An exposed surface of Gault clay on the foreshore near Beachy Head, East Sussex

Gault is a clay formation of stiff blue clay deposited in a calm, fairly deep water marine environment during the Lower Cretaceous Period (Upper and Middle Albian). It is well exposed in the coastal cliffs at Copt Point in Folkestone, Kent, England, where it overlays the Lower Greensand formation,and is found in exposure on the south side of The North Downs and the north side of the South Downs. It is also to be found beneath the scarp of the Berkshire Downs, in the Vale of White Horse, in Oxfordshire, England, and on the Isle of Wight where it is known as Blue Slipper.^[1] Gault underlies the chalk beneath the London Basin, generally overlying eroded rocks of Jurassic and Devonian age; lower gault is present only below the outer parts of the basin and is absent under central London.

The clay has been used in several locations for making bricks, notably near Wye in Kent.

Gault often contains numerous phosphatic nodules,some thought to be coprolites and may also contain sand as well as small grains of the mineral glauconite. Crystals of the mineral selenite are fairly common in places, as are nodules of pyrite.

Gault yields abundant marine fossils, including ammonites (such as Hoplites, Hamites, Euhoplites, Anahoplites, and Dimorphoplites), belemnites (such as Neohibolites), bivalves (such as Birostrina and Pectinucula), gastropods (such as Anchura), solitary corals, fish remains (including shark teeth), scattered crinoid remains, and crustaceans (such as the crab Notopocorystes). Occasional fragments of fossil wood may also be found.

Gault Formation[link]

The Gault Formation consists of gault and the Upper Greensand. These represent different facies, with the sandier parts probably being deposited close to the shore and the clay in quieter water further from the source of sediment; both are believed to be shallow-water deposits.^[2]

The Gault Formation represents a marine transgression following erosion of the Lower Greensand. It is subdivided into two sections, the Upper Gault and the Lower Gault. The Upper Gault onlaps onto the Lower Gault. The Gault Formation thins across the London Platform and then terminates against the Red Chalk just to the south of The Wash.

Gault exposure at Copt Point, which is the type locality for the formation, is 40 m in thickness.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Fossils of the Gault Clay
• Folkestone fossils and geology by Discovering Fossils

The Shore is an American rock group founded in Silver Lake, CA by frontman Ben Ashley. The Shore are heavily influenced by psychedelic bands like The Byrds, The Beatles, Coldplay,^[1] and The Beach Boys as well as Britpop groups Oasis and The Verve.

Biography[link]

In the spring of 2002, Ashley wrote a series of songs with producer Rick Parker. Parker assembled a group of local musicians, including Kyle Mullarky (bass), Cliff Magreta (guitar), and John Wilmer (drums), to record a series of demos. The demos came to Scott Austin, a Maverick A&R Executive, and the band was given a major contract only a few months after their initial recordings. The Shore returned to the studio with Parker to record their first album. The Shore recorded the album over a period of three months. The Shore EP was released on New Year's Day of 2003. Their full length album, The Shore, was released in August 2004.^[2] After guitarist Wayne Faler toured with the band, he was added as a permanent member in December 2005. It was about this time that The Shore parted ways with Maverick Records to pursue a better record deal.

The Shore released their second album, "Light Years," in October 2009 initially as a digital-only release on outlets such as Amazon, iTunes, eMusic, Napster, Rhapsody and a few other sites. A CD version was released the following year.

The band has also recently resumed touring, playing San Francisco and LA, most notably with another psych outfit, The Parties.

The Shore's song "Coming Down" was featured on the Long Way Round soundtrack, a documentary detailing the journey of Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman from London to New York on motorcycles.

Style[link]

Filter magazine describes the band as having "rock solid songwriting" and credits it with a "passionate commitment to music."^[1] According to Spartan Daily, "the band portrays a very neo-psychedelic pop sound and mixes it up with lush keyboards to have a modern sound."^[3]

Discography[link]

Singles and EPs[link]

• 2003 - The Shore EP (Maverick)

Albums[link]

• 2004 - The Shore (Maverick)
• 2011 - Light Years (The New Black Records)

References[link]

External links[link]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it.

External links[link]

• Official website
• Facebook page
• Myspace page

Richie Havens
Richie Havens in 2006
Background information
Born	(1941-01-21) January 21, 1941 (age 71) Brooklyn, New York City New York, United States
Genres	Folk rock, Funk
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, activist
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, sitar
Years active	1965–present
Labels	Verve Forecast, Universal, Stormy Forest, MGM, A&M, PolyGram, Solar, Epic, SME, Rykodisc
Website	www.richiehavens.com

Richard P. "Richie" Havens (born January 21, 1941) is an African American folk singer and guitarist.^[1] He is best known for his intense, rhythmic guitar style (often in open tunings), soulful covers of pop and folk songs, and his opening performance at the 1969 Woodstock Festival.

