Epifanio De los Santos Avenue
Circumferential Road 4 P. Lovina Avenue F. Rein Street Highway 54 19 de Junio
Route information
Maintained by Metro Manila Development Authority Department of Public Works and Highways (Philippines)
Length:	23.8 km[1] (14.8 mi) includes extension
Existed:	1940 (1940) – present
Major junctions
Beltway around Manila
South end:	SM Mall of Asia Rotunda in Pasay
	President Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard in Bay City (Metro Manila), Pasay City President Manuel Roxas Boulevard in Baclaran, Pasay City Howard Taft Avenue in Baclaran, Pasay City South Luzon Expressway in Magallanes, Makati City Antonio S. Arnaiz Avenue in Dasmarinas Village, Makati City Zobel Cia Ayala Avenue and Nichols-McKinley Road in Ayala Center, Makati City Senator Gil Puyat Avenue/Nicolas Buendia Avenue Ayala Center, Makati City 32nd Street and Kalayaan Avenue in Rockwell Center, Makati City J.P. Rizal and Pasig River Expressway in Guadalupe, Makati City Boni Avenue and Pioneer Avenue in Pioneer, Mandaluyong City William Shaw Boulevard in Crossing, Mandaluyong Donya Julia Vargas Avenue in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City Don Paco Ortigas Avenue in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City Santolan Road and Colonel Bonny Serrano Avenue in Santolan, Quezon City General Pedro Tuazon Boulevard in Araneta Center, Quezon City Donya Aurora Quezon Boulevard in Cubao, Quezon City Kamias and Kamuning Avenue in Cubao, Quezon City East Avenue and Timog Avenue, Triangle Park, Quezon City Manuel Luis Quezon Avenue in Triangle Park, Quezon City Mindanao Avenue in Triangle Park, Quezon City North Avenue and West Avenue in Triangle Park, Quezon City Roosevelt Avenue and Congressional Avenue in Munoz, Quezon City North Luzon Expressway, Elpidio Quirino Highway and Andres Bonifacio Avenue in Balintawak, Quezon City
North end:	Monumento Roundabout in Caloocan City
Location
Major cities:	Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, Pasay
Highway system
Major roads of the Philippines

Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, commonly abbreviated as EDSA, formerly known as Highway 54, F. Rein and P. Lovina, is the longest and most important avenue in Metro Manila in the Philippines. EDSA stretches some 23.8 kilometres (14.8 mi) as it connects and provides access to the cities of Caloocan, Quezon City, Mandaluyong, San Juan, Makati, Pasig, Taguig, Paranaque and Pasay. The 22.9 kilometres (14.2 mi) portion of EDSA is designated as a part of the Circumferential Road 4. The Avenue is also the most important commuting artery between the most important industrial centers in the Philippines, the Triangle Park in Quezon Avenue, the Araneta Center in Aurora Boulevard and P. Tuazon Boulevard, the Eastwood City in Colonel Bonny Serrano Avenue, the Greenhills Shopping Center in Connecticut Street, the Ortigas Center in Ortigas Avenue, the Pioneer Center in the Pioneer Street, the Rockwell Center in Kalayaan Avenue, the Ayala Center and Bonifacio Global City in Ayala Avenue and the Pasay Reclamation Area. Being the most important highway in the Metropolis, EDSA handles 316,345 cars per section on average every day,^[2] and An average of 2.34 million vehicles go through EDSA every day.^[3] EDSA is a partially controlled access Road. EDSA consists mostly 10-lanes, 5 for both direction, although it sometimes widens to 12-14 lanes and sometimes narrows to 2-8 lanes. The central lanes (represented by white markers) are reserved for private vehicles, and one is for Motorcycles (represented with blue markers), and the two outer lanes (represented by Yellow markers) are reserved for buses, jeepneys and HOV traffic. Road signs and Directions are placed on the MRT Stations and in the Centre island.

History[link]

Construction of what was then called the "North-South Circumferential Road" started in the 1930s, during the term of President Manuel L. Quezon, with construction being led by Engineers Florencio Moreno and Osmundo Monsod.^[4] The road, starting at the North Diversion Road (today the North Luzon Expressway) and ending at the current Magallanes Interchange with the South Luzon Expressway, was finished in 1940, shortly before World War II and the subsequent Japanese occupation of the Philippines. After the independence of the Philippines in 1946, the road was renamed Avenida 19 de Junio, after the birthdate of José Rizal.

In the 1950s, the avenue was renamed Highway 54. However, there had been several disputes on what the deserved name of the avenue should be. Rizalists wanted the avenue's name to be kept as 19 de Junio, while President Ramon Magsaysay wanted the avenue be named after Rizal. Rizal residents, however, wanted the avenue to be named after a Rizaleño, historian, jurist and scholar Epifanio de los Santos. The Philippine Historical Committee (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines), the Philippine Historical Association, the Philippine Library Association Association of University and College Professors, the Philippine China Cultural Association, and the Philippine National Historical Society, led by fellow Rizaleños Eulogio Rodriguez and Juan Sumulong, supported the renaming of Highway 54 to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue. On April 7, 1959, de los Santos' birthday, Republic Ave No. 2140 was passed, renaming the avenue to honor him.^[5]

Rapid urbanization in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly during the annexation of several Rizal towns to the newly-formed region of Metro Manila, marked the growth of industrial centers along the road, and several other roads were constructed to connect to the avenue, such as Ayala Avenue in Makati City.

During the tenure of President Ferdinand Marcos, traffic jams in the avenue started to build up. Several interchanges were constructed to relieve congestion, including the Balintawak and Magallanes Interchanges at the ends of the avenue. Later, with the creation of the Metro Manila Arterial Road System, the Circumferential Road 4 system was creating, extending EDSA to Taft Avenue from the South Luzon Expressway (called F. Rein Avenue), and further to Roxas Boulevard (called P. Lovina Avenue). EDSA was also extended from its original Balintawak terminus to Apolonio Samson Road at the site of the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City, completing the Circumferential Road 4 system.

In 1986, Epifanio de los Santos Avenue gained worldwide attention as the site of the peaceful revolution that toppled President Marcos, the People Power Revolution. After People Power, the avenue had been commonly known as EDSA, and the southern extensions were merged into the avenue. In 1995, the Manila Metro Rail Transit System began construction, being built over EDSA from North Avenue to Taft Avenue during the presidency of Joseph Estrada.

