A socialite is a person who participates in social activities and spends a significant amount of time entertaining and being entertained at fashionable upper class events.^[1] According to Merriam-Webster the word was first used in 1928.^[2]

American socialites were originally listed in the Social Register, a list of the names and addresses of the "preferred social contacts" of the prominent families in the 19th century. In 1886, Louis Keller started to consolidate these lists and package them for sale.^[3]

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Socialites

• Debutante
• Famous for being famous
• Jet set
• Yuppie
• Upper class
• It girl
• Social environment
• Conspicuous leisure
• Ingroups and outgroups
• Social identity theory

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Spens, Christiana. The Socialite Manifesto. London: Burning House, 2009. ISBN 978-1-905636-40-2. The cover subtitle: "One Day in the Life of Ivana Denisovich". A short novel.

Gucci Mane
Gucci Mane performing in Williamsburg, Brooklyn on August 29, 2010.
Background information
Birth name	Radric Davis
Born	(1980-02-02) February 2, 1980 (age 32) Birmingham, Alabama
Origin	Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Genres	Southern hip hop, gangsta rap
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	2005 – present
Labels	1017 Brick Squad Records, Asylum, Warner Bros.
Associated acts	1017 Brick Squad, Young Money, V-Nasty, Yo Gotti, Soulja Boy, Plies, Usher, Young Jeezy, E-40, French Montana, Maino, Jadakiss, CTE, Lil' Kim, Birdman
Website	www.guccimaneonline.com

Radric Davis^[1] (born February 2, 1980),^[2] better known by his stage name Gucci Mane, is an American rapper. He debuted in 2005 with Trap House and followed with albums such as Hard to Kill in 2006, Trap-A-Thon and Back to the Trap House in 2007. In 2009, his second studio album The State vs. Radric Davis was released, and The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted was released in 2010, and is his highest charting album so far. Gucci Mane has released many other mixtapes and independent albums as well.

While serving a six-month jail term for assault in late 2005, Davis was charged with murder, though the charges were later dropped due to a lack of evidence. In 2009, he served a year-long county jail sentence for violating probation for his 2005 aggravated assault conviction.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and later moved with his single mother to Atlanta. He enjoyed writing poetry as a child, and began rapping at age 14.^[1]

[edit] 2005–2006: Trap House and Hard to Kill

In 2005, Davis released his independent debut album entitled Trap House, which featured the successful single "Icy" with Young Jeezy. Disputes over the rights to this single caused a rift between the two artists. Hard to Kill followed in 2006. Hard To Kill included the hit single "Freaky Gurl". The song peaked at number 12 on the Hot Rap Tracks, number 19 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at number 62 on the Hot 100.

[edit] 2007: Back to the Trap House

The official remix of Freaky Gurl featuring Ludacris and Lil Kim was included on his 2007 commercial debut album Back to the Trap House. Gucci Mane appeared on OJ da Juiceman's "Make Tha Trap Say Aye" and began working on various mixtapes.^[3] Gucci Mane signed to Warner Bros. Records in May 2009.^[4]

[edit] 2009–2010: The State vs. Radric Davis

He appeared on remixes of the songs "Boom Boom Pow" by The Black Eyed Peas, "Obsessed" by Mariah Carey and "5 Star Chick" by Yo Gotti and made a guest appearance on Mario's "Break Up" (he has made 17 guest appearances total in 2009). Gucci Mane's second studio album The State vs. Radric Davis was released under the label Warner Bros. Records on December 8, 2009. Its first single, "Wasted" featuring Plies, was originally from Mane's 2009 mixtape Writing on the Wall. It peaked at number 36 on the Hot 100, number 3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and number 3 on the Rap Songs making it Gucci Mane's most successful single to date. The second single is "Spotlight" featuring Usher. The third single is "Lemonade". The fourth single is "Bingo", featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em. On October 2, 2009, Gucci Mane was listed at number 6 on MTV's annual Hottest MC in the Game list.^[5]

Gucci Mane performing on August 29, 2010.

[edit] 2010–present: The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted and other projects

After being released from jail, Gucci Mane stated that he would start or change the label name from So Icey Entertainment to 1017 Brick Squad Records. The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted, was released on September 28, 2010.^[6] The first single from this release was titled "Gucci Time",^[7] produced by Swizz Beatz. It premiered on Gucci Mane's official MySpace page on August 6.^[8] The single also features Swizz Beatz and was released to US urban radio stations on August 24, 2010.^[9]

On March 18, 2011, Gucci Mane released his 10th EP, The Return of Mr. Zone 6, mostly produced by Drumma Boy.^[10] It debuted at #18 on the Billboard 200, and is his highest charting EP. The album also debuted at #2 on the Rap albums chart and #8 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. He also released a collaboration album with Waka Flocka Flame named Ferrari Boyz on August 5, Gucci's first collaboration album.^[11] It's first single is "She Be Puttin On" featuring late-fellow Brick Squad labelmate Slim Dunkin. Ferrari Boyz debuted at #21 on the Billboard 200. Gucci Mane released another collaboration album, this time with rapper V-Nasty, called BAYTL, on December 13.^[12] The album's first single is "Whip Appeal" featuring P2theLA.^[13] Three days after the album's release, while traveling to the video shoot of "Push Ups", a song from BAYTL featuring Slim Dunkin, the latter got into an argument with another person who shot Dunkin dead at an Atlanta recording studio.^[14] On February 5, 2012, Gucci Mane released his Trap Back mixtape. It features guest appearances from Yo Gotti, Rocko, Waka Flocka Flame, Jadakiss, 2 Chainz, and Future, the latter three recently appearing on Young Jeezy's third studio album Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition. The first single is the mixtape's title track.^[15] Music videos have been filmed for the songs "Quiet", "Face Card", "In Love With a White Girl" featuring Yo Gotti, "Chicken Room" featuring Rocko, and the title track, and "Sometimes" featuring Future.^{[16][17][18][19][20][21]} Trap Back has been met with positive reviews so far, scoring a 7.8 from Pitchfork Media, a 7.5 from AllHipHop, and an "L" from XXL.^[22][23][24]

Legal issues[link]

2001[link]

In April 2001, Davis was arrested on cocaine charges and sentenced to 90 days in county jail.^[25]

2005[link]

On May 10, 2005, Davis was attacked by a group of men at a house in Decatur, Georgia. Davis and his companions shot at the group, killing one. The corpse of one of the attackers, Pookie Loc, was found later behind a nearby middle school. Davis turned himself in to police investigators on May 19, 2005, and was subsequently charged with murder. Davis claimed that the shots fired by him and his party were in self-defense.^[25] The DeKalb County district attorney's office dropped the murder charge in January 2006 due to insufficient evidence. The previous October, in an unrelated matter, Davis had pleaded no contest to a charge of aggravated assault for assaulting a nightclub promoter the previous June; at the time the murder charge was dropped, he was serving a six-month county jail sentence for this.^[26] Davis was released from jail in late January 2006.^[1]

2008[link]

In September 2008, Gucci Mane was arrested for a probation violation for completing only 25 out of 600 community service hours following his 2005 arrest for aggravated assault. He was sentenced to a year in the county jail but was released after six months.^[27] He was incarcerated in the Fulton County jail for probation violation^[28] and released on May 12, 2010.^[29]

2010[link]

On November 2, 2010, Gucci Mane was arrested for driving on the wrong side of the road, running a red light or stop sign, damage to government property, obstruction, no license, no proof of insurance and other traffic charges. He was taken to Grady Memorial Hospital.^[30]

2011[link]

On January 4, 2011, A judge in the Superior Court of Georgia’s Fulton County ordered rapper Gucci Mane to a psychiatric hospital, according to court documents. The documents reveal that his lawyers filed a Special Plea of Mental Incompetency on Dec. 27 arguing that he is unable “to go forward and/or intelligently participate in the probation revocation hearing.” ^[31]

On September 13, 2011, Davis was given a six month county jail sentence after pleading guilty to two counts of battery, two counts of reckless conduct and one count of disorderly conduct.^[32]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 2007: Back to the Trap House
• 2009: The State vs. Radric Davis
• 2010: The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted

Collaboration albums[link]

• 2011: Ferrari Boyz (with Waka Flocka Flame)
• 2011: BAYTL (with V-Nasty)

EPs[link]

• 2009: Wasted: The Prequel

Compilation albums[link]

• 2008: Hood Classics

Independent albums[link]

• 2001: La Flare
• 2005: Trap House
• 2006: Hard to Kill
• 2007: Trap-A-Thon
• 2009: Murder Was the Case
• 2011: The Return of Mr. Zone 6

Mixtapes[link]

• 2006: Chicken Talk
• 2007: Bird Flu (Southern Slang)
• 2007: Ice Attack
• 2007: Ice Attack: Part 2
• 2007: No Pad, No Pencil
• 2008: EA Sportscenter
• 2008: Gucci Sosa
• 2008: Mr. Perfect
• 2008: The Movie
• 2009: Bird Flu: Part 2
• 2009: The Movie: Part 2 (The Sequel)
• 2009: Guccitendo
• 2009: Writing's On the Wall
• 2009: The Burrrprint: 3D (The Movie: Part 3)
• 2009: The Cold War: Part 1 (Guccimerica)
• 2009: The Cold War: Part 2 (Great Brrritain)
• 2009: The Cold War: Part 3 (Brrrussia)
• 2010: Mr. Zone 6
• 2010: Jewelry Selection
• 2010: Gucci Classics
• 2010: Ferrari Music
• 2010: Buy My Album
• 2010: Burrrprint (2) HD
• 2011: Gucci 2 Time
• 2011: Writing's On the Wall 2
• 2012: Trap Back
• 2012: I'm Up

Collaboration mixtapes[link]

• 2007: Guapaholics (with Shawty Lo)
• 2008: Definition Of A G (with Yo Gotti)
• 2011: Brick Squad Mafia (with 1017 Brick Squad)
• 2011: Free Bricks small>(with Future)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gucci Mane

• Official website
• Gucci Mane on Myspace
• Gucci Mane at the Internet Movie Database

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. It includes attribution to IMDb, which may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2009)

Richie Kotzen
Kotzen performing in October, 2009 Photo: Roberto Scorta
Background information
Born	(1970-02-03) February 3, 1970 (age 42) Reading, PennsylvaniaUnited States
Genres	Hard rock, instrumental rock, blues rock, funk rock, heavy metal, jazz fusion, soul, blues
Occupations	Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, piano, bass, drums
Years active	1988–present
Labels	Shrapnel, DGC
Associated acts	Greg Howe, Poison, Vertú, Mr. Big
Website	Official website
Notable instruments
Richie Kotzen Signature Telecaster Fender Stratocaster

Richie Kotzen (born February 3, 1970 in Reading, Pennsylvania) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter.

At a young age, Richie Kotzen was taken by music and first began playing piano at the age of five. At the age of seven he was inspired by the band KISS to learn the electric guitar. Relentlessly developing chops and his own unique voice on the guitar, he started his career in a band named Arthurs Museum. Kotzen was eventually discovered by Shrapnel Records' Mike Varney, and he recorded his first solo album by the age of 19. He created the video Rock Chops for REH video in 1989, highlighting many of his formative techniques, including using wide-intervals and fluid sweeping.

In 1991, Kotzen made his big break when he joined the rock band Poison at age 21, co-writing and performing on the album Native Tongue. This album produced two top twenty singles which Richie co-wrote, "Stand" and "Until You Suffer Some (Fire & Ice)". In late-1993, Rikki Rockett, the drummer of Poison, discovered that Kotzen was having a relationship with Rockett's ex-fiancee, Deanna Eve. Kotzen was dismissed due to this incident. In 1999 Kotzen replaced Paul Gilbert as guitarist in the mainstream rock band Mr. Big. Kotzen maintained the band's success, performing on the Mr. Big record Get Over It, which sold more than 175,000 copies in its first two weeks in Japan, eventually reaching platinum status.^{[citation needed]} Kotzen also contributed guitars to Mr. Big's subsequent release Actual Size. The record included the Kotzen song Shine, which debuted at number one on Japanese radio charts. Following the disbanding of Mr. Big, Kotzen released the solo album Change, in 2003. The title track, and the song Get A Life were featured in TV commercials throughout Japan.

In 2002 Kotzen bought a commercial building in Los Angeles and established a recording Studio/Production company. He has since been producing acclaimed solo albums and collaborating with various figures in rock (Gene Simmons), jazz, and fusion including jazz legend Stanley Clarke.

In mid-2006 Kotzen was the opening act in Japan for The Rolling Stones on their Bigger Bang tour.

He has also covered various songs from the Gundam franchise including Soldiers of Sorrow, The Beginning, The Winner, Blue Star, and Fly! Gundam.

Guitar playing style[link]

Kotzen has described his style as a mix of rock, blues, jazz, fusion, and soul music. Of his albums, he claims he is most proud of Vertú. Kotzen utilizes a heavy amount of legato and sweeping in his playing. His main influence were Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Eddie Van Halen, Jason Becker - who produced his first album, Allan Holdsworth and many other jazz/fusion players.

Instruments and equipment[link]

Kotzen has used Fender electric guitars for most of his career, most notably his signature model Telecasters and Stratocasters, as well as other custom made models. Currently, there are two Richie Kotzen signature models, made by Fender Japan – a Stratocaster (STR-145RK) and a Telecaster (TLR-155RK). Both guitars feature ash bodies with laminated flame maple caps, maple necks and one piece maple fretboards with abalone dot inlays and 22 super jumbo frets. The Telecaster model features a DiMarzio Chopper T pickup in the bridge position (single spaced humbucker) and a DiMarzio Twang King in the neck position. The Stratocaster is fitted with three custom made DiMarzio single coil pickups.

At the beginning of his career, Richie Kotzen used Ibanez guitars and Laney amplifiers before switching to Fender guitars and Marshall amplifiers in the early 1990s. He used Marshall Super Lead, JCM800 and JCM900 models as well as Yamaha DG Series amps in the late 90's. Yamaha DG1000 preamp with Marshall EL34 100/100 poweramp, and Yamaha DG130H, Yamaha DG100 combo etc.

In 2005, Cornford Amplification issued a Richie Kotzen signature model – RK100, a single channel tube amp head developed and designed in collaboration with Kotzen to suit his expansive playing style. There is also a matching signature model speaker cabinet, equipped with four Celestion Vintage 30 12" speakers. Both the amplifier head and the speaker cabinet are the only Cornford models fit with Kotzen-style black tolex covering.

Kotzen prefers not to use many pedals (effects in general) when playing live. However, when not playing with the Cornford, he's been using over the years several versions of Sobbat Drivebraker and Glowvibe pedals on top of marshall amps. He also uses reverb and delay effects of his signature series Zoom G2R effects processor, which is connected in the effects loop of the amplifier.

Discography[link]

Richie Kotzen in San Diego, November 2007

Arthurs Museum[link]

• (1988) Gallery Closed

Solo albums[link]

• (1989) Richie Kotzen
• (1990) Fever Dream
• (1991) Electric Joy
• (1994) Mother Head's Family Reunion
• (1995) The Inner Galactic Fusion Experience
• (1996) Wave Of Emotion
• (1996) Times Gonna Tell (EP)
• (1997) Something To Say
• (1998) What Is...
• (1999) Bi-Polar Blues
• (2000) Break It All Down
• (2001) Slow
• (2003) Change
• (2003) Acoustic Cuts
• (2004) Get Up
• (2004) The Best Of Richie Kotzen (Greatest Hits)
• (2005) Ai Senshi Z×R (Music from the animation series Gundam)
• (2006) Instrumental Collection: The Shrapnel Years
• (2006) Into The Black
• (2007) Go Faster/Return Of The Mother Head's Family Reunion
• (2008) Live In São Paulo/Bootlegged In Brazil
• (2009) Peace Sign
• (2010) A Best of Collection
• (2010) A Ballads Collection
• (2011) 24 Hours

