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Look up mound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Grave Creek Mound, in Moundsville, West Virginia

A mound is a general term for an artificial heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris. The most common use is in reference to natural earthen formation such as hills and mountains, particularly if they appear artificial. The term may also be applied to any rounded area of topographically higher elevation on any surface. Artificial mounds have been created for a variety of reasons throughout history, including ceremonial (platform mound), burial (tumulus), and commemorative purposes (e.g. Kościuszko Mound).

North American archaeology[link]

In the archaeology of the United States and Canada, the term "mound" has specific and technical connotations. In this sense, a mound is a deliberately constructed elevated earthen structure or earthwork, intended for a range of potential uses. In European and Asian archaeology, the word "tumulus" may be used as a synonym for an artificial hill, particularly if the hill is related to particular burial customs.

While the term "mound" may be applied to historic constructions, most mounds in the United States are prehistoric earthworks, built by Native American peoples. Native Americans built a variety of mounds, including flat-topped pyramids or cones known as platform mounds, rounded cones, and ridge or loaf-shaped mounds. Some mounds took on unusual shapes, such as the outline of cosmologically significant animals. These are known as effigy mounds. Some mounds, such as a few in Wisconsin, have rock formations, or petroforms within them, on them, or near them.

While these mounds are perhaps not as famous as burial mounds, like their European analogs, Native American mounds also have a variety of other uses. While some prehistoric cultures, like the Adena culture, used mounds preferentially for burial, others used mounds for other ritual and sacred acts, as well as for secular functions. The platform mounds of the Mississippian culture, for example, may have supported temples, the houses of chiefs, council houses, and may have also acted as a platform for public speaking. Other mounds would have been part of defensive walls to protect a certain area. The Hopewell culture used mounds as markers of complex astronomical alignments related to ceremonies.

Mounds and related earthworks are the only significant monumental construction in prehistoric Eastern and Central North America.

Mounds are given different names depending on which culture they strive from. They can be located all across the world in spots such as Asia, Europe and the Americas. "Mound builders" have more commonly been associated with the mounds in the Americas. They all have different meanings and sometimes are constructed as animals and can be clearly seen from aerial views.

Archaeology elsewhere[link]

Mound, as a technical term in archaeology, is not generally in favor in the rest of the world. More specific local terminology is preferred, and each of these terms has its own article (see below).

Mound types[link]

• Cairn
  • Chambered cairn
• Effigy mound
• Kofun (Japanese mounds)
• Platform mound
• Tell (also includes multi-lingual synonyms for mounds in the Near East)
• Tumulus (Barrow)
  • Bank barrow
  • Bell barrow
  • Bowl barrow
  • Chambered long barrow
  • Kurgan
  • Long barrow
  • Oval barrow

See also[link]

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Mound.

• Fort Ancient
• Kofun period
• Kurgan hypothesis
• Neolithic Europe
• Petroform
• Olmec
  • La Venta
  • San Jose Mogote
• Prehistoric Britain

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Carlos Quentin
Quentin with the White Sox
San Diego Padres – No. 18
Right field
Born: (1982-08-28) August 28, 1982 (age 29) Bellflower, California
Bats: Right	Throws: Right
MLB debut
July 20, 2006 for the Arizona Diamondbacks
Career statistics (through 2011)
Batting average	.252
Home runs	121
Runs batted in	383
Hits	529
Teams
Arizona Diamondbacks (2006–2007) Chicago White Sox (2008–2011) San Diego Padres (2012–present)
Career highlights and awards
2× All-Star (2008, 2011) Silver Slugger Award winner (2008)

Carlos José Quentin (born August 28, 1982) is an American outfielder for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball. In 2008 and in 2011, Quentin was selected as an All-Star.^[1]

Early career[link]

Quentin attended Saint Pius X Elementary School (Chula Vista, California). Before Quentin went on to be a professional baseball player, he already had an outstanding sports career in both high school and college. At University of San Diego High School, he was a three-sport star, excelling in baseball, football, and basketball. He led his baseball team to two Western League Championships, while setting a record at the school with 28 home runs and 119 RBIs.

