Robert Longo (born January 7, 1953) is an American painter and sculptor. Longo became famous in the 1980s for his "Men in the Cities" series, which depicted sharply dressed businessmen writhing in contorted emotion.^[1]

Early life and education[link]

Robert Longo was born in 1953 in Brooklyn, New York and raised in Long Island. He had a childhood fascination with mass media: movies, television, magazines, and comic books, which continue to influence his art.

Longo began college at the University of North Texas, in the town of Denton, but left before getting a degree. He later studied sculpture under Leonda Finke, who encouraged him to pursue a career in the visual arts. In 1972, Longo received a grant to study at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence, Italy. Upon his return to New York, Longo enrolled at Buffalo State College, where he received a BFA in 1975. While at Buffalo State, he studied under, and was likely influenced by art professor Joseph Piccillo. At this time he was associated with artist Cindy Sherman, who was also studying art at Buffalo State.

While in college, Longo and his friends established an avant garde art gallery in their co-op building, the Essex Art Center, which was originally a converted ice factory; the gallery became Hallwalls Contemporary Art Center. Through his gallery efforts, Longo met many local and New York City artists. Longo eventually moved to New York City to join the underground art scene of the 1970s.

Artwork[link]

Although he studied sculpture, drawing remained Longo's favorite form of self-expression. However, the sculptural influence pervades his drawing technique, as Longo's "portraits" have a distinctive chiseled line that seems to give the drawings a three-dimensional quality. Longo uses graphite like clay, molding it to create images like the writhing, dancing figures in his seminal "Men in the Cities" series. One drawing from this series was used as the album cover to Glenn Branca's album "The Ascension".^[2]

Working on themes of power and authority, Longo produced a series of blackened American flags ("Black Flags" 1989–91) as well as oversized hand guns ("Bodyhammers" 1993–95). From 1995 to 1996 he worked on his "Magellan" project, 366 drawings (one per day) that formed an archive of the artist's life and surrounding cultural images. "Magellan" was followed by 2002's "Freud Drawings", which reinterpreted Edmund Engelman's famous documentary images of Sigmund Freud's flat, moments before his flight from the Nazis. In 2002 and 2004 he presented "Monsters", Bernini-esque renderings of massive breaking waves and "The Sickness of Reason", baroque renderings of atomic bomb blasts. "Monsters" was included in the 2004 Whitney Biennial.

Longo had major retrospective exhibitions at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1989 and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in 1990, a touring exhibition throughout Japan in 1995, and more recently a "Survey Exhibition 1980-2009," at Musee D'Art Moderne Et D'Art Contemporain de Nice in France in 2009 and at Museu Colecção Berardo in Lisbon, Portugal in 2010.

To create works such as Barbara and Ralph, Longo projects photographs of his subjects onto paper and traces the figures in graphite, removing all details of the background. After he records the basic contours, his long-time illustrator, Diane Shea, works on the figure for about a week, filling in the details. Next, Longo goes back into the drawing, using graphite and charcoal to provide "all the cosmetic work".^[3] Longo continues to work on the drawing, making numerous adjustments until it is completed about a week later.

Other media[link]

In the 1980s, Longo directed several music videos, including New Order's "Bizarre Love Triangle", Megadeth's "Peace Sells" and "The One I Love" by R.E.M. He is responsible for the front covers of Glenn Branca's The Ascension from 1981 and The Replacements' 1985 album Tim,^[4] while his work has inspired others such as Circlesquare's music video "Dancers".^{[citation needed]}

He also directed the cyberpunk movie Johnny Mnemonic, starring Keanu Reeves, Dolph Lundgren and Takeshi Kitano, and a short film named Arena Brains. At the time, Longo was quoted as saying, "making a painting is one thing, but making a film kicks your ass." During the late 1980s and early 1990s Longo developed a number of performance art theatre pieces, such as "Marble Fog" and "Killing Angels", collaborating with Stuart Argabright, the guitarist Chuck Hammer and Douglas Sloan (filmmaker).

He was the leader and guitarist of a musical act called Robert Longo's Menthol Wars, which performed punk experimental music in New York rock clubs in the late 1970s. During the same period, he also performed with Rhys Chatham in Chatham's Guitar Trio, producing a series of slowly fading slides entitled Pictures for Music", which was played behind the musicians.

