- published: 06 Aug 2009
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- author: SnooperSquirrelFilms
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- 1952 Summer Olympics
- 2016 Summer Olympics
- Aalborg
- Aalesund
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- Aimo Lahti
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- Artjärvi
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Aalborg
Aalborg (or Ålborg) (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ] (
listen)) is a Danish industrial and university city in North Jutland. The city of Aalborg has a population of 104,885 (126,556 including Nørresundby) making it the fourth largest city in Denmark in terms of population. The municipality of Aalborg has a population of 201,142 (2012) making it the third most populous municipality in the country after Copenhagen and Århus. The earliest settlements date back to around AD 700. Aalborg's location by the Limfjord made it an important harbour during the Middle Ages, and an industrial centre later. Today, the city is in transition from a working-class industrial city to a knowledge-based one.
Aalborg traces its history back over 1000 years. It was originally settled as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The sites of what were two settlements and a visible burial ground can be seen on Lindholm Høje, a hill overlooking the city. The sizes of these settlements emphasise the significance of this place as a crossroads. The first mention of Aalborg under its original name Alabu, is found on a coin dated to 1040. An alternative spelling is Alebu and an approximate translation of the name is The (dwelling) place by the stream.
wn.com/Aalborg -
Aalesund
Ålesund (help·info) is a town and municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sunnmøre, and the center of the Ålesund Region. It is a sea port, and is noted for its unique concentration of Art Nouveau architecture.
Ålesund town is the administrative centre of the municipality as well as the principal shipping town of the Sunnmøre district. Ålesund municipality has a population of 42,982 as of 2010, while the greater Ålesund area has a population of 47,772 (this also includes most of neighboring Sula as well).
The port of Ålesund was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt) and it received town rights in 1848. On 1 January 1875, part of Borgund (population: 902) was transferred to the town of Ålesund. In 1922, another part of Borgund (population: 1,148) was transferred to the town of Ålesund. On 1 January 1968, most of the neighboring municipality of Borgund (population: 20,132) was merged into Ålesund. This merger more than doubled the population of Ålesund, for a new total population of 38,589. On 1 January 1977, the island of Sula and some small surrounding islets (population: 6,302) were separated from Ålesund to form a separate municipality.
wn.com/Aalesund -
Aarhus
Aarhus (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɒːhuːˀs] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in Denmark. The principal port of Denmark, Aarhus is on the east side of the peninsula of Jutland in the geographical center of Denmark. Aarhus is the seat of the council of Aarhus municipality with 315,193 inhabitants and 252,213 (1 January 2012) in the inner urban area. According to Aarhus municipality, the "Greater Aarhus" area has a population of about 1.2 million people. The city claims the unofficial title "Capital of Jutland".
Aarhus is the main and biggest city in the East Jutland metropolitan area (Danish: Byregion Østjylland), which is a co-operation in eastern Jutland with 17 municipalities. With more than 1.2 million people living in the East Jutland metropolitan area it represents approximately 23% of the population of Denmark. Aarhus has the second-largest urban area in Denmark after Copenhagen.
The city was mentioned for the first time by Adam of Bremen who stated that "Reginbrand, bishop of the church of Aarhus (Harusa)" participated in a church meeting in the city of Ingelheim in Germany.
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Akureyri
Akureyri [ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ] ( listen) is a town in northern Iceland. It is Iceland's second largest urban area (after the Greater Reykjavík area) and fourth largest municipality (after Reykjavík, Hafnarfjörður, and Kópavogur).
Nicknamed the Capital of North Iceland, Akureyri is an important port and fishing centre, with a population of 17,754. The area where Akureyri is located was settled in the 9th century but did not receive a municipal charter until 1786. The town was the site of Allied units during World War II. Further growth occurred after the war as the Icelandic population increasingly moved to urban areas.
The area has a relatively warm climate due to geographical factors, and the town's ice-free harbor has played a significant role in its history.
The Norse Viking Helgi magri (the slim) Eyvindarson originally settled the area in the 9th century. The first mention of Akureyri is in court records from 1562 when a woman was sentenced there for adultery. In the 17th century, Danish merchants based their camps at the current site of Akureyri, which was one of the numerous spits of land in Pollurinn. The main reasons for choosing this spot for trading operations were the outstanding natural harbour and the fertility of the area. The merchants did not live at Akureyri year round but returned home in the winter.
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Artjärvi
Artjärvi (Swedish: Artsjö) is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated with the town of Orimattila on January 1, 2011.
The municipality was located in the Päijänne Tavastia region. It had a population of 1,412 (31 October 2010) and covered a land area of 177.01 square kilometres (68.34 sq mi). The population density was 7.98 inhabitants per square kilometre (20.7 /sq mi).
The municipality was unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Artjärvi at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Artjärvi -
Asikkala
Asikkala is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Vääksy.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 8,477 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 755.54 square kilometres (291.72 sq mi) of which 192.13 km2 (74.18 sq mi) is water. The population density is 15.05 inhabitants per square kilometre (39.0 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish, by law since 1996.
Results of the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in Asikkala:
wn.com/Asikkala -
Bergen
Bergen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈbærɡən] (listen)) is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway. As of 26 June 2012, the municipality had a population of 265,800 and Greater Bergen had a population of 391,000, making Bergen the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and area of 465 square kilometers (180 sq mi) and is located on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city center and northern neighborhoods are located on Byfjorden and the city is built around the Seven Mountains. Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are located on islands. Bergen is the administrative center of Hordaland and consists of eight boroughs—Arna, Årstad, Åsane, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg and Ytrebygda.
Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s, but the city was not incorporated until 1070. It served as Norway's capital from 1217 to 1299, and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League. Until 1789, Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad. The remains of the quays, Bryggen, is a World Heritage Site. The city was hit by numerous fires. The Norwegian School of Economics was founded in 1936 and the University of Bergen in 1946. From 1831 to 1972, Bergen was its own county, after which Bergen amalgamated with the surrounding municipalities.
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Borås
Borås (Swedish pronunciation: [bʊˈroːs]) is a locality and the seat of Borås Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 66,273 inhabitants in 2010.
Borås is located at the point of two crossing railways, among them the railway between Gothenburg and Kalmar, and is often considered[citation needed] the Swedish city gaining the most from the nationwide railway system laid between 1870-1910.
The city of Borås received its privileges in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf. The reason was to give local pedlars a legal place for vending their merchandise. The city developed soon after it was founded. After a century it had increased to over 2,000 inhabitants.
Borås has been ravaged by fires four times: in 1681, 1727, 1822 and 1827. The Caroli church is the oldest of Borås's buildings, and has withstood all fires.
The city arms depicts two sheep-shearing scissors, a tribute to the vast number of smiths in the town in early history. It currently holds the Swedish record in the number of established mail-order firms.
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Busan Gudeok Stadium
Busan Gudeok Stadium (Korean: 부산 구덕 운동장; Hanja: 釜山九德運動場) is a multi-purpose stadium in Busan, South Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 24,363 people and opened in 1928. During the 1988 Summer Olympics, it hosted some football preliminary matches. And it was a main stadium for the 2nd East Asian Games.
Coordinates: 35°06′59″N 129°00′52″E / 35.116495°N 129.01449°E / 35.116495; 129.01449
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Champion Hill
Champion Hill is a football stadium on the cusp of East Dulwich and Camberwell in South London, in the London Borough of Southwark.
It is the home ground of Dulwich Hamlet, and Fisher FC currently share the ground. 'The Hill' was formerly one of the largest amateur grounds in England, with attendances often reaching 20,000 and beyond. However, Dulwich Hamlet fell on hard times, so much of the land they owned was sold for development of a Sainsbury's supermarket. The subsequent stadium was previously the training pitch before the 1980s. During the 1948 Summer Olympics, (Old) Champion Hill hosted football matches.
As well as being the home of Dulwich Hamlet, and Fisher, the ground is also used for other matches, including county cup ties, and county league matches. The ground is also now used by Millwall's ladies team, Millwall Lionesses L.F.C..
Coordinates: 51°27′40.43″N 0°05′02.62″W / 51.4612306°N 0.0840611°W / 51.4612306; -0.0840611
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
wn.com/China -
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/ or /ˈkoʊpənhɑːɡən/; Danish: København pronounced [kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn] ( listen), Latin: Hafnia) is the capital of Denmark and its most populous city, with an urban population of 1,213,822 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and a metropolitan population of 1,935,746 (as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)[update]). With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region. Within this region, Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö are growing into a combined metropolitan area. Copenhagen is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager.
First documented in the 11th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the beginning of the 15th century. During the 17th century, under the reign of Christian IV, it became a significant regional centre.
Copenhagen is a major regional centre of culture, business, media, and science, as indicated by several international surveys and rankings (see International rankings below). Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy. Its strategic location and excellent infrastructure, with the largest airport in Scandinavia,Kastrup, located 14 minutes by train from the city centre, have made it a regional hub and a popular location for regional headquarters and conventions.
wn.com/Copenhagen -
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (i/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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Deyang
Deyang (simplified Chinese: 德阳; traditional Chinese: 德陽; pinyin: Déyáng) is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan province, China. Deyang is a wealthy, mostly industrial city, with the Erzhong Heavy Machinery Company (中国二重）, Dongfang Electrical Company (东方电机), and various high-tech industry contributing to its economy. It has a population of around 3,810,000 in 2004 and an area of 5818 km².
This county less than 1 hour from Chengdu city is known for a liquor factory called jiannanchun in the county-level city of Mianzhu and the Sanxingdui museum in Guanhan City (county-level) about the ancient Shu culture famous for its bronze mask. Deyang's main city of Jinyang is based on the Jinghu River passing under 7 bridges flowing North to South. The River has been widened and 5 of the bridges are part dams and has assumed the name of Jinghu Lake. A very large proportion of local residents can be found walking or dancing to music every evening along the riverbank's beautiful parks. Although Deyang is not a tourist city this is actually an advantage for a tourist being able to see more traditional Chinese daily culture without roadside sales people or professional beggars in your face every few minutes. The city boasts Confucian temples and a stone sculpture park, the beautiful East mountain and lake areas but interestingly beautiful countryside in all directions leading to villages that go about their daily business as they did 100 years ago.
wn.com/Deyang -
Dongdaemun Stadium
The Dongdaemun Stadium, was in Seoul, South Korea and included a multi-purpose athletics stadium, a baseball park and other sports facilities. It was located near the Dongdaemun or Great East Gate and the surrounding Dongdaemun market and had many vendors selling athletics-related goods. It was demolished in 2008 to make way for the Dongdaemun Design Plaza & Park.
Construction on the main athletics stadium and baseball field began on May 26, 1925 and was opened for use in March 1926 as the Gyeongseong Stadium. The venue was the main center for sports events in the city, and, along with the Kirim Stadium in Pyongyang, was one of the two venues used in the Gyeongseong-Pyongyang inter-city soccer tournament in the 1930s.
The stadium was the location for mass celebrations of the end of Japanese colonial rule, as almost 250,000 citizens gathered at the venue on August 15, 1945, to celebrate the liberation.
Additional construction was undertaken in 1962 to modernize the two existing venues as well as create a swimming pool, volleyball courts and soft clay tennis courts. Floodlights were added to the baseball venue in 1966 and the athletics venue in 1968 to allow for nighttime sporting events.
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Drei Flüsse Stadion
Drei Flüsse Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Passau, Germany. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of 1. FC Passau. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people and was built in 1972. For the 1972 Summer Olympics in neighboring Munich, it hosted six football matches.
Coordinates: 48°33′52″N 13°25′22″E / 48.56444°N 13.42278°E / 48.56444; 13.42278
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Eskilstuna
Eskilstuna (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛskilsˈtʉːna]) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 97 692 inhabitants in 2012. Eskilstuna has a large Sweden Finn population. The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån, which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren.
Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren. Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs, 30 km east of Eskilstuna, trying to convert them to Christianity. Saint Eskil was buried in his monastery church in Tuna. Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren. Later "Eskil" was added in to the word "Tuna". However, the town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla. The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House. The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river. Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of the forges were small arms and artillery.
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Espoo
Espoo (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈespoː]; Swedish: Esbo, [ˈɛsbo]) is the second largest city and municipality in Finland. The population of the city of Espoo is 252,730 (31 January 2012). It is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while enclosing Kauniainen. Espoo is the only municipality in Finland to fully enclose another municipality. The city is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa.
Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are Nurmijärvi and Vihti in the north and Kirkkonummi in the west. The national park of Nuuksio is situated in northwest Espoo.
Espoo encompasses 528 square kilometres (204 sq mi), of which 312 km2 (120 sq mi) is land.
Espoo has several local regional centers. Espoo is thus divided into seven major areas (Finnish: suuralueet, Swedish: storområden): Vanha-Espoo (with administrative center), Suur-Espoonlahti, Pohjois-Espoo, Suur-Kauklahti, Suur-Leppävaara, Suur-Matinkylä and Suur-Tapiola.
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Estádio do Morumbi
Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo is a stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, home of São Paulo Futebol Clube and its formal name honors Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who was São Paulo FC's chairman during most of the stadium construction, and died before its inauguration.
The stadium was designed by the architect João Batista Vilanova Artigas.
It is also a football venue of the 2016 Summer Olympics.
In the early years of its existence, São Paulo FC used for their headquarters and home field the Finca Forest, located beside the Bridge of Flags next to Tietê river in the center of São Paulo. This is why their home is referred to as the São Paulo da Floresta during the club's first incarnation, from January 1930 until May 1935.
When the club was refounded in December 1935, it had its own field until 1938, when the union with Estudantes Paulista gave São Paulo possession of the Bristol stadium belonging to Antarctica.
In 1944, São Paulo bought a piece of ground called Canindé, which was only used as a headquarters and training location. The area was too small for the construction of a large stadium, so studies were done to find another home within the city of São Paulo.
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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finlandi/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
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Frank Clair Stadium
Frank Clair Stadium is a Canadian football stadium in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lansdowne Park, on the southern edge of The Glebe neighbourhood, where Bank Street crosses the Rideau Canal.
The stadium was the home of the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League from 1908 to 1996, when the team ceased operations. It was the home of the Ottawa Renegades from 2002 until 2005. A previous incarnation of the stadium served as the home venue of the Ottawa Giants minor-league baseball franchise.
The stadium is also home to University of Ottawa's Ottawa Gee-Gees, and prior to the disbanding of the Ravens football programme at Carleton University in 1998, was the site of the Panda Bowl, when these rivals played each other with rowdy fans hurling insults across both sides of the stadium. At the final Panda Bowl game in 1997, the year following the departure of the Riders from Ottawa, the game (forfeited) was marred by an accident when at least 25 students were injured when a section of railing collapsed.
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Fredrikstad
Fredrikstad (help·info) (previously Frederiksstad) (literally Fredrik's Town) is a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by King Frederick II, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Glemmen was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of Borge, Onsøy, Kråkerøy, and Rolvsøy were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the river Glomma where it meets the Skagerrak. Along with neighboring Sarpsborg, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway: Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg. As of 1 January 2008, according to Statistics Norway, these two municipalities have a total population of 123,029 with 71,976 in Fredrikstad and 51,053 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 km upstream) was burned down by the Swedes. Almost half the population of Sarpsborg stayed behind, and rebuilt their old town at its original site.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Gothenburg
Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg; pronounced [jœtəˈbɔrj] ( listen)) is the second largest city in Sweden by population and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 520,374, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 938,580 inhabitants in the metropolitan area. Gothenburg is classified as a global city by GaWC, with a ranking of Gamma−.
The City of Gothenburg was founded in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus. It lies by the sea at the mouth of Göta Älv—the river running through the city—and is the largest seaport in the Nordic countries.
Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes both the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology. Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927. The city is a major centre in Sweden for sports and home to the IFK Göteborg, BK Häcken, GAIS and Örgryte IS association football teams as well as the Frölunda HC ice hockey team.
Gothenburg is served by Gothenburg-Landvetter Airport, located 30 km (18.64 mi) southeast of the city centre. It is the second largest airport in Sweden. The city is also served by Gothenburg City Airport, located 15 km (9.32 mi) from the city centre.
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Griffin Park
Griffin Park is a football ground situated in the London Borough of Hounslow, west London. It has been the home ground of League One side Brentford since it was built in 1904. It is known for being the only English league football ground to have a pub on each corner, and is situated in a predominantly residential area. The ground gets its name from the griffin in the logo of Fuller's Brewery, which at one point owned the land on which the stadium was built.
The highest ever attendance at the ground was 38,678 when Brentford played Leicester City on 26 February 1949. The ground currently has a capacity of 12,763. The biggest attendance in the 2008–09 season was 10,642 against Wycombe Wanderers on 14 March 2009, and last season (2009–10), the largest attendance was 9,031 against Leeds United on 12 December 2009.
Griffin Park is beneath the flightpath of London Heathrow Airport and the roofs of the stadium are used as a large advertising space because of this. The space is currently used by Qatar Airways.
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Gävle
Gävle [ˈjæːvlə] is a city in Sweden, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County. It had 71,033 inhabitants in December 2010. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland (Sweden's Northern Lands), having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria.
It is believed that the name Gävle derives from the word gavel, meaning river banks in Old Swedish and referring to the Gavleån (Gävle River). The oldest settlement was called Gavle-ägarna, which means "Gavel-owners". This name was shortened to Gavle, then Gefle, and finally Gävle.
For a long time Gävle consisted solely of small, low, turf or shingle roofed wooden buildings. Boat-houses lined the banks of Gavleån, Lillån, and Islandsån. Until the 18th century the town was built, as was the practice then, around the three most important buildings: the church, the regional palace, and the town hall. Over the last 300 years Gävle has been ablaze on three different occasions. After the fire of 1776 the town was rebuilt with straight streets and rectangular city blocks. The number of stone and brick houses also started to increase. The biggest town fire occurred 1869, when out of a population of around 10,000 approximately 8,000 inhabitants lost their homes, and about 350 farms were destroyed. Almost the whole town north of Gavleån was burnt down. All the buildings south of Gavleån were saved. An area of the old town between the museum and the library has been preserved to this day as a historic reserve, Gamla Gefle.
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Halmstad
Halmstad [ˈhamsta] is a port, university, industrial and recreational city at the mouth of Nissan in the province of Halland on the Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat of Halmstad Municipality and the capital of Halland County. The city has a population of about 58,577, out of a municipal total of nearly 90,000. Halmstad is located about midway between Gothenburg and Malmö.
Halmstad, at the time part of the Kingdom of Denmark, received its first city charter in 1307, and the city celebrated its 700th anniversary in 2007. The oldest remains of that first town are to be found at "Övraby" upstream on Nissan, quite close to the regiment buildings. The remains of the church can still be seen today between a defunct brick industry and a former landfill.
