- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 206990
- author: Matt Lewis
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
add
Loading...
..." width="225" height="168" class="playvideo1 gotop" onClick="activateTab('playlist1'); return false" style="display: block;" />
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
-
Chad
Chad
i/ˈtʃæd/ (French: Tchad, Arabic: تشاد Tšād), officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".
Chad is divided into multiple regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, (formerly Fort-Lamy), the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam and Christianity are the most widely practiced religions.
Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.
wn.com/Chad -
CNBC
Coordinates: 40°53′55″N 73°56′21″W / 40.89861°N 73.93917°W / 40.89861; -73.93917
CNBC (officially the Consumer News and Business Channel until 1991) is a satellite and cable television business news channel in the U.S., owned and operated by NBCUniversal. The network and its international spinoffs cover business headlines and provide live coverage of financial markets. The combined reach of CNBC and its siblings is 390 million viewers around the world. In 2007, the network was ranked as the 19th most valuable cable channel in the U.S., worth roughly $4 billion. It is headquartered in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
The CNBC channel had its beginnings around 1980 as the Satellite Program Network (SPN), showing a low-budget mix of old movies, instructional and entertainment programs. The channel later changed its name to Tempo Television. After initially signing a letter of intent to acquire Tempo,NBC eventually opted for a deal to lease the channel's transponder in June 1988. On this platform, and under the guidance of Tom Rogers, the channel was relaunched on April 17, 1989 as the Consumer News and Business Channel. NBC and Cablevision initially operated CNBC as a 50-50 joint venture, choosing to headquarter the channel in Fort Lee, New Jersey.
wn.com/CNBC -
Dyess Air Force Base
Dyess Air Force Base (AFB) (IATA: DYS, ICAO: KDYS, FAA LID: DYS) is a United States Air Force base located approximately 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Abilene, Texas.
The host unit at Dyess is the 7th Bomb Wing (7 BW) assigned to the Air Combat Command Twelfth Air Force. The 7 BW is one of only two B-1B Lancer strategic bomber wings in the United States Air Force, the other being the 28th Bomb Wing at Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota.
Dyess AFB was established in 1942 as Abilene Army Air Base (AAB). It is named in honor of Texas native and Bataan Death March survivor Lieutenant Colonel William Dyess. The 7th Bomb Wing is commanded by Colonel David B. Béen. The Vice Commander is Colonel Gerald V. Goodfellow and the Command Chief Master Sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Douglas L. McIntyre.
Dyess AFB is a 6,409-acre (25.94 km2) base with over 13,000 military and civilian people. It is home to the 7th Bomb Wing, which consists of four groups. Two squadrons, the 9th and 28th Bomb Squadrons, fly the B-1B. In addition, the 28th Bomb Squadron is the Air Force schoolhouse for all B-1B aircrew members.
wn.com/Dyess_Air_Force_Base -
England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
wn.com/England -
Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] (
listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
wn.com/Germany -
Guatemala
Guatemala (i/ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ GWAH-tə-MAH-lə), officially the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish: República de Guatemala [reˈpuβlika ðe ɣwateˈmala]), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its area is 108,890 km2 (42,043 mi2) with an estimated population of 13,276,517.
A representative democracy, its capital is Guatemala de la Asunción, also known as Guatemala City. Guatemala's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contributes to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The former Mayan civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization, which continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish. The Mayas live in Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, the southern part of Mexico and northern parts of El Salvador.
Guatemala became independent from Spain in 1821, joining the Mexican Empire. After it became an independent country in its own right, it was ruled by a series of dictators, assisted by the United Fruit Company. The late 20th century saw Guatemala embroiled in a 36-year-long civil war. Following the war, Guatemala has witnessed both economic growth and successful democratic elections. In the most recent election, held in 2011, Otto Pérez Molina of the Patriotic Party, won the presidency.
wn.com/Guatemala -
Houston
Houston (
/ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
wn.com/Houston -
Mali
Mali
i/ˈmɑːli/, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali, French pronunciation: [maˈli]), is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with a population of 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Sénégal rivers. The country's economic structure centers around agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's natural resources are gold, uranium, livestock, and salt. About half the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.
Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (from which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. In the late 19th century, during the Scramble for Africa, France seized control of Mali making it a part of French Sudan. French Sudan (then known as the Sudanese Republic) joined with Senegal in 1959, achieving independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. Shortly thereafter, following Senegal's withdrawal from the federation, the Sudanese Republic declared itself the independent Republic of Mali. After a long period of one-party rule, a 1991 coup led to the writing of a new constitution and the establishment of Mali as a democratic, multi-party state. On 22 March, 2012, a group of junior soldiers seized control of the country's presidential palace and declared the government dissolved and its constitution suspended. On 6 April, 2012, rebels from the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) declared the secession of a new state, Azawad, from Mali.
wn.com/Mali -
Mauritania
Mauritaniai/mɔrɪˈteɪniə/ (Arabic: موريتانيا Mūrītānyā; Berber: Muritanya / Agawej; Wolof: Gànnaar; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; French: Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in West Africa and in the Maghreb. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara (controlled by Morocco) in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber kingdom that had no relation with it. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.
The government of Mauritania was overthrown on 6 August 2008, in a military coup d'état led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. On 16 April 2009, General Aziz resigned from the military to run for president in the 19 July elections, which he won. In Mauritania about 20% of the population live on less than US$1.25 per day.
wn.com/Mauritania -
New Orleans
New Orleans ( /nuː ˈɔrliənz/ or /ˈnuː ɔrˈliːnz/, locally /nuː ˈɔrlənz/ or /ˈnɔrlənz/; French: La Nouvelle-Orléans [la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃] ( listen)) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city proper was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
The city is named after Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.
wn.com/New_Orleans -
RAF Mildenhall
RAF Mildenhall (IATA: MHZ, ICAO: EGUN) is a Royal Air Force (RAF) station located at Mildenhall in Suffolk, England. Despite its status as an RAF station, it primarily supports United States Air Force operations and is currently the home of the 100th Air Refueling Wing (100 ARW). As RAF Mildenhall's current "host wing" the 100 ARW supports some 16,000 personnel, three geographically separated units (GSUs) and 15 associated units.
RAF Mildenhall hosts units from four different major USAF commands -- Air Combat Command, Air Force Special Operations Command, Air Mobility Command and United States Air Forces in Europe; as well as units of the United States Navy.
RAF Mildenhall and its sister base RAF Lakenheath are the largest United States Air Force bases in the United Kingdom.
The host unit at Mildenhall is the 100th Air Refueling Wing (100 ARW), which deploys aircraft for and manages the European Tanker Task Force, a rotational force which provides air refueling to US and NATO aircraft in the European Theater. It is the only permanent USAF air refueling wing in the European theater, activated at RAF Mildenhall on 1 February 1992. The wing provides the critical air refueling "bridge" that allows the Expeditionary Air Force to deploy around the globe on a moment's notice.
wn.com/RAF_Mildenhall -
South Carolina
South Carolina (i/ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina; to the south and west by Georgia, located across the Savannah River; and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by King Charles II of England in honor of his father Charles I (Carolus being Latin for Charles). South Carolina was the 8th state to ratify the US Constitution and become a state which it did on May 23, 1788. South Carolina later became the first state to vote to secede from the Union which it did on December 20, 1860. It was readmitted to the United States on June 25, 1868.
South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 24th most populous of the 50 United States. South Carolina comprises 46 counties. The capital and largest city of the state is Columbia.
wn.com/South_Carolina -
Stewart Greenleaf
Stewart J. Greenleaf (born October 4, 1939) is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 12th District since 1979. His district includes portions of Montgomery and Bucks Counties.
Greenleaf is a 1961 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received his J.D. from the University of Toledo College of Law. He served as an assistant district attorney in Montgomery County from 1970 to 1977 and also an assistant public defender in Bucks County. Greenleaf continues to serve as a partner in his law firm, Elliott Greenleaf, whose attorneys include Montgomery County Commissioner Bruce Castor and former State Rep. Melissa Murphy Weber.