His work from the "Men in Cities" series is also prominently displayed in the apartment of fictional character Patrick Bateman in the film of American Psycho.

Personal life[link]

He married German actress Barbara Sukowa in 1994.^[5]

References[link]

• Peter R. Kalb (January 2003). "Robert Longo at Metro Pictures - New York - "Monsters" drawing exhibition". Art in America. 
• Experimental TV Center Video History Project. "Hallwalls (1974-Present)". http://www.experimentaltvcenter.org/history/groups/gtext.php3?id=37. 

External links[link]

• Official website
• Robert Longo Artwork at Brooke Alexander Gallery
• Robert Longo at the Internet Movie Database

Richard Price
Portrait of Richard Price, engraving by T. Holloway after a painting by Benjamin West.
Born	23 February 1723 Tynton, Llangeinor, Glamorgan, Wales
Died	19 April 1791 Newington Green, London, England

Richard Price (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a Welsh moral philosopher and preacher in the tradition of English Dissenters, and a political pamphleteer, active in radical, republican, and liberal causes such as the American Revolution. He fostered connections between a large number of people, including writers of the Constitution of the United States. He spent most of his adult life as minister of Newington Green Unitarian Church, where possibly the congregant he most influenced was early feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, who extended his ideas on the egalitarianism inherent in the spirit of the French Revolution to encompass women's rights as well. In addition to his work as a moral and political philosopher, he also wrote on issues of statistics and finance, and was inducted into the Royal Society for these contributions.

Early career[link]

52–55 Newington Green, including the houses of Price and Rogers. This is the oldest brick terrace in London.

Price was born in Tynton, Llangeinor, Glamorgan, the son of a Dissenting minister. Educated privately and at a dissenting academy in London, he became chaplain and companion to a Mr Streatfield at Stoke Newington, then a village just north of London but now considered part of Inner London. Streatfield's death and that of an uncle in 1757 improved his circumstances, and on 16 June 1757 he married Sarah Blundell, originally of Belgrave in Leicestershire. The following year they moved to Newington Green, and took up residence in No. 54 the Green, in the middle of a terrace even then a hundred years old. (The building still survives as London's oldest brick terrace, dated 1658.)

Friends and associates[link]

In that house, or the church itself, he was visited by Founding Fathers of the United States such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine; other American politicians such as John Adams, who later became the second president of the United States, and his wife Abigail; British politicians such as Lord Lyttleton, the Earl of Shelburne, Earl Stanhope (known as "Citizen Stanhope"), and even the Prime Minister William Pitt ; philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith; agitators such as prison reformer John Howard, gadfly John Horne Tooke, and husband and wife John and Ann Jebb, who between them campaigned on expansion of the franchise, opposition to the war with America, support for the French Revolution, abolitionism, and an end to legal discrimination against Roman Catholics; writers such as poet and banker Samuel Rogers;^[1] and clergyman-mathematician Thomas Bayes, of Bayes' theorem.

Price was fortunate in forming close friendships amongst his neighbours and congregants. One was Thomas Rogers, father of the above-named Samuel Rogers, a merchant turned banker who had married into a long-established Dissenting family and lived at No. 56 the Green. More than once, Price and the elder Rogers rode on horseback to Wales.^[2] Another was the Rev. James Burgh, author of The Dignity of Human Nature and Thoughts on Education, who opened his Dissenting Academy on the green in 1750 and sent his pupils to Price's sermons.^[3] Price, Rogers, and Burgh formed a dining club, eating at each other's houses in rotation.^[4]

And there were many at a distance who acknowledged their debt to Price, such as the Unitarian theologians William Ellery Channing and Theophilus Lindsey, and the formidable polymath and Dissenting clergyman, Joseph Priestley, discoverer of oxygen. When Priestley's support of dissent led to the riots named after him, he fled Birmingham and headed for the sanctuary of Newington Green, where Rogers took him in. Price and Priestley took the most opposite views on morals and metaphysics. In 1778 appeared a published correspondence between these two liberal theologians on the subjects of materialism and necessity, wherein Price maintains, in opposition to Priestley, the free agency of man and the unity and immateriality of the human soul.

Unitarianism[link]

It was illegal to deny the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, and this remained the case until the passage of the 1813 Act. Nonetheless, various theologians and clergymen had begun to voice non-Trinitarian views. Theophilus Lindsey resigned his living and moved to London to create an avowedly Unitarian congregation, and Price played a key role in finding and securing the premises for this, which became Essex Street Chapel.^[5] Both Price and Priestley were what would now vaguely be called "Unitarians", though they occupied respectively the opposing extreme positions of that school. Indeed, Price's opinions would seem to have been rather Arian than Socinian.

Publications[link]

In 1744 Price published a volume of sermons, which gained him the acquaintance of Lord Shelburne; this raised his reputation and helped determine the direction of his career. It was, however, as a writer on financial and political questions that Price became widely known. In 1769, in a letter to Benjamin Franklin, he wrote some observations on the expectation of lives, the increase of mankind, and the population of London, which were published in the Philosophical Transactions of that year; in May 1770 he presented to the Royal Society a paper on the proper method of calculating the values of contingent reversions. The publication of these papers is said to have helped draw attention to the inadequate calculations on which many insurance and benefit societies had recently been formed. In 1769 Price received the honorary degree of D.D. from the University of Glasgow. In 1771 he published his Appeal to the Public on the Subject of the National Debt (ed. 1772 and 1774). This pamphlet excited considerable controversy, and is supposed to have influenced William Pitt the Younger in re-establishing the sinking fund for the extinction of the national debt, created by Robert Walpole in 1716 and abolished in 1733. The means proposed for the extinction of the debt are described by Lord Overstone as "a sort of hocus-pocus machinery," supposed to work "without loss to any one," and consequently unsound.

The American and French Revolutions[link]

Price then turned his attention to the question of the American colonies. He had from the first been strongly opposed to the war, and in 1776 he published a pamphlet entitled Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, the Principles of Government, and the Justice and Policy of the War with America. Sixty thousand copies of this work were sold within a few days; a cheap edition was soon issued which sold twice as many copies;^[6] the pamphlet was extolled by one set of politicians and abused by another; amongst its critics were Dr Markham, archbishop of York, John Wesley, and Edmund Burke; and Price rapidly became one of the best known men in England. He was presented with the freedom of the city of London, and it is said that his pamphlet had no inconsiderable share in determining the Americans to declare their independence.^[6] A second pamphlet on the war with America, the debts of Great Britain, and kindred topics followed in the spring of 1777. His name thus became identified with the cause of American independence. He was the intimate friend of Franklin; he corresponded with Turgot; and in the winter of 1778 he was invited by Congress to go to America and assist in the financial administration of the states. This offer he refused from unwillingness to quit his own country and his family connections. In 1781 he, solely with George Washington, received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Yale College.

The support Price gave to the revolt of the colonies of British North America made his name as a famous or notorious preacher. Price rejected traditional Christian notions of original sin and moral punishment, preaching the perfectibility of human nature,^[7] and he wrote on theological questions. However, his interests were wide-ranging, and during the decades he spent as minister of NGUC, he also wrote on finance, economics, probability, and life insurance, being inducted into the Royal Society in recognition of his work. On the 101st anniversary of the Glorious Revolution, he preached a sermon entitled "A Discourse on the Love of our Country," thus igniting a so-called "pamphlet war" known as the Revolution Controversy, furiously debating the issues raised by the French Revolution. Burke's rebuttal "Reflections on the Revolution in France" attacked Price, whose friends Paine and Wollstonecraft leapt into the fray to defend their mentor. The reputation of Price for speaking without fear of the government on these political and philosophical matters drew huge crowds to the church, and were published and sold as pamphlets (i.e. publications easily printed and circulated).

The pamphlets on the American War made Price famous. He preached to crowded congregations, and, when Lord Shelburne acceded to power, not only was he offered the post of private secretary to the premier, but it is said that one of the paragraphs in the king's speech was suggested by him and even inserted in his words. In 1786 Mrs Price died. There were no children by the marriage, his own health was failing, and the remainder of his life appears to have been clouded by solitude and dejection. The progress of the French Revolution alone cheered him. On 19 April 1791 he died, worn out with suffering and disease. His funeral was conducted at Bunhill Fields and his funeral sermon was preached by Joseph Priestly.