Poison[link]

• (1993) Native Tongue

Sass Jordan[link]

• (1994) Rats (backing vocals)^[1]

Mr. Big[link]

• (1999) Get Over It
• (2000) Deep Cuts
• (2001) Actual Size
• (2002) In Japan
• (2004) Influences & Connections – Vol. 1

Vertú[link]

• (1999) Vertú (project with Stanley Clarke and Lenny White)

Forty Deuce[link]

• (2005) Nothing to Lose

Wilson Hawk[link]

• (2009) The Road

Collaborations[link]

• (1995) Tilt (with Greg Howe)
• (1996) Sticky Wicked (with TM Stevens)
• (1996) Ground Zero (with TM Stevens)
• (1996) Only You (with TM Stevens)
• (1997) Project (with Greg Howe)
• (1999) Not So Innocent (with Jesse's Powertrip)
• (2000) Mikazuki in Rock (with Mikazuki Tekkodan)
• (2000) Submarine (with Gregg Bissonette)
• (2003) All That I'd Be (with Steve Saluto)
• (2004) Nowhere To Go (with Takayoshi Ohmura)
• (2004) ***Hole (with Gene Simmons)
• (2006) Rough Beat (with Steve Saluto)
• (2006) Avalon (with Richie Zito)
• (2006) Erotic Cakes (with Guthrie Govan)
• (2007) Emotions in Motion (with Takayoshi Ohmura)
• (2007) Live For Tomorrow (with Marco Mendoza)
• (2010) Resurrection (with Steve Saluto)
• (2010) You Can't Save Me – Remix (with Clarence Jey & Steve Mcleod)

Various artists albums[link]

• (1991) Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey: Music from the Motion Picture
• (1992) L.A. Blues Authority – "L.A. Blues Authority"
• (1992) The Guitars That Rule The World – Vol. 1
• (1994) L.A. Blues Authority Volume V: Cream Of The Crop
• (1996) Crossfire – (A Tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan)
• (1997) Black Night – Deep Purple Tribute According To New York
• (2000) Bat Head Soup: A Tribute to Ozzy
• (2001) Stone Cold Queen: A Tribute to Queen
• (2002) One Way Street: A Tribute To Aerosmith CD
• (2002) An All Star Lineup Performing The Songs Of Pink Floyd
• (2004) Spirit Lives On: The Music Of Jimi Hendrix Revisited Vol. 1
• (2005) Numbers From The Beast – An All Stars Salute To Iron Maiden
• (2010) Siam Shade Tribute

Videography[link]

• (1989) Rock Chops
• (1993) 7 Days Live (Live shot concert with Poison)(re-released 2006)
• (1994) Mother Head's Family Reunion DVD
• (1994) Mother Head's family Reunion (Video-clip from the Mother Head's family Reunion Album)
• (1996) Wave of Emotion (Video-clip from the Wave of Emotion Album)
• (1997) Something To Say (Video-clip from the Something To Say Album)
• (2001) Don't Wanna Lie (Video-clip from the Slow Album)
• (2001) Shine (Video-clip from Mr. Big's Actual Size Album)
• (2002) Hi-Tech Rock Guitar
• (2005) Live In South America
• (2008) Chase It (Video-clip from the R.O.T.M.F.R. Album)
• (2008) Bootlegged in Brazil
• (2009) Everything Good (Video-clip from Wilson Hawk 'The Road' Album)
• (2009) Paying Dues (Video-clip from 'Peace Sign' Album filmed by Kotzen's daughter at home)
• (2010) Larger Than Life (Video-clip from 'Peace Sign' Album filmed by Kotzen's)
• (2011) Behind Blue Eyes (Acoustic Video-clip filmed by Kotzen's)
• (2011) 24 Hours (Video-clip from '24 Hours' Album filmed by Kotzen's)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Richie Kotzen site
• Richie Kotzen at the Internet Movie Database
• Richie Kotzen Live in Argentina
• Kotzen's solo with Mr. Big
• http://www.myspace.com/richiekotzen (Official MySpace page)
• http://groups.myspace.com/MHFR (official MySpace Richie Kotzen group)
• Interview on IronCityRocks.com
• Richie Kotzen discography at MusicBrainz