In football his senior year, he was selected First Team All-County, All-CIF, and All-Western League, and was named Western League Defensive Player of the Year as an outside linebacker. He also captured two league and two section titles. In addition, he participated on the 1997 high school state championship team in basketball. He was named the San Diego Male Athlete of the Year in 2000. Aside from sports, he was on his school honor roll. He then went on to Stanford University, where he excelled even more.

College[link]

His Stanford career was exceptional; he was named All Pac-10 the three seasons he played (freshman, sophomore and junior). He was honored by Baseball America magazine all three seasons as well. He was named Pac-10 Freshman of the Year in 2001. In his junior season (2003), he was named Third Team All-American by the NCBWA and was one of five finalists for the Golden Spikes Award. He played alongside future major leaguers, Tampa Bay Rays outfielder Sam Fuld and Houston Astros shortstop Jed Lowrie.^[2]

Quentin helped lead the Cardinal to postseason appearances all three years of his collegiate career, culminating in a 2-for-2, 2-RBI performance in Stanford's 2003 College World Series Championship Series Game 3 loss to Rice University. He finished his Stanford career with a .350 batting average, 35 home runs, 170 RBIs, and 26 stolen bases in 199 games played for the Cardinals.

He married his college sweetheart Jeane Goff, an All-American track runner from Stanford.

Professional career[link]

Minor leagues[link]

Quentin was Arizona's second first round pick of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft, selected 29th overall. He sat out that year after undergoing Tommy John surgery on his right elbow (a rare procedure for non-pitchers). Once recovered, he quickly became part of a talented core of young Diamondbacks prospects.

Quentin set a minor-league record in 2004 when he was hit by a pitch 43 times. That season, he led all Arizona minor league players in batting (.332), RBIs (91), runs (103), hits (157), and walks (69), numbers that were divided between Single-A Lancaster and Double-A El Paso. He also starred on a TV show chronicling the life of a minor leaguer with Chris Young and Dustin Nippert.

Arizona Diamondbacks[link]

Quentin in 2007 on the field with the Phillie Phanatic.

2006[link]

Quentin was hitting .289 with 30 doubles, three triples, nine homers and 52 RBIs in 85 games for the Tucson Sidewinders when he was called up to the Diamondbacks on July 20, 2006; after grounding out in his first two major league at bats, Quentin hit a two-run home run off Mark Hendrickson in the sixth inning of Arizona's 5-2 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers. His arrival was long anticipated by Diamondbacks fans; he was expected to replace Shawn Green as the everyday right fielder for the Diamondbacks once Green retired or otherwise left the team. Green was traded to the New York Mets in August, clearing the way for Quentin to become a full-time starter. Quentin would finish the 2006 season with a .253 batting average, 9 home runs, and 32 RBIs in 57 games for the Diamondbacks.

2007[link]

He began the 2007 season on the disabled list when he was diagnosed with a partial tear of his left labrum during Spring Training. He made his season debut on April 16 against the Dodgers and finished 2-for-4 with two doubles. After producing disappointing results through the first half of the season (.210, 5 HR, 28 RBIs in 66 games), Quentin was demoted to Triple-A on July 6.

Chicago White Sox[link]

Quentin batting on July 23, 2008.

On December 3, 2007, Quentin was traded to the Chicago White Sox for minor league first baseman Christopher Carter. Carter played for the low Class A Kannapolis Intimidators in 2007, and was considered one of the White Sox' best prospects.

2008[link]

In 2008, Quentin was a huge surprise for the White Sox, emerging to become one of the team's best hitters. Through August 18, he was ranking among American League leaders in home runs (first, 35), slugging percentage (third, .586), OPS (third, .981), and runs batted in (third, 96). Quentin's strong season drew calls for a possible AL MVP award. After Quentin hit his 35th HR in a 13-5 rout of the Mariners on August 18, White Sox catcher AJ Pierzynski said, "As far as I'm concerned, Quentin has been the American League MVP."

