David Allen Gewirtz is an American journalist, author, and U.S. policy advisor who has written more than 900 articles about technology, competitiveness, and national security policy. According to CNN, he is "a leading Presidential scholar"^[1] and "one of America's foremost cyber-security experts and a top expert on saving and creating jobs"^[2] Gewirtz was featured on The History Channel television special The President's Book of Secrets, which detailed secret information privy only to the President of the United States.^[3] He currently serves as director of the U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute.^[4]

Gewirts grew up in Fair Lawn, New Jersey.^[5]

Gewirtz is a CNN contributor, a CBS contributing editor, and the ZDNet Government blogger.^[6] He is best known for his non-partisan investigative reporting on the Bush White House e-mail controversy.^[7] He is the author of the book Where Have All The E-mails Gone? How Something as Seemingly Benign as White House E-mail Can Have Freaky National Security Consequences (ISBN 978-0945266204), which explores the controversy from a technical perspective and, according to The Intelligence Daily, is "the definitive account about the circumstances that led to the loss of administration emails."^[8]

Gewirtz is the cyberwarfare advisor^[9] for the International Association for Counterterrorism & Security Professionals, a columnist for The Journal of Counterterrorism and Homeland Security, and has been a guest commentator for the Nieman Watchdog of the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University.^[10] He is also a member of the FBI InfraGard program and is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute.^[2]

Gewirtz has been awarded the Sigma Xi Research Award in Engineering and was a candidate for the 2008 Pulitzer Prize in Letters.^[11] He is the author of five books including How To Save Jobs and Where Have All The E-mails Gone?.

Gewirtz is an advisory board member for the Technical Communications and Management Certificate program and a member of the instructional faculty at the University of California, Berkeley extension. Gewirtz is also a former professor of computer science and has lectured at Princeton University, the University of California, Berkeley, UCLA, and Stanford.^[12] He is also the editor-in-chief of ZATZ Publishing, an independent digital magazine and book publisher.

White House e-mail controversy[link]

As his main premise, Gewirtz claims that White House e-mail is broken and needs to be fixed. He identifies five areas of concern.

Inadequate archiving methodology[link]

He first claims the White House's e-mail archiving system is inadequate to the point of negligence.^[10] He reports, based on Congressional testimony by White House Chief Information Officer Theresa Payton, that the White House currently stores its e-mail archives in Microsoft Outlook .PST files.^[13] Based on Payton's testimony and Microsoft's guidelines for Outlook files, Gewirtz claims these files are above their safe storage capacity.^[14]

Email migration during time of war[link]

His second claim is that the White House has given no technically sound reason for switching e-mail systems from IBM Lotus Notes to Microsoft Outlook. During Payton's testimony phase, Congressman Darrell Issa asked, "Lotus Notes no longer exists, right?" Payton replied, "It is no longer supported. Some groups may still use it, but it is no longer supported."^[13][15] Since Notes is still an actively supported, high-profile IBM product, Gewirtz asks why such a critical migration was done during a build-up to war.

Influence of the 1939 Hatch Act[link]

Gewirtz also takes issue with the Hatch Act of 1939 for two reasons. First, he claims that since the Hatch Act apparently bans White House staffers from using government e-mail resources for political communication, White House aides used political party e-mail resources instead, effectively bypassing the record-keeping requirements of the Presidential Records Act. He claims in the 2,072 days between September 11, 2001 and May 15, 2007, a minimum of 103.6 million messages were likely sent by White House staffers on Republican National Committee servers.^[10]

He also claims that insecure messaging puts national security at risk. He claims that since the White House staffers must bypass government servers, their email is traveling across the Internet without necessary security. He cites numerous national security risk scenarios that could occur due to possible interception of White House email messages.

Poor management of portable technology[link]

Finally, Gewirtz cites Congressional testimony by Susan Ralston, one-time aide to Karl Rove, who stated before Congress that Rove had lost his BlackBerry device on more than one occasion.^[16] Gewirtz claims that because BlackBerry devices can store significant data, losing these devices poses another security risk.

This concern was proven true during the week of April 21, 2008 when Rafael Quintero Curiel, lead press advance person for the Mexican delegation, was caught stealing BlackBerry devices belonging to White House staffers who were attending meetings between U.S. President George W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and Mexican President Felipe Calderón, who were at the 2008 North American Leaders' Summit.^[17]

In a subsequent article after the publication of the book, Gewirtz also cites additional Payton statements^[18] that show an alarming lack of security for personal computers within the White House and for portable media such as flash drives.