In 2010, despite being an amazing musician, Richie's UK tour was cancelled before it's completion, he had long since been able to attract the numbers required to make a tour in the UK viable, indeed, his promoters were left with heavy bills to cover expenses already paid, it is a shame when a musician with so much talent fails to make the grade, but, is common nonetheless.

"Nicky" Hilton can also refer to Conrad Hilton, Jr.

Nicky Hilton
Nicky Hilton in 2005
Born	Nicholai Olivia Hilton (1983-10-05) October 5, 1983 (age 28) New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Businesswoman, model, and fashion designer
Years active	1992–present
Spouse	Todd Andrew Meister (m. 2004) (annulled)
Parents	Richard Howard Hilton Kathy Hilton
Website
Official site

Nicholai Olivia "Nicky" Hilton (born October 5, 1983) is an American businesswoman, fashion model, socialite, celebutante, heiress and fashion designer. She is a great-granddaughter of Conrad Hilton (founder of Hilton Hotels) and younger sister of Paris Hilton.

Early life[link]

Hilton was born in New York City, and raised in Los Angeles.^[1] She is the second of four children born to Richard, a businessman, and Kathy Hilton (née Avanzino). She has an older sister, Paris, and two younger brothers, Barron Nicholas Hilton II and Conrad Hughes Hilton III. She was raised Catholic; Hilton attended Convent of the Sacred Heart and graduated in 2001.

Career[link]

Fashion designer[link]

In 2004, Hilton launched her own clothing line. She also designed a line of handbags for Japanese company Samantha Thavasa.^[1]

In 2007, she started her second line aimed at a more mature audience and higher pricepoint,^{[citation needed]} called Nicholai, which had its debut fashion show for the spring/summer 2008 season on September 9, 2007 in New York City during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week.^[2]

Model[link]

In 2005, Hilton, along with Kimberly Stewart, was the face of Australian underwear line Antz Pantz.^[3][4] Stewart remains contracted, however Hilton has been replaced by Australian model Megan Maitland.^[5] Around this time, Hilton modeled for the cover of Lucire magazine for its New Zealand and Romanian editions.^[6]

Other ventures[link]

In 2006, she entered a partnership to open two Nicky O Hotels, the first in Miami and the second in Chicago. On February 12, 2007, Hilton was sued for breach of contract by her partners.^[7]

On September 21, 2010 Nicky and her sister Paris Hilton were stopped by immigration officers at Narita Airport, Japan because of Paris' conviction for drug possession a day earlier; under Japan's strict anti-drug laws, all people sentenced for any drug crime are, in general, rejected entry to the country.^[8][9] The Hiltons were due to appear at a news conference in Tokyo on September 22 to promote Paris Hilton's fashion and fragrance lines along with her sister Nicky.^[8] According to the Hiltons' publicists, Narita Airport's immigration office questioned Hilton "for hours". Paris and Nicky were forced to stay close to the airport at a hotel as officials would determine what to do on September 22.^[8] It is unlikely that the Hiltons will be able to continue their Asian promotion tour, as they are about to enter countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, with even tougher anti-drug laws than Japan.^[9]

Personal life[link]

In 2004, Hilton married childhood friend and businessman Todd Andrew Meister at the Las Vegas Wedding Chapel.^[10] The marriage was annulled shortly after.^[11]

Nicky Hilton, September 2010

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site
• Nicky Hilton at the Internet Movie Database
• Nicky Hilton at the Fashion Model Directory