

On February 3, 2010, the Central Bank of Brazil announced a new series of the real banknotes which would begin to be released in April 2010. The new design will add security enhancements which aim to reduce counterfeiting. The notes will have different sizes according to their values to help vision-impaired people. The changes were made reflecting the growth of the Brazilian economy and the need for a stronger and safer currency. The new banknotes have begun to enter circulation in December 2010, coexisting with the older ones.^[3]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Real

See also[link]

• Portuguese real
• Plano Real
• Economy of Brazil

References[link]

External links[link]

• Brazil's Currency War
• Coins of Brazil with Pictures
• Images of historic and modern Brazilian bank notes
• The Invention of the Real (This American Life)

v t e Historical currencies of Brazil Real (Réis) Rs [—] 1790–1942 Cruzeiro Cr / ₢ [BRZ] 1942–1967 Cruzeiro (novo) NCr / Cr$ [BRB] 1967–1986 Cruzado Cz$ [BRC] 1986–1989 Cruzado novo NCz$ [BRN] 1989–1990 Cruzeiro Cr$ [BRE] 1990–1993 Cruzeiro real CR$ [BRR] 1993–1994 Real R$ [BRL] 1994–present

v t e Currency signs (¤) Circulating ฿ B/. Br ₵ ¢ C$ ₡ ден. ₫ ֏ € ƒ Ft G ₲ ₴ Kč ₭ L L / E £ / ₤ лв. ₦ ₱ P Q R ﷼ ៛ RM Rp RSD/РСД ₹ ₨ S/. ৳ R$ $ ₪ ₸ ₮ VT ₩ ¥ zł Historic ₳ ₢ ₰ DM ₯ ₠ ₣ I/. Kčs Lm ℳ ₥ ₧ ℛℳ Sk ₷

Bob Burnquist
Burnquist skating in Brazil, 2008
Born	Robert Dean Silva Burnquist (1976-10-10) October 10, 1976 (age 35) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nationality	Brazilian
Citizenship	United States and Brazil
Occupation	Skateboarder Co-owner of Burnquist Organics
Years active	1992–present
Height	6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Spouse	Verônica Nachard
Children	2, Lotus O'Brien Silva Burnquist, Jasmyn
Website
BobBurnquist.com

Summer X Games medal record
Competitor for  Brazil
Gold	2000 San Francisco	Vert Best Trick
Gold	2001 Philadelphia	Vert
Gold	2003 Los Angeles	Vert Doubles
Gold	2005 Los Angeles	Vert Best Trick
Gold	2007 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air
Gold	2008 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air
Gold	2010 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air Rail Jam
Gold	2011 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air
Silver	2002 Philadelphia	Vert
Silver	2002 Philadelphia	Vert Doubles
Silver	2006 Los Angeles	Vert
Silver	2009 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air
Silver	2009 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air Rail Jam
Silver	2010 Los Angeles	Skateboard Big Air
Bronze	1997 San Diego	Vert
Bronze	1998 San Diego	Vert Doubles
Bronze	1999 San Francisco	Vert Best Trick
Bronze	2001 Philadelphia	Vert Best Trick
Bronze	2006 Los Angeles	Vert Best Trick
Bronze	2010 Los Angeles	Vert Best Trick

Robert Dean Silva Burnquist (born October 10, 1976), better known as Bob Burnquist, is a Brazilian professional skateboarder.^[1][2][3] In 2010 he became the first skateboarder to land a fakie to fakie 900. This also makes Burnquist the 5th person in history to have ever landed the 900.

Background[link]

Bob Burnquist was born in Rio de Janeiro to a Swedish-American father and a Brazilian mother.^[3] He became adept at skateboarding in São Paulo. As an adult he emigrated to North America; he holds dual citizenship in Brazil and the U.S.