In the 1320s the town moved to the present day town centre. At this time there were two monasteries in the town and during the 15th century the St. Nikolai church was built. Halland was the object of numerous battles, sieges and occupations by Swedish troops.
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Hampden Park
Hampden Park (often referred to simply as Hampden) is a football stadium in the Mount Florida area of Glasgow, Scotland. The 52,063 capacity venue serves as the national stadium of football in Scotland. It is the home venue of the Scotland national football team and amateur Scottish Football League club Queen's Park and hosts the latter stages of the Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup competitions. It is also used for music concerts and other sporting events.
There were two 19th century stadiums called Hampden Park, built on different sites. A stadium on the present site was first opened on 31 October 1903. Hampden was the biggest stadium in the world when it was opened, with a capacity in excess of 100,000. This was increased further between 1927 and 1937, reaching a peak of 150,000. The record attendance of 149,415, for a Scotland v England match in 1937, is the European record for an international football match. Tighter safety regulations meant that the capacity was reduced to 81,000 in 1977. The stadium has been fully renovated since then, with the most recent work being completed in 1999.
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Harmaja
Harmaja (Swedish: Gråhara) is an island and a lighthouse outside Helsinki, south of the Suomenlinna sea fortress. The island has been functioning as a landmark since the 16th century. A landmark structure was built on the island in the 18th century and a light house in 1883. The first lighthouse was only 7.3 m high and it soon proved to be too low. In 1900 the height was doubled by creating a rectangular brick building on a granite base. A large foghorn alerted ships in fog and in bad visibility. Harmaja received the world's first directed and undirected radio beacon in 1936. The lighthouse is fully automated today.
There is also a pilot station on the island.
During the 1952 Summer Olympics this was the center of the Olympic sailing event.
Coordinates: 60°06′16″N 24°58′28″E / 60.10444°N 24.97444°E / 60.10444; 24.97444
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Heinola
Heinola is a town and a municipality of 20,157 inhabitants (31 January 2012) located in the region of Päijänne Tavastia. Heinola is perhaps best known for its summer activities such as the Sauna-sitting World Championships.
Heinola used to be a remote village of then larger Hollola until it gained significance in 1776 when Gustav III of Sweden promoted it to be the governmental center of the province in which it was then located. The grid plan of the city center is from that era. Heinola also became a center of commerce for nearby regions.
When Finland became a part of Russia in 1809, the capital of the province was moved eastwards with the state border. To compensate this, Heinola gained a city status in 1839. Before the World War II, Heinola was widely known as a spa town, and until 1972 it served as a location for an institute (seminaari) that taught elementary school teachers. These both were established in the 1890s and played important role in the town life.
After World War II Heinola has been economically an industrial town, mainly due to its wood processing industry. Industry remained the largest source of employment until 1970s, when the trade and services sector grew larger, following a national trend.
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Helsingborg
Helsingborg (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛlsiŋˈbɔrj]) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It had 97,122 inhabitants in 2010. Helsingborg is the centre of an area in the Øresund region of about 320,000 inhabitants in north-west Scania, and is Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about 4 km to the west.
Between 1912 and 1971 the name of the town was officially spelled Hälsingborg (rather like Hälsingland but unlike Helsingør and Helsingfors (Helsinki)).
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, which has stood guard in Helsingborg for over 600 years, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
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Helsinki
Helsinki ( listen (help·info); Swedish: Helsingfors, listen (help·info)) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is 596,233 (31 January 2012), making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is located some 400 kilometres (250 mi) east of Stockholm, Sweden, 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of St. Petersburg, Russia and 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.
The Helsinki Metropolitan Area includes the city of Helsinki and three other cities: Espoo and Vantaa, which immediately border Helsinki to the west and north, respectively; and Kauniainen, which is an enclave within the city of Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan area is the world's northernmost urban area among those with a population of over one million people, and the city is the northernmost capital of a EU member state. Altogether 1.1 million people, approximately one in five Finns, live in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
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Hollola
Hollola is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 22,014 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 531.84 square kilometres (205.34 sq mi) of which 68.66 km2 (26.51 sq mi) is water. The population density is 47.53 inhabitants per square kilometre (123.1 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Hollola has the highest structure of Finland, the Tiirismaa TV-Tower.
A popular resort in Hollola is Messilä. There you can do cross-country-skiing, downhill skiing, tramping and play golf. There is a hotel and a camping site in Messilä. Messilä is located by Vesijärvi.
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Media related to Hollola at Wikimedia Commons
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Hungary
Hungaryi/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).
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Huopalahti
Huopalahti (Swedish: Hoplax) was a municipality during the years 1920–1945 in Uusimaa, Finland. The municipality was bilingual.
Current areas of Munkkiniemi, Lauttasaari and parts of northern Pasila were parts of Huopalahti. The area was separated from former Helsinki parish in 1920. Haaga was part of the municipality, but was separated from it in 1923. The Finnish National Defence University, that was moved to Munkkiniemi in 1923, was located in Huopalahti. In 1946, the municipality was consolidated to Helsinki.
The Finnish Hunting Society which is headquartered in the city hosted the shotgun shooting events for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
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Hämeenkoski
Hämeenkoski (Koski Hl until 1995, see Koski Tl) is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 2,121 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 195.62 square kilometres (75.53 sq mi) of which 7.86 km2 (3.03 sq mi) is water. The population density is 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29 /sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Lake Pääjärvi is situated at the border between Hämeenkoski and Hämeenlinna (formerly Lammi).
Media related to Hämeenkoski at Wikimedia Commons
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Hämeenlinna
Hämeenlinna (Swedish: Tavastehus) is a city and municipality of about 67,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Häme in the south of Finland and is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius. Today, it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper, and until 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland. Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki (98 km/61 mi), Tampere (73 km/45 mi) and Lahti (72 km/45 mi).
The medieval Häme Castle (Hämeen linna) is located in the city.
The municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were consolidated with Hämeenlinna on 1 January 2009.
There has been a settlement called Vanaja by the lake Vanajavesi where the city now stands since the Viking Age. The castle was built in the late 13th century to secure Swedish power in central Finland. A village was established near Häme Castle to provide services and goods to its inhabitants.
The village was granted city rights in 1639 and soon after that the King of Sweden moved it one kilometre south to the hill on which it still stands.
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Iceland
Icelandi/ˈaɪslənd/ (Icelandic: Ísland, IPA: [ˈislant]) is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls (slaves) of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and the country was one of the poorest and least developed in the world. Industrialisation of the fisheries and aid from the Marshall Plan brought prosperity in the years after World War II, and by the 1990s it was one of the world's wealthiest countries. In 1994, Iceland became party to the European Economic Area, which made it possible for the economy to diversify into economic and financial services.
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Joensuu
Joensuu (lit. "mouth of the river") is a city and municipality in North Karelia in eastern Finland. It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of North Karelia region. It was founded in 1848. The population of Joensuu is 73,871 (January 31, 2012).
Joensuu is a lively student city with over 15,000 students enrolled at the University of Eastern Finland and a further 4,000 at the North Karelia Technical School.
The largest employers are the municipal City of Joensuu, North Karelian Hospital District Federation of Municipalities, Abloy and Punamusta.
The European Forest Institute, the University and many other institutes and export enterprises such as Abloy and John Deere Forestry give Joensuu an international flavour.
The city of Joensuu, which was founded by the Czar Nicholas I of Russia in 1848, is the regional centre and the capital of North Karelia. During the 19th century Joensuu was a city of manufacture and commerce. When in 1860 the city received dispensation rights to initiate commerce, former restrictions against industry were removed and the local sawmills began to prosper and expand. Water traffic was improved by the building of the Saimaa Canal. Consequently, a lively commerce between the regions of North Karelia, St.Petersburg and Central Europe was enabled. At the end of the 19th century Joensuu was one of the largest harbour cities in Finland.
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Jules Ottenstadion
Jules Ottenstadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Gentbrugge, Ghent, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of K.A.A. Gent. The stadium holds 12,919 and was built in 1920. It is due to be replaced by the new Arteveldestadion in 2010.[dated info] The people of Ghent call this stadium simply Ottenstadion. It is situated in the centre of a residential neighbourhood in the Bruiloftstraat in Gentbrugge.
The stadium was built in 1920 and was officially opened at 22 August of that year by the Dauphin of that time, prince Leopold. The stadium is called after Jules Otten, one of the founders of KAA Gent, which was called La Gantoise at that time.
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in neighboring Antwerp, it hosted the Italy-Egypt football match that Italians won 2-1.
KAA Ghent has been playing for 90 years in the stadium, but a soon relocation to the new Arteveldestadium, which is situated at the Ottergemsesteenweg, is planned within the next years. It was the plan to have it ready by the season 2007/2008, but due to many delays, the relocation will be in 2012. The stadium will have 20.000 seats.
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Jyväskylä
Jyväskylä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjyvæsˌkylæ]) is a city and municipality in Central Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland. It is the largest city in central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland. Jyväskylä is located on the northern coast of Lake Päijänne, 147 kilometres (91 mi) north-east of Tampere and 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Helsinki. The hilly and forested terrain in Jyväskylä is surrounded by hundreds of lakes. The summers in Jyväskylä are warm and winters cold and snowy.
Elias Lönnrot, the compiler of the Finnish national epic Kalevala, gave the city a nickname "Athens of Finland". This nickname is used to describe the major role of Jyväskylä as an education centre and the first place in the world to provide education in Finnish.
The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city. The city hosts Neste Oil Rally Finland, which is part of the World Rally Championship. It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival.
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Jönköping
Jönköping (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈjœnːˈɕøːpiŋ]) is a city in southern Sweden with 89,396 inhabitants (2010). It is the 9th most populous city of Sweden. Jönköping is situated by the southern end of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern. The original town Jönköping has grown together with Huskvarna and Norrahammar forming a contiguous urban area, since 1971 wholly within the same municipality.
The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality which has a population of 128 305 (2011), and also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 331,539 (2006). Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration. It is also the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Jönköping is an old trading center (Köping), since it was located on a crossroad for the roads following along the rivers Nissan and Lagan, and the road between the provinces Östergötland and Västergötland. This was rather natural due to the geographical position of the city at the southern end of lake Vättern, which divided the two counties. On 18 May 1284, Jönköping received rights as a City in Sweden as one of the first communities in the country, by King Magnus Ladulås, who at that time largely ruled the nation from Vättern's largest island Visingsö. In the name of the city "Jön-" is derived from a creek, "Junebäcken", which was situated in the nowadays western part of the city, Talavid. This was the location of the first known settlement in the area. The second part of the name "-köping", as mentioned above, is an old word for a trading center or market place.
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Kaftanzoglio Stadium
Kaftanzoglio stadium (Καυτανζόγλειο στάδιο) is a sports stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece. The stadium was built with money donated by the Kaftanzoglou Foundation, hence its name. At the time of its opening on 27 October 1960, the stadium was one of the highest quality stadiums in the Balkans. It currently has 27,770 seats, owing to a comprehensive renovation before reopening to host football matches for the 2004 Summer Olympics, which was centred in Athens. It was the largest stadium in Greece until 1982, but has since been surpassed in capacity by the Olympic Stadium in Athens. It had been the home football stadium of Iraklis Thessaloniki FC since 1961.
On the 15th of October 1969, the attendance record was set with 47,458 fans present for a FIFA World Cup qualifying match, witnessing Greece defeat Switzerland by a 4–1 score. In 1973 it hosted the European Cup Winners Cup Final, which resulted in a 1–0 victory for A.C. Milan over Leeds United.
The stadium regularly plays host to athletics events; it features the European Athletics Association event "Olympic Meeting Thessaloniki" every year; it hosted the Greek national championships in 2009, and it has been used for both athletics at the Mediterranean Games and the European Cup in athletics. It was the host stadium for the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Final.
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Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га; IPA: [kɐˈlugə]) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast,Russia, located on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Population: 325,185 (2010 Census preliminary results); 334,751 (2002 Census); 311,319 (1989 Census).
Kaluga was founded in the mid-14th century as a border fortress on the southwestern borders of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It was first mentioned by its present name in 1371.[citation needed] In the Middle Ages, Kaluga was a minor settlement owned by the Princes Vorotynsky. The ancestral home of these princes is located southwest from the modern city.
Kaluga is connected to Moscow by a railway line and the ancient roadway, the Kaluga Road (now partly within Moscow (as Starokaluzhskoye Shosse), partly the A101 road). This road was the favored escape route from the Moscow trap for Napoleon in the fall of 1812. But General Kutuzov repelled Napoleon's advances in this direction and forced the retreating French army onto the old Smolensk road, previously devastated by the French during their invasion of Russia.
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Karaiskakis Stadium
Karaiskakis Stadium (Greek: Γήπεδο Καραϊσκάκης [ˈʝipeðo karaiˈskacis]) is in the Neo Faliro area of Piraeus, Greece. It is the home ground of Olympiacos F.C. and is named after Georgios Karaiskakis (Γεώργιος Καραϊσκάκης), hero of the Greek War of Independence, who was mortally wounded near the area.
It was used during the 1896 Summer Olympics as the Neo Phaliron Velodrome, where Frenchman Paul Masson took the three track cycling gold medals.
It was renovated during the 1960s and was completely rebuilt in 2004 into a 32,115 capacity, all seater stadium, ready for the football competition of the 2004 Summer Olympics.
The stadium was totally demolished and built again from the beginning, facing a different direction. This complete reconstruction took a record time of only 14 months, finishing just in time for the Olympic Games.
After the last deal ended in 1998, Olympiacos is using the stadium once again, on a 49-year lease from 2003 until 2052 and is traditionally identified as the club's true home. In 2002, Olympiacos President Socratis Kokkalis, when announcing the project to rebuild Karaiskakis, expressed his wish for the new stadium to be also used by Ethnikos F.C., if they wanted, as Karaiskaki is the historic home of both Olympiacos and Ethnikos. Therefore, in the contract signed by the Hellenic Olympic Committee, the owner of the stadium, and Olympiacos, a clause was included, stating that should Ethnikos wish to return to the stadium, they may do so without sharing any significant maintenance or other stadium-related costs, as those are covered by Olympiacos. As of the 2010/11 season though, Ethnikos has not yet opted to do so.
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Karlstad
Karlstad [ˈkɑːɭsta] is a city, the seat of Karlstad Municipality, the capital of Värmland County, and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden. The city had 61,685 inhabitants in 2010 out of a municipal total that during the first quarter 2010 was 84,885 inhabitants. Karlstad has a university and a cathedral.
Karlstad is built on the river delta where Sweden's longest river, Klarälven, runs into Sweden's largest lake, Vänern. It has the second largest lake port in the country after Västerås.
Karlstad is often associated with sunshine and the symbol for Karlstad is a happy sun. Karlstad is reputed to be one of the sunniest towns in Sweden and a local waitress, known as "Sola i Karlstad" (the Sun in Karlstad) for her sunny disposition, is also commemorated with a statue.
On Karlstad's largest islet, there was a place of counsel called Tingvalla in the medieval age, which had roots from the Viking Age before 1000 AD. It was also used as a market place.
Karlstad was granted its city charter on March 5, 1584 by the Swedish Duke Charles, who would later be crowned King Charles IX of Sweden. The city derives its name from the King – Karlstad literally means Charles' city. The Duke also granted Karlstad the right as a governmental seat in the region, and gave it a substantial amount of land.
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Kirov Stadium
Kirov Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in St. Petersburg, Russia, and was one of the largest stadiums anywhere in the world. The stadium was named after Sergey Kirov.
The stands of the Kirov stadium were located on the slopes of a circular artificial mound in the western part of Krestovsky Island, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Construction started in 1932, initial project was designed by architect Aleksandr Nikolsky and his workshop. During the 1930s and 1940s, construction was mainly focused on groundworks for the artificial mound on the sea shore. Construction was interrupted by the World War II and the Siege of Leningrad, and resumed in 1945 with the return of citizens to Leningrad. Thousands of Red Army and Red Navy recruits were also conscripted as labor force for construction.
The stadium was open on 30 July 1950 with the game between two main Leningrad teams, Zenit and Dynamo, drew 1-1. Initially the stadium held 100,000 people (including 16,000 standing places).
For the match between Zenit and CSKA on 14 July 1951, additional temporary stands were installed, increasing the capacity of the stadium to 100,000. The stadium was sold out, and the attendance of 100,000 is the record for the Soviet football. Kirov stadium was reconstructed to hold preliminary matches of the football tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics. The capacity was reduced to 72,000.
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Kouvola
Kouvola is a town and municipality in southeastern Finland. It is located 134 kilometres (83 mi) northeast of the capital, Helsinki.
The city has a population of 87,592 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres (1,113.25 sq mi) of which 325.06 km2 (125.51 sq mi) is water. The population density is 34.24 inhabitants per square kilometre (88.7 /sq mi).
Kouvola's central location within Finland's borders and as a border post between the European Union and Russian Federation makes it a quite lively town.[original research?] The town originally grew up around the junction of the north–south and east–west rail tracks. It was also a major road transport junction.
In January 2009, the six municipalities – Kouvola, Kuusankoski, Elimäki, Anjalankoski, Valkeala and Jaala – were consolidated, forming the new municipality of Kouvola. Kouvola can now claim the natural beauty of Valkeala and Jaala as well as the cultural heritage of Elimäki and Anjalankoski as its own. Kouvola has also assumed the slogan Kymijoen kaupunki (the town of Kymijoki) previously used by Anjalankoski.
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Kuopio
Kuopio is a city and a municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia, Finland. A population of 97,552 makes it the ninth biggest city in the country. The city has a total area of 2,317.24 square kilometres (894.69 sq mi), of which 719.85 km2 (277.94 sq mi) is water and half forest. The population density is only 61 /km2 (160 /sq mi), but the city's urban areas are populated very densely (urban area: 1 617.6 /km²), nationally second only to capital Helsinki (urban area: 1,690.0/km²). The population of the entire Kuopio region is 119,472.
There are several explanations behind the name Kuopio. The first is that in the 16th century, a certain influential person named Kauhanen in Tavinsalmi changed his name to Skopa and the people's pronunciation was Coopia and finally Cuopio. The second explanation is that it comes from the verb kuopia, meaning when, for example, a horse paws the ground with its hoof. A third theory is that it came from a certain Karelian man's name Prokopij, from Ruokolahti in the Middle Ages. This is the most probable explanation, supported by the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland.
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Käpylä
Käpylä (Swedish: Kottby) is a neighbourhood of Helsinki with 7,600 inhabitants. Administratively speaking, Käpylä is a part of the Vanhakaupunki district.
