Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

Related Topics

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Linear Equations
• Applied Physics
• Nano Technology
• Engineering Sciences
• Mathematical Medicine
• Fluid dynamics
• Computational Mathematics
• Gamma Ray Optics
• Onfrared Optics
• Relative Velocity
• Iciam
• Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience Research
• Quantum Cosmology
• Brain Research

• Alfred John Raymond
• Allen Raymond
• Antonin Raymond
• Domesday Book
• Early Middle Ages
• Eric S. Raymond
• Eugene Raymond
• Gary Raymond
• Germanic languages
• Given name
• Gothic language
• Henry Jarvis Raymond
• Jade Raymond
• Jonathan Raymond
• Lee Raymond
• Lisa Raymond
• Male
• Mason Raymond
• Mondo Browne
• Nathaniel Raymond
• Old German
• Old High German
• Ray (disambiguation)
• Ray Bolger
• Ray Carver
• Ray Kluun
• Ray Kurzweil
• Raymond
• Raymond Barone
• Raymond Berry
• Raymond Bessone
• Raymond Blanc
• Raymond Briggs
• Raymond Burr
• Raymond Cattell
• Raymond Chandler
• Raymond Cocteau
• Raymond Davis, Jr.
• Raymond Domenech
• Raymond E. Feist
• Raymond Gutierrez
• Raymond Ho
• Raymond Kelly
• Raymond Lahey
• Raymond Lam
• Raymond Leo Burke
• Raymond Loewy
• Raymond Massey
• Raymond McCreesh
• Raymond Murray
• Raymond Nonnatus
• Raymond of Aguilers
• Raymond of Burgundy
• Raymond of Penyafort
• Raymond of Poitiers
• Raymond Pettibon
• Raymond Queneau
• Raymond Scott
• Raymond Smullyan
• Raymond Stantz
• Raymond Washington
• Raymond Williams
• Raymond Wong (actor)
• Raymond-Roupen
• Rein
• Reingard
• Reynard
• Reynold
• Suze Raymond
• Thomas Lynch Raymond
• Tito Raymond
• Usher (entertainer)
• 
  

• Raymond Washington
  Raymond Lee Washington (August 14, 1953 – August 9, 1979) was the original founder of the South Central Los Angeles street gang the Crips.
  Washington is believed to have initially formed the Baby Avenues street gang, which became the Avenue Cribs before the name evolved into the Crips, because he wanted to form a gang that could protect their territory in South Central and prevent criminal and more violent gangs outside the territory.
  He disliked firearms and knives, and believed that fist fighting and hand-to-hand combat was the most effective way to resolve differences. By the time of his death, however, his influence on the gang had diminished and firearms had become widely used. Washington was murdered in South Central Los Angeles on August 9, 1979, and the murder has remained unsolved.
  Washington was born in Los Angeles, California, the youngest of four sons to Violet Samuel and Reginald Washington. They had three older brothers and one younger half-brother, Derard S. Barton, conceived from his mother's second marriage. His parents separated when he was two years old, Washington was raised by his mother and stepfather on East 76th Street, between Wadsworth and Central Avenues in South Los Angeles.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Washington

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  Alex Raymond
  Alexander Gillespie "Alex" Raymond (October 2, 1909 – September 6, 1956) was an American cartoonist, best known for creating Flash Gordon for King Features in 1934. The strip was subsequently adapted into many other media, from a series of movie serials (1936–1940) to a 1970s television series and a 1980 film.
  Raymond's father encouraged his love of drawing from an early age, leading him to become an assistant illustrator in the early 1930s on strips such as Tillie the Toiler and Tim Tyler's Luck. Towards the end of 1933, Raymond created the epic Flash Gordon science-fiction comic strip to compete with the popular Buck Rogers comic strip and, before long, Flash was the more popular strip of the two. Raymond also worked on the jungle adventure saga Jungle Jim and spy adventure Secret Agent X-9 concurrently with Flash, though his increasing workload caused him to leave Secret Agent X-9 to another artist by 1935. He left the strips in 1944 to join the Marines, saw combat in the Pacific Ocean theater in 1945 and was demobilized in 1946. Upon his return from serving during World War II, Raymond created and illustrated the much-heralded Rip Kirby, a private detective comic strip. In 1956, Raymond was killed in a car crash at the age of 46; he was survived by his wife and five children.
  
  wn.com/Alex_Raymond
• Alfred John Raymond
  Alfred John Raymond (1 February 1856 – 14 October 1935) was mayor of Brisbane in 1912.
  Alfred was born in Clifton, Bristol, England to parents Henry George Raymond and Mary Ann (née Hewland), the fifth of eight children. The family lived at 16 Camden Terrace, Clifton.
  Alfred like his father was a carpenter and builder by trade and was probably apprenticed to his father. Apart from this, we know little of his early life, other than that his family were staunch supporters of the Hope Chapel, a Congregational Church a few streets from their home. Alfred was a deeply devout man throughout his life and an active lay worker in the Congregational Church.
  In 1878, Alfred married Elizabeth (Bessie) Paul and they had two sons, Alfred (known as Fred, born 1879) and Leslie (born 1882). Elizabeth suffered from some illness, possibly tuberculosis, and it was advised that she move to a warmer climate for her health. So the family immigrated to Queensland on the "Duke of Buckingham", arrived at Cooktown on 27 January 1884 and then continued south to Brisbane.
  
  wn.com/Alfred_John_Raymond
• Allen Raymond
  Allen Raymond is a former Republican political consultant in the United States who spent three months in federal prison for his role in the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal, for which he was convicted of making harassing phone calls across state lines, a felony. Raymond is the author of the book, How To Rig an Election: Confessions of a Republican Operative (2008).
  Raymond told investigators that his former Republican National Committee colleague James Tobin approached him with a plan to tie up the phones of New Hampshire Democrats on Election Day 2002, during a close Senate race between Republican John E. Sununu and Democrat Jeanne Shaheen. Raymond collected $15,600 from the New Hampshire Republican State Committee and paid a small Idaho telemarketing company $2,300 to make non-stop hangup phone calls to six New Hampshire phone lines. Five of these were being used by Democrats to get out the vote; the sixth belonged to the Manchester Firefighters' Union, which offers non-partisan but mostly liberal rides to the polls.
  