In 1971, Greenleaf was elected as a Commissioner for Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania. After one term, Greenleaf was elected to a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1976. He served a single term in the house before winning his bid for the State Senate in 1978. Greenleaf has been re-elected seven times, most recently over Democrat Jeff Albert in 2006.
wn.com/Stewart_Greenleaf -
Tennessee
Tennessee (i/tɛnɨˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ) is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th most extensive and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144.Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902.
The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861, and the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.
wn.com/Tennessee -
Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
wn.com/Texas -
West Texas
West Texas is a vernacular term applied to a region in the southwestern quadrant of the United States that primarily encompasses the arid and semi-arid lands in the western portion of the state of Texas.
There is a general lack of consensus regarding the boundaries that separate East Texas and West Texas.Walter Prescott Webb, the American historian and geographer, suggested that the 98th meridian separates East and West Texas. The Texas writer A.C. Greene proposed that West Texas extends west of the Brazos River. Perhaps, the truth is that there is no distinct line that separates East and West Texas. Rather, there are places that are clearly in West Texas and there are places that are clearly in East Texas, and then there are places that fall within a transitional zone between these two regions.
West Texas is often subdivided according to distinct physiographic features. The portion of West Texas that lies west of the Pecos River is often referred to as "Far West Texas" or the "Trans-Pecos," a term first introduced in 1887 by the Texas geologist Robert T. Hill. The Trans-Pecos lies within the Chihuahuan Desert, the most arid portion of the state. Another important subdivision of West Texas is the Llano Estacado, a vast region of high level plains that extends into Eastern New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle. To the east of the Llano Estacado lies the “redbed country” of the Rolling Plains and to the south of the Llano Estacado lies the Edwards Plateau. The Rolling Plains and the Edwards Plateau subregions act as transitional zones between East and West Texas.
wn.com/West_Texas
-
Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and won the popular vote in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.
Gore was previously an elected official for 24 years, representing Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–85), and later in the U.S. Senate (1985–93), and finally becoming Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential election, Gore won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes. However, he ultimately lost the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush when the U.S. Supreme Court settled the legal controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5-4 in favor of Bush. It was the only time in history that the Supreme Court has determined the outcome of a presidential election.
wn.com/Al_Gore -
Alejandro Mendoza
Alejandro "Alex" Mendoza (born April 25, 1977) is an American ex-Marine, owner of a lawn care business and democratic socialist politician from Dallas, Texas who is the vice presidential candidate for the 2012 elections, with the nomination of the Socialist Party USA. Mendoza, of Texas, is running with Stewart Alexander of California for President. Mendoza is currently serving as the State Chair for the Socialist Party of Texas.
Mendoza was born in Riverside, California to parents who immigrated from Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Mendoza graduated from Palm Springs High School in 1995. Shorty after graduation, Mendoza joined the United State Marine Corps for four years, and served with the most decorated regiment in the Marine Corps, the 5th Marine Regiment. Mendoza moved to Texas shortly after honorably serving in the Marines. Mendoza has spent the previous years working in the Information Technology field and has worked all over the world (Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, England, and Argentina). Mendoza is now an independent business owner of a local, sustainable, lawn care business.
wn.com/Alejandro_Mendoza -
Allan Shivers
Robert Allan Shivers (October 5, 1907 – January 14, 1985) was a Texas politician who led the conservative faction of the Texas Democratic Party during the turbulent 1940s and 1950s. Shivers also developed the lieutenant governor's post into an extremely powerful perch in state government.
Born in Lufkin, the seat of Angelina County in East Texas, Shivers was educated at the University of Texas at Austin, having earned a law degree in 1933. While at UT, he was a member of the Texas Cowboys and the Friar Society, and he served as the student body president. In 1934, he was elected to the Texas State Senate, having become the youngest person ever to serve in the State Senate. He served in the Senate from 1934 to 1946, except for two years service in the United States Army during World War II, from which he was discharged with the rank of major.
wn.com/Allan_Shivers -
Andre Barnett
Andre Nigel Barnett (born June 2, 1976) is an American politician and entrepreneur. He is a candidate for the President of the United States seeking the 2012 nomination of the Reform Party of the United States of America. He is the founder of the information technology (IT) company WiseDome Inc.
Barnett was born in Zanesville, Ohio in 1976. He attended Austin Peay State University and Western Governors University.
A former member of the United States Armed Forces, Barnett served in Sarajevo before being wounded in a helicopter accident.
Following his military service, Barnett became a fitness model in New York. In 2001, he founded WiseDome Incorporated, an IT company that provides information technology and data recovery services.
Barnett announced his presidential candidacy on May 6, 2011. He considers himself a conservative and has stated that he intends to considerably downsize the federal government if he is elected. Barnett has been described as a "conservative with a conscience." His candidacy is endorsed by the Frederick Douglass Foundation. At the Reform Party of New Jersey's state convention on April 14, 2012, Barnett defeated former Governor of Louisiana Buddy Roemer in the party's presidential straw poll by a 50% margin.
wn.com/Andre_Barnett -
Andrew Cuomo
Andrew Mark Cuomo (pronounced /ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; born December 6, 1957) is the 56th and current Governor of New York, having assumed office on January 1, 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 64th New York State Attorney General, and was the 11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Born in Queens, New York, he is the son of Mario Cuomo, the 52nd Governor of New York (1983–1994).
Cuomo was born in Queens, New York, to a family of Italian-American origin and is the eldest son of Mario Cuomo, and Matilda Raffa, daughter of Charlie Raffa. He is the older brother of ABC News journalist Chris Cuomo.
Cuomo graduated from Saint Gerard's School in 1971 and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975. He received his B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and his J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982. A member of the Democratic Party, Cuomo was a top aide to his father during his 1982 campaign for Governor. He then joined the Governor's staff as one of his father's top policy advisors, earning $1 a year.
wn.com/Andrew_Cuomo -
Andy Martin
Anthony Robert Martin-Trigona, usually known as Andy Martin (born 1945) is an American perennial candidate for political office and recurrent litigant.
The Nation,The Washington Post, and The New York Times identified him as the primary source of false rumors that then-presidential candidate Barack Obama was secretly a Muslim. In a later interview with CNN, Martin explicitly abandoned this view and now asserts Obama's real father is not Barack Obama, Sr., but African American journalist Frank Marshall Davis.
On October 17, 2008, Martin filed a lawsuit against the state of Hawaii calling for the public release of Barack Obama's birth certificate and other vital records. To counter rumors that Obama is not a natural-born citizen of the United States, the Obama campaign previously posted an image of his short-form birth certificate online. Martin's lawsuit sought a copy of Sen. Obama's long-form birth certificate. The Hawaii Supreme Court later denied Martin's request.
Martin was born in 1945 in Middletown, Connecticut. His father, Ralph Beneducci Martin-Trigona, was of Italian, Maltese, and English descent, and his mother, Helen Anthony (née Vasiliou), was Greek American. He received a B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1966, and a J.D. from that institution in 1969.
wn.com/Andy_Martin -
Anita Thigpen Perry
Anita Thigpen Perry (born May 5, 1952) is the current and longest-serving First Lady of Texas, and the wife of Governor Rick Perry. As First Lady of Texas, she has been an active advocate for nursing and other health care issues. The Anita Thigpen Perry Endowment at the UT Health Science Center at San Antonio focuses on nutrition, cardiovascular disease, health education, and early childhood development. In 2008, the Anita Thigpen Perry School of Nursing at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center was renamed in her honor.
