A census-designated place (CDP) is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns and villages. CDPs are populated areas that lack separate municipal government, but which otherwise physically resemble incorporated places.

CDPs are delineated solely to provide data for settled concentrations of population that are identifiable by name but are not legally incorporated under the laws of the state in which they are located. They include small rural communities, colonias located along the U.S. border with Mexico, and unincorporated resort and retirement communities.^[1] The boundaries of a CDP have no legal status.^[2] Thus, they may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 Census require that a CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on the geographic extent associated with residents' use of the place name.^[1]

The U.S. Census bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes census-designated places in Hawaii in its city population lists because that state has no incorporated cities.^[3] In addition, census city lists from 2007 include Arlington County, Virginia's CDP in the list with the incorporated places.^[4]

History[link]

The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the 1850 Census, though usage continued to develop through the 1890 Census, in which, for the first time, the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label.^[5] This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated.^[5]

The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places.^[5]

For the 1940 Census, the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people.^[5] The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in the 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census.^[5] For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside "urbanized areas".^[5] In 1960, the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England), but with a population of at least 10,000.^[5] For the 1970 Census, the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000.^[5] For the 1980 Census, the designation was changed to "census-designated places"^[5] and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England.^[5] For the 1990 Census, the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas was reduced to 2,500.^[5] From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska, Puerto Rico, island areas, and Native American reservations. Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census.^[1][6]

The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to the boundaries for CDPs.^[7] The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008.

Effects of designation and examples[link]

The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns.^[8][5] Further, as statistical entities, the boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community where the rest lies within an incorporated place.

By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in the same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category.^[5]

The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. In no case is a CDP defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough.^[5] However, the Census Bureau considers towns in New England states and New York as well as townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states. Thus, CDPs may be defined within New England towns or spanning the boundaries of multiple towns.^[5]

Purpose of designation[link]

There are a number of reasons for the CDP designation:

• The area may be more urban than its surroundings, having a concentration of population with a definite residential nucleus, such as Whitmore Lake, Michigan, or Hershey, Pennsylvania.
• A formerly incorporated place may disincorporate or be partly annexed by a neighboring town, but the former town or a part of it may still be reported by the census as a CDP by meeting criteria for a CDP. An example is the former village of Covedale (village in Ohio), compared with Covedale (CDP), Ohio.
• The area may contain an easily-recognizable institution, usually occupying a large land area, with an identity distinct from the surrounding community. This could apply to large military bases (or parts of a military base) that are not within the limits of any existing community, such as Fort Campbell North or Fort Knox, Kentucky.^[5] Another example is Stanford, California, which houses the Stanford University campus.
• In some cases, a CDP may be defined for the urbanized area surrounding an incorporated municipality, but which is outside the municipal boundaries, for example the former CDPs of Greater Galesburg, Michigan or Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland.
• In other cases, the boundary of an incorporated place may bisect a recognized community. An example of this is Bostonia, California, which straddles the city limits of El Cajon. The USGS places the nucleus of Bostonia within El Cajon. The Bostonia CDP covers the greater El Cajon area in unincorporated San Diego County that is generally north of that part of Bostonia within El Cajon.
• The Census Bureau treats all townships as unincorporated places, even in those states where townships are incorporated under state law. This is so even in those states (i.e., Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey and South Dakota) where the Census Bureau acknowledges that "All townships are actively functioning governmental units."^[9]
• In some states, a CDP may be defined within an incorporated municipality that (for the purposes of the census) is regarded as a minor civil division. For example, towns in Massachusetts and Connecticut are incorporated municipalities, but may also include both rural and urban areas. CDPs may be defined to describe urbanized areas within such municipalities, as in the case of North Amherst, Massachusetts.
• Some CDPs represent an aggregation of several nearby communities, for example Shorewood-Tower Hills-Harbert, Michigan or Egypt Lake-Leto, Florida. However, the Census Bureau will be discontinuing this method for the 2010 Census.^[1]
• Hawaii is the only state that has no incorporated places recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau below the county level. All data for places in Hawaii reported by the census are CDPs.^[5]
• In some states, the Census Bureau may designate an entire minor civil division (MCD) as a CDP (for example West Bloomfield Township, Michigan or Reading, Massachusetts). Such designations are used in states where the MCDs function with strong governmental authority and provide services equivalent to an incorporated municipality (New England, the Middle Atlantic States, Michigan, and Wisconsin). MCDs appear in a separate category in census data from places (i.e., incorporated places and CDPs); however, such MCDs strongly resemble incorporated places, and so CDPs coterminous with the MCDs are defined so that such places appear in both categories of census data. This practice will no longer be used in the 2010 Census.^[1]

See also[link]

Government of the United States portal

• Census county division
• Designated place, a counterpart in the Canadian census
• ZIP Code Tabulation Area

Notes[link]

References[link]

• U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, "Cartographic Boundary Files", Census-designated place. Cartographic Operations Branch, July 18, 2001.
• U.S. Census Bureau, "Census 2000 Statistical Areas Boundary Criteria", Census Designated Places (CDPs) - Census 2000 Criteria.
• U.S. Census Bureau, Geographic Areas Reference Manual, United States Department of Commerce.

Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico
—  CDP  —
House at Santa Clara Pueblo, 1910 House at Santa Clara Pueblo, 1910
Flag of Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico Flag
Location of Santa Clara Pueblo
Coordinates: 35°58′16″N 106°5′21″W / 35.97111°N 106.08917°W / 35.97111; -106.08917Coordinates: 35°58′16″N 106°5′21″W / 35.97111°N 106.08917°W / 35.97111; -106.08917
Country	United States
State	New Mexico
County	Rio Arriba
Area
• Total	2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2)
• Land	2.1 sq mi (5.4 km2)
• Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation	5,607 ft (1,709 m)
Population (2000)
• Total	980
• Density	471.6/sq mi (182.1/km2)
Time zone	Mountain (MST) (UTC-7)
• Summer (DST)	MDT (UTC-6)
ZIP code	87532
Area code(s)	505
FIPS code	35-70390
GNIS feature ID	0928813
Santa Clara Pueblo
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Nearest city:	Espanola, New Mexico
Area:	24 acres (9.7 ha)
Governing body:	Private
NRHP Reference#:	74001199[1]
Added to NRHP:	November 05, 1974

Santa Clara Pueblo (Tewa: Kha'po) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 980 at the 2000 census. Santa Clara Pueblo was established about 1550.

The pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos, and the people are from the Tewa ethnic group of Native Americans who speak the Tewa language. The pueblo is on the Rio Grande, between Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north and San Ildefonso Pueblo to the south. Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings. The pueblo is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography[link]

Santa Clara Pueblo is located at 35°58′16″N 106°5′21″W / 35.97111°N 106.08917°W / 35.97111; -106.08917 (35.971124, -106.089111)^[2], about 1.5 miles south of Española on NM 30.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km²), all of it land.

History[link]

Pueblo people lived in the area for centuries before contact with Europeans, and Ancient Pueblo Peoples may have lived in the general area as far back as 1200 BC. In 1541, part of the expeditionary force of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado visited the pueblo. In 1628 a mission was established there, and the current church was built about 1918. The pueblo fought in the 1680 Great Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish. Pueblo potters are known for their black polished and red polychrome pottery.^[3][4]

Demographics[link]

Santa Clara Pueblo artist Jason Garcia and daughter

As of the census^[5] of 2000, there were 980 people, 349 households, and 254 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 471.6 people per square mile (181.9/km²). There were 400 housing units at an average density of 192.5 per square mile (74.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 6.53% White, 85.61% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 6.12% from other races, and 1.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.45% of the population.

There were 349 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 22.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.29.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 28.3% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $20,302, and the median income for a family was $22,049. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $20,221 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,311. About 30.5% of families and 29.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.3% of those under age 18 and 37.1% of those age 65 or over.

Notable tribal members and residents[link]

Double-handled Santa Clara bowl with Awanyu design, by Florence Browning, 1996

• Gregory Cajete, author and educator
• Luther Gutierrez, potter
• Margaret Gutierrez, potter
• Joseph Lonewolf, potter
• Linda and Merton Sisneros, potters
• Anita Louise Suazo, potter
• Roxanne Swentzell, contemporary ceramicist and bronze sculptor, Native plant activist
• Margaret Tafoya, celebrated Santa Clara potter
• Pablita Velarde, celebrated Santa Clara painter
• Nathan Youngblood, potter
• Nora Naranjo-Morse, contemporary artist and filmmaker

See also[link]

• Puye Cliff Dwellings - the ruins of an abandoned pueblo and National Monument managed by Santa Clara Pueblo.
• Santa Clara Indian Reservation

References[link]

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
3. ^ National Park Service, Santa Clara Pueblo accessed 2010-05-26
4. ^ Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Santa Clara Pueblo accessed 2010-05-26
5. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 

External links[link]

• Indian Pueblo Cultural Center - Santa Clara Pueblo
• Santa Clara Pueblo Community Library
• Santa Clara Pueblo on New Mexico Tourism Dept. website
• Santa Clara Pueblo at National Park Service
• Santa Clara Pueblo pottery gallery
• Children of the Clay: A Family of Pueblo Potters, the Swentzell family of Santa Clara Pueblo

v t e Municipalities and communities of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States County seat: Tierra Amarilla City Española‡ Village Chama CDPs Alcalde Chimayo‡ Dulce San Juan Santa Clara Pueblo Unincorporated communities Abiquiú Dixon El Rito Embudo Hernandez Navajo City Ohkay Owingeh Ojo Sarco San Lorenzo Tierra Amarilla Truchas Ghost towns Hopewell Santa Rosa de Lima Sublette Indian reservation Santa Clara Indian Reservation‡ Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties