Name	Man'yōgana万葉仮名
Type	Syllabary
Languages	Japanese and Okinawan
Time	ca 650 CE to ?
Fam1	Oracle Bone Script
Fam2	Seal Script
Fam3	Clerical Script
Fam4	Regular script
Sisters	Contemporary kanji
Children	Hiragana, katakana

is an ancient writing system that employs Chinese characters to represent the Japanese language. The date of the earliest usage of this type of kana is not clear, but it was in use since at least the mid seventh century. The name "man'yōgana" is from the Man'yōshū, a Japanese poetry anthology from the Nara period written in man'yōgana. __TOC__

Origin

The oldest example of Man'yōgana is the Inariyama Sword, an iron sword excavated at the Inariyama Kofun in 1968. In 1978, X-ray analysis revealed a gold-inlaid inscription consisting of more than 115 Chinese characters that were used as Man'yōgana. This sword is thought to have been made in year of 辛亥年 (which is 471 C.E. in commonly accepted theory).including archaic and proposed syllabograms ! !title="vowel"| –!!colspan=2|K!!S!!colspan=2|T!!N!!H!!M!!Y!!R!!W |- !rowspan=2|a |||colspan=2|||||colspan=2||||||||||||| |- |ア||colspan=2|カ||サ||colspan=2|タ||ナ||ハ||マ||ヤ||ラ||ワ |- !rowspan=2|i ||||||||||colspan=2||||||||||||| |- |イ||colspan=2|キ||シ||colspan=2|チ||ニ||ヒ||ミ||||リ||ヰ |- !rowspan=2|u |||colspan=2||||||||||||||||||| |- |ウ||colspan=2|ク||ス||colspan=2|ツ||ヌ||フ||ム||ユ||ル||于 |- !rowspan=2|e |||colspan=2|||||colspan=2||||||||||||| |- |エ||colspan=2|ケ||セ||colspan=2|テ||ネ||ヘ||メ||||レ||ヱ |- !rowspan=2|o |||colspan=2|||||colspan=2||||||||||||| |- |オ||colspan=2|コ||ソ||colspan=2|ト||ノ||ホ||モ||ヨ||ロ||ヲ |- !rowspan=2 title="consonant"|– | ||colspan=2| || ||colspan=2| || || || || || || |- | ||colspan=2| || ||colspan=2| ||ン || || || || || |}

See also

Idu script

References

External links

List of man'yōgana

Manyogana Manyogana Category:Nara period Category:Asuka period

Name	Rahul Gandhi
Imagesize	150px
Birth date	June 19, 1970
Birth place	New Delhi, Delhi, India
Residence	New Delhi, Delhi, India
Official status	National Students Union of India (NSUI) and the Youth Congress.
Constituency	Amethi , Uttar Pradesh
Office	Member of Parliament and General Secretary of the Indian National Congress
Alma mater	Rollins CollegeTrinity College, Cambridge
Religion
Term start	2004
Nationality	Indian
Spouse	None
Party	Indian National Congress

Rahul Gandhi (; ; born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the Parliament of India, representing the Amethi constituency. He also traveled to Pakistan on a goodwill visit to watch the first cricket series between the countries in 14 years in a One Day International with his sister Priyanka Gandhi.

In March 2004, he announced his entry into politics by announcing that he would contest the May 2004 elections, standing for his father's former constituency of Amethi in Uttar Pradesh in the Lok Sabha, India's lower house of Parliament. His candidacy was greeted with excitement by locals, who had a long standing affinity with the family's presence in the area. , Politician of Indian National Congress He won with a landslide majority, retaining the family stronghold with a margin of over 100,000 as the Congress unexpectedly defeated the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.

2009 elections

In the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, he retained his Amethi constituency by defeating his nearest rival by a margin of over 333,000 votes. In these elections congress is said to have revived itself in Uttar Pradesh by winning 21 out of the total 80 Lok Sabha seats and the majority of the credit for this turnaround is given to Rahul Gandhi. In 1992 the media confronted the Russian government with the Albats disclosure. The Russian government confirmed the veracity of the disclosure and defended it as necessary for "Soviet ideological interest."