Career[link]

Born in Brooklyn, Havens was the eldest of nine children.^[1] At an early age, he began organizing his neighborhood friends into street corner doo-wop groups and was performing with The McCrea Gospel Singers at 16.^[1] At age 20, Havens left Brooklyn, seeking artistic stimulation in Greenwich Village. "I saw the Village as a place to escape to, in order to express yourself," he recalls. "I had first gone there during the Beatnik days of the 1950s to perform poetry, then I drew portraits for two years and stayed up all night listening to folk music in the clubs. It took a while before I thought of picking up a guitar."^{[citation needed]}

Havens' reputation as a solo performer soon spread beyond the Village folk circles.^[1] After cutting 2 records for Douglas Records, Havens signed on with Bob Dylan's manager Albert Grossman, and landed a record deal with the Verve Forecast label. Verve released Mixed Bag in 1967, which featured tracks like "Handsome Johnny" (co-written by Havens and future Oscar-winning actor Louis Gossett Jr.), "Follow", and a cover of Bob Dylan's "Just Like a Woman". By 1969, he had released five more albums. Something Else Again (1968) became Havens' first album to hit the Billboard chart and also pulled Mixed Bag back onto the charts.

Havens' reputation as a live performer earned him widespread notice. His Woodstock appearance proved to be a major turning point in his career.^[1] As the festival's first performer, he held the crowd for nearly three hours (in part because he was told to perform a lengthy set because many artists were delayed in reaching the festival location), and was called back for several encores. Having run out of tunes, he improvised a song based on the old spiritual "Motherless Child" that became "Freedom". The subsequent Woodstock movie release helped Havens reach a worldwide audience. He also appeared at the Isle of Wight Festival in late August 1969.^[2][3]

Following the success of his Woodstock performance, Richie started his own record label, Stormy Forest, and delivered Stonehenge in 1970. Later that year came Alarm Clock, which yielded the George Harrison penned hit single "Here Comes the Sun", and became Havens' first album to reach Billboard’s Top 30 Chart.^[1] Stormy Forest went on to release four more of his own albums: The Great Blind Degree (1971), Live On Stage (1972), Portfolio (1973), and Mixed Bag II (1974).^[1] Memorable television appearances included performances on The Ed Sullivan Show and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. On the latter program, the audience reacted with such enthusiasm that when the applause continued even after the commercial break, Carson asked Havens to return the following night.

Havens performing in Hamburg, May 1972

Havens also branched out into acting during the 1970s. He was featured in the original 1972 stage presentation of The Who's Tommy,^[4] and appeared as Othello in the 1974 film Catch My Soul. He also appeared in Greased Lightning alongside Richard Pryor in 1977. In 1987, he landed a role in the Bob Dylan vehicle Hearts of Fire.^[5]

Increasingly, Havens devoted his energies to educating young people about ecological issues. In the mid-1970s, he co-founded the Northwind Undersea Institute, an oceanographic children’s museum on City Island in the Bronx. That, in turn, led to the creation of The Natural Guard, an organization Richie describes as "a way of helping kids learn that they can have a hands-on role in affecting the environment. Children study the land, water, and air in their own communities and see how they can make positive changes from something as simple as planting a garden in an abandoned lot."^{[citation needed]}

During the 1980s and 1990s, Havens continued a world touring schedule and a steady release of albums. The release of 1993’s Resume, The Best Of Richie Havens Rhino collected his late 1960s and early 1970s recordings.

In 1982, Havens composed and performed a promotional slogan for NBC's 1982-83 television season entitled, We're NBC, Just Watch Us Now. He also performed slogans for CBS and ABC,^[6] and recorded commercials for Amtrak, singing the slogan "There's something about a train that's magic." Havens has also done corporate commercial work for Maxwell House Coffee as well as singing "The Fabric of Our Lives" theme for the cotton industry.

In 1993, Havens performed at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton. Among the selections was the "Cotton" song, made famous by a series of television ads in the early 1990s.^[7] In 1999, Havens played at the Tibetan Freedom Concert for an audience of more than 100,000.^[8]

Havens also played a small role as a character named Daze in a 1990 film named Street Hunter starring John Leguizamo.

In 2003, the National Music Council awarded Havens the American Eagle Award for his place as part of America’s musical heritage, and for providing "a rare and inspiring voice of eloquence, integrity and social responsibility."

