Emancipation is a broad term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters. Emancipation stems from "ex manus capere": Take out the hand. Among others, Karl Marx discussed political emancipation in his 1844 essay "On the Jewish Question", although often in addition to (or in contrast with) the term human emancipation. Marx's views of political emancipation in this work were summarized by one writer as entailing "equal status of individual citizens in relation to the state, equality before the law, regardless of religion, property, or other “private” characteristics of individual people."^[1]

"Political emancipation" as a phrase is less common in modern usage, especially outside academic, foreign or activist contexts. However, similar concepts may be referred to by other terms. For instance, in the United States the civil rights movement culminating in the Voting Rights Act of 1965, can be seen as further realization of events such as the Emancipation Proclamation and abolition of slavery a century earlier. In the current and former British West Indies islands the holiday Emancipation Day is celebrated to mark the end of the Atlantic slave trade.

See also[link]

• Freedom (political)
• Emancipation of women, including the women's suffrage movement
• Catholic emancipation
• Jewish emancipation
• Emancipation of minors, where a minor becomes an adult in practice, usually by receiving a declaration of liberation from a court expressly for this purpose
• Youth rights
• Dunmore's Proclamation, a British promise during the American Revolutionary War to free slaves who joined the British forces
• Abolitionism (abolition of slavery), a political movement that sought to end the practice of slavery and the worldwide slave trade
• Emancipation Proclamation, a declaration by United States President Abraham Lincoln announcing that all slaves in Confederate territory still in rebellion were freed
• Manumission, the freedom of a slave by the owner voluntarily
• Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia, the liquidation of serf dependence of Russian peasants by Alexander II of Russia
• Emancipist was a term used for former transported convicts in the Australian penal colonies given conditional or absolute pardon
• Self-determination
• Revolution (disambiguation)
• Liberation (disambiguation)

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik Karl Marx as a Philosopher of Human Emancipation, translated by Dylan C. Stewart

External links[link]

• The Wiktionary entry for emancipation

Ashes of Soma is a Canadian alternative rock band.

Members[link]

• Randy Gray (vocals, acoustic guitar)
• Mike Preney (guitar)
• Paul Doman (drums)
• Joel Bishop (bass)^[1]

Biography[link]

Three Windsor high school classmates which consisted of Gray, Preney, and an unnamed vocalist sought out to start a band and found their drummer in Paul Doman, creating the band Knematic. After two separate incidents forced Gray and the former vocalist to leave the band, the band was left with a void. Ashes of Soma found their bassist in between the incidents, and Gray later happily rejoined the band as the new vocalist. After a couple of years of developing their sound, they recorded their first record, Exit 674. The first single released is "Emancipate".^[2] The band is working with record producer David Bendeth (known for his work with Breaking Benjamin and Killswitch Engage) as they record their second album.^[3]

They have toured in the US and Canada with Candlebox, Default, Hinder, and Theory of a Deadman.^[4] They have also toured with Social Code, Idle Sons, Evans Blue and Thornley.^[5]

The band's influences include Tool, Sevendust, Disturbed, Finger Eleven, and I Mother Earth.^[5]

In December 2008 the band released their third single "Bedroom Walls" and it received heavy air play on Canadian rock stations as well as WRIF (Detroit) and 89X (Windsor/Detroit) in Michigan. The song is slated to be released on iTunes in early 2009. Other new songs such as "Run", "You Vs. Me", "Fortune Awaits", "Bad Days" and "On My Mind" are also slated for release to iTunes at the same time. "Bedroom Walls", "Run" and "You Vs. Me" are currently streaming on the band's MySpace page.

The group has completed a new album, scheduled for release in February 2010.