Niira Radia tapes

In secretly taped recordings released in November 2010, Rahul Gandhi's name comes up in a conversation between lobbyist Niira Radia and Mani Shankar Aiyar, a Congress Party politician. Aiyar can be heard to say that "... wo Daya kaa aur Rahul ko kuch business interest hai toh (If Daya and Rahul have a business interest then) that always is an issue ..." (in Ministers' portfolio allocations). However previously, The Hindu newspaper had reported that according to "a senior" Indian diplomat there had been no involvement by the Indian envoy to the US in the matter.

Education

Gandhi's legal affairs team responded, when Newsweek alleged in late-2006 that he had not completed his degrees at Harvard and Cambridge or kept his job at the Monitor Group, by issuing a legal notice, following which the news outlet hastily retracted or qualified their earlier statements. He left the college in 1990, after one year of education.

His statement that during his year-long stay at St Stephen's, students who asked questions in class “were looked down upon” evoked a strict denial from the college. He said that when he was studying at St Stephen’s College, asking a question was not (perceived to be) good in our class and one was looked down upon if you asked too many questions. Teachers at the college said Gandhi’s statement could at best be “his personal experience” and not a grounds for generalization of the academic environment at St Stephen’s.

Family issue

During the Uttar Pradesh election campaign in 2007, he said that "if anyone from the Gandhi-Nehru family had been active in politics then, the Babri Masjid would not have fallen". This was interpreted as an attack on P.V. Narasimha Rao, the Prime Minister who headed the Congress-led government during the demolition of the mosque in 1992. Gandhi's statement triggered a controversy with some members of BJP, the Samajwadi Party and the Left, who variously dubbed him as both "anti-Hindu" and "anti-Muslim".

His remarks on members of India's independence movement and the Nehru-Gandhi family have been criticized by BJP leader Venkaiah Naidu who asked "Will the Gandhi family take responsibility for imposition of emergency?"

Comparison of RSS and SIMI

Mr.Rahul Gandhi has been consistent in his criticism of right-wing groups like the RSS and SIMI throughout his career, a view that has bought him accolades as well as criticism. On 6 October 2010, while on a tour of Madhya Pradesh, he outlined that according to him, the RSS and the Students Islamic Movement of India were the same and that both held fundamentalist views. The basis for Rahul's comments was the media reports and investigation agencies finding links between the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh with bomb blasts in the Mecca Masjid and Ajmer dargah.

The BJP has criticized him for equating these organizations, claiming that they are motivated by hostility towards Hindus and a desire to obtain votes from extremist Muslim leaders in India. His supporters and sympathizers have defended the statements made by Rahul Gandhi pointing out to allegations of involvement of the RSS related groups in recent incidents in Malegaon and Ajmer.

See also

Political Families of The World

References

External links

A Nice Boy to Know (Really) - Outlook article

Profile at Govt. of India website

Category:Indian National Congress politicians Category:Nehru–Gandhi family Category:14th Lok Sabha members Category:15th Lok Sabha members Category:Dosco Category:Harvard University alumni Category:People from New Delhi Category:Rollins College alumni Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:Children of Prime Ministers of India Category:Indian people of Italian descent Category:University of Delhi alumni

Name	Sergei Govorkov
Caption
First	His Nickname Is 'Beast' (1989)
Last	Return of the Furious (2005)
Nickname	30th
Alias	Beast, Rex, Furious
Title	Sergeant
Portrayer	Igor Livanov (1992 film)Dmitry Pevtsov (1989 film)
Creator	Victor Dotsenko

Sergeant Sergei (Rex) Govorkov (nicknamed Furious) is a fictional character in the 1992 Soviet action/adventure film Terminate the Thirtieth!, played by Igor Livanov. He is arguably a breakout character. The movie is based on the same-titled novel by Victor Dotsenko. Govorkov, created by Victor Dotsenko in 1980s, is a main protagonist in the novels of other well-known Russian writers including Yuri Nikitin, Anton Pervushin, Valery Roschin, Kirill Vorobyev. Novels about his adventures made Victor Dotsenko the most published and highest paid Russian writer in 1995. In them his character got to know many prominent Russian politicians and officials, who later became personal friends of Dotsenko in reality (for example, the mayor of Moscow, Yury Luzhkov). Overall Dotsenko has written 25 books about Govorkov or about gaps in his fictional biography (for instance, An Appeal to Furious). Dotsenko even calles himself Furious's Father (). Today, the total number of books sold about Govorkov's adventures remains unknown. The approximate number is 20,000,000 from 1991 to 2001, which includes books with different covers and by other authors as well as unlicensed books. Some of them have been translated into English.