Perry was born in Haskell, Texas. She is the daughter of family physician Joe Eltidge Thigpen and homemaker Beunis Ratliff Thigpen. She has three siblings: Joseph (an attorney), Peggy, and Emily. She is a graduate of Haskell High School. She spent her first year of college at Texas Tech University, but because Texas Tech did not have a nursing program at the time, she switched to West Texas State University, where she received a Bachelor's degree in nursing in 1974. She then obtained a Master of Science degree in Nursing from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. She has worked in the nursing profession for more than 17 years, working in surgery, pediatrics, intensive care, administration, and teaching and as a consultant. Although the Perry tax returns indicate Anita Perry worked as a nurse and took in less than $8,000 a year between 1987 and 1990, upon her husband's election as Agriculture Commissioner, she left nursing.
wn.com/Anita_Thigpen_Perry -
Ann Richards
Dorothy Ann Willis Richards (September 1, 1933 – September 13, 2006) was an American politician from Texas. She first came to national attention as the state treasurer of Texas, when she delivered the keynote address at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Richards served as the 45th Governor of Texas from 1991 to 1995 and was defeated for re-election in 1994 by George W. Bush. Ann Richards was the second female governor of Texas, and the 39th Democratic governor to serve.
Dorothy Ann Willis was born in Lakeview (now part of Lacy-Lakeview), McLennan County, the only child of Robert Cecil Willis and Mildred Iona Warren. She grew up in Waco, participated in Girls State, and graduated from Waco High School in 1950. She attended Baylor University on a debate scholarship and earned a bachelor's degree. After marrying high school sweetheart David "Dave" Richards, she moved to Austin, where she earned a teaching certificate from the University of Texas. David and Ann Richards had four children named Cecile, Daniel, Clark, and Ellen.
wn.com/Ann_Richards -
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
wn.com/Barack_Obama -
Ben Ramsey
Ben Ramsey (December 28, 1903 – March 27, 1985) was a Texas politician who served in a succession of offices during the mid-20th century. He served in both Houses of the Texas Legislature, as secretary of state, 34th Lieutenant Governor, and as member of the Texas Railroad Commission.
Ramsey was born on December 28, 1903, in St. Augustine in San Augustine County in east Texas, the son of William Charles Ramsey. He attended San Augustine public schools and worked on the family farm. After finishing high school, he worked three years in his father's law and abstract office, then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He passed the state bar examination before graduation and was licensed to practice law in 1931. Ramsey was elected to the Texas House of Representatives and served two terms. Afterward he returned to San Augustine to practice law with his brother for five years. In 1940, he was elected to the first of two four-year terms to the Texas State Senate. He became a Senate leader in anti-deficit legislation and legislation to regulate labor unions. In 1949, Governor Beauford H. Jester chose Ramsey to be Texas Secretary of State. In 1950, Ramsey resigned from the position before being elected to statewide office as Lieutenant Governor of Texas and was re-elected in 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, and 1960 for six two-year terms. When Governor Allan Shivers's conservative branch of Texas Democrats clashed with the state's more liberal Democrats, led by U.S. Senate Majority Leader (and future U.S. President) Lyndon B. Johnson and U.S. House Speaker Samuel T. Rayburn of Texas, the two factions agreed to support Ramsey as a member of the National Democratic Committee.
wn.com/Ben_Ramsey -
Benigno Fitial
Benigno Repeki Fitial (born November 27, 1945) is the current governor of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Fitial was elected on November 6, 2005 and assumed office on January 9, 2006 and was re-elected to a second, five-year term in 2009.
Fitial founded the Covenant Party in 2001 after leaving the Republican Party. He rejoined the Republican Party on January 5, 2011, announcing that his goal will be to merge the Covenant Party back into the Republican Party.
Born on November 27, 1945, and raised in a Satawalese family, Fitial graduated with honors from Saipan's Mt. Carmel High School in 1964. He obatined a Bachelor of Business Administration with an emphasis on business management from the University of Guam. He is recognized as a University of Guam Distinguished Alumni.
Fitial is the first elected Northern Mariana governor of Carolinian descent. The Carolinians are a minority group whose ancestors immigrated to the Northern Marianas in the early 19th century, from the Yap and Chuuk islands groups of what is now the Federated States of Micronesia. Chamorros are the majority group on the Northern Marianas and a Chamorro has tended to win in past gubernatorial elections.
wn.com/Benigno_Fitial -
Bev Perdue
Beverly Eaves "Bev" Perdue (born January 14, 1947) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party currently serving as the 73rd Governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina. She is the first female governor of North Carolina.
Perdue started her political career in the 1980s, serving in the North Carolina House of Representatives. She then served 5 terms in the North Carolina Senate before she was elected as the 32nd Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina. Perdue was elected to the office of Governor of North Carolina in 2008 against then-Charlotte Mayor Pat McCrory by a 50-46 margin. Her 2008 gubernatorial campaign is under both State and Federal investigation, and was recently fined $30,000 in 2010. When Hillary Clinton dropped out of the 2008 presidential race The New York Times mentioned Perdue as a potential future presidential candidate.
On January 26, 2012, Perdue announced that she would not seek reelection in the 2012 gubernatorial election.
Beverly Marlene Moore was born in Grundy, Virginia to Alfred P. and Irene Morefield Moore in 1947. Her father was a coal miner who became a utility CEO. She earned a B.A. degree in history in 1969 from the University of Kentucky, as well as a M.Ed. degree in community college administration in 1974 and a Ph.D., degree in Education Administration in 1976, both from the University of Florida.
wn.com/Bev_Perdue -
Bill Clements
William Perry "Bill" Clements, Jr. (April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011) was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas, serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991. Clements was the first Republican to have served as governor of the U.S. state of Texas since Reconstruction. Clements' eight years in office were the most served by any Texan governor prior to current Governor Rick Perry.
Clements was born in Dallas and worked as an oil driller for many years. He founded SEDCO in 1947, the world's largest offshore drilling company and technical leader of the offshore drilling industry, developing dynamically positioned drilling rigs, top drives, and many other offshore drilling innovations. In 1984, SEDCO was sold to Schlumberger Ltd., and its assets combined with their drilling contractor subsidiary, Forex, under Schlumberger management, to form Sedco Forex Schlumberger. Sedco Forex Schlumberger was acquired by Transocean Ltd. in 1999 and combined with their existing fleet. He entered politics as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, in the latter administration under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (1975–1977).
wn.com/Bill_Clements -
Bill Haslam
William Edward "Bill" Haslam (born August 23, 1958) is the 49th and current Governor of Tennessee. A member of the Republican Party, Haslam was elected to office in 2010. Haslam previously served as Mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, from 2003 until his resignation in 2011.
Haslam was born in Knoxville in 1958, the third child of Jim Haslam, the founder of Pilot Corporation, the parent company of the convenience store and travel center chain, Pilot Flying J, and his wife, Cynthia. Jim Haslam has been a Republican Party fundraiser and University of Tennessee donor and trustee for several decades.
Haslam was educated at the Webb School of Knoxville, where he became active in the Christian group, Young Life. He later attended Emory University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in history in 1980. He is a member of the Beta Chi chapter of the Sigma Chi International Fraternity.
As a teenager, Haslam began working part-time in his father's corporation. He had made plans to teach history and eventually become a minister. Following his university graduation, he returned to Knoxville to work for Pilot in hopes of learning more about the business world before entering the seminary, and eventually decided to stay with the company. He was elevated to president of the company (with his brother, Jimmy, as CEO, and father as chairman) in 1995.
wn.com/Bill_Haslam -
Bill Ratliff
William Roark Ratliff, known as Bill Ratliff (born August 16, 1936), is a Texas politician who served as a member of the Texas State Senate from 1988 to 2004. Between 2000 and 2003 he served as the 40th Lieutenant Governor of Texas, after previous Lieutenant Governor Rick Perry succeeded to the governorship to replace George W. Bush who resigned to become President of the United States.
Bill Ratliff was educated at Sonora High School in Sonora in Sutton County in West Texas and then at the University of Texas at Austin, where he studied civil engineering. Ratliff, along with brothers Shannon and Jack, was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He then worked as a civil engineer for thirty years.
He was first elected in 1988 as a Republican to the Texas State Senate from the district including his city of residence, Mount Pleasant in Titus County in northeast Texas. In 1992, he was appointed chairman of the Senate Education Committee by Lieutenant Governor Bob Bullock. From 1997 to 1998, he served as President Pro Tempore of the Texas Senate. During his time in the Senate, he supported the "Robin Hood" education program, involving transfer of funds from wealthier to poorer school districts for a more equitable education funding scheme. The plan was roundly repudiated by voters in a special election referendum held in May 1993.
wn.com/Bill_Ratliff -
Bill Still
William T. Still (born January 20, 1948) is an American documentary film producer and author of several non-fiction books.
Still is the director, narrator, and producer of the documentary films The Money Masters and The Secret of Oz, both of which critique the United States monetary system.
The Secret of Oz won the Best Documentary Award at the 2010 Beloit International Film Festival.
Still was featured in a segment, which initially aired in February 2012, of the H2 program America’s Book of Secrets discussing the Fort Knox Gold Scandal.
Still is seeking the nomination of the Libertarian Party in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.
Still resides in Ashburn, Virginia. He is divorced, and the father of four children.
wn.com/Bill_Still -
Bob Bullock
Robert Douglas Bullock, Sr., known as Bob Bullock (July 10, 1929 – June 18, 1999), was a Democratic politician from Texas, whose career spanned four decades. His service culminated in his term as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Texas from January 15, 1991 to January 19, 1999 during the terms of Governors Ann W. Richards and George W. Bush.
Bullock began his career in public service as a member of the Texas House of Representatives in the 1960s. After a stint as an assistant attorney general and in the private practice of law, Bullock returned to public life when he was appointed secretary of state, the state's chief elections and records officer, by Governor Preston Smith. Bullock soon left the post to prepare for a statewide race for state Comptroller in the 1974 Democratic primary. Under Texas law, a secretary of state must resign in order to run for another office, a practice not required in most states and served for the first of four 4-year consecutive terms for sixteen years.
Bullock, before he was widely known, was one of the few Texas Democrats to chastize John Connally for his party switch in 1973. In 1998, Bullock himself would urge the reelection of a Republican, then-Governor Bush.
wn.com/Bob_Bullock -
Bob Ely
Bob Ely, also known as Robert Moulton-Ely (born 1958), is an American entrepreneur and former investment banker, challenging President Barack Obama in several primaries for the Democratic Party's 2012 presidential nomination.
Ely was born in Connecticut in 1958 to Harriet and John Ingraham Ely. His mother, the daughter of the New Haven Register and Journal Courier owner John Day Jackson was also a newspaper owner. Ely's father was a lawyer and partner at the firm Wiggin & Dana.
Ely attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study engineering, but dropped out and transferred to Yale University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in History upon graduation in 1980. He recounted that while at Yale, "my academic achievements and alcohol consumption would have embarrassed [George] W. [Bush]." In 1983, Ely married freelance illustrator Alice Fairchild Moulton, and both assumed the last name Moulton-Ely.
After graduating from Yale, Ely moved to Chicago, Illinois. He was initially unemployed, but found work with Nuveen Investments. For an 18-year period as an investment banker, he also worked at Merrill Lynch and served as managing director at Dillon, Read & Co., which was later taken over by UBS.
wn.com/Bob_Ely -
Bob McDonnell
Robert Francis "Bob" McDonnell (born June 15, 1954) is an American politician who has been the 71st Governor of Virginia since January 16, 2010. A former lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, McDonnell served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 to 2006 and served as Attorney General of Virginia from 2006 to 2009. He currently serves as chairman of the Republican Governors Association.
McDonnell was elected as the Governor of Virginia on the back of the campaign slogan, "Bob's for Jobs", defeating Democratic state Senator Creigh Deeds by a 17-point margin in a 2009 general election marked by the late-2000s recession. McDonnell was inaugurated on January 16, 2010, on the steps of the Virginia State Capitol to succeed Tim Kaine.
Since taking office, McDonnell has pushed for privatization, extending a contract to outsource the state's computer operations and attempting to auction off the state's ABC liquor stores, and promoted offshore drilling for Virginia. He has sought to fund transportation improvements from non-traditional revenues sources including the proposal to auction-off liquor stores and establishing a toll booth at the Virginia-North Carolina border. He has used his amendatory veto power to restrict state funding for abortions.
wn.com/Bob_McDonnell -
Bobby Jindal
Piyush "Bobby" Jindal (born June 10, 1971), an American politician, is the 55th and current Governor of Louisiana. Jindal is formerly a member of the United States House of Representatives. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Jindal was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to Amar and Raj Jindal, who came to the United States as immigrants from Punjab, India, six months before he was born. Jindal attended Baton Rouge Magnet High School, graduating in 1988. He competed in tennis tournaments, started a computer newsletter, a retail candy business, and a mail-order software company. He spent his free time working at the concession stands during LSU football games. Jindal was one of 50 students nationwide admitted to the Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME) at Brown University, guaranteeing him a place in medical school. He was interested in public policy. Jindal also completed a second major in biology. He graduated in 1991 at the age of 20, with honors in both majors.
Jindal was named a member of the 1992 USA Today All-USA Academic Team. He was accepted by both Harvard Medical School and Yale Law School, but studied at New College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar. He received an M.Litt. degree in political science with an emphasis in health policy from the University of Oxford in 1994 for his thesis "A needs-based approach to health care". He turned down an offer to study for a D.Phil. in politics, instead joining the consulting firm McKinsey & Company.
wn.com/Bobby_Jindal -
Brian Sandoval
Brian Edward Sandoval (born August 5, 1963) is the 29th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada and a member of the Republican Party. Sandoval is a former judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. In June 2010, Sandoval defeated his GOP challengers (including incumbent governor Jim Gibbons) to win the Republican nomination for the 2010 Gubernatorial election.
Prior to his service as a federal judge, he served as the Nevada Attorney General, the youngest chairman of the Nevada Gaming Commission and a state legislator. Sandoval was also the first Hispanic candidate elected to statewide office in Nevada.
Sandoval was born in Redding, California, and is a long-time resident of Reno. His family is of Hispanic ancestry with Mexican roots. Sandoval graduated from Bishop Manogue High School in Reno in 1981, and attended the University of Nevada, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and earned a Bachelor's Degree in English and economics in 1986. He then went on to earn a law degree from The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1989.
wn.com/Brian_Sandoval -
Brian Schweitzer
Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician who has been the 23rd Governor of Montana since January 2005. Schweitzer currently has one of the highest approval ratings among governors in the nation, with polls regularly showing a rating of above 60 percent. Schweitzer chairs the Western Governors Association and formerly chaired the Democratic Governors Association. He currently serves as President of the Council of State Governments.
Schweitzer was born in Havre, Montana, the fourth of six children of Kathleen (née McKernan) and Adam Schweitzer. His maternal grandparents were Irish and his paternal grandparents were ethnic Germans from present-day Russia and Ukraine. Following his high school years at The Abbey School, Holy Cross Abbey, Canon City, Colorado in 1973, Schweitzer earned his Bachelor of Science degree in international agronomy from Colorado State University in 1978 and a Master of Science in soil science from Montana State University, Bozeman in 1980.
wn.com/Brian_Schweitzer -
Buddy Roemer
Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (born October 4, 1943) is an American politician who was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party, respectively, in 2012. He withdrew. He was seeking the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be on its ballot. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988 before serving as the 76th Governor of Louisiana (52nd since U.S. Statehood), from 1988 to 1992.
In March 1991, while serving as Governor, Roemer switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party.
Buddy Roemer was born on October 4, 1943, in Shreveport to Charles E. "Budgie" Roemer II and the former Adeline McDade. Roemer's maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of former Shreveport Mayor James C. Gardner's maternal grandmother. Gardner knew Roemer's grandfather as "Uncle Ross". However, McDade's wife died, and he remarried, from which union came Adeline Roemer. The two were not close politically.
wn.com/Buddy_Roemer -
Butch Otter
Clement Leroy "Butch" Otter (born May 3, 1942) is the 32nd and current Governor of Idaho since January 2007 and is a member of the Republican Party. Otter previously represented the state's First Congressional District.
