Kerman

Sunday, 06 January 2013

Iran - Village of Meymand, Kerman Province.flv

Kerbal Space Program: Jebediah Kerman Begins

Gerardo Ortiz - Visita Kerman High School 2011

Al Hilal (KSA) Vs. Mes Kerman (Iran) - Goals [ Asian Champions League 2010,Group D ]

Coffee Break with Mr. Man! - Mr. Man's Space Initiative - Rescuing Bill Kerman from the Mun... (Kerbal Space Program 0.17)

Kerman Youth Junior Squad. (taking it back old school)

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

Aminshahr
Aminshahr (Persian: امین‌شهر‎; formerly, Hoseynabad (Persian: حسين آباد), also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād and Husainābād; also known as Ḩoseynābād Amīn) is a city in Anar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,044, in 989 families.

wn.com/Aminshahr
Anar County
Anar County (Persian: شهرستان انار‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Anar. It was separated from Rafsanjan County in 2009. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 31,554, in 7,803 families. The county has two cities: Anar and Aminshahr.

wn.com/Anar_County
Anbarabad
Anbarabad (Persian: عنبرآباد‎, also Romanized as ‘Anbarābād and Ambārābād) is a city in and the capital of Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18,590, in 3,997 families. It is located to the southwest of Jiroft, off the Road 91. The local economy is agricultural based, with extensive fields around Anbarabad.
In 2003, Anbarabad became recognized as a sub-provincial unit (county) and separated from Jiroft County which it had been belonged to. Most of the land around Anbarabad is steppe or sandy desert, but there is an extensive strip of fields between the city and the Route 91, indicating an agricultural importance in the area. Some species have been identified which are endemic to the Anbarabad area including those of the sub family Thaumastellinae for the genus Thaumastella.

wn.com/Anbarabad
Anbarabad County
Anbarabad County (Persian: شهرستان عنبرآباد‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Anbarabad. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 113,751, in 23,858 families. The county is subdivided into three districts (bakhsh): the Central District, Esmaili District, and Jebalbarez Jonubi District. The county has two cities: Anbarabad and Mardehek. In 2003, Anbarabad became recognized as a sub-provincial unit and separated from Jiroft County.

wn.com/Anbarabad_County
Anduhjerd
Anduhjerd (Persian: اندوهجرد‎, also Romanized as Andūhjerd and Andigird) is a city in Shahdad District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,853, in 703 families.

wn.com/Anduhjerd
Arzuiyeh
Arzuiyeh (Persian: ارزوئيه‎, also Romanized as Arzū’īyeh, Arzoo’eyeh, Orzū’īyeh, ‘Orsū’īyeh, and Ozū’īyeh; also known as Ārzū) is a city in and the capital of Arzuiyeh District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,668, in 1,286 families.

wn.com/Arzuiyeh
Baft
Baft (Persian: بافت‎, also Romanized as Bāft) is a city in and the capital of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. Baft is located 155 kilometres (96 mi) southwest of Kerman. At the 2006 census, its population was 35,008, in 8,265 families.

wn.com/Baft
Baft County
Baft County (Persian: شهرستان بافت) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Baft. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including portions later split off to form Rabor County) was 138,847, in 32,262 families; excluding those portions, the population was 105,129, in 24,598 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Arzuiyeh District. The county has three cities: Baft, Arzuiyeh, and Bezenjan.

wn.com/Baft_County
Bahreman
Bahreman (Persian: بهرمان‎, also Romanized as Bahremān, Bāhermūn, and Bahrmun) is a city in and the capital of Nuq District, in Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,405, in 1,109 families.

wn.com/Bahreman
Bam County
Bam County (Persian: شهرستان بم‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Bam. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including portions later split off to form Fahraj County, Narmashir County, and Rigan County) was 277,835, in 67,639 families; excluding those portions, the population was 118,037 in 31,124 families. The county is has one district (bakhsh): the Central District. The county has two cities: Bam, Baravat.

wn.com/Bam_County
Bandar Abbas
Bandar-Abbas (Persian: بندرعباس‎) or Bandar-e ‘Abbās (Persian: بندر عباس), also Romanized as Bandar ‘Abbās, Bandar ‘Abbāsī, and Bandar-e ‘Abbās; formerly known as Cambarão and Port Comorão to Portuguese traders, as Gombroon to English traders and as Gamrun or Gumrun to Dutch merchants) is a port city and capital of Hormozgān Province on the southern coast of Iran, on the Persian Gulf. The city occupies a strategic position on the narrow Straits of Hormuz, and it is the location of the main base of the Iranian Navy. Bandar Abbas is the capital and also largest city of the province Hormozgān. At the 2006 census, its population was 367,508, in 89,404 families.
Bandar Abbas has always been a port, and as such its various names have all addressed this function. The most common name over time (Gameroon) has traditionally been said to derive from Persian gümrük, customhouse (from Late Greek kommerkion, from Latin commercium, "commerce"), but is now speculated to be from Persian kamrūn, shrimp (which in Portuguese is camarão, similar to the former Portuguese name).

wn.com/Bandar_Abbas
Baravat
Bezenjan (Persian: بروات‎, also Romanized as Baravāt and Barvat; also known as Borūnābād and Burābād) is a city in the Central District of Bam County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15,388, in 3,950 families.

wn.com/Baravat
Bardsir
Bardsir (Persian: بردسير‎, also Romanized as Bardsīr and Bardesīr; also known as Deh-e Now-e Mashīz, Mashīz, Mshiz, and Qal‘eh-ye Mashīz) is a city in and the capital of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31,801, in 7,391 families.
It is the location of the Islamic Azad University of Bardsir.

wn.com/Bardsir
Bardsir County
Bardsir County (Persian: شهرستان بردسیر‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Bardsir. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 84,543, in 18,650 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Lalehzar District. The county has three cities: Bardsir, Golzar, and Negar.
)

wn.com/Bardsir_County
Bezenjan
Bezenjan (Persian: بزنجان‎, also Romanized as Bezenjān, Bezenjānī, Bīzenjān, and Bizinjān; also known as Now Bezenjān) is a city in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,417, in 1,112 families.

wn.com/Bezenjan
Chatrud
Chatrud or Chatroud (Persian: چترود‎, also Romanized as Chatrūd) is a city in and capital of Chatrud District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,660, in 1,378 families.

wn.com/Chatrud
Dehaj
Dehaj (Persian: دهج‎, also Romanized as Dahaj and Dehīj) is a city in and the capital of Dehaj District, in Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,756, in 1,600 families.

wn.com/Dehaj
Ekhtiarabad
Ekhtiarabad (Persian: اختيارآباد‎, also Romanized as Ekhtīārābād, Ekhteyārābād, Ekhtīyār Ābād, Ikhtiārābād, and Ikhtrārābād) is a city in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,513, in 1,827 families.

wn.com/Ekhtiarabad
England
England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

wn.com/England
Fahraj
Fahraj (Persian: فهرج‎, also Romanized as Fahrej; formerly, Narmāshīr and Irānshahr) is a city in and the capital of Fahraj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,105, in 1,428 families.

wn.com/Fahraj
Fahraj County
Fahraj County (Persian: شهرستان فهرج‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Fahraj. It was separated from Bam County in 2009. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 41,291 in 9,568 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Negin Kavir District. The county has one city: Fahraj.

wn.com/Fahraj_County
Fars Province
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Fars Province (Persian: استان فارس‎ Ostān-e Fārs pronounced [fɑː(r)s]), originally spelled Pars (پارس), is one of the 31 provinces and known as Cultural Capital of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. It has an area of 122,400 km². In 2006, this province had a population of 4.57 million people, of which 61.2% were registered as urban dwellers, 38.1% villagers, and 0.7% nomad tribes. The etymology of the word "Persian" (Pārs-ian : پارسیان) is derived from the cultural capital of Iran and found in many ancient names associated with Iran.
Fars or Pars is the original homeland of the Persian people. The native name of the Persian language is Fârsi or Pârsi. Persia and Persian both derive from the Hellenized form Πέρσις Persis of the root word Pârs. The Old Persian word was Pârsâ.
The word Fars is derived from 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 Pârsa, the Old Persian name for Persia and its capital, Persepolis. Fars is the Arabized version of Pârs, as Arabic has no [p] phoneme.

wn.com/Fars_Province
Faryab County
Faryab County (Persian: شهرستان فاریاب‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Faryab. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2011. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 31,605, in 6,751 families. The county has one city: Faryab.

wn.com/Faryab_County
Ganjali Khan Complex
The Ganjali Khan Complex (Persian: مجموعه گنجعلیخان ‎ - Majmou-e-yeh Ganjali Khan) is a Safavid-era complex, located in the old center of city of Kerman, Iran. The complex is composed of a school, a square, a caravanserai, a bathhouse, an Ab Anbar (water reservoir), a mint, a mosque and a bazaar.
The Ganjali Khan Complex was built by Ganjali Khan who governed Kerman, Sistan and Kandahar provinces from 1596 to 1621 under Safavid Shah Abbas I. A number of inscriptions laid inside the complex indicate the exact date when these places have been built. The architect of the complex was Mohammad Soltani from Yazd.
The complex covers an area of 11000 square meters and is centered on a large public square—ninety-nine meters by fifty-four meter—which is aligned with Vakil Bazaar running east-west to its south. The square is enveloped by bazaar arcades to the north, south and west and is flanked by the Ganjali Caravanserai to the east. The entrance to the Ganjali bathhouse is located along a section of Vakil Bazaar south of the square, known as Ganjali Khan Bazaar. The complex was built in Isfahani style of architecture.

wn.com/Ganjali_Khan_Complex
Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

wn.com/Germany
Golbaf
Golbaf (Persian: گلباف‎, also Romanized as Golbāf; also known as Gowg) is a city in and capital of Golbaf District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 8,341, in 2,039 families.

wn.com/Golbaf
Hojedk
Hojedk (Persian: هجدك‎, also Romanized as Hejdak) is a city in and the capital of Kuhsaran District, in Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 938, in 232 families.

wn.com/Hojedk
Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (ⁱ/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران‎ [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎ Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km² (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.

wn.com/Iran
Jebalbarez
Jebalbarez (Persian: جبالبارز‎, also Romanized as Jebālbārez and Jebāl Bārez) is a city in and the capital of Jebalbarez District, in Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,639, in 576 families.

wn.com/Jebalbarez
Jiroft
Jiroft (Persian: جيرفت‎, also Romanized as Jīroft; formerly, Sabzāwārān, Sabzevārān, Sabzevārān-e Jiroft, and Sabzvārān) is a city in and the capital of Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95,031, in 19,926 families. It is located 230 kilometres (140 mi) south of the city of Kerman, and 1,375 kilometres (854 mi) south of Tehran along Road 91. In the past it was also called Sabzevaran, and on account of its being very fertile land it is famous as Hend-e-Koochak (the little India).
Jiroft is located in a vast plain, Halil River, on the southern outskirts of the Jebal Barez mountain chain, surrounded by two rivers. The mean elevation of the city is about 650-metres above sea level. The weather of the city is very warm in summer and temperatures are moderate in winter. It is one of the hottest places in Iran and the world, with a recorded temperature of 135 °F (57 °C) in August 1933.
The name "Jiroft" has recently become known in archaeological circles, after Iran's Cultural Organization announced the discovery of remains from an ancient city buried near the current city of Jiroft, leading to theories proposing the remains belong to a forgotton culture known as the Jiroft civilization.

wn.com/Jiroft
Jiroft County
Jiroft County (Persian: شهرستان جیرفت‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Jiroft. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 181,300 in 38,307 families. The county is subdivided into three districts (bakhsh): the Central District, Sarduiyeh District, and Jebalbarez District. The county has three cities: Jiroft, Darb-e Behesht, and Jebalbarez.

wn.com/Jiroft_County
Jowzam
Jowzam (Persian: جوزم‎) is a city in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,949, in 1,495 families.

wn.com/Jowzam
Jupar
Jupar (Persian: جوپار‎, also Romanized as Jūpār) is a city in Mahan District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,830, in 1,054 families.

wn.com/Jupar
Kahnuj
Kahnuj (Persian: كهنوج‎, also Romanized as Kahnūj) is a city in and the capital of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38,571, in 8,278 families.

wn.com/Kahnuj
Kahnuj County
Kahnuj County (Persian: شهرستان کهنوج) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Kahnuj. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including portions later split off to form Faryab County) was 102,269, in 21,780 families; excluding those portions, the population was 70,664, in 15,029 families. The county is has one district (bakhsh): the Central District. The county has one city: Kahnuj.

wn.com/Kahnuj_County
Kerman
Kerman (Persian: كرمان‎, also Romanized as Kermān and Kirman; also known as Carmania) is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 515,114, in 127,806 families, being 13th most populous city in Iran at that time. It's the largest and most developed city in the Kerman Province and also the major city in South-East of Iran. It is one of the largest cities of Iran in terms of area. Kerman is famous for its long history and strong cultural heritage. The city is home to many historic mosques and Zoroastrian fire temples. Kerman is in the list of recent world record of 1000 clean cities. Kerman was formerly the capital of Iran during several periods of time. Located in a large and flat plain, this city is located 1,036 km (643 mi) south of Tehran, the capital of Iran.
Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Behdesīr, by Ardeshir I, founder of the Sassanid Empire, in the 3rd century AD. After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. At first the city's isolation allowed Kharijites and Zoroastrians to thrive there, but the Kharijites were wiped out in 698, and the population was mostly Muslim by 725. Already in the eighth century the city was famous for its manufacture of cashmere wool shawls and other textiles. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid dynasty, which maintained control even when the region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazna in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adopted at some point in the tenth century.

wn.com/Kerman
Kerman County
Kerman County (Persian: شهرستان کرمان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Kerman. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 654,052, in 166,740 families. The county is subdivided into six districts (bakhsh): the Central District, Mahan District, Shahdad District, Golbaf District, Rayen District, and Chatrud District. The county has thirteen cities: Kerman, Anduhjerd, Baghin, Chatrud, Ekhtiarabad, Golbaf, Jupar, Kazemabad, Mahan, Mohiabad, Rayen, Shahdad, and Zangiabad.

wn.com/Kerman_County
Kerman Province
Kerman Province (Persian: استان کرمان‎, Ostān-e Kermān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Kerman is located in the south-east of Iran with its administrative center in the city of Kerman. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achamenid satrapy of Carmania, it is the second largest province of Iran with an area of 180,726 km². [2]. The population of the province is about 3 million (9th in the country). The main townships of Kerman province are: Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Jiroft, joupar, Rafsanjan, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman, Mahan, Rayen, Kahnuj, Ghale-Ganj, Manujan, Roodbar-e-Jonob, Anbar Abad,and Ravar.
In the year 1996, 52.9% of Kerman's population lived in urban areas, and 46% in the rural vicinities, the remaining 1.1% accounted as non residents. The city of Kerman (population: 750,000) embraces about 80% of the urban population, being the most developed and largest city of the province.
The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic folds beginning in Azarbaijan, and by branching out in the central plateau of Iran, terminate in Baluchestan. These mountain ranges have brought about vast plains in the province of Kerman. The Bashagard and Kuh-e Banan Mountains are the highest in this region, and include peaks such as Toghrol, Aljerd, Palvar, Sirach, Abareq and Tahrood. Other ranges that stretch out from Yazd to Kerman and Challeh-ye-Jazmoorian include peaks like Medvar, Shahr-e-Babak, Kuh-e Panj, Chehel Tan, Lalezar, Hezarbahr, Aseman and others.

wn.com/Kerman_Province
Khanuk
Khanuk (Persian: خانوك‎, also Romanized as Khānūk and Khānūq) is a city in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,582, in 854 families.

wn.com/Khanuk
Khatunabad
Khatunabad (Persian: خاتون اباد‎, also Romanized as Khātūnābād) is a city in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,883, in 900 families.

wn.com/Khatunabad
Khorsand
Khorsand (Persian: خورسند‎, also Romanized as Khūrsand) is a city in the Central District of Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,847, in 1,663 families.

wn.com/Khorsand
Kian Shahr
Kian Shahr (Persian: كيانشهر‎, also Romanized as Kīān Shahr and Kīyān Shār; also known as Shahrak-e Pābedānā) is a city in and the capital of Toghrol Al Jerd District, in Kuhbanan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,503, in 1,555 families.

wn.com/Kian_Shahr
Koshkuiyeh
Koshkuiyeh (Persian: كشكوئيه‎, also Romanized as Koshkū’īyeh, Kashkū’īyeh, Qūshk, and Kūshku) is a city in and the capital of Koshkuiyeh District, in Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,150, in 1,428 families.

wn.com/Koshkuiyeh
Kuhbanan
Kuhbanan (Persian: كوهبنان‎, also Romanized as Kūhbanān, Koobanan, Kūh Baneh, Kūhbonān, and Kūh Banān) is a city in and the capital of Kuhbanan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10,112, in 2,623 families.

wn.com/Kuhbanan
Kuhbanan County
Kuhbanan County (Persian: شهرستان کوهبنان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Kuhbanan. It was separated from Zarand County in 2004. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 24,465 in 6,348 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Toghrol Al Jerd District. The county has two cities: Kuhbanan and Kian Shahr.

wn.com/Kuhbanan_County
Manujan
Manujan (Persian: منوجان‎, also Romanized as Manūjān; also known as Qal‘eh-ye Manūjān - meaning "Fort Manujan"; formerly, Posht Qalāt) is a city in and the capital of Manujan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12,110, in 2,501 families.

wn.com/Manujan
Manujan County
Manujan County (Persian: شهرستان منوجان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Manujan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 63,270, in 13,361 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Aseminun District. The county has two cities: Manujan and Nowdezh.

wn.com/Manujan_County
Mardehek
Mardehek (Persian: مردهك‎, also Romanized as Mardeh, Mardehak, and Mardehk) is a city in and the capital of Jebalbarez Jonubi District, in Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,912, in 407 families.

wn.com/Mardehek
Mashhad
Mashhad (Persian: مشهد‎) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its population was 2,427,316 at the 2006 population census. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.
Now Mashhad is notably known as the resting place of the Imam Reza. A shrine was later built there to commemorate the Imam, which in turn gave rise to increasing demographic development.
Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran.
The city is located at 36.20º North latitude and 59.35º East longitude, in the valley of the Kashaf River near Turkmenistan, between the two mountain ranges of Binalood and Hezar-masjed. The city benefits from the proximity of the mountains, having cool winters, pleasant springs, mild summers, and beautiful autumns. It is only about 250 km (160 mi) from Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.

wn.com/Mashhad
Maymand
Maymand is a very ancient village in the province of Kerman, Iran. Its population is about 150 people. In 2005 the village won the UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize (about $20,000). The local language contains many words from the ancient Sassanid and Pahlavi languages.میمنـــد
Maymand is a very ancient village which is located near Shahr -e- Babak city in Kerman Province, Iran.
Maymand is believed to be a primary human residence in the Iranian Plateau, dating back to 12,000 years ago; it is still home to nearly 150 people (most of whom are elderly), many of whom live in the 350 hand-dug houses amidst the rocks, some of which have been inhabited for as long as 3,000 years. Stone engravings nearly 10,000 years old are found around the village, and deposits of pottery nearly 6,000 years old attest to the long history of settlement at the village site. Living conditions in Maymand are harsh due to the aridity of the land and to high temperatures in summers and very cold winters. In 2005, Meymand was awarded the Melina Mercury International Prize for the safeguarding and management of its cultural landscapes. Hesarooyeh:حصاروئیه

wn.com/Maymand
Mohiabad
Mohiabad (Persian: محي آباد‎, also Romanized as Moḩīābād, Mohīābād, and Mohyābād; formerly, Muhyiddinabad (Persian: محي آباد), also Romanized as Muhyiddin Abad) is a city in Mahan District, Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,493, in 892 families.

wn.com/Mohiabad
Najaf Shahr
Najaf Shahr (Persian: نجف شهر‎; formerly, Najafābād and Nejafābād) is a city in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,768, in 1,606 families.