Recommendations[link]

Gewirtz also makes a series of recommendations. He recommends the Hatch Act be modified to require White House workers to use secured government systems for all communication.^[19] He recommends the establishment of a professional, administration-spanning "Electronic Communications Protection Detail" reporting to the United States Secret Service. Finally, he recommends the Electronic Communications Protection Detail manage all email, archiving, and messaging security for White House staff.^[20]

Politics[link]

Gewirtz claims to have voted for both Democrats and Republicans and acknowledges voting for Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton. According to Gewirtz, "At various times in my life, I've called myself a Republican and at other times, a Democrat. These days, both parties have sufficiently pissed me off that I'm pretty much an independent."^[20]

Media appearances[link]

Gewirtz writes analysis and commentary for the CNN prime-time program Anderson Cooper 360 and is listed among the program website's official contributors.^[2] He is also a CBS contributing editor and writes the ZDNet Government blog for CBS Interactive.

Gewirtz is also a frequent TV and radio guest. He was featured on the History Channel special The President's Book of Secrets, which detailed information privy only to the President of the United States. He has been interviewed by Fox News, various ABC and NBC affiliates, and has been a featured guest on National Public Radio^[21] and has been interviewed by Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. on the Air America Radio network.^[11] He was also featured on BBC, Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and Radio Liberty where his commentaries on technology, industry, and emerging nations have been broadcast into 46 countries (all in their own unique translations).

Education[link]

In the late 1970s, Gewirtz was a Radiological Defense Officer and attended the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA) Staff College.^[22] The DCPA was originally part of the United States Department of Defense and became part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1979.^[23] He earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in 1982, where he graduated with distinction. He was in the Ph.D. program at the University of California, Berkeley and was awarded a jure dignitatis Ph.D. by the University of Kent.^[24]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

In 1982, Gewirtz headed out to Berkeley, California to become a product manager for Unix porting house UniSoft. In 1983, he moved on to early RISC mini-computer vendor Pyramid Technology, where he introduced a version of Unix that merged BSD 4.2 and AT&T Unix System V^[25] and managed the company's work with artificial intelligence systems.^[26] In 1986, Gewirtz was hired as director of product marketing for Living Videotext, where he worked for controversial blogging and RSS pioneer Dave Winer.

When the company merged with Symantec, he worked as an executive there for a short time before leaving in 1987 to start his first company, Hyperpress Publishing.^[27] He also held the unusual title of "Godfather" at Apple Inc.^[8] and served on the board of the Software Entrepreneurs Forum (now SVForum) in Santa Clara County, California.

In 1993, Gewirtz moved to New Jersey and founded Component Software Corporation to publish the FileFlex relational database engine, which was "the first, and at one time, the most popular commercial PC database designed for multimedia applications."^[28] It allowed developers to embed a relational database engine in Macromedia Director. Gewirtz acquired all rights to the product in September 1993, rewrote the product from the ground up using new searching, floating point, and compiler technology.^[29] and licensed the product to Macromedia (now part of Adobe Systems) for inclusion in Director.^[28]

Technology editor[link]

Gewirtz began his editorial career in 1979 as a contributing editor for Creative Computing magazine, where he worked for hypertext inventor Ted Nelson and David H. Ahl, author of the first million-selling computer book.^[30] In the early 1980s, Creative Computing was purchased by Ziff-Davis, where, on and off over the next 20 years, Gewirtz worked as editor-in-chief for various Ziff publications.

In the early 1980s, he was a contributing editor and then software editor for S-100 Microsystems Magazine, and a technical reviewer for Osborne/McGraw-Hill. In the mid-1990s, he was editor of the CD-ROM publication The Notes Enthusiast, published by jointly by IBM and Ziff-Davis. In 1995, Gewirtz was hired as the editor-in-chief of Workspace for Lotus Notes, published by Ziff-Davis.^[31] From 1996 to 1998, he was editor-in-chief of The Insider for Lotus cc:Mail, also published by Ziff-Davis, and in 1997, became the editor-in-chief of The Notes Report, originally published by IDG and then acquired by Ziff-Davis. In 2010, Gewirtz once again became involved with the Ziff-Davis brand, joining CBS Interactive as a contributing editor and ZDNet as the ZDNet Government blogger.

ZATZ Publishing[link]

In 1998, Gewirtz founded ZATZ Publishing. His first publication was PalmPower Magazine, produced under license from Palm, Inc.^[32] In August 1998, he started DominoPower Magazine and in 2002 founded OutlookPower Magazine, which focus on IBM Lotus and Microsoft e-mail and collaboration software, respectively.^[24] In 1999, the New Jersey Technology Council presented Gewirtz an award for the ZATZ publishing strategy.^[33]

In 2003, Gewirtz started the IBM Java EE and WebSphere-related news weekly WebSpherePower Magazine, renamed PalmPower Magazine to Computing Unplugged Magazine, broadening its scope beyond Palm personal digital assistants into a consumer technology magazine with a mobile focus,^[34] and began publishing Connected Photographer Magazine.

