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1seg (ワンセグ, wansegu^?) is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video and data broadcasting service in Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru. Service began experimentally during 2005 and commercially on April 1, 2006. In Brazil, the broadcast started in late 2007 in just a few cities, with a slight difference from Japanese 1seg: a 30 frame/s transmission, while in Japan they use a 15 frame/s transmission. The first mobile phone handsets for 1seg were sold by KDDI to consumers in autumn 2005.

ISDB-T, the terrestrial digital broadcast system used in Japan, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru, is designed so that each channel is divided into 13 segments, with a further segment separating it from the next channel. An HDTV broadcast signal occupies 12 segments, leaving the remaining (13th) segment for mobile receivers. Thus the name, "1seg" or "One Seg".

Technical information[link]

The ISDB-T system uses the UHF band at frequencies between 470 and 770 MHz (806 MHz in Brazil), giving a total bandwidth 300 MHz. The bandwidth is divided into fifty channels name channels 13 through 62. Each channel is 6 MHz wide consisting of a 5.57 MHz wide signalling band and a 430 kHz guard band to limit cross channel interference. Each of these channels is further divided into 13 segments, with each with 428 kHz of bandwidth. 1 seg uses a single of these segments to carry the 1seg transport stream.

1seg, like ISDB-T uses QPSK for modulation, with 2/3 forward error correction and 1/4 guard ratio. The total datarate is 416 kbit/s.

The television system uses a H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video stream and a HE-AAC audio stream multiplexed into a MPEG transport stream. The maximum video resolution is 320x240 pixels, with a video bitrate of between 220 and 320 kbit/s. Audio conforms to HE-AAC profile, with a bitrate of 48 to 64 kbit/s. Additional data (EPG, interactive services, etc) is transmitted using BML and occupies the remaining 10 to 100 kbit/s of bandwidth.

Conditional access and copy control are implemented in 1seg broadcasting by the use of Broadcast Flag-like structure contained in the "Copy Control Descriptor" within the broadcast. The broadcast contents themselves are not encrypted, but the Copy Control information forces the device to encrypt stored recordings and disallows making a copy of the recording.

Broadcast Markup Language[link]

Broadcast Markup Language (BML), is a data-transmission service allowing text to be displayed on a 1seg TV screen.

The text contains news, sports, weather forecasts, "Earthquake Early Warning", etc. free of charge. Further information can be found through links to content on websites, frequently those belonging to the television station itself.

EPG (program guides) is not included, but transmitted in separate stream (EIT).

Multiple-program arrangement[link]

On June 23, 2008, broadcaster Tokyo MX officially began using multiple-program arrangement (マルチ編成, Maruchi hensei^?) technology to simultaneously broadcast two programs on a single divided segment. Most 1seg receivers manufactured after September 2008 are compatible with this technology. Multiple-program arrangement in 1seg is named as 1seg2 or Oneseg2 (ワンセグ2, Wansegu tsū^?).

NHK Educational TV (from 1 April 2009) and Nara Television (奈良テレビ放送, Nara terebi hōsō^?) (from 1 December 2009) are also started for several number of programs.

Popularity[link]

Until the end of March 2008, Japanese regulation required that the programs on 1seg were fundamentally the same as those broadcast on the equivalent HDTV channel. On April 1 the regulation was revised, and experimental programs by 1seg or third parties have begun airing on several stations.

On January 16, 2008, JEITA released their monthly shipping survey showing approx. 4.806 million mobile phones were sold in Japan in November 2007. Of these, approx. 3.054 million phones, 63.5% of the total, can receive 1seg broadcasts.^[1]

In the fiscal year of 2007, on average 45% of mobile phones had 1seg reception capability out of the 22.284 million units sold. The percent increased from 26.8% in April 2007 to 64.2% at end of fiscal year March 2008.^[2]

Receivers[link]

1seg TV reception, with Mobile phone NTT DoCoMo F904i (2007 summer model), NHK weather forecasting. A cigarette is shown for size comparison.