Otter was the longest serving Lieutenant Governor of Idaho, holding office from 1987–2001. He is the first Idahoan since statehood to win elections as both a United States Representative and as governor. He is the third Catholic to serve as governor of Idaho and the first to win election since James H. Hawley in 1910.
Butch Otter was born into a small family of limited means. His father was a journeyman electrician and the family lived in many rural locations in the Midwest & Western U.S. during his youth, attending 15 different schools. He graduated from St. Teresa's Academy (now Bishop Kelly High School) in Boise in 1962.
Otter was 20 when he graduated from high school– a childhood accident involving gasoline badly burned his younger brother and forced Otter to take a year off. Otter worked throughout high school as a janitor, theater ticket taker, and lawn boy. "My dad graduated from high school. My expectations weren’t built beyond being a good electrician or carpenter." Otter briefly attended St. Martin's Abbey in Lacey, Washington, with an aim to becoming a priest. He attended the school primarily because of his father's opinion that "unless you were going to be a priest, you didn't need to go beyond high school."[citation needed]
wn.com/Butch_Otter -
Carl Person
Carl E. Person (pronounced /ˈpir sən/) (born July 20, 1936) is an American attorney. He was a candidate for the 2012 presidential nomination of the United States Libertarian Party.
Person was born in Manhattan and has lived in New York State most of his life with the exception of 2 years when his family lived in Nebraska and his 3 years of service in the U.S. Army. Person dropped out of Northport (New York) High School after his sophomore year, and joined the U.S. Army for a 3-year enlistment. His service included two years on Okinawa as a ship to shore high speed radio operator, to send and receive Morse code. Despite his lack of a high school diploma, Person is a graduate of Long Island University and Harvard Law School.
From 1962 to 1968, Person worked as an associate attorney for three New York corporate law firms, including Mudge, Stern, Baldwin & Todd, which accepted Richard M. Nixon as a partner in 1962, shortly after Nixon lost his first bid for the presidency to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, Person started his own law practice, and has been an individual practitioner ever since. Person’s law practice from the start has focused on litigation in federal and state courts. His first case, an antitrust action, was brought against General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler Corporation and others, and lasted 18 years. Person’s litigation experience includes civil rights, antitrust, mortgage foreclosure defense, securities fraud, copyright, trademark, age discrimination, price discrimination, employment termination, franchise termination, and other cases in which individuals and/or small businesses have claims against major corporations or government agencies.
wn.com/Carl_Person -
Chris Christie
Christopher James "Chris" Christie (born September 6, 1962) is the 55th and current Governor of New Jersey. Upon his election to the governorship in November 2009, Christie became the first Republican to win a statewide election in New Jersey in 12 years. Christie, an attorney, previously served as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey and as a Morris County, New Jersey Freeholder. In 2011, he considered entering the race for the Republican Presidential nomination but ultimately decided not to run.
Chris Christie was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Sondra A. (née Grasso) and Wilbur James "Bill" Christie, a certified public accountant. Christie is of Scottish, Irish, and Sicilian descent. He was raised in Livingston, graduating from Livingston High School. Christie graduated from the University of Delaware with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1984 and Seton Hall University School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1987. Christie was admitted to the Bar of the State of New Jersey and the Bar of the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, in December 1987. After being elected the Governor of New Jersey, he was awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Rutgers University, the state university of New Jersey, and Monmouth University in 2010.
wn.com/Chris_Christie -
Christine Gregoire
Christine O'Grady Gregoire ( /ˈɡrɛɡwɑr/; born March 24, 1947) is the 22nd and current Governor of the state of Washington, and a member of the Democratic Party. Gregoire defeated Republican candidate Dino Rossi in 2004, and again in 2008. She is the second female governor of Washington. She was the National Governors Association chairwoman for the 2010-11 term.
Christine O'Grady was raised in Auburn, Washington, by her mother, who worked as a short-order cook to support the family. After graduating from Auburn Senior High School, she attended the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1969 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in speech in sociology. She attended law school at Gonzaga University in Spokane, receiving her Juris Doctor in 1977. She is a member of Kappa Delta Sorority.
She went to work as an assistant attorney general in the office of state Attorney General Slade Gorton, a Republican. As an assistant attorney general, Gregoire concentrated on child-abuse cases, coordinating with social workers to get children removed from abusive family situations and placed with relatives or foster homes.
wn.com/Christine_Gregoire -
Dan Malloy
Dannel Patrick "Dan" Malloy (born July 21, 1955) is the 88th and current Governor of Connecticut. He was the Mayor of Stamford, Connecticut from December 1995 until December 2009. Malloy had been endorsed by the Connecticut Democratic Party on May 22, 2010 over 2006 Democratic U.S. Senate candidate Ned Lamont, and won the Connecticut Democratic gubernatorial primary on August 10, 2010.
Dannel Patrick Malloy was born and raised in Stamford, Connecticut. Malloy is the seventh of seven sons and youngest of the eight children of William F. and Agnes Egan Malloy. As a child, Malloy suffered from learning disabilities and difficulties with motor coordination. He did not learn to tie his shoes until the fifth grade and was considered mentally retarded by his elementary school teachers. Malloy eventually was diagnosed with dyslexia and learned the skills necessary to succeed academically. He does not write or type, and rarely reads from notes in public, but developed an extraordinarily useful memory. He graduated magna cum laude from Boston College, where he met his wife Cathy, and later earned his law degree from Boston College Law School.
wn.com/Dan_Malloy -
Dan Moody
Daniel James Moody, Jr. (June 1, 1893 – May 22, 1966), was a Democratic political figure, originally from Taylor, Texas, USA. He served as the 30th Governor of Texas between 1927 and 1931. At the age of thirty-three, he was elected and took office as the youngest governor in Texas history.
Moody Jr. was born on June 1, 1893 in Taylor, Texas. He was the son of Taylor's mayor-justice of the peace-school board chairman Daniel James Moody Sr. who was one of the town's first settlers in 1876. His mother Nannie Elizabeth Robertson was a local school teacher when Moody Sr. married her in 1890. Moody Jr. was an alumnus of the University of Texas Law School, and became a member of the State Bar of Texas at the age of 21, in 1914. During World War I, Moody served in both the Texas National Guard as first a 2nd Lieutenant and then Captain, and also the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant.
In 1920, Moody Jr. served as Williamson County Attorney, a position he held for two years before becoming District Attorney in 1922. In 1923, Moody obtained an assault conviction against four members of the Ku Klux Klan for beating, tarring and feathering a black man. At this time, the Klan was very powerful in Texas, with an estimated 150,000 members in the state, including the national "imperial wizard". Texas Klansmen included a U.S. senator and the mayors of Dallas, Fort Worth and Wichita Falls. This case was widely reported and gave him political momentum, despite Klan opposition.
wn.com/Dan_Moody -
Darcy Richardson
Darcy G. Richardson (born December 6, 1955) is an American self-published author, amateur historian, blogger and political activist.
In the 2012 presidential election, Richardson is the first candidate that has filed to challenge incumbent Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in New Hampshire and other states.
Richardson is the author of A Nation Divided: The 1968 Presidential Campaign, published in 2002. The book describes in detail the "Clean for Gene" phenomenon that led to President Lyndon B. Johnson's startling withdrawal from the race and Robert F. Kennedy's opportunistic last-minute candidacy, as well as the campaigns of Republican Richard M. Nixon and others. He has also authored four books of a planned seven volume series on the history of third party politics in the United States, with a heavy focus on progressive movements. All of his books are self-published through iUniverse. The first volume, "Others: Third-Party Politics From the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party" earned a Choice magazine Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) award for 2005.[unreliable source?]
wn.com/Darcy_Richardson -
Darrell Castle
Darrell Castle (born 1948) is an American political figure, activist and attorney from Memphis, Tennessee, and was the vice presidential candidate of the Constitution Party in the 2008 United States presidential election.
