Wiley-Blackwell

Parent company	John Wiley & Sons
Founded	1922
Country of origin	United States
Headquarters location	Hoboken, New Jersey
Publication types	Books, Academic journals
Official website	www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley's Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing, after Wiley took over the latter in 2007.^[1]

As a learned society publisher, Wiley-Blackwell partners with around 750 societies and associations. It publishes nearly 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and more than 1,500 new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works, and laboratory protocols. Wiley-Blackwell is based in Hoboken, New Jersey (United States) and has offices in many international locations including Boston, Oxford, Chichester, Berlin, Singapore, Melbourne, Tokyo, and Beijing, among others.

Wiley-Blackwell publishes in a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including in biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.

Access to more than 1,500 journals, OnlineBooks, lab protocols, electronic major reference works and other online products published by Wiley-Blackwell is available through Wiley Online Library,^[2] which replaced the previous platform, Wiley InterScience, in August 2010.

Blackwell Publishing history[link]

Blackwell Publishing was formed by the 2001 merger of two Oxford-based academic publishing companies, Blackwell Science (founded 1939 as Blackwell Scientific Publishing) and Blackwell Publishers (founded 1922), which had their origins in the nineteenth century Blackwell's family bookshop and publishing business. The merger created the world's leading learned society publisher, partnered with 665 academic and professional societies. Blackwell published over 805 journals and 650 text and reference books in 2006, across a wide range of academic, medical, and professional subjects, and had 990 staff members with offices in the United States, UK, Australia, China, Denmark, Germany, Singapore and Japan.

The company identified its mission as an expert publisher as to create long-term partnerships with its clients that enhanced learning, disseminated research, and improved the quality of professional practice. Its online full-text service was launched by Blackwell Science in 1999.

On November 17, 2006, John Wiley & Sons announced it had "entered into a definitive agreement to acquire" Blackwell Publishing.^[3] The acquisition was completed in February 2007, at a purchase price of £572 million. Blackwell Publishing was merged into Wiley's Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to create Wiley-Blackwell.^[1] From June 30, 2008, the journals previously on Blackwell Synergy are delivered through Wiley InterScience.^[4]

Journals[link]

See Category:Wiley-Blackwell academic journals

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

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Leonard George Horowitz DMD, MA, MPH (born June 20, 1952)^[1] is a former dentist, a health industry entrepreneur, and the author of a number of books, pamphlets, DVDs, CDs and articles on public health issues; the books and pamphlets have been published under his own Tetrahedron imprint. Horowitz is an AIDS conspiracy theorist^[2] and opposes vaccination.

Publications[link]

This section relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (October 2010)

Peer-reviewed publications on dentistry[link]

From 1978 to the mid-1990s, Horowitz wrote several articles on dentistry, including its relation to medical marijuana and holistic health.^[3][4][5][6] Beginning in the early 1990s, AIDS hygiene in dentistry and addressing patient fears about AIDS risks in the dental office became dominant themes in Horowitz's peer-reviewed work.^[7]

Other works[link]

Horowitz's self-published books include Deadly Innocence: Solving the Greatest Murder Mystery in the History of American Medicine (1994), in which he claims that Kimberly Bergalis' dentist, David J. Acer was a pedophile and a serial killer who used HIV as his murder weapon; and Emerging Viruses: Aids & Ebola — Nature, Accident or Intentional? (1996), which advances the theory that AIDS and Ebola were engineered by the U.S. government with biological warfare and genocide in mind.

In 2001, Horowitz published "Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic" in the controversial non-peer-reviewed journal Medical Hypotheses.^[8]

Writings on the Kimberly Bergalis controversy[link]

HIV/AIDS and dentistry received attention in the early 1990s with the case of Kimberly Bergalis, who, with five other patients, was reported to have contracted HIV from an HIV-infected dentist, David J. Acer. Initial inquiries concluded that the patients had the same strain of HIV, and that Acer was the most likely source of infection.^[9]

In 1994, Horowitz wrote that the case should be treated as serial homicide,^[10][11] concluding that Acer had acted with murderous intent and was motivated by a political agenda.^[12][13][14] At an AIDS conference Horowitz, Strecker, Cantwell, Vid, and Grossman's names were attached to an abstract that stated that "two-thirds of African Americans recently surveyed believe the AIDS epidemic may be genocide."^[15] According to Horowitz, various levels of government had acted in concert to suppress evidence in the Acer case:

"Three years into the Acer investigation, I had fallen deeply into a U.S. Government cover-up... [t]he Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Florida health officials had covered up almost all of the incriminating evidence linking Dr. Acer to thirty six serial killers studied by the FBI."^[16]