wn.com/Najaf_Shahr
Narmashir
Narmashir (Persian: نرماشير‎; formerly, Rostamabad (Persian: رستم آباد) also Romanized as Rostamābād) is a city in and capital of Narmashir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,966, in 1,007 families.

wn.com/Narmashir
Narmashir County
Narmashir County (Persian: شهرستان نرماشیر) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Narmashir. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 65,448, in 15,567 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Rud Ab District. The county has two cities: Narmashir and Nezamshahr.

wn.com/Narmashir_County
Negar
Negar (Persian: نگار‎, also Romanized as Negār and Nīgār; also known as Qanāt Bāgh) is a city in the Central District of Bardsir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,291, in 1,583 families.

wn.com/Negar
Nezamshahr
Nezamshahr (Persian: نظام شهر‎, also Romanized as Nez̧āmshahr, Naz̧mshahr, Nizāmshahr; formerly, Nezamabad (Persian: نظام آباد) also Romanized as Nez̧āmābād, Naz̧mābād, Nizāmābād) is a city in and capital of Rud Ab District, in Narmashir County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,757, in 465 families.

wn.com/Nezamshahr
Nowdezh
Nowdezh (Persian: نودژ‎, also Romanized as Now Dezh and Now Dez) is a city in and the capital of Aseminun District, in Manujan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,510, in 1,210 families.

wn.com/Nowdezh
Oman
Oman (ⁱ/oʊˈmɑːn/ oh-MAAN; Arabic: عمان‎ ʻUmān), officially called the Sultanate of Oman (Arabic: سلطنة عُمان‎ Salṭanat ʻUmān), is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam enclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.
For a period, Oman was a moderate regional power, formerly having a sultanate extending across the Strait of Hormuz to Iran, and modern day Pakistan, and far south to Zanzibar on the coat of south-east Africa. Over time, as its power declined, the sultanate came under heavy influence from the United Kingdom, though Oman was never formally part of the British Empire, or a British protectorate. The Omani royal family claim that Oman has been ruled by the Al Said dynasty since 1744, although without substantial proof. Oman has long-standing military and political ties with the United Kingdom and the United States, although it maintains an independent foreign policy.

wn.com/Oman
Pariz
Pariz (Persian: پاريز‎, also Romanized as Pārīz and Bariz; also known as Rīz) is a city in and the capital of Pariz District, in Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,527, in 1,231 families.

wn.com/Pariz
Qaleh Ganj
Qaleh Ganj (Persian: قلعه گنج‎, also Romanized as Qal‘eh Ganj, Ghal‘eh Ganj, Qal‘eh-ye Ganj, Kalāteh-ye Ganj and Kalāt-i-Ganj; also known as Moḩammadābād) is a city in and the capital of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,560, in 2,443 families.

wn.com/Qaleh_Ganj
Qaleh Ganj County
Qaleh Ganj County (Persian: شهرستان قلعه گنج‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Qaleh Ganj. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2005. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 69,008, in 14,649 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Chah Dadkhoda District. The county has one city: Qaleh Ganj.

wn.com/Qaleh_Ganj_County
Rabor
Rabor (Persian: رابر‎, also Romanized as Rābor, Raber, Rābur, and Rāhbur) is a city in and the capital of Rabor County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 12,386, in 2,734 families.

wn.com/Rabor
Rabor County
Rabor County (Persian: شهرستان رابر‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rabor. It was separated from Baft County in 2009. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 33,718 in 7,664 families. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Hanza District. The county has one city: Rabor.

wn.com/Rabor_County
Rafsanjan
Rafsanjan (Persian: رفسنجان‎, also Romanized as Rafsanjān and Rafsinjān; also known as Bahrāmābād) is a city in and the capital of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 136,388, in 33,489 families.
It is Iran's center of pistachio cultivation. It had an estimated population of 134,848 in 2005.[1]
Rafsanjan is also a major center of carpet production even though the rugs are sold as Kermani rugs rather than Rafsanjani ones. Another large employer is the nearby Sarcheshmeh copper mines.
According to the UN-HABITAT Program, Agenda 21 that is the global agenda for sustainable development, is formulated for cities as well as countries. "The Local Agenda for Sustainable Development" is seeking a strategy aimed at managing the living space and urban development. It prepares the ground for the development of "indigenous habitat knowledge" and maintains that the potentials of any given environment are different from those of others and the knowledge that is acquired in an environment is not capable of addressing the issues of other environments. Any habitat calls for real, healthy, manageable and last but not least its particular development system. In such a system, most of the potentials of the region should turn into opportunities for its development. This program is one of the most precise methods, is harmonious with the development context, finds the required resources and evaluates and uses them for the development purposes. Local Agenda 21 for Rafsanjan is aimed at the development of the city of Rafsanjan. The devel¬opment priorities, infrastructure and necessary projects ects are determined by the citizens and city managers.

wn.com/Rafsanjan
Rafsanjan County
Rafsanjan County (Persian: شهرستان رفسنجان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rafsanjan. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including portions later split off to form Anar County) was 291,417, in 71,830 families; excluding those portions, the population was 259,863 in 64,027 families. The county is subdivided into four districts (bakhsh): the Central District, Nuq District, Koshkuiyeh District, and Ferdows District. The county has five cities: Rafsanjan, Mes-e Sarcheshmeh, Bahreman, Koshkuiyeh, and Safayyeh.

wn.com/Rafsanjan_County
Ravar
Ravar (Persian: راور‎, also Romanized as Rāvar) is a city in and the capital of Ravar County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22,910, in 5,921 families. Ravar produces a distinctive type of Kerman carpet.

wn.com/Ravar
Ravar County
Ravar County (Persian: شهرستان راور‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of Ravar County is Ravar. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 38,539, in 10,236 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Kuhsaran District. The county has two cities: Ravar and Hojedk.
Ravar is the very northern city of Kerman province. It is on the border of Kerman province and the large desert area of the Southern Khorasan province, called Loot desert (Kavir-e-Loot).
Carpet weaving is one of the main industries of the city, and the carpets produced there are renowned internationally. This art is a very old tradition in Ravar.

wn.com/Ravar_County
Rayen
Rayen (Persian: راين‎, also Romanized as Rāyen and Rāyīn) is a city in and capital of Rayen District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,623, in 2,405 families.

wn.com/Rayen
Reyhan Shahr
Reyhan Shahr (Persian: ريحان شهر‎, also Romanized as Reyhanshahr; formerly, Bab Tangol (Persian: باب تنگل), also Romanized as Bāb Tangol, Bab Tankal, Bab-Tanqal, and Bāb Tangal; also known as Dungal and Eslamabad) is a city in the Central District of Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,360, in 949 families.

wn.com/Reyhan_Shahr
Rigan County
Rigan County (Persian: شهرستان ریگان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Mohammadabad. It was separated from Bam County in 2009. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 53,059 in 11,380 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Gonbaki District. The county has two cities: Mohammadabad and Mohammadabad-e Gonbaki.

wn.com/Rigan_County
Rudbar Jonubi County
Rudbar Jonubi County (Persian: شهرستان رودبار جنوب‎, meaning "South Rudbar County") is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Rudbar. It was separated from Kahnuj County in 2005. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 86,747, in 17,364 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Jazmurian District. The county has one city: Rudbar.

wn.com/Rudbar_Jonubi_County
Safavid Dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (Persian: سلسلهٔ صفويان‎; Azerbaijani: صفویلر) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires since the Muslim conquest of Persia and established the Twelver school of Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in Muslim history. The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and at their height, they controlled all of modern Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan and Republic of Armenia, most of Iraq, Georgia, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus, as well as parts of Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Safavid Iran was one of the Islamic "gunpowder empires", along with its neighbours, the Ottoman and Mughal empires.
The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safaviyya Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan region. It was of mixed ancestry (Azerbaijani,Kurdish and Turkmen, which included intermarriages with Georgian and Pontic Greek dignitaries). From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over all of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sassanid Empire to establish a unified Iranian state.

wn.com/Safavid_Dynasty
Safayyeh
Safayyeh (Persian: صفائیه‎; formerly Ferdowsīyeh) is a city in and the capital of Ferdows District, in Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,961, in 499 families. The name was changed from Ferdowsiyeh to Safayyeh when city status was bestowed upon the one-time village.

wn.com/Safayyeh
Shahdad
Shahdad (Persian: شهداد‎, also Romanized as Shahdād; formerly, Khabīs) is a city in and the capital of Shahdad District, in Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,097, in 1,010 families.
Shahdad is the centre of Shahdad district which includes smaller cities and villages such as Sirch, Anduhjerd, Chehar Farsakh, Go-diz, Keshit, Ibrahim Abad, Joshan and Dehseif.
The driving distance from Kerman city to Shahdad is 95 km. Shahdad is located at the edge of the Lut desert. The local climate is hot and dry. The main agricultural produce is date fruits.
There are many castles and caravanserais at Shahdad and around. Examples are the Shafee Abaad castle and the Godeez castle. North of town the Aratta civilization village and dwarf humans are said to have existed since 6,000 BC. Sharain of emam Zadeh Zeyd, south of town, is the most respected religious site of Shahdad.
The oldest metal flag in human history was found in this city.
http://parsyad.ir/gallery.aspx?id=56

wn.com/Shahdad
Shazdeh Garden
Coordinates: 30°1′25.98″N 57°16′55.53″E / 30.0238833°N 57.2820917°E / 30.0238833; 57.2820917
Shazdeh Garden (Persian: باغ شازده‎) meaning Prince’s Garden is a historical Persian garden located near (6km away from) Mahan in Kerman province, Iran.
The garden is 5.5 hectares with a rectangular shape and a wall around it. It consists of an entrance structure and gate at the lower end and a two-floor residential structure at the upper end. The distance between these two is ornamented with water fountains that are engined by the natural incline of the land. The garden is a fine example of Persian gardens that take advantage of suitable natural climate.
The garden was built originally for Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar Sardari Iravani ca.1850 and was extended ca.1870 by Abdolhamid Mirza Naserodollehand during the eleven years of his governorship in the Qajar dynasty. The construction was left unfinished, due to the death of Abdolhamid Mirza in the early 1890s.
Iran Tour Online

wn.com/Shazdeh_Garden
Shiraz
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Shiraz ( listen (help·info) Persian: شیراز‎ Shīrāz Persian pronunciation: [ʃiːˈrɒːz]) is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk (Dry river) seasonal river. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than one thousand years.
The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Shiraz was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781, as well as briefly during the Saffarid period.
Shiraz is known as the city of poets, literature, wine and flowers. The word "shir" in Persian means "lion", but it could also mean "milk". It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. In Shiraz industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries: 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz. Shiraz is home to Iran's first solar power plant. Recently the city's first wind turbine has been installed above Babakoohi mountain near the city.

wn.com/Shiraz
Sirjan
Sirjan (Persian: سيرجان‎, also Romanized as Sīrjān; formerly, Sa‘īdābād) is a city in and the capital of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 167,014, in 40,605 families.
At 1730 m, it is situated in a depression between the southern Zagros mountains to the west and the Kuh-e Bidkhan massif to the east. It is well known for its pistachios and "geleem" rugs and also for its Badgiir Choppoghi (calument louver).
This city was established in Sasanian era and has several mineral sources including coal, iron, copper, stone and gold.

wn.com/Sirjan
Sirjan County
Sirjan County (Persian: شهرستان سیرجان‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Sirjan. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 239,455 in 58,253 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Pariz District. The county has four cities: Sirjan, Zeydabad, Najaf Shahr, and Pariz.

wn.com/Sirjan_County
Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران‎ Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)^{[citation needed]}.

wn.com/Tehran
Yazd
Yazd (pronounced /jæzd/) (Persian: یزد‎, also Romanized as Yezd) is the capital of Yazd Province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located 270 km southeast of Isfahan. At the 2006 census, the population was 423,006, in 114,716 families.
Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd is an architecturally unique city. It is also known in Iran for the high quality of its handicrafts, especially silk weaving, and its sweet shops.
Yazd with the area of 131,551 km²^{[citation needed]} is situated at an oasis where the Dasht-e Kavir desert and the Dasht-e Lut desert meet, the city is sometimes called "the bride of the Kavir" because of its location, in a valley between Shir Kuh, the tallest mountain in the region at 4075 m. above sea level, and Kharaneq. The city itself is located at 1203 m. above sea-level, and covers 16,000 km².
According to the administrative division rules, the Yazd province is divided into 10 districts, each includes at least one town and a number of villages. These districts are: Abarkuh, Ardakan, Bafq, Khatam, Maybod, Mehriz, Tabas, Sadough, Taft and Yazd.

wn.com/Yazd
Yazdan Shahr
Yazdan Shahr (Persian: يزدان شهر‎, also Romanized as Yazdanshahr; formerly, Yazdanabad (Persian: یزدان آباد), also Romanized as Yazdānābād and Yezdānābād) is a city in and capital of Yazdanabad District, in Zarand County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,037, in 1,149 families.

wn.com/Yazdan_Shahr
Zangiabad
Zangiabad (Persian: زنگي آباد‎, also Romanized as Zangīābād) is a city in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,666, in 1,598 families.

wn.com/Zangiabad
Zarand County
Zarand County (Persian: شهرستان زرند‎) is a county in Kerman Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Zarand. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 119,144, in 28,746 families. The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Yazdanabad District. The county has four cities: Zarand, Khanuk, Reyhan Shahr, and Yazdan Shahr.

wn.com/Zarand_County
Zeydabad
Zeydabad (Persian: زيدآباد‎, also Romanized as Zeydābād , Zaidābād, and Zeid Abad) is a city in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,314, in 1,283 families.

wn.com/Zeydabad

Abbas Namazian

Abbas Namazian (born 1940) was born in Kerman, Iran. His father (Haj Mohammad Namazian) was one of the most famous rug merchants in Kerman. He lived in Kerman until the age of 18 and, after getting his diploma, he went to Tehran to pursue his education in the field of Physical Sciences at University of Tehran. During his life in Kerman he practiced free style wrestling under the coaching of Mr. Ali Iran Manesh, the famous physical training coach in Kerman high schools, he was able to achieve local and national ranking. After graduating, he selected wrestling as his profession. He was an outstanding referee and honorably was the first Iranian wrestling referee who was selected as the best in the 2000 Summer Olympics and was awarded the Golden Whistle. As of 2010, he is a member of Iran wrestling federation refereeing committee.

wn.com/Abbas_Namazian
Arash Borhani
Arash Borhani (Persian: آرش برهانی‎, born September 14, 1983 in Kerman, Iran) is an Iranian football player who currently plays for Esteghlal in Iran's Premier Football League and is a member of Iran national football team.
He is top goal scorer of 2008–09 Iran's Premier Football League and also the second all-time top goal scorers of Iran's Premier Football League. Borhani is a Bronze Medalist of 2006 Asian Games with Iran national under-23 football team.
Having just moved to Pas in the Iran's Premier Football league, he helped the club to finish second in the IPL 2002/03 season. He Scored 4 Goals in the season, which 3 of them was on a Hattrick in the last match of the season. He continued with Pas for the next seasons and became a fixed starter. He was one of club's main players in AFC Champions League 2005.
Shortly before the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Borhani signed for the UAE League, Al Nasr S.C. On January 21, 2007 Borhani signed back with his former team PAS Tehran F.C. after being sacked by Al Nasr S.C. due to unforeseen circumstances. Since signing back with PAS Tehran F.C., within a period of 5 months, he has scored only twice, which has put him through the most difficult time in his career.

wn.com/Arash_Borhani
Buyid dynasty
The Buyid dynasty, also known as the Buyid Empire or the Buyids (Persian: آل بویه‎ Āl-e Buye), also known as Buwaihids, Buyahids, or Buyyids, were a Shī‘ah Iranian dynasty that originated from Daylaman in Gilan. They founded a confederation that controlled most of modern-day Iran and Iraq in the 10th and 11th centuries.
The founders of the Būyid confederation were ‘Alī ibn Būyah and his two younger brothers, al-Hassan and Aḥmad. Originally a soldier in the service of the Ziyārīds of Ṭabaristān, ‘Alī was able to recruit an army to defeat a Turkish general from Baghdad named Yaqut in 934. Over the next nine years the three brothers gained control of the remainder of the 'Abbāsid Caliphate. While they accepted the titular authority of the caliph in Baghdad, the Būyid rulers assumed effective control of the state.
The first several decades of the Būyid confederation were characterized by large territorial gains. In addition to Fars and Jibal, which were conquered in the 930s, and central Iraq, which submitted in 945, the Būyids took Kermān (967), Oman (967), the Jazīra (979), Ṭabaristān (980), and Gorgan (981). After this, however, the Būyids went into a slow decline, with pieces of the confederation gradually breaking off and local dynasties under their rule becoming de facto independent.

wn.com/Buyid_dynasty
Hossein Marashi
Seyyed Hossein Marashi (سید حسین مرعشی; born 17 November 1958 in Rafsanjan) is an Iranian politician who was the Iranian Vice President for Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Prior to that, Marashi represented Kerman in the Iranian parliament. He strongly backed opposition candidate Mousavi in the 2009 Iranian election. Mr Marashi is also reportedly a close ally of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, another former president. He is Deputy Leader of Executives of Construction Party since 4 May 2011.
He was the head of kerman province for near 9 years . the greatest work that he has done at that time, founding ‘ movlalmovahedin charity’ was. Big companies like Mahan Air or Kerman Khodro belong to This charity.
As the head of Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran, Marashi increased the budget of the organization. But at the same time, some of Marashi's opposers believe that the disappearance of some invaluable historical pieces and destruction of some historical building happened during his responsibility, and they claim that despite public pressure, he never took any action to stop the trend. Marashi supported the construction of Sivand Dam in the territory of Pasargad.

wn.com/Hossein_Marashi
Keikhosrow Shahrokh
Keikhosrow Shahrokh (1864 in Kerman, Iran – 1929) was the mastermind and designer of the mausoleum for Persian poet Ferdowsi at his burial site in the city of Tus. As elected representative of the Zoroastrian community, he was an active member of the Iranian parliament. He is best known for his role in the 1925 transition of the official calendar from the Islamic calendar of Hejri Ghamarei to the Iranian civil calendar, also known as Hejri shamsi.
Shahrokh was distantly related to Dinshah Irani, the Indian lawyer and benefactor of the Zoroastrian communities of both India and Iran. Shahrokh and Irani shared a late 18th century ancestor, most of whose children migrated to India, and from which Dinshah Irani's family descended. Shahrokh was a scion of another branch, descending from the elder son - who had remained in Iran - of that ancestor.

wn.com/Keikhosrow_Shahrokh
Lotf Ali Khan
Lutf or Lotf Ali Khan (Persian: لطفعلى خان زند‎) (c. 1769-1794) was the last Shah of Persia (Iran) (reigned 1789–94) of the Zand dynasty.
Lotf Ali Khan Zand came to power after a decade of infighting among a succession of violent and inept Zand chiefs following the death in 1779 of the dynasty's founder, Karim Khan Zand. Their failure to agree on a successor and to govern with the same benevolence as Karim Khan eroded public faith in the Zands. An increasing number of local and regional leaders began aligning themselves with the eunuch Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, who sought to defeat and succeed the Zands.
Accounts of Lotf Ali Khan's personality and behavior depict a person of courage and perseverance who inspired great loyalty among his followers. Had he been able to defeat Agha Mohammad Khan, he might have restored his family's dynasty and its good name. But a fatal mistake in a pivotal battle effectively ended Lotf Ali Khan's ambitions. With his defeat, the 44 year reign of the Zands came to an end and the first chapter in the 131 year Qajar Dynasty was written.