Influence on Mary Wollstonecraft[link]

Mary Wollstonecraft (c. 1797)

Arguably the congregant Price most influenced was the early feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, who moved her fledgling school for girls from Islington to the Green in 1784, with the help of a fairy godmother^[8] whose good auspices found her a house to rent and twenty students to fill it.^[9] Her patron – or matron – was the well-off Mrs Burgh, widow of Price's friend.^[10] The new arrival attended services at NGUC: she was a life-long Anglican, but, in keeping with the church's and Price's ethos of logical enquiry and individual conscience, believers of all kinds were welcomed without any expectation of conversion.^[11] The approach of these Rational Dissenters appealed to Wollstonecraft: they were hard-working, humane, critical but uncynical, and respectful towards women,^[12] and in her hour of need proved kinder to her than her own family.^[13] Price is believed to have secretly helped her with money to go to Lisbon to aid her dear friend Fanny Blood. She, an unmarried woman making her own way in the world, was marginal to the dominant society in just the same way that the Dissenters were.^[14]

Wollstonecraft was then a young schoolmistress, as yet unpublished, but Price saw something in her worth fostering, and became a friend and mentor. Through the minister she met the great humanitarian and radical publisher Joseph Johnson, who was to guide her career and serve as a father figure. The ideas Wollstonecraft ingested from the sermons at NGUC pushed her towards a political awakening.^[15] A couple of years after she had had to leave Newington Green, these seeds germinated into A Vindication of the Rights of Men, a response to Burke's denunciation of the French Revolution and attack on Price. In 1792 she published the work for which she is best remembered, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, in the spirit of rationalism extending Price's arguments about equality to women: Tomalin argues that just as the Dissenters were "excluded as a class from education and civil rights by a lazy-minded majority", so too were women, and the "character defects of both groups" could be attributed to this discrimination.^[16] Price appears 14 times in William Godwin's diary, Wollstonecraft's later husband.^[17]

Works on ethics[link]

Much of Price's most important philosophical work was in the region of ethics. The Review of the Principal Questions in Morals (1757, 3rd ed. revised 1787) contains his whole theory. It is divided into ten chapters, the first of which, though a small part of the whole, completes his demonstration of ethical theory. The remaining chapters investigate details of minor importance, and are especially interesting as showing his relation to Butler and Kant (ch. iii. and ch. vii.). The work is professedly a refutation of Francis Hutcheson, but is rather constructive than polemical. The theory he propounds is closely allied to that of Cudworth, but is interesting mainly in comparison with the subsequent theories of Kant.

Right and wrong belong to actions in themselves. By this he means, not that the ethical value of actions is independent of their motive and end (see ch. vi), but rather that it is unaffected by consequences, and that it is more or less invariable for intelligent beings. II. This ethical value is perceived by reason or understanding (which, unlike Kant, he does not distinguish), which intuitively recognizes fitness or congruity between actions, agents and total circumstances. Arguing that ethical judgment is an act of discrimination, he endeavours to invalidate the doctrine of the moral sense. Yet, in denying the importance of the emotions in moral judgment, he is driven back to the admission that right actions must be "grateful" to us; that, in fact, moral approbation includes both an act of the understanding and an emotion of the heart. Still it remains true that reason alone, in its highest development, would be a sufficient guide. In this conclusion he is in close agreement with Kant; reason is the arbiter, and right is (1) not a matter of the emotions and (2) no relative to imperfect human nature. Price's main point of difference with Cudworth is that while Cudworth regards the moral criterion as a vanua or modification of the mind, existing in gere and developed by circumstances, Price regards it as acquired from the contemplation of actions, but acquired necessarily, immediately intuitively. In his view of disinterested action (ch. iii.) he adds nothing to Butler. Happiness he regards as the only end, conceivable by us, of divine Providence, but it is a happiness wholly dependent upon rectitude. Virtue tends always to happiness, and in the end must produce it in its perfect form.

Other works[link]

Smelling out a Rat, a caricature of Price with Edmund Burke's vision looking over his shoulder, by James Gillray, 1790.

Price was a friend of the mathematician and clergyman Thomas Bayes. He edited Bayes' most famous work "An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances" which contains Bayes' Theorem, one of the most fundamental theorems of probability theory, and arranged for its posthumous publication. Price wrote an introduction to Bayes' paper which provides some of the philosophical basis of Bayesian statistics.