1seg An example of video and data transmission reception on NHK using Broadcast Markup Language on a Mobile phone

Electronic dictionary

(Japanese) Sharp Papyrus PW-TC900

(Japanese) Sharp Papyrus PW-TC920

(Japanese) Sharp Papyrus PW-TC930

(Japanese) Sharp Papyrus PW-TC980

PC connect type

(Japanese) Pixela PC

(Japanese) Monster TV 1D PC card Type II 1seg receiver by SKNET

(Japanese) Cowon D2TV

and more.

Car navigation system

(Japanese) Sanyo One-seg & car navigation system

and more.

Handheld game console

(Japanese) 1seg PSP-2000 Tuner

(Japanese) Nintendo DS (via an add-on called "DS Telebi")

Portable devices

Set top box

Others

(Japanese) Sony Walkman NW-A919

(Japanese) Kodak 3-inch OLED TV

and more.

Mobile Phones

Today, almost all mobile phones sold in Japan allow the user to watch 1seg.

See also[link]

• Digital terrestrial television
• DMB - Europe
• DVB-H
• ISDB-T
  • ISDB-T International

References[link]

1. ^ Source; the article of Yomiuri Shimbun 2008-01-16, area version 13S page 8, and (Japanese language);2007 fiscal year monthly base shipment quantity (2007年度移動電話国内出荷実績、ワンセグ搭載比率（%）)
2. ^ 2007年度移動電話国内出荷実績; (2007 fiscal year mobile phone ship out record) (In Japanese)

External links[link]

• "TV programs go mobile as One Seg services begin". The Japan Times. 2006-04-01. Archived from the original on 2008-01-10. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20060401a2.html. 
• One-Seg service for Mobile DevicesPDF file, Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG)
• Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG) promote ISDB-T
• ISDB-T, Application, Present and Future, PDF File
• Mobile phone and PHS operators which provide 1seg phone receivers.
  • NTT docomo
  • au by KDDI
  • SoftBank Mobile
  • WILLCOM
• (Japanese) Association for promotion of Digital Broadcasting (Japanese)
• (Japanese) 1seg promotion site (Japanese)
• ACCESS Ginga Edition for 1Seg in Brazil
• GPS fitted with ISDB-T OneSeg sales grow in Brazil

For the U.S. judge, see Robert J. Conrad

Robert Conrad
Conrad in 1972
Born	Conrad Robert Falk (1929-03-01) March 1, 1929 (age 83) Chicago, Illinois, US
Years active	1957–2002
Spouse	Joan Kenlay (1952–83) LaVelda Fann (1983–2010)

Robert Conrad (born March 1, 1929) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the 1965-1969 CBS television series The Wild Wild West, in which he played the sophisticated Secret Service agent James T. West, and his portrayal of World War II ace Pappy Boyington in the television series Baa Baa Black Sheep. He was a recording artist of pop/rock songs in the early 1960s as Bob Conrad before he started acting. He hosts a weekly two hour national radio show (The PM Show with Robert Conrad) on CRN Digital Talk Radio.^[1]

Early life and career[link]

Conrad was born Conrad Robert Falk^[2] in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Jackie Smith, first publicity director of Mercury Records, who married Chicago disk jockey and radio personality Eddie Hubbard in 1948.^[3] Hubbard and Smith reportedly had at least one child together (born 1949)^[4] but split up by 1958.^[5]

Signed to Warner Bros. as an actor, Conrad took advantage of Warner's recording division. He eventually released several recordings issued on a variety of LPs, EPs, and SPs 33 and a third and 45 rpm records during the late 1950s and early 1960s.^[6] He had a minor Billboard hit song in "Bye Bye Baby" which reached #113.^[7]