wn.com/Lotf_Ali_Khan
Mahnaz Afkhami
Mahnaz Afkhami (مهناز افخمی) , is Founder and President of Women's Learning Partnership (WLP). She is also the Executive Director of Foundation for Iranian Studies and former Minister of Women's Affairs of Iran. She founded the Association of Iranian University Women and served as Secretary General of the Women's Organization of Iran prior to the Islamic revolution.
Living in exile in the United States, Afkhami has been an advocate of women's rights for more than three decades, having founded and headed several international non-governmental organizations focused on advancing the status of women. Afkhami has lectured and published extensively on the international women’s movement, women's human rights, women in leadership, women and technology, and women's participation in civil society building and democratization. Her books have been translated in multiple languages and distributed internationally.
Afkhami was born in 1941 in Kerman. She was the eldest of three children.
She grew up in the large mansion of her grandparents with 20 to 30 members of her extended family. On her father's side, Afkhami belongs to the Qajar royal family and the Sheikhi branch of Shi'ite Islam. When Afkhami was eleven, her mother, Ferdows Naficy, separated from her father.

wn.com/Mahnaz_Afkhami
Mirza Reza Kermani
Mirza Reza Kermani (in Persian: میرزارضا کرمانی), born in Kerman, Iran and died on August 10, 1896 in Tehran, was an adherent of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and an Iranian revolutionary.
He and other followers of al-Afghani were demanding that the Qajar dynasty rule Iran justly. After al-Afghani was expelled from Iran by the Qajars, Kermani began to openly and publicly criticize Qajar officials. Eventually Kermani was imprisoned, his wife divorced him, and his son was made into a servant.
On April 30, 1896, Kermani assassinated Nasser-al-Din Shah in the Shah Abdol Azim shrine. After months of interrogation, Kermani was executed on August 10, 1896 in order to be used as an example. Kermani's assassination of Nasser-al-Din Shah and the subsequent execution marked a turning point in Iranian political thought that would ultimately lead to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution during Mozzafar-al-Din Shah's turbulent reign; the Constitutional Revolution was the first major democratic movement in the modern Middle East.

wn.com/Mirza_Reza_Kermani
Peyman Soltani
Peyman Soltani (Born 1970 Kerman) is a notable Persian musician and conductor of the Melal Orchestra.

wn.com/Peyman_Soltani
President of Iran
The President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in, and the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Iran; although subordinate to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state. According to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran the president is responsible for the "functions of the executive", such as signing treaties, agreements etc. with other countries and international organizations; the national planning and budget and state employment affairs; appointing ministers, governors, and ambassadors subject to the approval of the parliament.
Unlike some other countries, for example the United States, in Iran the office of president does not bestow full control over foreign policy, the armed forces, or the nuclear policy of the Iranian state, which are ultimately under the control of the Supreme Leader.
The President of Iran is elected for a four-year term by the direct vote of the people and may not serve for more than two consecutive terms.

wn.com/President_of_Iran

Kerman Iran Video

city of Kerman, Iran...

published: 06 Sep 2006

author: ewingjb

Traditional Iran Music in Kerman Iran

Iranian Live Music Trio in Tea Room (Ganj Ali Khan) in Vakir Bazaar in Kerman, Iran...

published: 31 Aug 2008

author: U2Bstar

Iran - Village of Meymand, Kerman Province.flv

A village in Iran made from a network for natural and man-made caves with some 3000 years ...

published: 21 Jan 2010

author: chyzmyz

Adeptus - Bury u in Kerman

track by adeptus more central valley style hits: deadadeptus.com...

published: 30 Dec 2009

author: partyeffectsdotbiz

Osman Hawrami (Kerman 2012 HQ)

Jalal Moradi...

published: 22 Feb 2012

author: jalal moradi

Kerbal Space Program: Jebediah Kerman Begins

3D animation of one fan's take on Jebediah Kerman's origin story. Modeled, rigged, and ren...

published: 23 Jun 2012

author: Tony Bruno

Gerardo Ortiz - Visita Kerman High School 2011

VIsiten www.facebook.com www.gerardoortiz.net...

published: 05 May 2011

author: ElJoseLara

Kerman gimnasioan

...

published: 10 Mar 2010

author: Talo6

Jebediah Kerman Loses His Cool

its always in the last place you looked...

published: 13 Jul 2011

author: slimealot

Al Hilal (KSA) Vs. Mes Kerman (Iran) - Goals [ Asian Champions League 2010,Group D ]

Goals of the Asian Champions League Match: Al Hilal (KSA) Vs. Mes Kerman (Iran) Group D / ...

published: 10 Mar 2010

author: pfdctv2

Coffee Break with Mr. Man! - Mr. Man's Space Initiative - Rescuing Bill Kerman from the Mun... (Kerbal Space Program 0.17)

Bill Kerman is stranded on the Mun! Will the North Korean space agency be able to get him ...

published: 03 Oct 2012

author: M1sT3rM4n

Kerman Youth Junior Squad. (taking it back old school)

Kerman Youth Junior Cheerleaders performing at halftime (: TAKE IT BACK OLD SCHOOL♥ 2010...

published: 30 Oct 2010

author: emoissa91ln

Sepahan - Mes Kerman | Goals

www.facebook.com Iran Pro League 2011/2012 - Week 25 Mohsen , Bengar (2') Seyed Salehi (21...

published: 08 Feb 2012

author: pfdctv2

How To Make Jeb Kerman Lose it In Kerbal Space Program

He's not as stoic/fearless/foolish as people think, Jeb Kerman does freak out when things ...

published: 17 Oct 2011

author: Scott Manley

kerman

kerman...

published: 22 May 2012

author: majid beheshti

Kerman

Animación realizada durante el curso 2008/2009 en la asignatura de Producción y Postproduc...

published: 28 Jul 2012

author: Lucia Joglar

Kerman.

Trabajo de StopMotion realizado a partir de más de 3000 fotografías y 3 meses de rodaje. ...

published: 17 Jun 2010

author: Adrià Navarro Jiménez

Untitled

published: 24 Feb 2011

author: Amanda Åkerman

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20130106090939/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/kerman&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

photo: AP / Juan Karita

File - Argentina's President Cristina Fernandez, front, gestures during a ceremony honoring Bolivia's Independence heroines in Cochabamba, Bolivia, Wednesday, July 18, 2012.

Argentina reasserts claim over Falklands

Al Jazeera

04 Jan 2013

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has released a public letter urging the United Kingdom to relinquish its control over the disputed Falkland Islands. ... The veterans delivered a letter addressed to the British Ambassador in Argentina, John Freeman, criticising the British government for refusing to discuss the sovereignty of the islands with the Argentine government ... 508 Source .. Al Jazeera and agencies. Share....(size: 19.6Kb)

photo: WN / Imran Nissar

Youth Brigade of Kashmir carry out a protest demonstration in Srinagar, India, on Monday 24, December 2012. As solidarity with Delhi gang-rape case. The protesters were demanding action against people involved in rape incidents across the country.

Indian gang rape: suspects to appear in court

The Daily Telegraph

03 Jan 2013

A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)

photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Mark Martin, right, civil affairs team lead for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, shakes hands and laughs with Mawlawi Guhlam M. Ruhaani, director of Hajj and Endowment, at the conclusion of a key leader engagement in Farah City, Dec. 29, 2012.

US working hard to have support for Afghan reconciliation

Zeenews

03 Jan 2013

Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)

photo: AP / SANA

In this photo released by the Syrian official news agency SANA on Thursday, Jan. 3, 2013, Syrian firefighters check a gas station that was attacked by a car bomb killing several people, activists said, in Damascus, Syria.

Syria fights off rebel advance on Damascus

Al Jazeera

05 Jan 2013

Syrian government forces have bombarded several rebel strongholds in the suburbs of Damascus to quell the fighters battling the regime of President Bashar al-Assad from reaching the capital. Activists on Saturday said troops leveled their bombardment campaign on the districts of Hajar al-Aswad and Qaboun in southern Damascus while they continued to shell the suburbs of Daraya, Beit Hahm, Zibdeen, Maadamiya and Jisteen ... 445 Source . ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)

photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick

Chatraparishad Supporters participate in a Candel Light to protest against Delhi gang rape case and for reviewing “ Women Protection Law “ in kolkata on Friday 28 December 2012

Friend of Delhi gang-rape victim calls for protests to continue

Newstrack India

05 Jan 2013

Tweet. New Delhi, Jan 5 (ANI). The male friend of the 23-year-old medical student, who was gang-raped and left unclothed and bleeding in the street and later died in hospital two weeks after she was attacked on December 16 on a private bus in New Delhi, has said that things would have gone differently if someone had stopped to help ... "It would have been a very different scenario today, had even one person come to our help that day ... (ANI)....(size: 3.8Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

Bazaar's top honeymoon destinations worldwide

Harpers Bazaar

01 Jan 2013

23 May 2011. by Emily Farley / / comment(s) 0 add comments. Previous /1 Next Close. Share this image. Share this gallery Tweet. You might also like... A royal romance Prince William and Kate Middleton pose for Mario Testino Read all the latest Kate Middleton stories here... Comment(s) (0). More galleries ... Expert party tips ... Image ... setting for the movie, Couples Retreat with Vince Vaughn, Malin Åkerman and Kirstin Davis ... ....(size: 22.6Kb)

Man's apparent suicide, Facebook posts haunt loved ones in Modesto, Calif.

The Charlotte Observer

27 Dec 2012

HUGHSON -- A note posted Christmas night on Facebook, a space normally reserved for joyous greetings and everyday chitchat, serves as the final goodbye of a young Waterford man who committed suicide shortly after. About 9 p.m ... At 9.48 p.m., he drove his car onto an Amtrak railroad crossing at Santa Fe Avenue and East Service Road in Hughson ... On Dec ... Colvin attended Hughson High School and graduated from Kerman High near Fresno in 2009 ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)

Man's apparent suicide, Facebook posts haunt loved ones in Modesto, Calif. - Wire National News ...

Sacramento Bee

27 Dec 2012

Fresno County audit finds questionable Williamson Act properties

Fresno Bee

23 Dec 2012

What do a gun club near Kerman, an abandoned asbestos mine north of Coalinga and a landscape company outside Clovis have in common? ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

East Yorkshire police officer missing after failing to show for duty

York Press

22 Dec 2012

A POLICE officer from East Yorkshire has gone missing - sparking a search by his colleagues ... The force said his non-apperance was "totally out of character" and Mr Coy's family and friends have not heard from him since. Senior officer Rich Kerman, who has known Mr Coy for more than 20 years, said ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Central Valley Community Bancorp to Acquire Visalia Community Bank

Stockhouse

20 Dec 2012

http.//media.marketwire.com/attachments/201212/55434_cvcb.jpghttp.//at.marketwire.com/accesstracking/AccessTrackingLogServlet?PrId=968389&ProfileId=051205&sourceType=1 ... F. T ... Central Valley Community Bank currently operates 17 full service offices in Clovis, Fresno, Kerman, Lodi, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Oakhurst, Prather, Sacramento, Stockton, and Tracy, California ... Daniel N. Cunningham (Chairman), Sidney B. Cox, Edwin S ... ....(size: 9.4Kb)

Central Valley Community Bancorp to Acquire Visalia Community Bank (Central Valley Community Bancorp)

noodls

20 Dec 2012

(Source. Central Valley Community Bancorp). FRESNO, CA and VISALIA, CA -- (Marketwire) -- 12/20/12 -- Central Valley Community Bancorp (NASDAQ. CVCY), a bank holding company headquartered in Fresno, California, and Visalia Community Bank (OTCBB ... Central Valley Community Bank currently operates 17 full service offices in Clovis, Fresno, Kerman, Lodi, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Oakhurst, Prather, Sacramento, Stockton, and Tracy, California....(size: 10.4Kb)

Prep highlights 12/16

Fresno Bee

16 Dec 2012

-- All-tournament selections Paul Smith, Ryan Beacher and Brennen Martinez led Memorial to a 51-40 win over Kerman, closing a 4-0 championship week in the Active 20/30 Madera South Classic ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)

Prep highlights 12/15

Fresno Bee

15 Dec 2012

BOYS BASKETBALL. -- Kerman outlasted Madera 65-63 in OT at the Active 20/30 Madera South Classic behind Ramon Chavez's 15 points ... ....(size: 0.7Kb)

Prep highlights 12/14

Fresno Bee

14 Dec 2012

BOYS BASKETBALL ... -- Aaron Deatherage and Lorenzo Cuevas totaled 39 points as Chowchilla beat Kerman 79-69 in the Madera South Classic. GIRLS BASKETBALL. ....(size: 1.0Kb)

2013 Whitecaps FC Showcase (Vancouver Whitecaps FC)

noodls

11 Dec 2012

(Source. Vancouver Whitecaps FC) ... "We do it as Canada's top production showcase ... So we match all of those teams together in that tier." ... Other players to watch out for at the showcase will be U-15 Surrey United captain Kerman Pannu and leading scorer Will Grayson, both of whom are provincial team players, and U-14 Fusion FC player Patrick Metcalfe, who played in the U-15 final after being upgraded by U-15 Fusion head coach Brent Branker....(size: 4.9Kb)

Indonesia Earthquake 2012: 7.1-Magnitude Quake Reported Off Indonesia Coast

Huffington Post

10 Dec 2012

JAKARTA, Indonesia -- A 7.1-magnitude earthquake has been reported off the coast of Indonesia. The U.S. Geological Survey says the quake struck offshore, with the epicenter 147 miles (236 kilometers) northwest of the city of Saumlaki ... The quake hit shortly before 1700 GMT ... Also on HuffPost ... A 6.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Iranian city of Ban in the southeastern Kerman province, killing more than 26,271 people and injuring 30,000 ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)

Smiley face 'tattoo' to help docs detect metabolic problems in patients

Newstrack India

09 Dec 2012

Tweet. Washington, December 9 (ANI). A medical sensor that attaches to the skin like a temporary tattoo has been developed ... In the case of the sensor, the "eyes" function as the working and reference electrodes, and the "ears" are contacts for a measurement device to connect to ... Hung's PhD supervisor at UTSC and a co-author of the paper is Kagan Kerman, assistant professor of bio-analytical chemistry ... (ANI). Post comments.. ) .. ). ... HOME . . ....(size: 3.8Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

For the administrative subdivisions, see Kerman Province and Kerman County. For the U.S. city, see Kerman, California.

Kermān

— city —

Kerman, Iran

Seal

Nickname(s): ديار كريمان' (Persian for "Land of Karimans"), The City Of Stars , Heart Of The World

Kermān

Coordinates: 30°17′N 57°05′E / 30.283°N 57.083°ECoordinates: 30°17′N 57°05′E / 30.283°N 57.083°E

Iran

Government

• Mayor

Abolghasem Seyfollahi

Area

• Total

161 km² (62.16 sq mi)

Elevation

1,755 m (5,758 ft)

Population (2011)

• Total

752,245

• Density

6,523.4/km² (16,896/sq mi)

• Summer (DST)

0341

Website

www.kermancity.kr.ir/www.kerman.kr.ir/

Kerman (Persian: كرمان‎, also Romanized as Kermān and Kirman; also known as Carmania)^[1] is a city in and capital of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 515,114, in 127,806 families, being 13th most populous city in Iran at that time.^[2] It's the largest and most developed city in the Kerman Province and also the major city in South-East of Iran. It is one of the largest cities of Iran in terms of area. Kerman is famous for its long history and strong cultural heritage. The city is home to many historic mosques and Zoroastrian fire temples. Kerman is in the list of recent world record of 1000 clean cities. Kerman was formerly the capital of Iran during several periods of time. Located in a large and flat plain, this city is located 1,036 km (643 mi) south of Tehran, the capital of Iran.

History [link]

Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Behdesīr, by Ardeshir I, founder of the Sassanid Empire, in the 3rd century AD. After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. At first the city's isolation allowed Kharijites and Zoroastrians to thrive there, but the Kharijites were wiped out in 698, and the population was mostly Muslim by 725. Already in the eighth century the city was famous for its manufacture of cashmere wool shawls and other textiles. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid dynasty, which maintained control even when the region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazna in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adopted at some point in the tenth century.^[3]

The Masjid gate through which Agha Mohammad Khan entered the city.

Kerman was under the Seljuk Turks in the 11th and 12th centuries, but remained virtually independent, conquering Oman and Fars.^[4] When Marco Polo visited the city in 1271 it had become a major trade emporium linking the Persian Gulf with Khorasan and Central Asia.^[5] Subsequently, however, the city was sacked many times by various invaders. Kerman expanded rapidly during the Safavid Dynasty. Carpets and rugs were exported to England and Germany during this period.^[6]

In 1793 Lotf Ali Khan defeated the Qajars and in 1794 captured Kerman. But soon, he was besieged in Kerman for six months by Agha Mohammad Khan. When the city fell to Agha Mohammad Khan, angered by the popular support that Lotf Ali Khan had received, all the male inhabitants were killed or blinded, and a pile was made out of 20,000 detached eyeballs and poured in front of the victorious Agha Muhammad Khan.^[7] The women and children were sold into slavery, and the city was destroyed over ninety days.

The present city of Kerman was rebuilt in the 19th century to the northwest of the old city, but the city did not recover to its former size until the 20th century.

Sassanid era horse head Found in Kerman

Because of its importance Kerman had been raised as the capital of Iran in some periods of time . After changes to the Province of Khorasan, Kerman is now the biggest Province of Iran and Kerman City is the capital city of this province.

Geography [link]

Kerman is located on a high margin of Kavir-e Lut (Lut Desert) in the central south of Iran. The city is surrounded by mountains. Kerman is also located along the Saheb Al Zman mountain . Winter has very cold nights in Kerman. Mountains in the South and South East Jftan Joopar and Plvar and Kerman have snow all year round. Kerman is located at latitude 30.29 and longitude 57.06 .

Climate [link]

The city's many districts are surrounded by mountains which bring variety to Kerman's year round weather pattern, thus the northern part of the city is located in an arid desert area, while the highland of the southern part of the city enjoys a more moderate climate. The mean elevation of the city is about 1755 m above sea level.

Kerman city has a moderate climate and the average annual rainfall is 135 mm. Because it is located close to the Kavir-e lut, Kerman has hot summers and in the spring it often has violent sand storms. Otherwise, its climate is relatively cool.^[6]

Kerman

Climate chart (explanation)

J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
29 12 −4	27 14 −1	32 19 3	20 24 8	8.6 30 12	0.5 35 16	0.7 36 17	0.6 34 14	0.3 31 10	0.7 26 5	5.1 19 −1	18 14 −4
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Weather Organization

Imperial conversion
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
1.1 53 25	1.1 58 30	1.3 65 38	0.8 75 46	0.3 86 54	0 95 60	0 96 63	0 93 58	0 88 50	0 78 41	0.2 67 31	0.7 57 26
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

Geological characteristics [link]

For the Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. Finding new dinosaur footprints in 2005 has now revealed new hopes for paleontologists to better understand the history of this area.^[8]^[9]

Economy [link]

The economy of Kerman is mostly based on farming, notably nut farming and also mining. Sarchashmeh Copper mine is the second biggest copper mine in the world after the one located in Chile. Pistachio is an important source of economy in Kerman, with Kerman Province being the biggest producer of pistachio in Iran and all over the world.

Kerman's carpet

Carpet weaving is one of the main industries of the city, and the carpets produced there are renowned internationally.^[5] Carpet weaving is a very old tradition in Kerman. The oldest carpet discovered in Kerman, dates from about 500 years ago, which proves the precedence of weaving in this city.^[10] Among the most famous Kerman carpet producers of the 19th & 20th centuries include Costigian, Ghastili and Dilmaghani,^[11] the latter still in operation & considered an important connection of 19th and 20th century production of carpets in Kerman.^[12] Cotton textiles and goats-wool shawls are also manufactured.^[13]

A number of modern establishments such as textile mills and brickworks also have been constructed. The province's mineral wealth includes copper and coal.^[5]

Culture [link]

Kerman is among several cites in Iran with a strong cultural heritage, which is expressed in the local accent, poetry, local music, handicrafts and customs that Kerman has introduced to the world of culture.

The only anthropology museum of Zoroastrians in the world, which showcases the ancient history of Zoroastrians, is in Kerman’s Fire Temple. The idea of launching the museum along with the library of Kerman’s Zoroastrian Society came to light in 1983, when the head of the society, Parviz Vakhashouri, and the former head of library collected cultural heritage artifacts of Kerman’s Zoroastrian community. These two officials added many other objects to this collection.