  wn.com/Allen_Raymond
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  Antonin Raymond
  Antonin Raymond, or Czech: Antonín Raymond, born: Czech: Antonín Reimann (10 May 1888, Kladno – 21 November 1976 Langhorne, Pennsylvania) was a Czech architect, who lived and worked in the USA and Japan. His initial work with American architects Cass Gilbert and Frank Lloyd Wright gave him an insight into the use of concrete for texture and structure that he would refine throughout his six decade career.
  At studio practices in New Hope, Pennsylvania and Tokyo, he explored traditional Japanese building techniques with the latest American building innovations. He applied these principles to a wide range of projects in Japan, America and India.
  He is recognized as the father of modern architecture in Japan.
  Raymond was born on 10 May 1888, in Kladno, Central Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) to Alois Reimann and his wife Růžena. Following the death of his mother and the bankruptcy of his father's shop the family moved to Prague in 1905. Raymond started at the Reálné gymnasium (secondary school aimed at more technical/practical sciences) in Kladno, then continued on the same kind of school in Prague.
  
  wn.com/Antonin_Raymond
• Eugene Raymond
  Major-General Eugene Raymond SSA SM (born 1923) was a South African military commander. A medical doctor, he joined the South African Army's medical corps in 1952, and was appointed Surgeon-General at Defence Headquarters in 1960. When the medical services were centralised in 1968 he became the chief of the new organisation. He retired from military service in 1969.
  Militaria - Official Professional Journal of the SADF (Vol 12/2: 1982)
  
  
  
  wn.com/Eugene_Raymond
• Gary Raymond
  Gary Raymond (born 20 April 1935 in Brixton, London, England, UK) is an English actor.
  He made his film debut as Cliff Lewis in Tony Richardson's film adaptation of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger (1958), opposite Richard Burton and Claire Bloom. Subsequent films included: The Moonraker (1958), Suddenly, Last Summer (1959), El Cid (1961), The Playboy of the Western World (1962), Jason and the Argonauts (1963), and The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), as the apostle Simon bar Jonah who becomes Peter the Rock.
  He is also well-known for his role in the popular late-1960s American television show, The Rat Patrol (1966-68). He has continued acting on film and TV, and has been married since 1961 to actress Delena Kidd, with whom he has three children, the youngest being actress Emily Raymond, wife of the British actor Ben Miles.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Gary_Raymond
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  Henry Jarvis Raymond
  Henry Jarvis Raymond (January 24, 1820 – June 18, 1869) was an American journalist and politician and founder of The New York Times.
  He was born on January 24, 1820, on the family farm near Lima, New York, a son and the eldest child of Lavinia Brockway, the daughter of Clark Brockway and Sally Wade and Jarvis Raymond, the son of Jonathan P. Raymond and Hannah Jarvis.
  He was an 8th generation direct lineal descendant of Captain Richard Raymond, (1602–1692), and his wife, Judith. There is no evidence to suggest that he was born in Essex, England, although Samuel Raymond's family history makes that claim, and he arrived in Salem, Massachusetts about 1629/30, possibly with a contingent led by the Rev. Francis Higginson. The first actual date given for Richard is on August 6, 1629, when he is on the list of the 30 founding members of the First Church (Congregational) of Salem. He was about 27 years old. He was made a Freeman of Salem in 1634 and was later a founder of Norwalk, Connecticut, and an "honored forefather of Saybrook".
  
  wn.com/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond
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  Jade Raymond
  Jade Raymond (born 28 August 1975 in Montreal, Canada) is a Canadian video game executive and the Managing Director of Ubisoft Toronto.
  Jade Raymond graduated from Marianopolis College in 1994 and McGill University's computer science program in 1998. Her first post-university job was as a programmer for Sony, where she eventually helped in the creation of Sony Online's first Research and Development group. This led to Electronic Arts where she worked as a producer on The Sims Online. In 2004, she started working for Ubisoft Montreal, where she was appointed as producer of Assassin's Creed.
  Raymond later joined the G4 program The Electric Playground as a correspondent, working with Victor Lucas, Tommy Tallarico and Julie Stoffer. She volunteers for a non-profit organization called LOVE, dedicated to ending violence among youth in Canada. Raymond considers herself an avid gamer. In July 2009, Jade was named Managing Director of Ubisoft Toronto studio. She currently lives in Toronto with her husband and daughter.
  
  wn.com/Jade_Raymond
• Jonathan Raymond
  Jonathan Raymond is an American writer living in Portland, Oregon.
  He published his first novel, The Half-Life in May of 2004. He has also worked as a screenwriter and wrote the short story inspired by the photography of Justine Kurland on which the film Old Joy is based.Old Joy was shown at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival and the 2006 Rotterdam International Film Festival and stars musician Will Oldham. Raymond also co-wrote the 2008 film Wendy and Lucy starring Michelle Williams. Both Old Joy and Wendy and Lucy are based on short stories published in Raymond's 2008 collection, Livability, which won the Oregon Book Award's Ken Kesey Award for Fiction in 2009.
  Raymond's professional duties include co-editing Tin House, editing Plazm, art criticism for Artforum and Modern Painters, and teaching through The New School.^{[citation needed]}
  
  
  
  wn.com/Jonathan_Raymond
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  Lee Raymond
  Lee R. Raymond (born August 13, 1938) was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of ExxonMobil from 1999 to 2005. He had previously been the CEO of Exxon since 1993. He joined the company in 1963 and has been president since 1987 and a director since 1984.
  During his tenure at ExxonMobil, Raymond was often criticized for his anti-global-warming rhetoric.
  On August 4, 2005, Raymond announced that he would retire at the end of 2005 as ExxonMobil's Chairman and CEO. ExxonMobil president Rex W. Tillerson succeeded Raymond on 1 January 2006. On April 14, 2006, it was reported that Raymond's retirement package was worth about $400 million, the largest in history for a U.S. public company. However, the majority of that sum consisted of retirement-independent salary, bonuses, stock options, and restricted stock awards from his final year and prior years that, while high, are by no means unprecedented among major American CEOs. Retirement-specific payments in accordance with the standard pension plan provided to all ExxonMobil employees totaled around $100 million, calculated based on his over forty years of service and his salary upon retirement.
  