It is located between Kumpula, Oulunkylä and Koskela. Käpylä has an end stop for the Helsinki tram network. Additionally, the Olympic Village built for the 1952 Summer Olympics and another village for the cancelled 1940 Summer Olympics are located in Käpylä. The Park Hotel, located in Käpylä, became known for being the shooting location of the popular Finnish satirical TV series Hyvät herrat. The lyceum school situated in Käpylä has a specific orientation towards students with an interest in the natural sciences.
The tram lines 1 and 1A as well as the Tuusulanväylä freeway bus lines travel to Käpylä. The I- N- and T-trains of the Helsinki commuter rail system stop at Käpylä railway station.
There are smaller regions inside Käpylä, Puu-Käpylä (wood-Käpylä) and Taivaskallio.
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Kärkölä
Kärkölä is a municipality of Finland. Its seat is in Järvelä.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 4,798 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 259.31 square kilometres (100.12 sq mi) of which 2.84 km2 (1.10 sq mi) is water. The population density is 18.71 inhabitants per square kilometre (48.5 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Kärkölä at Wikimedia Commons
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Laakso
Laakso (Swedish: Dal) is a neighbourhood in Helsinki, Finland. Its borders are defined by the streets of Mannerheimintie and Nordenskiöldinkatu and the Helsinki Central Park. The neighbourhood is bordered by Töölö in the south, Meilahti in the southwest, Ruskeasuo in the north and Länsi-Pasila in the east.
The neighbourhood has an area of 0.74 km², a population of 1781 and 1583 jobs (December 31, 2003). Laakso is neighbourhood #18 in the official neighbourhood numbering of Helsinki, and belongs to the district of Reijola.
The population in Laakso is mainly concentrated in multiple-floor apartment buildings on Mannerheimintie. The neighbourhood also includes a hospital, a riding field, and a large part of the southern Central Park.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, the neighborhood hosted the Eventing equestrian riding competitions.
Coordinates: 60°11′30″N 24°55′00″E / 60.19167°N 24.9166667°E / 60.19167; 24.9166667
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Lahden Stadion
Lahden stadion is a multi-use stadium in Lahti, Finland. In Winter the stadium is used in cross-country skiing and biathlon. In summer it is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Lahti. The stadium holds 14,500 and was built in 1981.
Stadium is also a well-known venue for cross-country skiing and biathlon. It, along with neighboring ski jumping hills, has hosted two FIS Nordic World Ski Championships (1989 and 2001) and numerous FIS World Cup events. In biathlon, the stadium has been the venue for three World Championships (1981, 1991 and 2000) and also the World Cup for many years.
Aerial view
Football pitch
Stadium in March during the Salpausselkä Games
Coordinates: 60°58′59″N 25°38′03″E / 60.98306°N 25.63417°E / 60.98306; 25.63417
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Lahti
Lahti (Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland.
Lahti is the capital of the Päijänne Tavastia region. It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay and Vesijärvi means water lake.
The symbol of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by sparkling flames.
Lahti was first mentioned in documents in 1445. The village belonged to the parish of Hollola and was located at the medieval trade route of Ylinen Viipurintie, which linked the towns of Hämeenlinna and Vyborg.
The completion of the Riihimäki – St. Petersburg railway line in 1870 and the Vesijärvi canal in 1871 turned Lahti into a lively station, and industrial installations began to spring up around it. For a long time, the railway station at Vesijärvi Harbour was the second busiest station in Finland. Craftsmen, merchants, a few civil servants and a lot of industrial workers soon mixed in with the existing agricultural peasantry.
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Lappeenranta
Lappeenranta (Swedish: Villmanstrand) is a city and municipality that resides on the shore of the lake Saimaa in South-Eastern Finland, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Russian border. It belongs to the region of South Karelia. With approximately 72,000 inhabitants (31 January 2012) Lappeenranta is the 13th largest city in Finland. The neighboring municipality of Joutseno was consolidated with Lappeenranta on January 1, 2009, and the neighboring municipality of Ylämaa on January 1, 2010.
Lappeenranta was originally formed around a headland pointing to lake Saimaa. In the 16th century, the market place moved from Lappee's old centre Kauskila to the current fortress headland. The first mention of Lapwes, as it was called, is in a privilege charter from 1542 that subjugated the market place under Viborg's authority.
The town was chartered in 1649 by Queen Christina of Sweden, legitimizing the trade in the then popular marketplace of Lapvesi. However, the parliamentary privilege charter and the coat of arms were attested in 1652 after the town layout by Erik Aspegren was affirmed. At the time, Lappeenranta was an important port for tar.
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Linköping
Linköping [ˈlɪnːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in southern middle Sweden, with 104,232 inhabitants in 2010. It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County. Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping (Church of Sweden) and is well known for its cathedral. Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987. Nowadays Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry. Dominating the city's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral.
The city is possibly named after the Lionga ting assembly which according to Medieval Scandinavian laws was the most important thing in Östergötland. Exact location of the Lionga ting is not known, but it was along the Eriksgata. Köping means there was a market there.
Historically, Linköping is famed for being an early diocese, second in Sweden (within its pre-1658 boundaries) only to Skara. The diocese is first mentioned in 1104 in the so-called "List of Florence" (Lionga. Kaupinga). The monastery of Vreta Kloster near Roxen north of Linköping was established in 1128, and the oldest parts of the cathedral are also from the 12th century (although it has been changed many times since then, the eye-catching tower with copper roofing being a 19th century product). On several occasions attempts to achieve a separate Swedish archdiocese were based in Linköping, although, when they finally were successful in 1164, Uppsala was chosen instead.
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Lund
Lund (Swedish pronunciation: [lɵnd] ( listen)) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 82,800 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 110,824. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark. It soon became a major Christian center of the Baltic Sea region, at a time when the area was still a frontier area for Christian mission, and within Scandinavia and especially Denmark through the Middle Ages. From 1103 it was the seat of an archbishop. At the center of the city stands the towering Lund Cathedral, built ca 1090-1145.
Lund University, established 1666, is today one of Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research.
Along with Sigtuna, Lund is the oldest city in present-day Sweden. Lund's origins are unclear. Until the 1980s, the town was thought to have been founded around 1020 by either Sweyn I Forkbeard or his son Canute the Great of Denmark. The area was then part of the kingdom of Denmark. But, recent archaeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement dated to circa 990, possibly the relocation of settlers at Uppåkra. The Uppåkra settlement dates back to the first century B.C. and its remains are at the present site of the village of Uppåkra. King Sweyn I Forkbeard moved Loda to its present location, a distance of some five kilometres. The new location of Lund, on a hill and across a ford, gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, situated on the highest point of a large plain.
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Malmi, Helsinki
Coordinates: 60°15′01″N 25°00′35″E / 60.25028°N 25.00972°E / 60.25028; 25.00972
Malmi (Swedish: Malm) is a regional center and a major district on the north-eastern part of Helsinki, Finland. It has a population of 24,312 (2008).
Malmi (Malmin kaupunginosa) is divided into six subareas, which are Ylä-Malmi, Ala-Malmi, Pihlajamäki, Tattariharju, Malmin lentokenttä (Malmi airport) and Pihlajisto.
Malmin peruspiiri is a related but distinct subdivision of Helsinki (used for certain administrative purposes) which does not include Pihlajamäki and Pihlajisto, but instead includes Tapanila and Tapaninvainio. The population of this area is approximately 27,800.
Malmi has its own railway station and an airport.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted the pistol and rifle shooting events.
Media related to Malmi at Wikimedia Commons
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Malmö
Malmö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmalːˈmøː] ( listen)), in the southernmost province of Scania, is Sweden's third largest city by population after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and is one of the largest cities in Scandinavia.
Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 300,515 inhabitants in eight different localities, with 30% being of foreign origin (either born outside of Sweden or having both parents born abroad). Malmö is also a bimunicipal locality, as part of it is formally situated in Burlöv Municipality. The total population of the urban area was 280,415 in December 2010.
Greater Malmö is one of Sweden's three officially recognized Metropolitan areas (storstadsområden) and since 2005 is defined as the municipality of Malmö and 11 other municipalities in the southwestern corner of Scania. On 30 June 2008, its population was recorded to be 628,388. The region covers an area of 2,535.76 square kilometres (979.06 sq mi). The municipalities included, apart from Malmö, are Burlöv, Eslöv, Höör, Kävlinge, Lomma, Lund, Skurup, Staffanstorp, Svedala, Trelleborg and Vellinge. Lund, with a municipal population of over 100,000 and home to one of Scandinavia's major universities, is together with Malmö the region's economic and education hub.
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Maunula
Maunula (Finnish), Månsas (Swedish) is a northwestern neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted part of the road cycling events.
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Meilahti
Meilahti (in Swedish Mejlans) is a neighbourhood of Helsinki between Mannerheimintie (the main entrance road to Helsinki) and a bay named Seurasaarenselkä. Most of the houses in Meilahti were built in the 1930s and 1940s. Meilahti is home to over 6700 people, including Sauli Niinistö, the President of Finland, who lives in Mäntyniemi, the President's official residence. Jyrki Katainen, the Prime Minister of Finland, also has an official residence in Meilahti, namely Kesäranta.
Several hospitals are located in this district, including the Meilahti Hospital of the Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH).
Neighbourhoods surrounding Meilahti are Töölö, Munkkiniemi, Ruskeasuo, Pikku Huopalahti and Laakso.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, the neighborhood hosted the rowing events.
Coordinates: 60°11′N 24°54′E / 60.183°N 24.9°E / 60.183; 24.9
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Millennium Stadium
The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm) is the national stadium of Wales, located in the capital city, Cardiff. It is the home of the Wales national rugby union team and also frequently stages games of the Wales national football team, but is also host to many other large scale events, such as the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain, boxing and many music concerts, including Tina Turner, Madonna, The Rolling Stones, U2, Stereophonics, Paul McCartney, and the Tsunami Relief concert. It was built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup.
The Millennium Stadium is owned by Millennium Stadium plc which is a subsidiary company of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). The stadium was designed by a team led by architects Bligh Lobb Sports Architecture, who merged to become HOK Sport Venue Event, which would be renamed Populous in early 2009. WS Atkins were the structural engineers, and the building contractor was Laing. The total construction cost of the stadium was £121 million, of which the Millennium Commission funded £46 million.
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Narva
Narva (Russian: Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.
People settled in the area from the 5th to 4th millennium BC, as witnessed by the archeological traces of the Narva culture, named after the city. The fortified settlement at Narva Joaoru is the oldest known in Estonia, dated to around 1000 BC. The earliest written reference of Narva is in the First Novgorod Chronicle, which in the year 1172 describes a district in Novgorod called Nerevsky or Narovsky konets (yard). According to historians, this name derives from the name of Narva or Narva River and indicates that a frequently used trade route went through Narva, although there is no evidence of the existence of a trading settlement at the time.
The favourable location at the crossing of trade routes and the Narva River was behind the founding of Narva castle and the development of an urban settlement around it. The castle was founded during the Danish rule of northern Estonia during the second half of the 13th century, the earliest written record of the castle is from 1277.Narvia village is mentioned in the Danish Census Book already in 1241. A town developed around the stronghold and in 1345 obtained Lübeck City Rights from Danish king Valdemar IV. The castle and surrounding town of Narva became a possession of the Livonian Order in 1346, after the Danish king sold its lands in Northern Estonia. In 1492 Ivangorod fortress across the Narva River was established by Ivan III of Moscow.
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Nastola
Nastola is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 15,066 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 362.86 square kilometres (140.10 sq mi) of which 38.67 km2 (14.93 sq mi) is water. The population density is 46.47 inhabitants per square kilometre (120.4 /sq mi). Nastola is located between two major cities: Lahti and Kouvola.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Nastola at Wikimedia Commons
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Nordic countries
The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. In English, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries (but excluding Greenland), despite the fact that that word is most strictly defined to refer only to Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The region's five nation-states and three autonomous regions share much common history as well as common traits in their respective societies, such as political systems and the Nordic model. Politically, Nordic countries do not form a separate entity, but they co-operate in the Nordic Council. The Nordic countries have a combined population of approximately 25 million spread over a land area of 3.5 million km² (Greenland accounts for around 60% of the total area).
Although the area is linguistically heterogeneous, with three unrelated language groups, the common linguistic heritage is one of the factors making up the Nordic identity. The continental Scandinavian languages – Danish, Norwegian and Swedish – are considered mutually intelligible. These languages are taught in school throughout the Nordic countries; Swedish, for example, is a mandatory subject in Finnish schools, whereas Danish is mandatory in Icelandic, Faroese and Greenlandic schools. For this reason, (continental) Scandinavian language is considered the lingua franca of all of the Nordic countries. Besides these and the insular North Germanic languages Faroese and Icelandic, all belonging to the Indo-European language group, there are the Finnic and Sami branches of the Uralic languages, spoken respectively in northern Norway, Sweden and Finland, and Greenlandic, an Eskimo–Aleut language, spoken in Greenland.
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Norrköping
Norrköping [ˈnɔrːˈɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality.
The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry. It has several nicknames such as: "Sweden's Manchester", "Peking" and "Surbullestan" (Surbulle [sour bun] was a local nickname for the textile workers, and stan is short for Staden, which means The City or The Town in Swedish)
The city has medieval foundations by settlers around the Norrköping twin city with Linköping Motala stream estuary, who used the falls and rapids to power their mills. The stream was also full of fish such as salmon. Exact dates are uncertain, but there are mentions of a church in the 12th century. It was dedicated to Saint Olaf, Norway's patron.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Odense
The city of Odense (Danish pronunciation: [ˈoðˀn̩sə] ( listen)) is the third largest city in Denmark. Odense City has a population of 168,798 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]) and is the main city of the island of Funen. The city is the seat of Odense Municipality, with a population of 191,610 (as of 1 January 2012 (2012 -01-01)[update]), and was the seat of Odense County until 1970, and Funen County from 1970 until 1 January 2007, when Funen County became part of the Region of Southern Denmark.
Odense (from Odins Vé, meaning "Odin's shrine", referring to the god Odin of Denmark's indigenous Norse mythology), is one of the oldest cities of Denmark and had its 1000th anniversary in 1988. To celebrate this, a forest named "the Thousand Year Forest" (Danish: Tusindårsskoven) was cultivated. The shrine of Saint Canute (Danish: Sankt Knud / Knud den Hellige) in Saint Canute's Cathedral held great attraction for pilgrims throughout the Middle Ages.
In the 16th century, the town was the meeting-place of several parliaments, and down to 1805 it was the seat of the provincial assembly of Funen.
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Orimattila
Orimattila is a town and municipality of Finland.
It is located in the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 16,352 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 814.21 square kilometres (314.37 sq mi) of which 28.87 km2 (11.15 sq mi) is water. The population density is 20.82 inhabitants per square kilometre (53.9 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
The municipality of Artjärvi was consolidated with Orimattila on 1 January 2011.
The following sports clubs are located in Orimattila:
Media related to Orimattila at Wikimedia Commons
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] ( listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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Oulu
Oulu (pronounced [ˈoulu] ( listen), Swedish: Uleåborg [ˈʉːleɔˌbɔrj]) is a city and municipality of 143,988 inhabitants (31 January 2012) in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia, in Finland. It is the most populous city in Northern Finland and the sixth most populous city in the country. It is one of the northernmost larger cities in the world.
Oulu was founded on April 8, 1605, by King Charles IX of Sweden opposite to the fort built on the island of Linnansaari. This took place after favourable peace settlements with the Russians, which removed the threat of attack via the main east-west waterway, the river Oulu. The surrounding areas were populated much earlier. Oulu is situated by the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of river Oulujoki, which is an ancient trading site. One possible source for the name Oulu is a word in the Sami language meaning 'flood water', but there are other suggestions. Oulu was the capital of the Province of Oulu from 1776 to 2009.
In 1822, a major fire destroyed much of the city. The architect Carl Ludvig Engel, chiefly known for the neoclassical (empire style) buildings around Helsinki Senate Square, was enlisted to provide the plan for the rebuilding of the city. With minor changes, this plan remains the basis for the layout of Oulu's town center. The Oulu Cathedral was built in 1832 to his designs, with the spire being finished in 1844.
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Padasjoki
Padasjoki is a municipality of Finland.
It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 3,358 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 729.87 square kilometres (281.80 sq mi) of which 206.68 km2 (79.80 sq mi) is water. The population density is 6.42 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.6 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Padasjoki at Wikimedia Commons
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Pakila
Pakila (Swedish: Baggböle) is a neighbourhood in Northern Helsinki. It comprises Länsi-Pakila and Itä-Pakila. Pakila has approximately 9,829 inhabitants which of 6464 lives in Länsi-Pakila and 3365 in Itä-Pakila
The neighborhood hosted the road cycling for the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 60°15′N 24°57′E / 60.25°N 24.95°E / 60.25; 24.95
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Pankritio Stadium
Pankritio Stadium (Greek: Παγκρήτιο Στάδιο, Pagkritio Stadio literally:Pancretan Stadium) is a sports stadium located in Heraklion on the island of Crete. It was completed on December 31, 2003, and officially opened on August 11, 2004, just before the beginning of the 2004 Summer Olympics to host the football match Greece vs. Switzerland. It has a capacity of 27,000 seats.
The stadium is currently the home ground of Superleague football team Ergotelis.
Coordinates: 35°20′12″N 25°06′22″E / 35.33667°N 25.10611°E / 35.33667; 25.10611
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Pori
Pori (Swedish: Björneborg) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland. The city is located some 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river, which is the largest in Finland. It was established in 1558 by John III (Finnish: Juhana III or Juhana-herttua). Pori is the most important town in the Satakunta region.
The municipality has a population of 83,192 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 1,704.07 square kilometres (657.95 sq mi) of which 870.01 km2 (335.91 sq mi) is water. The population density is 99.74 /km2 (258.3 /sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Pori is the 11th largest city in Finland, and the 7th largest urban area.
The Neo-Gothic Juselius Mausoleum, located in the Käppärä cemetery in central Pori, was built in 1903 by the wealthy industrialist F.A. Juselius for his daughter Sigrid, who died when she was only 11 years old. The mausoleum was designed by the architect Josef Stenbäck. The mausoleum originally had frescoes painted by artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela, but these decayed after a short time. The frescoes were restored by Akseli's son Jorma Gallen-Kallela using his father's sketches.
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Poststadion
The Poststadion is a multi-use stadium in the Moabit district of Berlin, Germany, built in 1929 for the sports club of the German Reichspost at the site of a former Prussian Uhlan parade ground. A designated landmark since 1990, its stands and terrace are currently under reconstruction. The fields are used mostly for regional football and host the home matches of SC Minerva 93 Berlin and SC Union 06 Berlin, since 2008 also of SV Yeşilyurt Berlin and Berlin AK 07.