The Avenue again became the site of the EDSA Revolution of 2001 that toppled President Estrada, and Vice-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was declared President on January 20, 2001, was inaugurated at the EDSA Shrine. In 2006, the avenue was further extended from Roxas Boulevard to the SM Mall of Asia, where it now ends at the Mall of Asia Globe. EDSA later on became the site of the funeral procession of President Corazon Aquino, who died in 2009.

In 2010, the Yellow Line of the Manila Light Rail Transit System was extended from Monumento to Roosevelt, ultimately transversing EDSA to end at the site of the current North Avenue MRT Station.

In 2011, Bohol Representative Rene Lopez Relampagos filed House Bill (HB) No. 5422, proposing to rename Epifanio de los Santos Avenue as "Corazon Aquino Avenue". The proposal is currently pending in the House of Representatives before the House Committee on Public Works and Highways. According to Relampagos, the idea to rename EDSA after Aquino was conceptualized in the aftermath of her death.

Route[link]

EDSA's location within Metro Manila The cities it passes through are indicated in orange

EDSA forms the majority of the Circumferential Road 4 System, forming a semicircle around the City of Manila. The Avenue have many interchanges along its path, however, most interchanges along EDSA were incomplete, and that is why traffic lights are placed underneath flyovers and over underpasses, letting swerving and weaving cause traffic unto the avenue.

EDSA starts from the Bonifacio Monument (Monumento) in Grace Park, Caloocan City, wherein it will continue straight eastwards, entering Quezon City through the Balintawak District, after intersecting with te North Luzon Expressway at the Balintawak Interchange. It will cross the Northern parts of Quezon City, passing through the Project 6 and Munoz Districts. It will sharply curve southwards after crossing the North Avenue-West Avenue Intersection in the Triangle Park Business Park. It will continue its route southwards, but slightly turns westwards slowly. It will then enter Mandaluyong City, crossing through the borders of the Ortigas Center. It will then curve smoothly westwards after it crosses the Pioneer Street, and will cross the Pasig River through the Guadalupe Bridge. It will enter the Makati City after crossing the Pasig River, passing through the districts of Guadalupe, Comembo and Magallanes in Makati.

Being the most important artery of the metropolis, EDSA handles a significant volume of the traffic that flows through the cities of Metro Manila. An average of 2.34 million vehicles go through EDSA every day.^[3]

The lead agency that manages the flow of traffic along EDSA is the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), an agency that is under the Office of the President and is advised by the Metro Manila Mayors League. One of the MMDA's traffic management schemes that is in effect on EDSA, among other major thoroughfares, is the Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Program. Many people observe that the cause of traffic jams on EDSA are erring bus and jeepney drivers especially as a multitude of the public utility vehicles they drive are unlicensed or "colorum". Subsequently, buses have been the target of other traffic management programs, like the MMDA's Organized Bus Route Program.^[6][7]

Notable Landmarks[link]

Underneath The EDSA-SLEX Interchange

Industrial Centers[link]

• Araneta Center is a small industrial center in Cubao.
• Eastwood City is an industrial center in Libis, which can be access from EDSA by the Col. Bonny Serrano Avenue.
• Triangle Park is the group of malls near Quezon Avenue.
• Greenhills Shopping Center is an important shopping center in San Juan.
• Rockwell Center is a major business park in Makati.
• Ortigas Center is an important business park in Mandaluyong.
• Ayala Center is the most important business park in Makati.
• Fort Bonifacio or Bonifacio Global City is a main business park in Taguig.
• Bay City (Metro Manila) is the reclamated area in Pasay.

Malls[link]

• SM City North EDSA
• TriNoma
• Eton Centris/Centris Walk
• SM Cubao
• Robinsons Galleria
• SM Megamall
• Starmall
• Forum Robinsons (Robinson's Pioneer)
• Greenbelt
• Glorietta
• SM Mall of Asia

Other Landmarks[link]

• People Power Monument
• EDSA Shrine

Exits and major intersections[link]

EDSA usually consists of 12-lanes, 6 for each direction, wherein each lane has a fix destination. Swerving and Weaving have been prohibited in EDSA, but buses usually swerve,causing many traffic jams and accidents along the avenue. This is the list of the Major intersections, flyovers, underpasses and exits along EDSA. There are no exit number or toll gates along EDSA, as it is not an expressway.

Intersections[link]

The Globe Rotunda, the southern end of EDSA.

North EDSA. The North Avenue Junction, SM City North EDSA and Trinoma can be seen from a distance.

This is a list of the intersections of EDSA, where in the roads indicated by bold are major intersections and are further discussed in the table below.

The Globe Rotunda, the southern end of EDSA

Major Junctions[link]

This is the list of major junctions, major exits, flyovers, underpasses and interchanges along EDSA.