Career[link]

Burnquist's biggest success to date came at the vert contest at the 2001 X-Games. Before his final run (the last run of the event) he was sitting in second place behind two-time defending champion Bucky Lasek. Burnquist produced a flawless run, including multiple tricks that had never been seen before and, as a result, were unnamed. During the run, commentator Tony Hawk went hoarse and nearly lost his voice while screaming in disbelief. Burnquist was rewarded with a 98, the second highest score ever given in any X-Games skateboarding event, behind only Bucky Lasek's score of a 98.50 the year before.^[4]

Burnquist's specialties are in switch stance skateboarding and creating innovative vert tricks. He has always tried to find new ways to make his tricks more creative and more difficult. He has a signature trick called "one-footed smith grind". Burnquist has also been featured in the hit video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater, and appeared in all of its sequels with the exception of Pro Skater 3, due to license restrictions as a result of his appearing in another skating game, X-Games Skateboarding, during that year. He returned as a featured character in the series starting again with Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 and has since appeared in all the series' games following that.

In 2004, Burnquist made a guest appearance as himself on the popular TV series, Kim Possible and also won a gold medal in the 2005 X-Games Best Trick vert contest.

Burnquist is the only skater to go over a loop ramp with a gap in it (OP King Of Skate). Not only was the loop gapped, but Burnquist also did the gap switch. He is also the first skater to go through a loop while riding switch stance, and the first to go all the way around a full pipe just by pumping up to speed inside it. In 2000, Burnquist won the X-Games' best trick contest, with his famous fakie 5-0 with a fakie Kickflip off of the grind bar. He created a trick called "Burntwist", which is in the Tony Hawk's series.

Burnquist completed a BASE jump after attempting a 50-50 into the Grand Canyon. The first attempt nearly cost Burnquist his life after he missed the rail and fell out of control before regaining himself and successfully deploying his parachute. After some adjustments to the take-off ramp his second attempt went off flawlessly. This stunt was shown in an episode of the television show Stunt Junkies.

He formerly lived with professional skateboarder Jen O'Brien, and their daughter Lotus. He now lives with Veronica Nachard and their daughter Jasmyn (born 2007) in Vista, California, where he has a world-renowned vert ramp in his backyard.^[5] This ramp has been skated by dozens of famous skateboarders, including Colin McKay, Tony Hawk, Rune Glifberg Bucky Lasek, and Lincoln Ueda, and has been featured in hundreds of magazines and videos, including Tony Hawk's Trick Tips and Thrasher Magazine.^[6] Burnquist's latest addition to his backyard skate-park is one of the world's few permanent Mega Ramps.^[7]

He had also started the Bob Burnquist Foundation to bring knowledge about organic farming and gardening to schools, and was one of the founders of the Action Sports Environmental Coalition, a nonprofit organization that brings ecological awareness to skateboarders, surfers and BMXers.^[8]

Videography[link]

Burnquist has been featured in many videos including:

• Es Menikmati

• Anti Hero's Self Entitled Video "Anti Hero"

• Anti Hero's First Video "F***tards"

• The Firm's "Can't Stop"

• Flip's "Extremely Sorry"

• Viva La Bam

Burnquist was featured in a commercial for Aero choclate bars.

Contest history[link]

• 1st in 2011 X Games Big Air
• 1st in 2010 X Games Big Air Rail Jam
• 3rd in 2010 X Games Vert Best Trick
• 2nd in 2010 X Games Big Air
• 2nd in 2009 X Games Big Air
• 3rd in 2009 Maloof Money Cup
• 2nd in 2009 X Games Big Air Rail Jam
• 1st in 2008 X Games Big Air
• 1st in 2007 X Games Big Air
• 3rd in 2006 X Games Big Air
• 1st in 2006 The Coolio Games
• 1st in 2005 X Games Vert Best Trick
• 1st in 2003 X Games vert doubles (with Bucky Lasek)
• 2nd in 2002 X Games vert doubles (with Bucky Lasek)
• 1st in 2001 X Games vert
• 1st in 2001 Slam City Jam vert.
• 1st in 2000 X Games Vert Best Trick
• 1st in 2000 Slam City Jam vert.
• 1st in 1995 Slam City Jam vert.
• 4th in 1996 Gravity Games Jam vert.

References[link]