Kerman Museum of Zoroastrians

The museum was officially inaugurated during Jashn-e Tirgan in 2005 by Iran’s Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO). Jashn-e Tirgan or Tiregan is an ancient Iranian rain festival observed on July 1. The festivity refers to archangel Tir (literally meaning arrow) or Tishtar (lightning) who appear in the sky to generate thunder and lightning for providing the much needed rain.

Sadeh ceremony is celebrated every year in Kerman.

Also The archeological ancient area of Jiroft and Tappe Yahya Baft are located south of Kerman.Rayen Castle is also located on Rayen town,south east of Kerman.

Historical "Shazdeh Garden" ("Prince's Garden") in Mahan near Kerman

Kerman has an abundance of architectural relics of antiquity.

Demography [link]

Most of the population of Kerman are Persians and Shi'a Muslims. But Kerman also has a small but culturally significant Zoroastrian minority. Balochis living in Kerman as the second largest ethnicity and are predominantly Sunni.

The population of the city in 1996 was 385,000 and the current population is 752,245.^[14]

Government [link]

Politics in Kerman are influenced by the former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, his brother and Vice President Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hossein Marashi, both from the nearby Rafsanjan. Mohammad Javad Bahonar was born in Kerman, He was an Iranian scholar, Shiite theologian and politician who served as the Prime minister of Iran from 15 to 30 August 1981 when he was assassinated by Mujahideen-e Khalq (MEK).

Colleges and universities [link]

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman is one of Iran's leading technological institutions.

Sport [link]

The city is home to many athletic teams in different fields. Sanat Mes Kerman FC is the major Soccer team of the city.They were promoted to Iran's top league, the IPL, in the 2005-06 season. The team is named after and sponsored by Kerman's copper industries.Also many famous soccer palyers are born in Kerman. Mes handball team is present in the top league league .This team have a history participating in the AFC Cup. MES cycling team is present in the top league of cycling in the country . MES chess team is present in the first league of the country .

Kerman sport venues [link]

15 000 seat Shahid Bahonar Stadium

35 000 seat dedicated MES soccer team Stadium (under construction)

Salimi Kia Stadium

Sports Complex of Imam Ali

Sirch Ski resort

Kerman Horseback Riding Club

International Kart racing track: This track is one of the most standard Kart racing tracks in Iran.

Large and international track cycling Kerman (under construction)

Media [link]

Kerman is the media center of the Kerman Province There many newspapers that are published in the city,such as Kerman Emruz(Kerman Today),Bidari, and Hadis.Pasargad is also a weekly newspaper. Kerman has an 24hr active TV channel known as Kerman channel or The 5th channel. The city has also an active radio station.

Transportation [link]

Kerman is on the Tehran, Bandar Abbas and Zahedan route. Kerman Airport is counted as one of the main airports which has daily and weekly flights to Tehran, Ahwaz, Yazd, Esfahan, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad and Shiraz.^[6] Also the Trans-Iranian Railway passes through this city.^[6]

Mahan Air Airlines [link]

International company Mahan Air was established in Kerman and has its headquarters there . Kerman’s flights to the remotest parts of Iran and the world is doing by Mahan Air . This company was established in 1992 in Kerman, it has the highest reputation of quality among Iranians Airlines and is now in the list of the great airline companies in the region.

Boeing 747-400 of Iranian Mahan Air

Metro [link]

Kerman's Metro that have already been approved by the government cabinet is meant to cover large parts of the metropolitan area in Kerman. The project's operations will begin soon. line one will be from Kerman International Airport to Pardisan forest . The second line will be from Fajr bridge to Velayat bridge.

Health [link]

Kerman is one of the leading cities, and with Iran in the field of health and many people from neighboring provinces such as Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan visit the city for medical care. Kerman is in the list of recent world record of 1000 clean cities of world.

the city has several hospitals.The well known ones are Afzali pour hospital, Doctor Bahonar hospital, Raziye Firoz Hospital.

Cityscape [link]

Gha'em national Park.

Famous people from Kerman [link]

Surrounding municipalities [link]

Anar	Ravar	Shahdad
Rafsanjan		Bam
	Kerman East

Sirjan	Jiroft	Mahan

References [link]

^ Kerman can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3070237" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Islamic Republic of Iran. Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/08.xls.
^ A.H.T. Levi, "Kerman," in International Dictionary of Historic Places, ed. Trudy Ring, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1995-1996, vol. 4, p. 413.
^ "Kerman". The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. 2008. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kerman.html.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pourshariati, Parvaneh. "Kerman". Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Gale Group, Inc. http://www.answers.com/topic/kerman.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Iranian Cities: Kerman
^ Hasan Pir Nia, A. Eghbal Ashtiani, History of Persia (Tarikh-i Iran), ISBN 964-6895-16-6, Tehran, 2003, p.655
^ Dinosaur Footprints Moulded In Kerman
^ Iran Daily
^ Kerman Rug (Iran): History
^ Nemati "Rugs as an Investment" 1980, p. 94
^ Hali Magazine 1993, p.74
^ Travel in Kerman - Iran - History - WorldTravelGate.net
^ Cities in Iran: 2005 Population Estimates

External links [link]

Kerman Province

Capital

Kerman

Counties (A-L)
and Cities

Anar County	Anar Aminshahr

Anbarabad County	Anbarabad Mardehek

Baft County	Baft Arzuiyeh Bezenjan

Bam County	Bam Baravat

Bardsir County	Bardsir Golzar Negar

Fahraj County	Fahraj

Faryab County	Faryab

Jiroft County	Jiroft Darb-e Behesht Jebalbarez

Kahnuj County	Kahnuj

Kerman County	Kerman Anduhjerd Baghin Chatrud Ekhtiarabad Golbaf Jupar Kazemabad Mahan Mohiabad Rayen Shahdad Zangiabad

Kuhbanan County	Kuhbanan Kian Shahr

Counties (M-Z)
and Cities

Sights

Arg-é Bam
Bardsir citadel
Carpet Museum, Kerman
Dinosaur remnants, Zarand
Dousari waterfall
Ganjali Khan Complex
Hajagha-ali historical complex
Ibrahim Khan's school
Jamé Mosque of Kerman
Kerman's grand Bazzar
Kerman's museum of industry
Khanqah of Sheykh Saeid
Konar Sandal
Maymand
Naderi Milestone, Fahraj
Pid-e Nekooieh
Presidential museum of Rafsanjan
Rayen Castle
Shazdeh Garden
Sirjan's Yakhchals
Torang cave
Shah Nematollah Vali Shrine
Vakil bath, Kerman

http://wn.com/Kerman

http://it.wn.com/Kerman (città)

http://cs.wn.com/Kermán

http://id.wn.com/Kerman

http://es.wn.com/Kermán

http://nl.wn.com/Kerman (stad)

http://pt.wn.com/Kerman

http://pl.wn.com/Kerman

http://fr.wn.com/Kerman

http://ru.wn.com/Керман

http://de.wn.com/Kerman (Iran)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerman

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

"Lennon" redirects here. For other uses, see Lennon (disambiguation).

For other people named John Lennon, see John Lennon (disambiguation).

John Lennon MBE
Lennon rehearses "Give Peace a Chance" in Montreal, Canada, in 1969
Background information
Birth name	John Winston Lennon
Born	(1940-10-09)9 October 1940 Liverpool, England, UK
Died	8 December 1980(1980-12-08) (aged 40) New York, New York, US
Genres	Rock, pop
Occupations	Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer, artist, writer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, piano, harmonica, harmonium, electronic organ, six-string bass
Years active	1957–75, 1980
Labels	Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, EMI, Geffen, Polydor
Associated acts	The Quarrymen, The Beatles, Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Yoko Ono
Website	www.johnlennon.com
Notable instruments
Rickenbacker 325 Epiphone Casino Gibson J-160E

Lennon's signature

John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (9 October 1940 – 8 December 1980) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founder members of The Beatles, one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Together with Paul McCartney, he formed one of the most celebrated songwriting partnerships of the 20th century.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved as a teenager in the skiffle craze; his first band, The Quarrymen, evolved into The Beatles in 1960. As the group disintegrated towards the end of the decade, Lennon embarked on a solo career that produced the critically acclaimed albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, and iconic songs such as "Give Peace a Chance" and "Imagine". After his marriage to Yoko Ono in 1969, he changed his name to John Ono Lennon. Lennon disengaged himself from the music business in 1975 to devote time to raising his infant son Sean, but re-emerged with Ono in 1980 with the new album Double Fantasy. He was murdered three weeks after its release.

Lennon revealed a rebellious nature and acerbic wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film, and in interviews. Controversial through his political and peace activism, he moved to New York City in 1971, where his criticism of the Vietnam War resulted in a lengthy attempt by Richard Nixon's administration to deport him, while some of his songs were adopted as anthems by the anti-war movement.

As of 2012 Lennon's solo album sales in the United States exceed 14 million units, and as writer, co-writer or performer, he is responsible for 25 number-one singles on the US Hot 100 chart. In 2002 a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted him eighth, and in 2008, Rolling Stone ranked him the fifth-greatest singer of all-time. He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.

History [link]

1940–57: Early years [link]

Further information: Julia Lennon, Alfred Lennon, and Mimi Smith

Lennon was born in war-time England, on 9 October 1940 at Liverpool Maternity Hospital to Julia and Alfred Lennon, a merchant seaman who was away at the time of his son's birth.^[1] He was named John Winston Lennon after his paternal grandfather, John "Jack" Lennon, and then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill.^[2] His father was often away from home but sent regular pay cheques to 9 Newcastle Road, Liverpool, where Lennon lived with his mother,^[3] but the cheques stopped when he went absent without leave in February 1944.^[4]^[5] When he eventually came home six months later, he offered to look after the family, but Julia—by then pregnant with another man's child—rejected the idea.^[6] After her sister, Mimi Smith, twice complained to Liverpool's Social Services, Julia handed the care of Lennon over to her. In July 1946 Lennon's father visited Smith and took his son to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him.^[7] Julia followed them—with her partner at the time, 'Bobby' Dykins—and after a heated argument his father forced the five-year-old to choose between them. Lennon twice chose his father, but as his mother walked away, he began to cry and followed her.^[8] It would be 20 years before he had contact with his father again.^[9]

A grey two-story building, with numerous windows visible on both levels

251 Menlove Avenue, the home of George and Mimi Smith, where Lennon lived for most of his childhood and adolescence

Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence he lived with his aunt and uncle, Mimi and George Smith, who had no children of their own, at Mendips, 251 Menlove Avenue, Woolton.^[10] His aunt bought him volumes of short stories, and his uncle, a dairyman at his family's farm, bought him a mouth organ and engaged him in solving crossword puzzles.^[11] Julia visited Mendips on a regular basis, and when he was 11 years old he often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool, where she played him Elvis Presley records, and taught him the banjo, learning how to play "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino.^[12]

In September 1980 he talked about his family and his rebellious nature:

Part of me would like to be accepted by all facets of society and not be this loudmouthed lunatic musician. But I cannot be what I am not. Because of my attitude, all the other boys' parents ... instinctively recognised what I was, which was a troublemaker, meaning I did not conform and I would influence their kids, which I did ... I did my best to disrupt every friend's home ... Partly, maybe, it was out of envy that I didn't have this so-called home, but I really did ... There were five women who were my family. Five strong, intelligent women. Five sisters. Those women were fantastic ... that was my first feminist education ... One happened to be my mother ... she just couldn't deal with life. She had a husband who ran away to sea and the war was on and she couldn't cope with me, and when I was four-and-a-half, I ended up living with her elder sister ... the fact that I wasn't with my parents made me see that parents are not gods.^[13]

He regularly visited his cousin, Stanley Parkes, who lived in Fleetwood. Seven years Lennon's senior, Parkes took him on trips, and to local cinemas.^[14] During the school holidays, Parkes often visited Lennon with Leila Harvey, another cousin, often travelling to Blackpool two or three times a week to watch shows. They would visit the Blackpool Tower Circus and see artists such as Dickie Valentine, Arthur Askey, Max Bygraves and Joe Loss, with Parkes recalling that Lennon particularly liked George Formby.^[15] After Parkes's family moved to Scotland, the three cousins often spent their school holidays together there. Parkes recalled, "John, cousin Leila and I were very close. From Edinburgh we would drive up to the family croft at Durness, which was from about the time John was nine years old until he was about 16."^[16] He was 14 years old when his uncle George died of a liver haemorrhage on 5 June 1955 (aged 52).^[17]

Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School.^[18] From September 1952 to 1957, after passing his Eleven-Plus exam, he attended Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool, and was described by Harvey at the time as, "A happy-go-lucky, good-humoured, easy going, lively lad."^[19] He often drew comical cartoons which appeared in his own self-made school magazine called The Daily Howl,^[20] but despite his artistic talent, his school reports were damning: "Certainly on the road to failure ... hopeless ... rather a clown in class ... wasting other pupils' time."^[21]

His mother bought him his first guitar in 1956, an inexpensive Gallotone Champion acoustic for which she "lent" her son five pounds and ten shillings on the condition that the guitar be delivered to her own house, and not Mimi's, knowing well that her sister was not supportive of her son's musical aspirations.^[22] As Mimi was sceptical of his claim that he would be famous one day, she hoped he would grow bored with music, often telling him, "The guitar's all very well, John, but you'll never make a living out of it".^[23] On 15 July 1958, when Lennon was 17 years old, his mother, walking home after visiting the Smiths' house, was struck by a car and killed.^[24]

Lennon failed all his GCE O-level examinations, and was accepted into the Liverpool College of Art only after his aunt and headmaster intervened.^[25] Once at the college, he started wearing Teddy Boy clothes and acquired a reputation for disrupting classes and ridiculing teachers. As a result, he was excluded from the painting class, then the graphic arts course, and was threatened with expulsion for his behaviour, which included sitting on a nude model's lap during a life drawing class.^[26] He failed an annual exam, despite help from fellow student and future wife Cynthia Powell, and was "thrown out of the college before his final year."^[27]

1957–70: The Quarrymen to The Beatles [link]

Further information: The Quarrymen, Lennon–McCartney, Brian Epstein, The Beatles, Beatlemania, British Invasion, and More popular than Jesus

1957–65: Formation, commercial break-out, and touring years [link]

Monochrome image of John Lennon playing guitar and speaking into a microphone while wearing a grey suit.

Lennon playing with The Beatles in 1964 at the height of Beatlemania

The Beatles evolved from Lennon's first band, the Quarrymen. Named after Quarry Bank High School, the group was established by him in September 1956 when he was 15, and began as a skiffle group.^[28] By the summer of 1957 the Quarrymen played a "spirited set of songs" made up of half skiffle, and half rock and roll.^[29] Lennon first met Paul McCartney at the Quarrymen's second performance, held in Woolton on 6 July at the St. Peter's Church garden fête, after which McCartney was asked to join the band.^[30]

McCartney says that Aunt Mimi: "was very aware that John's friends were lower class", and would often patronise him when he arrived to visit Lennon.^[31] According to Paul's brother Mike, McCartney's father was also disapproving, declaring Lennon would get his son "into trouble";^[32] although he later allowed the fledgling band to rehearse in the McCartneys' front room at 20 Forthlin Road.^[33]^[34] During this time, the 18-year-old Lennon wrote his first song, "Hello Little Girl", a UK top 10 hit for The Fourmost nearly five years later.^[35]

George Harrison joined the band as lead guitarist,^[36] even though Lennon thought Harrison (at 14 years old) was too young to join the band, so McCartney engineered a second audition on the upper deck of a Liverpool bus, where Harrison played "Raunchy" for Lennon.^[37] Stuart Sutcliffe, Lennon's friend from art school, later joined as bassist.^[38] Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Sutcliffe became "The Beatles" in early 1960. In August that year The Beatles, engaged for a 48-night residency in Hamburg, Germany, and desperately in need of a drummer, asked Pete Best to join them.^[39] Lennon was now 19, and his aunt, horrified when he told her about the trip, pleaded with him to continue his art studies instead.^[40] After the first Hamburg residency, the band accepted another in April 1961, and a third in April 1962. Like the other band members, Lennon was introduced to Preludin while in Hamburg,^[41] and regularly took the drug, as well as amphetamines, as a stimulant during their long, overnight performances.^[42]

Brian Epstein, The Beatles' manager from 1962, had no prior experience of artist management, but nevertheless had a strong influence on their early dress code and attitude on stage.^[43] Lennon initially resisted his attempts to encourage the band to present a professional appearance, but eventually complied, saying, "I'll wear a bloody balloon if somebody's going to pay me".^[44] McCartney took over on bass after Sutcliffe decided to stay in Hamburg, and drummer Ringo Starr replaced Best, completing the four-piece line-up that would endure until the group's break-up in 1970. The band's first single, "Love Me Do", was released in October 1962 and reached #17 on the British charts. They recorded their debut album, Please Please Me, in under 10 hours on 11 February 1963,^[45] a day when Lennon was suffering the effects of a cold,^[46] which is evident in the vocal on the last song to be recorded that day, Twist and Shout.^[47] The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership yielded eight of its fourteen tracks. With few exceptions—one being the album title itself—Lennon had yet to bring his love of wordplay to bear on his song lyrics, saying: "We were just writing songs ... pop songs with no more thought of them than that–to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant".^[45] In a 1987 interview, McCartney said that the other Beatles idolised John: "He was like our own little Elvis ... We all looked up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader; he was the quickest wit and the smartest".^[48]

The Beatles achieved mainstream success in the UK during the beginning of 1963. Lennon was on tour when his first son, Julian, was born in April. During their Royal Variety Show performance, attended by the Queen Mother and other British royalty, Lennon poked fun at his audience: "For our next song, I'd like to ask for your help. For the people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands ... and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewellery."^[49] After a year of Beatlemania in the UK, the group's historic February 1964 US debut appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show marked their breakthrough to international stardom. A two-year period of constant touring, moviemaking, and songwriting followed, during which Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Write and A Spaniard in the Works.^[50] The Beatles received recognition from the British Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1965.^[51]

Lennon grew concerned that fans attending Beatles' concerts were unable to hear the music above the screaming of fans, and that the band's musicianship was beginning to suffer as a result.^[52] Lennon's "Help!" expressed his own feelings in 1965: "I meant it ... It was me singing 'help'".^[53] He had put on weight (he would later refer to this as his "Fat Elvis" period),^[54] and felt he was subconsciously seeking change.^[55] The following January he was unknowingly introduced to LSD when a dentist, hosting a dinner party attended by Lennon, Harrison and their wives, spiked the guests' coffee with the drug.^[56] When they wanted to leave, their host revealed what they had taken, and strongly advised them not to leave the house because of the likely effects. Later, in an elevator at a nightclub, they all believed it was on fire: "We were all screaming ... hot and hysterical."^[56] A few months later in March, during an interview with Evening Standard reporter Maureen Cleave, Lennon remarked, "Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink ... We're more popular than Jesus now—I don't know which will go first, rock and roll or Christianity."^[57] The comment went virtually unnoticed in England but caused great offence in the US when quoted by a magazine there five months later. The furore that followed—burning of Beatles' records, Ku Klux Klan activity, and threats against Lennon—contributed to the band's decision to stop touring.^[58]

1966–70: Studio years, break-up and solo work [link]

File:Beatles-our-world.jpg

Lennon (right) performing "All You Need Is Love" with The Beatles in 1967 to 400 million viewers of "Our World".

Deprived of the routine of live performances after their final commercial concert on 29 August 1966, Lennon felt lost and considered leaving the band.^[59] Since his involuntary introduction to LSD in January, he had made increasing use of the drug, and was almost constantly under its influence for much of the year."^[60] According to biographer Ian MacDonald, Lennon's continuous experience with LSD during the year brought him "close to erasing his identity".^[61] 1967 saw the release of "Strawberry Fields Forever", hailed by TIME magazine for its "astonishing inventiveness",^[62] and the group's landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which revealed Lennon's lyrics contrasting strongly with the simple love songs of the Lennon–McCartney's early years.