Albums[link]

• Exit 674 (MapleMusic Recordings, 2005)
• Ashes of Soma (Set-Up Promotions, 2010)

References[link]

1. ^ Shaw, Ted (2006-06-15). "Ashes of Soma ready for bash". Windsor Star. p. C4. http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/entertainment/story.html?id=852744f7-24cb-40f8-a15c-9e722b63a684&k=44899. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 
2. ^ Chen, Dalson (2005-10-31). "Ashes offer blend of melody, kick". Windsor Star. p. A5. 
3. ^ Chen, Dalson (2007-08-13). "Band on track for second album". Windsor Star. p. A5. 
4. ^ Ashes of Soma. Real Detroit Weekly, June 27, 2007. Accessed September 19, 2007.
5. ^ ^{a b} Broadbent, Eric (2006-02-21). "Rock Shop #50 with Ashes of Soma". CK Times. http://www.cktimes.ca/view-article.php?archive=1&section=56&StoryID=5724&type=1. Retrieved 2008-02-10. 

External links[link]

• Ashes of Soma's MySpace Page
• Official Website dead link

Sally Field
Field at the 62nd Academy Awards ceremony, 1990
Born	Sally Margaret Field (1946-11-06) November 6, 1946 (age 65) Pasadena, California, U.S
Occupation	Actress, singer, producer, director, screenwriter
Years active	1962–present
Spouse	Steve Craig (1968–1975) Alan Greisman (1984–1993)

Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress, singer, producer, director, and screenwriter. In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV/film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget (1965–66) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun (1967–70); in the 1970s, for Sybil (1976), Smokey and the Bandit (1977) and Norma Rae (1979); in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice (1981), Places in the Heart (1984) and Steel Magnolias (1989); in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter (1991), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Forrest Gump (1994) and Eye for an Eye (1996); and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER and Brothers & Sisters (2006–11). She has also performed in numerous other roles.

Field won the Academy Award for Best Actress in a leading role on two occasions, Norma Rae (1979) and Places in the Heart (1984). Field's professional achievements also include winning three Emmy Awards: for her role in the TV film Sybil (1976); her guest-starring role on ER in 2000; and for her starring role as Nora Holden Walker on ABC's series Brothers & Sisters in 2007. She has also won two Golden Globes and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress. She also won the Best Female Performance Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, for Norma Rae (1979).

Early life[link]

Sally Field was born in Pasadena, California, daughter of Richard Dryden Field, an Army officer, and his wife, actress Margaret Field.^[1] Her parents divorced in 1950, and her mother later married actor and stuntman Jock Mahoney.

Field attended Portola Middle School, followed by Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, where she was a cheerleader. Her classmates included infamous financier Michael Milken, actress Cindy Williams (of Laverne & Shirley fame) and Michael Ovitz of Creative Artists Agency (CAA) and Walt Disney Studios fame.

Career[link]

Television[link]

Field got her start on television as the boy-crazy surfer girl in the mid-1960s surf culture sitcom series, Gidget. She went on to star as Sister Bertrille in The Flying Nun. In an interview included on the DVD release of The Flying Nun, she said that she would have preferred to continue playing Gidget. Field hated being on The Flying Nun because she wasn't treated with respect. After her iconic role on The Flying Nun, she had become typecast. Later, she starred opposite John Davidson in a short-lived series called The Girl with Something Extra (1973–74).

In 1971, Field starred in Maybe I'll Come Home in the Spring with David Carradine and a soundtrack by Linda Ronstadt. She played the role of a discouraged teen runaway who returned home after a year on the road with a bearded drug-abusing hippie named "Flack" (David Carradine).

She made several guest appearances, including a recurring role on the western comedy Alias Smith and Jones, starring Pete Duel (with whom she had worked on Gidget) and Ben Murphy, plus the Rod Serling's Night Gallery episode "Whisper".

Field in 1970s.

Having played mostly comedic characters on television, Field had a difficult time being cast in dramatic roles.^{[citation needed]} She studied with famed acting teacher Lee Strasberg, who had previously helped Marilyn Monroe go beyond the "bimbo" roles with which her career had begun.

Soon afterward, Field landed the title role in the 1976 TV film Sybil, the first of two films based on the book written by Flora Rheta Schreiber. Field's dramatic portrayal of Sybil, a young woman afflicted with Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder, in the TV film not only garnered her an Emmy Award^[2] (in 1977) but also enabled her to break through the typecasting she had experienced from her television sitcom roles.

Music[link]

While starring on The Flying Nun, Sally tried her hand at singing. Sally Field sang on the Soundtrack for The Flying Nun in 1967 and she even sang The Flying Nun theme song "Who Needs Wings to Fly". The same year, she cracked the Billboard Hot 100 with one single, Felicidad. Sally revived her singing career in 2008 when she sang on the soundtrack for "The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning".

Film[link]

Field had made her film debut in 1962 with a small part in Moon Pilot. Her first major film role was in The Way West (1967). In 1977, she co-starred with Burt Reynolds, Jackie Gleason and Jerry Reed in that year's #2 grossing film, Smokey and the Bandit.^[3] In 1979, she played a union organizer in Norma Rae, a successful film that established her status as a dramatic actress. Vincent Canby, in his review of the film for the New York Times, wrote: "Norma Rae is a seriously concerned contemporary drama, illuminated by some very good performances and one, Miss Field's, that is spectacular."^[4] She won the Best Female Performance Prize at the Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Field did three more of Reynolds' films (The End, Hooper and Smokey and the Bandit II). In 1981, Field continued to change her image, playing a foul-mouthed prostitute opposite Tommy Lee Jones in the South-set film Back Roads, which received middling reviews and grossed $11 million at the box office. She won Golden Globe nominations for the 1981 drama Absence of Malice and 1982 comedy Kiss Me Goodbye.

Then came a second Oscar for her starring role in the 1984 drama Places in the Heart. Field's gushing acceptance speech is well remembered for its earnestness. She said, "I haven't had an orthodox career, and I've wanted more than anything to have your respect. The first time I didn't feel it, but this time I feel it, and I can't deny the fact that you like me, right now, you like me!"^[5] The line ending in "...I can't deny the fact that you like me, right now, you like me!" is often misquoted as simply, "You like me, you really like me!" which has subsequently been the subject of many parodies. (Field parodied the line herself in a commercial.^{[citation needed]}) The phrase, "You like me" was originally from her wry, understated, famous reply in the film Norma Rae, but many people^{[citation needed]} totally missed the subtle connection in her acceptance speeches, with that point in the film.

The following year, she co-starred with James Garner in the romantic comedy Murphy's Romance. In A&E's biography of Garner, she cited her on-screen kiss with Garner as the best cinematic kiss she had ever had.

Field appeared on the cover of the March 1986 issue of Playboy magazine, in which she was the interview subject. She did not appear as a pictorial subject inside the magazine, although she did wear the classic leotard and bunny-ears outfit on the cover. That same year she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award.^[6]

For her role as the matriarch, M'Lynn, in the film version of Steel Magnolias (1989), she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. She had supporting roles in a number of other movies, including Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) in which she played Miranda Hillard, the wife of Robin Williams's character and the love interest of Pierce Brosnan's character Stuart 'Stu' Dunmyer. She followed this with the role of Forrest Gump's mother in Forrest Gump (1994), even though she is only 10 years older than Tom Hanks, with whom she had co-starred six years earlier in Punchline.

Her other films in the 1990s included Not Without My Daughter, a controversial suspense film, and Soapdish, a comedy in which Field, playing Celeste Talbert, the pampered star of a television soap opera, heads an all-star cast including Kevin Kline, Whoopi Goldberg, Elisabeth Shue and Robert Downey, Jr. In 1996, Field was awarded with the Berlinale Camera award at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival for her role as a grieving vigilante mother in Eye for an Eye for director John Schlesinger.^[7] She played Natalie Portman's mother in Where the Heart Is (2000) and appeared opposite Reese Witherspoon in Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde (2003).

Recent roles[link]

In November 2009, Sally appeared on an episode of The Doctors to talk about osteoporosis and her Rally With Sally Foundation.