The stadium today holds 15,005 people and is all-seater. Before, it held up to 45,000 spectators, who on 10 May 1930 saw the German national football team playing 3-3 against England, one of the first encounters of the two teams. Richard Hofmann scored all three goals for Germany before England's David Jack finally equalised.
After the Deutsches Stadion in Charlottenburg had been closed in 1934, the Poststadion became the site of the German championship final. FC Schalke 04 won with 2-1 over 1. FC Nuremberg, who themselves gained the title two years later in a 2-1 match against Fortuna Düsseldorf. The stadium was also used as a boxing arena, when on 7 July 1935 Max Schmeling won against Paulino Uzcudun after twelve rounds.
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Päijänne Tavastia
Päijänne Tavastia (Finnish: Päijät-Häme; Swedish: Päijänne Tavastland) is a region in Southern Finland south of the lake Päijänne. It borders the regions Uusimaa, Tavastia Proper, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, Southern Savonia and Kymenlaakso.
For history, geography and culture see: Tavastia
There are 11 municipalities in Päijänne Tavastia. Cities and towns are marked in bold.
Blazon: Azure, a mermaid and in dexter chief a cuckoo close Or.
In laymen's terms: The coat of arms sports a depiction of the ancient water goddess Vellamo as a mermaid, with a cuckoo to represent the influence of the numerous post-WW2 Karelian refugees in Lahti and the surrounding regions.
Results of the Finnish parliamentary election, 2011 in Päijänne Tavastia:
Medieval church in Hollola
A view of Lahti centre
Lake Päijänne in Sysmä
Heinola town centre
Lahti Market Place with the City Hall by Eliel Saarinen in the background
Virenoja Rapids and ruins of an old mill, Orimattila
Hartola Church
The radio masts in Lahti, symbols for the city
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Pécs
Pécs (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈpeːtʃ] ( listen); known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county. Pécs is also the seat of Roman Catholic Diocese of Pécs.
The city Sopianae was founded by Romans at the beginning of the 2nd century, on an area peopled by Celts and Pannoni tribes. By the 4th century it became the capital of Valeria province and a significant early Christian center. The early Christian necropolis is from this era which became an UNESCO World Heritage Site in December 2000.
Its episcopate was founded in 1009 by Steven I, and the first university in Hungary was founded in Pécs in 1367 by Louis I the Great. (The largest university still resides in Pécs with about 34,000 students). Pécs was formed into one of the cultural and arts center of the country by bishop Janus Pannonius, the great, Hungarian, humanist poet. Pécs has a rich heritage from the age of a 150 year long Ottoman occupation, like the mosque of Pasha Qasim the Victorious on Széchenyi square.
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Randers
Randers (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑnɐs]) is a city in Randers municipality (Aarhus County, Region Midtjylland) on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city, with a population of 61,121 (1 January 2012). Randers city is the main town of the municipality and the site of its municipal council.
Randers municipality has 94,750 inhabitants (2010). The municipality is also a part of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which has 1.2 million inhabitants..
Randers, Denmark's only natural river harbour, is on the banks of the River Guden (Gudenå), about 6 miles (10 km) above its mouth in Randers Fjord, and 111 miles (179 km) west-northwest of Copenhagen. This location has had great significance for trade by sea. Barges on the Guden River and the Northern River (Nørreå) transported goods into Randers from Silkeborg and Viborg for export. In return, items were imported.
A vast agricultural area, and good transportation by land and by water, helped make Randers a dynamic center for trade and commerce. Known for the many access roads leading into the city, it has engendered the popular saying, "Where the waterway meets the 13 highways" ("Hvor søvejen møder de 13 landeveje").
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Reykjavik
Reykjavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] (
listen)) is the capital and largest city in Iceland.
Its latitude, at 64°08' N, makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík Area), it is the heart of Iceland's economic and governmental activity.
Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have established around 870 C.E. Until the 18th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce, population, and governmental activities.
The first permanent settlement in Iceland by Norsemen is believed to have been established in Reykjavík by Ingólfur Arnarson around AD 870; this is described in Landnámabók, or the Book of Settlement. Ingólfur Arnarson is said to have decided the location of his settlement using a traditional Viking method; by casting his high seat pillars (Öndvegissúlur) into the ocean when he saw the coastline, then settled where the pillars came to shore. Steam from hot springs in the region is said to have inspired Reykjavík's name, which loosely translates to Smoke Cove (the city is often referred to as the Bay of Smokes or Bay of Smoke) The original name was Reykjarvík with an additional "r" that vanished around 1300.[citation needed]
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Rosenaustadion
Rosenaustadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. It is the largest stadium in the city.
Until 2009, the stadium was used mostly for football matches by the football club FC Augsburg. It has an official capacity of 32,354 people. It was built in 1951. In 2009, it was replaced by the Impuls Arena
The stadium was built from 1949, using debris from the aerial bombings of the Second World War. The original plans for the stadium however go back to 1926. A temporary narrow gauge railway line run from 1946 from the city centre to the construction site, carrying 185,000 tonnes of debris to be used at the new stadium.
The Rosenaustadion was opened on 16 September 1951 with a Germany versus Austria football match, a B-international, drawing a crowd of 51,000.
From 1951 to 1972 the Rosenau-stadium possessed an outstanding meaning for German sport, particularly in the disciplines of football and athletics, due to its size and modernity. With the opening of Munich's Olympiastadion for the 1972 Summer Olympics, this position was lessened. Despite this, the stadium did host five football matches during these games.
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Ruskeasuo
Ruskeasuo (Brunakärr in Swedish, verbatim "Brown swamp") is a neighbourhood of Helsinki (Helsingfors in Swedish), about 3 kilometres north of the city center.
With a population of 2670 (year 2005) Ruskeasuo is a rather quiet residential area. Buildings by Mannerheimintie are typically 6-8 floors high from 1950s. Between Mannerheimintie and Central Park, low-rise buildings are dominant.
The equestrian dressage and eventing competitions for the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at their sports hall.
Coordinates: 60°12′N 24°54′E / 60.2°N 24.9°E / 60.2; 24.9
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Råsunda Stadium
Råsunda Fotbollstadion, also Råsundastadion, Råsunda Stadium or just Råsunda, is a Swedish national football stadium. It is located in Solna Municipality in Metropolitan Stockholm and named after Råsunda, a zone of Solna.
It was opened in 1937 although there had already existed stadiums at the site; the earliest opened in 1910. The inaugural match took place on 18 April 1937 when AIK played against Malmö FF, AIK won the match 4–0. Råsunda has a capacity of 35,000–36,608 depending on usage. The 1910 stadium hosted some of the football and some of the shooting events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. The stadium is the home stadium for AIK, and is used for many derbies between Stockholm clubs. It also hosts the headquarters of the Swedish Football Association, and stages 75% of the home matches of the national football team each year, with most other matches being played at Ullevi in Gothenburg. These two stadiums are UEFA 4-star rated football stadiums.[citation needed]
The record attendance is 52,943 and was set 26 September 1965, when Sweden played West Germany.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург, tr. Sankt-Peterburg; IPA: [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk] ( listen)) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. In 1914 the name of the city was changed to Petrograd (Russian: Петроград; IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat]), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград; IPA: [lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg.
In Russian literature, informal documents, and discourse, the "Saint" (Санкт-) is usually omitted, leaving Petersburg (Петербург, Peterburg). In common parlance Russians may drop "-burg" (-бург) as well, leaving only Peter (Питер, Russian: [ˈpʲitʲɪr]).
Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703. From 1713 to 1728 and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the Imperial capital of Russia. In 1918 the central government bodies moved from Saint Petersburg (then named Petrograd) to Moscow. It is Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
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Seinäjoki
Seinäjoki is a city located in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Seinäjoki originated around the Östermyra bruk iron and gunpowder factories founded in 1798. Seinäjoki became a municipality in 1868, market town in 1931 and town in 1960. In the beginning of 2009, the neighbouring municipalities of Nurmo and Ylistaro were consolidated with Seinäjoki.
The Town library, Lakeuden Risti church and central administrative buildings are designed by Alvar Aalto.
The asteroid 1521 Seinäjoki bears the town's name.
Seinäjoki was historically called Östermyra in Swedish. Today this name is very seldom used even among the Swedish speakers. Literal translation for Seinäjoki is "Wallriver".
Seinäjoki Airport is located in the neighbouring municipality of Ilmajoki, 11 kilometres (10 mi) south of Seinäjoki city centre.
The settlement spread in the area of the present Seinäjoki during the first half of the 16th century. During the 1550s there is said to have been three houses in Seinäjoki, Marttila, Jouppi and Uppa houses. House of Jouppila, which separated from the house of Jouppi, was established during the same century. All of the houses were located on the shore of the river.
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Shanghai Stadium
The Shanghai Stadium (simplified Chinese: 上海体育场; traditional Chinese: 上海體育場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Tǐyùchǎng) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shanghai, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches.
The stadium was built in 1997 when the 8th National Games of the People's Republic of China was held in Shanghai. It can hold about 80,000 people, so it is also called the "80,000 people's Stadium"(八万人体育场). It is one of the thirty largest football stadiums in the world, and is the third largest stadium in China after the Guangdong Olympic Stadium and the Beijing National Stadium. It was used for football preliminaries at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Shanghai Stadium was also the venue for the Opening Ceremony of the 2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games.
Shanghai Stadium is close to Shanghai Indoor Stadium. Since the names of the two buildings differ by only a word in both Chinese and in English, many people have confused the two. This has been made worse by the opening of Shanghai Metro Line 4, in which the two are situated at adjacent stops.
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Sibelius Hall
The Sibelius Hall (Finnish: Sibeliustalo) is a concert hall in Lahti, Finland, named after the composer Jean Sibelius. The concert hall was completed in 2000. Architects Kimmo Lintula and Hannu Tikka designed the hall, which is made of wood. The acoustics were engineered by Artec Consultants, New York. Its acoustics are one of its strongest points, while the architecture follows the Scandinavian tradition of sophisticated design. The concert hall has a capacity of 1,250 seats.
The Sibelius Hall is home to the Lahti Symphony Orchestra.
BIS Liner notes
Media related to Sibelius hall at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 60°59′42″N 025°39′04″E / 60.995°N 25.65111°E / 60.995; 25.65111
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Stade Bergeyre
Stade Bergeyre is a former sports stadium in Paris, France, located in 19th district of the French capital. Built in August 1918, with financial support of Jacques Sigrand. Its capacity was approximately 15,000, and the name comes from the name of a French rugby player, who died in First World War.
Bergeyre stadium was mainly used for soccer games, and was home of the Olympique Paris team. Also, rugby, track and field and various other activities (e.g. circus) took place there. In 1924, several football and rugby games of the Olympic Games took place here. However, just two years later, it was demolished because the city of Paris, which was quickly growing, needed space for housing.
Coordinates: 48°52′38″N 2°22′37″E / 48.87722°N 2.37694°E / 48.87722; 2.37694
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Stade de Paris
The Stade de Paris (usually called Stade Bauer) is a 10,000-capacity football (soccer) stadium in Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis in the northern suburbs of Paris. The stadium is mainly used by Red Star 93 who currently play in the Championnat de France Amateurs but have tasted success in the Coupe de France, winning it on five occasions.
It hosted some of the football and rugby union events for the 1924 Summer Olympics.
Stade de Paris was also the France national rugby league team's home ground for the 1935, 1936–37, 1938, and 1952–53 European Rugby League Championships.
Lately the stadium has fallen into bad shape, damaged heavily by a storm in 1999 and suffering from a lack of care since.
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Stade Joseph Marien
Stade Joseph Marien is a multi-use stadium in Brussels, Belgium. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of R. Union Saint-Gilloise. The stadium holds 8,000 and was opened in 1919. It is located within the Duden park and its entrance is at one end of the Rue du Stade.
It hosted some of the football events for the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Coordinates: 50°49′4″N 4°19′45″E / 50.81778°N 4.32917°E / 50.81778; 4.32917
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Stade Pershing
Stade Pershing was a multi-purpose stadium in Vincennes, France. It was used mostly for football matches and hosted the final of the Coupe de France on four occasions. It also hosted some of the football and rugby matches during the 1924 Summer Olympics. The stadium was able to hold 29,000 spectators at its height; it opened in 1919 and closed in 1960. Its area currently hosts baseball games.
The stadium was built as the Pershing Stadium by the US Military at the end of World War I. It hosted the Inter-Allied Games, and then was presented as a gift from the USA to France after the games concluded. An exhibition match at Stade Pershing between the Great Britain and Australian national rugby league football teams in December 1933 inspired the beginnings of rugby league in France.
Coordinates: 48°49′49″N 2°27′23″E / 48.83028°N 2.45639°E / 48.83028; 2.45639
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Stadio Adriatico
Stadio Adriatico - Giovanni Cornacchia is a stadium in Pescara, Abruzzo, Italy, which opened in 1955 and designed by Italian architect Luigi Piccinato. For the 1960 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football preliminaries. It originated as a multipurpose athletic facility and a center for the Italian National Olympic Committee. Today, the stadium is intended primarily for football and athletics and is the home stadium of Serie A club Delfino Pescara 1936.
The stadium, which completed its renovation works in 2009, was the main stadium of the 2009 Mediterranean Games. In the past, it has hosted several Italy national football team matches and was selected as a reserve stadium for the 1990 World Cup.
The oval-style stadium was designed by Luigi Piccinato along the lines of the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. From an architectural perspective, it is of interest for its use of arches to support the bleachers. Originally, the stadium had one-level stands and could only accommodate 10,000 spectators. After Pescara Calcio's first promotion to the Serie A in 1977, the stadium was subject to the widening of the Curve and also to the stands with the addition of a second level. It resulted in the stadium to be able to accommodate 34,000 spectators. Prior to the Heysel Stadium Disaster, when stadium security and regulations were less strict, the stadium was able to hold up to 40,000 paying spectators.
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Stadio San Paolo
Stadio San Paolo is a multi-purpose stadium in the western suburb of Fuorigrotta in Naples, Italy, and is the third largest football stadium in Italy after the San Siro and Stadio Olimpico. For the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, it hosted the football preliminaries. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of Napoli. The stadium was built in 1959 and underwent extensive renovations in 1989 for the 1990 World Cup. The present capacity of the San Paolo is 60,240.
The stadium is probably most famous for hosting the 1990 World Cup semi-final between Italy and Argentina. Considered to be the most intriguing match of that World Cup, Diego Maradona asked for the Napoli fans to cheer for Argentina. The Napoli tifosi responded by hanging a flag in their "curva" of the stadium saying "Maradona, Naples loves you, but Italy is our homeland". It was touching for Maradona as Napoli was the only stadium during that World Cup that the Argentinian national anthem was not jeered. The match finished 1–1 after extra time. A penalty shoot out ensued with Maradona fittingly scoring the winning penalty for Argentina.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Sysmä
Sysmä is a municipality of Finland situated in Southern Finland and is part of the Päijänne Tavastia region. The municipality has a population of 4,263 (31 January 2012) and covers an area of 936.18 square kilometres (361.46 sq mi) of which 269.14 km2 (103.92 sq mi) is water. The population density is 6.39 inhabitants per square kilometre (16.6 /sq mi).
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Media related to Sysmä at Wikimedia Commons
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Södertälje
Södertälje (Swedish pronunciation: [sœdəˈʈɛlːˈjə] ( listen)) is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 64,619 inhabitants in 2010.
The industrial city, about 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of Stockholm, is the home to truck maker Scania AB and a top 10 pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca.
Södertälje is an international municipality and this fact is reflected in business, cultural life and the population.
Prior to 600 AD, the lake Mälaren was connected to the sea. Due to land elevation, the lake was slowly cut off, and boats had to be carried over land to and from the lake.
The name Telje is mentioned in the 11th century. To resolve a name conflict with another town that was founded north of Stockholm in the 17th century, Söder (meaning south) was added to create Södertälje; Norr (North) was added to the other to create Norrtälje.
In the 18th century Södertälje had a charter. Due to the Great Northern War and a series of plague epidemics, the population of the city dipped to barely above 200.
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Tampere
Tampere (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈtɑmpere] ( listen); Swedish: Tammerfors [tamərˈfɔrs] or [tamərˈfɔʂ]) is a city in southern Finland. It is the most populous inland city in any of the Nordic countries. The city has a population of 215,315, growing to approximately 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area. Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the Greater Helsinki municipalities of Helsinki and Espoo. In 2007, the entire Pirkanmaa region had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros.
Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres (59 ft), the rapids linking them, Tammerkoski, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "Manchester of Finland" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock".
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Tennispalatsi
Tennispalatsi (Swedish: Tennispalatset; lit. Tennis Palace), is a cultural and recreational center in Kamppi, Helsinki, Finland. It houses a Finnkino movie theatre, the Art Museum Tennis Palace, the Museum of Cultures, and small shops.
Tennispalatsi was built in 1938 in preparation for the 1940 Summer Olympics. The functionalist building, which had four tennis courts, was designed by Helge Lundström. In the 1952 Summer Olympics the basketball preliminary games were held in Tennispalatsi.
Finnkino has a 14-theatre multiplex in Tennispalatsi. It was opened on 26 February 1999. The auditoriums vary in size from 92 to 703 seats. The biggest one has a screen of 184.8 square metres (1,989 sq ft) (8.8 × 21 m/29 × 69 ft). The auditoriums utilize Dolby Digital, DTS and SDDS technologies. All auditoriums also fulfill the THX standards, but after Finnkino quit paying the THX licensing fees in 2004, the THX logos haven't been used in Tennispalatsi or Finnkino's marketing, thus they cannot be considered THX certified anymore.
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Traneberg
Traneberg is a residential district in western Stockholm and part of the Bromma borough. For the 1912 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football competitions.
Coordinates: 59°20′09″N 17°59′09″E / 59.335926°N 17.985701°E / 59.335926; 17.985701
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Trondheim
Trondheim (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔnhæjm]), historically, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 176,348, it is the third most populous municipality in Norway and city in the country, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.
The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post, and was the capital of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the city was the seat of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the seat of the Diocese of Nidaros and the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated in 1838. The current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged with Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda and Tiller.
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Tuja-Stadion
Tuja-Stadion (formally known as ESV-Stadion) is a 11,418 capacity stadium in Ingolstadt, Germany. It is primarily used for football and was the home of ESV Ingolstadt until they merged with MTV Ingolstadt to become FC Ingolstadt 04. It also hosted four football matches during the 1972 Summer Olympics. The stadium was modified in 2008 to suit 2nd division criteria. A new stadium is being planned and should be ready for the 2010/11 season.