In August, after having been introduced to the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the group attended a weekend of personal instruction at his Transcendental Meditation seminar in Bangor, Wales,^[63] and were informed of Epstein's death during the seminar. "I knew we were in trouble then", Lennon said later. "I didn't have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared".^[64] They later travelled to Maharishi's ashram in India for further guidance, where they composed most of the songs for The Beatles and Abbey Road.^[65]

The anti-war, black comedy How I Won the War, featuring Lennon's only appearance in a non–Beatles' full-length film, was shown in cinemas in October 1967.^[66] McCartney organised the group's first post-Epstein project,^[67] the self-written, -produced and -directed television film Magical Mystery Tour, released in December that year. While the film itself proved to be their first critical flop, its soundtrack release, featuring Lennon's acclaimed, Lewis Carroll-inspired "I am the Walrus", was a success.^[68]^[69] With Epstein gone, the band members became increasingly involved in business activities, and in February 1968 they formed Apple Corps, a multimedia corporation comprising Apple Records and several other subsidiary companies. Lennon described the venture as an attempt to achieve, "artistic freedom within a business structure",^[70] but his increased drug experimentation and growing preoccupation with Yoko Ono, and McCartney's own marriage plans, left Apple in need of professional management. Lennon asked Lord Beeching to take on the role, but he declined, advising Lennon to go back to making records. Lennon approached Allen Klein, who had managed The Rolling Stones and other bands during the British Invasion. Klein was appointed as Apple's chief executive by Lennon, Harrison and Starr,^[71] but McCartney never signed the management contract.^[72]

	"Give Peace a Chance" noicon Sample of "Give Peace a Chance", recorded in 1969 during Lennon and Ono's second Bed-In for Peace. As described by biographer Bill Harry, Lennon wanted to "write a peace anthem that would take over from the song 'We Shall Overcome'—and he succeeded ... it became the main anti-Vietnam protest song."^[73]
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

At the end of 1968, Lennon featured in the film The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (not released until 1996) in the role of a Dirty Mac band member. The supergroup, comprising Lennon, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also backed a vocal performance by Ono in the film.^[74] Lennon and Ono were married on 20 March 1969, and soon released a series of 14 lithographs called "Bag One" depicting scenes from their honeymoon,^[75] eight of which were deemed indecent and most of which were banned and confiscated.^[76] Lennon's creative focus continued to move beyond The Beatles and between 1968 and 1969 he and Ono recorded three albums of experimental music together: Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins^[77] (known more for its cover than for its music), Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions and Wedding Album. In 1969 they formed The Plastic Ono Band, releasing Live Peace in Toronto 1969. In protest at Britain's involvement in the Nigerian Civil War,^[78] Lennon returned his MBE medal to the Queen, though this had no effect on his MBE status, which could not be renounced.^[79] Between 1969 and 1970 Lennon released the singles "Give Peace a Chance" (widely adopted as an anti-Vietnam-War anthem in 1969),^[80] "Cold Turkey" (documenting his withdrawal symptoms after he became addicted to heroin^[81]) and "Instant Karma!".

Lennon left the group in September 1969,^[82] and agreed not to inform the media while the band renegotiated their recording contract, but he was outraged that McCartney publicised his own departure on releasing his debut solo album in April 1970. Lennon's reaction was, "Jesus Christ! He gets all the credit for it!"^[83] He later wrote, "I started the band. I disbanded it. It's as simple as that."^[84] In later interviews with Rolling Stone magazine, he revealed his bitterness towards McCartney, saying, "I was a fool not to do what Paul did, which was use it to sell a record."^[85] He spoke too of the hostility he perceived the other members had towards Ono, and of how he, Harrison, and Starr "got fed up with being sidemen for Paul ... After Brian Epstein died we collapsed. Paul took over and supposedly led us. But what is leading us when we went round in circles?"^[86]

1970–80: Solo career [link]

1970–72: Initial solo success and activism [link]

Advertisement for "Imagine" from Billboard, 18 September 1971.

In 1970, Lennon and Ono went through primal therapy with Dr. Arthur Janov in Los Angeles, California. Designed to release emotional pain from early childhood, the therapy entailed two half-days a week with Janov for four months; he had wanted to treat the couple for longer, but they felt no need to continue and returned to London.^[87] Lennon's emotional debut solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), was received with high praise. Critic Greil Marcus remarked, "John's singing in the last verse of 'God' may be the finest in all of rock."^[88] The album featured the songs "Mother", in which Lennon confronted his feelings of childhood rejection,^[89] and the Dylanesque "Working Class Hero", a bitter attack against the bourgeois social system which, due to the lyric "you're still fucking peasants", fell foul of broadcasters.^[90]^[91] The same year, Tariq Ali's revolutionary political views, expressed when he interviewed Lennon, inspired the singer to write "Power to the People". Lennon also became involved with Ali during a protest against Oz magazine's prosecution for alleged obscenity. Lennon denounced the proceedings as "disgusting fascism", and he and Ono (as Elastic Oz Band) released the single "God Save Us/Do the Oz" and joined marches in support of the magazine.^[92]

"Imagine"

noicon

Sample of "Imagine", Lennon's "most famous post-Beatles' track."^[93] Like "Give Peace a Chance", the song became an anti-war anthem, but its lyrics offended religious groups. Lennon's explanation was, "If you can imagine a world at peace, with no denominations of religion—not without religion, but without this 'my God is bigger than your God' thing—then it can be true."^[94]

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

With Lennon's next album, Imagine (1971), critical response was more guarded. Rolling Stone reported that "it contains a substantial portion of good music" but warned of the possibility that "his posturings will soon seem not merely dull but irrelevant".^[95] The album's title track would become an anthem for anti-war movements,^[96] while another, "How Do You Sleep?", was a musical attack on McCartney in response to lyrics from Ram that Lennon felt, and McCartney later confirmed,^[97] were directed at him and Ono. However, Lennon softened his stance in the mid-1970s and said he had written "How Do You Sleep?" about himself.^[98] He said in 1980: "I used my resentment against Paul ... to create a song ... not a terrible vicious horrible vendetta ... I used my resentment and withdrawing from Paul and The Beatles, and the relationship with Paul, to write 'How Do You Sleep'. I don't really go 'round with those thoughts in my head all the time".^[99]

Lennon and Ono moved to New York in August 1971, and in December released "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)".^[100] To advertise the single, they paid for billboards in 12 cities around the world which declared, in the national language, "WAR IS OVER—IF YOU WANT IT".^[101] The new year saw the Nixon Administration take what it called a "strategic counter-measure" against Lennon's anti-war propaganda, embarking on what would be a four-year attempt to deport him: embroiled in a continuing legal battle, he was denied permanent residency in the US until 1976.^[102]

Recorded as a collaboration with Ono and with backing from the New York band Elephant's Memory, Some Time in New York City was released in 1972. Containing songs about women's rights, race relations, Britain's role in Northern Ireland, and Lennon's problems obtaining a green card,^[103] the album was poorly received—unlistenable, according to one critic.^[104] "Woman Is the Nigger of the World", released as a US single from the album the same year, was televised on 11 May, on The Dick Cavett Show. Many radio stations refused to broadcast the song because of the word "nigger".^[105] Lennon and Ono gave two benefit concerts with Elephant's Memory and guests in New York in aid of patients at the Willowbrook State School mental facility.^[106] Staged at Madison Square Garden on 30 August 1972, they were his last full-length concert appearances.^[107]

1973–75: "Lost weekend"[link]

Publicity photo of John Lennon and host Tom Snyder from the television program Tomorrow. Done in 1975, this was the last television interview Lennon gave before his death in 1980.

While Lennon was recording Mind Games (1973), he and Ono decided to separate. The ensuing 18-month period apart, which he later called his "lost weekend",^[108] was spent in Los Angeles and New York in the company of May Pang. Mind Games, credited to the "Plastic U.F.Ono Band", was released in November 1973. Lennon also contributed "I'm the Greatest", to Starr's album Ringo (1973), released the same month. (an alternate take, from the same 1973 Ringo sessions, with Lennon providing a guide vocal, appears on John Lennon Anthology).

In early 1974, Lennon was drinking heavily and his alcohol-fuelled antics with Harry Nilsson made headlines. Two widely publicised incidents occurred at The Troubadour club in March, the first when Lennon placed a menstruation "towel" on his forehead and scuffled with a waitress, and the second, two weeks later, when Lennon and Nilsson were ejected from the same club after heckling the Smothers Brothers.^[109] Lennon decided to produce Nilsson's album Pussy Cats and Pang rented a Los Angeles beach house for all the musicians^[110] but after a month of further debauchery, with the recording sessions in chaos, Lennon moved to New York with Pang to finish work on the album. In April, Lennon had produced the Mick Jagger song "Too Many Cooks (Spoil the Soup)" which was, for contractual reasons, to remain unreleased for more than 30 years. Pang supplied the recording for its eventual inclusion on The Very Best of Mick Jagger (2007).^[111]

Settled back in New York, Lennon recorded the album Walls and Bridges. Released in October 1974, it yielded his only number-one single in his lifetime, "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", featuring Elton John on backing vocals and piano.^[112] A second single from the album, "#9 Dream", followed before the end of the year. Starr's Goodnight Vienna (1974) again saw assistance from Lennon, who wrote the title track and played piano.^[113] On 28 November, Lennon made a surprise guest appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at Madison Square Garden, in fulfilment of his promise to join the singer in a live show if "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night"—a song whose commercial potential Lennon had doubted—reached number one. Lennon performed the song along with "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" and "I Saw Her Standing There", which he introduced as "a song by an old estranged fiancee of mine called Paul".^[114]

Lennon co-wrote "Fame", David Bowie's first US number one, and provided guitar and backing vocals for the January 1975 recording.^[115] The same month, Elton John topped the charts with his cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", featuring Lennon on guitar and back-up vocals (Lennon is credited on the single under the moniker of "Dr. Winston O'Boogie"). He and Ono were reunited shortly afterwards. Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll (1975), an album of cover songs, in February. "Stand by Me", taken from the album and a US and UK hit, became his last single for five years.^[116] He made what would be his final stage appearance in the ATV special A Salute to Lew Grade, recorded on 18 April and televised in June.^[117] Playing acoustic guitar, and backed by an eight-piece band, Lennon performed two songs from Rock 'n' Roll ("Stand By Me", which was not broadcast, and "Slippin' and Slidin'") followed by "Imagine".^[117]

1975–80: Retirement and return [link]

With the birth of his second son Sean on 9 October 1975, Lennon took on the role of househusband, beginning what would be a five-year hiatus from the music industry during which he gave all his attention to his family.^[13] Within the month, he fulfilled his contractual obligation to EMI/Capitol for one more album by releasing Shaved Fish, a compilation album of previously recorded tracks.^[13] He devoted himself to Sean, rising at 6 am daily to plan and prepare his meals and to spend time with him.^[118] He wrote "Cookin' (In the Kitchen of Love)" for Starr's Ringo's Rotogravure (1976), performing on the track in June in what would be his last recording session until 1980.^[119] He formally announced his break from music in Tokyo in 1977, saying, "we have basically decided, without any great decision, to be with our baby as much as we can until we feel we can take time off to indulge ourselves in creating things outside of the family."^[120] During his career break he created several series of drawings, and drafted a book containing a mix of autobiographical material and what he termed "mad stuff",^[121] all of which would be published posthumously.

He emerged from retirement in October 1980 with the single "(Just Like) Starting Over", followed the next month by the album Double Fantasy, which contained songs written during a journey to Bermuda on a 43-foot sailing boat the previous June,^[122] that reflected Lennon's fulfilment in his new-found stable family life.^[123] Sufficient additional material was recorded for a planned follow-up album Milk and Honey (released posthumously in 1984).^[124] Released jointly with Ono, Double Fantasy was not well received, drawing comments such as Melody Maker's "indulgent sterility ... a godawful yawn".^[125]

8 December 1980: Death [link]

Main article: Death of John Lennon

At around 10:50 pm on 8 December 1980, as Lennon and Ono returned to their New York apartment in The Dakota, Mark David Chapman shot Lennon in the back four times at the entrance to the building. Lennon was taken to the emergency room of the nearby Roosevelt Hospital and was pronounced dead on arrival at 11:07 pm.^[126] Earlier that evening, Lennon had autographed a copy of Double Fantasy for Chapman.^[127]

Ono issued a statement the next day, saying "There is no funeral for John", ending it with the words, "John loved and prayed for the human race. Please pray the same for him."^[128] His body was cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Ono scattered his ashes in New York's Central Park, where the Strawberry Fields memorial was later created.^[129] Chapman pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 20 years to life; as of 2011, he remains in prison, having been denied parole six times.^[130]^[131]

Personal relationships [link]

Cynthia Lennon [link]

Further information: Cynthia Lennon

File:John and Cynthia on car.JPG

John Lennon and Cynthia Powell in 1959

Lennon and Cynthia Powell met in 1957 as fellow students at the Liverpool College of Art.^[132] Although being scared of Lennon's attitude and appearance, she heard that he was obsessed with French actress Brigitte Bardot, so she dyed her hair blonde. Lennon asked her out, but when she said that she was engaged, he screamed out, "I didn't ask you to fuckin' marry me, did I?"^[133] She often accompanied him to Quarrymen gigs and travelled to Hamburg with McCartney's girlfriend at the time to visit him.^[134] Lennon, jealous by nature, eventually grew possessive and often terrified Powell with his anger and physical violence.^[135] Lennon later said that until he met Ono, he had never questioned his chauvinistic attitude to women. The Beatles' song "Getting Better", he said, told his own story, "I used to be cruel to my woman, and physically—any woman. I was a hitter. I couldn't express myself and I hit. I fought men and I hit women. That is why I am always on about peace".^[13]

Recalling his reaction in July 1962 on learning that Cynthia was pregnant, Lennon said, "There's only one thing for it Cyn. We'll have to get married."^[136] The couple were married on 23 August at the Mount Pleasant Register Office in Liverpool. His marriage began just as Beatlemania took hold across the UK. He performed on the evening of his wedding day, and would continue to do so almost daily from then on.^[137] Epstein, fearing that fans would be alienated by the idea of a married Beatle, asked the Lennons to keep their marriage secret. Julian was born on 8 April 1963; Lennon was on tour at the time and did not see his son until three days later.^[138]

Cynthia attributes the start of the marriage breakdown to LSD, and as a result, she felt that he slowly lost interest in her.^[139] When the group travelled by train to Bangor, Wales, in 1967, for the Maharishi Yogi's Transcendental Meditation seminar, a policeman did not recognise her and stopped her from boarding. She later recalled how the incident seemed to symbolise the ending of their marriage.^[140] After arriving home at Kenwood, and finding Lennon with Ono, Cynthia left the house to stay with friends. Alexis Mardas later claimed to have slept with her that night, and a few weeks later he informed her that Lennon was seeking a divorce and custody of Julian on grounds of her adultery with him. After negotiations, Lennon capitulated and agreed to her divorcing him on the same grounds. The case was settled out of court, with Lennon giving her £100,000, and custody of Julian.^[141]

Brian Epstein [link]

File:Epstein at Hard Days Night.jpg

Starr, McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Epstein at the preview of A Hard Day’s Night in 1964

Further information: Brian Epstein

The Beatles were performing at Liverpool's Cavern Club in 1962, when all four Beatles were introduced to Epstein after a midday concert. Epstein was homosexual. According to biographer Philip Norman, one of his reasons for wanting to manage the group was that he was physically attracted to Lennon. Almost as soon as Julian was born, Lennon went on holiday to Spain with Epstein, leading to speculation about their relationship. Questioned about it later, Lennon said, "Well, it was almost a love affair, but not quite. It was never consummated. But it was a pretty intense relationship. It was my first experience with a homosexual that I was conscious was homosexual. We used to sit in a café in Torremolinos looking at all the boys and I'd say, 'Do you like that one? Do you like this one?' I was rather enjoying the experience, thinking like a writer all the time: I am experiencing this."^[142] Soon after their return from Spain, at McCartney's twenty-first birthday party in June 1963, Lennon physically attacked Cavern Club MC Bob Wooler for saying "How was your honeymoon, John?" The MC, known for his wordplay and affectionate but cutting remarks, was making a joke,^[143] but ten months had passed since Lennon's marriage, and the honeymoon, deferred, was still two months in the future.^[144] To Lennon, who was intoxicated with alcohol at the time, the matter was simple: "He called me a queer so I battered his bloody ribs in".^[145]

Lennon delighted in mocking Epstein for his homosexuality and for the fact that he was Jewish.^[146] When Epstein invited suggestions for the title of his autobiography, Lennon offered Queer Jew; on learning of the eventual title, A Cellarful of Noise, he parodied, "More like A Cellarful of Boys".^[147] He demanded of a visitor to Epstein's flat, "Have you come to blackmail him? If not, you're the only bugger in London who hasn't."^[146] During the recording of "Baby, You're a Rich Man", he sang altered choruses of "Baby, you're a rich fag Jew".^[148]^[149]

Julian Lennon [link]

Further information: Julian Lennon

Julian Lennon at the unveiling of the John Lennon Peace Monument in Liverpool, 2010

Lennon's first son, Julian, was born as his commitments with The Beatles intensified at the height of Beatlemania during his marriage to Cynthia. Lennon was touring with The Beatles when Julian was born on 8 April 1963. Julian's birth, like his mother Cynthia's marriage to Lennon, was kept secret because Epstein was convinced public knowledge of such things would threaten The Beatles' commercial success. Julian recalls how some four years later, as a small child in Weybridge, "I was trundled home from school and came walking up with one of my watercolour paintings. It was just a bunch of stars and this blonde girl I knew at school. And Dad said, 'What's this?' I said, 'It's Lucy in the sky with diamonds.'"^[150] Lennon used it as the title of a Beatles' song, and though it was later reported to have been derived from the initials LSD, Lennon insisted, "It's not an acid song."^[151] McCartney corroborated Lennon's explanation that Julian innocently came up with the name.^[151] Lennon was distant from Julian, who felt closer to McCartney than to his father. During a car journey to visit Cynthia and Julian during Lennon's divorce, McCartney composed a song, "Hey Jules", to comfort him. It would evolve into The Beatles song "Hey Jude". Lennon later said, "That's his best song. It started off as a song about my son Julian ... he turned it into 'Hey Jude'. I always thought it was about me and Yoko but he said it wasn't."^[152]

Lennon's relationship with Julian was already strained, and after Lennon and Ono's 1971 move to New York, Julian would not see his father again until 1973.^[153] With Pang's encouragement, it was arranged for him (and his mother) to visit Lennon in Los Angeles, where they went to Disneyland.^[154] Julian started to see his father regularly, and Lennon gave him a drumming part on a Walls and Bridges track.^[155] He bought Julian a Gibson Les Paul guitar and other instruments, and encouraged his interest in music by demonstrating guitar chord techniques.^[155] Julian recalls that he and his father "got on a great deal better" during the time he spent in New York: "We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general."^[156]

In a Playboy interview with David Sheff shortly before his death, Lennon said, "Sean was a planned child, and therein lies the difference. I don't love Julian any less as a child. He's still my son, whether he came from a bottle of whiskey or because they didn't have pills in those days. He's here, he belongs to me, and he always will." He said he was trying to re-establish a connection with the then 17-year-old, and confidently predicted, "Julian and I will have a relationship in the future."^[13] After his death it was revealed that he had left Julian very little in his will.^[157]

Yoko Ono [link]

Further information: Yoko Ono

John Lennon with Yoko Ono by Jack Mitchell, 1980

Two versions exist of how Lennon met Ono. According to the first, on 9 November 1966 Lennon went to the Indica Gallery in London, where Ono was preparing her conceptual art exhibit, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar.^[158] Lennon was intrigued by Ono's "Hammer A Nail": patrons hammered a nail into a wooden board, creating the art piece. Although the exhibition had not yet begun, Lennon wanted to hammer a nail into the clean board, but Ono stopped him. Dunbar asked her, "Don't you know who this is? He's a millionaire! He might buy it." Ono had supposedly not heard of The Beatles, but relented on condition that Lennon pay her five shillings, to which Lennon replied, "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail in."^[13] The second version, told by McCartney, is that in late 1965, Ono was in London compiling original musical scores for a book John Cage was working on, Notations, but McCartney declined to give her any of his own manuscripts for the book, suggesting that Lennon might oblige. When asked, Lennon gave Ono the original handwritten lyrics to "The Word".^[159]

Ono began telephoning and calling at Lennon's home, and when his wife asked for an explanation, he explained that Ono was only trying to obtain money for her "avant-garde bullshit".^[160] In May 1968, while his wife was on holiday in Greece, Lennon invited Ono to visit. They spent the night recording what would become the Two Virgins album, after which, he said, they "made love at dawn."^[161] When Lennon's wife returned home she found Ono wearing her bathrobe and drinking tea with Lennon who simply said, "Oh, hi."^[162] Ono became pregnant in 1968 and miscarried a male child they named John Ono Lennon II on 21 November 1968,^[129] a few weeks after Lennon's divorce from Cynthia was granted.^[163]

During Lennon's last two years in The Beatles, he and Ono began public protests against the Vietnam War. They were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam campaigning with a week-long Bed-In for peace. They planned another Bed-In in the United States, but were denied entry,^[164] so held one instead at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, where they recorded "Give Peace a Chance".^[165] They often combined advocacy with performance art, as in their "Bagism", first introduced during a Vienna press conference. Lennon detailed this period in The Beatles' song "The Ballad of John and Yoko".^[166] Lennon changed his name by deed poll on 22 April 1969, adding "Ono" as a middle name. The brief ceremony took place on the roof of the Apple Corps building, made famous three months earlier by The Beatles' Let It Be rooftop concert. Although he used the name John Ono Lennon thereafter, official documents referred to him as John Winston Ono Lennon, since he was not permitted to revoke a name given at birth.^[167] After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on The Beatles' last album, Abbey Road.^[168] To escape the acrimony of the band's break-up, Ono suggested they move permanently to New York, which they did on 31 August 1971.