  wn.com/Lee_Raymond
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  Lisa Raymond
  Lisa Raymond (born August 10, 1973) is an American professional tennis player who has achieved notable success in doubles tennis. On June 12, 2000, she reached the world number one ranking in doubles. Her career high singles ranking was fifteenth in October 1997.
  Earning more than US$8 million in prize money in her career, Raymond has reached the quarterfinals in singles at the Australian Open and at Wimbledon. Raymond, who plays right-handed, has wins over Venus Williams, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Monica Seles, Jennifer Capriati and Martina Hingis. She also is one of the few players to win a career Grand Slam in doubles.
  Of her four singles titles, two have come at the Cellular South Cup in Memphis, Tennessee.
  Raymond was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania. She received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where she played for coach Andy Brandi's Florida Gators women's tennis team. As a Gator, she won the NCAA singles title in 1992 and 1993 and led the Gators to their first-ever NCAA national team championship in 1992. She was the first player to win all three collegiate Grand Slam titles in a single season (1992). She received the 1992 Volvo Rookie of the Year award, the 1992 Tennis Magazine Collegiate Player of the Year award, the 1992 and 1993 Broderick Award, and the 1993 Honda Award for collegiate tennis.
  
  wn.com/Lisa_Raymond
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  Mason Raymond
  Mason Evan Raymond (born September 17, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey winger currently playing for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Born in Cochrane, Alberta, he played Junior A in the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) for two seasons, where he captured league and regional titles with the Camrose Kodiaks, while also being named league MVP in 2005. He then joined the college ranks with the Minnesota-Duluth Bulldogs of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) for a two-year tenure there, as well. He earned WCHA All-Rookie honours in 2006, WCHA First Team All-Star honours in 2007, and was also named the Bulldogs' most valuable player in 2007. Raymond was drafted by the Canucks in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft in the second round, 51st overall. After spending parts of two seasons with their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Manitoba Moose, he joined the club full-time in 2007–08. He is known as a fast-skating offensive player.
  After playing AAA midget with the Strathmore Bisons of the Foothills Bisons Hockey Association, Raymond began a two-year Junior A career with the Camrose Kodiaks of the AJHL in 2003–04. Raymond had been hesitant about pursuing his career due to a lack of interest from major junior teams, but his friend Dan Bertram encouraged him to play with him in Camrose. Bertram also played midget with Raymond and went on to be a Chicago Blackhawks draft pick, three selections after him.
  
  wn.com/Mason_Raymond
• Mondo Browne
  Raymond "Mondo" Browne, played by Gano Grills, is a fictional character on the HBO TV series Oz.
  Prisoner #00B563. Convicted April 10, 2000 - First degree murder. Sentence: 27 years, eligible for parole in 11.
  A member of the "Homeboys" gang, he is in prison for murdering, skinning, and dismembering a pregnant white woman, and is let in Emerald City when inmate Simon Adebisi is in charge. Browne is later killed by Chris Keller as Em City becomes overwhelmingly black.
  Mondo is seen as a background Homeboy living in Em City (most notably queuing outside Sister Pete's office complaining about congugal visits and watching a television news report on Johnny Post's murder), although he wasn't named. It's possible that Browne was convicted of a crime then released before his introduction as main cast member in season 4.
  Mondo and Leroy Tidd are shown attacking Bruno Goergen, a bigoted and corrupt police officer serving time in Oz for murder. Browne is later transferred to Em City as one of the many black inmates hand selected by Adebisi and Martin Querns. In Em City, Browne and Tidd first attempt to rape Cyril O'Reily, but he fights back, and Adebisi and Cyril's older brother, Ryan, warn them not to try it again.
  
  wn.com/Mondo_Browne
• Nathaniel Raymond
  Nathaniel Raymond (born November 11, 1977) is an American human rights investigator, specializing in the prevention and detection of torture. Raymond is best known for his leadership of the anti-torture campaign at Physicians for Human Rights, and his usage of satellite surveillance in the South Sudan as part of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's Satellite Sentinel Project. Raymond is an advocate of the use of intelligence by human rights groups and other non-governmental organizations.
  Nathaniel Adam Raymond was born in Massachusetts in 1977 to Richard N. Raymond, an antiques dealer, and Susan Swedis, a biology and environmental science professor. He grew up in the towns of Brimfield and Northborough in Massachusetts. Raymond is a graduate of Drew University in Madison, New Jersey with a B.A. in Religious Studies. Raymond resides in Northampton, Massachusetts, and is engaged to Megan Griscom, a Harvard-educated architect. He has a younger sister who is a business owner.
  Raymond was the director of Physicians for Human Rights' investigation into torture by the United States government and other governments as part of the War on Terror. He led an inquiry into an alleged 2001 Dasht-e-Leili massacre in northern Afghanistan, which included the discovery of a mass grave site in 2002. Raymond directed an investigation into the role of psychologists during torture sessions, and has alleged that the American Psychological Association (APA) changed its ethics policy specifically to allow psychologists to be present during investigations when torture is used. In an interview with the New Yorker magazine, Raymond stated, "This is arguably the single greatest medical-ethics scandal in American history."
  
  wn.com/Nathaniel_Raymond
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  Ray Bolger
  Raymond Wallace "Ray" Bolger (January 10, 1904 – January 15, 1987) was an American entertainer of stage and screen, best known for his portrayal of the Scarecrow and Kansas farmworker Hunk in The Wizard of Oz.
  Bolger was born into an Irish Catholic family in Dorchester, a section of Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Anne (née Wallace) and James Edward Bolger. He was inspired by the vaudeville shows he attended when he was young to become an entertainer himself. He began his career in a vaudeville tab show, creating the act "Sanford & Bolger" with his dance partner. In 1926, he danced at New York City's legendary Palace Theatre, the top vaudeville theatre in the country. His limber body and ability to ad lib movement won him many starring roles on Broadway in the 1930s. Eventually, his career would also encompass film, television and nightclub work.
  Bolger's film career began when he signed a contract with MGM in 1936. His best-known film appearance prior to The Wizard of Oz was The Great Ziegfeld (1936), in which he portrayed himself. He also appeared in Sweethearts, (1938) the first MGM film in Technicolor, starring Nelson Eddy, Jeanette MacDonald, and Bolger's future Oz co-star, Frank Morgan, as well as the 1937 Eleanor Powell vehicle Rosalie, which also starred Eddy and Morgan. Following Oz, Bolger moved to RKO.
  
  wn.com/Ray_Bolger
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  Ray Kluun
  Raijmondus "Raymond" Godefriedus Norbert van de Klundert (also known as Ray Kluun or simply Kluun, born 17 April 1964) is a Dutch author. He is well known for his novel Love Life (Dutch: Komt een vrouw bij de dokter), in which he documents a fictionalized version of his own life story; a husband committing adultery while his wife is dying of cancer.
  Kluun's wife Judith died from breast cancer at 36 years old (2000). He wanted to express his feelings for his late wife, so he used his experience to write his first novel Komt een vrouw bij de dokter (Love Life) 3 years later in 2003. He then wrote the sequel De weduwnaar (The widower) to talk about his move to Australia with their daughter after Judith died.
  