Intersection Image	Kilometre post	Exit/Intersection	Exit Location	Route description and remarks
	35	Bonifacio Monument Roundabout(EDSA-Monumento)	Grace Park, Caloocan City	The Bonifacio Monument, where the Samson Road (Western) (C-4), EDSA (Eastern) MacArthur Highway (Northern) and Rizal Avenue (Southern) (R-9) meet in a counter clockwise roundabout around the tall monument of Andres Bonifacio which is the marker of the 1896 Philippine Revolution together with the Katipunan headed by Andres Bonifacio. It is the North terminus of EDSA. The Apolonio Samson Road goes to Malabon City and Navotas City. The Rizal Avenue goes to Manila and to the Manila City Hall and the MacArthur Highway goes to the Provinces in the North and Central Luzon and meets with the Pan-Philippine Highway when it reach Santa Rita, Bulacan. The Monumento LRT Station terminal of LRT 1 is located at the corner of the avenue and Rizal Avenue Extension.
	33	North Luzon Expressway NB/ A. Bonifacio SB (EDSA-Cloverleaf)	Balintawak, Quezon City	This is a Cloverleaf interchange with the Radial Road 8. Staying on the central lanes leads to a flyover that lets you stay on EDSA. Staying on the SB first bus lane leads to A. Bonifacio Avenue SB and staying on the SB second bus lane leads to NB A. Bonifacio and NLEX. Staying on the NB first bus lane leads to NB NLEX and staying on the second bus lane leads to SB NLEX and A. Bonifacio Avenue. A. Bonifacio goes to Quiapo and Divisoria in Manila. Balintawak station of LRT 1 is located nearby.
		Quirino Highway Service Road NB (EDSA-Cloverleaf)		Main article: North Luzon Expressway Is the only access to Quirino Highway from EDSA. Vehicles from EDSA that went to NLEX can access this road by taking the service road. They can also access the highway by the Mindanao Avenue Exit in NLEX. There is no access from Quirino Highway to EDSA. EDSA can be accessed from Quirino Highway by taking the southern Mindanao Avenue.
200px	31	Congressional Avenue NB/Roosevelt Avenue SB Intersection (EDSA-Muñoz)	Munoz, Quezon City	The Congressional Avenue is going to Tandang Sora and C-5 and the Roosevelt Avenue is going to Quezon Avenue. SB can access Congressional Avenue by a U-Turn Slot and Roosevelt Avenue can be accessed from NB by also a U-turn slot. The access between Congressional Avenue and Roosevelt Avenue also relies on the U-turn slots along EDSA. Roosevelt Avenue station of LRT 1 is located near the intersection.
	29	North Avenue NB and West Avenue SB Intersection (EDSA-SM North)	Triangle Park, Quezon City	The Eastside is going to Veterans Memorial Medical Center, SM City North EDSA and the Elliptical Road, and the Southside is going to Quezon Avenue.North Avenue station of MRT 3 and the proposed North Avenue/Grand Central Terminal is located nearby.
	28	Mindanao Avenue Junction NB (EDSA-Trinoma)		U-Turn Slots provides access to this road and the access from this road to EDSA. The Avenue goes to the Trinoma Malls, C-5 Road, Quirino Highway and NLEX
	27	Quezon Avenue Intersection Flyover (EDSA-Espana)		Quezon Avenue have a 4 lane underpass under EDSA and EDSA have a 6-lane flyover over Quezon Avenue. The normal grade level have two wide U-turn slots, letting the vehicles underneath to access the desired direction. The Northeastside is going to Fairview and the Southwestside is going to Manila. Quezon Avenue MRT Station station of MRT 3 is located nearby.
	26	Panay Avenue Junction SB (EDSA-MRT Highway Delta)		Panay Avenue is an alternate route to Manila and Quezon Avenue
	25	Kamuning Flyovers		Is a 6 lane flyover that goes over East Avenue and Kamuning Road. East Avenue and Timog Avenue travellers can access the SB flyover by a ramp, but there is no access to Kamuning and Kamias road from the Flyover. This flyover is seen on TV Stations ABS-CBN and GMA Network for live traffic updates because ABS-CBN Broadcast Center and GMA Network Center located near the flyover.
	25	East Avenue NB/Timog Avenue SB Intersection		Turning Right and U-turning can access the desired directions on both the roads. There is no access to East Avenue from the NB Kamuning Flyover. East Avenue goes to the Quezon Memorial Circle and Timog Avenue goes to Quezon Avenue.
	24	Kamuning SB/Kamias NB Intersection	Cubao, Quezon City	The Northeastside is going to Circumferential Road 5 and the Southwestside is going to the South Triangle Area. The Kamuning MRT Station is located near this intersection.
	20	Aurora Boulevard Intersection Underpass(EDSA-Cubao)		This is an underpass located 200 Meters from the Kamuning Road. Keeping left stays on EDSA and keeping right takes you to Aurora Boulevard, wherein westside is going to Araneta Center, C-5 Road, Marikina City and Rizal Province and the eastside is going to San Juan City and Sta. Mesa, Manila. The Araneta Center-Cubao MRT Station is located over EDSA shortly after the underpass and the Araneta Center-Cubao LRT Station is located nearby. The Eulogio Rodriguez Sr. Boulevard (which merges from eastern Aurora Boulevard shortly after crossing EDSA) can only be accessed by going to Aurora Boulevard.
	19	P.Tuazon Intersection Underpass(EDSA-Araneta Center)		This underpass is located 200 Meters from Aurora Boulevard. The east side goes to Cubao, Araneta Center and C-5 and the west side goes to the N.Domingo Street.
	18	Santolan Road SB/Col. Bonny Serrano Avenue NB(EDSA-Santolan)		This flyover is located 200 Meters from the Tuazon Underpass. Bonny Serrano Avenue is going to the Eastwood City, Marikina City before becoming a part of the Circumferential Road 5 and the Santolan Road is going to the New Manila District. The Santolan MRT Station, the Camp Rafael Crame and the Camp Aguinaldo is located near this intersection.
	17	Connecticut Street junction SB(EDSA-Annapolis)	Greenhills, San Juan	This road goes to the Annapolis Business District. Only SB have access to it, but NB can access it by taking the Ortigas Avenue.
	17	White Plains Avenue Junction Northbound - People Power Monument(EDSA-Corinthian)		This exit can only be access by NB, and SB can access it by taking Col. Bonny Serrano Avenue. White Plains Avenue goes to C-5
	15	Ortigas Avenue Intersection Flyovers (EDSA-Shrine)	Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong City	This is a 4-level partial Stack Interchange between Ortigas Avenue and EDSA. A separate ramp from SB EDSA turns left, leading to the Ortigas Center and Pasig City, another ramp from NB EDSA turns right to San Juan City and the Greenhills Shopping Center. The Westside is going to San Juan and Greenhills Shopping Center and the Eastside is going to Pasig City and Cainta, Rizal. The POEA, Ortigas MRT Station and the EDSA Shrine are located near this intersection.
	13	Doña Julia Vargas Ave. Intersection(EDSA-Megamall)		This exit on the northbound side provides access to Donya Julia Vargas Avenue, SM Megamall, Ortigas CBD and the Circumferential Road 5. There is no access from SB EDSA or from the Shaw Boulevard underpass (which merges with EDSA just a short distance to the north) to this intersection. SB can access this road by taking Shaw Boulevard.
	10	Shaw Boulevard Intersection Underpass(EDSA-Crossing)		There is an underpass under Shaw Boulevard at the intersection for those willing to stay on EDSA. Otherwise, keeping right will take you to Shaw Boulevard. A 4-lane flyover over EDSA and MRT Shaw Boulevard are located over this intersection. WB Shaw Boulevard takes you to Manila. EB takes you to Ortigas CBD, Pasig City, Circumferential Road 5 and the province of Rizal.
	9	Boni Avenue SB/Pioneer Street NB(EDSA-Pioneer)	Pioneer Center, Mandaluyong	Only right turns are allowed at this intersection with Boni Avenue, although Boni Avenue does have a two-lane underpass under EDSA. WB Boni Avenue heads to Mandaluyong City Center and Manila. EB Boni Avenue (Becomes Pioneer Avenue shortly after leaving EDSA) is an alternative route to Ortigas CBD. Boni MRT Station and Robinson's Pioneer are located here.
	8	Guadalupe Bridge Parclo(EDSA-Guadalupe)	Guadalupe, Makati	This parclo interchange with J.P. Rizal Street near the after the crossing the Pasig River at the Guadalupe Bridge provides access to the Guadalupe district. MRT Guadalupe is located here and crosses the Pasig River.
	7	Richmond Flyovers(EDSA-Estrella)		From EDSA, Estrella Street can be accessed using a flyover from the northbound lanes, and by an exit from the southbound lanes. There is no access to NB EDSA from Estrella Street. Estrella Street provides access to Richmond/Guadalupe and Mandaluyong City.
	6	WB Kalayaan Flyover from 32nd Street		At 32nd street near the border of Taguig and Makati City, 32nd Street splits into two. Keeping right takes you to Kalayaan Avenue and EDSA, while keeping left takes you to the Kalayaan Flyover main lanes, Gil Puyat Ave., and Makati City.
	6	WB Kalayaan Flyover from Kalayaan Avenue		The Kalayaan flyover from Kalayaan Avenue is a little different. Just before the 32nd Avenue intersection, there is an exit ramp that takes you to the Kalayaan Flyover main lanes, Buendia, and Makati City. Keeping straight on Kalayaan Avenue provides access to EDSA. Just before EDSA, Kalayaan Avenue splits into two. Keeping left takes you onto a separate flyover that provides access to SB EDSA towards Ninoy Aquino International Airport, SM Mall of Asia and Cavite province. Keeping right takes you to NB EDSA towards Richmond/Guadalupe, Ortigas CBD, Cubao, NLEX and Monumento.
	6	Senator Gil Puyat Avenue Junction SB(EDSA-Buendia)		Gil Puyat Avenue (Buendia) can be accessed by turning right from SB EDSA by keeping left, while access from NB EDSA can be obtained either by using a U-turn slot or via Ayala Avenue. There is no access to the Kalayaan flyover from EDSA.
	6	EB Buendia-Kalayaan Flyover		Buendia will have a 6-lane flyover leading to Kalayaan Avenue. Buendia-Kalayaan Flyover splits into two at the beginning of the Kalayaan Flyover. Keeping right takes you to SB EDSA towards Ninoy Aquino International Airport, SM Mall of Asia and Cavite province, while keeping left takes you to the Kalayaan flyover main lanes. Just a short way from the beginning, there is an exit which you can take to access NB EDSA towards Richmond/Guadalupe, Ortigas CBD, Cubao, NLEX and Monumento. About midway through the flyover, there is an exit that can take you to the main lanes of Kalayaan Avenue towards Pateros, while keeping straight takes you to 32nd Street and Taguig Global City.
	5	Makati Underpass SB	Ayala Center	Keeping left takes you to Ayala Avenue and Pasay Road, whilw keeping right stays you on EDSA. The McKinley Road can be accessed by using Ayala Avenue.
	5	Makati Underpass NB		This is a 3-lane underpass from the SB underneath the Pasay Road and Ayala Avenue. However, unlike the SB, Ayala Avenue can be access from the underpass, wherein the underpass splits into two here. Keeping left will take you straight on EDSA and to Ayala Avenue, in which the central lane can access that road, while keeping right, Arnaiz/Pasay Road and the McKinley Road can be accessed.
200px	5	Ayala Avenue SB/McKinley Road NB(EDSA-Ayala)		Keeping right in SB provide access to both these roads, while keeping at the rightmost lane from the Makati Underpass NB can access Ayala Avenue, while McKinley Road can be accessed by keeping left away from the Underpass. A Flyover from Ayala Avenue leads to NB EDSA. The Ayala MRT Station is located in the Underpass. Ayala Avenue goes to the Ayala Center and the McKinley Road goes to the Bonifacio Global City and the C-5 Road.
	5	Antonio S. Arnaiz Avenue (Pasay Road) SB(EDSA-Livertad)		This exit is a signalized junction with the Pasay Road, which can take into the Makati CBD and Roxas Boulevard. There is no access to this road from the Underpass.
200px	4	Magallanes Interchange(EDSA-Skyway)	Magallanes, Makati City	This is the tallest interchange in EDSA, located about 200 Meters from the Arnaiz Avenue from SB and 200 Meter from Evangelista Street NB. SB and NB EDSA will slowly split into 2. Staying Right leads to SLEX and SM Mall of Asia and keeping left leads to Pasong Tamo in SB, while staying right in NB leads to SLEX and staying left stays you on EDSA.
		Pasong Tamo Intersection(EDSA-Chino Roces)		Pasong Tamo runs underneath the Magallanes Interchange. SB can access the road by staying on the rightmost lane. NB can access the road by a U-turn slot and staying on the SB rightmost lane. Pasong Tamo travellers can access NB EDSA by turning right beside the Magallanes Interchange and U-Turn slots can be used to access SB EDSA. Pasong Tamo NB goes to the Magallanes Factories and SB goes to the Dasmarinas Village.
		South Luzon Expressway Intersection Turbine Interchange (EDSA-Osmena)		The 3 of the 4 SB lanes will split of from EDSA after crossing Pasong Tamo. Keeping Right takes you to both the either direction in SLEX, while on NB, 2 lanes lead to SB SLEX only. There is no access to NB SLEX from NB EDSA except from U-Turning to Southbound EDSA. NB SLEX goes to Manila and SB SLEX goes to Laguna, Cavite and Batangas. The Metro Manila Skyway can be accessed from EDSA by a ramp from SB SLEX. The Magallanes MRT Station is located near this intersection.
	3	Aurora Boulevard Flyover (EDSA-Tramo)	San Roque, Pasay City	This Aurora Boulevard is diffrent from the Aurora Boulevard in Cubao. Because of the MRT Tracks, there is no access to SB EDSA from NB Aurora Boulevard, but there is a flyover from SB EDSA that provides access to SB Aurora Boulevard. Aurora Boulevard provides access to NAIA Terminal 3, NAIA domestic terminal, and is another route to SLEX and the Skyway.
	2	Taft Avenue Intersection(MRT-LRT Rotunda)	Baclaran, Pasay City	This is a limited access intersection with Taft Avenue, which used to be a rotunda, then signalized, before the stoplights are removed recently because of the Traffic jams it caused. Northbound Taft Avenue takes you to Manila, South takes you to Baclaran. MRT Taft Avenue and LRT EDSA are located near this intersection. The MRT-3 ends in this intersection.
	2	F.B. Harrison/Quirino Avenue(P.Lovina-Pasay)		This intersection with F.B. Harrison/Quirino Avenue has also been reconfigured so that going straight and turning right are your only choices. There are however plenty of nearby U-turn ramps. Southbound is another route to the Cavite Province and provides access to NAIA Domestic terminal and NAIA Terminal 3. Access from SB EDSA to SB Quirino Avenue can be obtained using Taft Avenue. Northbound takes you to Manila.
	1	Roxas Boulevard Intersection		This exit at Roxas Boulevard was originally a fully signalized 4-lane intersection with a 4-lane flyover from Roxas Boulevard overhead, but due to the traffic jams it caused has been reconfigured with traffic cones and plastic highway barriers so as to allow you to go straight or turn right from EDSA. For NB EDSA travellers, exiting right takes you to Ninoy Aquino International Airport and Cavite, while Macapagal Boulevard can be used to access to NB Roxas Boulevard. And for SB EDSA travellers, exiting right takes you to Manila while Taft Avenue, Quirino Avenue, Airport Road and Macapagal Boulevard can be used to access SB Roxas Boulevard to Cavite.
	1	Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard Intersection(EDSA-MOA)	Reclamation Area, Pasay City	This exit is a signalized intersection at Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard. There is also a stoplight in this intersection. Southbound takes you to Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Asia World City, the Manila-Cavite Expressway and Cavite. Northbound takes you to Star City Amusement Park and Pasay.
	0	Mall of Asia Roundabout(Globe Rotunda)		A roundabout at the SM Mall of Asia marks the end of EDSA. Turning either direction on J.W. Diokno Boulevard provides access to the Mall of Asia.

Future Developments[link]

EDSA, particularly in Cubao, Kamuning, Santolan and Munoz, is very prone to heavy traffics. That is why it is planned by the DPWH to complete all the interchanges in EDSA and create full Grade Separations along all its intersections with the Radial Roads it crosses, the Quezon Avenue, Aurora Boulevard, Shaw Boulevard, Kalayaan Avenue, Taft Avenue and Roxas Boulevard. The Magallanes Interchange also had been planned to be completed to allow NB EDSA to access NB SLEX. Creating a flyover over the North Avenue-West Avenue Intersection and Mindanao Avenue and a Flyover over Congressional and Roosevelt Avenue are already approved, and may start construction in 2013.^[8] The MRT-3, (which currently ends in Taft Avenue) is also being planned to be extended to the SM Mall of Asia. Due to rebranding issues, they are officially planning to make a new name to rebrand EDSA as Cory Aquino Avenue In honor of the former President Corazon Aquino, Bohol Representative Rene Lopez Relampagos filed House Bill (HB) 5422. The proposal is currently pending in the House of Representatives before the House Committee on Public Works and Highways, but the bill is still pending. the planning of the future name of EDSA is conceptualized in pre-late 2009 few weeks or months after the death of Cory Aquino.

List of notable incidents and accidents along EDSA[link]

This section requires expansion.

See also[link]

• Metro Manila
• Major roads in Metro Manila
• MacArthur Highway
• Quirino Highway
• South Luzon Expressway
• North Luzon Expressway
• C-3 Road
• C-5 Road

References[link]

Epifanio de los Santos y Cristobal
Born	(1871-04-07)April 7, 1871 Malabon, Philippines
Died	April 18, 1928(1928-04-18) (aged 57) Manila (in office)
Other names	Don Pañong, G. Solon (pen name), Señor de los Santos, ED or EDS (acronym)
Alma mater	University of Santo Tomas Ateneo Municipal de Manila
Occupation	Writer, researcher, lawyer, politician, public servant
Known for	The First Filipino Academician,[1][2] Great among the Great Filipino Scholars,[3][4][5] A Man of Many Talents[6][7][8]

Epifanio de los Santos y Cristóbal, sometimes known as Don Pañong or Don Panyong (April 7, 1871—April 18, 1928) was a noted Filipino historian,^[9][10] literary critic,^[11][12] art critic,^[11] jurist,^[13] prosecutor, antiquarian,^[9][11] archivist,^[14] scholar,^[13][11] painter,^[9][12] poet,^[12][15] musician,^[9][12] musicologist,^[16][17][18] philosopher,^[9] philologist,^[9][11] bibliographer,^[9] translator,^[19] journalist,^[12] editor,^[11] publisher,^[20][11][12] paleographer,^[9] ethnographer, biographer,^[12] researcher,^[12] civil servant, patriot and hero. He was appointed Director of the Philippine Library and Museum by Governor General Leonard Wood in 1925.

Early life and marriage[link]

Epifanio de lo Santos was born in 1871 in Malabon, Rizal (now an independent city) to Escolastico de los Santos of Nueva Ecija and musician Antonina Cristóbal of Malabon. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he obtained a summa cum laude' of Bachelor of Arts degree. He devoted some time for painting but music became part of his daily life and was even awarded a professorship in music.^[11] He finished his law studies in University of Santo Tomas and topped the bar exams in 1898.^[21] Rafael Palma (1930) noticed that during his college years his collecting instinct was early manifested when he curiously dedicated himself gathering plants and flowers in the Nueva Ecija wherein he also sought the company and even communed with the rural communities.^[22] According to Agoncillo, "nobody suspected that he would someday become a literary man". As a young law student, his fascination in the study of Spanish literature was through readings of Juan Valera's novel entitled "Pepita Jimenez" and most of all his available works.^[23] Eventually, he formed a delightful and lasting friendship with this author which he met in Spain.^[20][22] His home in Intramuros became the meeting place of literary cliques composed of Cecilio Apóstol (Catulo), Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Fulvio Gil), José Palma, Rafael Palma, Jaime C. De Veyra, Macario Pineda, Mariano V. del Rosario, Salvador V. del Rosario, Ysidro Paredes, Macario Adriatico, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Jose G. Abreu.^[23] He made a beautiful oil portrait of her wife Margarita Torralba and composed a melody dedicated for her.^[12]

Epifanio's first wife was Doña Ursula Paez of Malabon; his second was Margarita Torralba of Malolos. Jose, his son to his first wife, became a historian, biographer, and collector. His brother, Escolastico, became a pianist for silent films and has made artistic contributions as a poet and a realist story teller in Philippine magazines and newspapers. Socrates, his son from second wife, became a leading Pentagon aeronautics engineer in his time.

He got two lines of descendants with four children on his first wife Ursula Paez namely Jose, Rosario, Escolastico and Antonio and eight children on his second wife Margarita Torralba namely Leticia, Fernando, Socrates, Federico, Hipatia Patria, Espacia Lydia, Glicera Ruth & Margarita.

Literary and Scholarly works[link]

Epifanio was considered one of the best Filipino writers in Spanish of his time and regarded as a literary genius.^[24][11] When he was young, he was the first Filipino to become a member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Language, Spanish Royal Academy of Literature and Spanish Royal Academy of History in Madrid.^[20][23] It was the admiration of his writings that Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo asked the Real Academia Española to open its door to the benevolent young native scholar.

Epifanio was a young associate editor of the revolutionary paper "La Independencia"(1898), writing in prose under the pen name G. Solon and also a member of the Malolos Congress. He also co-founded other newspapers like La Libertad, El Renaciemento, La Democracia, La Patria and Malaysia. He also made valuable publications namely; Algo de Prosa (1909), Literatura Tagala (1911), El Teatro Tagala (1911) Nuestra Literatura (1913), El Proceso del Dr. José Rizal (1914), Folklore Musical de Filipinas (1920). He also authored Filipinos y filipinistas (Filipinos and Filipinists), Filipinas para los Filipinos, Cuentos y paisajes Filipinos (Philippine Stories and Scenes) and Criminality in the Philippines (1903–1908).

He was a member of "Samahan ng mga Mananagalog" which was initiated by Felipe Calderon in 1904, and it includes active members with the likes of Lope K. Santos, Rosa Sevilla, Hermenigildo Cruz, Jaime C. De Veyra and Patricio Mariano.^[25] He was a polyglot, being fluent in Spanish, English, French, German, Ita, Tingian, and Ibalao. He notably translated Florante and Laura classically into sonorous Castilian.^[12] As one of the brilliant writers in the Golden Age of Fil-Hispanic literature who had published numerous titles and books, he was an honorary member of the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española.^[26]

As a versatile researcher, he also contributed to early Philippine studies on anthropology, ethnology, archaeology, linguistics and demographics.^[27][28]

Collections[link]

Epifanio de los Santos traveled to many places in Europe, Asia, and Americas searching for rare Philippine documents in museums, archives, and libraries. He collected almost 200 paintings and sculpted pieces done by Juan Luna, Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, Fabian de la Rosa, Arellano, Pablo Amorsolo and Fernando Amorsolo, Nepomuceno, and Guillermo Tolentino, musical literatures, opera records, valuable printed materials, documents and manuscripts on the revolution and historical pictures. According to Zaide, his famous Filipiniana collection was rated by foreign scholars as the best in the world. In Europe, he was recognized as the philologist and writer of biographical matters about the Philippines.

According to Zaide, there are documents and printed matter in his collection that cannot be found elsewhere, not even in the Filipiniana Division of The National Library nor in any library the world over, the Library of Congress of the United States included. The best years of his life were spent in looking for them only to find them after an almost "wild goose chase" of a lifetime. His Rizaliana collections were greatly acknowledged by W. E. Retana, James A. Le-Roy, and Austin Craig.

In all, there are 115 printed matter and 213 documents in the collection dealing with Philippine revolution

After de los Santos's death, the Philippine legislature, by virtue of the Philippine Clarin Act, negotiated with the widow and heirs of the great collector for the purchase of the collection and library. The Philippine government bought the priceless collections for P 19,250.00.^[29]

Public Service[link]

He was appointed district attorney of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. He was later elected as governor of Nueva Ecija in 1902 and 1904.^[9] His election victory made him the first democratically elected provincial governor and head of the Federal Party in Nueva Ecija. Being a member of the Philippine Commission, he was immediately considered as one of those Filipino intellectuals to represent the Saint Louis World's Fair in 1904. After his term as the governor, he was appointed provincial fiscal of Bulacan and Bataan provinces. He wrote a treatise on electoral fraud "Electoral Fraud and its Remedies" (Fraudes Electorales y Sus Remedios) in 1907 for the Philippine Assembly. On the side, he devoted his spare time to researches in Philippine history and literature. Portions of his collections where destroyed when fires hit his house in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. According Agoncillo and Palma, his interest lies not in politics. In 1918, he was appointed by Gov. Gen. Francis Burton Harrison as Assistant Technical Director of the Philippine Census.^[9]

The last and most significant position De los Santos held was Director of the Philippine Library and Museum, to which was appointed by Gov. Gen. Leonard Wood in 1925. He was also elected as third President of the Philippine Library Association ( now Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.) becoming the first Filipino of native parentage to assume such position professionally for Philippine library science.^[9]

Death and legacy[link]

He died in office on April 18, 1928. The Philippine government paid him a tribute to a stately funeral. Local and foreign scholars lamented to a loss to what has been described by them as "Great among the Great Filipino Scholars."

Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (commonly known as EDSA), the main road through Metro Manila, was named after him.^[10] Several schools, streets, a college, a hospital, a printing press and an auditorium in National Library of the Philippines was also named in his honor.

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art. Vol IX. Philippine Literature. Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1994
• Agoncillo, Teodoro A. 2002 ed. The revolt of the masses- the story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan. University of the Philippines Press. E. de los Santos St., UP Campus, Diliman, Quezon City.
• Epifanio de los Santos (Great among the great Filipino scholars). 1982. Printed by Merriam School & Office. Supplies Corporation, Manila.
• The Delos Santos family descendants memorabilia, historical pictures and clippings.
• Philippine Free Press. Manila. April 28, 1928.
• The Manila Tribune. April 19, 1928
• National Historical Institute (NHI). 1990. Filipinos in history. Vol. II. Manila.
• Bacallan, Joyce. 1988. Hero of the month- Epifanio delos Santos- a great Filipino academician. The youngster. p. 7.
• Bernardo, Fernando A. 2000. Silent storms: inspiring lives of 101 great Filipinos. Anvil Publishing, Inc. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-971-27-0929-6
• Bantug, Jose P. Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal. pp. 215–223.
• Baylon, Gloria J. EDSA: Country's Avenue of History. The Philippine Post Nation: Leading to the Next Millennium. Feb. 23, 1998.
• Buencamino, Felipe; De los Santos, Epifanio. Census of the Philippine Islands: taken under the direction of Philippine legislature in the year 1918. A Government Publication. Manila: Bureau Printing. (1921?)
• Carson, Taylor; De los Santos, Epifanio. 1927. History of the Philippine Press. Manila. 61 pp.
• Cayco, Librado D. ( 1934) Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal. Manila. National Heroes Day. University of the Philippines.
• Churchill, Bernadette R. Epifanio de los Santos, pioneer historian. In History & Culture, Language & Literature: Selected Essays of Teodoro A. Agoncillo. pp. 239–245.
• Cullinane, Michael. 2003. Illustrado politics: Filipino elite responses to American rule, 1989-1908. Ateneo de Manila University.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1909. Algo de prosa. Madrid Fortanet. 70 pp.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1909. Cinco notas al Capitulo octavo de los "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" del Dr. Antonio de Morga (en su nueva edición de W.E. Retana). Madrid Fortanet. 24 pp.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1909. Literatura tagala : Conferencia leída en el Liceo de Manila ante el "Samahan ng mananagálog". Madrid Fortanet.25 pp.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1911. Informe acerca de una obra sobre los orígenes de la imprenta filipina. Madrid Imprenta de Fortanet. 52 pp.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1913. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera. Cultura Filipina 4 (1): 1-49.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1913. Ignacio Villamor: El funcionario y el hombre. Cultura Filipina 4 (3): 351-359.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1915. Ignacio Villamor: El funcionario y el hombre. Cultura Filipina 5 (4): 275-294.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1916. Rafael del Pan: The Philippine Review 1 (May): 41-44.
• De los Santos, Epifanio.1957.Marcelo H. del Pilar ; Andres Bonifacio ; Emilio Jacinto. Kapisanang Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas. English and Tagalog. Translated from Spanish.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1973. The revolutionists: Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, Jacinto. Translated and edited by Teodoro A. Agoncillo. Manila: National Historical Commission.
• De los Santos, Epifanio. 1909. Epifanía Wenceslao E. Retana, ensayo crítico acerca de este ilustre filipinista. Establecimiento Tipográfico de Fortanet, Madrid.
• Dungo, Dolores T. Epifanio de los Santos. Epifanio de los Santos College, Malabon, Rizal.
• Espino, Licsi F. Jr. 1977. A Historian with style: love of learning chiseled the man. Archipelago: International Magazine of the Philippines 1:37-38. ISSN: 0303-8564
• Fermin, Jose D. 2004. 1904 World's Fair: the Filipino experience. E. de los Santos St., UP Campus, Diliman Quezon City. p. 73. ISBN 978-971-542-439-4
• Gwekoh, Sol H. Biographical Sketch: Epifanio de los Santos. Variety. p 13.
• Hardtendorp, A. V. H. Don Pañong – genius. Philippine Magazine 26 (Sept.) 210-11, 234-235.
• Hernandez, Vicente S. 1996. History of books and libraries in the Philippines 1521-1900: A study of the sources and chronology of events pertaining to Philippine library history from the sixteenth to the end of the nineteenth century. National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Manila.
• Mella, Cesar. 1974. Directory of Filipino Writers: Past and Present. Manila. CTM enterprises.
• Mojares, Resil B. 2006. Brains of the nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the production of modern knowledge. Ateneo de Manila University Press. Bellarmine Hall, Katipunan Avenue Loyola Heights, Quezon City. p. 477. ISBN 971-550-496-6
• Nieva, Gregorio, ed. 1880- Manila, P.I.: G. Nieva [etc.]. 2005. The Philippine review (Revista filipina) [Vol. 2, no. 1]. More about Jose Rizal by Epifanio de los Santos. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. p. 22.
• Palma, Rafael. 1930. Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal.(English translation by Tiburcio Tumaneng from the Spanish Original). Manila. 14 pp.
• Qurino, Carlos. 1995. Who's who in the Philippine history. Manila. Tahanan Books.
• San Juan, E. Jr. Social Consciousness and Revolt in Modern Philippine Poetry. pp. 394–399.
• Santos, Ramon Pagayon. 2007. Tunugan: four essays on Filipino Music. The University of The Philippines Press. 216 pp.
• Villareal, Hector K. et al. 1965. Eminent Filipinos. Manila: National Historical Commission.
• Zaide, Gregorio F. 1930. Epifanio de los Santos, his collection and library. The Tribune Magazine. pp. 4–5
• Zaide, Gregorio F. 1965. Epifanio de los Santos: Great among the great Filipino scholars. In Great Filipinos in history. 88: 575-581.

External links[link]

• Works by Epifanio de los Santos at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Epifanio de los Santos in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Who is EDSA?
• TOMAS L at www.geocities.com
• The North American Filipino Star - great composers and the success of the Kundiman at www.filipinostar.org
• Strangers to Us All - The World's Lawyer Poets at www.myweb.wvnet.edu
• Viva La Independencia! --> at www.pia.gov.ph
• Virtual Law Library: Epifanio de los Santos Avenue
• Epifanio Delos Santos: The historian who became part of history at http://news.google.com/newspapers
• Roles of Rizal, Bonifacio and other Heroes in the Development of the Republic of the Philippines from articles of Epifanio De Los Santos at http://www.malaya.com.ph

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2010)

Howie Severino writes, produces and hosts television documentaries, and is one of the Philippines' most awarded journalists.