They first lived in the St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, then moved to a street-level flat at 105 Bank Street, Greenwich Village, on 16 October 1971. After a robbery, they relocated to the more secure Dakota at 1 West 72nd Street, in May 1973.^[169]

May Pang [link]

Further information: May Pang

May Pang

ABKCO Industries, formed in 1968 by Allen Klein as an umbrella company to ABKCO Records, recruited May Pang as a receptionist in 1969. Through involvement in a project with ABKCO, Lennon and Ono met her the following year. She became their personal assistant. After she had been working with the couple for three years, Ono confided that she and Lennon were becoming estranged from one another. She went on to suggest that Pang should begin a physical relationship with Lennon, telling her, "He likes you a lot." Pang, 22, astounded by Ono's proposition, eventually agreed to become Lennon's companion. The pair soon moved to California, beginning an 18-month period he later called his "lost weekend".^[108] In Los Angeles, Pang encouraged Lennon to develop regular contact with Julian, whom he had not seen for two years. He also rekindled friendships with Starr, McCartney, Beatles' roadie Mal Evans, and Harry Nilsson. Whilst drinking with Nilsson, after misunderstanding something Pang said, Lennon attempted to strangle her, relenting only when physically restrained by Nilsson.^[170]

On moving to New York, they prepared a spare room in their newly rented apartment for Julian to visit.^[170] Lennon, hitherto inhibited by Ono in this regard, began to reestablish contact with other relatives and friends. By December he and Pang were considering a house purchase, and he was refusing to accept Ono's telephone calls. In January 1975, he agreed to meet Ono—who said she had found a cure for smoking. But after the meeting he failed to return home or call Pang. When Pang telephoned the next day, Ono told her Lennon was unavailable, being exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment, stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. He told her his separation from Ono was now over, though Ono would allow him to continue seeing her as his mistress.^[171]

Sean Lennon [link]

Further information: Sean Lennon

When Lennon and Ono were reunited, she became pregnant, but having previously suffered three miscarriages in her attempt to have a child with Lennon, she said she wanted an abortion. She agreed to allow the pregnancy to continue on condition that Lennon adopt the role of househusband; this he agreed to do.^[172] Sean was born on 9 October 1975, Lennon's 35th birthday, delivered by Caesarean section. Lennon's subsequent career break would span five years. He had a photographer take pictures of Sean every day of his first year, and created numerous drawings for him, posthumously published as Real Love: The Drawings for Sean. Lennon later proudly declared, "He didn't come out of my belly but, by God, I made his bones, because I've attended to every meal, and to how he sleeps, and to the fact that he swims like a fish."^[173]

Former Beatles [link]

Further information: Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr

Black-and-white picture of four young men outdoors in front of a staircase, surrounded by a large assembled crowd. All four are waving to the crowd.

Lennon (left) and the rest of The Beatles arriving in the US in 1964

Although his friendship with Starr remained consistently warm during the years following The Beatles' break-up in 1970, Lennon's relationship with McCartney and Harrison varied. He was close to Harrison initially, but the two drifted apart after Lennon moved to America. When Harrison was in New York for his December 1974 Dark Horse tour, Lennon agreed to join him on stage, but failed to appear after an argument over Lennon's refusal to sign an agreement that would finally dissolve The Beatles' legal partnership. (Lennon eventually signed the papers while holidaying in Florida with Pang and Julian.^[174]) Harrison incensed Lennon in 1980 when he published an autobiography that made little mention of him. Lennon told Playboy, "I was hurt by it. By glaring omission ... my influence on his life is absolutely zilch ... he remembers every two-bit sax player or guitarist he met in subsequent years. I'm not in the book."^[175]

Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to attacking him through the lyrics of "How Do You Sleep?", Lennon argued with him through the press for three years after the group split. The two later began to reestablish something of the close friendship they had once known, and in 1974 even played music together again, before growing apart once more. Lennon said that during McCartney's final visit, in April 1976, they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer to get The Beatles to reunite on the show.^[176] The pair considered going to the studio to make a joke appearance, attempting to claim their share of the money, but were too tired.^[13] Lennon summarised his feelings towards McCartney in an interview three days before his death: "Throughout my career, I've selected to work with...only two people: Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono....That ain't bad picking."^[177]

Along with his estrangement from McCartney, Lennon always felt a musical competitiveness with him and kept an ear on his music. During his five-year career break he was content to sit back so long as McCartney was producing what Lennon saw as mediocre "product".^[178] When McCartney released "Coming Up" in 1980, the year Lennon returned to the studio and the last year of his life, he took notice. "It's driving me crackers!" he jokingly complained, because he could not get the tune out of his head.^[178] Asked the same year whether the group were dreaded enemies or the best of friends, he replied that they were neither, and that he had not seen any of them in a long time. But he also said, "I still love those guys. The Beatles are over, but John, Paul, George and Ringo go on."^[13]

Political activism [link]

Further information: Bed-In and Bagism

Lennon and Ono sit in front of flowers and placards bearing the word "peace." Lennon is only partly visible, and he holds an acoustic guitar. Ono wears a white dress, and there is a hanging microphone in front of her. In the foreground of the image are three men, one of them a guitarist facing away, and a woman.

Recording "Give Peace a Chance" during the Bed-In for Peace at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal

Lennon and Ono used their honeymoon as what they termed a "Bed-In for Peace" at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel; the March 1969 event attracted worldwide media ridicule.^[179]^[180] At a second Bed-In three months later at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal^[181] Lennon wrote and recorded "Give Peace a Chance". Released as a single, it was quickly taken up as an anti-war anthem and sung by a quarter of a million demonstrators against the Vietnam War in Washington, DC, on 15 October, the second Vietnam Moratorium Day.^[80]^[182]

Later that year, Lennon and Ono supported efforts by the family of James Hanratty, hanged for murder in 1962, to prove his innocence.^[183] Those who had condemned Hanratty were, according to Lennon, "the same people who are running guns to South Africa and killing blacks in the streets. ... The same bastards are in control, the same people are running everything, it's the whole bullshit bourgeois scene."^[184] In London, Lennon and Ono staged a "Britain Murdered Hanratty" banner march and a "Silent Protest For James Hanratty",^[78] and produced a 40-minute documentary on the case. At an appeal hearing years later, Hanratty's conviction was upheld.^[185]

Lennon and Ono showed their solidarity with the Clydeside UCS workers' work-in of 1971 by sending a bouquet of red roses and a cheque for £5,000.^[186] On moving to New York City in August that year, they befriended two of the Chicago Seven, Yippie peace activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman.^[187] Another peace activist, John Sinclair, poet and co-founder of the White Panther Party, was serving ten years in prison for selling two joints of marijuana after previous convictions for possession of the drug.^[188] In December 1971 at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 20,000 people attended the "John Sinclair Freedom Rally", a protest and benefit concert with contributions from Lennon, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Bobby Seale of the Black Panther Party, and others.^[189] Lennon and Ono, backed by David Peel and Rubin, performed an acoustic set of four songs from their forthcoming Some Time in New York City album including "John Sinclair", whose lyrics called for his release. The day before the rally, Michigan State had drastically reduced the penalties for Sinclair's crimes and three days after the rally, he was released on bail.^[190] The performance was recorded and two of the tracks later appeared on John Lennon Anthology (1998).^[191]

Following the Bloody Sunday incident in Northern Ireland in 1972, in which 13 unarmed civil rights protesters were shot dead by the British Army, Lennon said that given the choice between the army and the IRA (who were not involved in the incident) he would side with the latter. Lennon and Ono wrote two songs protesting British presence and actions in Ireland for their Some Time in New York City album: "Luck of the Irish" and "Sunday Bloody Sunday". In 2000, David Shayler, a former member of Britain's domestic security service MI5 suggested that Lennon had given money to the IRA though this was swiftly denied by Ono.^[192] Biographer Bill Harry records that following Bloody Sunday, Lennon and Ono financially supported the production of the film The Irish Tapes, a political documentary with a Republican slant.^[193]

According to FBI surveillance reports (and confirmed by Tariq Ali in 2006) Lennon was sympathetic to the International Marxist Group, a Trotskyist group formed in Britain in 1968.^[194] However, the FBI considered Lennon to have limited effectiveness as a revolutionary since he was "constantly under the influence of narcotics".^[195]

Deportation attempt [link]

Following the impact of "Give Peace a Chance" and "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", both strongly associated with the anti–Vietnam War movement, the Nixon administration, hearing rumours of Lennon's involvement in a concert to be held in San Diego at the same time as the Republican National Convention,^[196] tried to have him deported. Nixon believed that Lennon's anti-war activities could cost him his re-election;^[197] Republican Senator Strom Thurmond suggested in a February 1972 memo that "deportation would be a strategic counter-measure" against Lennon.^[198] The next month the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) began deportation proceedings, arguing that his 1968 misdemeanor conviction for cannabis possession in London had made him ineligible for admission to the United States. Lennon spent the next three and a half years in and out of deportation hearings until on 8 October 1975, when a court of appeals barred the deportation attempt, stating " ... the courts will not condone selective deportation based upon secret political grounds."^[199]^[103] While the legal battle continued, Lennon attended rallies and made television appearances. Lennon and Ono co-hosted the Mike Douglas Show for a week in February 1972, introducing guests such as Jerry Rubin and Bobby Seale to mid-America.^[200] In 1972, Bob Dylan wrote a letter to the INS defending Lennon, stating:

John and Yoko add a great voice and drive to the country's so-called art institution. They inspire and transcend and stimulate and by doing so, only help others to see pure light and in doing that, put an end to this dull taste of petty commercialism which is being passed off as Artist Art by the overpowering mass media. Hurray for John and Yoko. Let them stay and live here and breathe. The country's got plenty of room and space. Let John and Yoko stay!^[201]^[202]

On 23 March 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the US within 60 days.^[203] Ono, meanwhile, was granted permanent residence. In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference on 1 April 1973 at the New York City Bar Association, where they announced the formation of the state of Nutopia; a place with "no land, no boundaries, no passports, only people".^[204] Waving the white flag of Nutopia (two handkerchiefs), they asked for political asylum in the US. The press conference was filmed, and would later appear in the 2006 documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon.^[205] Lennon's Mind Games (1973) included the track "Nutopian International Anthem", which comprised three seconds of silence.^[206] Soon after the press conference, Nixon's involvement in a political scandal came to light, and in June the Watergate hearings began in Washington, DC. They led to the president's resignation 14 months later. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in continuing the battle against Lennon, and the deportation order was overturned in 1975. The following year, his US immigration status finally resolved, Lennon received his "green card" certifying his permanent residency, and when Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as president in January 1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inaugural Ball.^[207]

FBI surveillance and declassified documents [link]

Document with portions of text blacked out, dated 1972.

The FBI conducted clandestine surveillance on Lennon in the early 1970s. Here is a confidential letter from J. Edgar Hoover to the Attorney General about the surveillance. Historian Jon Wiener used the Freedom of Information Act with help from ACLU lawyers to push for the eventual release of these documents.

After Lennon's death, historian Jon Wiener filed a Freedom of Information Act request for FBI files documenting the Bureau's role in the deportation attempt.^[208] The FBI admitted it had 281 pages of files on Lennon, but refused to release most of them on the grounds that they contained national security information. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. It took 14 years of litigation to force the FBI to release the withheld pages.^[209] The ACLU, representing Wiener, won a favourable decision in their suit against the FBI in the Ninth Circuit in 1991.^[210] The Justice Department appealed the decision to the Supreme Court in April 1992, but the court declined to review the case.^[211] In 1997, respecting President Bill Clinton's newly instigated rule that documents should be withheld only if releasing them would involve "foreseeable harm", the Justice Department settled most of the outstanding issues outside court by releasing all but 10 of the contested documents.^[211] Wiener published the results of his 14-year campaign in January 2000. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files contained facsimiles of the documents, including "lengthy reports by confidential informants detailing the daily lives of anti-war activists, memos to the White House, transcripts of TV shows on which Lennon appeared, and a proposal that Lennon be arrested by local police on drug charges".^[212] The story is told in the documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon. The final 10 documents in Lennon's FBI file, which reported on his ties with London anti-war activists in 1971 and had been withheld as containing "national security information provided by a foreign government under an explicit promise of confidentiality", were released in December 2006. They contained no indication that the British government had regarded Lennon as a serious threat; one example of the released material was a report that two prominent British leftists had hoped Lennon would finance a left-wing bookshop and reading room.^[213]

Further information: Jon_Wiener#Wiener_battles_with_the_FBI

Writing and art [link]

Lennon's biographer Bill Harry writes that Lennon began drawing and writing creatively at an early age with the encouragement of his uncle. He collected his stories, poetry, cartoons, and caricatures in a Quarry Bank High School exercise book that he called the Daily Howl. The drawings were often of crippled people, and the writings satirical, and throughout the book was an abundance of wordplay. According to classmate Bill Turner, Lennon created the Daily Howl to amuse his best friend and later Quarrymen band mate, Pete Shotton, to whom he would show his work before he let anyone else see it. Turner said that Lennon "had an obsession for Wigan Pier. It kept cropping up", and in Lennon's story A Carrot In A Potato Mine, "the mine was at the end of Wigan Pier." Turner described how one of Lennon's cartoons depicted a bus stop sign annotated with the question, "Why?". Above was a flying pancake, and below, "a blind man wearing glasses leading along a blind dog—also wearing glasses".^[214]

Lennon's love of wordplay and nonsense with a twist found a wider audience when he was 24. Harry writes that In His Own Write (1964) was published after "Some journalist who was hanging around The Beatles came to me and I ended up showing him the stuff. They said, 'Write a book' and that's how the first one came about". Like the Daily Howl it contained a mix of formats including short stories, poetry, plays and drawings. One story, "Good Dog Nigel", tells the tale of "a happy dog, urinating on a lamp post, barking, wagging his tail—until he suddenly hears a message that he will be killed at three o'clock". The Times Literary Supplement considered the poems and stories "remarkable ... also very funny ... the nonsense runs on, words and images prompting one another in a chain of pure fantasy". Book Week reported, "This is nonsense writing, but one has only to review the literature of nonsense to see how well Lennon has brought it off. While some of his homonyms are gratuitous word play, many others have not only double meaning but a double edge." Lennon was not only surprised by the positive reception, but that the book was reviewed at all, and suggested that readers "took the book more seriously than I did myself. It just began as a laugh for me".^[215]

In combination with A Spaniard in the Works (1965), In His Own Write formed the basis of the stage play The John Lennon Play: In His Own Write, co-adapted by Victor Spinetti and Adrienne Kennedy. After negotiations between Lennon, Spinetti and the artistic director of the National Theatre, Sir Laurence Olivier, the play opened at the Old Vic in 1968. Lennon and Ono attended the opening night performance, their second public appearance together to date.^[216] After Lennon's death, further works were published, including Skywriting by Word of Mouth (1986); Ai: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes: A Personal Sketchbook (1992), with Lennon's illustrations of the definitions of Japanese words; and Real Love: The Drawings for Sean (1999). The Beatles Anthology (2000) also presented examples of his writings and drawings.

Musicianship [link]

Instruments played [link]

Further information: John Lennon's musical instruments and List of The Beatles' instruments

Lennon's Les Paul Jr.

His playing of a mouth organ during a bus journey to visit his cousin in Scotland caught the driver's ear. Impressed, the driver told Lennon of a harmonica he could have if he came to Edinburgh the following day, where one had been stored in the bus depot since a passenger left it on a bus.^[217] The professional instrument quickly replaced Lennon's toy. He would continue to play harmonica, often using the instrument during The Beatles' Hamburg years, and it became a signature sound in the group's early recordings. His mother taught him how to play the banjo, later buying him an acoustic guitar. At 16, he played rhythm guitar with the Quarrymen.^[218] As his career progressed, he played a variety of electric guitars, predominantly the Rickenbacker 325, Epiphone Casino and Gibson J-160E, and, from the start of his solo career, the Gibson Les Paul Junior.^[219]^[220] Occasionally he played a six-string bass guitar, the Fender Bass VI, providing bass on some Beatles' numbers that occupied McCartney with another instrument.^[221] His other instrument of choice was the piano, on which he composed many songs, including "Imagine", described as his best-known solo work.^[222] His jamming on a piano with McCartney in 1963 led to the creation of The Beatles' first US number one, "I Want to Hold Your Hand".^[223] In 1964, he became one of the first British musicians to acquire a Mellotron keyboard, though it was not heard on a Beatles' recording until "Strawberry Fields Forever" in late 1966.^[224]

Vocal style [link]

When Lennon recorded "Twist and Shout", the final track during the mammoth one-day session that captured the band's 1963 debut album Please Please Me, his voice, already compromised by a cold, came close to giving out. Lennon said, "I couldn't sing the damn thing, I was just screaming."^[225] In the words of biographer Barry Miles, "Lennon simply shredded his vocal cords in the interests of rock 'n' roll."^[226] The Beatles' producer, George Martin, tells how Lennon "had an inborn dislike of his own voice which I could never understand. He was always saying to me: 'DO something with my voice! ... put something on it ... Make it different.'"^[227] Martin obliged, often using double-tracking and other techniques. Music critic Robert Christgau says that Lennon's "greatest vocal performance ... from scream to whine, is modulated electronically ... echoed, filtered, and double tracked."^[228]

As his Beatles' era segued into his solo career, his singing voice found a widening range of expression. Biographer Chris Gregory writes that Lennon was, "tentatively beginning to expose his insecurities in a number of acoustic-led 'confessional' ballads, so beginning the process of 'public therapy' that will eventually culminate in the primal screams of 'Cold Turkey' and the cathartic John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band."^[229] David Stuart Ryan notes Lennon's vocal delivery to range from, "extreme vulnerability, sensitivity and even naivety" to a hard "rasping" style.^[230] Wiener too describes contrasts, saying the singer's voice can be "at first subdued; soon it almost cracks with despair"^[231] Music historian Ben Urish recalls hearing The Beatles' Ed Sullivan Show performance of "This Boy" played on the radio a few days after Lennon's murder: "As Lennon's vocals reached their peak ... it hurt too much to hear him scream with such anguish and emotion. But it was my emotions I heard in his voice. Just like I always had."^[232]

Legacy [link]

John Lennon Peace Monument, Liverpool

Music historians Schinder and Schwartz, writing of the transformation in popular music styles that took place between the 1950s and the 1960s, say that The Beatles' influence cannot be overstated: having "revolutionized the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts", the group then "spent the rest of the 1960s expanding rock's stylistic frontiers".^[233] Liam Gallagher, his group Oasis among the many who acknowledge the band's influence, identifies Lennon as a hero; in 1999 he named his first child Lennon Gallagher in tribute.^[234] On National Poetry Day in 1999, after conducting a poll to identify the UK's favourite song lyric, the BBC announced "Imagine" the winner.^[94]

In a 2006 Guardian article, Jon Wiener wrote: "For young people in 1972, it was thrilling to see Lennon's courage in standing up to [US President] Nixon. That willingness to take risks with his career, and his life, is one reason why people still admire him today."^[235] Whilst for music historians Urish and Bielen, Lennon's most significant effort was "the self-portraits ... in his songs [which] spoke to, for, and about, the human condition."^[236]

Lennon continues to be mourned throughout the world and has been the subject of numerous memorials and tributes. In 2010, on what would have been Lennon's 70th birthday, the John Lennon Peace Monument was unveiled in Chavasse Park, Liverpool, by Cynthia and Julian Lennon.^[237] The sculpture entitled 'Peace & Harmony' exhibits peace symbols and carries the inscription "Peace on Earth for the Conservation of Life · In Honour of John Lennon 1940–1980".