Besides the above-mentioned, Price wrote an Essay on the Population of England (2nd ed., 1780) which directly influenced Thomas Robert Malthus; two Fast-day Sermons, published respectively in 1779 and 1781 ; and Observations on the importance of the American Revolution and the means of rendering it a benefit to the World (1784). A complete list of his works is given as an appendix to Dr Priestley's Funeral Sermon. His views on the French Revolution are denounced by Burke in his Reflections on the Revolution in France. Notices of Price's ethical system occur in James Mackintosh's Progress of Ethical Philosophy, Jouffroy's Introduction to Ethics, William Whewell's History of Moral Philosophy in England; Alexander Bain's Mental and Moral Sciences. See also T Fowler's monograph on Shaftesbury and Hutcheson. For Price's life see memoir by his nephew, William Morgan.

Later life[link]

Even when, in 1770, Price became morning preacher at the Gravel Pit Chapel in Hackney, he continued his afternoon sermons at NGUC. He also accepted duties at the meeting house in Old Jewry Street in the City of London.

See also[link]

• Liberalism
• Contributions to liberal theory

Notes[link]

References[link]

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Price, Richard". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Further reading[link]

• The Village that Changed the World: A History of Newington Green London N16 by Alex Allardyce. Newington Green Action Group: 2008.
  • Chapter titles: Beginnings, Kings and Treason; Dissenters, Academies and Castaways; The Chaste Old Bachelor of Newington Green; Enlightenment, Revolutions and Poets; Development, Destruction and Renewal.
• Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft by Lyndall Gordon. Little, Brown: 2005.
• Her Own Woman: The Life of Mary Wollstonecraft by Diane Jacobs. Simon & Schuster: 2001.
• Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination by Barbara Taylor. CUP: 2003.
• Trust in Freedom: The Story of Newington Green Unitarian Church 1708–1958 by Michael Thorncroft. Privately printed for church trustees, 1958.
  • Chapter titles: The Fertile Soil; The Church is Built; The Early Years (1714–1758); The Age of Richard Price; New Causes for Old; The Ideal of Service; The Lights Go Out; The Present Day.
• The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft by Claire Tomalin. Weidenfeld & Nicolson: 1974.

External links[link]

• MacTutor biography
• Royal Society certificate of election
• Readable version of Price's Review of the Principal Questions of Morals
• Price's Observations on Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America
• Cousin, John William (1910). " Price, Richard". A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. Wikisource 
• Price's Observations on reversionary payments on schemes for providing annuities for widows, and for persons in old age; on the method of calculating the values of assurances on lives; and on the national debt : to which are added four essays ... also an appendix ..., published in 1771.

Jennifer Losch Bartlett (born March 14, 1941 in Long Beach, California) is an American artist. She is best-known for paintings combining abstract and representational styles.

Education[link]

Bartlett grew up in the suburbs of Long Beach before she attended Mills College in Oakland, California.^[1] While a student, she formed a friendship with the future mixed-media sculptor Elizabeth Murray. Bartlett received her BFA in 1963; she then traveled to New Haven to study at Yale School of Art and Architecture^[1] and received her MFA in 1965, at a time when minimalism was the dominant style. Bartlett's instructors included the artists James Rosenquist, Jim Dine, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg, Alex Katz, and Al Held. Bartlett has described the experience of study there as her broadest influence: "I'd walked into my life." ^[2] Fellow Yale Art and Architecture alumni of the 1960s include the painters, photographers, and sculptors Brice Marden, Richard Serra, Chuck Close, Nancy Graves, and Robert Mangold.

When asked by Murray in a 2005 interview about what she was thinking as a first-year art student, Bartlett replied:^[3]

Being an artist, Ed Bartlett, Bach cello suites, Cézanne, getting into graduate school, getting to New York, Albert Camus, James Joyce. I’d drawn constantly since childhood: large drawings of every creature alive in the ocean; Spanish missions with Indians camping in the foreground, in the background Spanish men throwing cowhides over a cliff to a waiting ship; hundreds of Cinderellas on five-by-eight pads, all alike but with varying hair color and dresses.

