Loading...
- Loading...
- Aer language
- Anga
- Anga Lipi
- Angika
- Angika language
- Apabhraṃśa
- Askunu language
- Assamese language
- Avestan language
- Awadhi language
- Azari Language
- Bactrian language
- Bagheli language
- Bagri language
- Balochi language
- Bambaiya Hindi
- Banka District
- Baroda
- Bashkardi language
- Bengali language
- Bhagalpur
- Bhagalpur District
- Bhil languages
- Bhili language
- Bhojpuri language
- Bihar
- Bihari languages
- Bokaro Steel City
- Brahmic family
- Braj Bhasha
- Bundeli
- Cambodia
- Canada
- Chakma language
- Chandigarh
- Dakhni
- Dameli
- Dardic languages
- Dari (Zoroastrian)
- Delhi
- Deoghar District
- Derawali
- Devanagari
- Dhanwar Rai language
- Dhatki language
- Dialects of Fars
- Dogri language
- Domaaki language
- Domari language
- Dramatic Prakrit
- Dumka District
- Elu
- Ethnologue
- Fiji Hindi
- Gamit language
- Garhwali
- Gawar-Bati language
- George A. Grierson
- Gilaki language
- Goaria language
- Godda District
- Gojri
- Gorani language
- Gujarati language
- Gulf Countries
- Gāndhārī language
- Hajong language
- Halbi language
- Haryanvi
- Hindi languages
- Hindko language
- Hindustani language
- Incubator Wp anp
- India
- Indo-Aryan languages
- Iranian languages
- Ishkashimi language
- ISO 639-1
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- Jain Prakrit
- Jaipuri
- Jamshedpur
- Jamtara
- Jamui District
- Jassic dialect
- Jharkhand
- Kaithi
- Kalami language
- Kalash language
- Kalto language
- Kamviri
- Kangri language
- Kannauji
- Kashmiri language
- Kata-vari
- Kayort language
- Khandeshi languages
- Kharia Thar language
- Khowar language
- Khwarezmian language
- Kohistani language
- Kolkata
- Konkani language
- Kumaoni language
- Kumzari language
- Kundan Amitabh
- Kurdish Language
- Kurmali
- Kurmanji
- Kutchi language
- Lakhisarai
- Laki language
- Language death
- Language family
- Larestani dialects
- Lez Ангика чӀал
- Lori dialects
- Ludhiana
- Magadhi Prakrit
- Magahi language
- Maharashtri
- Mahl language
- Maithili
- Maithili language
- Majhi dialect
- Majhi language
- Mal Paharia language
- Malaysia
- Maldivian language
- Malvi language
- Marathi language
- Marwari language
- Mazandarani language
- Median language
- Mewari language
- Middle Persian
- Mumbai
- Mumviri
- Munger District
- Munji language
- Musasa language
- Nahari language
- Nangalami language
- Nepal
- Nepali language
- Nuristani languages
- Old Persian language
- Oriya language
- Ormuri language
- Ossetic language
- Pahari languages
- Paisaci
- Pakur District
- Pali
- Palpa language
- Palula language
- Pamir languages
- Panchpargania
- Parachi language
- Parthian language
- Pashayi language
- Pashto language
- Persian Gulf
- Persian language
- Potwari language
- Prakrit
- Punjabi language
- Rajasthani language
- Rajbanshi language
- Rekhta
- Rohingya language
- Romani language
- Rushani language
- Sadhukaddi
- Sadri language
- Sahebganj District
- Sakan language
- Sansiboli
- Sanskrit
- Saraiki language
- Sarikoli language
- Saurashtra language
- Scythian languages
- Semnani language
- Shauraseni
- Sheikhpura
- Shina language
- Shri Umesh Jee
- Shughni language
- Shumashti language
- SIL International
- Sindhi language
- Sinhala language
- Sogdian language
- Soranî
- Southeast Asia
- Southern Kurdish
- Surajpuri
- Surat
- Sylheti language
- Tajik language
- Talysh language
- Tarai
- Tati (Iran)
- Times of India
- Torwali language
- Tregami language
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Urdu
- Ushoji
- Vajjika language
- Vasi-vari language
- Vedic Sanskrit
- Vidyabhushan Venu
- Vietnam
- Waigali language
- Wakhi language
- West Bengal
- Wikipedia
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Yaghnobi language
- Yazgulyam language
- Yidgha language
- Zazaki language
-
Banka District
Banka is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar in India.
Banka is the homeland of great revolutionary shri Satish Prasad Jha, one of seven martyrs who hoisted the flag of India at the Secretariat building near Patna on 11 August 1942. Jha was born in kharhara near Dhakamod, Banka. Sri Kirti Narain Singh and Sri Navpatrika Prasad Singh of Narayanpur were the first District congress Presidents of Bhagalpur District.Veteran reformer and freedom fighter Sri Ramni Mohan Singh from Narayanpur was the founder-president of the Banka Congress committee. To protest the prevalent custom of non-education for women, Ramni Mohan Singh offered his first child, Smt. Bindhyavasini Devi, MA Hindi (Shantiniketan) into social service; she was elected MLA from Banka (1957–1967). Banka has been an attractive destination for veteran socialists. Madhu Limaye represented the constituency two times. George Fernandis and Rajnarayan also contested the parliamentary election from this constituency. On the other side, there were number of veteran leaders in Congress party: Smt Vindhyavasini Devi, MLA ( 1957–1967),Smt. Shakuntala Devi ex M.P., ex chief minister of Bihar Chandrashekhar Singh,Sri Chaturbhuj Singh Ex. M.L.A., Ex Rajyasabha MP Kamakhya Prasad Singh, ex MP Manorama Singh, and ex MLA Jai Prakash Mishra. The Late Shri Digvijay Singh (14 November 1955 – 24 June 2010) was an Indian politician from the state of Bihar and was an independent Member of the Parliament of India, representing Banka in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. Bnka played vital role in freedom of India. Sri Sharbeswar Prasad Singh of Narayanpur is the veteran congress member of Banka District.He is on of the oldest freedom fighter of banka.He was also the congress persident of Banka for many year.