"I was forced to conclude the authorities covered up the evidence implicating Dr. Acer to prevent the media, and subsequently the public, from probing into his background. The legal testimony in the case indicated he believed he was dying of a virus that the government had created. Dr. Acer, his best friend testified, believed that the virus had been unleashed for genocide against America's gay community and Third World Blacks."^[16]

However, the "best friend" cited by Horowitz, Edward Parsons, is actually reported to have said "only that Acer was angry about his AIDS infection, and he specifically said that Acer did not tell him that he was going to intentionally infect patients."^[17] and that "Dr. Acer had said to him in 1988 that mainstream America was ignoring AIDS because it affected mostly homosexuals like himself, hemophiliacs and drug addicts."^[18]

Vaccinations, HIV/AIDS and racial controversies[link]

Horowitz is the most publicized proponent of the conspiracy theory that HIV was deliberately designed by US military lab in the 1970s for use as a genocidal weapon. The scientific consensus is that HIV is a variation of simian immunodeficiency virus that crossed into humans and mutated into a virus lethal to humans.^[2]

Horowitz has been cited as influential in the decision of the Nation of Islam to call for a boycott of U.S.-sponsored vaccination programs:

... Horowitz's account of the genocidal proclivities of governments and pharmaceutical companies has been taken up by the Nation of Islam. As Horowitz relates in the epilogue to the "expanded Reference Edition" [of Emerging Viruses] published in 1998, he was invited by Alim Muhammad, health minister of the Nation of Islam, to address a meeting headed by Louis Farrakhan. Convinced by Horowitz's account of the dangerous contamination of vaccines by unknown or possibly man-made viruses, the Nation of Islam recommended the black community should boycott all compulsory vaccination programs for children in the U.S.^[19]

In early 2004, the Nation of Islam publication, The Final Call, wrote the following about Horowitz:

In his 2001 book entitled, Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare, Horowitz concludes that the predilection of HIV/AIDS for Black Americans and Africans is the likeliest result of successful national security policies ordered during the administrations of Richard M. Nixon and Jimmy Carter, leaving very little room for argument that there is no intentional movement to eliminate the Black population globally. Horowitz said national security documents reveal the intentional targeting of Blacks in America and Africa for population control, including depopulation, as is being accomplished by the AIDS epidemic today. He said every sociopolitical and economic outcome secretly planned for Blacks in the Diaspora and on the African continent by intelligence agencies during those two administrations has come to pass. During the early 1970s, Horowitz writes that National Security Memorandum 200, advanced by Nixon's National Security Adviser (sic) Henry Kissinger, called for massive "Third World" depopulation efforts in order to maintain the economic alignment of the superpowers. "Zbigniew Brezinski (sic), who replaced Dr. Kissinger in the Carter administration, secretly advanced National Security Memo #46 to cabinet chiefs only, this document authorized the FBI and CIA to initiate genocidal policies," Horowitz writes. He said that Kissinger's security policy specifically stated the need to dramatically reduce African populations, and Brzezinski's memo explained that Black nationalism "posed" economic and security threats to America.^[20]

On April 27, 2008, Barack Obama's former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, during questions and answers at the National Press Club in connection with the general controversy over his opinions, was asked by a moderator, "In your sermon, you said the government lied about inventing the HIV virus as a means of genocide against people of color. So I ask you: Do you honestly believe your statement and those words?" Wright responded, "Have you read Horowitz's book, "Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola," whoever wrote that question? .... I read different things. As I said to my members, if you haven't read things, then you can't – based on this Tuskegee experiment and based on what has happened to Africans in this country, I believe our government is capable of doing anything."

On October 7, 2009, Horowitz told al Jazeera that H1N1 vaccines would cause sterility, as part of a plan of "pangenocide" against Muslims. An identical claim was previously circulated by Muslim clerics in Kano, Nigeria in 2003, leading to a resurgence of polio in North Africa. Horowitz was a speaker at Conspiracy Con in 2001, 2004 and 2007.^[21]

Claims of a treatment for SARS[link]

Six weeks after the initial identification of the virus causing the 2003 SARS outbreak, Horowitz and some associates promoted what they claimed was an "effective treatment" for the disease, a naturopathic product line called "Urbani".^[22][23] Carlo Urbani, who had first identified SARS to the World Health Organizationas a new, infectious and lethal disease after it had spread from China to Vietnam, had died of SARS on March 29, 2003.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned Horowitz that his marketing of purported remedies for SARS violated regulations.^[24]

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Debate between Abbie Smith and Brandon Burton about the cause of HIV/AIDS

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2009)

Christopher Percy Gordon "Chris" Blackwell (born 22 June 1937) is a British businessman and former record producer, and the founder of Island Records, which has been called "one of Britain's great independent labels".^[2] According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, to which Blackwell was inducted in 2001, he is the single person most responsible for turning the world on to reggae music.^[3]