Career[link]

Bartlett is best known for her paintings and prints of mundane objects—especially houses—executing in a style that combines elements of both representational and abstract art. In 1981, she created a two-hundred foot mural for the Federal Building in Atlanta, Georgia. Bartlett has completed commissions for Volvo, Saatchi, Information Sciences Institute, and Battery Park.^[1]

In early 2011, "Recitative" (2009-10), composed of 372 plates overall, was mounted on three walls of the Pace Gallery space on West 22nd.^[4]

Collections[link]

Bartlett's work is represented in a number of public collections, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C., the Tate Gallery in London, the Boca Raton Museum of Art in Florida, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, the Addison Gallery of American Art in Andover, Massachusetts, the Cleveland Museum of Art, The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, the Currier Museum of Art in Manchester, New Hampshire, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, the Maier Museum of Art at Randolph College in Virginia, the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth in Texas, the Wake Forest University Fine Arts Gallery in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City.

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Eisenberg, Deborah, Air, 24 Hours, Jennifer Bartlett, New York, H.N. Abrams, 1994.
• Goldwater, Marge, Jennifer Bartlett, New York, Abbeville Press, 1985.
• Katz, Vincent, Bartlett Shows Her Colors, Art in America, January 2007, 106-111.
• Richardson, Brenda, Jennifer Bartlett, Early Plate Work, Andover, Massachusetts, Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, New Haven, distributed by Yale University Press, 2006.
• Scott, Sue A., Jennifer Bartlett, A Print Retrospective, Orlando, Florida, Orlando Museum of Art, 1993.
• Van der Marck, Jan, Reconnecting, Recent Work by Jennifer Bartlett, Detroit, Founders Society Detroit Institute of Arts, 1987.

External links[link]

• Brooklyn Rail Jennifer Bartlett with Phong Bui
• ArtCyclopedia
• Interview with Jennifer Bartlett

Jonathan Borofsky
Hammering Man in Frankfurt
Born	1942 (1942) Boston, Massachusetts
Nationality	American
Field	Painting, Sculpture, Installation art
Training	Carnegie Mellon University Yale University

Jonathan Borofsky (born March 2, 1942) is an American sculptor and printmaker who lives and works in Maine.

Borofsky was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts at Carnegie Mellon University in 1964, after which he continued his studies at France's Ecole de Fontainebleau and received his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University in 1966. In the 1960s, Borofsky's art sought to interconnect minimalism and pop art.

On May 21, 2006, Mr. Borofsky received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Carnegie Mellon, his alma mater.

Famous works[link]

Jonathan Borofsky's most famous works, at least among the general public, are his Hammering Man sculptures. "Hammering Men" have been installed in various cities around the world. The largest Hammering Man is in Seoul, Korea and the second largest is in Frankfurt, Germany. Other Hammering Men are in Basel, Switzerland, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, Seattle, Washington, D.C. and Lillestrøm, Norway.

In 2004, the City of Baltimore, through its public arts program, commissioned Jonathan Borofsky to create a sculpture as the centerpiece of a re-designed plaza in front of Penn Station. The work is a 51-foot (15.5 m)-tall aluminum statue titled "Male/Female".

In May 2006, Borofsky's "Walking to the Sky"^[1] was permanently installed on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University near the intersection of Forbes Avenue and Morewood Avenue in Pittsburgh. The piece was temporarily installed at Rockefeller Center during the fall of 2004 and in 2005 at the Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, Texas.

Selected exhibitions[link]

• 2004 - Rockefeller Center, New York City
• 2002 - Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, Cuneo, Italy
• 1999 - Kunstmuseum Basel; Remba Gallery, Los Angeles
• 1996 - Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City
• 1992 - Documenta 9, Kassel
• 1987 - Documenta 8, Kassel
• 1985 - Berkeley Art Museum, Berkeley, California
• 1984 - Stadel, Frankfurt
• 1982 - Documenta 7, Kassel
• 1981 - Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, Texas

Gallery[link]

• 

  "Human Structures" at "blickachsen 7", 2009

• 

  Molecule Man (sculpture), Berlin

• 

  Exterior of Penn Station in Baltimore

• 

  Man walking to the sky, Kassel

• 

  Toronto Pearson Airport, I Dreamed I Could Fly sculptures

• 

  Ballerina Clown, in Aachen (Germany)

• 

  Walking Man in Munich

References[link]

1. ^ Publicartfund.org

External links[link]

• Borofsky's website, borofsky.com
• Art Signature Dictionary, genuine signature by the artist Jonathan Borofsky Here are several examples of Jonathan Borofsky's signature.

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