Background[link]

Education[link]

Howie Severino at a very young age already had his mind set on becoming a journalist. So when he was schooling, he was part of their school paper. He studied in Ateneo de Manila High School and graduated in 1979. He then went to Boston to pursue his studies at Tufts University in Medford, Massachussettes where he graduated magna cum laude in 1983 taking up Bachelor's Degree in History.

Career[link]

During his stay in Boston, he met Ninoy Aquino-- the person who inspired him to become a serious journalist and he credits to learning many things from. He returned to the Philippines and worked as a reporter in The Manila Chronicle. During the reign of Marcos', he founded an anti-Marcos group, Mandigma! in which he actively participated in from 1984 - 1986. In 1985, he was charged with sedition and spent eight days in prison in Fort Bonifacio at the Philippine Army's main camp. He was a teacher and an activist before becoming a full time journalist in 1988.

Severino also co-founded The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism in 1989 together with other prominent journalist; Sheila Coronel nad Rigoberto Tiglao among others. In his career at PCIJ he made his mark as an environmental journalist. In 1993, he completed his masters degree in Environment, Development and Policy at Sussex University in Brighton, England. From the same year, until 1995, he helped organize an upland farmer's cooperative and environmental group on Mount Banahaw.

In 1998, Howie became one of the host of GMA 7's documentary show i-Witness together with other journalists. They tackle issues to show what really happens that many people doesn't know or choose not to know. He is also seen on Saksi at a segment called Sidetrip. He's other TV show is Sine Totoo, a program that shows behind the scenes of the reporters' work.

Severino is also an award winning journalist and gained many titles including the country's "top environmental reporter" according to the International Herald Tribune.

In 2007, he was named to the Rotary Journalism Awards' Hall of Fame^[1] after he was named Broadcast Journalist of the Year twice and Investigative Journalist of the Year twice. In October 2007, GMA Network, where Severino's TV stories and documentaries have been appearing for the past decade, released "Ten Years of Howie Severino," a DVD compilation of ten of his more notable documentaries, including Huling Hala-bira, a documentary about a family living under the railroad tracks in Pandacan, Manila. That documentary won second prize in an international broadcast competition in 2007 for stories about development sponsored by the United Nations.^[2]

Since 2009, Severino has been the Editor-in-Chief of GMA News Online, the official website of GMA News and Public Affairs.^[3]

In 2011 Severino he joined anchor in State of the Nation with Jessica Soho in GMA News TV.

Personal life[link]

He is married to his wife, Ipat Luna, a multi-awarded environmental lawyer and they have a son, Alon Roberto. His father is Ambassador Rodolfo Severino, a secretary-general of the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) from 1998 to 2002.

Filmography[link]

Television shows[link]

• The Probe Team (GMA 7)
• I-Witness (GMA 7)
• Pinoy Meets World (GMA 7) - Spain Episode
• Kandidato (GMA 7) - panalysts
• News to Go (GMA News TV) - Anchor
• State of the Nation (GMA News TV) - Co-Anchor

TV Specials[link]

• Iraq: Sa Bingit Ng Digmaan: The GMA News & Public Affairs Documentary Special (GMA 7, 2003)
• 20 Taon Ng GMA Public Affairs Documentary Special (GMA 7, 2007)
• I-Witness 10th Anniversary Special (GMA 7, 2009)
• Limang Dekada: The GMA News 50th Anniversary Documentary Special (GMA 7, 2010)

References[link]

See also[link]

• I-Witness
• GMA News & Public Affairs
• GMA Network

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2009)

Cheche Lazaro, (born Cecilia Lim in 1945 in Los Angeles, California), is an acclaimed Filipino broadcast journalist and the founding President of Probe Productions Inc.

Profile[link]

In 1966, she obtained her Bachelor of Arts degree in speech and drama at the University of the Philippines. She continued her studies at the University of Michigan and obtained her Master's degree in Radio-Television in 1968.

She has been married to a Filipino businessman named Delfin Lazaro for almost 40 years, and together they have two children (Lisa and Carlos) and a grandchild.

Career[link]

Cheche Lazaro started her career working as a reporter for ABS-CBN. Between July 1986-December 1987, she became director/manager of network's Public Affairs department. This allowed her to be appointed Team leader/Reporter for the network's coverage of President Corazon C. Aquino's visit to Singapore and Indonesia.

Lazaro soon left her position in ABS-CBN in 1988 to create her own production company, Probe Productions, with the help of fellow journalists, Luchi Cruz-Valdez and Maria Ressa. This led her to produce several documentary programs such as 5 and Up for ABC 5 (now TV5), The Probe Team, I-Witness, and Cheche Lazaro Presents for GMA Network, which eventually became her home network.

There, she was able to produce award-winning documentaries, particularly one involving the Doña Paz. The relationship with the network, however, was put to a test in 2003 when GMA-7 refused to air a Probe segment about a lifestyle check on PAGCOR Chairman Efraim Genuino. The network saw the story as a half-baked job that would unjustly ruin the subject's reputation. Lazaro saw it as censorship.

The rift was played out in media. After 16 years of good relations with GMA-7, the network pre-terminated the contract of Probe.

Despite this setback, she was able to return to the limelight when Probe began reairing on ABC in June 2004. After a year's stay, she decided to go back in 2005 to her channel of origin, ABS-CBN.

Between 1992 to 1995, Lazaro was also the chairman of the broadcast department at the University of the Philippines.

Currently, she is a member and board adviser for the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.

Lazaro as a host has obtained various awards from Philippine award-giving bodies. She has been awarded 'Best News Magazine show host' nine times by the Star Awards. The Probe Team, the first Filipino investigative news magazine for television, has won both local and international recognition. It has received 'Gawad CCP Para sa Telebisyon "10 Best TV Programs of the Philippine Television" ten times.

Then, Cheche Lazaro makes a new Program come from Probe Production, Named Probe Profiles. This program is the last Program of Cheche Lazaro and the team. In exactly July 1, 2010, Wednesday makes their last episode containing the story of President Benigno Aquino III way back from the candidacy, his struggles and the achievement of Pilipino to be President of the Philippines.

Notable awards[link]

References[link]

• CCP Continues Tradition of Recognition of Filipino Artists and Cultural Workers
• http://blog.probetv.com/2010/06/30/probe-signs-off-after-24-years-on-philippine-television/

External links[link]

• ProbeTeam Profile
• ABS-CBN Entertainment Feature - The Probe Team