wn.com/Banka_District -
Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
wn.com/Bhagalpur -
Bhagalpur District
Bhagalpur district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India, and Bhagalpur town is the administrative headquarters of this district.
Bhagalpur district occupies an area of 2,569 square kilometres (992 sq mi),. Bhagalpur district is a part of Bhagalpur Division. The river Ganges flows through the district.
In 2006 the Indian government named Bhagalpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Pin-812001
Sub Divisions
Blocks
According to the 2011 census Bhagalpur district has a population of 3,032,226, roughly equal to the nation of Oman or the US state of Iowa. This gives it a ranking of 120th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,180 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,100 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 25.13 %. Bhagalpur has a sex ratio of 879 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.96 %.
wn.com/Bhagalpur_District -
Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] (
listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km2) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km2, which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.
wn.com/Bihar -
Bokaro Steel City
Bokaro Steel City (Hindi: बोकारो स्टील सिटी)
pronunciation (help·info), often known as City of Scholars[citation needed], is a major industrial city in the State of Jharkhand, in India. It is the district headquarters of Bokaro which is one of the most industrialized zone in India.
Bokaro Steel City is the home of the largest steel plant in Asia, and several other large, medium and small industries like Jaypee Cements, ECL, DVC, CCL, HSCL, BRL, SAIL, ONGC etc. Some big corporates are also setting up there industries here, such as - ArcelorMittal 12ml/t steel plant, Posco 3ml/t steel plant Monnet Steel 2ml/t steel plant and SAIL greenfield steel plant of 12 ml/t are coming soon around the city. In the next five Bokaro alone contribute half of the steel production of the country. Apart from steel plants a power plant of 1000 MW is also coming up.
Bokaro is the headquarters of the Bokaro district as well as Koylanchal range (Bokaro, Dhanbad and Giridih). It is also one of the three headquarters of the Police IG zone, apart from Ranchi and Dumka, covering seven districts- Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, Giridih, Koderma, Chatra, Bokaro, and Ramgarh.
wn.com/Bokaro_Steel_City -
Cambodia
Cambodia (
i/kæmˈboʊdiə/;Khmer: ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Kampuchea, IPA: [kɑmˈpuˈciə]), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total landmass of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 sq mi), it is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.
With a population of over 14.8 million, Cambodia is the 68th most populous country in the world. The official religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practiced by around 95% of the Cambodian population. The country minority groups include Vietnamese, Chinese, Chams and 30 various hill tribes. The capital and largest city is Phnom Penh; the political, economic, and cultural center of Cambodia. The kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with Norodom Sihamoni, a monarch chosen by the Royal Throne Council, as head of state. The head of government is Hun Sen, who is currently the longest serving leader in South East Asia and has ruled Cambodia for over 25 years.
wn.com/Cambodia -
Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
wn.com/Canada -
Chandigarh
Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/ is a city and union territory in India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is derived from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city. It is also referred to as The City Beautiful due to its beautiful surroundings, central grid of gardens, each dedicated to different species of flora.
The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India and is known internationally for its architecture and urban design. The city has projects designed by architects such as Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99,262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (2006–2007). The city was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based on a national government study, and the territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories according to research conducted using 2005 data by Human Development Index.
wn.com/Chandigarh -
Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
wn.com/Delhi -
Deoghar District
Deoghar district (Hindi: देवघर जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district is known for the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga shrine. This district is part of Santhal Pargana division.
The district was formed on 1 June 1986 by separating Deoghar sub-division of the erstwhile Santhal Parganas district.
Deogarh district is located in the western portion of Santhal paraganas. It is bounded by Bhagalpur district in north, Dumka in south and east and Giridhi in west. The district extends from 24 0 03’ and 23 0 38’ N latitude and 86 0 28’ and 87 0 04’ E longitude and comprises 2481 km2 area. It has population 11,65,390 persons (Census of India, 2001).
The district contains several clusters of rocky hills covered with forest, but series of long ridges with intervening depressions. Most of the rolling uplands are cultivated by highland crops. The average elevation of the district is 247 m above msl, However hill ranges like Phuljari (750 m), Teror (670 m) and Degaria (575 m) break the monotony of the landscape. The general slope of the district is from north west to south east. Geologically the district is mainly covered by chhotanagpur granite gneiss of Archean age with paches of alluvium, sandstone and shale of Gondawana formations. Important rivers flowing in the district are the Ajay, the Paltro etc. These rivers gather a large number of tributaries which form the land scape full of Tanrs and Dons.
wn.com/Deoghar_District -
Dumka District
Dumka district (Hindi: दुमका जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Dumka is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district covers an area of 3716.02 km². This district has a population of 1,106,521 (2001 Census).