Other professional activities[link]

Gewirtz is the developer of ZENPRESS, an Internet magazine content management system. He is also the lead developer of the MySQL and SQLite database extensions for the open-source Frontier Kernel project and has designed embedded database technology used by more than 2,000 companies, universities, and government agencies.^[12] He is also the director of the U.S. Strategic Perspective Institute.

Personal life[link]

Gewirtz is married to Denise Amrich. They were married in Las Vegas by an Elvis "tribute artist" named Norm^[35] and currently live in Florida.^[36]

Works[link]

• HyperTalk and the External Commands (1987)

• Lotus Notes 3 Revealed! (1993)

• The Flexible Enterprise: How to Reinvent Your Company, Unlock Your Strengths, and Prosper in a Changing World (1996)

• Where Have All The E-mails Gone? How Something as Seemingly Benign as White House E-mail Can Have Freaky National Security Consequences (2007)

• How To Save Jobs: Reinventing Business, Reinvigorating Work, and Reawakening the American Dream (2010)

External links[link]

• David Gewirtz CNN blog CNN blog for Anderson Cooper 360 program.
• David Gewirtz ZDNet blog CBS Interactive ZDNet Government blog.
• David Gewirtz personal site Personal site for David Gewirtz.
• Home page for How To Save Jobs book Site contains full investigative library.
• Home page for Where Have All The Emails Gone? book Site contains ongoing updates on the White House e-mail controversy case and forensic investigation resources.
• Gewirtz articles Bibliography of articles by Gewirtz for ZATZ Publishing magazines.
• Gewirtz early articles Bibliography of early Gewirtz articles.
• ZATZ Publishing Home page for ZATZ Publishing.
• David Gewirtz at the Internet Movie Database.

References[link]

King David
King of Israel
Statue of David by Nicolas Cordier, in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
Reign	over Judah c. 1010–1003 BC; over Judah and Israel c. 1003–970 BC
Born	c. 1040 BC
Birthplace	Bethlehem
Died	c. 970 BC
Place of death	Jerusalem
Predecessor	Saul (Judah), Ishbaal (Israel)
Successor	Solomon
Royal House	House of David (new house)
Father	Jesse
Mother	not named in the Bible; identified by the Talmud as Nitzevet, daughter of Adael

David (Hebrew: דָּוִד, דָּוִיד, Modern David Tiberian Dāwîḏ; ISO 259-3 Dawid; Strong's Daveed; beloved; Arabic: داوود‎ or داود‎ ^[a] Dāwūd) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and, according to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke, an ancestor of Jesus. David is seen as a major Prophet in Islamic traditions. ^[1][2] His life is conventionally dated to c. 1040–970 BC, his reign over Judah c. 1010–1003 BC,^{[citation needed]} and his reign over the United Kingdom of Israel c. 1003–970 BC.^{[citation needed]} The Books of Samuel, 1 Kings, and 1 Chronicles are the only sources of information on David, although the Tel Dan stele records "House of David", which some take as confirmation of the existence in the mid-9th century BC of a Judean royal dynasty called the "House of David".

David is very important to Jewish, Christian and Islamic doctrine and culture. In Judaism, David, or David HaMelekh, is the King of Israel, and the Jewish people. Jewish tradition maintains that a direct descendant of David will be the Messiah. In Islam, he is known as Dawud, considered to be a prophet and the king of a nation. He is depicted as a righteous king, though not without faults, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician, and poet, traditionally credited for composing many of the psalms contained in the Book of Psalms.

Historicity[link]

Archaeological evidence[link]

Tel Dan Stele and Mesha Stele[link]

The Tel Dan Stele.

A fragment of an Aramean victory stele discovered in 1993 at Tel Dan and dated c.850–835 BC contains the phrase ביתדוד (bytdwd). Because the ancient Aramaic script is written without vowels, different readings are possible. Scholars agree that the first part should be read בֵּית (beyt), meaning "house". However, the second part can be read as דּוֹד (dod), which means "uncle" or "beloved" or as דָּוִד (David). The phrase therefore can mean either "House of the beloved", "House of the uncle" or "House of David".^[3] Since the stele recounts the victory of an Aramean king over "the king of Israel",^[4] the translation of "ביתדוד" as "the House of David" is not illogical.^[5][6]