Coordinates: 48°44′40″N 11°26′35″E / 48.74444°N 11.44306°E / 48.74444; 11.44306
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Turku
Turku (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈturku] ( listen); Swedish: Åbo [ˈoːbu] ( listen)) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River, in the region of Finland Proper. It is believed to have been first settled around the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland. It quickly became the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years. After Finland became part of the Russian Empire (1809), and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland, until the end of the 1840s. Today it remains a regional capital and an important business and cultural center.
Because of its long history it has been the site of many important events, and has extensively influenced Finnish history. Along with Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011. In 1996 it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland.
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Täby
Täby is a trimunicipal locality and the seat of Täby Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden, with 61,272 inhabitants in 2010. It is also partly located in Danderyd Municipality (the Enebyberg area) and Sollentuna Municipality. However, Täby kyrkby in the northern part of Täby Municipality, forms part of the Vallentuna urban area.
Täby consists of the following districts: Arninge, Ella Gård, Ella Park, Enebyberg, Ensta, Erikslund, Gribbylund, Hägernäs, Lahäll, Löttingelund, Lövbrunna, Näsbypark, Roslags Näsby, Skarpäng, Täby Centrum, Viggbyholm, Vallatorp, and Visinge.
Täby is famous for its racecourse, which is called "Täby Galopp". The course opened in 1960 and it replaced the earlier course Ulriksdal in Solna. The Center of Täby is called "Täby centrum", and it is the largest mall in Sweden.
European route E18 and Norrortsleden pass through Täby, as does the urban railway Roslagsbanan.
The name Täby is derived from tä, which is an old word that was used for "narrow road between roundpole fences", and by which means village. It is therefore believed that the Täby area was rich in such roads in the Viking age. The name Täby is found carved into the Jarlabanke Runestones, close to Täby church.
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Töölö Sports Hall
Töölö Sports Hall (Finnish: Töölön kisahalli, Swedish: Tölö sporthall) is a sports venue located in the Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland. It was built in 1935 as Messuhalli (Exhibition Hall). It is located near the Olympic Stadium, the Opera House, and the Sonera Stadium.
The hall was originally a venue for concerts, banquets and sporting events, but is now used only for training and competition in various sports.
In preparation for the 1952 Summer Olympics the building was expanded on the northern side.
During the Olympics gymnastics, wrestling, boxing and weightlifting events as well as the basketball finals were held at the venue.
In June 1966 the hot pitch used to fix the hall's roof caught fire. The ensuing blaze almost destroyed the whole building but was eventually extinguished with the help of 175 firemen and the army, the latter of which kept the gathered crowds out of the way.
In 1975 the hall was moved to Helsinki city ownership and got its current name. It is the home arena of the basketball team Torpan Pojat.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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Umeå
Umeå (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʉːmɛo] ( listen); Finnish: Uumaja, Northern Sami: Ubmi) is a university town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County. The city is located at the Ume River.
Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland and the twelfth biggest in Sweden, with 79,594 inhabitants in 2010. The municipality has 115,229 inhabitants as of 2010. When the university was established in 1965, growth sped up, and the number of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. As of 2011[update], 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.
Umeå is a center of education, technical and medical research in Sweden, with two universities and over 30,000 students. The city is elected European Capital of Culture of 2014.
The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, were settled by Sami people before this time, though not necessarily in the city's exact location. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there.
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Uppsala
Uppsala (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɵpːˈsɑːla]; older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden. It had 140,454 inhabitants in 2010.
Located 67 km north of the capital, Stockholm, it is also the seat of the Uppsala Municipality. Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden. Founded in 1477, Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia.
Uppsala was originally located a few kilometres to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main pagan centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods.
As a replacement for the Scandinavian gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre. A bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an archdiocese, with Stefan, a monk from Alvastra Abbey, being consecrated the first Archbishop of Uppsala and primate of Sweden.
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Vaasa
Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa) is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Today, Vaasa has a population of 60,435 (31 January 2012) (approximately 90,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten, Finnish: Pohjanmaa).
The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The city is an important centre for Finland-Swedish culture.[citation needed]
Over the years, Vaasa has changed its name several times, due to alternative spellings, political decisions and language condition changes. At first it was called Mustasaari or Mussor after the village where it was founded in 1606, but just a few years later the name was changed to Wasa to honor the royal Swedish lineage. Mustasaari (Finnish) or Korsholm (Swedish) remains as the name of the surrounding mostly rural municipality, which since 1973 surrounds the city. The city was known as Wasa between 1606 and 1855, Nikolaistad (Swedish) and Nikolainkaupunki (Finnish) between 1855 and 1917, Vasa (Swedish) and Vaasa (Finnish) beginning from 1917, with the Finnish spelling of the name being the primary one from ca 1930 when Finnish speakers became the majority in the city.
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Västerås
Västerås [vɛstərˈoːs] (English exonym: West Aros) is a city in central Sweden, located on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province Västmanland, some 100 km west of Stockholm. The city has a population of 110,877 inhabitants in 2010, out of the municipal total of 137,207 (2010).
Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality, the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see.
Västerås is one of the oldest cities in Sweden and Northern Europe. The name originates from Västra Aros, which refers to the river mouth of Svartån. The area has been populated since the Nordic Viking Age, before 1000 AD. In the beginning of the 11th century it was the second largest city in Sweden, and by the 12th century had become the seat of the bishop.
Anundshög is located just outside the City of Västerås. Anundshög is Sweden's largest burial mound. "Hög" is derived from the Old Norse word haugr meaning mound or barrow. It was built about 500 AD and is over 74 yards wide and is almost 10 yards high.
In the ensuing centuries a cathedral and a monastery were built. The first City Arms date from the end of the 13th century.
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Workers Stadium
The Workers Stadium (simplified Chinese: 工人体育场; traditional Chinese: 工人體育場; pinyin: Gōngrén Tǐyùcháng), often called Gongti or Gong Ti, is a multi-purpose stadium in the Chaoyang District of north-eastern Beijing, China. It is mostly used for football (soccer) matches. The stadium was built in 1959 and was last renovated in 2004 (the concrete structure was strengthened, a new rotating display screen and energy-saving devices were installed). It has a capacity of 66,161 and covers a land area of 350,000 square meters. It is one of the Ten Great Buildings constructed in 1959 for the 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.
The stadium was the main venue for the 1990 Asian Games, where the opening and closing ceremonies were held. Some high attendance matches of the Beijing Guo'an football club are held at the stadium. In 1993 the stadium was host to a slew of World Records set by the world-leading group of Chinese distance runners at the 7th Edition of the Chinese National Games, the most famous being international stars and world champions Wang Junxia and Qu Yunxia, who had dominated the 1993 World Championships a month before.
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Örebro
Örebro [œrəˈbruː] is a city, the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden with 107,038 inhabitants in 2010.
Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.
Örebro literally means a bridge over gravel banks, which is how the geography looks, with the stream Svartån draining into the lake Hjälmaren. The location became a natural seat of commerce in the (Scandinavian) medieval time, and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise the magnificent Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the early 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s.
Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.
wn.com/Örebro
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Aimo Lahti
Aimo Johannes Lahti (April 28, 1896, Viiala - April 19, 1970, Jyväskylä) was a self-taught Finnish weapons designer. Out of the 50 weapons that he designed, the best known is the Suomi M-31 SMG. Other well-known weapon designs include the Lahti-Saloranta M/26 LMG, Lahti L-35 pistol and Lahti L-39 anti-tank rifle. Lahti also designed the 7,62 ITKK 31 VKT anti-aircraft machine gun and the 20 ITK 40 VKT anti-aircraft cannon.
His work is considered decisive in defending Finnish independence and increasing trust in the reliability of domestic weapons produced there.
Aimo Lahti was born in Viiala in 1896, to a family of five. He had a safe and somewhat wild childhood. Lahti did not enjoy school and left after the 6th year of elementary school. He started working in the Viiala glass factory when he was 14 years old. In the same year, he bought his first weapon, a Berdan rifle, with five marks he had earned in the factory. Lahti was fascinated by the rifle’s mechanism and visited local gunsmith Säteri with whom he examined the weapon closely. Aimo Lahti visited him several times, becoming familiar with weapon mechanisms. He served his conscription in central Finland’s regiment during 1918 and 1919. On October 20, 1919 he married his wife, Ida, with whom he had his only child. His son, Olavi Johannes Lahti, was later a pilot in the Finnish Air Force and died in 1944.
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Aksu Hanttu
Aksu Hanttu (b. (1979-03-19)March 19, 1979) is a musician, record producer and sound engineer from Lahti, Finland. He plays drums in the metal band Entwine and vocals and drums in the group Tuoni. Hanttu is also involved with Finnvox Studios in Helsinki, which has worked with artists such as Nightwish, Reflexion, Soulrelic and the Belarusian 2009 Eurovision Song Contest entry Petr Elfimov. He mixed the album, Fuel for the Fire by Finnish Idols winner, Ari Koivunen. He was a co-writer on Julma Satu, the debut album of Villieläin and also provided backing vocals on most of the tracks, as well as helping to produce it at Wave Sound Studios in Aatolike.
He is influenced by Rammstein, Mokoma and Kiss and uses the following equipment in his drum set: Yamaha drums, Zildjain cymbals and Pro-mark drumsticks. He has been playing drums since 1991, but did not gain fame until 1995.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Göran Enckelman
Göran Enckelman (born 14 June 1948 in Lahti) is a retired Finnish football player. He played in both Finland and Sweden, and for the Finnish national side. He is the father of fellow goalkeeper Peter Enckelman. He won Finnish Footballer of the Year in 1975.
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Ilona Jokinen
Ilona Jokinen (b. Lahti, 1981) is a Finnish soprano opera singer. She began her vocal studies in Lahti in 1997 as a pupil of Leena Pulkki and was a pupil of Ritva Auvinen at the Helsinki Polytechnic (Stadia) from 2001 until December 2005 after which she received her Bachelor's Degree as Singing Teacher. She also took the Sibelius Academy's opera training programme from 2004, continuing with Ritva Auvinen, and has studied Lied with Pirkko Tornqvist-Paakkanen, Heikki Pellinen, Ilmo Ranta and others.
In 2004 she was chosen for the sponsorship programme run jointly by the Sibelius Academy and TeliaSonera Finland; this continued until 2007. In summer 2005 Ilona Jokinen won the third prize in the national Merikanto Singing Competition at the Art Centre Salmela, having been one of the finalists in the Timo Mustakallio Competition the previous year and taken the first prize in the national class of the Pentti Koskimies Lied Competition with pianist Asta Lötjönen in 2003.
Among the roles in Ilona Jokinen's repertoire are Susanna (Mozart's The Magic Flute), Kassandra (The Trojan Women by Jani Sivén), Amahl (Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors) and Serpina (Pergolesi's La serva padrona). Engagements in past seasons included a recital in Tokyoin December 2005 and Savonlinna Opera Festival.
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Janne Ahonen
Janne Petteri Ahonen ( pronunciation (help·info)) (born May 11, 1977 in Lahti, Finland) is a former Finnish ski jumper who competed in the World Cup between 1992 and 2011. He is often considered as one of the most successful athletes in the history of ski jumping.
Ahonen's most notable achievements include five World Championships (normal hill 1997, large hill 2005, team large hill 1995, 1997 and 2003), two World Cup overall victories (2002-2003 and 2004-2005) and a record-breaking five victories in the Four Hills Tournament (1998-1999, 2002-2003, 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2007-2008). He is the all-time leader in World Cup points, podiums (108) and Top 10 appearances (245). With 36 World Cup victories, Ahonen is the all-time third, behind Matti Nykänen (46) and Adam Małysz (39). In 2005, Ahonen was named the Finnish Sports Personality of the Year.
In 9 World Ski Championship Games, 9 Ski-Flying World Championship Games and 5 Olympic Games, Ahonen won a total of 19 medals, equalling the medal count of Matti Nykänen. Despite his success, Ahonen never won an individual Olympic medal placing 4th three times. In Olympic team competitions, he won two silver medals.
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Jari Litmanen
Jari Olavi Litmanen ( pronunciation (help·info)) (born 20 February 1971 in Lahti) is a Finnish footballer who last played for HJK. He also played for the Finland national football team, where he served as a first choice captain between 1996–2008. His international career ran from 1989 to 2010, making him the only footballer to play an International in four different decades.[citation needed]
He is widely considered to be Finland's greatest football player of all time. He was chosen as the best Finnish player of the last 50 years by the Football Association of Finland in the UEFA Jubilee Awards in November 2003. Litmanen also finished 42nd in the 100 Greatest Finns voting in 2004. The Association of Football Statisticians' (The AFS) compendium of 'Greatest Ever Footballers' listed Litmanen as the 53rd best footballer ever.
In Finland he is often called "Litti" (after Pierre Littbarski), which dates from his early years in Finland; his childhood playmate Tommi Kautonen was "Auge" after Klaus Augenthaler. He is very often also called "Kuningas" ("The King").
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Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius ( pronunciation (help·info); 8 December 1865 – 20 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the later Romantic period. His music played an important role in the formation of the Finnish national identity. His mastery of the orchestra has been described as "prodigious."
The core of Sibelius's oeuvre is his set of seven symphonies. Like Beethoven, Sibelius used each successive work to further develop his own personal compositional style. His works continue to be performed frequently in the concert hall and are often recorded.
In addition to the symphonies, Sibelius's best-known compositions include Finlandia, the Karelia Suite, Valse triste, the Violin Concerto in D minor and The Swan of Tuonela (one of the four movements of the Lemminkäinen Suite). Other works include pieces inspired by the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala; over 100 songs for voice and piano; incidental music for 13 plays; the opera Jungfrun i tornet (The Maiden in the Tower); chamber music; piano music; Masonic ritual music; and 21 separate publications of choral music.
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Jimi Tenor
Jimi Tenor (born Lahti, 1965 as Lassi Lehto) is a Finnish musician. His name is a combination of the first name of his youth idol Jimmy Osmond and the tenor saxophone. His band Jimi Tenor & His Shamans published its first album in 1988, Jimi's first solo album appeared in 1994. "Take Me Baby" became his first hit in 1994. He has released albums on Sähkö Recordings, Warp Records and Kitty-Yo labels. Jimi has performed several times with the Avante Guarde big band Flat Earth Society.
In 2009 he contributed a cover of an Elektroids song to Warp20 (Recreated) compilation, as well as having his song "Paint the Stars" covered by Hudson Mohawke.
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Jukka-Pekka Saraste
Jukka-Pekka Saraste (born April 22, 1956, Lahti) is a Finnish conductor and violinist.
Saraste was trained as a violinist. He later studied conducting at the Sibelius Academy with Jorma Panula, in the same class as Esa-Pekka Salonen and Osmo Vänskä. Before becoming a conductor, Saraste was co-principal second violinist and later an associate to Leif Segerstam, with the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra (RSO).
In 1983, Esa-Pekka Salonen and Saraste co-founded the Avanti! Chamber Orchestra, which specialises in performances of contemporary music. In 2000, Saraste also founded the Ekenäs Summer Concerts-Festival with the Finnish Chamber Orchestra, and he is currently the artistic advisor to both Festival and Orchestra. Saraste has directed the Finnish Chamber orchestra on several tours, including tours in the United States and China.
In 1987, Saraste became the chief conductor of the RSO, and held the position until 2001. In 1987, he also became the principal conductor of the Scottish Chamber Orchestra and remained with the orchestra until 1991. Saraste now holds the title of Conductor Laureate of the RSO. He has twice recorded the complete symphonies of Jean Sibelius with the RSO.
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Mikko Ilonen
Mikko Ilonen (born December 18, 1979) is a Finnish professional golfer.
Ilonen was born in Lahti, Finland. He won the 2000 Amateur Championship, and turned pro in 2001. He plays mainly on the European Tour, where he has won two events. His best major finish is tied 9th at the 2001 Open Championship.
He won his first professional tournament at the 2007 Indonesia Open, an event co-sanctioned by the European Tour and Asian Tour. He was the first Finn to win a European Tour event and to feature in the top 100 of the Official World Golf Rankings. In 2007 he finished the season in a career best 34th on the European Tour Order of Merit.
DNP = Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10.
Amateur
Professional
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Pasi Nurminen
Pasi Nurminen (born December 17, 1975 in Lahti, Finland) is a Finnish retired ice hockey goaltender. He was drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers as their sixth-round pick, #189 overall, in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.
Nurminen started his playing career with Reipas Lahti in Finland and later moved on to Ketterä Imatra and Pelicans. In 1998 he moved to HPK and then to Jokerit a year later, where he won the Urpo Ylönen trophy as best goaltender in the SM-liiga. After two season with Jokerit, he moved across the Atlantic to represent the Atlanta Thrashers. Nurminen played for Malmö IF in the Swedish Elitserien, and his hometown team, Pelicans, during the NHL lockout. He retired in the fall of 2005 due to a serious knee injury. He currently works as a goaltending consultant for Pelicans, the SM-liiga hockey team he also partially owns. Starting from 2010, he also serves the same role for the Finnish National Team and has even featured as their backup goalie during the Euro Hockey Tour.
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Thure Hellström
Thure Hellström (1857–1930) was a Swedish-Finn architect working on railroad stations for Rautatiehallitus (The Railroad Board) with Bruno Granholm
Hellström designed wooden railway station buildings at Kemi - Rovaniemi, Joensuu-Nurmes, Seinäjoki-Kaskinen, Perälä-Kristiinankaupunki, Pieksämäki-Savonlinna and Sciences-Pieksämäki. His early style is Art Nouveau.
Hellström also designed Neoclassical Station buildings.
Later, he designed more substantial buildings in stone such as Hämeenlinna, Ore, Kuopio, Pori, Riihimäki railway stations, and in 1935 in brick, Gulf station.
Some of Hellström's original buildings have since been demolished, but others remain in active use.
Media related to Thure Hellström at Wikimedia Commons
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Toni Lydman
Toni Lydman (born September 25, 1977) is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman with the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League. He has previously played for the Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Tappara (Sm-liiga), and HIFK (SM-liiga). He lives with his wife Heta and his two daughters, Amanda and Ellen. Lydman is also a guitarist in the band Mononen, which was started by some friends of his.
Lydman was drafted by Calgary in the fourth round, 89th overall at the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. He spent four seasons playing in Finland's SM-liiga for Tappara in Tampere and HIFK in Helsinki before making his NHL debut for the Flames in the 2000–01 NHL season.
