Krasnoyarsk (English) Красноярск (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
Location of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia
Krasnoyarsk Location of Krasnoyarsk in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Coordinates: 56°01′N 93°04′E / 56.017°N 93.067°E / 56.017; 93.067Coordinates: 56°01′N 93°04′E / 56.017°N 93.067°E / 56.017; 93.067
Coat of arms	Flag
City Day	Second Sunday of June[2]
Administrative status (as of April 2011)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Krasnoyarsk Krai[1]
Administratively subordinated to	krai city of Krasnoyarsk[1]
Administrative center of	krai city of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai[3]
Municipal status (as of February 2005)
Urban okrug	Krasnoyarsk Urban Okrug[4]
Administrative center of	Krasnoyarsk Urban Okrug[4]
Head[6]	Edkham Akbulatov[5]
Representative body	City Council of Deputies[6]
Statistics
Area (city)	348 km2 (134 sq mi)[7]
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	973,891 inhabitants[8]
- Rank in 2010	14th
Population (2002 Census)	909,341 inhabitants[9]
- Rank in 2002	14th
Density	2,799 /km2 (7,250 /sq mi)[10]
Time zone	KRAT (UTC+08:00)[11]
Founded	August 19, 1628[6]
City status since	January 26, 1822[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	660000[12]
Dialing code(s)	+7 391[13]
Official website

Krasnoyarsk (Russian: Красноярск; IPA: [krəsnɐˈjarsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River. It is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Omsk, with a population of 973,891 (2010 Census preliminary results).^[8] Krasnoyarsk is an important junction of the Trans-Siberian Railway and one of Russia's largest producers of aluminium.

The city is notable for its nature landscapes; author Anton Chekhov judged Krasnoyarsk the most beautiful city in Siberia.^[14]

Geography[link]

Krasnoyarsk on the Yenisei River

The total area of the city, including suburbs and the river, is 348 square kilometers (134 sq mi).^[7]

The Yenisei River flows from west to east through the city. Due to the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam 32 kilometers (20 mi) upstream, the Yenisei never freezes in winter and never exceeds +14 °C (57 °F) in summer through the city. Near the city center, its elevation is 136 meters (446 ft) above sea level. There are several islands in the river, the largest of which are Tatyshev and Otdyha Isles, used mainly for recreation.

Aerial view of Krasnoyarsk

To the south and west, Krasnoyarsk is surrounded by forested mountains averaging 410 meters (1,350 ft) in height above river level. The most prominent of them are Further south are Nikolayevskaya Sopka (notable for its ski jumping tracks), Karaulnaya Gora and Chornaya Sopka, the latter being an extinct volcano.^[15] The gigantic rock cliffs of the Stolby Nature Reserve rise from the mountains of the southern bank of the Yenisei, the western hills form the Gremyachaya Griva crest extending westwards up to the Sobakina River, the north is generally plain, except for the Drokinskaya Sopka hill, with forests to the northwest and agricultural fields to the north and east.

The major rivers in the Krasnoyarsk city area are Yenisey, Mana, Bazaikha and Kacha, the latter flowing throughout the historical center of the city. Due to the nature of the terrain, a few natural lakes exist in the Krasnoyarsk neighborhood.

The forests close to the city are mostly pine and birch; further out, aspen becomes dominant in many areas. The moss-covered fir and Siberian pine replaces other wood in the mountains westward of the Karaulnaya River, in about 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the west from the city, the forests to the south are mostly pine, fir and aspen.^[16]

History[link]

The panorama of Krasnoyarsk from the Karaulnaya Gora hill, 1910

The city was founded on August 19, 1628^[6] as a Russian border fort when a group of service class people from Yeniseysk led by Andrey Dubenskoy arrived at the confluence of the Kacha and Yenisei Rivers and constructed fortifications intended to protect the frontier from attacks of native peoples who lived along Yenisei and its tributaries. Along with Kansk to the east, it represented the southern limit of Russian expansion in the Yenisei basin during the seventeenth century. In the letter to Tsar the Cossacks reported:

...The town of trunks (log buildings) we have constructed and around the place of fort, we the servants of thee, our lord, have embedded posts and fastened them with double bindings and the place of fort have strengthened mightily...

The fort was named Krasny Yar (Russian: Кра́сный Яр) after the Yarin (a dialect of Khakas) name of the place it was built, Kyzyl Char ('red steep-riverbank'),^[17] which was translated as Krasny Yar (using the old meaning of krasny). An intensive growth of Krasnoyarsk began with the arrival of the Siberian Route (the road M53 nowadays) in 1735 to 1741 which connected the nearby towns of Achinsk and Kansk with Krasnoyarsk and with the rest of Russia.

In 1749, a meteorite with a mass of about 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) was found 145 miles (233 km) south of Krasnoyarsk. It was excavated by Peter Simon Pallas in 1772 and transported to Krasnoyarsk and subsequently to St. Petersburg. The Krasnoyarsk meteorite is important because it was the first pallasite ever studied and the first meteorite ever etched.

The name Krasnoyarsk was given in 1822 when the village of Krasny Yar was granted town status^{[citation needed]} and became the administrative center of Yeniseysk Governorate. In the 19th century, Krasnoyarsk was the center of the Siberian Cossack movement. By the end of the 19th century, Krasnoyarsk had several manufacturing facilities and railroad workshops and an engine-house. Growth continued with the discovery of gold and the arrival of a railroad in 1895.

In the Russian Empire, Krasnoyarsk was one of the places to which political exiles were banished. For example, eight Decembrists were deported from St. Petersburg to Krasnoyarsk after the failure of the revolt.

Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric dam

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, during the periods of centralized planning (Five Year Plans) numerous large plants and factories were constructed in Krasnoyarsk: Sibtyazhmash, the dock yard, the paper factory, the hydroelectric power station (now the fifth largest in the world and the second in Russia), and the river port.

In 1934, Krasnoyarsk Krai, was formed, with Krasnoyarsk as its administrative center.

During Stalinist times, Krasnoyarsk was a major center of the gulag system. The most important labor camp was the Kraslag or Krasnoyarsky ITL (1938-c.1960) with the two units located in Kansk and Reshyoty. In the city of Krasnoyarsk itself, the Yeniseylag or Yeniseysky ITL labor camp was prominent as well during World War II (c. 1940-41).

During World War II, dozens of factories were evacuated from Ukraine and Western Russia to Krasnoyarsk and nearby towns, stimulating the industrial growth of the city. After the war additional large plants were constructed: the aluminum plant, the metallurgic plant, the plant of base metals and many others.

In the late 1970s, the Soviet Union began constructing a phased array radar station at Abalakova, near Krasnoyarsk, which violated the ABM Treaty. Beginning in 1983, the United States demanded its removal, until the Soviet Union admitted the radar station was a violation in 1989. Equipment was slowly removed from the site and by 1992 it was officially declared to be dismantled, though the equipment from the site was likely relocated to a new site near Komsomolsk-na-Amure.^[18] Krasnoyarsk was also a home to Krasnoyarsk Northeast air base, which was turned into living blocks after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and beginning of privatization, many large plants and factories, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, became owned by alleged criminal authorities and oligarchs, while others were declared bankrupt. The economic transition resulted in a dramatic rise in unemployment and numerous strikes.

The best known financial scandal of the second half of 1990s happened when ownership of the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant by a known Krasnoyarsk businessman Anatoliy Bykov had been canceled after he was accused of murdering his partner, Vilor Struganov. The accusation eventually turned out to be false.^[19]

The Krasnoyarsk Lion

The Krasnoyarsk plants ownership problems continue through the early 21st century since nearly all of them are owned either by monopolistic financial groups or by oligarchs.

Since the election of Pyotr Pimashkov as the mayor of Krasnoyarsk in 1996, the appearance of the city gradually improved: the old historical buildings were restored, the asphalt walkways were replaced with paving-stone, and numerous squares and recreation areas with fountains were either restored or constructed from scratch. Now the majority of the city keeps only a few traces of its former, drab, post-collapse look.^{[citation needed]}

Administrative and municipal status[link]

Administratively, along with one rural locality, it is incorporated as the krai city of Krasnoyarsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, the krai city of Krasnoyarsk is incorporated as Krasnoyarsk Urban Okrug.^[4]

City divisions[link]

Krasnoyarsk is divided into seven administrative districts:

• Kirovsky
• Leninsky
• Oktyabrsky
• Sovetsky
• Sverdlovsky
• Tsentralny
• Zheleznodorozhny

Coat of arms[link]

The first version of the Krasnoyarsk coat of arms was approved on March 12, 1804. The coat of arms was divided horizontally into two parts, the upper part containing the coat of arms of Tomsk Governorate, and the lower part picturing the Krasny Yar cliff on a silver background.

A revised coat of arms, approved on November 23, 1851, had the golden figure of a lion placed on a red heraldic shield with a spade in the right fore paw and a sickle in the left fore paw, both made of the same metal. The shield was topped with the golden crown of the Russian Empire.

The current coat of arms (see above) approved on November 28, 2004 contains the same red shield with a slightly changed figure of the lion topped with the golden five-tower status crown of a federal subject administrative center. In 2005, a 16-meter (52 ft) tall pillar with a bronze statue of the Krasnoyarsk heraldic lion upon its top was erected at the Krasnoyarsk Railway Station square.

Climate[link]

Krasnoyarsk experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) that comes close to being classified as a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Demographics[link]

The population count by year^[21][22]:

Population chart

Population count by districts (2010 Census preliminary results):^[8]

• Kirovsky: 114,742
• Leninsky: 145,522
• Oktyabrsky: 153,202
• Sovetsky: 281,195
• Sverdlovsky: 130,605
• Tsentralny: 55,094
• Zheleznodorozhny: 93,531

The population of Krasnoyarsk includes a number of peoples, the most numerous are Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Germans, and Belarusians. Lately the number of Tajiks, Uzbeks and other Central Asian and Caucasian peoples has grown extensively because of the vast, often illegal immigration in search for work.

Another populous immigrant group is the Chinese who, unlike other foreign workers, are employed in much more lucrative areas and often form business partnerships with local companies. Many Chinese trade at the bazaars, and a special large Chinese bazaar named Sodruzhestvo (Russian for fellowship), and the Chinese Trading Town (known in Russian as Китайский торговый город) or colloquially Kitai-gorod on Strelka.

Architecture[link]

A historic house

The Organ Hall of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Philharmonic Society

There are a number of historical buildings in Krasnoyarsk, the oldest of them being the Intercession Cathedral (Russian: Покровский собор, 1785 to 1795, restored in 1977 to 1978). Other locally significant samples of Russian Orthodox architecture are the Annunciation Cathedral (Russian: Благовещенский собор, 1802–12), the Holy Trinity Cathedral (Russian: Свято-Троицкий собор, 1802–12), John the Baptist Church (Russian: Церковь Иоанна Предтечи, 1899, former episcopal residence), and the new Michael the Archangel Church (Russian: Церковь Архистратига Михаила, 1998 to 2003).

On the top of the Karaulnaya Hill, originally a pagan shrine, later occupied by the Krasnoyarsk fort watchtower, the St. Paraskeba Chapel (Russian: Часовня Параскевы Пятницы, 1804, rebuilt in 1854 to 1855) still stands. The chapel, displayed on the 10-ruble note, is one of the iconic images of the city. The chapel was abandoned and fell into disrepair during the Soviet era and only when Perestroyka came has it been regained by the Yenisei bishopric.

Another unofficial symbol of Krasnoyarsk is the incomplete 24-story tower located at Strelka. Construction of the tower had been started just before Perestroyka and then frozen due to the administrative crisis. The outline of the tower is clearly seen from many places in the city.

A bridge near Krasnoyarsk carries the Trans-Siberian Railway across the Yenisei. This structure, one of the longest at the time, was constructed between 1893 and 1896 to an award-winning design by Lavr Proskuryakov. When approved for the inscription on the World Heritage List in 2003, the bridge was described by the UNESCO as "an early representation of a typical parabolic polygonal truss bridge in Russia" which became "a testing ground for the application of engineering theories and the development of new innovative solutions, which had numerous successors" ([1]).

Among other notable buildings are the mansions of the merchant Nikolay Gadalov (beginning of the 20th century), the Roman Catholic Transfiguration Chapel (Russian: Преображенский собор, 1911, also known as the Krasnoyarsk Organ Hall), the Krasnoyarsk Krai Museum stylized as an Ancient Egyptian temple, the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center and the triumphal arch at the Spit (2003), the regional administration building flanked with two towers known as the "Donkey Ears".

There are a number of two-story wooden houses in the city built mostly in the middle of the 20th century as temporary habitations. Many urbanized villages located inside the city keep the remnants of the traditional Russian village architecture: wooden houses with backyards, many somewhat dilapidated now but still inhabited.

Notable people[link]

Monument to Viktor Astafyev

• Vasily Surikov, historic painter
• Viktor Astafyev, writer
• Pyotr Slovtsov, opera singer
• Dmitri Hvorostovsky, operatic baritone
• Andrey Pozdeyev, painter
• Valery Kudrinsky, painter
• Toivo Rännel, painter
• Boris Musat, sculptor
• Yury Zlotya, sculptor
• Roman Solntsev, writer
• Nikolay Gayduk, writer
• Natalya Korobkova, volleyball player
• Alexander Semin, ice hockey player
• Veniamin Kostitsin, painter
• Alex Choub, bass guitar artist
• Helene Fischer, Russian-German pop singer
• Elena Khrustaleva, biathlete
• Evgeny Ustyugov, biathlete
• Evgeny Isakov, ice hockey player

Culture[link]

A typical stolby in the Stolby National Reserve near Krasnoyarsk

There are a number of local holidays celebrated annually in Krasnoyarsk. The most significant holiday is the Day of the City celebrated in June, usually with a carnival. Other holidays and cultural events are the Mana Festival (Russian: Манский фестиваль) usually held on the last weekend in June with the traditional bard contest, the International Museum Biennale traditionally held in the Krasnoyarsk Cultural/Historical Center, the avant-garde Museum Night festival dedicated to the International Museum Day (May 18), the Jazz on Yenisey festival, the Stolbist Day held many times a year celebrating the traditions of mountain climbing in the Stolby national reserve, and the Bikers' Rally.

Krasnoyarsk has a number of local television companies and the highly-developed telecommunications, many districts of the city have LAN-based broadband Internet access.

The city is also home to the Krasnoyarsk Children's Choir, a world-renowned choir that tours in many countries as The Little Eagles of Siberia.

Education[link]

Next to Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk is a prominent scientific and educational center of Siberia, with over 30 higher education facilities, many of which are the branches of the Russian Academy of Science, and about 200 high schools. The most notable higher education institutes are:

• Siberian Federal University (Russian abbreviation is SibFU), founded on November 4, 2006. The institution integrated four large higher education institutions (Krasnoyarsk State University, Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Architecture and Civil Construction, Krasnoyarsk State Technical University, State University of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold)
• Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University (Russian abbreviation is KGPU), founded in 1932
• Siberian State Technological University (Russian abbreviation is SibGTU), the oldest in the city, founded in 1930 as the Siberian Institute of Forest
• Siberian State Aerospace University (Russian abbreviation is SibGAU), founded in 1960
• Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy (Russian abbreviation is KrasGMA), founded in 1942
• Sukachev Institute of Forest, founded in 1944

Like Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk has a special city district called Akademgorodok ("Academic Town"), where several educational institutes are located. Krasnoyarsk's Institute of Biophysics is known for a 1973–1985 experiment on ecological isolation of human beings (the "Bios Experiment").

There are several museums in Krasnoyarsk. One is the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum, containing historical items and exhibits of the region, including ancient history, native Siberians, and woolly rhinos.

The Krasnoyarsk zoo is also a major attraction for residents and tourists.

Transportation[link]

Metro[link]

An underground system (three lines) has been in planning and construction phases in Krasnoyarsk for decades. The first three stations have not been opened yet, but several construction sites around the city are visible. The date of the opening is uncertain, as works on the system have been stopped since 2010.

Krasnoyarsk railstation

Railway[link]

Krasnoyarsk lies on the Yenisei River and historically has been an important junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway.

Airports[link]

Krasnoyarsk was served by two airports: Yemelyanovo Airport is the main airport that handles both medium and long haul domestic plus international flights, and is located 27 kilometers (17 mi) northwest of the city.^[23] The secondary Cheremshanka Airport used to handle short haul flights. Cheremshanka has lost its eminent role as the main base airport for an extensive network of local air services (MVL) in Krasnoyarsk Region formerly served by the local Aeroflot Krasnoyarsk Directorate. In December 2011 a fire broke out at the Cheremshanka airport which destroyed the terminal building and the air traffic control tower.^[24]

Tourism[link]

The river port

The most popular place of attraction for tourists visiting Krasnoyarsk is the huge national nature reserve Stolby ("pillars"), which covers an area of 470 square kilometers (180 sq mi) with numerous giant granite rocks formations up to 100 meters high, many of very extraordinary shapes. Stolby is also a major rock climbing location, many local climbers intentionally do not use any belaying equipment and call their extreme sport stolbizm, known elsewhere as solo climbing.

Other popular showplaces include the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station dam, the Karaulnaya Gora hill with the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel, museums, theaters, etc.

Sports[link]

Krasnoyarsk is a center of Siberian sport. Areas where Krasnoyarsk excels compared to other Russian cities include rugby union, bandy and freestyle wrestling.

The city is considered a stronghold of rugby union in Russia, to the extent that the Rugby Union of Russia was headquartered locally for many years. Two Krasnoyarsk clubs, Krasny Yar and Yenisey-STM, participate in the national Professional Rugby League. Matches take precedence in the local media, and the city derby match can attract large crowds. Many players of the Russian national rugby team hail from the area. Some of Russia's international rugby matches are played at the Central Stadium.

Enisey Krasnoyarsk play in the Russian Professional Basketball League.

FC Enisey Krasnoyarsk compete in the Russian First Division, the second tier of professional football in Russia.

Yenisey^[25] plays in the highest division of Russian Bandy League. In the 1980s they became Soviet champions every year. Sergey Lomanov Sr, often considered the best bandy player of all time, played in the club and later became coach.^[26]

Washington Capitals left winger Alexander Semin is from Krasnoyarsk.

Possible future sports events[link]

Krasnoyarsk hopes to become the 2019 Winter Universiade host. If it's selected, the authorities would like to have many sports on the programme which are usually not a part of it, bandy for the second time and a number of disciplines for the first.^[27]

International relations[link]

Twin towns and sister cities[link]

Krasnoyarsk is twinned with:

• Cremona, Italy
• Harbin, China
• Heihe, China^[28]

References[link]

Notes[link]

Sources[link]

• Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №10-4765 от 10 июня 2010 г. «О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №12-5780 от 21 апреля 2011 г «Об отнесении посёлка городского типа Тура к категории сельских населённых пунктов и о внесении изменений в Закон края "О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края"». Вступил в силу 1 июля 2010 г.. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №33(404), 5 июля 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #10-4765 of June 10, 2010 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #12-5780 of April 21, 2011 On Re-Categorizing the Urban-Type Settlement of Tura as a Rural Locality and on Amending the Law of the Krai "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of July 1, 2010.).
• Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №8-207 от 27 декабря 1995 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве в Красноярском Крае», в ред. Закона №9-4279 от 24 декабря 2009 г «О внесении изменений в статью 9 Закона края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве в Красноярском Крае"». Опубликован: "Красноярский рабочий", №5, 10 января 1996 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #8-207 of December 27, 1995 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #9-4279 of December 24, 2009 On Amending Article 9 of the Krai Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Krasnoyarsk Krai". ).
• Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №13-3148 от 25 февраля 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Красноярск статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №13, 4 апреля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #13-3148 of February 25, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Krasnoyarsk. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication.).
• Красноярский городской Совет. Решение №В-62 от 24 декабря 1997 г. «Устав города Красноярска», в ред. Решения №В-273 от 13 октября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Устав города Красноярска». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 86. Опубликован: "Городские новости", №4, 16 января 2008 г. (Krasnoyarsk City Council. Decision #V-62 of December 24, 1997 Charter of the City of Krasnoyarsk, as amended by the Decision #V-273 of October 13, 2011 On Amending the Charter of the City of Krasnoyarsk. Effective as of the date determined in accordance with the provisions set forth in Article 86.).

External links[link]

• Official website of Krasnoyarsk
• Official website of Krasnoyarsk (Russian)
• The Siberian Federal University homepage
• Interactive online map of Krasnoyarsk Street photos (Russian)

v t e Administrative divisions of Krasnoyarsk Krai Administrative center: Krasnoyarsk Cities and towns Achinsk  · Bogotol · Borodino · Divnogorsk · Kansk · Krasnoyarsk · Lesosibirsk · Minusinsk · Nazarovo · Norilsk · Sharypovo · Sosnovoborsk · Yeniseysk · Zelenogorsk* · Zheleznogorsk* Urban-type settlements Balakhta · Beryozovka · Bolshaya Irba · Bolshaya Murta · Chibizhek · Dubinino · Goryachegorsk · Insha · Kedrovy · Koshurnikovo · Kozulka · Krasnokamensk · Kuragino · Motygino · Nizhny Ingash · Nizhnyaya Poyma · Novochernorechensky · Pamyati 13 Bortsov · Podgorny · Podtyosovo · Pokanayevka · Predivinsk · Rassvet · Razdolinsk · Sayansky · Severo-Yeniseysky · Shushenskoye · Snezhnogorsk · Solnechny** · Strelka · Svetlogorsk · Teya · Tinskoy · Ural · Yemelyanovo · Yuzhno-Yeniseysky · Zelyony Bor Administrative districts Abansky · Achinsky · Balakhtinsky · Beryozovsky · Birilyussky · Bogotolsky · Boguchansky · Bolshemurtinsky · Bolsheuluysky · Dzerzhinsky · Evenkiysky · Idrinsky · Ilansky · Irbeysky · Kansky · Karatuzsky · Kazachinsky · Kezhemsky · Kozulsky · Krasnoturansky · Kuraginsky · Mansky · Minusinsky · Motyginsky · Nazarovsky · Nizhneingashsky · Novosyolovsky · Partizansky · Pirovsky · Rybinsky · Sayansky · Severo-Yeniseysky · Sharypovsky · Shushensky · Sukhobuzimsky · Taseyevsky · Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky · Turukhansky · Tyukhtetsky · Uyarsky · Uzhursky · Yemelyanovsky · Yeniseysky · Yermakovsky *Closed cities and towns under the federal governance **Closed urban-type settlements under the federal governance

vep:Krasnojarsk

Papa Roach
Papa Roach live at the Zwarte Cross festival in Lichtenvoorde on July 18, 2010.
Background information
Origin	Vacaville, California, United States
Genres	Hard rock, heavy metal, rap rock, post-grunge, alternative metal
Years active	1993 (1993)–present
Labels	Eleven Seven Music, DGC, Interscope, Geffen, DreamWorks
Associated acts	Fight the Sky, Pulley
Website	www.paparoach.com
Members
Jacoby Shaddix Jerry Horton Tobin Esperance Tony Palermo
Past members
Will James Dave Buckner

Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California.^[1] Their first major-label release was the triple-platinum album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), and Metamorphosis (2009). The band's seventh album, Time for Annihilation, was released on August 31, 2010. Papa Roach has sold about 10 million album copies worldwide, and are known for their hits "Last Resort", "Between Angels And Insects", "She Loves Me Not", "...To Be Loved", "Scars", "Forever", and "Hollywood Whore".

Band history[link]

Formation and early years: 1993–1999[link]

The formation of Papa Roach began in January 1993, when lead singer Jacoby Shaddix and drummer Dave Buckner met on the Vacaville High School football field during an intense match, where the two ended up talking about music. They were later joined by trombonist Ben Luther and bass guitarist Will James. They decided to enter the school's talent show, where they performed a cover version of Jimi Hendrix's song "Fire", but they ultimately did not win the contest. In March 1993, trombonist Ben Luther was replaced by lead guitarist Jerry Horton from nearby Vanden High School. Horton was introduced to the band through his girlfriend, who was a fan. However, Jerry was at first apprehensive about joining the band because Jacoby, Buckner, and Will all went to different high schools. At this point, Papa Roach were practicing every day and touring on every gig they could get. Their first tour van was called Moby Dick, where Jacoby was inspired to come up with his first stage name "Coby Dick". The band's name comes from Shaddix's step-grandfather, Howard William Roatch, who was nicknamed Papa Roach. Roatch committed suicide in 2006 because he was diagnosed with terminal cancer. The band pay homage to him with The Paramour Sessions and during live performances of the song "Roses On My Grave".^[2]

In 1994, Papa Roach released their first ever EP titled Potatoes for Christmas. Drummer Dave Buckner was temporarily replaced by Ryan Brown, as Buckner was spending the year in Seattle studying art. In 1995, they released a demo at Sound Farm Studios titled Caca Bonita. By this time Buckner was back. In 1996, they replaced original bass guitarist Will James, who had become heavily involved in a church summer camp, by Tobin Esperance, because James' absence would limit the band's summer practicing and touring. As Esperance had been with the band as a roadie for a while, the transition was an easy one.

On February 4, 1997, the band produced their first full-length album, entitled Old Friends from Young Years. Still touring heavily, they supported bands such as Incubus, Powerman 5000, Hed PE, Snot, Far and Static-X.

In 1998, they released an EP titled 5 Tracks Deep. It sold more than 1,000 copies in its first month of release. In 1999, they produced another EP, which would end up being their last independent release, titled Let 'Em Know. Its success caught the attention of Warner Music Group, who as part of a development deal provided a small amount of money for the production of a five-track promo-demo CD.^[3] The band decided they wanted influential rock producer Jay Baumgardner on board to produce the record.^[3] In an interview with HitQuarters, Baumgardner said, “At first I wasn’t really convinced it would work out, but then I saw a video of them performing at a club - I saw all these kids going wild, knowing the songs by heart - and that’s when I realized that they definitely had potential.”^[3]

Warner Brothers was not convinced by the demo, however, and elected not to sign them.^[3] The unreleased disc included the songs "Infest", "Last Resort", "Broken Home", "Dead Cell", and "She Loves Me Not" - the first four would later feature on their Infest album, and the last on Lovehatetragedy.

Soon after, DreamWorks Records offered the band a recording contract.

Breakthrough and mainstream success: 1999–2005[link]

After signing with DreamWorks Records in October 1999, they immediately hit the studio to record their debut major-label album titled Infest. The album included old songs from their independent releases, these being "Infest", "Last Resort", "Broken Home", "Dead Cell" from the Warner Brothers demo CD; "Revenge In Japanese" as "Revenge" and "Thrown Away" from their 5 Tracks Deep EP; "Legacy", "Binge", "Snakes", and a softer version of the originally heavier "Tightrope" from the Let 'Em Know EP; which were re-recorded, and three additional newly written songs: "Between Angels and Insects", "Blood Brothers", and "Never Enough". Infest was released on April 25, 2000, and sold 30,000 copies in its first week of release. With their debut album released, and the music video for "Last Resort" recorded, they hit the Vans Warped Tour and numerous other large tours, including the Anger Management Tour with Limp Bizkit and such rap acts like Eminem, E-40, Xzibit, and Ludacris.

In late 2000, they toured the United Kingdom, highlighting how quickly their popularity had spread worldwide. In 2001, the band toured Ozzfest, where they performed on the prestigious main stage, on both the United States and United Kingdom tours.

The song "Blood Brothers" was also featured on the popular video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2.

After enormous amounts of touring worldwide, most notably in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan, the band hit the studio again to record their second major-label album which was to be titled Born to Rock, but was re-named to Lovehatetragedy. The album was released in the United States on June 18, 2002, and though it did not outsell Infest, it managed to chart higher in both the United States and United Kingdom album charts. The album has sold over 500,000 copies and has been certified Gold. The album marked a change in sound, morphing from nu metal to rock, except on the album's first single, "She Loves Me Not". The music video for "Time and Time Again" was also featured on the Pepsi Blue commercial.

In late 2003, Papa Roach wrote and recorded their third major-label album with the working title Dancing In the Ashes, but released as Getting Away with Murder. The band worked with well-recognized producer Howard Benson. After completion, the band filmed the video for the title track, "Getting Away with Murder", and went on a small summer club tour to warm-up for the new album and tours to follow. Some long time fans of the band criticized Getting Away with Murder for its softer alternative rock sound, compared to their previous albums. Regardless of the perceived backlash, Getting Away with Murder outsold Lovehatetragedy, mainly due to the enormous popularity of the album's second single, "Scars". Currently, the album has sold more than 1 million copies and has been certified Platinum. On November 9, 2004, the band released their fifth EP, Rolling Stone Original. The EP is only available digitally. On November 22, 2005 they released their first video album, Papa Roach: Live & Murderous in Chicago.

In 2005, the band spent a large proportion of the year on tour. This included a full United States and European tour alongside bands such as Slipknot, Dead Poetic, Trust Company, Chronic Future, Skindred, 311 and Unwritten Law.

[edit] The Paramour Sessions and departure of Dave Buckner: 2006–2008

On September 12, 2006 Papa Roach released their fourth major-label album The Paramour Sessions. The band chose the title in respect to the recording location, the Paramour Mansion. The band was given the idea of doing an album in a mansion while they were recording Getting Away with Murder, recording in a manor was getting popular for the unique sound and feeling (which is reflected on the lyrics) of recording in a manor, Jacoby Shaddix stated it on a fan board. He also stated that the album was likely to be titled Days of war, Nights of Love, which is a lyrical quote from the song "No More Secrets" on the album, as well as an anarchic book published by CrimethInc. in 2000. Other tentative titles for the album were "Redemption" and "Forever", the title of the album's second single. The band hadn't picked their first single but had narrowed it down to "Crash", "What Do You Do?", and "Forever". However, "...To Be Loved" ended up being the first single for the album, and was the official theme song for WWE Raw from 2006 to 2009 until being replaced by "Burn It to the Ground" by Nickelback. The album marked a more alternative rock-based sound compared to earlier efforts but still contained the softer ballads akin to Getting Away with Murder. The album debuted at #16 on the Billboard 200 Charts.

The band started touring their new album in August 2006, with an American tour followed by one in Europe. On October 2006, Papa Roach toured with bands such as Guns N' Roses, during their Chinese Democracy tour, and Deftones throughout the United States, having major success. They were also the special guest band during the Zippo Hot Tour with Hed PE and Eyes Set To Kill.

On October 10, 2006 a String Quartet tribute album entitled Perfect Murder: Strung Out on Papa Roach was released by Vitamin Records.^[4]

The band originally planned to release a compilation of acoustic recordings for their songs, such as "Forever", "Scars", and "Not Coming Home", which was recorded for KROQ-FM's charity Christmas album, Kevin and Bean's Super Christmas. The acoustic compilation has since been cancelled. In an interview with billboard.com, Jacoby Shaddix, had stated that he didn't think fans are quite ready for the acoustic direction.^[5]

On April 25, it was announced that drummer Dave Buckner would be sitting out the band's current tour. A statement issued by the group's record label said, "Buckner has taken time off from touring with the band due to personal matters". He was expected to rejoin the group later. Jacoby Shaddix later confirmed in an interview with Launch Radio Networks that Dave had checked himself into rehab, stating "Dave, he went to rehab and went to go clean his act up 'cause he was out of his mind". Unwritten Law drummer, Tony Palermo filled in on drums for touring duties.^[6]

"Forever" is the second single from The Paramour Sessions and was in heavy rotation across America. On May 23, 2007, more than four months after the album's second single, "Forever", had impacted radio stations, the band shot the official video for the song in Los Angeles, directed by Meiert Avis. Dave Buckner was in the video and had returned from rehab at that time. On June 15, the single was released and the video made its official debut on AOL.^[7]

On July 17, the band released their sixth EP, Live Session (iTunes Exclusive). On July 24, they released their seventh EP, Hit 3 Pack: Forever. Both EPs are available exclusively through iTunes.

On January 28, 2008 Jacoby announced on Papa Roach's MySpace that Buckner would officially be parting ways with Papa Roach for good. He stated that Dave was still trying to get his life back together. Jacoby also mentioned that the band would be going back to the Paramour Mansion for the next month to begin work on their fifth studio album. Tony Palermo would continue drumming with the band for their upcoming album and for their tour in support of the album.

[edit] Metamorphosis and Tours: 2008–2010

In an interview in February 2008 with 99.7 The Blitz, a rock radio station in Columbus, Ohio, Jacoby Shaddix stated that the band was currently working on their new album, which, like The Paramour Sessions, was to be titled Days of War, Nights of Love, which is a lyrical quote from the song "No More Secrets" and the titles of two songs from the album: "Days of War" and "Nights of Love". However, the album was renamed to Metamorphosis to mark the band's ten years since their signing with DreamWorks Records in 1999 and to mark all of the changes the band has gone through in the past ten years.

On April 15, Papa Roach announced they would be touring as part of Mötley Crüe's Crüe Fest, along with Buckcherry, Sixx:A.M., and Trapt. The tour began on July 1 in West Palm Beach, Florida.^[8] The release date for the album was confirmed as August 26 during Crüe Fest. During the tour, Tony Palermo served as a touring drummer for Sixx:A.M., as the band didn't have a drummer because the band never planned on touring and James Michael programmed all the drums on The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack.

The band also went on tour with Seether, Staind, and Red later in the year. They changed the release date of Metamorphosis to March 24, 2009 during that tour.

On October 26, Papa Roach released the music video for the song, "Hollywood Whore", and was released as an EP in Canada and as a digital single on October 28. According to the band, the video was just something for the fans while they waited for Metamorphosis, and was not intended to be a single. The album's first official single, "Lifeline", was released on the band's MySpace profile on January 9, 2009. The band also went on tour with Buckcherry, Avenged Sevenfold, and Burn Halo in early 2009. The Crüe Fest DVD was released on March 24, the same day Metamorphosis was released. The second single, "I Almost Told You That I Loved You", was released on June 1. On June 23, they released their ninth EP, Naked and Fearless: Acoustic EP. The EP is available through the Zune Marketplace, iTunes, and Rhapsody.

Papa Roach toured with Nickelback on their Dark Horse Tour through Live Nation outdoor amphitheater's along with Hinder and Saving Abel in the summer. During that tour, Jacoby Shaddix confirmed that "Had Enough" would be the album's third single, before playing the song itself. Online, Papa Roach asked fans what they "Had Enough" of and showed a fan-made video of the song online. Despite this, the music video was not released and was cancelled as a single due to label issues, according to the band.

"Lifeline" was nominated for Fuse TV's Best Video of 2009 contest, beating Metallica's "All Nightmare Long", Daughtry's "No Surprise", Shinedown's "Sound of Madness", and Paramore's "Ignorance", before finishing 2nd to Britney Spears for her song "Circus" in the final round.

[edit] Time for Annihilation and move to Eleven Seven Music: 2010–2012

On January 8, 2010, Jacoby Shaddix announced on Papa Roach's official Twitter account that the band was about to start working on new songs. On February 8, Jerry Horton said that he was at the studio starting to write. The band also said on their website that they would be releasing 'Big News' in the next couple of weeks. The band continued to add to rumors of a new album or other release on twitter.

On February 23, Jerry Horton officially announced that the 'Big News' fans were waiting for was the news of the band new album, a combination of live tracks and new songs. He said that they recorded it on the last run of their 2009 co-headlining tour with Shinedown at the Binghamton, New York show and were recording five new songs in the studio for it.^[9]

In March, Jacoby said he was recording vocals for two new songs called "Nemesis" and "No Matter What".^[10] Later that month, the band released the official teaser for the live album and confirmed that the release date would be in the summer of 2010. In June, on Nikki Sixx's radio show, Sixx Sense, Jacoby confirmed that the final new song for the album would be "The Enemy", and that "Nemesis" had been renamed to "One Track Mind".

In April, the band played two new songs, "Burn" at the Chili Cook Off in Richmond, Virginia on April 17, and "Kick In the Teeth" on April 30. In May, Jerry Horton said in an interview that the name of the album would be Time for Annihilation, and would feature nine live tracks and five new songs, making it a live album and a studio album. He also said that the new single would be "Kick In the Teeth" and that the band switched labels to Eleven Seven Music.^[11] Later, Jacoby added on that the album would be released on August 31.^[12] "Kick In the Teeth" was released as a single on June 22.^[13]

On June 29, the band's former label, Geffen Records, released a greatest hits compilation of the band's biggest hits, titled ...To Be Loved: The Best of Papa Roach. The band, however, told fans not to buy it, saying that the band was making no money off of the album's sales and that the label released the album against the band's will. Masters and/or copyrights by Papa Roach are represented by Downtown Music Publishing. The band no longer owns the rights to their songs, but can still play the songs live.

On August 1, the song "Kick in the Teeth" was leaked onto the internet. Four days later, the rest of the Time for Annihilation album was leaked. Time for Annihilation was released on August 31. The band announced that the next singles from the album would be "Burn" and "No Matter What". They also said they were interested in releasing another live DVD, but want to wait until they have a headlining show in Europe. In October, Papa Roach began the "Monsters of Annihilation" tour with Skillet.

From November 15 to December 13, The band toured with Disturbed, Buckcherry and Halestorm on the Taste of Chaos tour, and from March 1 to March 18, Papa Roach co-headlined the Canada leg of the Jägermeister Music Tour with Buckcherry, and special guests My Darkest Days and Bleeker Ridge.

In an interview, guitarist Jerry Horton said that the band is going to release a new album in 2012 after a tour "We are going to start touring in March 2011 then we'll enter the studio in late September / early October to work on the new album". He also mention that Papa Roach is going to explore "electronic sounds" for this upcoming record.^[14]

In an interview with Upvenue, Tobin Esperance said that Time for Annihilation was really just the end of a decade of Papa Roach. "We put out five major label, full-length records, and we were transitioning from a major label, going independent, and we wanted to do something different [...] we'd always talked about doing a live record, and it turned into 'let's add a couple of bonus songs' [...] and now it's half live, half new songs and it's kind of the past and present of Papa Roach, and I think it's a good representation and a good reminder of what this band's about, [...] and it gives you a look at where our sound can go."^[15]

Starting April 25, Papa Roach will headline the Raid The Nation tour, the first leg consisting of Finger Eleven, and the second leg with Escape the Fate, both legs of the tour will also have special guests Pop Evil. On June 23 and 25, the band will co-headline the Sonisphere Festival with Linkin Park.

Papa Roach played two intimate shows in London and Sheffield in July with the band Yashin.^[16] They also co-headlined the Rock Allegiance Tour from August 24 to September 25 with Buckcherry. Also on the tour was Puddle of Mudd, P.O.D., Red, Crossfade, and Drive A.

Eighth studio album: 2012-present[link]

Papa Roach entered the studio on November 1, 2011 - to work on a new album,^{[citation needed]} aiming for a mid-2012 release.^{[citation needed]} In the meantime, the band contributed a track, "Even If I Could", to the The Avengers soundtrack.

Papa Roach will participate on the Rockstar Uproar Festival, on the main stage.

Musical style[link]

In their early independent releases and on their first two major label albums, Infest and Lovehatetragedy, the band tended to use nu metal and rap metal.^{[citation needed]} Their music has often been described as hard rock, heavy metal, rap rock and post-grunge as well as alternative metal.^{[1][17][18][19]} Additionally, with their 2009 album, Metamorphosis, as the name expresses, the band feels that their music is going through a transformation to "stuff that's...harder and faster",^[20] compared to the softer sound of their last few albums.

Frontman Jacoby Shaddix said the following in an interview with the Dallas Music Guide regarding the band no longer using rapping in their music: "...the rapping's gone! I don't feel like rapping. I'm just over that...I just want to be a rocker. It's what I wanted to be when I was a kid". Shaddix has added this remark in another interview: "We’re a band that tries to walk that line between metal, hardcore, punk rock and pop music, and we do our best at trying to make it all cool".^[21]

Guitarist Jerry Horton said later in an interview by VerdamMnis Magazine that "It's kind of a natural thing for us, we've always been changing throughout the years. Of course, there are some things that stay the same in our sound but we do like to try new things to sort of stretch out a little bit our basis and therefore make it more interesting". He also said that the band is going to explore "electronic sounds for the next record".^[14]

Band members[link]

Current members

• Jacoby Shaddix - lead vocals (1993–present)
• Jerry Horton - lead guitar, backing vocals (1993–present)
• Tobin Esperance - bass guitar, rhythm guitar, programming, backing vocals (1997–present)
• Tony Palermo - drums, percussion (2008–present)

Former members

• Will James - bass guitar, backing vocals (1993–1997)
• Dave Buckner - drums, percussion (1993–2008)

Former session members

• Ben Luther - trombone (1993)
• Ryan Brown - drums, percussion (1994)
• Mike Doherty - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2002)

Discography[link]

• Old Friends from Young Years (1997)
• Infest (2000)
• Lovehatetragedy (2002)
• Getting Away with Murder (2004)
• The Paramour Sessions (2006)
• Metamorphosis (2009)
• Time for Annihilation (2010)

Awards and Nominations[link]

Grammy Awards

Mtv Video Music Awards

Tours[link]

• Warped Tour (2000)
• Issues Tour (2000) with Korn and Powerman 5000
• Total Request Live Tour (2000) with (həd) p.e. and Taproot
• Raid the Nation Tour (2001) with Orgy, (həd) p.e. and Alien Ant Farm
• Ozzfest (2001)
• Headlining tour (2003) with Nonpoint, Reach 454 and Die Trying
• The Bad Boys of Rock Tour (2007) with Buckcherry, The Exies, 12 Stones, Hinder and Rev Theory
• Crüe Fest (2008) with Mötley Crüe, Buckcherry, Trapt and Sixx:A.M.
• The Illusion of Progress Tour (2008) with Staind, Seether, Red and State of Shock
• Dark Horse Tour (2009) with Nickelback, Hinder and Saving Abel
• Headling Fall Tour (2009) with Jet, Kill Hannah and Aranda
• Headling December Tour (2009) with Shinedown and Halestorm
• Headling Spring Tour (2010) with Puddle of Mudd, 12 Stones, Hellyeah, Adelitas Way and Seasons After
• Monsters of Annihilation Tour (2010) with Trapt, Skillet and My Darkest Days
• Taste of Chaos Tour (2010) with Disturbed, Buckcherry and Halestorm
• Jägermeister Music Tour (2011) with Buckcherry, My Darkest Days and Bleeker Ridge
• Q101 Jamboree (2011) with Sum 41, Seether and 30 Seconds To Mars
• Raid the Nation the Finger Eleven and Pop Evil
• Rock Allegiance Tour (2011) with Drive A, Crossfade, RED, P.O.D., Puddle of Mudd, Buckcherry
• Uproar Festival (2012) with Staind, Shinedown, Godsmack, P.O.D., Fozzy and Adelitss Way.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website