  wn.com/Ray_Kluun
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  Ray Kurzweil
  Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (/ˈkɜrzwaɪl/ KURZ-wyl; born February 12, 1948) is an American author, inventor and futurist. Aside from futurology, he is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic keyboard instruments. He is the author of several books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), transhumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism.
  Ray Kurzweil grew up in the New York City borough of Queens. He was born to secular Jewish parents who had escaped Austria just before the onset of World War II, and he was exposed via Unitarian Universalism to a diversity of religious faiths during his upbringing. His father was a musician and composer and his mother was a visual artist. His uncle, an engineer at Bell Labs, taught young Ray the basics of computer science. In his youth, he was an avid reader of science fiction literature. In 1963, at age fifteen, he wrote his first computer program. Later in high school he created a pattern-recognition software program that analyzed the works of classical composers, and then synthesized its own songs in similar styles. In 1965, he was invited to appear on the CBS television program I've Got a Secret, where he performed a piano piece that was composed by a computer he also had built. Later that year, he won first prize in the International Science Fair for the invention; he was also recognized by the Westinghouse Talent Search and was personally congratulated by President Lyndon B. Johnson during a White House ceremony.
  
  wn.com/Ray_Kurzweil
• Raymond Berry
  Raymond Emmett Berry (born February 27, 1933) is a former football wide receiver. He played for the Baltimore Colts during their two NFL championship wins. He later had a career in coaching, highlighted by his trip to Super Bowl XX as head coach of the New England Patriots. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
  Raymond Berry enlisted as a private in the Maryland Army National Guard on May 17, 1957. He was assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 684th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion (90 mm Gun), located near Baltimore. He subsequently served in Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 684th Missile Battalion (Nike); Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 224th Field Artillery Group; Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 691st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group; and Company B, 16th Special Forces Group, all components of the Maryland National Guard.^{[citation needed]} He was discharged from the National Guard in March 1963, at the end of his second enlistment, with the rank of Specialist Four.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Berry
• Raymond Bessone
  Raymond Bessone (11 May 1911 – 17 April 1992), known as Mr Teasy-Weasy, Teasie Weasie Raymond and various combinations of these, was a British hairdresser from the 1930s to the 1960s.
  Bessone was born 'Raimondo Pietro Carlo Bessone' at 61, Wardour Street, Soho, London, England of Italian and French parentage. He subsequently Anglicised his name, and legally changed it by deed poll, to Peter Carlo Bessone Raymond. His name is sometimes, but incorrectly, given as Pierre Raymond Bessone. He was married to the actress Rosalie Ashley. Bessone received the OBE in 1982. He died in Berkshire on 17 April 1992, aged 80.
  Bessone began his career making false beards and moustaches in his father's barber shop. He subsequently opened his own salon in Mayfair, where he trained Vidal Sassoon. Sassoon said, about Bessone, in 2010, that "He really taught me how to cut hair ... I'd never have achieved what I have without him." Building on his first salon, Bessone developed a chain of highly fashionable salons in the West End. He later opened outlets in several major cities, including Birmingham.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Bessone
• Raymond Blanc
  Raymond Blanc OBE (born 19 November 1949) is a French chef, born in Besançon, France. Today he is one of the Britain's most respected chefs^{[citation needed]}. Blanc is the owner and chef at Le Manoir aux Quat' Saisons, a hotel-restaurant in Great Milton, Oxfordshire, England. The restaurant has two Michelin stars and scored 9/10 in the Good Food Guide. He is entirely self-taught.
  Blanc was born in Besançon, the capital of the Franche-Comté region in eastern France, between Burgundy and the Jura mountains. While his two sisters were taught to cook by the influential Maman Blanc, his father taught Blanc and his two brothers to work in the kitchen garden. His father gave him a calendar and foraging map for his 10th birthday, and what he collected his mother taught him to cook.
  Training as a waiter, he worked at the Michelin-starred Le Palais de la Bière in Besançon. Fired in 1972 for upsetting the head chef (Blanc offered him advice on how to cook), the manager knew of a job in England.
  Not speaking English well enough to survive without a notepad, he was dispatched to The Rose Revived in Newbridge, Oxfordshire, arriving three days after arriving in Dover in his Renault 5 Gordini. Blanc married the owner's daughter Jenny, and the couple had two sons.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Blanc
• Raymond Briggs
  Raymond Redvers Briggs (born 18 January 1934) is an English illustrator, cartoonist, graphic novelist and author, who has achieved critical and popular success among adults and children. He is best known for his story The Snowman, which is shown every Christmas on British television in cartoon form and on the stage as a musical.
  Raymond Briggs was born in Wimbledon, London, England, to parents Ethel and Ernest Briggs, a lady's maid and a milkman. He attended Rutlish School for Boys (then a grammar school), pursued cartooning from an early age and, despite his father's attempts to discourage him from this unprofitable pursuit, attended the Wimbledon School of Art from 1949 to 1953 to study painting, and Central School of Art to study typography.
  From 1953 to 1955 he was a conscript in the Royal Corps of Signals at Catterick where he was made a draughtsman. After these two years of National Service, he returned to the study of painting at Slade School of Fine Art at University College, London, graduating in 1957.
  
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  Raymond Burr
  Raymond William Stacey Burr (May 21, 1917 – September 12, 1993) was a Canadian actor, primarily known for his title roles in the television dramas Perry Mason and Ironside. His early acting career included roles on Broadway, radio, television and in film, usually as the villain. He won two Emmy Awards in 1959 and 1961 for the role of Perry Mason, which he played for nine seasons between 1957 and 1966. His second hit series, Ironside, earned him six Emmy nominations, and two Golden Globe nominations. He is also widely known for his role as Steve Martin in both Godzilla, King of the Monsters! and Godzilla 1985.
  In addition to acting, Burr owned an orchid business and had begun to grow a vineyard. He was a collector of wines and art, and was very fond of cooking.
  After his death from cancer in 1993, Burr's personal life came into question as details of his known biography appeared to be unverifiable.
  In 1996, Raymond Burr was ranked #44 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.
  Burr was born Raymond William Stacey Burr in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada, to William Johnston Burr (1889–1985), an Irish hardware salesman, and his wife Minerva (née Smith, 1892–1974), a concert pianist and music teacher, who was of English and Scottish descent. After his parents divorced, Burr moved to Vallejo, California with his mother and younger siblings, Geraldine and James Edmond. He attended a military academy for a while and graduated from Berkeley High School.
  