White Sox fans bestowed the nickname "TCQ," standing for "The Carlos Quentin." The name originated from a quote from GM Ken Williams after he acquired Quentin. He said, "We wanted to upgrade at shortstop, get a setup guy for the bullpen, acquire Carlos Quentin, and not a guy like him but actually Carlos Quentin."

Quentin's other local nickname is "Q-uperman." The "Q-uperman" sign, depicting Quentin as Superman with an "Q" on his chest, was shown many times on the Jumbotron at the park, and even received mention in the Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, and on ESPN's Baseball Tonight.

Due to Jim Thome's slow start, manager Ozzie Guillén promoted the red-hot Quentin up the batting order into Thome's customary third spot for one game against the Angels in Anaheim. Quentin delivered a key eighth-inning grand slam, breaking a 1-1 tie, and kicked off a run that saw the White Sox win 10 of 12 games and charge to first place. He stayed in the 3rd spot in the order thereafter. During a nationally televised home game on May 25, Quentin clocked two home runs off of the Angels' John Lackey and drove in all of the White Sox runs in a 3-2 walk-off victory. His towering home runs drew comparisons to sluggers such as José Canseco and Luis Gonzalez. Angels center fielder Torii Hunter characterized his pure power as "tremendous pop, like Hulk Hogan. He's crazy strong."

Quentin injured his wrist after slamming his bat with his wrist in frustration after fouling off a pitch in Cleveland. . On September 5, 2008, it was reported that Quentin had a fractured wrist and would undergo surgery, missing the rest of the season.^[3]

Defensively, in 2008 he had the lowest fielding percentage of all starting AL left fielders, .971.^[4]

Even though he missed the last month of the season, Quentin was awarded his first Silver Slugger Award.

Quentin finished fifth in the balloting for AL MVP, behind Dustin Pedroia, Justin Morneau, Kevin Youkilis, and Joe Mauer.^[5]

2009[link]

Quentin played well at the start of the 2009 season but he hit a slump after suffering from plantar fasciitis which hampered his swing. He was forced to miss several games in May as a result of the injury and was eventually placed on the 15-day disabled list at the end of the month.^[6][7] He was activated again on July 21, 2009, against the Tampa Bay Rays. He went 1-4 in his return.

In 2009 he was named # 40 on the Sporting News' list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball. A panel of 100 baseball people, many of them members of the Baseball Hall of Fame and winners of major baseball awards, was polled to arrive at the list.^[8]

2010[link]

Quentin was mired in a batting slump for a good portion of the first half of the season. He finally went on a hot streak, hitting eight homers. Carlos went from eight to twelve homers in nine games, most of which came during a White Sox 11-game win streak. Also during that win streak, he hit home run #13 against the Chicago Cubs and had a two-homer game soon after against the Los Angeles Angels. He hit two homers on July 10, then hit two more homers, one of them a grand slam, on July 11 against the Kansas City Royals. Carlos Quentin entered the 2010 All-Star break batting .244 with 19 home runs and 61 RBIs, placing him among the American League leaders in both home runs and RBIs. He finished the season hitting .243 with 26 homers and 87 RBIs.

2011[link]

Thus far in 2011, Quentin had 34 walks, a .501 slugging percentage, and a career high 31 doubles through 117 games.

In 2011, Quentin led the major leagues in being hit by pitch, with 23.^[9] He batted .254 with 24 home runs and 77 RBIs.^[10]

San Diego Padres[link]

On December 31, 2011, Quentin was traded from the White Sox to the San Diego Padres for Simón Castro and Pedro Hernandez.^[11]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Carlos Quentin

• Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
• Carlos Quentin bio on Stanford Cardinal athletics website
• No. 21 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2005 - Minor League News
• No. 4 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2006 - Minor League News
• Major League News
• Major League News
• Game recap 2008/05/25
• Carlos Quentin Scouting Report from Dugout Central