In 2006 the Indian government named Dumka one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
The district comprises only one sub-division, Dumka and it consists 10 blocks: Dumka, Gopikander, Jama, Jarmundi, Kathikund, Maslia, Ramgarh, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and Saraiyahat.
There are four Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Sikaripara, Dumka, Jama and Jarmundi. All of these are part of Dumka Lok Sabha constituency. Dumka is one of the beautiful city in India.in other words it is also called as mini KOLKATA.[citation needed]
According to the 2011 census Dumka district has a population of 1,321,096, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 370th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.39 %. Dumka has a sex ratio of 974 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62.54 %.
wn.com/Dumka_District -
Godda District
Godda district (Hindi: गोड्डा जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. It lies in the northeastern part of the state. The geographical area that now comprises Godda district was formerly part of the erstwhile Santhal Parganas district. Godda town is the headquarters of Godda district.
The area of the district is 2110 km², with a population of around 861,000. The district is without any rail link, the nearest railway station being Barahat. The main economic activity of the people is agriculture, and major crops are paddy, wheat and maize.
Godda is the land of a tribe called Santhals. Godda is not only a land of tribes, the local inhabitants also include the non-tribal and urban people.
Godda is mostly famous for the Rajmahal Coalfields in Lalmatia. It's an integral part of Jharkhand and is known for its hills and small forests. The mine present here is an integral part of ECL coalfields and is among the biggest in whole Asia.
wn.com/Godda_District -
India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
wn.com/India -
Jamshedpur
Jamshedpur /ˈdʒɑːmʃɛdpʊər/ (Hindi: जमशेदपुर, Bengali: জামশেদপুর, pronunciation (help·info)) is the largest urban conglomeration and most populous city in the state of Jharkhand, India . Jamshedpur is the first planned industrial city of India, founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also known as Steel City, TataNagar or simply Tata.
Jamshedpur is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. It has a population of 2,337,131 (according to the 2011 census) and is the third Largest city in Eastern India after Kolkata and Patna. It ranks 36th among the 53 million-plus cities in India. It is located on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.
Jamshedpur is a major industrial centre of East India. It houses companies like Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Lafarge Cement, Telcon, BOC Gases, Tata Technologies Limited, Praxair, TCE, TCS, Tinplate and many more. It is home to one of the largest industrial zones of India known as Adityapur which houses more than 1,200 small and medium scale industries.
wn.com/Jamshedpur -
Jamtara
Jamtara is a city and a notified area in Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jamtara is the district headquarters.
Jamtara is located at 23°57′N 86°48′E / 23.95°N 86.8°E / 23.95; 86.8. It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet).
It is located 250 km from Ranchi, the state capital. It has an area of 1801 km². Distance from other major cities like from Howrah is 260 km and from Patna is 290 km.
It came into existence on 26 April 2001. The small district of Jharkhand state consists of only 4 blocks. It was created by carving out four blocks from DUMKA District.
Other towns in this district are Karmatar, Nala, Kundahit, Narayanpur and Fatehpur. The fast flowing Ajay River passes through the district and verdant forest areas cover the district. Unexplored and unspoiled natural beauty is the trademark of the district.
With pristine clear river waters, high cliffs and dense jungles, Jamtara is an adventure tourist's paradise. Beautiful waterfalls, sharp cliffs, rolling green hills and panoramic locations make Jamtara a rustic yet scenic vacation spot.
wn.com/Jamtara -
Jharkhand
Jharkhand /dʒɑrˈkɑːnd/[citation needed] (Hindi: झारखण्ड; Bengali: ঝাড়খন্ড; Urdu: جھاڑکھنڈ; Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [ˈdʒʱaːrkʰəɳɖ] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,714 km2 49,821 sq mi (129,040 km2). The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is sub capital while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centres are Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.
The name "Jharkhand" means "The Land of Forests".
According to some writers like Gautam Kumar Bera, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Bera's book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu Mythological book Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda Rajas, who basically had ownership rights to large farmlands. During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara.
wn.com/Jharkhand -
Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
wn.com/Kolkata -
Lakhisarai
Lakhisarai (archaic spelling: Luckeesarai, pawan dharti) town is the administrative headquarters of Lakhisarai district in Bihar state in eastern India. The town has a population of 77,840 (2001 census). It is well connected by road and rail routes. It is situated on Patna-Howrah main line passing through Kiul junction. NH-80 passes through the town. The town has a number of small scale industrial units, which include iron rod manufacturing, rice mills, sindur (vermilion) factories, drugs manufacturing and insecticide manufacturing units. The rivers, namely the Ganges, Haroohar and Kiul, pass through Lakhisarai district. There is a popular Hindu temple named Ashok Dhaam. . A village named 'Pokhram' in Lakhisarai has a number of temples and pond.
Lakhisarai was an established administrative and religious centre during the golden period of Pal bansh. This region of Lakhisarai was identified in old times as a place of rocks, mountains and statues of different Hindu and Bhuddhist gods and goddesses. Even in Buddha literature this place had been mentioned as "Anguttri" meaning thereby a district status. This beautiful place, naming Lakhisarai came into existence, as a new district from Munger . Hence this place in the ancient period also can be identified with the name of Munger or Ang Pradesh. Lakhisarai region during Pal administration was the capital of Pals for some period. Other evidences found in the district under the Pal Dharampal.
wn.com/Lakhisarai -
Ludhiana
Ludhiana /ˌluːdiˈɑːnə/ (also Ludhyana; Punjabi: ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ) is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is the largest city in the state, with an estimated population of 1,613,878 in 2011. The population increases substantially during the crop harvesting season due to migration of laborers from states like Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Delhi. It has an area of about 310 km². The city stands on the Sutlej River's old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center of northern India. Residents of the city may be referred to as Ludhianvis.[citation needed]
Ludhiana is located 100 km west from state capital Chandigarh on NH 95 and is centrally located on National Highway 1 from Indian capital New Delhi to Amritsar, and is well connected to New Delhi by road, frequent train service and by air.
Ludhiana is a well known NRI district of Punjab with a large population living abroad in Canada, and the U.S.
wn.com/Ludhiana -
Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
wn.com/Malaysia -
Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
wn.com/Mumbai -
Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल) (i/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWLNepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad), Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis. Kathmandu Valley itself has estimated population of 5 million.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.
wn.com/Nepal -
Pakur District
Pakur district (Hindi: पाकुड़ जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Pakur is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district, with a population of 701,616 (census 2001), and covering an area of 686.21 km², is situated on the north-eastern corner of Jharkhand state. The district is bounded on the north by Sahebganj district, on the south by Dumka district, on the west by Godda district, and on the east by the Murshidabad district of West Bengal.
It is famous across the world for its Black stone. It supplies nearly 500 Truck Stone chips daily to Bangladesh. It is generating the highest revenue for Howrah railway Division by supplying Black Stone Chips across India and Coal to Punjab.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Pakur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Presently, Pakur district comprises seven blocks: Pakur (Urban), Pakur (Rural), Hiranpur, Littipara, Amrapara, Pakuria and Maheshpur.
wn.com/Pakur_District -
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean.
The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. In 1991, the Persian Gulf again was the background for what was called the "Persian Gulf War" or the "Gulf War" when Iraq invaded Kuwait and was subsequently pushed back, despite the fact that this conflict was primarily a land conflict.
The Persian Gulf has many good fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has come under pressure from industrialization, and in particular, oil and petroleum spillages during wars in the region.
Historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, although neither of the latter two terms are recognized internationally. The name Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf) is used by the International Hydrographic Organization.
wn.com/Persian_Gulf -
Sheikhpura
Sheikhpura is a city and a municipality in Sheikhpura district in the Indian state of Bihar. Sheikhpura is also an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India. The district occupies an area of 689 km² and has a population of 5,25,502 (as of 2001).
As of 2001[update] India census, Sheikhpura Town has a population of 49.361 Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sheikhpura has an average literacy rate of 51%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 60%, and female literacy is 42%. In Sheikhpura, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town is connected by road to major hubs in the region with frequent bus service.
Sheikhpura is located on the broad gauge line connecting Kiul and Gaya. The town is served by a direct daily train to Kolkata, and a weekly service to Guwahati via Bhagalpur. The state capital Patna could be reached through a stop-over at Kiul from where rest of India is well connected.
Very recently the Fatuha-Islampur and Bakhtiyarpur-Rajgir branch lines have been connected with this route. Extension of passenger services to inter-link Sheikhpura with Hilsa and Bihar Sharif is expected very soon.
wn.com/Sheikhpura -
Surat
Surat, previously known as Suryapur, is a commercial city of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is also administrative capital of Surat district and one of the fastest growing cities in India. The city proper is the third cleanest city in India. Surat is Gujarat's second largest city and India's 8th most populated city (in terms of Population in Municipal Corporation area of the City) with a population of 4.5 million. Surat ranks fourth in a global study of fastest developing cities conducted by The City Mayors Foundation, an international think tank on urban affairs. It is the fastest growing Indian city in terms of economic prosperity. The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5 per cent over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008, according to data compiled by the economic research firm Indicus Analytics. UK-based charity, The Ecological Sequestration Trust (TEST), has selected Surat as one of the three cities in the world, to be developed as "global cities."
The city is located 306 km south of state capital Gandhinagar, and is situated on the left bank of the Tapti River (Tapi), the centre being around 22 km (14 mi) from its mouth. A moat divides the older parts of the city, with its narrow streets and handsome houses, and the newer suburbs. The city is largely recognised for its textile and diamond businesses. It is also known as the diamond capital of the world and the textile capital/Manchester textile city of India, a distinction it took over from Ahmedabad. It is also known as the "Embroidery capital of India" with the highest number of embroidery machines than any other city. 92% of the world's diamonds are cut and polished in Surat. It has one of the highest GDP growth rates in India at 11.5% as of 2008. Surat was the primary port of India during the Mughal period, a distinction it lost to Bombay during the late 17th century as the East India Company grew.
wn.com/Surat -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
Vietnam
Vietnam (
listen), formally the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam; listen), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 91.5 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.
The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. The First Indochina War eventually led to the expulsion of the French in 1954, leaving Vietnam divided politically into two states, North and South Vietnam. Conflict between the two sides intensified, with heavy foreign intervention, during the Vietnam War, which ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
wn.com/Vietnam -
West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km2), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.
wn.com/West_Bengal
-
Anga
Anga (अंग aṅga) was a kingdom that flourished on the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 6th century BCE until taken over by Magadha in the same century. Counted among the "sixteen great nations" (solas Mahajanapadas) in Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Anga also finds mention in the Jain Vyakhyaprajnapti’s list of ancient janapadas.
Some refer that the Angas were grouped with people of ‘mixed origin’, generally in the later ages.
Based on Mahabharata evidence, the kingdom of the Angas roughly corresponded to the districts of Bhagalpur, Banka, Purnia, Munger, Katihar and Jamui in Bihar and districts of Deoghar, Godda, and Sahebganj in Jharkhand; later extended to include parts of Bengal. The River Champa (modern Chandan) formed the boundaries between the Magadha in the west and Anga in the east. Anga was bounded by river Koshi on the north. According to the Mahabharata, Duryodhana had named Karna the King of Anga.
Sabhaparava of Mahabharata (II.44.9) mentions Anga and Vanga as forming one country. The Katha-Sarit-Sagara also attests that Vitankapur, a city of Anga was situated on the shores of the sea. Thus the boundaries of Anga may have extended to the sea in the east.
wn.com/Anga -
Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km2 and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.
wn.com/Bhagalpur -
Domari language
Domari is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by the Dom people across the Middle East. The language is known to be spoken in Palestine/Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey and probably Iraq. The Gypsies of Egypt and Sudan do not speak Domari but kept a secret lexicon partly based on Domari. The language was also spoken in Iran but the last report dates back to the 19th century. Since then, no speakers of Domari were found in Iran and the only Indo-Aryan language still spoken in Iran is Zargari, a variety of European Romani.
Domari is also known as "Middle Eastern Romani", "Tsigene", "Luti", or "Mehtar". Dialects include:
Some dialects may be highly divergent and not mutually intelligible.
Domari was once thought to be the "sister language" of Romani, the two languages having split after the departure from the Indian subcontinent, but more recent research suggests that the differences between them are significant enough to treat them as two separate languages within the Central zone (Hindustani) group of languages. The Dom and the Rom are therefore likely to be descendants of two different migration waves out of India, separated by several centuries.
wn.com/Domari_language -
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages (also called Iranic languages) form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn are a subgroup of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples.
The Iranian languages are considered in three stages of Old (until 400 BCE), Middle (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New (since 900 CE). From the Old Iranian languages the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of Zarathushtra). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran) and Parthian (a language of Arsacid Iran). There are many Iranian languages, the largest amongst them are Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.
Today, there are an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. The Ethnologue lists 87 Iranian languages.Persian has about 65 million native speakers, Pashto about 50 million, Kurdish about 18 million, Balochi about 7 million, and Lurish about 2.3 million.
wn.com/Iranian_languages -
Kalash language
Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mondr) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Iranian branch spoken by the Kalash people, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. Georg Morgenstierne maintains that "The Kalasha do not belong to the special Kafir branch of Indo-Iranian but speak a true Indo-Aryan language." The Kalasha language is phonologically atypical because it contrasts plain, long, nasal, and retroflex vowels as well as combinations of these (Heegård & Mørch 2004). According to the Chitrali researcher Rehmat Aziz Chitrali, the correct name of the language is Kalasha.
The kalasha language is the closest modern language to ancient sanskrit(old indo aryan) closely followed by western dardic khowar
Kalasha is spoken by the Kalasha people who reside in the remote valleys of Bumburet, Birir and Rumbur, which are west of Ayun, which is ten miles down the river from Chitral Town, high in the Hindu Kush mountains in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The Kalasha have their own religion, with gods and goddesses, although it is estimated that half of the Kalasha have converted to Islam. There are an estimated 6,000 speakers of Kalasha, of which 3,000 still follow the Kalasha religion and the other 3,000 have converted to Islam.
wn.com/Kalash_language -
Khwarezmian language
Khwarezmian, also known as Khwarazmian or Chorasmian, is the name of an extinct East Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered in the lower Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea (the northern part of the modern Republic of Uzbekistan, and the adjacent areas of Turkmenistan).
Our knowledge of Khwarezmian is limited to its Middle Iranian stage and, as with Sogdian, little is known of its ancient form. Before the advance of Islam in Transoxiana (early 8th century), Khwarezmian was written in a script close to that of Sogdian and Pahlavi with its roots in the imperial Aramaic script. From the few surviving examples of this script on coins and artifacts it has been observed that written Khwarezmian included Aramaic logograms or ideograms, that is Aramaic words written to represent native spoken ones.
After the advance of Islam, Khwarezmian was written using an adapted version of the Perso-Arabic alphabet with a few extra signs to reflect specific Khwarezmian sounds, such as the letter څ, which represents /ts/ and /dz/, as in the traditional Pashto orthography.
wn.com/Khwarezmian_language -
Rohingya language
Rohingya (Ruáingga) is a language spoken by the Rohingya people of Arakan (Rakhine), Burma (Myanmar). It is smiliar to the Chittagonian language spoken in the neighboring southeastern Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.[1] .
Various writing systems are used, including Arabic, Urdu, Hanifi, and Burmese, and the newer Rohingyalish, based on the Latin script.
Written in Arabic script, the first Rohingya language texts are more than 300 years old. While Arakan was under British rule (1826–1948), the Rohingya people used mainly English and Urdu for written communication. Since independence in 1948, Burmese has been used in all official communications. Since the early 1960s, Rohingya scholars have started to realize the need for a writing system suited to their own language.
In 1975 a writing system was developed using Arabic letters; other scholars adopted Urdu script to remedy some deficiencies of the Arabic. Neither proved satisfactory, however, and most Rohingyas found it difficult to read the language in either version.
wn.com/Rohingya_language -
Talysh language
The Talyshi language is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Historically, the language and its people can be traced through the middle Iranian period back to the ancient Medes. It includes many dialects usually divided into three main clusters: Northern (in Azerbaijan and Iran), Central (Iran) and Southern (Iran). There are a wide variety of estimates for the number of Talyshi speakers with reliable estimates running anywhere from 500,000 to 1 million. Talyshi is partially, but not fully, intelligible with respect to Persian. Talysh is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
The origin of the name Tolish is not clear but is likely to be quite old. The name of the people appears in early Arabic sources as Al-Taylasân and in Persian as Tâlišân and Tavâliš, which are plural forms of Tâliš. Northern Talysh (in the Republic of Azerbaijan) was historically known as Tâlish-i Guštâsbi. Talysh has always been mentioned with Gilan or Muqan. Hamdallah Mostowfi writing in the 1340s calls the language of Gushtaspi covering the Caspian border region between Gilan to Shirvan is called a Pahlavi language connected to the language of Gilan. Although there are no confirmed records, the language called in Iranian linguistics as Azari can be the antecedent of both Talyshi and Tati. Miller’s (1953) hypothesis that the Âzari of Ardabil, as appears in the quatrains of Shaikh Safi, was a form of Talyshi. That was also confirmed by Henning (1954). In western literature the people and the language are sometimes referred to as Talishi, Taleshi or Tolashi. Generally speaking, the written books and texts concerning Taleshi are rare. However, In the recent decades a scientific and research movement has come about in this old region in poetry, history, literature, etc.
wn.com/Talysh_language
photo: US Army / Staff Sgt. Michael R. Noggle
18 Jan 2013
“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction” is Newton’s third law of physics. Its counterpart in geopolitics is “blowback,” when military action in one sphere produces an unintended and undesirable consequence in another. September 11, 2001, was blowback. George H.W. Bush had sent an army of half a million to hurl Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait, a triumph ... bases in Saudi Arabia ... Patrick J....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: GFDL
17 Jan 2013
TOKYO. Aviation regulators on Thursday grounded most of the world's 787 Dreamliner fleet until a fire risk linked to the plane's batteries can been fixed, deepening a crisis for its US manufacturer Boeing. Regulators in Japan, India and Chile followed the lead of the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in ordering an indefinite halt to all operations, after a Japanese Dreamliner on Wednesday was forced into an emergency landing ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 Jan 2013
AMY TEIBEL. Associated Press= JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's premier on Wednesday dismissed President Barack Obama's reported displeasure with his hard-line policies toward the Palestinians, a sisgn that the two could be headed for a showdown. Polls suggest Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to win Israel's elections next week and continue in office ... could suffer in unprecedented ways if the Israeli government doesn't change its policies....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
BAMAKO, Mali -- After a punishing bombing campaign failed to halt the advance of al-Qaida-linked fighters, France pledged Tuesday to triple the size of its force in Mali, sending in hundreds more troops as it prepared for a land assault to dislodge the militants occupying the country's northern half ... On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... "We have one objective ... On Tuesday, U.S ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
Deccan Herald
13 Jan 2013
Colourful Sambhrama. The ‘Sangeetha Sambhrama’ conducted annual ‘Nirantharam’ Festival, last week. This year under the leadership of Vidushi P Rama, conducted music (vocal, veena, jugalbandi, percussion ensemble) dance, drama, concerts, and felicitations to senior artistes ... Her angikas were in place and a fluency of line in her movement became evident, something worthy of note, in a young dancer ... Scholarly vocal ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Hindu
06 Dec 2012
One reason why a traditional art form like Kathakali survives despite the odds is the organic energy of a select group of top-ranking performers ... Natyasangham ... Although a disciple of Vazhenkada Kunju Nair, whose actions and expressions invariably carried a profound sense of reasoning, Chandrasekharan, contrary to the expectations of the initiated among the audience, sometimes takes too liberties in his angika and satwikabhinayas....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Hindu
11 Oct 2012
Kalamandalam Krishnankutty Poduval, who redefined and repositioned the place of the chenda in Kathakali, will be remembered at a function organised by Kalasagar, an institution founded by him on October 14, at Chandra Mandala, Beach Road, Chennai. On the occasion, gurus Prof. T.N ... It was only by the beginning of the 20th century that the chenda and the maddalam actively intervened in the angika and satwika abhinayas of Kathakali....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Times of India
02 Oct 2012
NEW DELHI ... Scheduled status brings certain advantages to a language ... These languages include Angika, Banjara, Bazika, Bhoti, Bhotia, Bundelkhandi, Chhattisgarhi, Dhatki, Garhwali (Pahari), Gondi, Gujjari, Ho, Kachachhi, Kamtapuri, Karbi, Khasi, Kodava (Coorg), Kok Barak, Kumaoni, Kurak, Kurmail, Lepcha, Limbu, Mizo, Magahi, Mundari, Nagpuri, Nicobarese, Himachali, Pali, Rajashthani, Sambalpuri, Shaurseni, Siraiki, Tenyidi and Tulu ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
The Times of India
01 Oct 2012
After paying homage to Rabindranath Tagore on the sesquicentennial of the poet laureate's birth, it is now time to celebrate the 150th year of the birth of Dwijendralal Ray, another nationalist poet, playwright and composer ... Yeh Shaam Mastani ... Like father, like daughter ... I will be singing ragas and raginis, and thumri and dadras ... They are mainly in Bengali but are also in English, Hindi, Urdu, Sanskrita, Magahi, Angika and Maithili ... ....(size: 11.1Kb)
The Hindu
05 Jul 2012
Bhaskar, and Kuchipudi expert, Kalamandalam Chandrika Menon ... College of Fine Arts, Thripunitura ... K.N ... Nayar ... The sub-texts of the lyrics were a revelation to Sugandhi who made an earnest effort to internalise the semantics of the pallavi, anupallavi and the charanams in her recitals so that the ‘chaturvidhabhinaya’ (the four fold concept of acting – angika, vachika, aharya and satwika) attained a rare profundity ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
The Times of India
29 Apr 2012
SHARE. AND. DISCUSSTweet PATNA. The state BJP's Kala aur Sanskriti Manch (KSM) has demanded establishment of a Film City in the state ... The demand was made given the emerging scenario of Bihari regional films ... Regional language films have also been made in Maithili and Angika languages spoken in the state ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
The Hindu
16 Feb 2012
The dynamic Natyarangam team successfully completed the 13 year of their Bharatanatyam camp held in the temple atmosphere of Thennangur. Twenty four dancers were given an experience of a lifetime over three intense, sense-stimulating days ... Convener Prof. C.V. Chandrasekhar, deftly steered the daily sessions, broadly divided into Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Sattvika ... Many facets of a raga ... Suresh's yoga sessions and Dr ... Keywords ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Times of India
11 Jul 2011
The Times of India
10 Jul 2011
The Times of India
09 Jul 2011
Congress legislature party (CLP) leader in the state assembly and party's former state chief Sadanand Singh on Friday urged CM Nitish Kumar to make his personal intervention and take requisite steps for the protection of Angika - the language of the people of ancient Anga Janapada and has evolved over the past several centuries ... of Angika language....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Times of India
07 Jul 2011
Their demands include state recognition of Angika language, opening of Angika Academy, its inclusion in the examinations conducted by the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC), inclusion of Angika language and literature curriculum for teaching in schools, relay of programmes from Prasar Bharti (All India Radio and Doordarshan) stations in Patna ......(size: 3.2Kb)
The Hindu
09 Jun 2011
The post-silver jubilee period of Kerala Kalamandalam witnessed an unprecedented process of diversification of courses offered at in the institution ... Among them, the Department of Thullal is especially noteworthy ... until her advent ... art ... Excerpts from an interview…. Early years ... That was in 1960 ... Thullal demands a high degree of coordination of several factors such as vachika and angika abhinaya along with rhythmic perfection ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
 |
Angika test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
| Angika | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| अंगिका | ||||||
| Spoken in | India, Nepal | |||||
| Region | Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | |||||
| Native speakers | 740,000 (1997–2001)[1] | |||||
| Language family | ||||||
| Language codes | ||||||
| ISO 639-1 | bh (Bihari languages) | |||||
| ISO 639-2 | anp | |||||
| ISO 639-3 | anp | |||||
|
||||||
Angika (अंगिका) is a language spoken in North Bihar and South-Eastern Part of Bihar, Santhal Praganas of Jharkhand and Maldah District of West Bengal. Angika is an Indo-Iranian language of the Anga region of India, a 58,000 km² area approx. that falls within the states of BiharJharkhand and West Bengal. Besides India, Angika is also spoken in Tarai region of Nepal, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. A sizeable Angika speaking population exists in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Gulf Countries.
History[link]
Angika is close to Maithili and Bangla languages, and was classified by George A. Grierson as a dialect of Maithili, which he termed as "Chikka-Chikki ".[1] It has affinity to the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, such as Bengali, Oriya, and Assamese. It had been traditionally classified as a "Bihari languages," which includes Angika, Bhojpuri, Magahi, Maithili, and Vajjika, though it has ancient history of being an independent language.[2]. The name Angika first appeared in the 1961 census.[3].
Verbs in Angika are similar to those of Bengali and Maithili. For example "dangaybey" in Angika is same as "daangabay" in Bengali and "dangaybai" in Maithili; "kanay chhai" in Angika is same as "kaanchey" in Bengali and "Kaanai chhai" in Maithili etc. Angika, Maithili, Assamese, Bengali and Oriya and are sister languages. Similarity between these sister languages can be observed in the following sample sentence constructions. One common feature is that the sound ca appears at the end of a verb, for instance, hamma ja'ychhiye ("I am going") in Angika, ham ja'ychhi / ham ja'ychhiye in Maithili, ami jacchi in Bengali, mo ja'yche in Assamese, and mu ja'uchi in Oriya. Similarly, there is the sound la as the verb ending in the past tense; for example, for "I went": hamma ga'yliyay in Angika, ham ge'yliyay / ham gel rahee in Maithili, a'mi gela'm in Bengali, man galo in Assamese. Similarly, in the future tense, the va sound occurs as a verb ending; for example, hamma ja'ybow in Angika, ham jaybai / ham jaayab in Maithili, a'mi ja'bo in Bengali.