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  Raymond Cattell
  Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March 1905 – 2 February 1998) was a British and American psychologist, known for his exploration of many areas in psychology. These areas included: the basic dimensions of personality and temperament, a range of cognitive abilities, the dynamic dimensions of motivation and emotion, the clinical dimensions of personality, patterns of group and social behavior, applications of personality research to psychotherapy and learning theory, predictors of creativity and achievement, and many scientific research methods for exploring and measuring these areas. Cattell was famously productive throughout his 92 years, authoring and co-authoring over 50 books and 500 articles, and over 30 standardized tests. According to a widely cited ranking, he was the 16th most influential and eminent psychologist of the 20th century.
  As a psychologist, Cattell was rigorously devoted to the scientific method. He was an early proponent of using factor analytical methods instead of what he called "verbal theorizing" to explore the basic dimensions of personality, motivation, and cognitive abilities. One of the most important results of Cattell's application of factor analysis was his discovery of 16 factors underlying human personality. He called these factors "source traits" because he believed they provide the underlying source for the surface behaviors we think of as personality. This theory of personality factors and the instrument used to measure them are known respectively as the 16 personality factor model and the 16PF Questionnaire.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_Cattell
• Raymond Chandler
  Raymond Thornton Chandler (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and screenwriter.
  In 1932, at age forty-four, Raymond Chandler decided to become a detective fiction writer after losing his job as an oil company executive during the Depression. His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in Black Mask, a popular pulp magazine. His first novel, The Big Sleep, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven full novels during his lifetime (though an eighth in progress at his death was completed by Robert B. Parker). All but "Playback" have been realized into motion pictures, some several times. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.
  Chandler had an immense stylistic influence on American popular literature, and is considered by many to be a founder, along with Dashiell Hammett, James M. Cain and other Black Mask writers, of the hard-boiled school of detective fiction. His creation, (protagonist), Philip Marlowe, along with Hammett's Sam Spade, is considered by some to be synonymous with "private detective," both having been played on screen by Humphrey Bogart, whom many considered to be the quintessential Marlowe.
  
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  Raymond Domenech
  Raymond Domenech (French pronunciation: [ʁɛmɔ̃ dɔmɛnɛk]; born 24 January 1952 in Lyon) is a retired French footballer and the former manager of the France national team.
  On 12 July 2004, Domenech was a surprise choice to succeed Jacques Santini after the country's disappointing exit from UEFA Euro 2004 by losing in the quarter-final match to the eventual tournament-upset winners Greece. He was given the objective by the FFF to reach "at least" the 2006 FIFA World Cup semi-finals.
  France struggled in the qualifiers, even though the team was seeded in a group that included the relatively unheralded teams of Israel and Switzerland. The Republic of Ireland were France's main contenders in the group, and looked like contributing to France's exit until Zinédine Zidane returned to inspire France^{[neutrality is disputed]} to a 1–0 win at Landsdowne Road, ultimately ending the hopes of the Irish. Domenech had to force^{[citation needed]}Claude Makélélé, Lilian Thuram and Zinedine Zidane, members of France's "golden generation," out of international retirement to aid the national team to eventually qualify. The general consensus in France, however, was that France was too dated a side to win the 2006 FIFA World Cup,^{[citation needed]} despite the return of their cherished talisman, Zidane.
  
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• Raymond Gutierrez
  Raymond Kristoffer Rama-Gutierrez (born on January 21, 1984 in Beverly Hills, California), is a TV Host, editor, columnist, endorser, and actor in Philippines. He is best known as one of the hosts of Party Pilipinas and Showbiz Central. He also hosted Pinoy Idol.
  Gutierrez was born in Beverly Hills, California to matinee idol Eddie Gutierrez and talent manager Anabelle Rama.
  Gutierrez is one of six children. He has an older sister, Ruffa Gutierrez, an identical twin, Richard Gutierrez, two older brothers, Rocky and Elvis, and a younger brother, Ritchie Paul. He also has two older half-brothers, actors Tonton Gutierrez and Ramon Christopher De Leon.
  He has American in father's side and Spanish blood in his mother's side.
  He began acting as a child with his twin Richard. He has also worked with his father and his other siblings in some Filipino movies.
  After living for a few years in the Philippines, his family moved to Beverly Hills, California to have a normal life.
  According the his parents, Eddie and Annabelle Gutierrez, Raymond is the funniest among the Gutierrez children. They said that Raymond is the one that makes them laugh the most. His mother added that, among her 6 children, Raymond is the most diligent and that he's their only child who didn't need a tutor while growing up.
  
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• Raymond Ho
  Raymond Ho Chung-tai, SBS, JP, (Chinese: 何鍾泰, born 23 March 1939 in Hong Kong with family roots in Shunde, Guangdong) is the member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Legco), representing engineering industry in functional constituencies seats.
  He is the member of the Alliance in Legco. He is a registered structural engineer and a registered professional engineer in building, civil, environmental, geotechnical and structural. He is the ex-president of Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.
  Raymond was graduated from the Bachelor of Science in Engineering of the University of Hong Kong, and the Doctor of Philosophy of the City University of London.
  
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  Raymond Kelly
  Raymond Walter Kelly (born September 4, 1941) is the current Commissioner of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the first person to hold the post for two non-consecutive tenures. A lifelong New Yorker, Kelly has spent 43 years in the NYPD according to their official site, serving in 25 different commands and as Police Commissioner from 1992 to 1994 and 2002–present. During his tenure with the NYPD, Kelly held most of the department's ranks, except for the Three-Star Bureau Chief, Chief of Department, or Deputy Commissioner. He was promoted directly from Two-Star Chief to First Deputy Commissioner in 1990. After his handling of the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, he was mentioned for the first time as a possible candidate for FBI Director. After Kelly turned down the position, Louis Freeh was appointed.
  Kelly was also in the running to become the first Ambassador to Vietnam, after President Bill Clinton extended full diplomatic relations to that country in 1995.
  In March 2011, New York Senator Charles Schumer publicly recommended Kelly to become the next Director of the FBI.
  