Collaborations[link]

In 2000, Havens teamed up with the electronic music duo Groove Armada for the retro 1970s-style song "Hands of Time". The track was featured on the soundtrack for the film Collateral, starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx; the same song also used in the films Domino starring Keira Knightley, and Tell No One with François Cluzet. Havens was also featured on Little By Little and Healing on the band's third album Goodbye Country (Hello Nightclub).^[9]

He has collaborated with other artists including former Genesis members Steve Hackett and Peter Gabriel, Bill Perry, Dayna Kurtz, and Anton Fig.^[9]

Present day career[link]

In 2000, Havens published They Can't Hide Us Anymore, an autobiography co-written with Steve Davidowitz. Havens has maintained his status as a folk icon, and continues to tour. In 2002, Havens released Wishing Well, followed by the 2004 album, Grace of the Sun.

On October 15, 2006, Havens was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame.^[10]

In 2007, Havens appeared as "Old Man Arvin" in the Todd Haynes film I'm Not There. In a classic front-porch jam scene, he is shown singing the Bob Dylan song "Tombstone Blues" with Marcus Carl Franklin and Tyrone Benskin. Havens's version of the song also appears on the I'm Not There Soundtrack.

Havens was invited to perform at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival Opening Ceremony. He played "Freedom" in tribute to his fan and jury president Sean Penn. He also performed at the London, Ontario Blues Festival in July 2008.^[11]

In March 2008, he released a new studio album titled Nobody Left To Crown.^[12] The first single release was country-tinged "The Key"^{[citation needed]}, which is sold as a single MP3 at Amazon.com.^[13]

Richie Havens appears in the acclaimed 2009 film "Soundtrack for a Revolution," which provides a general history of the modern Civil Rights Movement, and has modern artists performing many of the era's musical classics. In that film, Havens does a haunting rendition of the old song, "Will the Circle Be Unbroken." ^[14]

On May 3, 2009, Havens performed at the fundraising concert in honor of Pete Seeger's 90th birthday. In June 2009, Havens performed at the fifth annual Mountain Jam Festival. The event, hosted by Allman Brothers Band and Gov't Mule guitarist, Warren Haynes, was held at the Hunter Mountain Ski Resort in Hunter, New York. As is tradition, the festival took place on the weekend following Memorial Day. On June 20, 2009, Havens performed at the Clearwater Festival. On July 4, 2009, Havens performed at the Woodstock Tribute festival in Ramsey, New Jersey. On August 8, 2010, Havens performed at Musikfest 2010 at Foy Hall at Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

On March 20, 2012, Havens announced on his Facebook page that he will stop touring after 45 years, due to health concerns.^[15]

Charity work[link]

In addition to performing at charity benefit concerts, Havens formed the Northwind Undersea Institute, an oceanographic children's museum on City Island in The Bronx. The museum led to the creation of The Natural Guard, an organization that educates children about the environment.^[16]

Havens won the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award in Sherborn, Massachusetts on April 12, 1991.^[17]

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Live albums[link]

Compilation albums[link]

Singles[link]

Guest appearances[link]

• A Long Time Comin' by The Electric Flag - Sitar & Percussion (1968)
• Please Don't Touch by Steve Hackett (1978)
• Music and Songs from Starlight Express (1987) - performing "Light at the End of the Tunnel" and the "Starlight Sequence"
• Songs of the Civil War (1991) - "Follow the Drinking Gourd" and "Give Us a Flag"
• OVO by Peter Gabriel (2000) (Soundtrack to the Millennium Dome Show)
• "Freedom" on The Best of The Jammy's Volume One w/ The Mutaytor
• "The Long Road" (Duet with Cliff Eberhardt) on 1990 album The Long Road
• "Gay Cavalier" (Duet with Pino Daniele) on 1983 album Common Ground
• "All That I am Now" on Assembly of Dust's 2009 Some Assembly Required album
• Lifelines Live by Peter, Paul and Mary (1996)
• "El Lugar (The Place)" by Francesco Bruno (1995) where he appears as co-author and interpreter of the song
• Goodbye Country (Hello Nightclub) by Groove Armada (2001) - "Little by Little" and "Healing"
• Lovebox (Groove Armada) by Groove Armada (2002) - "Hands of Time"

References[link]

External links[link]

• Richie Havens official website
• Richie Havens at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview with Richie Havens by music critic Michael Wiles of Bmore Live
• Interview with Richie Havens
• College Crier's Richie Havens interview
• 2005 Richie Havens interview on Modern Guitars magazine
• Long Island Music Hall of Fame
• 2008 Interview with Richie Havens
• Richie Havens fan website
• Video interview with Richie Havens by the Transcendent Nation Foundation on the question of "how to save the world"