Short description

Sergei Govorkov is a fictional character, created by Victor Dotsenko, returnee of the Afghan war, who fights the Mafia in the manner of a superhero or Rambo. He fights mafia criminals, corrupt politicians, Chechen terrorists, and foreign enemies, saving President Yeltsin and receives a Purple Heart from US authorities.

In the novels his name is Savely – a rare Russian name, which was changed to relatively sounding, more common and catchy. He appeared in more than twenty novels, all of them became a bestsellers.

Fictional character biography

Sergei was brought up in an orphanage, VDV and Spetsnaz Sergeant, martial arts sensei's best trainee, Afghan vet, after being retired he was convicted for a crime he didn't commit, became a prisoner, then an escapee and fugitive from justice, later considered not guilty, back in the Afghan, MIA, then became a POW, during his escape he came into a copter crash, badly wounded and healed by some Pakistani Zoroastrian sect which later initiated him as adept. And by the time depicted in the beginning of "Terminate the Thirtieth!", he's just a lonely drifter in some oriental country , completely out of money, applying for any kind of job and attempting to sold his war decorations to prevent himself from starvation death. His friend Cpt. Voronov (or '11th'), which also became missing in action during the Afghan campaign, is his only relative - they grew up together in the orphanage.

Complicated tangle, eh? And there is no wonder that KGB, Russian mob and Mujahideen wants him dead or alive. Finally he came back in the USSR, but now it's not the same Country he had left a years ago. New trends, new ideas, new liberties are in the air.

Meaning of the "30th"

30th is a chest-badge number, which is a heritage from his previous owner, killed in the beginning of the novel "Terminate the Thirtieth!"

Victor Dotsenko "Terminate the Thirtieth!":

Other facts

Unlike the novel, the film contains no sex scenes, which are frequent in the novel. Despite, its having been shot shortly after the 'Glasnost' period, sexploitation on the screen was widespread and encouraged. A vast majority of the initiated audience, mostly VDV and Spetsnaz servicemen considered the movie quieter, more interesting and related to reality. This is because Dotsenko, who was Director as well, has used military consultants. Also, actor Igor Livanov, who portrayed the '30th', served active duty in Soviet marine troops, and was well-experienced in martial arts. A "Kill the Thirtieth" novel took the 9th position in the 1992' The Economist chart. After the 1992' film, there were events, when people change their original name to character's one.

See also

VDV

Spetsnaz

Further reading

Adele Marie Barker "Consuming Russia: popular culture, sex, and society since Gorbachev". Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 1999 - 473 p. ISBN 0822323133, 9780822323136 (Page 188)

Birgit Beumers "Pop culture Russia!: media, arts, and lifestyle". Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, 2005 - 399 p. ISBN 1851094598, 9781851094592 (Page 300)

Eliot Borenstein "Overkill: sex and violence in contemporary Russian popular culture". Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2008 - 265 p. ISBN 0801474035, 9780801474033

Michael L. Bressler "Understanding contemporary Russia". Boulder : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009 - 423 p. ISBN 1588265862, 9781588265869 (Page 371)

Anna Brodsky, Mark Naumovich Lipovetskiĭ, Marina Kanevskaya, Sven Spieker "The imprints of terror: the rhetoric of violence and the violence of rhetoric in modern Russian culture". Gesellschaft zur Förderung slawistischer Studien, 2006 - 290 p. ISBN 3876909791, 9783876909790 (Page 121)

Anthony Olcott "Russian pulp: the detektiv and the Russian way of crime". Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001 - 207 p. ISBN 0742511405, 9780742511408 (Pages 33,145,191,202)

"Russian studies in literature", vol. 36. Periodical. Armonk, NY : M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2000. ISSN: 1061-1975

"The Soviet and post-Soviet review", vol. 29. Periodical. Salt Lake City, UT : College of Humanities, University of Utah, 2002. ISSN: 1075-1262

References

Category:Fictional sergeants Category:Fictional Spetsnaz personnel Category:Fictional war veterans Category:Fictional mercenaries Category:Fictional private military members Category:Characters in Russian novels of the 20th century Category:Russian characters in written fiction