His best season came in 2001-02, when he scored 28 points on 6 goals and 22 assists, tying for fifth for his team in assists and sixth in points scoring. In the 2002–03 NHL season, Lydman led his defense in points with 26 and managed to remain injury-free the whole season, only missing one game due to illness. Calgary made it to the Stanley Cup finals in the 2003–04 NHL season, but Lydman missed most of their playoff campaign due to injury. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, which wiped out the entire 2004–05 NHL season, Lydman returned to Helsinki for HIFK but only managed to play eight games.
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Toni Nieminen
Toni Nieminen (born May 31, 1975 in Lahti) is a former Finnish ski jumper who competed from 1991 to 2004. He is the youngest Winter Olympic gold medalist ever, at 16 years 261 days.
Nieminen's biggest success came in his first World Cup season 1991-1992. At the time, the transition from the Daescher technique to the V-style was taking place and Nieminen was one of the first to master the new technique.
Nieminen took his first World Cup victory in Thunder Bay, in December 1991. Then he went on to win the Four Hills Tournament with 3 victories and 1 second place. At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, Nieminen won the Large hill and the Team large hill, placing third in the Normal hill. In the World Cup, Nieminen took a total of 8 victories securing also the overall title. Additionally, Nieminen won the World Junior Championship in both the Individual and the Team competitions. Nieminen was chosen as the Finnish Sports Personality of the Year 1992.
In the following seasons, Nieminen showed only glimpses of his great talent. He became the first ski jumper to break the 200 meter barrier at Planica in 1994. Out of his total of 9 individual World Cup victories, only one came after the season 1991-1992, in Kuopio 1995. In World Cup team competitions, Nieminen scored one victory, in Villach 2001.
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Tsar Nicholas II
Nicholas II (Russian: Николай II, Николай Александрович Романов, tr. Nikolay II, Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ftɐˈroj, nʲɪkɐˈlaj əlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ rɐˈmanəf]) (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Duke of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church. He has often been referred to as Saint Nicholas the Martyr.
Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Critics nicknamed him Bloody Nicholas because of the Khodynka Tragedy, Bloody Sunday, the anti-Semitic pogroms, his execution of political opponents, and his pursuit of military campaigns on a hitherto unprecedented scale.
Under his rule, Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, including the almost total annihilation of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima. As head of state, he approved the Russian mobilization of August 1914, which marked the beginning of Russia's involvement in World War I, a war in which 3.3 million Russians were killed. The Imperial Army's big losses and the monarchy's incompetent handling with the war, along with other policies directed by Nicholas during his reign, are often cited as the leading causes of the fall of the Romanov dynasty.
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Fireing the 20mm lahti Anti tank gun
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Fireing the 20mm lahti Anti tank gun at some Bowling balls 300- 500 yards out , This gun was effectively used against the "ruskies" when they invaded finland near the beginning of WW2, Notice the small Skys it has on the bottom of the gun , which was designed for "actual" Raindeers in finland to pull it (Not all Raindeers are up with santa in the north pole) ..
http://wn.com/Fireing_the_20mm_lahti_Anti_tank_gun
20mm L39 LAHTI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
20mm L39 LAHTI 2 ROUNDS FIRED
http://wn.com/20mm_L39_LAHTI
Lahti, Finland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
( video 2001, Finland). Lahti is a city and municipality in Finland. It is the capital of the Päijänne Tavastia region located in the province of Southern Finland. It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay and Vesijärvi means water lake.
http://wn.com/Lahti,_Finland
Lahti, Finland
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 29 Sep 2012
Driving throught Lahti in a Renault Clio.
http://wn.com/Lahti,_Finland
How to shoot a Lahti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
DCS demonstrating how to shoot his 20mm Lahti
http://wn.com/How_to_shoot_a_Lahti
Tarja Turunen - Ave Maria - Live In Lahti (12.12.06)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
The clip are from the Xmas concert in Lahti (12.12.06), Tarja shines its voice, is magnifies, is not said of the scene that put. (more)
http://wn.com/Tarja_Turunen_Ave_Maria_Live_In_Lahti_121206
Christine Lahti Wins Best Actress TV Series Drama - Golden Globes 1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Laura San Giacomo and Michael J. Fox present the Best Actress for a TV Series Drama to Christine Lahti for her role in "Chicago Hope." She was in the bathroom at the time, and Robin Williams came up to entertain for a bit. She thanks David Kelley, John Tinker, cast mates, her team members, and husband Thomas Schlamme. License Golden Globe Awards Clips Here: dickclarklicensing.com
http://wn.com/Christine_Lahti_Wins_Best_Actress_TV_Series_Drama_Golden_Globes_1998
Yamaha Cup 2012: Lahti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:55
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
lauantain erät ja finaali
http://wn.com/Yamaha_Cup_2012_Lahti
Lahti Cruising 11.8.2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Lahti Cruising 11.8.2012. Filmed and edited with my Nokia E7 so the quality isn't the best. Just bought Nokia 808 PureView for filming future meetings.
http://wn.com/Lahti_Cruising_1182012
Bottom Series 3 Episode 2 Terror
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:14
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Bottom Series 3 Episode 2 Terror
http://wn.com/Bottom_Series_3_Episode_2_Terror
LAHTI SEKOAA - MM-KULTAJUHLAT 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Hulinaa Lahden yöstä, kun MM kulta on varmistunut!! © Mikko Kallas Biisit: Hockey Mafia feat. Antero Mertaranta - Taivas varjele! A-tyyppi - Ihanaa leijonat ihanaa
http://wn.com/LAHTI_SEKOAA_MM-KULTAJUHLAT_2011
Cruise in Lahti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 03 Nov 2010
The last cruise on Sep 02, 2006 in Lahti Finland
http://wn.com/Cruise_in_Lahti
On board from Lahti Historic Rally
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:34
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Slightly improved view! The mount slipped this morning so we couldn't see so much outside. Plus we've been playing around with the metering and exposure - getting better I think.
http://wn.com/On_board_from_Lahti_Historic_Rally
Sungha Jung - Waterfall - Lahti Finland 02-19-2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
Sungha Jung Finland Tour 2010 Sungha plays one of his own songs "Waterfall" in Lahti, Finland. Setlist 1. Superstition 2. Farewell 3. More Than Words 4. One of Us 5. Fields of Gold 6. Twist in My Sobriety 7. California Dreamin' *intermission* 8. Love of My Life 9. A Whiter Shade of Pale 10. Living on a Prayer with Tomi Paldanius 11. Hotel California with Tomi Paldanius 12. Waterfall 13. Billie Jean encore: With or Without You Visit Sungha Jung at www.sunghajung.com
http://wn.com/Sungha_Jung_Waterfall_Lahti_Finland_02-19-2010
Sm6 Allegro #1 test rides Kerava - Lahti, st. Kerava, 07-Apr-2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
FullHD www.megaupload.com Sm6 Allegro #1 test rides Kerava - Lahti, st. Kerava, 07-Apr-2010
http://wn.com/Sm6_Allegro_1_test_rides_Kerava_Lahti,_st_Kerava,_07-Apr-2010
Torbjorn Lahti on the Nature of Social Capital
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 19 May 2012
http://wn.com/Torbjorn_Lahti_on_the_Nature_of_Social_Capital
Lahti World Cup 2009 Nordic Women 10KM Freestyle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
1. Justyna Kowalczyk (POL) 2. Charlotte Kalla (SWE) 3. Marthe Kristoffersen (NOR)
http://wn.com/Lahti_World_Cup_2009_Nordic_Women_10KM_Freestyle
Sungha Jung - Superstition - Lahti Finland 02-19-2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
Sungha Jung Finland Tour 2010 Sungha plays "Superstition" in Lahti, Finland. Setlist 1. Superstition 2. Farewell 3. More Than Words 4. One of Us 5. Fields of Gold 6. Twist in My Sobriety 7. California Dreamin' *intermission* 8. Love of My Life 9. A Whiter Shade of Pale 10. Living on a Prayer with Tomi Paldanius 11. Hotel California with Tomi Paldanius 12. Waterfall 13. Billie Jean encore: With or Without You Visit Sungha Jung at www.sunghajung.com
http://wn.com/Sungha_Jung_Superstition_Lahti_Finland_02-19-2010
Lahti m/40 Norway PT-1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Here is part one of a casual review on the Lahti Model 40 a WWII gun made in Sweden. These were also produced in Finland as the L35. This is chambered in 9mm Luger!!! A special thanks to my good friend Anders for assiting with this video and allow me a great opportunity to shhot one of the very collectable pistols! Enjoy the vid!
http://wn.com/Lahti_m_40_Norway_PT-1
On board Escort RS BDA when Lahti, Historic Rally SS7 comes to a fiery end
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Jari-Matti flunks the "how to operate a fire extinguisher test" at the first attempt. However his innovative approach of beating the fire into submission seems to have won the day on this occasion! Luckily all was well
http://wn.com/On_board_Escort_RS_BDA_when_Lahti,_Historic_Rally_SS7_comes_to_a_fiery_end
Road trip - Finland, Lahti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:56
- Updated: 07 Jun 2012
Driving in Lahti, mostly in the outskirts area. Speed: 200% Date: July 2010 Route length: ~ 16 km / 10 miles All road trips by location: maps.google.com
http://wn.com/Road_trip_Finland,_Lahti
LAHTI - Karjalankatu - Aleksanterinkatu - Linja-autoasema Canon sx 230 hs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Kojelautakameran Canon sx 230 hs testausta ajamalla Lahden pääkatu idästä länteen. Kuvanlaatu 720p teräväpiirto. Canonin tärinänpoisto kuvanvakain toimii surkeasti lahden pomppuisilla mukulakaduilla. Pikkuruisen NB-5L lithium-ioni-akun kesto on myös todella huono. 10 minuutin videokuvaus tyhjentää akun!?! Driving Lahti (Finland - Suomi) main street with dashboard camera. Canon sx 230 hs has a very poor image / video stabilization feature. As you can be seen when you're driving on bumpy street. The battery life is also really short. 10 minutes and it is empty.
http://wn.com/LAHTI_Karjalankatu_Aleksanterinkatu_Linja-autoasema_Canon_sx_230_hs
Tarja Turunen - Walking In The Air Live In Lahti (12.12.06)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
The clip are from the Xmas concert in Lahti (12.12.06), Tarja shines its voice, is magnifies, is not said of the scene that put.
http://wn.com/Tarja_Turunen_Walking_In_The_Air_Live_In_Lahti_121206
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
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23 Nov 2012
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23 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. I was fortunate to have been raised near an American Indian archaeological spot located on the Great Plains. In elementary school, a fellow classmate would periodically bring and show grinding stones, arrow- and spearheads, stone farming implements, and pictures of what the excavated site may have...(size: 7.1Kb)
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23 Nov 2012
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This article is about the city in Finland. For the Finnish weapon designer, see Aimo Lahti. For the film actress and director, see Christine Lahti.
| Lahti | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| Lahden kaupunki | |||
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| Coordinates: 60°59′N 025°39′E / 60.983°N 25.65°E / 60.983; 25.65Coordinates: 60°59′N 025°39′E / 60.983°N 25.65°E / 60.983; 25.65 | |||
| Country | Finland | ||
| Region | Päijänne Tavastia | ||
| Sub-region | Lahti sub-region | ||
| Charter | 1905-11-01 | ||
| Government | |||
| • City manager | Jyrki Myllyvirta | ||
| Area(2011-01-01)[1] | |||
| • Total | 154.58 km2 (59.68 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 135.05 km2 (52.14 sq mi) | ||
| • Water | 19.53 km2 (7.54 sq mi) | ||
| Area rank | 318th largest in Finland | ||
| Population (2012-01-31)[2] | |||
| • Total | 102,358 | ||
| • Rank | 8th largest in Finland | ||
| • Density | 757.93/km2 (1,963.0/sq mi) | ||
| Population by native language[3] | |||
| • Finnish | 95.7% (official) | ||
| • Swedish | 0.3% | ||
| • Others | 4% | ||
| Population by age[4] | |||
| • 0 to 14 | 14.7% | ||
| • 15 to 64 | 67.2% | ||
| • 65 or older | 18.1% | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Municipal tax rate[5] | 19.5% | ||
| Website | www.lahti.fi | ||
Lahti (Swedish: Lahtis) is a city and municipality in Finland.
Lahti is the capital of the Päijänne Tavastia region. It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres (60 mi) north-east of the capital Helsinki. In English, the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay and Vesijärvi means water lake.
The symbol of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by sparkling flames.
Contents |
History[link]
Lahti was first mentioned in documents in 1445. The village belonged to the parish of Hollola and was located at the medieval trade route of Ylinen Viipurintie, which linked the towns of Hämeenlinna and Vyborg.
The completion of the Riihimäki – St. Petersburg railway line in 1870 and the Vesijärvi canal in 1871 turned Lahti into a lively station, and industrial installations began to spring up around it. For a long time, the railway station at Vesijärvi Harbour was the second busiest station in Finland. Craftsmen, merchants, a few civil servants and a lot of industrial workers soon mixed in with the existing agricultural peasantry.
On 19 June 1877, almost the entire village was burned to the ground. However, the accident proved to be a stroke of luck for the development of the place, as it led to the authorities resuming their deliberations about establishing a town in Lahti. The village was granted market town rights in 1878 and an empire-style, grid town plan was approved, which included a large market square and wide boulevards. This grid plan still forms the basis of the city center. Most of the buildings were low wooden houses bordering the streets.
Lahti was founded during a period of severe economic recession. The Russian Empire was encumbered by the war against Turkey. The recession also slowed down the building of the township: land would not sell and often plots were not built on for some time. In its early years, the town with its meagre 200 inhabitants was too small to provide any kind of foundation for trade. At the end of the 1890s, Lahti’s Township Board increased its efforts to enable Lahti to be turned into a city. In spring 1904, the efforts finally bore fruit as the Senate approved of the application, although it was another eighteen months before Tsar Nicholas II finally gave his blessing and issued an ordinance for establishing the city of Lahti.
At the end of 1905, the area that now comprises Lahti accommodated around 8,200 people of whom just under 3,000 lived in the city itself. All essential municipal institutions were built in just ten years, including a hospital and a city hall. At the same time, a rapid increase in brick houses was taking place in the centre of the city.
In the early 1920s the city gained possession of the grounds of the Lahti Manor, an important piece of land previously blocking the city from the lake. Large-scale industrial operations grew rapidly in the 1930s as did the population; Lahti, at the time, was one of Finland’s fastest-growing cities, and before the start of the Winter War its population was approaching 30,000.
Through the addition of new areas in 1924, 1933 and 1956, Lahti grew, both in terms of population and surface area. Especially strong was the growth after the wars, when Lahti accepted about 10,000 immigrants from Karelia, after the region was surrendered to the Soviet Union, and then later in the 1960 and 70's as a result of mass urbanization. The population growth came to a sharp end in 1975 and the city has since grown very little.
Culture[link]
Lahti harbors cultural ambitions, and recent years saw the building of a large congress and concert center, the Sibelius Hall. This has sparked much controversy amongst the population, many of whom feel that the money used for these purposes would be better spent on health care and education. Lahti has one of Finland's most widely known symphony orchestras, the Lahti Symphony Orchestra (Sinfonia Lahti), which performs both classical and popular music, notably concentrating on music by Jean Sibelius.
Lahti’s annual music festival programme includes such events as Lahti Organ Festival, Jazz at the market place and Sibelius Festival.
Sports[link]
Lahti is best known for its annually held World Cup winter games, the Lahti Ski Games (Salpausselän kisat). Ski jumping events of Lahti Ski Games are part of the Nordic Tournament.
For the 1952 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football preliminaries.
The city endeavors for achievements in sport, which has led to such things as the hosting of a World Games event. As of 2010, it is the only city to host the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships six times, doing so in 1926, 1938, 1958, 1978, 1989, and 2001.
The city also has an ice hockey team, the Lahden Pelicans, an Association Football (soccer) club, FC Lahti, and a basketball team Namika Lahti. In July-August 2009, Lahti hosted the 18th World Masters Athletics Championships, an outdoor age-group track meet for men and women 35 and over.
Education[link]
Lahti's greatest educational asset is the highly valued Institute of Design, which is a part of Lahti University of Applied Sciences. The institute has gained international recognition in particular for jewelry and industrial design. Other areas of expertise include metal, woodworking and furniture.
The Faculty of Physical Activity at Lahti University of Applied Sciences offers a bachelor's degree programme in Sports Studies. The Sports Institute of Finland, which is based in Vierumäki near Lahti, is the most versatile centre of sports education in the country. In addition, Pajulahti Training Center, located in the neighboring town of Nastola, is one the leading sports and training centres in Finland.
Lahti is also the home of Helsinki University's department of Environmental and Ecological Sciences (Faculty of Biosciences). It's the only science department of the University of Helsinki located outside the greater Helsinki area.
| Tertiary education |
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Lahti Region Educational Consortium
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Lahti Region Educational Consortium
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Economy[link]
The economic region of Lahti, which includes the surrounding municipalities, was strongly affected by the collapse of Finnish-Soviet trade and by the recession in the early 1990s.
The value of production slumped, especially in the mechanical engineering industry and other manufacturing industries (e.g. the furniture industry). Production also decreased in the textile and clothing industry. In 1990, there were 90,370 jobs in the Lahti Region. The number of jobs diminished over the next couple of years, so that in 1993 there were fewer than 70,000 jobs in the Lahti Region. The number of jobs had slowly increased to 79,138 in 1999.
| Employment by sector (City of Lahti) | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Services | 52.0% | 59.3% | 63.5% | 72.4% |
| Industry | 47.1% | 40.1% | 36.4% | 27.4% |
| Agriculture & Forestry | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
In 1995, R&D expenditure was FIM 715 per person, while Finland's average was about FIM 2050. The amount of Tekes (the National Technology Agency) funding in the Lahti Region grew 40% during 2004-2007 while the average growth in Finland was 60%.
| Gross domestic product (Lahti Region) | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP at current prices; million € | 3,449.3 | 3,709.7 | 3,697.5 | 3,982.3 | 4,136.8 | 4,242.4 | 4,381.9 |
| Changes of GDP; year 2000 = 100% | 100.0% | 107.5% | 107.2% | 115.5% | 119.9% | 123.0% | 127.7% |
| GDP per capita; whole country =100% | 80.7% | 82.0% | 79.4% | 84.3% | 83.9% | 83.4% | 81.2% |
| GDP per employed; whole country =100% | 86.6% | 87.3% | 83.6% | 88.9% | 88.7% | 88.6% | 87.1% |
Demographics[link]
As of 31 January 2012 Lahti’s population was 102 358, making it the eighth largest city in Finland by population.
| Population by district | 1964 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center (Keskusta) | 27,400 | 21,800 | 15,600 | 13,700 | 17,280 | 19,778 |
| Laune | 13,200 | 17,100 | 23,300 | 22,600 | 23,670 | 24,568 |
| Kivimaa–Kiveriö–Joutjärvi | 17,100 | 23,500 | 20,700 | 18,300 | 17,790 | 16,974 |
| Kärpänen | 9,400 | 7,600 | 12,800 | 12,700 | 11,940 | 11,612 |
| Ahtiala | 4,600 | 5,100 | 5,100 | 9,100 | 10,500 | 10,897 |
| Mukkula | 1,300 | 9,100 | 9,500 | 8,500 | 8,120 | 7,877 |
| Jalkaranta | 2,500 | 1,950 | 5,600 | 6,200 | 6,020 | 5,852 |
| Kolava–Kujala | 900 | 550 | 400 | 300 | 310 | 710 |
Transportation[link]
Lahti has a railway station on the Helsinki–Kontiomäki line, between Mäntsälä and Kouvola; before 2006, connections to Helsinki went via Riihimäki. The shortened railway connection is expected to boost the growth of Lahti.