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• Raymond Lahey
  Raymond John Lahey (born May 29, 1940) is a former Roman Catholic Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Antigonish in Nova Scotia. Lahey resigned from his position in the Diocese of Antigonish after being charged with possession of child pornography when members of the Canada Border Services Agency discovered images of concern on his laptop.
  Lahey was born in St. John's, NL on May 29, 1940. He attended St. Paul University at the University of Ottawa, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Theology in 1961, a Licentiate in Theology (L.Th.) in 1963 and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) (magna cum laude) in 1966.
  He was ordained in 1963.
  Lahey's career saw him serve in a combination of clergical and academic positions in Newfoundland and Labrador, and most recently in Nova Scotia.
  On August 7, 2009, Lahey announced that the Diocese of Antigonish had reached a $15 million settlement in a class action lawsuit filed by victims of sexual abuse by diocese priests dating to 1950. The settlement was approved by the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia on September 10, 2009.
  
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  Raymond Lam
  Raymond Lam Fung (born 8 December 1979) is a Hong Kong actor and singer contracted to the television station TVB and EEG's Music Plus label.
  Raymond Lam was born into a wealthy family. His father, Lam Kwok-Wah (林國華), is a renowned real-estate property developer in the mainland referred to as "Xiamen's Li Ka-shing" (廈門李嘉誠) who sits on the board of seven real estate and construction companies. His birthname was Lam Wui-man (林匯文), which later changed to Raymond Lam Fung. The name was changed to give him a fungshui advantage.
  Lam attended the 13th TVB artists training class in 1998 as an auditing student and was offered a contract with TVB upon graduation in September 1998. In the earlier part of his career, Lam appeared as a walk-on in numerous television series and as a host for TVB8. Lam was offered his first lead role (Eternal Happiness) in 2002 after gaining fame and critical success from his portrayal of the ruthless Ying Ching in the historical/science fiction drama A Step into the Past (2001). In 2003, Lam won the TVB Anniversary Award for Most Improved Male Artiste for his performance in Survivor's Law.^{[citation needed]}
  
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  Raymond Leo Burke
  Raymond Leo Burke (born June 30, 1948) is an American Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church. He is the current Cardinal Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, having previously served as Archbishop of St. Louis (2003–2008) and Bishop of La Crosse (1994–2003).
  Burke was born on 30 June, 1948, in Richland Center, Wisconsin, the youngest of the six children of Thomas (died July 21, 1956) and Marie (died February 29, 1996) Burke. He was baptized on July 11. The family later moved to Stratford, Wisconsin. From 1962-68 he attended the Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse, Wisconsin. From 1968-71, he studied at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. as a Basselin scholar and received the degrees Bachelor of Arts (1970) and Master of Arts (1971), both in Philosophy. He completed his studies for the priesthood at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome (1971-75), receiving degrees (Bachelor of Sacred Theology, 1974; Master of Arts, 1975).Pope Paul VI ordained Burke to the priesthood on 29 June 1975 at Saint Peter's Basilica.
  
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  Raymond Loewy
  Raymond Loewy (November 5, 1893 – July 14, 1986) was an industrial designer, and the first^{[citation needed]} to be featured on the cover of Time magazine, on October 31, 1949. Born in France, he spent most of his professional career in the United States. Among his work were the Shell and former BP logos, the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus, Coca-Cola vending machines, the Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 and S-1 locomotives, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators, the Studebaker Avanti and Champion, and the Air Force One livery. His career spanned seven decades.
  Loewy was born in Paris in 1893, the son of Maximilian Loewy, a Viennese journalist, and his French wife, Marie Labalme. An early accomplishment was the design of a successful model aircraft, which then won the Gordon Bennett Cup in 1908. By the following year he was selling the plane, named the Ayrel. He served in the French army during World War I, attaining the rank of captain. Loewy was wounded in combat and received the Croix de guerre. He boarded a ship to America in 1919 with only his French officer's uniform and $50 in his pocket.^{[citation needed]}
  
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  Raymond Massey
  Raymond Hart Massey (August 30, 1896 – July 29, 1983) was a Canadian/American actor.
  Massey was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Anna (née Vincent), who was born in Illinois, and Chester Daniel Massey, the wealthy owner of the Massey-Ferguson Tractor Company. Massey's family could trace their ancestry back to the American Revolutionary War. He attended secondary school briefly at Upper Canada College, before transferring to Appleby College in Oakville, Ontario, and graduated from university at University of Toronto, where both he and his cousin were active members in The Kappa Alpha Society, and Balliol College, Oxford.
  At the outbreak of World War I, he joined the Canadian Army, serving with the artillery on the Western Front. He returned to Canada suffering shell-shock and was engaged as an army instructor for American officers at Yale. In 1918, he was sent to serve in Siberia, where he made his first stage appearance, entertaining American troops on occupation duty. Severely wounded in action in France, he was sent home, where he eventually worked in the family business, selling farm implements.
  
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• Raymond McCreesh
  Raymond Peter "Ray" McCreesh (Irish: Réamann Mac Raois; 25 February 1957 - 21 May 1981) was an Irish republican hunger striker and a volunteer in the South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
  Raymond Peter McCreesh, the seventh in a family of eight children, was born in St. Malachy's Park, Camlough on 25 February 1957. He was born into a strong Republican family, and was active in the Republican movement from the age of 16. McCreesh attended the local primary school in Camlough, St Malachy's, and later attended St Colman's College in Newry. Raymond first joined na Fianna Éireann, the IRA's youth wing, in 1973, and later that year he progressed to join the Provisional IRA's South Armagh Brigade. McCreesh had worked for a short time as steelworker in a predominately loyalist factory in Lisburn. However, As sectarian threats and violence escalated, Raymond switched professions to work as a milk roundsman in his local area of South Armagh: an occupation which greatly increased his knowledge of the surrounding countryside, as well as enabling him to observe the movements of British Army patrols in the area.
  
