- published: 22 Apr 2008
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Lithuanian Jews or Litvaks are Jews with roots in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: (present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia and the northeastern Suwałki region of Poland). The term is sometimes used to cover all Orthodox Jews who follow a "Lithuanian" (Ashkenazic and non-Hasidic) style of life and learning, whatever their ethnic background. The area where Lithuanian Jews lived is referred to in Yiddish as "Líte."
Lithuania was historically home to a large and influential Jewish community that was almost entirely eliminated during the Holocaust (see The Holocaust in Lithuania). Before World War II, the Lithuanian Jewish population was some 160,000, about 7% of the total population. Vilnius (then Wilno in the Second Polish Republic) had a Jewish community of nearly 100,000, about 45% of the city's total population. There were over 110 synagogues and 10 yeshivas in Vilnius alone. About 4,000 Jews were counted in Lithuania during the 2005 census.
Quoting the research done by H. G. Adler into Poland during World War II called Theresienstadt 1941–1945, there were '80,000 Jews conscripted into Poland's independent army prior to the German invasion who identified themselves as Lithuanian Jews'. Using different sources Holocaust researchers claim there were between 60,000 and 65,000 Jewish soldiers in Poland's independent army who identified themselves as Lithuanian Jews.
Dina Baitler, age seven, was brought to the forest of Ponary outside of the city of Vilna, Lithuania together with thousands of other Jews. From morning till night the Jews were lined up and shot into pits located in the forest. Although wounded, Dina miraculously managed to escape. In her testimony here Dina describes here the horrors that took place that day in Ponary. Her eyewitness testimony ensures that the mass murder that took place will not be forgotten or denied. For more information: http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/about/04/baltic.asp Or in Hebrew: http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/he/holocaust/about/04/baltic.asp This video is one of many that can be viewed in Yad Vashem's Holocaust History Museum: http://bit.ly/hPaH66
Tuesday, October 22, 2013 | 7pm YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Book Talk Antony Polonsky, Brandeis University For centuries, Poland and Russia formed the heartland of the Jewish world. Until World War II, this area was home to over forty percent of world Jewry: nearly three and a half million Jews lived in Poland, and nearly three million more lived in the Soviet Union. Although the majority of American and European Jews originate from Eastern Europe, the history of this life and civilization is not well known, or has been reduced to a story of persecution and martyrdom. In his masterful three-volume history, 'The Jews in Poland and Russia: 1350 to the Present Day', Polonsky avoids sentimentalism and mythologizing, and provides a comprehensive and detailed account of this great civi...
Description at beginning of film This city is known by three names. Lviv (Ukrainian) Pronounced as L'vil. Lwow (Polish) pronounced L'vuf..L'vof Russian. Also called Lemburg by the Germans. The pogrom against the Jews there may be associated by either of these names so it can be confusing. Actions like this also happened in Kaunas Lithuania and mostly perpetrated by Lithuanians as well. Latvia. One of the first films showing Jews forced to run to trenches to be shot was filmed by a of duty German sailor here in 1941. This film is intended for education only. No generation of any peoples of today should be associated with what happened back then. Music. Krzysztof Penderecki. "The Dream of Jacob"
Sarah Bunin Benor - professor of Jewish studies and linguistics - describes how her ancestors originally from Lithuania ended up in Cairo, moved to Israel, and carried out special tasks for Haganah and the Zionist movement. To learn more about the Wexler Oral History Project, visit: http://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/tell-your-story
Just outside the Lithuanian capital Vilnius there is a small city called Trakai. It's home to a community of Turkish Jews called Karaims. They've lived there for centuries but now they're disappearing. Will they be able to survive the next centuries? Murat Temizer - Alina Mishyna - Magda Dolinska
ייִדיש אונטןFania Brantsovsky (Brancovskaja), the librarian of the Vilnius Yiddish Institute, goes over some of the prominent figures in the history of Vilna (Vilnius)'s Jewish community during a tour of the Vilnius Holocaust museum as part of the 2008 summer program in Yiddish language and culture at the Vilnius Yiddish Institute (http://www.judaicvilnius.com/en). The Holocaust Museum is known as the Green House and was founded by a group of Holocaust survivors. It is part of the Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum in Lithuania http://www.jmuseum.lt/index.aspx?Lang=EN . Ms. Brantosovsky, a Holocaust survivor and former partisan who escaped from the Vilna ghetto an hour before its liquidation, frequently gives tours of Jewish and Holocaust related sites throughout Lithuania. Jasha Heifetz, ...
Julijus Gurevich - active member of the Vilnius, Lithuania Jewish community - describes his Yiddish-speaking family, from the grandfather who championed the language to the nieces growing up speaking it. To see the full interview and learn more about the Yiddish Book Center’s Wexler Oral History Project, visit: http://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/oral-history/julijus-gurevich