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| Single ticket / Return | Adults | Travel time |
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| Helsinki Kamppi |
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Local buses leave from the market square. Bus stops are on both the Aleksanterinkatu side and the Vapaudenkatu side of the square. See also the Local traffic Trip Planner for Lahti.
Road[link]
Distance by road (km)
- Helsinki 104
- Helsinki-Vantaa Airport 99
- Tampere 126
- Turku 213
- Jyväskylä 167
- Lappeenranta 148
- Kouvola 62
- Hämeenlinna 73
- Oulu 505
- Saint Petersburg 356
Trivia[link]
The asteroid 1498 Lahti was named after the city by its discoverer, the Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä.
Born in Lahti[link]
- Göran Enckelman, football player
- Pasi Nurminen, former NHL goaltender
- Toni Lydman, Ice hockey Player
- Toni Nieminen, ski jumper
- Janne Ahonen, ski jumper
- Mikko Ilonen, professional golfer
- Jari Litmanen, football player
- Aksu Hanttu, Drummer for the band Entwine
- Ilona Jokinen, soprano opera singer
- Jukka-Pekka Saraste, conductor and violinist
- Eija-Riitta Korhola, politician
- Jimi Tenor, musician
- Timo Väänänen, musician, member of the band Loituma
- See also: Category:People from Lahti
International relations[link]
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland
Twin towns — sister cities[link]
Lahti is twinned with:
Västerås, Sweden (since 1940)
Akureyri, Iceland (since 1947)
Randers, Denmark (since 1947)
Ålesund, Norway (since 1947)
Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine (since 1953)
Pécs, Hungary (since 1956)
Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (since 1987)- Suhl, Germany (since 1988)
Kaluga, Russia (since 1994)
Narva, Estonia (since 1994, partnership agreement)
Deyang, China (since 2000)
Most, Czech Republic
References[link]
- ^ "Area by municipality as of 1 January 2011" (in Finnish and Swedish) (PDF). Land Survey of Finland. http://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/default/files/pinta-alat_2011_kunnannimenmukaan.xls. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Population by municipality as of 31 January 2012" (in Finnish and Swedish). Population Information System. Population Register Center of Finland. http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=5919&site=3&id=0. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=060_vaerak_tau_107_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+kielen+mukaan+sek%E4+ulkomaan+kansalaisten+m%E4%E4r%E4+ja+maa%2Dpinta%2Dala+alueittain++1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
- ^ "Population according to age and gender by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=050_vaerak_tau_104_fi&ti=V%E4est%F6+i%E4n+%281%2Dv%2E%29+ja+sukupuolen+mukaan+alueittain+1980+%2D+2008&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
- ^ "List of municipal and parish tax rates in 2011". Tax Administration of Finland. 29 November 2010. http://www.vero.fi/nc/doc/download.asp?id=7996;193801. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lahti |
- 1952 Summer Olympics official report. pp. 62-3.
- City of Lahti – Official website
- Lahti Guide – information for visitors to Lahti
- Lahti travel guide from Wikitravel
- Lahti travel
- Lahti video - documentary about city of Lahti
Maps
Media
- Etelä-Suomen Sanomat – local newspaper in Finnish (translates as South Finland News)
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| Tarja Turunen | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Tarja Soile Susanna Turunen |
| Born | (1977-08-17) August 17, 1977 (age 34) Kitee, Finland |
| Genres | Symphonic rock, symphonic metal, classical, classical crossover, Lied, gothic metal; Operatic metal |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, composer, Kammersängerin |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1996–present |
| Labels | Universal, Spinefarm, Nuclear Blast, Roadrunner, NEMS Enterprises, Drakkar Entertainment |
| Associated acts | Nightwish, Beto Vázquez Infinity, Noche Escandinava |
| Website | TarjaTurunen.com |
Tarja Soile Susanna Turunen Cabuli (born August 17, 1977) is a Finnish singer-songwriter and composer. She is a full lyric soprano and has a vocal range of three octaves.[1]
Turunen studied singing at Sibelius Academy and Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe. She is well known as a professional classical lied singer but best known as the former lead vocalist of the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, which she founded with Tuomas Holopainen and Erno Vuorinen in 1996. Their combination of hard and fast guitar riffs with Turunen's classical lead vocals quickly achieved critical and commercial popularity. Their symphonic metal style, soon dubbed "opera metal", inspired many other metal bands and singers.
Turunen was dismissed from the band on October 21, 2005 for personal reasons. She started her solo career in 2006 with the release of a Christmas album called Henkäys Ikuisuudesta. In 2007, Turunen released My Winter Storm, an album featuring various styles, including alternative rock and symphonic metal and started the Storm World Tour. Turunen released her third album, What Lies Beneath, in 2010. She performed several concerts in Europe, playing in metal festivals including the Graspop Metal Meeting and the Wacken Open Air, before starting the What Lies Beneath World Tour, scheduled to last until April 2012.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
1977–1995: Early life[link]
Tarja Turunen was born in the small village of Puhos, near Kitee, Finland. She has an older brother, Timo, and a younger brother, Toni. Her mother Marjatta Turunen worked in the town administration, and her father Teuvo Turunen is a carpenter. Her talent for music was first noted when she sang the song "Enkeli taivaan" (the Finnish version of "From Heaven Above to Earth I Come") in the Kitee church hall at age three.[2] She joined the church choir and started taking vocal lessons. At age six, she started playing piano.[2]
At comprehensive school, Turunen performed as a singer for several projects. Her first piano teacher Kirsti Nortia-Holopainen remembered that "Tarja was in a school that had some very musical people. Even then she got to perform a lot. I think she sang in every school function there was."[2] Her music teacher, Plamen Dimov, later explained that "If you gave Tarja just one note, she immediately got it. With the others, you'd have to practice three, four, five times".[3] At school she had a tough time, since some girls bullied her because they envied her voice.[2] To solve that problem, Dimov organized projects outside school. At fifteen, Turunen had her first major appearance as a soloist at a church concert in front of a thousand listeners.[2] In 1993 she attended the Senior Secondary School of Art and Music in Savonlinna.[4]
For several years Turunen performed various songs including soul music by Whitney Houston and Aretha Franklin.[5] Later she listened to songs from the classical crossover singer Sarah Brightman, especially the song "The Phantom of the Opera", and decided to focus on that genre of music.[3] At eighteen, she moved to Kuopio to study at the Sibelius Academy.[6]
1996–2005: With Nightwish[link]
In December 1996, former classmate Tuomas Holopainen invited Turunen to join his new acoustic mood music project. She immediately agreed. At the recording session for the first demo Holopainen discovered that due to her classical singing lessons, Turunen's voice had become much more powerful than he recalled from their school days. At the following band practices, Emppu Vuorinen used an electric guitar instead of an acoustic guitar because he felt that it gave a better accompaniment to her voice.[7] Holopainen later explained that the band members had gradually realised that Turunen's voice had become too dramatic for acoustic mood music, they came to the conclusion that the music had to be massive too. Hence Holopainen decided to form Nightwish as a metal band.[8]
Nightwish recorded a second demo with "more bombastic, dramatic" songs in September 1997. Holopainen used this material to convince the Finnish label Spinefarm Records to publish the band's debut album, Angels Fall First.[9] The success of the first album came as a surprise to the label.[10] As the album hit the top 40 of the Finnish charts,[11] Nightwish started their tour The First Tour of the Angels.[12] That same year, Turunen performed at the Savonlinna Opera Festival for the first time, singing songs from Richard Wagner and Verdi.[13]
Due to her commitment to the band, Turunen was not able to concentrate sufficiently on her schoolwork and interrupted her academic studies.[14] In 1998, Nightwish published their second album, Oceanborn. This album lacked the earlier elements of folk and ambient music, and instead focused on fast, melodic keyboard and guitar lines and Turunen's dramatic voice.[15] In addition to the Oceanborn Europe Tour (1999), Turunen sang solo in Waltari's rock-themed ballet Evankeliumi (also known as Evangelicum) in several sold-out performances at the Finnish National Opera.[16] In 2000 and 2001, Nightwish recorded Wishmaster and Over the Hills and Far Away and toured Europe and South America (the Wishmaster World Tour).[17] During the Wishmaster World Tour, Turunen met the Argentine Marcelo Cabuli[18] whom she married in 2003.
Turunen enrolled in 2000 at the German music university Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe to gain a professional qualification as a soloist with further specialization in art song. In addition to the good reputation of the university, Turunen chose to go to Karlsruhe because some people at the Finnish university did not take her seriously as a classical singer due to her commitment in a metal band.[19][20] While there, she recorded vocals for Nightwish's 2002 album Century Child and for Beto Vázquez Infinity. As with the other albums, Holopainen wrote the pieces and sent Turunen the lyrics and a demo recording of the prerecorded instrumental tracks by mail. Using the demo, Turunen designed her vocal lines and the choral passages.[20]
In 2002, Turunen toured South America, performing in the classical Lied concert Noche Escandinava (Scandinavian Night) to sold-out houses. Following this and an exhausting world tour in support of Century Child (the World Tour of the Century), Nightwish took a hiatus and Turunen returned to Karlsruhe to finish her studies. After the hiatus Nightwish recorded the album Once; it was released on May 10, 2004.[21] The album has sold platinum in Finland and Germany and was the best selling album in all of Europe in July 2004.[22] The band performed in the supporting Once Upon a Tour throughout 2004 and 2005.
For Christmas 2004, Turunen released her first solo single, titled "Yhden Enkelin Unelma" (One Angel's Dream), which sold gold in her native country of Finland. At Christmas 2005 it made a reentry at position one in the Finnish Charts.[23] In spring 2005 she prepared the duet "Leaving You for Me", a collaboration with Martin Kesici, accompanied by a video.[24]
2005: Breakup[link]
The first change in the line up of Nightwish was in September 2001, when bassist Sami Vänskä was fired because Holopainen was no longer able to continue working with him.[25] In the following years the relationship between Holopainen and Turunen's husband and manager Marcelo Cabuli deteriorated. This had an impact on the relationship between Holopainen and Turunen as well. At a band meeting after the concert in Oberhausen in December 2004 Turunen announced to the band members that she wanted to leave the band, but agreed to record one more album and to participate in the subsequent tour, planned for 2006/2007.[26] According to her husband, Turunen had further agreed not to make her decision public and to release her first solo album after the new studio album from Nightwish.[27] After the last concert of the Once Upon a Tour on October 21, 2005 (which was released on video as End of an Era), Holopainen gave Turunen a letter signed by himself and the other band members informing her that the band did not want to work with her any more. The open letter was simultaneously published on the band's website.[28] The media closely covered her very public separation from Nightwish, and due to references in the letter to diva-like behaviour and to greed, even Turunen's character became the subject of media discussions.[29]
To you, unfortunately, business, money, and things that have nothing to do with those emotions have become much more important.—Tuomas Holopainen in the open letter[28]
Turunen responded through an open letter on her website and through some interviews in which she explained her view. She was upset that after nine years of working together, Holopainen had announced the separation via an open letter.[29] Because of the continuing media interest, Marcelo Cabuli posted a message addressing the situation on the website in February 2006. He asked that anyone who had questions should email him. In June 2006, Cabuli posted a lengthy reply to many of the questions he had received. He answered questions related to the greed accusation by explaining that the band had agreed on the distribution of earnings in a contract at the formation of Nightwish. Based on that contract, every band member got a fixed share of 20% of the band's income.[30] Marcelo Cabuli stated that, unlike others, Turunen had never fought for additional songwriter royalties.
For sure in her case, money is not coming first in her book of life. [...] If we would check which band member earns a lot more money than any other one in the band, you should be surprised.—Marcelo Cabuli[31]
Despite the circumstances of the separation, Holopainen's appreciation of Turunen as an artist remained. He explained that he did not search for a similarly trained singer as a successor for Turunen because he considers her to be extraordinarily good in her genre and therefore irreplaceable.[32] Turunen said in an interview that she is very proud of her career with Nightwish. She considers the remaining band members extremely talented and wishes all the best for them and their subsequent lead singer Anette Olzon.[33][34]
Between 1997 and 2005 she had toured the world with Nightwish, playing on all the continents except Africa and Antarctica.[35] She performed live for more than 500,000 people.[36]
2005–present: Independent career[link]
At the end of 2005, Turunen performed several classical concerts in Finland, Germany, Spain, and Romania.[37] Since she expected to participate in another Nightwish album, several concerts and the release of her Christmas album Henkäys Ikuisuudesta (Finnish for "breath of eternity") were the only activities scheduled for 2006.[38] Turunen again played at the Savonlinna Opera Festival in July 2006, this time as the main act; she sang alongside Finnish tenor Raimo Sirkiä, supported by the Kuopio Symphonic Orchestra. Turunen performed classical arias like "O mio babbino caro" by Puccini, "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" by Verdi and some songs from Andrew Lloyd Webber—"Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "Phantom of the Opera"—among other songs.[39][40] In November she performed at the charity concert “Tomorrow's Child” with the Tapiola Choir as a benefit for the UNICEF Children's Fund. On December 6, 2006, Turunen performed a big concert at the Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland; it was broadcast live by the Finnish channel YLE TV2 for 450,000 viewers.[37] She was nominated for the Finnish Emma Award as Best Soloist of 2006.[41] The following year, Turunen recorded vocals for the track "In The Picture" on the Nuclear Blast All-stars album Into the Light.
In August 2006 she started to work on her next solo album, My Winter Storm, the beginning of her main solo project. It was the first time that Turunen had written songs. She was supported by some professional songwriters. The choir and orchestral arrangements were written by film music composer James Dooley.[42] Turunen released My Winter Storm, an album featuring various styles, including symphonic metal with classical “operatic” lead vocals, in November 2007. The album took the number one spot on the Finnish charts,[43] and went platinum in Finland[44] double platinum in Russia and gold in Germany.[45][46]
She was nominated for an Echo as best newcomer[47] and an Emma for best Finnish artist.[48] On November 25, 2007, Turunen embarked on the Storm World Tour to promote My Winter Storm. She performed 95 concerts throughout Europe, North and South America and ended the tour in October 2009 at the O2 Academy Islington in London.[37] In December 2008, the EP The Seer was released in the UK and the new extended edition of My Winter Storm released on January 2, 2009.
She also contributed three songs to the Finnish charity Christmas album Maailman kauneimmat joululaulut (Finnish for "The World's Most Beautiful Christmas Songs") released on November 18, 2009. In December 2009 she recorded her vocal part for the song "The Good Die Young", a duet with Klaus Meine which is included on the final Scorpions album Sting in the Tail.[49]
Turunen recorded her third album, What Lies Beneath, in 2009 and 2010; it was released on September 1, 2010. The album combined metal with classical “operatic” elements in an out of the box approach.[50] She started the What Lies Beneath World Tour performing in several festivals, including the Wacken Open Air and the Graspop Metal Meeting, with special concerts at Miskolc Opera Festival and at the Masters of Rock, when she performed accompanied by a full orchestra. The tour is scheduled to last until April 2012. Also in 2010 she supported Alice Cooper on the German leg of his Theatre of Death Tour.[51] On July 17, 2011, she sang again at the Savonlinna Opera Festival along with José Cura and accompanied by the Kuopio Symphony Orchestra.[52]
On February 27, 2012 during her What Lies Beneath World Tour concert in Brussels, Turunen announced that she will be working on a new album after completing the tour. During the concert she already presented 2 new songs.
Singing style[link]
Development[link]
Along with visiting the music school in Savonlinna, Turunen began serious classical vocal training at 17.[4] After school, she began studying music (with a specialization in church music) at the Sibelius Academy.[6] Due to her commitment with Nightwish, she had to interrupt her academic studies.
From 2001 to 2003 she studied at the music academy Hochschule für Musik Karlsruhe, where she trained as a soloist with further specialization in art song.[53] Turunen originally applied to train as a choir singer. At the audition she attracted the attention of professor Mitsuko Shirai, who encouraged Turunen to apply for soloist training.[53]
As a classical singer, Turunen sings with classical vocal technique. She explained that in the early days of Nightwish, it was difficult to combine classical technique with the metal sound in a way that gave her liberty of action without damaging her vocal cords.[54] Classical techniques helped her to play with her voice, so she decided not to pursue extra training in rock/pop singing.[54]
Towards the turn of the millennium, the combination of hard and fast guitar riffs with classical female lead vocals attracted a great deal of attention in the metal scene. The new music style of Nightwish quickly achieved critical and commercial popularity;[55][56][57][29] this symphonic metal style was soon dubbed "opera metal".[29] Turunen does not see herself as an opera singer. She has sung excerpts from operas at the Savonlinna Opera Festival, but she stresses that singing opera cannot be performed as a side project. She would need special training to perfectly sing an entire opera without a microphone.[58]
When asked how the association between the opera and metal genres may have arisen, Turunen said that despite the obvious differences, the two music styles have some similarities:
The scenes are very similar. There are many people who would never go to an opera and the same goes for metal. But the real fans are incredibly loyal. And both styles are bombastic and express strong emotions.—Tarja Turunen, Metal Hammer interview, July 2002
From the first Nightwish album Angels Fall First (1997) on, critics described Turunen's vocals using adjectives such as angelic or valkyrian.[55][59] The Valkyrie image was later fostered by the second video for the single "Sleeping Sun" in which Turunen walks on a battlefield as if she were guiding the dead warriors.[60]
On the following albums the singing was technically more complex. On the Nightwish album Oceanborn (1998), her classical vocal training was much more noticeable. For the song "Passion and the Opera", Turunen performed a staccato coloratura reminiscent of the aria "Hell's vengeance boils in my heart", sung by the soprano role Queen of the Night in Mozart's opera The Magic Flute.[56] "Sleeping Sun" required a well trained breathing technique. Turunen explained in an interview that when they recorded Oceanborn, she had serious doubts, fearing that she was not yet advanced enough in her studies to have mastered the required techniques.[61][62]
A challenge of a different kind was the cover version of Gary Moore's "Over the Hills and Far Away" (2001), as it required a deeper voice, far below the vocal range of an average soprano. In an interview with Breakout magazine, she reported that in the studio, the band members were shaken by a paroxysm of laughter as she tried to warm up for the vocal lines.[63] As a side benefit of her efforts, Turunen gradually expanded her vocal range considerably into the lower range, which manifested even more on the following albums.