Castle grew up in northeastern Tennessee in a small town near Kingsport. He attended Ketron High School and East Tennessee State University, graduating from each in 1966 and 1970, respectively. At ETSU, he earned a B.S., double-majoring in political science and history.
Castle was then commissioned as an officer in the United States Marine Corps, serving for four years and attaining the rank of First Lieutenant. He cites his military service as fostering his belief that war should not be entered into capriciously nor without congressional approval. After his discharge, he returned to ETSU and began his graduate study of history. He then attended the law school at University of Memphis, then known as Memphis State University, and earned his Juris Doctor in 1979.
Upon receiving his J.D. in Memphis, Castle became an attorney. In 1984, he opened a private firm which later grew into Darrell Castle and Associates. Since then, Castle has opened firms in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Detroit, Michigan; and Kansas City, Missouri. His firms focus on consumer bankruptcy and personal injury, but also represent clients in the areas of social security/disability and workers' compensation.
wn.com/Darrell_Castle -
Dave Heineman
David Eugene "Dave" Heineman (born May 12, 1948) is the 39th and current Governor of Nebraska. He is a member of the Republican Party, and the current Chairman of the National Governors Association. He was elected to full four-year terms in 2006 and 2010, at the end of his second full term, Heineman will become the longest-serving governor in Nebraska history with 10 years of service.
Heineman lived in a variety of places in eastern Nebraska during his youth, eventually attending high school in Wahoo, Nebraska. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1970. He served five years in the U.S. Army, leaving with the rank of captain. He also graduated the Army Ranger training program.
Heineman served on the Fremont City Council from 1990 to 1994. He also served two terms as the Nebraska State Treasurer from 1994 to 2001, and was appointed the 37th Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska on October 1, 2001. He was elected to his first full term as lieutenant governor in 2002. He is married to Sally Ganem, a former elementary school principal. They have one son.
wn.com/Dave_Heineman -
David Dewhurst
David Dewhurst (born August 18, 1945) is the 41st and current Lieutenant Governor of Texas, serving under Governor Rick Perry since January 21, 2003. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as Texas Land Commissioner from 1999 to 2003. Dewhurst announced on July 18, 2011, that he was running for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by the retiring Republican U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison in the upcoming 2012 election.
Dewhurst is a businessman, a rancher, and a community leader in Houston, where he has served on civic and charitable boards. He graduated from Lamar High School in Houston and earned his bachelor's degree and played basketball at the University of Arizona in Tucson, where he was a brother of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity.
He was previously an officer in the U.S. Air Force, an officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, and worked in the United States State Department. In 1981, Dewhurst and Mr. Ted Law re-established Falcon Seaboard, a Texas-based diversified energy and investments company in Houston that Mr. Law had founded in 1935. He breeds registered Black Angus cattle and rides cutting horses in American Quarter Horse Association and National Cutting Horse Association competitions.
wn.com/David_Dewhurst -
Debra Medina
Debra Medina (born June 1, 1962) was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2010 Texas gubernatorial election. She participated in the January 14 televised debate with incumbent Governor Rick Perry and challenger U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison. After subsequently tripling her support in public opinion polls, she was invited to participate alongside her two opponents in a second debate held on January 29.
Medina was born in Beeville in Bee County in south Texas. She graduated as a registered nurse from Baptist Memorial Hospital System School of Nursing (now Baptist Health System) in San Antonio in 1984. She earned her business degree in 1995 from LeTourneau University in Longview, Texas. In 2002 she founded and managed Prudentia Inc., a medical billing company based in Wharton, Texas. She grew up Catholic, but now attends a Baptist church.
Medina got involved in politics in the 1990s and became Wharton County GOP chairwoman in 2004. She was a high-level volunteer for Ron Paul’s 2008 presidential campaign, and served as Interim State Coordinator for the Campaign for Liberty. At the 2008 Republican Party of Texas state convention in Houston, she lost her bid for state GOP vice chairwoman. In 2008, she decided to run for governor.
wn.com/Debra_Medina -
Dennis Daugaard
Dennis M. Daugaard (born June 11, 1953) is an American politician who has been the 32nd Governor of South Dakota since January 2011.
Daugaard (pronounced DEW-guard) was raised on a family farm near Garretson, South Dakota by his mother and father who were both deaf. The family descends from immigrants from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. While growing up, sign language was the main method of communication in his home. Daugaard went to a one-room country school as a child but then attended high school in the town of Dell Rapids and graduated in 1971.
Daugaard then attended the University of South Dakota in Vermillion where he was advised by William O. Farber. Professor Farber also advised former USD students Tom Brokaw and Al Neuharth. Daugaard graduated USD in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science in Government and went on to attend the prestigious Northwestern University School of Law where he earned a Juris Doctor in 1978. Daugaard paid his way through law school, driving a bus through the downtown loop and working as a security guard.
wn.com/Dennis_Daugaard -
Deval Patrick
Deval Laurdine Patrick (born July 31, 1956) is the 71st and current Governor of Massachusetts. A member of the Democratic Party, Patrick served as an Assistant United States Attorney General under President Bill Clinton. He is the state's first African-American governor and the second African American to be elected governor of any US state.
Born and raised by a single mother on the South Side of Chicago, Patrick won a scholarship to Milton Academy in Massachusetts in the eighth grade. He went on to attend Harvard College and Harvard Law School, where he was President of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. After graduating he practiced law with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. He later joined a Boston law firm, where he was named a partner at the age of 34. In 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed Patrick Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, where he worked on issues including racial profiling and police misconduct. Patrick returned to Boston in 1997 to work in private law. In the following years he worked as general counsel for Texaco in New York City and Coca-Cola in Atlanta, which were both facing large racial discrimination settlements.
wn.com/Deval_Patrick -
Dolph Briscoe
Dolph Briscoe, Jr. (April 23, 1923 – June 27, 2010) was a Uvalde, Texas rancher and businessman who was the 41st Governor of Texas between 1973 and 1979.
Because of his re-election following an amendment to the Texas Constitution doubling the Governor's term to four years, Briscoe became both the last governor to serve a two-year term and the first to serve a four-year term.
A lifelong resident of Uvalde, Briscoe was first elected to the Texas Legislature in 1948 and served as a state representative from 1949 to 1957. As part of the reform movement in state politics stemming from the Sharpstown scandal, Briscoe won election as governor in 1972. During his six years as governor, Briscoe presided during a period of reform in state government as Texas's population and commerce boomed. Following his two terms as governor, Briscoe returned to the ranching and banking business in Uvalde. He is recognized as having been one of the leading citizens of the state and a benevolent supporter of many civic, cultural, and educational institutions in Texas and the nation. Most recently before his death the former Texas governor established the Dolph and Janey Briscoe Fund for Texas History at the University of Texas at Austin.
wn.com/Dolph_Briscoe -
Earl Ray Tomblin
Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who serves as the 35th and current Governor of West Virginia. Tomblin is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to becoming Governor, Tomblin served as President of the West Virginia State Senate for almost 17 years. He became Acting Governor in 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the US Senate. On October 4, 2011, Tomblin was elected as Governor of West Virginia in a special election to fill the unexpired term ending in January 2013. He will be up for re-election as Governor in November 2012.
Tomblin is the son of Freda M. (née Jarrell) and Earl Tomblin. He has a Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia University where he was a member of Kappa Alpha Order and then went along to receive a Master of Business Administration degree from Marshall University.
Tomblin was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1974, and reelected in 1976 and 1978. He won election to the Senate in 1980 and was subsequently re-elected every four years until his election as governor.
wn.com/Earl_Ray_Tomblin -
Eddie Calvo
Eddie Baza Calvo (born August 29, 1961) is a politician and Governor of the United States territory of Guam since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Calvo was a five-term Senator within the Legislature of Guam. He became the Governor of Guam, having defeated Democrat Carl Gutierrez in the 2010 gubernatorial election. Calvo chose Senator Ray Tenorio as his running mate for Lieutenant Governor of Guam.