Awards and sales [link]

Statue of Lennon, bespectacled with long hair, on a park bench. There are red flowers in the statue's lap, and numerous trees are visible in the background.

Statue in John Lennon Park, Havana, Cuba

The Lennon–McCartney songwriting partnership is regarded as one of the most influential and successful of the 20th century. As performer, writer or co-writer Lennon has had 25 number one singles on the US Hot 100 chart.^a His album sales in the US stand at 14 million units.^[238] Double Fantasy, released shortly before his death, and his best-selling, post-Beatles' studio album^[239] at three million shipments in the US,^[240] won the 1981 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.^[241] The following year, the BRIT Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music went to Lennon.^[242]

Participants in a 2002 BBC poll voted him eighth of "100 Greatest Britons".^[243] Between 2003 and 2008, Rolling Stone recognised Lennon in several reviews of artists and music, ranking him fifth of "100 Greatest Singers of All Time"^[244] and 38th of "100 Greatest Artists of All Time",^[245] and his albums John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine, 22nd and 76th respectively of "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".^[245]^[246] He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) with the other Beatles in 1965.^[51] He was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987^[247] and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.^[107]

Discography [link]

A statue depicting a young Lennon outside a brick building. Next to the statue are three windows, with two side-by-side above the lower, which bears signage advertising the Cavern pub.

Statue outside the Cavern Club, Liverpool

Main article: John Lennon discography

Notes [link]

^ Note a: Lennon was responsible for 25 Billboard Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer.

Solo (2): "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night", "(Just Like) Starting Over".^[248]
With The Beatles (20): "Can't Buy Me Love", "I Feel Fine", "I Want to Hold Your Hand", "Love Me Do", "She Loves You", "A Hard Day's Night", "Eight Days a Week", "Help!", "Ticket to Ride", "Yesterday", "Paperback Writer", "We Can Work It Out", "All You Need Is Love", "Hello Goodbye", "Penny Lane", "Hey Jude", "Something/"Come Together", "Get Back", "Let It Be", "The Long and Winding Road"/"For You Blue".^[249]
As co-writer of and performer on release by another artist (1): "Fame" (David Bowie).^[250]
As co-writer of releases by other artists (2): "A World Without Love" (Peter and Gordon),^[251] "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (Elton John).^[252]

Citations [link]

^ Harry 2000b, p. 504.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "Julia offered the name in honour of... Winston Churchill".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 24: "The entire Stanley clan gathered nightly at Newcastle Road".
^ Lennon 2005, p. 54: "Until then he had sent her money each month from his wages, but now it stopped".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 26: "In February 1944 ... he was arrested and imprisoned. Freddie subsequently disappeared for six months".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 27.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Alf admitted to her that he had planned to take John to live in New Zealand".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 30: "Julia went out of the door... John ran after her".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 497.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 56: "Hard to see why Mimi wanted John, as she had always said she didn't want children".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "When he was old enough, taught John how to solve crossword puzzles".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 48: "To get them started, she applied the triad to 'Ain't That a Shame'".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Sheff 1981.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 32: "Parkes recalled... Leila and John to the cinema as often as three times a day".
^ Harry 2009.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 702.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 819.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 411.
^ Spitz 2005, pp. 32–33.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 40.
^ ClassReports 2008.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 45.
^ Norman 2008, p. 89.
^ Miles 1997, p. 48.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 100.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 553–555.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 50.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 738.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 95.
^ Spitz 2005, pp. 93–99.
^ Miles 1997, p. 44.
^ Miles 1997, p. 32.
^ Miles 1997, pp. 38–39.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 47.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 337–338.
^ Miles 1997, pp. 47, 50.
^ Miles 1997, pp. 47.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 64.
^ Miles 1997, p. 57.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 53.
^ Miles 1997, pp. 66–67.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 57.
^ The Beatles 2000, p. 67.
^ Frankel 2007.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 721.
^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 24–26: "Twist and Shout, which had to be recorded last because John Lennon had a particularly bad cold".
^ Spitz 2005, p. 376: "He had been struggling all day to reach notes, but this was different, this hurt".
^ Doggett 2010, p. 33.
^ Shennan 2007.
^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 239–240.
^ ^a ^b London Gazette 1965, p. 5488.
^ Coleman 1984a, p. 288.
^ Gould 2008, p. 268.
^ Lawrence 2005, p. 62.
^ The Beatles 2000, p. 171.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 570.
^ Cleave 2007.
^ Gould 2008, pp. 5–6, 249, 281, 347.
^ Brown 1983, p. 222.
^ Gould 2008, p. 319.
^ MacDonald 2005, p. 281.
^ Time 1967.
^ BBC News 2007b.
^ Brown 1983, p. 276.
^ Miles 1997, p. 397.
^ Hoppa 2010.
^ Miles 1997, p. 349-373.
^ Logan 1967.
^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 131.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 31.
^ TelegraphKlein 2010.
^ Miles 1997, p. 549: "Paul never did sign the management contract".
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 276–278.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 774–775.
^ Fawcett 1976, p. 185.
^ Coleman 1984a, p. 279.
^ Coleman 1984a, pp. 48–49.
^ ^a ^b Miles and Badman 2003.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 615–617.
^ ^a ^b Perone 2001, pp. 57–58.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 160–161.
^ Edmondson 2010, pp. 129–130.
^ Spitz 2005, pp. 853–54.
^ Loker 2009, p. 348.
^ Wenner 2000, p. 32.
^ Wenner 2000, p. 24.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 408–410.
^ Blaney 2005, p. 56.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 640–641.
^ Riley 2002, p. 375.
^ Schechter 1997, p. 106.
^ Wiener 1990, p. 157.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 382.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, pp. 382–383.
^ Gerson 1971.
^ Vigilla 2005.
^ Goodman 1984.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 354–356.
^ Peebles 1981, p. 44.
^ Allmusic 2010f.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 960.
^ Wiener 1990, p. 204.
^ ^a ^b BBC News 2006a.
^ Landau 1974.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 979–980.
^ Deming 2008.
^ ^a ^b The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1994.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, pp. 698–699.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 927–929.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 735.
^ The Very Best of Mick Jagger liner notes
^ Badman 2001, 1974.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 284.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 970.
^ The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum 1996.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 240, 563.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 758.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 553.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 166.
^ Bennahum 1991, p. 87.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 814.
^ BBC News 2006b.
^ Schinder & Schwartz 2007, p. 178.
^ Ginell 2009.
^ Badman 2001, 1980.
^ Ingham 2006, p. 82.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 145.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 692.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, pp. 510.
^ CNN.com 2004.
^ BBC News 2010a.
^ Lennon 2005, pp. 17–23.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 21.
^ Lennon 2005, pp. 89–95.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 492–493.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 91.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 493–495.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 113.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 496–497.
^ Warner Brothers 1988.
^ Lennon 2005, p. 305–306: "He had agreed that I should have custody of Julian", "He raised his offer to £100,000".
^ Harry 2000a, p. 232.
^ Harry 2000a, pp. 1165, 1169.
^ Lennon 2005, pp. 94, 119–120.
^ Harry 2000a, p. 1169.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 232.
^ Coleman 1992, pp. 298–299.
^ Norman 2008, p. 503.
^ MacDonald 2005, p. 206.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 517.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 574.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 341.
^ Pang 2008, back cover.
^ Lennon 2005, pp. 252–255.
^ ^a ^b Lennon 2005, p. 258.
^ Times Online 2009.
^ Badman 2003, p. 393.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 682.
^ Miles 1997, p. 272.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 683.
^ Two Virgins liner notes
^ Lennon 1978, p. 183.
^ Spitz 2005, p. 800.
^ Kruse 2009, p. 16.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 276.
^ Coleman 1992, p. 550.
^ Coleman 1984b, p. 64.
^ Emerick & Massey 2006, pp. 279–280.
^ "John & Yoko's New York | Baby Boomers | iStopOver Magazine". Magazine.istopover.com. 16 August 2010. http://magazine.istopover.com/2010/08/16/john-yoko-new-york/. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
^ ^a ^b Harry 2000b, p. 700.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 700–701.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 535, 690.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 535.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 195.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 327.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 934–935.
^ Cohn 2010–2011, p. 95.
^ ^a ^b Seaman 1991, p. 122.
^ Miles and Badman 2003, 1969: "They were ridiculed by the world's media".
^ Anderson 2010, p. 83: "The Bed-In stunt was ridiculed by the press".
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 745–748.
^ Holsinger 1999, p. 389.
^ Wenner 2000, p. 43.
^ Clark 2002.
^ Milmo 2002.
^ McGinty 2010.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 344.
^ Buchanan 2009.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 789–790, 812–813.
^ Glenn 2009.
^ Calkin 2002.
^ Bright 2000.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 403.
^ Ali 2006.
^ Brooks 2005.
^ Wiener 1999, p. 2.
^ BBC News 2000.
^ Wiener 1990, p. 225.
^ Coleman 1992, pp. 576–583.
^ BBC News 2006c.
^ Wiener, Jon. "Bob Dylan's defense of John Lennon". The Nation, 8 October 2010
^ "Photo Copy of Bob Dylan's 1972 Letter to the INS in Defense of John Lennon". Lennonfbifiles.com. http://lennonfbifiles.com/natl_comm_john_yoko/bob_dylan.html. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
^ Wiener 1999, p. 326.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 663.
^ Urish & Bielen 2007, p. 143.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 664.
^ Coleman 1984a, p. 289.
^ Wiener 1999, p. 13.
^ Friedman 2005, p. 252.
^ Wiener 1999, p. 315.
^ ^a ^b Wiener 1999, pp. 52–54, 76.
^ Wiener 1999, p. 27.
^ The Associated Press 2006.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 179–181.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 393–394.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 396–397.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 313.
^ Harry 2000b, pp. 738–740.
^ Prown and Newquist 2003, p. 213.
^ Lawrence 2009, p. 27.
^ Everett 1999, p. 297.
^ Blaney 2005, p. 83.
^ Everett 2001, p. 200.
^ Babiuk 2002, pp. 164–165.
^ Wenner 2000, p. 14.
^ Miles and Badman 2003, p. 90.
^ Coleman 1992, pp. 369–370.
^ Wiener 1990, p. 143.
^ Gregory 2007, p. 75.
^ Ryan 1982, pp. 118, 241.
^ Wiener 1990, p. 35.
^ Urish & Bielen 2007, p. 123.
^ Schinder & Schwartz 2007, p. 160.
^ Harry 2000b, p. 265.
^ Wiener 2006.
^ Urish & Bielen 2007, pp. 121–122.
^ The Telegraph (9 October 2010). "Monument to John Lennon unveiled in Liverpool on his '70th birthday'". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8052634/Monument-to-John-Lennon-unveiled-in-Liverpool-on-his-70th-birthday.html.
^ RIAA 2010b.
^ Greenberg 2010, p. 202.
^ RIAA 2010a.
^ grammy.com.
^ Brit Awards 2010.
^ BBC News 2002.
^ Browne 2008.
^ ^a ^b Rolling Stone 2008.
^ Rolling Stone 2003.
^ Songwriters Hall of Fame 2009.
^ Allmusic 2010a.
^ "Most No. 1s By Artist (All-Time)". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/specials/hot100/charts/most-no1s-overall.shtml. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
^ Allmusic 2010e.
^ Allmusic 2010d.
^ Allmusic 2010c.

References [link]

Ali, Tariq. UK: John Lennon, the FBI and me; 20 December 2006 [cited 18 August 2010].
Allmusic. David Bowie – Billboard Singles [cited 13 November 2010].
Allmusic. Elton John – Billboard Singles [cited 13 November 2010].
Allmusic. John Lennon – Billboard Singles [cited 13 November 2010].
Allmusic. John Lennon Discography, Singles & EPs, Happy Xmas (War is Over) [cited 13 November 2010].
Allmusic. Peter and Gordon – Billboard Singles [cited 13 November 2010].
Allmusic. The Beatles – Billboard Singles [cited 13 November 2010].
Anderson, Jennifer Joline. John Lennon: Legendary Musician & Beatle. Abdo Publishing Company; 2010 [cited 24 July 2011]. ISBN 978-1-60453-790-1.
Babiuk, Andy. Beatles Gear. Backbeat; 2002. ISBN 978-0-87930-731-8.
Badman, Keith. The Beatles Diary, Volume 2 : After the Break-Up, 1970–2001. Omnibus Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-7119-8307-6.
Badman, Keith. The Beatles Off The Record: The Dream Is Over. Omnibus Press; 2003. ISBN 978-0-7119-9199-6.
BBC News. 100 great British heroes; 21 August 2002 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. 1969: Millions march in US Vietnam Moratorium; 15 October 1969 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. Beatles in Bangor [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. Judge releases Lennon letters; 19 February 2000 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. Lennon filmmakers credit campaign; 12 October 2006 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. Lennon ship log book up for sale; 27 March 2006 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. The Lennon–McCartney Songwriting Partnership; 4 November 2005.
BBC News. US chat show veteran Douglas dies; 12 August 2006 [cited 11 May 2010].
BBC News. Lennon killer is denied parole for the sixth time; 7 September 2010 [cited 8 September 2010].
Bennahum, David. The Beatles After the Break-Up: In Their Own Words. Omnibus Press; 1991. ISBN 978-0-7119-2558-8.
Blaney, John. John Lennon: Listen to this Book. Paper Jukebox; 2005. ISBN 978-0-9544528-1-0.
Bright, Martin. UK: Lennon aided IRA, claims MI5 renegade; 20 February 2000 [cited 10 May 2010].
Brooks, Richard. UK: Julian Lennon gives family peace a chance; 13 June 2009 [cited 10 May 2010].
Brooks, Xan. UK: Lennon too stoned to be a revolutionary; 23 September 2005 [cited 22 December 2010].
Brown, Peter. The Love You Make: An Insider's Story of The Beatles. McGraw Hill; 1983. ISBN 0-07-008159-X.
Browne, Jackson. 100 Greatest Singers of All Time; 12 November 2008 [cited 10 September 2010].
Buchanan, Jason. Allmovie. Overview of Twenty to Life: The Life and Times of John Sinclair; 2009 [cited 10 May 2010].
Calkin, Graham. Graham Calkin. Anthology; 2002 [cited 9 December 2010].
Cohen, Claire. UK: Churchill? A troublemaker. Lennon? A useless clown. And as for that girl Thatcher...; 10 January 2008 [cited 7 December 2010].
Cohn, Jonathan. Rolling Stone magazine. The Lost Lennon Tapes; 23 December 2010 – 6 January 2011, Issue 1120/1121.
Cleave, Maureen. UK: The John Lennon I Knew; 10 May 2010 [cited 20 December 2007].
Coleman, Ray. John Winston Lennon. Sidjwick & Jackson; 1984. ISBN 978-0-283-98942-1.
Coleman, Ray. John Ono Lennon: Volume 2 1967–1980. Sidgwick & Jackson; 1984. ISBN 978-0-283-99082-3.
Coleman, Ray. Lennon: The Definitive Biography. Harper; 1992. ISBN 0-06-098608-5.
Deming, Mark. Allmovie. Overview of John Lennon: Live in New York City; 2008 [cited 10 May 2010].
Doggett, Peter. You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup. HarperCollins; 2010. ISBN 978-0-06-177446-1.
Edmondson, Jacqueline. John Lennon: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2010. ISBN 978-0-313-37938-3.
Emerick, Geoff; Massey, Howard. Here, There and Everywhere: My Life Recording the Music of the Beatles. Penguin Books; 2006. ISBN 1-59240-179-1.
Everett, Walter. The Beatles as Musicians: Revolver through the Anthology. Oxford University Press; 1999. ISBN 978-0-19-512941-0.
Everett, Walter. The Beatles as Musicians: The Quarry Men through Rubber Soul. Oxford University Press; 2001. ISBN 0-19-514104-0.
Fawcett, Anthony. John Lennon: One Day at a Time. Evergreen; 1976. ISBN 978-0-394-17754-0.
Frankel, Glenn. Nowhere Man (p4); 26 August 2007 [cited 10 May 2010].
Friedman, John S.. The Secret Histories: Hidden Truths that Challenged the Past and Changed the World. Macmillan; 2005. ISBN 978-0-312-42517-3.
Gerson, Ben. Imagine; 28 October 1971 [cited 12 November 2010].
Ginell, Richard S.. Allmusic. Milk and Honey Review; 2009 [cited 10 May 2010].
Glenn, Alan. The Ann Arbor Chronicle. The Day a Beatle Came to Town; 2009 [cited 9 Dec 2010].
Goldman, Albert Harry. The Lives of John Lennon. Chicago Review Press; 2001. ISBN 978-1-55652-399-1.
Goodman, Joan. Playboy Interview with Paul and Linda McCartney. December 1984. Playboy.
Gould, Jonathan. Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America. Piatkus; 2008. ISBN 978-0-7499-2988-6.
Grammy.com. Grammy Award Winners [cited 28 April 2010].
Gregory, Chris. Who Could Ask For More: Reclaiming The Beatles. The Plotted Plain Press; 2007. ISBN 978-0-9557512-0-2.
Greenberg, Keith Elliot. December 8, 1980: The Day John Lennon Died. Backbeat Books; 2010. ISBN 978-0-87930-963-3.
Harry, Bill. The Beatles Encyclopedia: Revised and Updated. Virgin Publishing; 2000a. ISBN 0-7535-0481-2.
Harry, Bill. The John Lennon Encyclopedia. Virgin; 2000b. ISBN 0-7535-0404-9.
Harry, Bill. Mersey Beat. John Lennon and Blackpool; 2009 [cited 5 December 2010].
Holsinger, M. Paul. War and American popular culture: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1998. Greenwood Publishing Group; 1999. ISBN 978-0-313-29908-7.
Hoppa, Jocelyn. Crawdaddy! Magazine. Celluloid Heroes: John Lennon and How I Won the War; 10 November 2010 [cited 15 November 2010].
Ingham, Chris. The Rough Guide to The Beatles. Rough Guides; 2006. ISBN 978-1-84353-720-5.
Kruse, Robert J. II. Geographies of John and Yoko's 1969 Campaign for Peace: An Intersection of Celebrity, Space, Art,and Activism. In: Johansson, Ola, Bell, Thomas L., editors. Sound, Society and the Geography of Popular Music. Ashgate; 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-7577-8. p. 11–32.