For the album Century Child (2002), she experimented with a more "rock" sounding voice, where she maintained the classical singing technique, but, for example, sang with less vibrato. Turunen was not satisifed that she had successfully transitioned to this new style until the album Once (2004).[64]
I feel very comfortable with Once because I have tried to change my singing style with Nightwish already since Century Child because Tuomas requested that, the songs requested that ... It has been hard work and I didn’t manage to do that on Century Child, I was not very happy with it. On Once it’s all very natural, how I’m singing and what I’m singing. But as I said, it has been really hard work because I’ve been a classical singer for the last ten years so it was hard to start over again and think of different styles. Of course I’m always singing with my classical techniques, I never sing with my poor speaking voice – I cannot do that anymore.—Tarja Turunen, Metal Temple interview, October 2004[64]
This deeper "rock"-sounding voice on Once—as well as on the song "In the Picture" of the album Into the Light—was welcomed by critics as a refreshing change.[65][66]
Her first solo album My Winter Storm (2007) contains rock and metal songs as well as songs that resemble classical songs. Turunen uses both her classical singing voice and a rock-sounding voice. In many songs she starts with a rock voice, and then switches for widely arching melodies into a distinctly classical singing voice.[67]
Tarja's classically trained voice flies bravely over orchestral sounds and brute guitars. Like a phoenix from the ashes [...] she lifts up again and again for widely arching melodies, sometimes spurred on by multi-voiced woman choirs.—Frank Rauscher, Teleschau – der Mediendienst, review of My Winter Storm[67]
In an interview, she explained that My Winter Storm was the first album where she had the chance to use her full vocal range.[68]
Now that I can use the whole range of my voice, it feels very nice. I have never sung so low as I did on one of the songs on the new record and there's a song on which I sang my highest notes ever! I really have used a huge range on this album – around three octaves – because the moods are changing in every song and this reflects that.
Register[link]
Turunen's voice type is soprano (more precisely, (full) lyric soprano). Over the course of her career, Turunen has developed a vocal range of three octaves.[1] Therefore she is also capable of reaching the mezzo-soprano, contralto and even coloratura soprano register.
This is apparent on her album My Winter Storm, where the lowest note sung is F3 in the song "The Seer", while in another song, she sang up to D6.[69]
I sang a repertoire of a mezzo-soprano for many years and because of that, still today, I have rarely quite low register for a lyrical soprano. Nowadays, I see myself as a light lyrical soprano.—Tarja Turunen – blog entry from March 1, 2009[58]
Reception[link]
Turunen's voice is described by critics as remarkably powerful and emotional.[70][71][72] Sometimes it is stated that her voice is too trained or operatic for metal music, but even critics who do not like classical voices admit that her voice suits the kind of metal songs she sings unusually well.[55][56]
Until the end of their collaboration, Turunen's singing was a trademark of Nightwish.[65] She was known as the face and voice of Nightwish[73] while bandleader Holopainen was the soul. Turunen was seen as a key to Nightwish's success.[74] She is respected by other musicians of the metal genre and is an influence on their work; for instance, Simone Simons names her as her inspiration to study classical music and apply that vocal style to a metal band.[75]
Turunen receives most of her media attention in her homeland of Finland. In December 2003, she was invited by Finnish president Tarja Halonen to celebrate the Finnish Independence Day at the Presidential Palace together with other Finnish celebrities.[18] The event is televised annually live by the state-owned broadcaster, the Finnish Broadcasting Company.[36] In December 2007, she performed different versions of the Finnish national anthem "Maamme" (Finnish: "Our country") accompanied by the Tapiola Sinfonietta, to celebrate the 90th anniversary of Finnish independence. The concert was televised by the Finnish Broadcasting Company for 2 million Finnish viewers.[36] During her solo career, Turunen has sold over 86,000 certified records in Finland, which places her among the top 50 of best-selling female soloists.[76]
In Europe, her popularity is mainly limited to the hard rock and metal scene. She had a broader exposure on November 30, 2007, when she was invited to open the farewell fight of Regina Halmich. Her performance of "I Walk Alone" was televised live by the German television station ZDF for 8.8 million viewers.[77][78]
Discography[link]
Main article: Tarja Turunen discography
Solo career[link]
- Henkäys Ikuisuudesta (2006)
- My Winter Storm (2007)
- What Lies Beneath (2010)
- TBA (2013)
Singles[link]
- You Would Have Loved This (2006)
- I Walk Alone (2007)
- Die Alive (2008)
- Enough (2009)
- Falling Awake (2010)
- I Feel Immortal (2010)
- Until My Last Breath (2010)
- Underneath (2011)
Eps[link]
- Yhden Enkelin Unelma (2004)
- The Seer (2008)
Side Projects[link]
- Tarja Turunen & Harus - In Concert - Live at Sibelius Hall (2011)
- Cameo role on Yhtä Kyytiä - Mad Rush (Partners in Crime) Movie (2011)
- TBA (2012)
With Nightwish[link]
- Angels Fall First (1997)
- Oceanborn (1998)
- Wishmaster (2000)
- Over the Hills and Far Away EP (2001)
- Century Child (2002)
- Once (2004)
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Classic Rock Magazine, August 2009, p. 92
- ^ a b c d e Ollila 2007, p. 41.
- ^ a b Ollila 2007, p. 42.
- ^ a b Ollila 2007, p. 43.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 42, 43.
- ^ a b Ollila 2007, p. 44.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 45, 46.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 54.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 52, 53.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 52.
- ^ "Nightwish- Angels Fall First (album)". Hung Medien. http://finnishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Nightwish&titel=Angels+Fall+First&cat=a. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 59.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 65.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 69.
- ^ "Oceanborn- Nightwish". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/oceanborn-r429983. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 104.
- ^ "Nightwish". Spinefarm Records. http://www.spinefarm.fi/showband.php?id=1. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "Tarja Turunen: Asado con cuero" (in Spanish). RollingStone Argentina. October 14, 2010. http://www.rollingstone.com.ar/1314927. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 115.
- ^ a b Metal Hammer, July 2002, p. 21
- ^ ""Once"- Nightwish". Roadrunner Records. http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/newreleases/release.aspx?releaseID=122. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 233.
- ^ "Tarja- Yhden Enkelin Unelma (song)". Hung Medien. http://www.finnishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Tarja&titel=Yhden+enkelin+unelma&cat=s. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Martin Kesici with Tarja Turunen- Leaving You for Me (song)". Hung Medien. http://www.finnishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Martin+Kesici+with+Tarja+Turunen&titel=Leaving+You+For+Me&cat=s. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Sonic Seducer: Starfacts Nightwish, Thomas Vogel Musikzeitschriftenverlag, June 15, 2004, ISBN 978-3-940065-01-8, p. 49
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 253.
- ^ "Dear Fans of Nightwish and Tarja (answer number 145 and 147)". Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703211904/http://www.tarjaturunen.com/fans.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "Open letter to Tarja". Nightwish's Official Website. October 22, 2005. http://www.nightwish.com/en/article/6. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Nightwish sack female vocalist after lengthy world tour". Helsingin Sanomat. October 24, 2005. http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Nightwish+sack+female+vocalist+after+lengthy+world+tour/1101981387494. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 250.
- ^ "Dear Fans of Nightwish and Tarja (answer number 120 and 122)". Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070703211904/http://www.tarjaturunen.com/fans.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Nightwish – Tuomas Holopainen". Metal-Rules.com. November 6, 2007. http://www.metal-rules.com/zine/content/view/1128/0/. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Interview with Tarja Turunen" (in German). Sounds2move.de. http://www.sounds2move.de/Interviews/tarjaturunen_interview_2007.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Interview with Tarja Turunen" (in Swiss). Hung Medien. http://swisscharts.com/interview.asp?id=139. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Live Archives: All past shows". Nightwish's Official Website. http://www.nightwish.com/en/live/archive. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Tarja Turunen Biography". Metal From Finland. http://www.metalfromfinland.com/Tarja+Turunen. Retrieved April 23, 2011. , stored at webcitation.org
- ^ a b c "Past Events". Tarja's Official Website. http://www.tarjaturunen.com/past_events/pop_past_events.php?Id=en. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "The power of Metal, Rock and Gothic" (in German). POWERMETAL.de. http://powermetal.de/content/artikel/show-TARJA_TURUNEN__Interview_mit_Tarja,5811.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Summer festivals draw record audiences in Finland". Helsingin Sanomat. http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Summer+festivals+draw+record+audiences+in+Finland/1135221450304. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 302.
- ^ "Emma-ehdokkaat 2006" (in Finnish). Iltalehti. January 18, 2007. http://www.iltalehti.fi/viihde/200701185612669_vi.shtml. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Interview mit Tarja Turunen zu "My Winter Storm"" (in German). Metal.de. September 24, 2007. http://www.metal.de/gothic-darkwave/interview/tarja/36650-interview-mit-tarja-turunen-zu-my-winter-storm/. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ "Extended search: Tarja". Hung Medien. http://finnishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=a&search=tarja. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Statistics: Tarja Turunen" (in Finnish). IFPI Finland. http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/artistit/tarja+turunen. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Tarja Turunen: Gold für alte, Namen für neue Band" (in German). Metal Hammer. http://www.metal-hammer.de/news/meldungen/article112683/Tarja-Turunen-Gold-fuer-alte-Name-fuer-neue-Band.html. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/#topSearch. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Echo-Verleihung 2008" (in German). Bild. Januaray 31, 2008. http://www.bild.de/entertainment/musik/echo/moderatoren-stehen-fest-3572486.bild.html. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Emma-ehdokkaat 2007" (in Finnish). Iltalehti. January 18, 2007. http://www.iltalehti.fi/popstars/200801157098049_ps.shtml. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Scorpions Interview". The Gauntlet. January 27, 2010. http://www.thegauntlet.com/interview/3831/573/Scorpions.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Tarja - What Lies Beneath". Reflections of Darkness. 2010-09-17. http://reflectionsofdarkness.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8218&Itemid=44. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
- ^ "Alice Cooper + Tarja Turunen + Eisbrecher live" (in german). Metal Hammer. April 1, 2011. http://www.metal-hammer.de/news/meldungen/article87278/Alice-Cooper-Tarja-Turunen-Eisbrecher-live.html. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
- ^ "Savonlinna Opera Festival ends July 27, 2011". Savonlinna Opera Festival Office. July 28, 2011. http://www.oopperajuhlat.fi/In_English/Front_page/mainmenu/Media/Press_releases_2011.iw3?showlocation=2ca466e1-96d4-4b0d-8d14-9206530ead90&newsID=68b8821b-a811-4aa4-bb7d-f1b81d78dd8f. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
- ^ a b Metal Hammer, July 2004, p. 14
- ^ a b Terrorizer, 126, December 2004
- ^ a b c "Nightwish- Angels Fall First" (in German). Baby Blaue. September 24, 2002. http://www.babyblaue-seiten.de/album_1942.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b c Della Ciopa 2010, p. 77.
- ^ Cope 2010, p. 142.
- ^ a b "Fans questions". Official Website for My Winter Storm. March 1, 2009. http://www.mywinterstorm.com/blog/fans-questions/. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "CD review- Angels Fall First" (in German). Metal.de. July 23, 2006. http://www.metal.de/index.php?option=com_articles&view=article&id=6508. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Nohr & Schwaab 2011, p. 257
- ^ „Mystic Art“-Magazin, 10-11/2000
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 77.
- ^ Breakout Magazine, 5/2001, p. 6-8
- ^ a b "Interview with Tarja Turunen from Nightwish". Metal Temple. October 5, 2004. http://www.metal-temple.com/site/catalogues/entry/musicians/tarja_turunen.htm?keep_has_js=1&keep_session=1770859. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "Review: Nightwish- Once" (in German). Whiskey-soda.de. October 5, 2004. http://www.whiskey-soda.de/review.php?id=6424. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "NuclearBlast Allstars: Into the Light" (in German). LAUT AG. June 1, 2007. http://www.laut.de/Nuclear-Blast-Allstars/Into-The-Light-%28Album%29. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "CD Critic- My Winter Storm by Tarja" (in German). Musik Kritiken. November 19, 2007. http://www.monstersandcritics.de/artikel/200746/article_40697.php. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ a b "Tarja: I have no regrets". Bauer Consumer Media. September 14, 2007. http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2007/09/tarja_i_have_no_regrets.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Recording techniques". Official Website for My Winter Storm. July 27, 2007. http://www.mywinterstorm.com/blog/recording-techniques/. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Review: Nightwish – Oceanborn". Michel Renaud / The Metal Crypt. March 19, 2003. http://www.metalcrypt.com/pages/review.php?revid=784. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Nightwish – Oceanborn". Metal Storm. September 18, 2003. http://www.metalstorm.net/bands/album.php?album_id=229&band_id=1&bandname=Nightwish. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Nightwish – Wishmaster" (in German). Vampster.com. May 27, 2000. http://www.vampster.com/artikel/show/?id=1388. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ollila 2007, p. 15.
- ^ "CD Review: Nightwish- Century Child" (in German). Emagin!. July 19, 2002. http://www.planetheavymetal.de/article346.html. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Members- Biography: Simone Simons". Epica's Official Website. April 12, 2006. http://www.epica.nl/?page=band&show=members&sub=1. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ "Tarja Turunen" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/artistit/tarja+turunen. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ^ "TV-Rekord: 8,8 Millionen sehen Halmich-Abschied" (in German). Musik Kritiken. December 1, 2007. http://www.monstersandcritics.de/artikel/200748/article_43958.php/TV-Rekord-8-8-Millionen-sehen-Halmich-Abschied. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
- ^ "Tarja Turunen singt für Regina Halmich" (in German). Whiskey-soda.de. November 11, 2007. http://www.whiskey-soda.de/news.php?id=18794. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
80.^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1949611/fullcredits#cast 81. ^ http://www.metalfromfinland.com/news/2009-07-20_16:34/tarja_turunen_posts_new_blog_terve
References[link]
- Ollila, Mape (2007). Once Upon a Nightwish. The Official Biography 1996–2006.. Deggael Communications Ltd.. ISBN 978-952-99749-2-4
- Della Ciopa, Gianni (2010), Heavy Metal: I Contemporanei, Giunti editore S.p.A., ISBN 978-88-09-76634-1
- Cope, Andrew L. (2010), Black Sabbath and the rise of Heavy Metal Music, Ashgate Publishing Limited, ISBN 978-0-7546-6881-7
- Nohr, Rolf F.; Schwaab, Herbert (2011), Metal Matter, Lit Verlag, ISBN 978-3-643-11086-2
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tarja Turunen |
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Tarja's Official Website
- Tarja Turunen on Myspace
- Tarja Turunen, Interview: "Music Has Been My Driving Force" October 28, 2011
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Turunen Cabuli, Tarja Soile Susanna |
| Alternative names | Tarja Turunen |
| Short description | Finnish opera/symphonic rock singer |
| Date of birth | August 17, 1977 |
| Place of birth | Kitee, Finland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tarja_Turunen
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://cs.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://es.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://ru.wn.com/Турунен, Тарья
http://nl.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://pt.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://pl.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://fr.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
http://de.wn.com/Tarja Turunen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarja_Turunen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Sungha Jung | |
|---|---|
| File:Sungha jung.jpg | |
| Born | 정성하 (1996-09-02) September 2, 1996 (age 15) Cheongju, South Korea |
| Nationality | South Korean |
| Other names | colloquially: Sungha Jung, jwcfree, jungsungha, blueseaJSH |
| Years active | September 8, 2001–present |
| Known for | Guitar music |
| Website | |
| Official website | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 정성하 |
| Hanja | 鄭成河 |
| Revised Romanization | Jeong Seongha |
| McCune–Reischauer | Jŏng Sŏngha |
Seongha Jeong (정성하) (colloquially: Sungha Jung) (born 2 September 1996) is a South Korean professional acoustic finger-style guitarist who has risen to fame on YouTube and other sites. As of 2012, his channel had over 17 million views, with his videos getting a total of over 454 million views, and also over 726,000 subscribers.[1]
Seongha typically takes three days to learn and practice a new piece, and video-record it for upload onto YouTube.[2] His genre selection is rather broad, as he learns and plays many pieces that are playable on guitar, therefore consequently spread across numerous genres.
Seongha has won 13 awards on YouTube, including 6 "#1" awards. Also on YouTube, Seongha has 523 videos with over one million views. Seongha's video with the most views is the one which shows him playing the theme from "Pirates Of The Caribbean".
In 2010, he was featured on Narsha's solo album "Narsha" for the song "I'm in Love" Seongha has composed 18 pieces as of February 2011, two of which are featured in his debut album, "Perfect Blue". He released his second album, "Irony", on 21 September 2011.
In 2011, he performed in the US with Trace Bundy, as well as touring in Scandinavia and Japan.[1]
See also[link]
- Yuto Miyazawa, Seongha's Japanese electric guitar-playing counterpart
- Trace Bundy, Fellow acoustic guitarist with whom Seongha collaborates
- Ulli Bögershausen, Fellow acoustic guitarist who helped him get his sponsorship with Lakewood Guitars
References[link]
- ^ a b Yoon, Ja-young (28 February 2011). "How YouTube impacts lives of ordinary people". The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2011/02/123_82225.html. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ "Sungha Jung – Guitar Prodigy". Guitar Today. http://guitar.today.com/2009/01/26/sungha-jung-guitar-prodigy/. Retrieved 2009-11-13. [dead link]
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sungha, Jung |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Guitarist |
| Date of birth | September 2, 1996 |
| Place of birth | Seoul, Korea |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sungha_Jung
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Чон Сонха
http://pt.wn.com/Sungha Jung
http://de.wn.com/Sungha Jung
http://it.wn.com/Sungha Jung
http://pl.wn.com/Sungha Jung
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungha_Jung
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