On television, Field had a recurring role on ER in the 2000-01 season as Dr. Abby Lockhart's mother Maggie who suffers from bipolar disorder, a role for which she won an Emmy Award in 2001. After her critically acclaimed stint on the show, she returned to the role in 2003 and 2006. She also starred in the very short-lived 2002 series The Court.

Field's directorial career began with the television film The Christmas Tree (1996). In 1998, she directed the episode The Original Wives' Club of the critically acclaimed TV mini-series From the Earth to the Moon, also portryaing a minor role as Trudy, the wife of astronaut Gordon Cooper. In 2000, she directed the feature film Beautiful.

Field was a late addition to the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters, which debuted in September 2006. In the show's pilot, the role of matriarch Nora Walker had been played by actress Betty Buckley. However, the producers of the show decided to take the character of Nora in another direction, and Field was cast in the role. She won the 2007 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in her role as Nora Walker. The blockbuster soap also stars familiar actresses such as Calista Flockhart and Rachel Griffiths, in the roles of Nora's adult daughters, Kitty Walker and Sarah Walker, respectively, as well as unfamiliar actors, such as Welsh film actor Matthew Rhys tackling the very American role of Nora's son, Kevin Walker, and Dave Annable as Nora's youngest son, Justin Walker.

Field recently had a voice role as Marina del Rey, the primary antagonist in Disney's The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, which was released in August 2008.

Currently, Field can be seen on television as the compensated spokesperson for Roche Laboratories' postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment medication, Boniva.

She has been cast to portray Aunt May in the upcoming Marvel Comics film The Amazing Spider-Man and Mary Todd Lincoln in Steven Spielberg's upcoming film Lincoln, written by Tony Kushner.

Activism[link]

During her 2007 acceptance speech for her 2006-07 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, Field made an anti-war statement: "If the mothers ruled the world, there would be no goddamn wars in the first place!"^[8] Though the crowd present at the Emmy Awards heard it, viewers watching the telecast in the United States only heard "if mothers ruled the world there would be no ... ," due to the censoring of the rest of the statement (in the rest of the world, her remark was not bleeped). In the 2008 presidential election, she supported Hillary Clinton in her bid for the Democratic Party nomination.

Field is also a dedicated advocate for women's rights. She currently serves on the Board of Directors of Vital Voices Global Partnership, an international women's NGO, and has co-hosted the Global Leadership Awards six times.^[9]

Personal life[link]

Field married Steven Craig in 1968. The couple had two sons, Peter Craig, a novelist, and Eli Craig, an actor and director. They divorced in 1975. Sally Field was romantically involved with Burt Reynolds for many years, during which time they co-starred in several movies, including Smokey and the Bandit, Smokey and the Bandit II, and The End. In 1984, she married film producer Alan Greisman. They had one son, Sam. Field and Greisman divorced in 1993.

On October 29, 1988, she and her family survived a crash after their charter plane lost power on takeoff. They all survived with minor injuries.^[10]

Field suffers from osteoporosis and has become a vocal advocate for women's health issues, encouraging early diagnosis of such conditions through technology such as bone density scans.^[11]

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

Television[link]

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

• "Felicidad" (Billboard Hot 100 #94) / "Find Yourself A Rainbow" -- Colgems (1967)
• "Golden Days" / "You're a Grand Old Flag" -- Colgems (1968)
• "Gonna Build A Mountain" / "Months of The Year" -- Colgems (1968)
• "Just One Mistake" -- Walt Disney Records (2008)
• "Just One Mistake (Reprise)" -- Walt Disney Records (2008)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sally Field

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Sally Field

• Sally Field at the Internet Movie Database
• Sally Field at the TCM Movie Database
• Sally Field at AllRovi
• Two Weeks movie site
• Sally Field at Emmys.com
• Actress Sally Field On Hollywood, Family and Aging, an NPR Interview, June 3, 2009 (streaming audio)