Forming Island Records in Jamaica on 22 May 1959 aged 22, Blackwell was amongst the first to record the Jamaican popular music that eventually became known as ska. Returning to Britain in 1962, he sold records from the back of his car to the Jamaican community.^[2]

Backed by Stanley Borden from RKO Entertainment, Blackwell's business and reach grew substantially, and he went on to forge the careers of Bob Marley, Grace Jones and U2 amongst many other diverse high-profile acts. He has produced many seminal albums, including Marley's Catch A Fire and Uprising.^[4]

Childhood[link]

Blackwell was born in London. Blackwell's father, Joseph, who was Irish, was related to the founder of Crosse & Blackwell, purveyors of jarred foods and relishes, and had some residual wealth.^[2] He became a Major in the Jamaican Regiment.^[4]

Blackwell's mother, the former Blanche Lindo, was born in Costa Rica, and was a Sephardic Jew from a Jamaican family.^[3] She belonged to a powerful family who made their fortune in sugar and Appleton rum toward the end of slavery. They are named as one of the 21 families who controlled Jamaica in the 20th century.^[4] Blanche was considered the love of Ian Fleming's later life, becoming the James Bond author's muse and the inspiration for the character Pussy Galore in Goldfinger.^[5] She owned several thousand acres of land near Oracabessa, Jamaica, and sold properties to both Fleming and Noël Coward.^[6] Due to her heritage, Blanche was viewed as a white Jamaican.^[5]

Blackwell spent his childhood in Jamaica, and was sent to Britain to continue his education at Harrow.^[7] Deciding not to attend university, he returned to Jamaica to become ADC to the Governor of Jamaica Sir Hugh Foot. After Foot was transferred to Cyprus, Blackwell left King's House to pursue a career in real estate and other businesses, including managing jukeboxes up and down the country, which brought him into contact with the Jamaican music community.^[2]

In 1958, Blackwell was sailing off Helshire Beach when his boat ran aground on a coral reef. The twenty one-year-old swam to the coast and attempted to find help along the shore in searing temperatures. Collapsing on the beach, Blackwell was rescued by Rasta fishermen who tended his wounds and restored him back to health with traditional Ital food. The experience gave Blackwell a spiritual introduction to Rastafarianism, and was a key to his connection to the culture and its music.^[4]

Career[link]

Aged 22, Blackwell formed a record label in 1958 with a start-up investment of $10,000 provided by his parents, taking its name from Alec Waugh's novel Island in the Sun.^[3] Radio personality Graeme Goodall was his initial business partner.^[4] Blackwell received a small allowance from his mother, which enabled him to have his own apartment at a young age and survive on the little he was earning.^[2] Island's debut release was a piano album by Bermudian pianist Lance Hayward. Blackwell began recording Jamaican popular music in 1959, achieving a number one hit there with Laurel Aitken's "Boogie in my Bones/Little Sheila".^[3]

In 1961, Blackwell acted as a location scout and production assistant for the 1962 Bond film Dr No. After the movie wrapped, producer Harry Saltzman offered him a full-time position. Conflicted between music and film, Blackwell visited a psychic, who told him that he would be successful if he stayed in the music industry.^[4]

By 1962, the fledgling record producer had released 26 singles and two albums on Island.^[3] Blackwell returned to England that year and continued to grow his business. He began having success with the niche market of Jamaican music, and progressed to bringing in licensed master tapes. One of these contained a performance by fifteen-year-old Millie Small, who Blackwell brought over to England. In 1964, he produced Small's cover of a 1956 Barbie Gaye song "My Boy Lollypop" which was one of the first songs recorded in the "ska" style. Millie Small's version was a smash hit, selling over six million records worldwide. It launched Island Records into mainstream popular music, and is acknowledged as the first international ska hit.

Blackwell later remembered his breakthrough release:

After discovering The Spencer Davis Group, featuring Steve Winwood, Blackwell focused on the rock acts that Island had signed. Island became one of the most successful independent labels of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s with artists like Traffic, King Crimson, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Jethro Tull, Cat Stevens, Grace Jones, Free, John Martyn, Sly and Robbie, Sparks, Spooky Tooth, Nick Drake, Roxy Music, Robert Palmer, Melissa Etheridge, The Cranberries and U2. "The bigger labels are supermarkets", Blackwell remarked. "I like to think of Island as a very classy delicatessen."^[3] However, Chris has admitted to turning down some major names. One was Elton John: He considered the pianist too shy to become a performer.