Landau, Jon. Mind games; 3 January 1974 [cited 12 November 2010].
Lawrence, Ken. John Lennon: In His Own Words. Andrews McMeel Publishing; 2005. ISBN 978-0-7407-5477-7.
Lawrence, Robb. The Modern Era of the Les Paul Legacy: 1968–2008. Hal Leonard; 2009. ISBN 978-1-4234-5531-8.
Lennon, Cynthia. A Twist of Lennon. Avon; 1978. ISBN 978-0-380-45450-1.
Lennon, Cynthia. John. Crown Publishers; 2005. ISBN 978-0-307-33855-6.
Lewisohn, Mark. The Beatles Recording Sessions. Harmony Books; 1988. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
Logan, Nick. Magical Mystery Tour. NME (UK). 25 November 1967.
Loker, Bradford E.. History with the Beatles. Dog Ear Publishing; 2009. ISBN 978-1-60844-039-9.
London Gazette (supplement). Most Excellent Order of the British Empire; 4 June 1965 [cited 11 May 2010].
MacDonald, Ian. Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties. Pimlico; 2005. ISBN 1-84413-828-3.
McGinty, Stephen. UK: Jimmy Reid: A working-class hero and the saviour of Clyde yards; 12 August 2010 [cited 18 August 2010].
Miles, Barry. Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. Henry Holt & Company; 1997. ISBN 0-8050-5248-8.
Miles, Barry; Badman, Keith. The Beatles Diary: The Beatles Years. Omnibus Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-7119-8308-3.
Norman, Philip. New York Magazine. A Talk with Yoko; 25 May 1981.
Norman, Philip. John Lennon: The Life. Ecco; 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-075401-3.
Pang, May. Instamatic Karma: Photographs of John Lennon. St. Martin's Press; 2008. ISBN 978-0-312-37741-0.
Peebles, Andy; Lennon, John; Ono, Yoko. The Lennon tapes: John Lennon and Yoko Ono in conversation with Andy Peebles, 6 December 1980. British Broadcasting Corporation; 1981. ISBN 978-0-563-17944-3.
Perone, James E.. Songs of the Vietnam Conflict. Greenwood Publishing Group; 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31528-2.
Prown, Pete; Newquist, Harvey P.. Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists. Hal Leonard; 1997. ISBN 978-0-7935-4042-6.
RIAA. RIAA: Searchable database; 2010 [cited 21 February 2010].
RIAA. RIAA Gold & Platinum Top Selling Artists [cited 5 March 2010].
Roberts, David. Guinness World Records: British Hit Singles (14th Edition). Guinness World Records Limited; 2001. ISBN 0-85156-156-X.
Riley, Tim. Tell me why: a Beatles commentary. Da Capo Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-306-81120-3.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. David Bowie; 1996 [cited 10 May 2010].
The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time; 18 November 2003 [cited 28 April 2010].
100 Greatest Artists of All Time; 12 April 2008 [cited 10 May 2010].
Seaman, Frederic. The Last Days of John Lennon. Birch Lane Press; 1991. ISBN 1-55972-084-0.
Ryan, David Stuart. John Lennon's Secret. Kozmik Press Centre; 1982. ISBN 978-0-905116-08-2.
Schechter, Danny. The More You Watch, the Less You Know: News Wars/Submerged Hopes/Media Adventures. Seven Stories Press; 1997. ISBN 1-888363-80-0.
Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy. Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. Greenwood Press; 2007. ISBN 978-0-313-33845-8.
Sheff, David. Playboy. Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono; January 1981 [archived 25 September 2010; cited 11 November 2010].
Sheff, David; Golson, G. Barry (editor). The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Playboy; 1981. ISBN 978-0-87223-705-6.
Shennan, Paddy. The Liverpool Echo. What will Liz think of these?; 26 November 2007 [cited 10 May 2010].
Spitz, Bob. The Beatles: The Biography. Little, Brown; 2005. ISBN 0-316-80352-9.
Other noises, Other notes; 3 March 1967 [cited 27 November 2010].
The Beatles. The Beatles Anthology. Chronicle Books; 2000. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8.
The Brit Awards. Wins and Nominations by Artist: John Lennon [cited 25 April 2010].
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. John Lennon; 1994 [cited 10 May 2010].
The Telegraph. Celebrity Obituaries – Allen Klein; 5 July 2009 [cited 5 December 2010].
FBI Releases Last Pages From Lennon File; 20 December 2006 [cited 11 May 2010].
Urish, Ben; Bielen, Kenneth G. The Words and Music of John Lennon. Praeger; 2007. ISBN 978-0-275-99180-7.
Vigilla, Hubert. Treble. Album Review : John Lennon – Imagine; 29 August 2005 [cited 10 November 2010].
Wald, Jonathan. CNN. Lennon killer denied parole; 6 October 2004 [cited 11 May 2010].
Warner Brothers. John Lennon: Imagine, Cynthia Lennon Interview (DVD). Warner Brothers. 1988.
Wenner, Jann S. Lennon Remembers. Verso; 2000. ISBN 1-85984-600-9.
Wiener, Jon. Come Together: John Lennon in His Time. University of Illinois Press; 1990. ISBN 978-0-252-06131-8.
Wiener, Jon. Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files. University of California Press; 1999. ISBN 0-520-22246-6.
Wiener, Jon. UK: He didn't have to do it. That's one reason he's still admired; 19 December 2006 [cited 18 August 2010].

External links [link]

	Book: John Lennon
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Lennon

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Lennon

John Lennon at The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
John Lennon discography at MusicBrainz
John Lennon at the Internet Movie Database
BBC Archive on John Lennon
NPR Archive on John Lennon
John Lennon and Yoko Ono – slideshow by Life magazine
John Lennon hosted by EMI Group Limited
Unveiling of 'Peace & Harmony', European Peace Monument – Dedicated to John Lennon

John Lennon

Studio albums

With Yoko Ono

Unfinished Music No.1: Two Virgins
Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions
Wedding Album
Some Time in New York City
Double Fantasy
Milk and Honey
Double Fantasy Stripped Down

Live albums

Live Peace in Toronto 1969 (with Yoko Ono)
Live in New York City
Live Jam (with Yoko Ono)

Compilations

Soundtracks

Box sets

Books

Films

How I Won the War (1967)
Two Virgins (1968)
No. 5 (1968)
Honeymoon (1969)
Freedom (1970)
Fly (1970)
Legs (1970)
Apotheosis (1970)
Erection (1971)
Imagine (1972)
Dynamite Chicken (1972)
Oh! Calcutta! (1972)
John and Yoko: A Love Story (1985)
Imagine: John Lennon (1988)
Two of Us (2000)
In His Life: The John Lennon Story (2000)
The U.S. vs. John Lennon (2006)
The Killing of John Lennon (2006)
Chapter 27 (2007)
I Met the Walrus (2007)
Nowhere Boy (2009)
Lennon Naked (2010)

Family

Alfred Lennon (father)
Julia Lennon (mother)
Mimi Smith (aunt)
George Smith (uncle)
Julia Baird (half-sister)
Cynthia Lennon (1st wife)
Julian Lennon (1st son)
Yoko Ono (2nd wife)
Sean Lennon (2nd son)

People	The Beatles Lennon–McCartney George Harrison May Pang Harry Nilsson John Sinclair Rosaura Lopez Frederic Seaman Plastic Ono Band Mark David Chapman

Media	The Lost Lennon Tapes Come Together: A Night for John Lennon's Words and Music (concert) ROOTS: John Lennon Sings The Great Rock & Roll Hits Pussy Cats Working Class Hero: A Tribute to John Lennon Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur The 30th Annual John Lennon Tribute: Live from the Beacon Theatre, NYC A Toot and a Snore in '74 Lennon (musical) Lennon Legend: The Very Best of John Lennon (DVD) The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus

Articles	Assassination 251 Menlove Avenue Bagism Liverpool John Lennon Airport More popular than Jesus John Lennon Museum The Immigrant Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny) Songwriting Contest

The Beatles

v t e The Beatles

John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Stuart Sutcliffe Pete Best

History	The Quarrymen In Hamburg At The Cavern Club Decca audition Beatlemania in the United Kingdom North American releases In the United States In 1966 More popular than Jesus The studio years In India Breakup Death of John Lennon Reunions Anthology Love (Cirque du Soleil) The Beatles: Rock Band Line-ups Religious beliefs Timeline

Filmography and videography	A Hard Day's Night Help! Magical Mystery Tour Yellow Submarine Let It Be The Beatles: The First U.S. Visit The Beatles at Shea Stadium The Compleat Beatles The Beatles Anthology All Together Now

Live performances	Winter 1963 Helen Shapiro UK Tour 1964 world tour 1965 European tour 1965 US tour 1966 US tour List of live performances

Associated places	34 Montagu Square, Marylebone Abbey Road Abbey Road Studios The Bag O'Nails Beatlemania Hamburg Beatles-Platz Blue Angel The Casbah Coffee Club Candlestick Park The Cavern Club Kaiserkeller Kinfauns Savile Row Scotch of St James Stanley Street The Star-Club Strawberry Field Tittenhurst Park The Top Ten Club Wigmore Street Yellow Submarine sculpture

Associated companies	Apple Corps Apple Records Harrisongs Lingasong Records MPL Communications Northern Songs Parlophone Phillips' Sound Recording Services Seltaeb Sony/ATV Music Publishing Startling Music

Influence	Artists who have covered The Beatles Beatlemania British Invasion Fifth Beatle Influence on popular culture Jeff Lynne and The Beatles Recording technology The Rutles Tributes

Lists	Awards and nominations Bootlegs Cover songs Discography Instruments Post-breakup collaborations Record sales Recording sessions Songs Sgt. Pepper cover

Related articles	Apple Corps v Apple Computer Apple scruffs Beatle boots The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles Anthology (book) Beatles Day The Beatles Tapes from the David Wigg Interviews The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes The Ed Sullivan Show How I Won the War In My Life Lennon–McCartney Paul is dead Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film) Up Against It

Book Category Portal WikiProject

v t e People associated with The Beatles

Personnel	Neil Aspinall Dave Dexter, Jr. Geoff Emerick Mal Evans Glyn Johns Bert Kaempfert Jeff Lynne Magic Alex Ken Mansfield George Martin Giles Martin Phil McDonald Ken Scott Norman Smith Phil Spector Alistair Taylor Chris Thomas Ken Townsend

Businessmen	Peter Bennett Sid Bernstein Peter Brown Lee Eastman Brian Epstein Dick James Allen Klein Larry Parnes Allan Williams

Musicians	Eric Clapton The Dirty Mac Donovan Bob Dylan Johnny Gentle Nicky Hopkins Johnny Hutchinson Mick Jagger Brian Jones Jim Keltner David Mason Tommy Moore Chas Newby Jimmie Nicol Harry Nilsson Peter and Gordon Plastic Ono Band Billy Preston Ronnie Scott Ravi Shankar Tony Sheridan Rory Storm and the Hurricanes Andy White

Writers	Tony Barrow Ray Connolly Hunter Davies Mark Lewisohn Alan W. Pollack Bruce Spizer Derek Taylor

Girlfriends / wives	Jane Asher Pattie Boyd Astrid Kirchherr Cynthia Lennon Linda McCartney Yoko Ono Francie Schwartz Maureen Starkey

Parents / guardians	Mona Best Alfred Lennon Julia Lennon Jim and Mary McCartney George Smith Mimi Smith

Other	Bill Harry Ken Brown George Dunning Horst Fascher The Fool Robert Freeman Bruno Koschmider Richard Lester Murray the K Pete Shotton Ivan Vaughan Jürgen Vollmer Klaus Voormann Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

v t e The Beatles album discography

Albums in the core catalogue are marked in bold.

Studio albums	Please Please Me With The Beatles A Hard Day's Night Beatles for Sale Help! Rubber Soul Revolver Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band The Beatles Yellow Submarine Abbey Road Let It Be

US albums	Introducing... The Beatles Meet The Beatles! The Beatles' Second Album Something New The Beatles' Story Beatles '65 The Early Beatles Beatles VI Yesterday and Today Magical Mystery Tour Hey Jude

Canadian albums	Beatlemania! With The Beatles Twist and Shout The Beatles' Long Tall Sally

Extended plays	Twist and Shout The Beatles' Hits The Beatles (No. 1) All My Loving Souvenir of Their Visit to America Four by The Beatles Long Tall Sally Extracts from the Film A Hard Day's Night Extracts from the Album A Hard Day's Night 4-by The Beatles Beatles for Sale Beatles for Sale (No. 2) The Beatles' Million Sellers Yesterday Nowhere Man Magical Mystery Tour

Live albums	The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl Live at the BBC

Compilations	The Beatles' Christmas Album / From Then to You Past Masters Anthology vol. 1 2 3

Remixes	Yellow Submarine Songtrack Let It Be... Naked Love

Box sets	The Beatles Collection The Beatles: The Collection The Beatles Box The Beatles Box Set The Capitol Albums vol. 1 2 The Beatles in Mono The Beatles Stereo Box Set

v t e The Beatles compilation discography

Bert Kaempfert recordings (with Tony Sheridan)	My Bonnie (GER, 1962) The Beatles with Tony Sheridan & Guests (1964) Ain't She Sweet (1964) The Beatles' First (GER, 1964 / UK, 1967) Very Together (1969) In the Beginning (Circa 1960) (1970) The Early Tapes of The Beatles (1984) Beatles Bop – Hamburg Days (2001)

Hits	A Collection of Beatles Oldies (1966) 1962–1966 (1973) 1967–1970 (1973) 20 Greatest Hits (1982) The Number Ones (AUS, 1983) 1 (2000)

Themes	Rock 'n' Roll Music (1976) Love Songs (1977) The Beatles' Ballads (1980) Reel Music (1982)

Non-album tracks	Hey Jude (US, 1970 / UK, 1979) Rarities (UK, 1978) Rarities (US, 1980) Past Masters, Volume One (1988) Past Masters, Volume Two (1988)

Alternative versions	Yellow Submarine Songtrack (1999) Let It Be... Naked (2003)

Other	The Beatles in Italy (ITA, 1965) The Beatles' Christmas Album (US) / From Then to You (UK) (1970) Por Siempre Beatles (ARG, 1971) Love (2006)

Unreleased	Sessions (due date 1985)

Live albums	Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962 (1977) The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (1977) First Live Recordings (1979) Live at the BBC (1994)

Anthology	Anthology 1 (1995) Anthology 2 (1996) Anthology 3 (1996)

Boxed sets	The Beatles Collection (UK, 1978 / US, 1979) The Beatles Box (1980) The Beatles: The Collection (1982) The Beatles Mono Collection (1982) The Beatles Box Set (1988) The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 (2004) The Capitol Albums, Volume 2 (2006) The Beatles Stereo Box Set (2009) The Beatles in Mono (2009)

The Beatles singles discography

UK and US
(all labels)

1963	"Please Please Me" / "Ask Me Why" "From Me to You" / "Thank You Girl" "She Loves You" / "I'll Get You" "I Want to Hold Your Hand" / "This Boy" (UK) - "I Saw Her Standing There" (US)

1964	"Can't Buy Me Love" / "You Can't Do That" "A Hard Day's Night" / "Things We Said Today" (UK) - "I Should Have Known Better" (US) "I Feel Fine" / "She's a Woman"

1965	"Ticket to Ride" / "Yes It Is" "Help!" / "I'm Down" "We Can Work It Out" / "Day Tripper"

1966	"Paperback Writer" / "Rain" "Yellow Submarine" / "Eleanor Rigby"

1967	"Penny Lane" / "Strawberry Fields Forever" "All You Need Is Love" / "Baby, You're a Rich Man" "Hello, Goodbye" / "I Am the Walrus"

1968	"Lady Madonna" / "The Inner Light" "Hey Jude" / "Revolution"

1969	"Get Back" / "Don't Let Me Down" "The Ballad of John and Yoko" / "Old Brown Shoe" "Something" / "Come Together"

1970	"Let It Be" / "You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)"

1978	"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band/With a Little Help from My Friends" / "A Day in the Life"

1995	"Free as a Bird" / "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)"

1996	"Real Love" / "Baby's in Black"

UK only
(Parlophone,
Apple)

1962	"My Bonnie" / "The Saints" "Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You"

1964	"Ain't She Sweet" / "If You Love Me, Baby"

1976	"Yesterday" / "I Should Have Known Better" "Back in the U.S.S.R." / "Twist and Shout"

US only
(Vee-Jay, Swan,
Tollie, Capitol,
Apple)

1964	"Twist and Shout" / "There's a Place" "Do You Want to Know a Secret" / "Thank You Girl" "Love Me Do" / "P.S. I Love You "She Loves You" / "I'll Get You" "I'll Cry Instead" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You" "And I Love Her" / "If I Fell" "Matchbox" / "Slow Down"

1965	"Eight Days a Week" / "I Don't Want to Spoil the Party" "Yesterday" / "Act Naturally"

1966	"Nowhere Man" / "What Goes On"

1970	"The Long and Winding Road" / "For You Blue"

1976	"Got to Get You into My Life" / "Helter Skelter" "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" / "Julia"

1982	"The Beatles Movie Medley" / "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You"

v t e Grammy Award for Song of the Year (1959 & 1960s)

1959 Domenico Modugno - "Volare" 1960 Jimmy Driftwood - "The Battle of New Orleans" 1961 Ernest Gold - "Theme from Exodus" 1962 Johnny Mercer & Henry Mancini - "Moon River" 1963 Leslie Bricusse & Anthony Newley - "What Kind of Fool Am I?" 1964 Johnny Mercer & Henry Mancini - "Days of Wine and Roses" 1965 Jerry Herman - "Hello, Dolly!" 1966 Paul Francis Webster & Johnny Mandel - "The Shadow of Your Smile" 1967 John Lennon & Paul McCartney - "Michelle" 1968 Jimmy Webb - "Up, Up, and Away" 1969 Bobby Russell - "Little Green Apples"

Complete list (1960s) (1970s) (1980s) (1990s) (2000s) (2010s)

Grammy Award for Album of the Year (1959–1969)

Year

Album

Artist(s)

Producer(s)

1959

The Music from Peter Gunn

Henry Mancini

1960

Come Dance with Me!

Frank Sinatra

1961

The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart

Bob Newhart

1962

Judy at Carnegie Hall

Judy Garland

1963

The First Family

Vaughn Meader

1964

The Barbra Streisand Album

Barbra Streisand

1965

Getz/Gilberto

Stan Getz, João Gilberto

1966

September of My Years

Frank Sinatra

Sonny Burke

1967

A Man and His Music

Frank Sinatra

Sonny Burke

1968

Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

The Beatles (George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr)

George Martin

1969

By the Time I Get to Phoenix

Glen Campbell

Al De Lory

Grammy Award for Album of the Year (1980s)

Year

Album

Artist(s)

Producer(s)

1980

52nd Street

Billy Joel

Phil Ramone

1981

Christopher Cross

Christopher Cross

Michael Omartian

1982

Double Fantasy

John Lennon and Yoko Ono

Jack Douglas, John Lennon, Yoko Ono

1983

Toto IV

Toto (Bobby Kimball, Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, David Hungate, Steve Porcaro)

Toto

1984

Thriller

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones

1985

Can't Slow Down

Lionel Richie

James Anthony Carmichael, Lionel Richie

1986

No Jacket Required

Phil Collins

Hugh Padgham, Phil Collins

1987

Graceland

Paul Simon

Roy Halee, Paul Simon

1988

The Joshua Tree

U2 (Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr.)

Brian Eno, Daniel Lanois

1989

Faith

George Michael

Authority control: PND: 118571575 | LCCN: n80017868 | VIAF: 196844 | WorldCat

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Persondata
Name	Lennon, John
Alternative names	Lennon, John Winston (birth name); Lennon, John Winston Ono
Short description	Rock musician
Date of birth	9 October 1940
Place of birth	Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
Date of death	8 December 1980
Place of death	New York City, New York, United States of America

Make changes yourself !

Contents

Related pages:

Contents

Related pages: