Berthe Morisot was a woman of extraordinary talents who carved for herself a career within the art world of nineteenth century
Paris. She was one of only a few women who exhibited with both the
Paris Salon and the highly influential and innovative
Impressionists. Her work endures today as a major representative of the Impressionist school.
Morisot's art depicts the world of the bourgeoise , their clothes, their lifestyle, their surroundings, and her relationships. Through her unusual talent, the modern viewer can see the usual, everyday life led by the nineteenth century bourgeoises.
Berthe Morisot was born in 1841 (the same year as
Pierre Auguste Renoir, her future colleague, advisor, and friend) to Edmé-Tiburce Morisot and
Marie Corneille Thomas. Though her father had aspired to follow his father's footsteps and become an architect, Mr. Morisot was in the service of the government. No mere civil servant, Morisot steadily rose to become prefect of the
Département du
Cher by the time
Berthe was born. After the family moved to the
Parisian suburb of
Passy during the revolutionary year of
1848, Berthe's father continued to work as a highly paid government official. His family was able to live a comfortably well off, haute-bourgeois lifestyle.
In 1858
Madame Morisot inspired her daughters to paint. She desired that the three girls take art lessons so that they could present a birthday gift to their father. She sent them first to the academic painter
Geoffrey Alphonse Chocarne who focused his teachings on drawing, and soon afterward to
Joseph Benoît Guichard, a former student of both
Ingres and
Delacroix. Though the eldest daughter quickly decided that she was not interested in continuing these lessons, Edmé and Berthe enthusiastically applied themselves to his instruction. Under Guichard's tutelage, the Morisot sisters began to journey to the
Louvre in order to study the old masters first hand. This was a self-educational technique which Berthe would return to all of her life.
Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [
O.S. 21 March] 1685 -- 28 July 1750) was a
German composer and musician of the
Baroque period. He enriched established German styles through his skill in counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and the
adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from
Italy and
France.
Bach's compositions include the
Brandenburg concertos, the
Mass in B minor,
The Well-Tempered Clavier, two
Passions, keyboard works, and more than
300 cantatas, of which nearly
100 cantatas have been lost to posterity. His music is revered for its intellectual depth, technical command, and artistic beauty.
Bach was born in
Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, into a great musical family; his father,
Johann Ambrosius Bach, was the director of the town musicians, and all of his uncles were professional musicians. His father probably taught him to play violin and harpsichord, and his brother,
Johann Christoph Bach, taught him the clavichord and exposed him to much contemporary music.
Apparently at his own initiative, Bach attended
St Michael's School in
Lüneburg for two years. After graduating, he held several musical posts across
Germany: he served as Kapellmeister (director of music) to
Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen,
Cantor of the
Thomasschule in
Leipzig, and
Royal Court Composer to
August III. Bach's health and vision declined in 1749, and he died on 28 July 1750.
Modern historians believe that his death was caused by a combination of stroke and pneumonia.
Bach's abilities as an organist were highly respected throughout
Europe during his lifetime, although he was not widely recognised as a great composer until a revival of interest and performances of his music in the first half of the nineteenth century. He is now generally regarded as one of the main composers of the Baroque period, and as one of the greatest composers of all time
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- published: 20 May 2014
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