Before The Wild Wild West, Conrad played Tom Lopaka in ABC's Hawaiian Eye opposite Anthony Eisley and Connie Stevens. The show was a hit, lasting four seasons, 1959-63. In the 1970s, he played such roles as prosecuting attorney Paul Ryan in a short-lived 1971 TV series, The D.A., and American spy Jake Webster in the series Assignment Vienna. With his muscular build and cigarette-induced gravelly voice, Conrad found ratings success playing legendary tough-guy World War II fighter ace Pappy Boyington in Baa Baa Black Sheep on NBC (retitled for its second season and in later syndication as Black Sheep Squadron), from 1976 to 1978. In 1980 he played a paraplegic coach in Coach of the Year. ^[8]

In the late 1970s, he served as the captain of the NBC team for six editions of Battle of the Network Stars. He played a modern day variation of James West in the short-lived secret agent series A Man Called Sloane in 1979, about the same time he reprised the role of West in a pair of made-for-TV films. He also starred in the 1978 TV miniseries Centennial on NBC.^{[citation needed]}

Conrad was widely identified in the late 1970s for his television commercials for Eveready batteries, particularly his placing of the battery on his shoulder and prompting the viewer to challenge its long-lasting power: "Come on, I dare ya". The commercial was frequently parodied on Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show and The Carol Burnett Show. In 1988, Conrad starred in a short-lived TV series called High Mountain Rangers with two of his sons later starring in that show's one season spin-off Jesse Hawkes. In 1990 he starred in the made for television adventure film Anything to Survive alongside Matt LeBlanc and Emily Perkins. In 1992, Conrad played the role of the sheriff in Richard Marx's "Hazard" music video.

Conrad took over hosting The History Channel's Weapons At War (later Tech Force) in 2000 following George C. Scott's 1999 death. In 2006, Conrad recorded audio introductions for every episode of the first season of The Wild Wild West for its North American DVD release on June 6. The DVD set also included one of Conrad's Eveready battery commercials; in his introduction, Conrad stated that he was flattered to be parodied by Carson. He was inducted into the Stuntman's Hall of Fame^[9] for his work on The Wild, Wild West series.

He appeared in the documentary film, Pappy Boyington Field, where he recounted his personal insights about the legendary Marine Corps Aviator that he portrayed in the television series.^[10] Conrad hosts a weekly radio talk show on CRN Digital Talk Radio.^[1]

Personal life[link]

Robert Conrad was married to Joan Kenlay from February 23, 1952 until their divorce; that union produced five children. His second marriage, to LaVelda Fann, produced three children. After living in Bear Valley, California in the High Sierra, Conrad and Fann re-located to Thousand Oaks, California in 2006. Conrad and Fann divorced in 2010. Of the children he had, Conrad would be joined on a few of his TV shows by his sons Shane and Christian and his daughter Nancy. Another daughter, Joan, is a television producer.

In a 2008 interview, Conrad described the late Chicago "made man" and burglar Michael Spilotro as his "best friend".^[11] Spilotro's slaying was featured in the movie Casino.

Conrad was involved with a volunteer organization in Bear Valley known as Bear Valley Search and Rescue. The rescue organization formed the basis of High Mountain Rangers.^[12]

On March 31, 2003, while on Highway 4 in the California Sierra foothills near his Alpine County home, Conrad drove his Jaguar over the center median and slammed head-on into a Subaru being driven by 26 year-old Kevin Burnett. Both men suffered serious injuries.^[13] Conrad pled no contest,^[14] and he was convicted of drunk driving (his blood-alcohol level was 0.22 percent, nearly three times the legal limit). He was ordered to six months' house arrest, alcohol counseling, and five years probation.^[14] A civil suit filed by Burnett was settled the following year for an undisclosed sum. In 2005, Burnett died as a result of perforated ulcers, which his family attributed to the difficult recovery he had from the crash.^[15][16] Conrad himself suffered severe nerve damage from the crash, which left his right side partially paralyzed.

During his DUI trial, court documents listed his year of birth as 1929, not the 1935 date listed in most entertainment biographies; the latter year would have made him 16 years old at the time of his first marriage.^[17][18]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Robert Conrad at the Internet Movie Database