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• Raymond Murray
  Major General Raymond Leroy Murray (January 30, 1913–November 11, 2004) was a highly-decorated United States Marine Corps officer, who earned two Navy Crosses, one during World War II, and a second during the Korean War. He retired from active duty, August 1, 1968.
  As a Lieutenant Colonel on Saipan during World War II, General Murray was awarded his first Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism under fire, June 15, 1944, while commanding the 2nd Battalion 6th Marines, 2nd Marine Division. During the Korean War, he was twice again cited for extraordinary heroism, earning the Army Distinguished Service Cross during the period of November 29 to December 4, 1950, and a second Navy Cross on December 6 and 7, 1950, as commander of the 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division (Reinforced).
  On July 9, 1935, following graduation from Texas A&M College, he accepted his commission as a Marine Second Lieutenant.
  After completing Basic School at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in March 1936, Lieutenant Murray joined the 2nd Marine Brigade in San Diego, California. Embarking with the brigade for China in September 1937, he served for a short time with the 2nd Battalion in Shanghai. In January 1938, he joined the Marine Detachment at the American Embassy in Peiping. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in August 1938. Upon his return to San Diego in September 1940, he again saw duty with the 2nd Brigade.
  
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• 
  Raymond Nonnatus
  Saint Raymond Nonnatus (Catalan: Sant Ramon Nonat, Spanish: San Ramón Nonato, French: Saint Raymond Nonnat, Maltese: San Rajmondo Nonnato) (1204–1240) was a saint from Catalonia in Spain. His surname (Latin: Nonnatus, "not born") refers to his birth by Caesarean section (his mother died during childbirth). He is the patron saint of childbirth, midwives, children, pregnant women and priests who want to protect the secrecy of confession.
  According to Mercedarian tradition, he was born at La Portella, in the Diocese of Urgell, and became a member of the Mercedarian Order, founded to ransom Christian captives from the Moors of North Africa. He was ordained a priest in 1222 and later became master-general of the order. He traveled to North Africa and is said to have surrendered himself as a hostage when his money ran out.
  He suffered in captivity. A legend states that the Moors bored a hole through his lips with a hot iron, and padlocked his mouth to prevent him from preaching. He was ransomed by his order and in 1239 returned to Spain. He died at Cardona, sixty miles from Barcelona, either on August 26 or on August 31, 1240. Many miracles were attributed to him before and after his death.
  
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  Raymond of Burgundy
  Raymond of Burgundy (Galician, Spanish and Portuguese: Raimundo) was the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy, and was Count of Amous. He came to the Iberian Peninsula for the first time during the period 1086–1087 with Odo I, Duke of Burgundy. He came for the second time (1090) to marry Urraca of Castile, eventual heiress of King Alfonso VI of León and Castile.
  He came with his cousin Henry of Burgundy, who married another daughter of Alfonso VI, Teresa of León (or Portugal). By his marriage Raymond received the government of the Kingdom of Galicia (which included the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra), with the title of count and under the govern of Alfonso VI. Shortly after, Alfonso VI gave the County of Portugal and the County of Coimbra to Henry of Burgundy, father of the first Portuguese King Afonso Henriques of Portugal, basing it in Bracara Augusta (nowadays Braga).
  He was father of Alfonso VII of León and Castile (1104/1105–1157).
  His brother later became Pope Callixtus II.
  
  wn.com/Raymond_of_Burgundy
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  Raymond of Penyafort
  Raymond of Penyafort, O.P., (ca. 1175 – 6 January 1275) (Catalan: Sant Ramon de Penyafort, IPA: [ˈsan rəˈmon də ˌpɛɲəˈfɔr]; , Spanish: San Raimundo de Peñafort) was a Catalan Dominican friar in the 13th-century, who compiled the Decretals of Gregory IX, a collection of canon laws that remained a major part of Church law until the 20th century. He is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church and is the patron saint of lawyers, especially canon lawyers.
  Raymond of Penyafort was born in Vilafranca del Penedès, a small town near Barcelona, Catalonia, around 1175. He was educated in Barcelona and at the University of Bologna, where he received doctorates in both civil and canon law. From 1195 to 1210, he taught canon law. In 1210, he moved to Bologna, where he remained until 1222, including three years occupying the Chair of canon law at the university. He was chaplain to Pope Alexander IV, and confessor of King James I of Aragon.
  Raymond returned to the Iberian peninsula in 1236. Not long able to remain in seclusion, however, he was made Master of the Order of Preachers in 1238, but resigned in 1240. It was during his tenure that he revised the Dominican Constitutions. Having reached his sixtieth year, Raymond retired in Barcelona.
  
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  Raymond of Poitiers
  Raymond of Poitiers (c. 1115 – 29 June 1149) was Prince of Antioch 1136–1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.
  Following the regencies of Baldwin II of Jerusalem (1130–1131) and Fulk of Jerusalem (1131–1136), Raymond assumed control of the principality of Antioch by his marriage in 1136 to the heiress of Bohemund II of Antioch, Constance, a child of ten years of age. The marriage had the blessing of the Patriarch of Antioch, but not of Alice of Antioch, the mother of the bride, who believed that Raymond was intended to be her husband.
  The first years of Raymond and Constance's joint rule were spent in conflicts with the Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus, who had come south partly to recover Cilicia from Leo of Armenia, and to reassert his rights over Antioch. Raymond was forced to pay homage, and even to promise to cede his principality as soon as he was recompensed by a new fief, which John promised to carve out for him in the Muslim territory to the east of Antioch. The expedition of 1138, in which Raymond joined with John, and which was to conquer this territory, proved a failure. Raymond was not anxious to help the emperor to acquire new territories, when their acquisition only meant for him the loss of Antioch. John Comnenus returned unsuccessful to Constantinople, after demanding from Raymond, without response, the surrender of the citadel of Antioch.
  
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• Raymond Pettibon
  Raymond Pettibon (born Raymond Ginn on June 16, 1957 in Tucson, Arizona ) is an American artist who lives and works in Venice Beach, California.
  Pettibon earned an economics degree from UCLA and worked as a high school mathematics teacher for a short period, before pursuing and completing his BFA in 1977.
  In 1977, his brother, guitarist/songwriter Greg Ginn, founded the influential punk rock band Black Flag. Initially, Pettibon had been a bass player in the group when it was known by the name Panic. When the band discovered that another band called Panic existed, Pettibon suggested the name Black Flag and designed their distinctive "four bars" logo.^{[citation needed]} Around the same time, Pettibon adopted his new surname, from the nickname petit bon (good little one) given to him by his father. Pettibon’s artwork appeared on flyers and records for Black Flag through the early 1980s, and he became well known in the Los Angeles punk rock scene.
  Known for his comic-like drawings with disturbing, ironic or ambiguous text, Pettibon's subject matter is sometimes violent and anti-authoritarian. From the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, he was closely associated with the punk rock band Black Flag and the record label SST Records, both founded by his older brother Greg Ginn. Beginning in the mid 1980s, he became a well-known figure in the contemporary art scene.
  