Island and Blackwell himself became renowned for a relaxed, nurturing vibe. Blackwell showed skill in spotting and creating trends, as well as a gift for finding talent. He had an imaginative flair for marketing, and Island's releases were often packaged in lovingly designed gatefold sleeves.^[2] Blackwell has said: "I really believe that if people see something that looks good, subconsciously they'll think maybe there's something going on inside, on the record. There were times when somebody came out with a cover which was actually better than the record itself, so I'd have to send them back to remake the record."^[2]

Island Records was also the first home for Trojan Records, Chrysalis Records and Virgin Records and the American Label Sue Records, who produced Jimmy McGriff, The Soul Sisters and Ike and Tina Turner.^[3]

Eventually, Island moved into movies and released The Harder They Come in the UK, which featured Jimmy Cliff. Produced and directed by fellow Jamaican Perry Henzell, the film marked the first time that Jamaican themes appeared in mainstream cinema.^[3]

In 1977, Blackwell built Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas as a recording home for his and other artists.

One of Blackwell's notable achievements was bringing Bob Marley & The Wailers to the attention of international audiences.^[3] Without a signed contract, Blackwell advanced money to The Wailers for their first Island album, displaying the trust which stemmed from his 1958 beach rescue by Rastas. Blackwell's gesture led to the longterm success of both Marley and the label.

Of his experience with Marley, Blackwell has said:

Blackwell also formed Mango Records, which featured Jamaican and other artists from the Third World. Mango introduced Burning Spear, Black Uhuru, Third World (band), Salif Keita, Baaba Maal, Angélique Kidjo, King Sunny Adé and many others.

Blackwell sold his stake in Island in 1989, eventually resigning from the company in 1997. In 2009, Blackwell was at the centre of celebrations held in London for Island's fiftieth anniversary.^[2]

Each of Blackwell's companies was eventually sold to Polygram, and are as of 1998 part of the Universal Music Group conglomerate, but Blackwell left with a unique reputation for looking after artists as diverse as Bob Marley, U2, Cat Stevens, Grace Jones, Steve Winwood, Melissa Etheridge, Tom Waits, The Cranberries, Richard Thompson and PJ Harvey.

After selling these companies, Blackwell went on to found Palm Pictures, a media entertainment company with music, film and DVD releases. In the late Nineties, Blackwell merged Palm Pictures with Rykodisc to form RykoPalm, a new operation.^[3]

Blackwell currently runs Island Outpost, which he set up to operate and market a group of elite resorts in Jamaica and the Bahamas, including Strawberry Hill in the Blue Mountains (where Marley recovered after being shot in 1976),^[4] Jake's in Treasure Beach, The Caves in Negril, and the recording studio and private hotel Geejam near Port Antonio, where artists such as Gwen Stefani and No Doubt, Drake and Gorillaz have recorded. Island Outpost also owns The Tides and The Marlin in Miami Beach, Florida.^[4]

Blackwell has long owned Goldeneye in Oracabessa, the previous home of Ian Fleming, where the author wrote all the James Bond books. Until his death, Fleming was the longtime lover of Blackwell's mother, Blanche.^[5] Blackwell developed the property into a community of villas and beach cottages, each with its own private access to the sea, and Goldeneye is considered the most exclusive of the Island Outpost resorts.^[4]

Blackwell is involved in a number of philanthropic organizations. Among these are Island ACTS, the Oracabessa Foundation, the Mary Vinson Blackwell Foundation, and the Jamaican Conservation Trust.

In 2003, Blackwell launched the Goldeneye Film Festival, which continues to be held annually at the resort. In September that year, Blackwell received the coveted Jamaican Musgrave Medal, awarded to Jamaicans who excel in the arts, music and public service. In 2004, the Order of Jamaica was bestowed upon Blackwell for philanthropy and outstanding contribution to the entertainment industry.^[4]

With a family legacy rooted in Jamaica's banana, coconut, and rum export industries, Blackwell served as the inspiration behind the recently launched Blackwell Fine Jamaican Rum. The aged rum is a deep, rich, and fragrant black gold liquid that has been infused with tropical flavors.

In April 2009, the UK magazine Music Week named Blackwell the most influential figure in the last 50 years of the British music industry.^[8][9][10]

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Baugh, Edward (1998). Chancellor, I Present. Mona: Canoe Press.
• Bradley, Lloyd (2001). This is Reggae Music. London: Grove.
• Childs, Peter and Mike Storry, eds. (1999). Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture. London: Routledge.
• (2001). "Chris Blackwell." Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

External links[link]

• Video Interview with Chris Blackwell
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: Inductee Biography of Blackwell
• Palm Pictures website
• Island Outpost website
• Compass Point Studios website
• Chris Blackwell interview: Island Records – The Telegraph
• Island: The record label which changed the world – The Independent