Charlayne Hunter-Gault
Born	Charlayne Hunter (1942-02-27)February 27, 1942 Due West, South Carolina, USA
Education	University of Georgia (BAJ) Wayne State University Washington University in St. Louis
Occupation	Journalist
Notable credit(s)	The New York Times The New Yorker
Spouse	Ronald T. Gault (m. 1971) Walter L. Stovall (m. 1963, div. 1971)
Children	Susan Stovall, Chuma Gault
Parents	Charles S.H. Hunter, Col. U.S. Army, and Althea Hunter (née Brown)

Charlayne Hunter-Gault (born 27 February 1942) is an American journalist and former foreign correspondent for National Public Radio, and the Public Broadcasting Service.

In 1961, Athens, Georgia witnessed part of the civil rights movement when Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first two African American students to enroll in the University of Georgia. She graduated in 1963.

In 1967, she joined the investigative news team at WRC-TV, Washington, D.C., and also anchored the local evening news. In 1968, Charlayne joined The New York Times as a metropolitan reporter specializing in coverage of the urban African American community. She joined The MacNeil/Lehrer Report in 1978 as a correspondent, and became The NewsHour's national correspondent in 1983. She left The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer in June 1997. She worked in Johannesburg, South Africa as National Public Radio's chief correspondent in Africa from 1997 to 1999. Hunter-Gault recently left her post as CNN's Johannesburg bureau chief and correspondent, which she had held since 1999.

During her association with The NewsHour, Hunter-Gault has won additional awards: two Emmys, and a Peabody for excellence in broadcast journalism for her work on Apartheid's People, a NewsHour series on South Africa. She also received the 1986 Journalist of the Year Award from the National Association of Black Journalists; the 1990 Sidney Hillman Award; the Good Housekeeping Broadcast Personality of the Year Award; the American Women in Radio and Television Award; and two awards from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for excellence in local programming.

Hunter-Gault is author of In My Place (1992), a memoir about her experiences at the University of Georgia. She currently lives in Massachusetts [1] and is working on a first-person memoir detailing the struggle of African Americans in the 1960s.

Personal life[link]

Alberta Charlayne Hunter was born in Due West, South Carolina, daughter of Charles S.H. Hunter, Col., U.S. Army, a regimental chaplain, and his wife, the former Althea Brown.^[1]

Shortly before she graduated from the University of Georgia, Hunter married a white classmate, Walter L. Stovall, the writer son of a chicken-feed manufacturer.^[2][3] The couple were first married in March 1963 and then remarried in Detroit, Michigan, on 8 June 1963, because they believed the first ceremony might be considered invalid as well as criminal, based on the laws of the unidentified state in which they had been married.[2] Once the marriage was revealed, the governor of Georgia called it "a shame and a disgrace", while Georgia's attorney general made public statements about prosecuting the mixed-race couple under Georgia law.^[4][5][6] News reports quoted the parents of both bride and groom as being against the marriage, for reasons of race.^[7] Years later, after the couple's 1972 divorce, Hunter-Gault gave a speech at the university, in which she praised Stovall, who, she said, "unhesitatingly jumped into my boat with me. He gave up going to movies because he knew I couldn't get a seat in the segregated theaters. He gave up going to the Varsity because he knew they would not serve me .... We married, despite the uproar we knew it would cause, because we loved each other." Shortly after their marriage, Stovall was quoted as saying, "We are two young people who found ourselves in love and did what we feel is required of people when they are in love and want to spend the rest of their lives together. We got married."[3] The couple had one daughter, Susan Stovall, a singer (born December 1963).^[8]

In 1971 (? Above it says she divorced previous husband in 1972) Hunter married Ronald T. Gault, an African American businessman who was then a program officer for the Ford Foundation; he is now an investment banker and consultant.[4]^[9][5][6] They have one son, Chuma Gault, an actor (born 1972).[7]

Filmography[link]

• Dare to Struggle... Dare to Win (1999)
• Globalization & Human Rights (1998)
• Rights & Wrongs: Human Rights Television (1993)

Bibliography[link]

• "The Talk of the Town: Notes and Comment" The New Yorker 60/52 (11 February 1985): 28-29. Talk piece about Darrell Cabey, shot by Bernhard Goetz.

References[link]

1. ^ John H. Britton, "Charlayne's Secret Marriage to White Man", Jet, 19 September 1963, pages 18-25
2. ^ Randall Kennedy, Interracial Intimacies (Random House, 2003), pages 100
3. ^ John H. Britton, "Charlayne's Secret Marriage to White Man", Jet, 19 September 1963, pages 18-25
4. ^ Randall Kennedy, Interracial Intimacies (Random House, 2003), pages 100
5. ^ Art Sears Jr., "Lawyer Asks to Defend Hunter's Mixed Race Marriage in Georgia Court", Jet, 19 September 1963, pages 26 and 27
6. ^ John H. Britton, "Charlayne's Secret Marriage to White Man", Jet, 19 September 1963, pages 18-25
7. ^ John H. Britton, "Charlayne's Secret Marriage to White Man", Jet, September 19, 1963, pages 18-25
8. ^ Randall Kennedy, Interracial Intimacies (Random House, 2003), pages 100 and 101
9. ^ "Whatever Happened to Charlayne Hunter?", Ebony, July 1972, page 138

• Amanda Nash (2004-03-29). "Charlayne Hunter-Gault". New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2433. Retrieved 2008-09-21. 
• Carol Sears Botsch (1997-12-27). "Charlayne Hunter-Gault". USC Aiken. http://www.usca.edu/aasc/hunter.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-21. 

External links[link]

• Charlayne Hunter-Gault at the Internet Movie Database
• Charlayne Hunter-Gault Biography at National Public Radio
• Charlayne Hunter-Gault Biography at New Georgia Encyclopedia
• [8] at genConnect.com
• Maynard Institute for Journalism Education: Black Journalists Movement

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (July 2008)

Cheryl Wheeler (born July 10, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter of contemporary folk music, based in New England. To date, she has recorded several folk albums, and has toured extensively throughout the United States.^[1]

Wheeler was born in Timonium, Maryland, where she attended Dulaney High School. She performed at clubs in the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore area. She moved to Rhode Island in 1976, where she played at various clubs in the New England area. Jonathan Edwards asked her to tour with him when his bass player became unavailable. He has since produced a number of her albums. Wheeler and her partner, Cathleen, were married in 2004.^[2]

Performances[link]

Wheeler tours extensively,^[3] and her live concerts include comic routines and serious discussions in addition to the songs themselves. About half of the songs she performs in concerts are not available on any of her albums. Many never get recorded, and eventually fade from her set list. Although she mostly tours alone, she has also toured with Kenny White (who produced a number of her albums). White generally opens for her, and then plays and sings harmony during Wheeler's set.^[4] Wheeler has also toured with the Christine Lavin-inspired tour "On a Winter's Night", and occasionally as part of Lavin's consortium Four Bitchin' Babes.

She has released albums on several major labels, the most recent being Rounder Records. She also approved the production of a double disc album No Previous Record^[5] that contains songs that never made it onto a commercial recording. Distribution of this album is free, but restricted to members of her e-mail list. In 2009, she released the album Pointing at the Sun on her own recording label, Dias.

In 1988, Wheeler participated in a "trio" concert with fellow folk singer/songwriters Shawn Colvin and Mary Chapin Carpenter. This concert took place the year before Colvin released her debut album. The three performed on two consecutive nights to critical acclaim, at The Birchmere in Alexandria, VA. The two performances were recorded at the soundboard and although never released officially, have been favorites among fans of the three artists.

Following[link]

Although primarily classified as a folk singer/songwriter, Wheeler has been covered by a number of country music artists, such as Dan Seals, Suzy Bogguss, Kathy Mattea, Sylvia, and Garth Brooks, as well as artists as diverse as Peter, Paul, and Mary, Bette Midler, Kenny Loggins, Melanie, Holly Near and cabaret singer D.C. Anderson.

Her song "If It Were Up to Me" (which was written shortly after the Jonesboro Massacre), with the closing line "If it were up to me, I'd take away the guns" got nationwide attention shortly after the Columbine High School massacre.^[6] Wheeler released that recording into the public domain to exempt radio stations from paying royalties (it was being played every hour near the high school), and Rounder Records ran a promotional campaign to donate money to the Brady Campaign each time the song was played on Adult Album Alternative radio stations.

Discography[link]

The following albums are still in print:

• Cheryl Wheeler (1986)
• Half a Book (1987)
• Circle and Arrows (1990)
• Driving Home (1993)
• Mrs. Pinocci's Guitar (1995)
• Sylvia Hotel (1999)
• Different Stripe (2003)
• No Previous Record (2003)
• Defying Gravity (2005)
• Pointing at the Sun (2009)

Other contributions[link]

• Live at the World Café - Volume 9 (1999) - "If it Were Up to Me"

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• The Cheryl Wheeler Web Site
• Cheryl Wheeler Guitar Chords