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• Raymond Queneau
  Raymond Queneau (French pronunciation: [ʁɛ'mɔ̃ kə'no]; 21 February 1903 – 25 October 1976) was a French poet and novelist and the co-founder of Ouvroir de littérature potentielle (Oulipo).
  Born in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, Queneau was the only child of Auguste Queneau and Joséphine Mignot. He received his first baccalauréat in 1919 for Latin and Greek, and a second in 1920 for philosophy, then studied at the Sorbonne (1921–1923) where he was a fair student of both letters and mathematics, graduating with certificates in philosophy and psychology.
  Queneau performed military service as a zouave in Algeria and Morocco during the years 1925–1926. He was drafted in 1939 after Germany's invasion of Poland, but he was demobilized in 1940. Through the remainder of World War II, he and his family lived with the painter Élie Lascaux in Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.
  He married Janine Kahn in 1928, with whom he had a son, Jean-Marie, in 1934. They remained married until Janine's death in 1972.
  Queneau spent much of his life working for the Gallimard publishing house, where he began as a reader in 1938. He later rose to be general secretary, and eventually became director of l'Encyclopédie de la Pléiade in 1956. During some of this time, he also taught at l'École Nouvelle de Neuilly. He entered the Collège de ‘Pataphysique in 1950, where he became Satrap.
  
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  Raymond Scott
  Raymond Scott (born Harry Warnow, September 10, 1908 – February 8, 1994) was an American composer, band leader, pianist, engineer, recording studio maverick, and electronic instrument inventor.
  Although Scott never scored cartoon soundtracks, his music is familiar to millions because of its adaptation by Carl Stalling in over 120 classic Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Daffy Duck and other Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies animated shorts. Scott's melodies have also been heard in twelve Ren & Stimpy episodes (that used the original Scott recordings), while making cameos in The Simpsons, Duckman, Animaniacs, The Oblongs, and Batfink. (The only music Scott actually composed to accompany animation were three 20-second electronic commercial jingles for County Fair Bread in 1962.)
  He was born in Brooklyn, New York to Russian Jewish immigrants, Joseph and Sarah Warnow. His older brother, Mark Warnow, a conductor, violinist, and musical director for the CBS radio program Your Hit Parade, encouraged his musical career.
  
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• Raymond Smullyan
  Raymond Merrill Smullyan (born May 25, 1919) is an American mathematician, concert pianist, logician, Taoist philosopher, and magician.
  Born in Far Rockaway, New York, his first career (like Persi Diaconis a generation later) was stage magic. He then earned a BSc from the University of Chicago in 1955 and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1959. He is one of many logicians to have studied under Alonzo Church.
  Born in Far Rockaway, New York, he showed musical talent, winning a gold medal in a piano competition when he was aged 12. The following year, his family moved to Manhattan and he attended Theodore Roosevelt High School in The Bronx as this school offered courses suited to his musical talents, but he left to study on his own as the school did not offer similar courses in mathematics.
  He attended several colleges, studying mathematics and music.
  While a Ph.D. student, Smullyan published a paper in the 1957 Journal of Symbolic Logic showing that Gödelian incompleteness held for formal systems considerably more elementary than that of Gödel's 1931 landmark paper. The contemporary understanding of Gödel's theorem dates from this paper. Smullyan later made a compelling case that much of the fascination with Gödel's theorem should be directed at Tarski's theorem, which is much easier to prove and equally disturbing philosophically. The culmination of Smullyan's lifelong reflection on the classic limitative theorems of mathematical logic is quite readable:
  
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• Raymond Washington
  Raymond Lee Washington (August 14, 1953 – August 9, 1979) was the original founder of the South Central Los Angeles street gang the Crips.
  Washington is believed to have initially formed the Baby Avenues street gang, which became the Avenue Cribs before the name evolved into the Crips, because he wanted to form a gang that could protect their territory in South Central and prevent criminal and more violent gangs outside the territory.
  He disliked firearms and knives, and believed that fist fighting and hand-to-hand combat was the most effective way to resolve differences. By the time of his death, however, his influence on the gang had diminished and firearms had become widely used. Washington was murdered in South Central Los Angeles on August 9, 1979, and the murder has remained unsolved.
  Washington was born in Los Angeles, California, the youngest of four sons to Violet Samuel and Reginald Washington. They had three older brothers and one younger half-brother, Derard S. Barton, conceived from his mother's second marriage. His parents separated when he was two years old, Washington was raised by his mother and stepfather on East 76th Street, between Wadsworth and Central Avenues in South Los Angeles.
  
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  Raymond Williams
  Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh academic, novelist and critic. He was an influential figure within the New Left and in wider culture. His writings on politics, culture, the mass media and literature are a significant contribution to the Marxist critique of culture and the arts. Some 750,000 copies of his books have sold in UK editions alone and there are many translations available. His work laid the foundations for the field of cultural studies and the cultural materialist approach.
  Born in Llanfihangel Crucorney, near Abergavenny, Wales, Williams was the son of a railway worker in a village where all of the railwaymen voted Labour while the local small farmers mostly voted Liberal. It was not a Welsh-speaking area: he described it as "Anglicised in the 1840s". There was, nevertheless, a strong Welsh identity. "There is the joke that someone says his family came over with the Normans and we reply: 'Are you liking it here?'".
  He attended King Henry VIII Grammar School in Abergavenny. His teenage years were overshadowed by the rise of Nazism and the threat of war. He was 14 when the Spanish Civil War broke out, and was very conscious of what was happening through his membership of the local Left Book Club. He also mentions the Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Edgar Snow's Red Star Over China, originally published in Britain by the Left Book Club.
  
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• Thomas Lynch Raymond
  Thomas Lynch Raymond, Jr. (April 26, 1875–October 4, 1928) served two non-consecutive terms as Mayor of Newark, New Jersey from 1915 to 1917 and again from 1925 to 1928.
  
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• Tito Raymond
  Tito Raymond (born in Chicago, Illinois on August 10, 1969) is a National Physique Committee ("NPC") bodybuilder.
  Tito made his NPC debut in 1993 by competing in Musclemania and placing 5th. His first 1st place win came in the 1997 Musclemania competition. Tito continued on to win three more first place winnings in the NPC Team Universe Championships for three years in a row, from 1999 to 2001. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California.
  He is married and has a child with Amy Fadhli.
  Year Competition Placing
  
  wn.com/Tito_Raymond