Speakers[link]
Estimates of Angika speakers vary.[2][3] While SIL Ethnologue report puts the number of Angika speakers at 725,000 (in 1997), others claim that the number is as high as 2.5 Crore (25 million).[4][5][6][7][8]
Status[link]
Angika is not listed in the 8th schedule of the constitution of India. The demand for its inclusion in the Eighth Schedule is pending with the Government.[9] A movement led by Anga Utthan Andolan Samiti is demanding the government recognition for the language.[10]
Angika was previously unanimously regarded as a dialect of Maithili.[11] The 1928 Linguistic Survey of India conducted under the supervision of George A. Grierson mentions Angika as "Chika-chiki boli", a dialect of Maithili language.[11] Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) Mysore, lists Angika as of the five dialects of Maithili, but also states its claim as a separate language "on the ground of several phonetic as well as grammatical differences".[12]
Writing System[link]
Angika is commonly written in the Devanagari script, although in ancient period Anga Lipi and later on Kaithi were used historically.[13]
Alternate Names[link]
Various alternate names for the language are used:
- Aangi,
- Angikar,
- Chheka-Chhiki
- Chhai-chhow
- Bhagalpuri
- Chekari.
Demography / Current Use[link]
- Eastern Bihar
- Bhagalpur District, Banka District, Jamui District, Munger District, Lakhisarai and Sheikhpura
- Jharkhand
- Sahebganj District, Godda District, Deoghar District, Pakur District, Dumka District and Jamtara
- Elsewhere
- A large number of Angika speakers have migrated to the Persian Gulf, the United Kingdom , the United States, Canada and other countries. Also a substantial portion of the Angika-speaking population has settled elsewhere in India, mainly in Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Baroda, Surat, Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Jamshedpur and Bokaro.
People of Anga region in Bihar (mainly from Bhagalpur) prefer to go to Kolkata for jobs/higher studies or other purposes because of socio-cultural affinity with West Bengal.
Angika cinema[link]
The first Angika language film released on 27 April 2007 in Laxmi Talkies, Khagaria, Bihar. The name of this film is "Khagaria Vali Bhouji".[4] The first ever completed feature film of Angika Language, however, is "Khissa Chando Bihula Bishari Ke", which is still to be released. A new Angika film, "Ang Putra" has been released in April 2010. Angika folk singer Sunil Chailaa Bihari plays lead role in the film.[5]
Angika literature[link]
Suman Soorow,Ashwini (Click Here), Permanand Pandey, Vidyabhushan Venu, Amrendra,, Khushilal Manjar, Vimal Vidrohi, Ram Sharma Anal, Naresh Pandey- 'Chakore', Kundan Amitabh, Abhaykant Choudhary, Shri Umesh Jee are among prominent scholars of Angika Language who have contributed lots in Angika Literature. Hundreds of standard literary books are available in angika language.
Grammatical comparison with other languages[link]
- Angika shows a regular contrast for animates.[14]
Comparison of common words with related languages and dialects[link]
| Angika | Hindi | Bhojpuri | Maithili | Magahi | Bajjika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| हम्मॆ | मैं/हम | हम | हम | हम | हम |
| आपनॆ | आप | रउआ | अहाँ / अपने | अपने | अपने |
| हमरॊ | मेरा/हमारा | हमार | हम्मर | हमर | हम्मर |
Vote for Angika Wikipedia[link]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Angika at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- ^ The varying estimates arise from errors of enumerators /insufficient enumeration methodology during the Indian census. Whose mother tongue is Hindi, anyway?
- ^ ".speakers of a mother tongue low on the prestige hierarchy typically hesitate to assert that they speak a language distinct from a more prestigious one. For example, speakers of two mother tongues classified as ‘dialects’ of Hindi from Bihar — Angika and Bajjika – when asked to name their mother tongues, would, in nine cases out of ten, assert it to be Hindi "Managing Multilingual India, Ayesha Kidwai
- ^ "Straight Answers". Times of India. 12 April 2002. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/7282418.cms?prtpage=1. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ "Lok Sabha Debate on 18 February 2003". angika.com. http://angikainparliament.rediffblogs.com/.
- ^ Sujay Rao Mandavilli. "Is It Time for India to Abandon Its Antiquated Rajbhasha Policy?". Language In India. http://www.languageinindia.com/jan2008/antiquatedrajbhasha.html. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
- ^ "Bhagalpur District Profile". District Planning Department, Bhagalpur. http://bhagalpur.bih.nic.in/UploadDocs/Comp._Dist_Profile%20%28GOI_UN%20Convergence%20Program%29.pdf. Retrieved 30 July 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "4 Crore Angika Speaking Population". http://bhagalpurcity.com/art&culture/coverstory_doctor_amarendra.html.
- ^ "Languages in the Eighth Schedule". Ministry of Home Affairs. 2004-12-22. http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=5928. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
- ^ Abhay Singh (2011-07-07). "Fast for recognition of Angika". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-07/patna/29746670_1_language-eighth-schedule-state-recognition. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ a b Colin P. Masica (9 September 1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC&pg=PA426. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
- ^ Dialects of Maithili
- ^ "Angika.com". http://www.angika.com.
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=M49xnrM5BZwC&pg=PA221&dq=angika&hl=en&ei=UVUnTKewH5S2rAfNmdzYBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CCcQuwUwADgU#v=onepage&q=angika&f=true
External links[link]
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Angika
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ангика
http://it.wn.com/Lingua angika
http://hi.wn.com/अंगिका
http://cs.wn.com/Angičtina
http://es.wn.com/Idioma angika
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angika
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