Calvo was born on August 29, 1961, in Tamuning, Guam and is the son of Governor Paul McDonald Calvo, who served as the Governor of Guam from 1979 until 1983, and former Guamanian First Lady Rosa Herrero Baza. His paternal grandparents were former Congressman Eduardo Torres Calvo and Veronica Mariano McDonald Calvo, who resided in Maite, Guam. His maternal grandparents were Antonio Camacho Baza, a former United States Marshall, and Delores Cruz Herrero, who resided in Sinajana, Guam.
Calvo initially attended Father Duenas Memorial School in Guam before moving to California, where he graduated from Saint Francis High School in Mountain View, California, in 1979. Calvo received a bachelor's degree in business administration from Notre Dame de Namur University in Belmont, California.
wn.com/Eddie_Calvo -
Fletcher Stockdale
Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale (c. 1823 – 4 February 1890) was a U.S. politician, lawyer, railroad official and Governor of Texas.
Stockdale was born in either 1823 or 1825 in Russellville, Kentucky as one of eight children of Thomas W. and Laurinda Stockdale.
He studied law and was admitted to the Bar in Kentucky. Stockdale moved to Texas in 1846 and settled in Grimes County.
By 1856, Stockdale had moved to Calhoun County, which he represented in the Texas Senate from 1857 to 1861. Stockdale was an executive member of the 1861 Secession Convention that was held in Austin. During 1862 and 1863 he held the position of aide to Governor Francis R. Lubbock.
He was elected Lieutenant Governor in 1863, and served in that post until late May 1865 when he became the Governor of Texas after then-Governor Pendleton Murrah fled to Mexico. Stockdale filled the vacant post of Governor for three months, until provisional governor Andrew J. Hamilton assumed office in August 1865.
Stockdale had served Texas during very troubling times. Lawlessness, Indian attacks, and severe deterioration of the government during the American Civil War had plagued his 18 month tenure as a political executive in Texas.
wn.com/Fletcher_Stockdale -
Frances Newton
Frances Elaine Newton (April 12, 1965 – September 14, 2005) was executed by lethal injection in the state of Texas for the April 7, 1987 murder of her husband, Adrian, 23, her son, Alton, 7, and daughter, Farrah, 21 months.
All three victims were shot with a .25 caliber pistol which belonged to a man that Newton had at the time been seeing. Newton claimed that an illegal drug trade/drug dealer killed the three. The Houston police presented evidence that Newton's husband was a drug dealer and was in debt to his supplier. Newton maintained her innocence from her first interrogation in 1987 until her execution in 2005. However, three weeks before the slayings, Newton had purchased life insurance policies on her husband, her daughter, and herself. These were each worth $50,000. She named herself as beneficiary on her husband's and daughter's policies. Newton claimed she forged her husband's signature to prevent him from discovering that money had been set aside to pay the premiums. Newton was also found to have placed a paper bag containing the murder weapon in a relative's home shortly after the murders. Prosecutors cited these facts as the basis for her motive.
wn.com/Frances_Newton -
Francis Lubbock
Francis Richard Lubbock (October 16, 1815 – June 22, 1905) was the ninth Governor of Texas and was in office during the American Civil War. He was the brother of Thomas Saltus Lubbock, for whom Lubbock County, Texas and the City of Lubbock are named.
Born in Beaufort, South Carolina, Lubbock was a businessman in South Carolina before moving to Texas in 1836. During the Republic of Texas period, President Sam Houston appointed Lubbock to be comptroller.
In 1857, Lubbock was elected lieutenant governor of Texas as a Democrat but failed in his reelection bid in 1859. Following the Confederate secession in 1861, Lubbock won the governorship of Texas. During his tenure, he supported Confederate conscription, working to draft all able-bodied men, including resident aliens, into the Confederate States Army.
When Lubbock's term ended in 1863, he joined the Confederate Army and was appointed to a lieutenant colonel's position, serving under Major General John B. Magruder. By 1864, Lubbock was promoted to aide-de-camp for Jefferson Davis. Following the Confederacy's military collapse Lubbock fled from Richmond, Virginia with Davis. They were soon caught by Union troops in Georgia. He was imprisoned at Fort Delaware for eight months before being paroled.
wn.com/Francis_Lubbock -
Fred Karger
Fred S. Karger (born January 31, 1950) is an American political consultant, gay rights activist and watchdog, former actor, and candidate for the Republican nomination for the 2012 US Presidential election. Although he has not held elected or public office, Karger has worked on nine presidential campaigns and served as a senior consultant to the campaigns of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford. Karger was a partner at the Dolphin Group, a California campaign consulting firm. He retired after 27 years and has since worked as an activist on gay rights causes, from protecting the gay bar The Boom to using his organization Californians Against Hate to investigate the LDS Church's and the National Organization for Marriage's campaigns to repeal the state's same-sex marriage law. His running for the Republican nomination for president makes him the first openly gay presidential candidate from a major political party in American history.
Karger was born in Glencoe, Illinois, the son of Jean (née Foreman), an active community volunteer, and Robert S. Karger, who owned a brokerage firm. Karger graduated from New Trier High School in 1968 and earned a B.A. in speech communications from the University of Denver in 1972. Karger moved to Los Angeles from Chicago and began acting. He appeared in a John Hughes-directed Edge Shave Cream commercial, as well as featured roles in Owen Marshall: Counselor at Large; Rich Man, Poor Man; Horshack! (a pilot for a spinoff from Welcome Back Kotter); and Airport – 1975. However, Karger continued to follow his passion for politics, and eventually landed with the Dolphin Group in 1977.
wn.com/Fred_Karger -
Gary Herbert
Gary Richard Herbert (born May 7, 1947) is the 17th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Utah. Having served as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009, he assumed the governorship on August 11, 2009, following the resignation of Jon Huntsman, Jr., who was appointed United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China by President Barack Obama. Herbert was elected to serve out the remainder of the term in a special election in 2010, defeating his opponent 64%-32%. He is seeking election to a full four-year term in 2012.
Herbert was born to Paul and Carol Peters in American Fork, later being adopted by his stepfather, Duane Barlow Herbert. Governor Herbert grew up in Orem, Utah. He graduated from Orem High School, served a two year mission for the LDS Church in the Eastern States Mission and later attended Brigham Young University, but did not graduate. Herbert is of entirely English descent.
He is married to Jeanette Snelson Herbert; they have six children and thirteen grandchildren.
wn.com/Gary_Herbert -
Gary Johnson
Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American businessman, a former Governor of New Mexico, and the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Johnson served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003, as a member of the Republican Party, and is known for his low-tax libertarian views and his regular participation in triathlons.
Johnson founded one of New Mexico's largest construction companies. He entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a fiscally conservative, low-tax, anti-crime platform. He beat incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King by 50% to 40%. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget: using his gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months in office. His use of the veto over his two terms gained him the nickname "Governor Veto".
Johnson sought re-election in 1998, winning by 55% to 45%. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms, as well as campaigning for marijuana decriminalization. During his tenure as governor, Johnson adhered to an anti-tax and anti-bureaucracy policy, setting state and national records for his use of veto powers: more than the other 49 contemporary governors put together.Term-limited, Johnson could not run for re-election at the end of his second term.
wn.com/Gary_Johnson -
George Taylor Jester
George Taylor Jester (August 23, 1847 – July 19, 1922) served as Lieutenant Governor of Texas from 1895 to 1899. He was born in Macoupin County, Illinois to Levi and Diadema Jester. After his father died in 1858, Jester's mother moved the family, joining her father in Navarro County, Texas.
After trying several professions including merchandising, Jester founded what would become the Corsicana National Bank with two of his brothers. In 1890, he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives and served a term before being elected to the Texas Senate in 1892. After serving his two terms as Lieutenant Governor, Jester returned to Corsicana, where he died in 1922.
Jester's son Beauford served as Governor of Texas from 1947-1949.
wn.com/George_Taylor_Jester -
George Tyler Wood
George Tyler Wood (March 12, 1795 – September 3, 1858) was an American military officer and politician who served as the second Governor of Texas.
Most records dealing with Wood's personal life have been lost due to fire or other causes. As a result many details about his life are unknown. Wood was born near Cuthbert, Georgia on March 12, 1795. His mother was Elizabeth Burris Wood. His father, name unknown, died when he was five. When he was nineteen, Wood raised a company of volunteers for the Creek War and fought in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. According to tradition, Wood met Sam Houston and Edward Burleson during the campaign.
Wood operated a successful dry goods business based in Cuthbert. During a buying trip in 1837 he met a young widow named Martha Gindrat during a stop in Milledgeville, Georgia. The two married on September 18, 1837. The marriage produced two children in addition to the three Martha brought from her previous marriage. Beyond his business interests, Wood was a member of the Georgia General Assembly from 1837–8.
wn.com/George_Tyler_Wood -
Grover Norquist
Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is an American lobbyist, conservative activist, and founder and president of Americans for Tax Reform. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is best known as the promoter of the "Taxpayer Protection Pledge", which was signed by 95% of all Republican Congressmen and all but one of the 2012 Republican presidential candidates, to oppose increases in marginal income tax rates for individuals and businesses, as well as net reductions or eliminations of deductions and credits without a matching reduced tax rate.
Norquist grew up in Weston, Massachusetts. He is the son of Carol (née Lutz) and Warren Elliott Norquist, a vice president of Polaroid Corporation. Norquist became involved with politics at an early age and in his early teenage years he volunteered for the 1968 Nixon campaign, assisting with get out the vote efforts. He graduated from Weston High School and enrolled at Harvard University in 1974, where he obtained both a B.A. and an M.B.A.. While in college, Norquist was an editor at the Harvard Crimson and helped to publish the libertarian-leaning Harvard Chronicle. Norquist has said: "When I became 21, I decided that nobody learned anything about politics after the age of 21." He attended the Leadership Institute in Arlington, Virginia, an organization that teaches conservative Americans how to influence public policy through activism and leadership.
wn.com/Grover_Norquist -
Herman Cain
Herman Cain (born December 13, 1945) is an American author, business executive, radio host, syndicated columnist, and Tea Party activist from Georgia. He was a candidate for the 2012 U.S. Republican Party presidential nomination.
Cain grew up in Georgia and graduated from Morehouse College in 1967 with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics. Cain pursued graduate studies at Purdue University, and graduated with a Master of Science in computer science in 1971, while also working full-time for the U.S. Department of the Navy. In 1977, he joined Pillsbury Company where he later became vice president. During the 1980s, his success as a business executive at Burger King prompted Pillsbury Company to appoint him as chairman and CEO of Godfather's Pizza, in which capacity he served from 1986 to 1996.
Cain was chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch from 1989 to 1991. He was deputy chairman, from 1992 to 1994, and chairman, from 1995 to 1996, of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. In 1995, Cain was appointed by Newt Gingrich to the Kemp Commission, and was a senior economic advisor to the Bob Dole presidential campaign. Cain became the CEO of the National Restaurant Association, in which he served as president and CEO from 1996 to 1999. During the Presidency of Bill Clinton, Cain publicly opposed the Clinton health care plan of 1993, about which he questioned the president at a town hall meeting. Cain has served as a member of the board of directors of several companies, including Aquila, Inc., Nabisco, Whirlpool, Reader's Digest, and AGCO.
wn.com/Herman_Cain -
Humberto Leal Garcia
Humberto Leal García, Jr. (January 16, 1973 – July 7, 2011) was a Mexican inmate on death row in the U.S. state of Texas for the May 21, 1994, rape, torture, and murder of Adria Sauceda in San Antonio. Despite calls from U.S. President Barack Obama, the U.S. State Department and Mexico on Texas for a last-minute reprieve, Leal was executed by lethal injection as scheduled on July 7, 2011.
Leal, a mechanic, was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, and moved to the United States when he was two years old. He suffered from brain damage and was sexually abused by a priest as a child.
On May 21, 1994, Leal kidnapped, raped, and murdered 16-year-old Adria Sauceda. The girl had been at a party and become intoxicated, and a group of men gang-raped her. Leal is said to have offered to drive her home, and the two struggled when Sauceda tried to get out of the car a little distance away from the party. Official court documents state "There was a 30- to 40-pound asphalt rock roughly twice the size of the victim's skull lying partially on the victim's left arm; Blood was underneath this rock. A smaller rock with blood on it was located near the victim's right thigh.” There was also a stick 15 inches (380 mm) in length extending out of her vagina, with a screw at the end. Leal claimed that she fell and hit her head. No one was charged in the gang rape.
wn.com/Humberto_Leal_Garcia -
Jack Dalrymple
John "Jack" Dalrymple (born October 16, 1948) is a North Dakota politician and businessman who is the 32nd and current Governor of North Dakota. He was previously the 36th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota from 2000 until 2010 when Governor John Hoeven resigned, making Dalrymple Governor. He has also served as a state representative, and ran for the U.S. Senate twice.
Dalrymple was born on October 16, 1948 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and graduated from The Blake School, a prestigious prep school in 1966. He grew up in Casselton, North Dakota on his family's farm, which was established in 1875 as the state's first large-scale wheat farm. He graduated with honors from Yale University, with a B.S. in American Studies. He then returned to North Dakota to manage the farming operations.[not in citation given]
He served on the Casselton Jobs Development Commission, and helped to found Share House, Inc., a Fargo residential treatment program for those recovering from alcohol or drug dependencies. He is a former chairman of the Board for Prairie Public Television, and he was named the Outstanding Young Farmer of the United States of America in 1983.
wn.com/Jack_Dalrymple -
Jack Fellure
Lowell Jackson "Jack" Fellure (born October 3, 1931) is an American perennial political candidate and retired engineer. He is the presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party for the 2012 presidential election.
Fellure has formally campaigned for President of the United States in every presidential election since 1988 as a member of the Republican Party. He asserts on his campaign website that his platform based on the 1611 Authorized King James Bible has never changed. As a candidate, he calls for the elimination of the liquor industry, abortion and pornography, and advocates the teaching of the Bible in public schools and criminalization of homosexuality. He has blamed the ills of society on those he has characterized as "atheists, Marxists, liberals, queers, liars, draft dodgers, flag burners, dope addicts, sex perverts and anti-Christians."
In 1992, Fellure filed to run in the New Hampshire, West Virginia and Kansas Republican primaries. By November 1991, he had spent $40,000 of his own money on the campaign, and he sent a King James Bible to the FEC as a copy of his platform. Regarding the 1611 English version of the Bible, translated by 47 Church of England scholars at the request of King James, he said, "God wrote it as the supreme document and final authority in the affairs of all men, nations and civilizations, for time and eternity... It shall never be necessary to change it." He received 36 votes in the New Hampshire primary and complained that President George H.W. Bush and commentator Pat Buchanan were receiving all the media attention.
wn.com/Jack_Fellure -
Jack Markell
Jack A. Markell (born November 26, 1960) is an American businessman and politician who has been Governor of Delaware since 2009. Markell, a member of the Democratic Party from Centreville, in New Castle County, Delaware, served as State Treasurer of Delaware from 1999 to 2009 and was elected as the 73rd Governor of Delaware in November 2008. Now in his first term, he is the state's first Jewish governor. On December 2, 2009, it was announced that Markell would follow Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer as Chair of the Democratic Governors Association for the 2009–2010 term.
Markell grew up in Newark, Delaware, and graduated from Newark High School and Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, earning degrees in economics and development studies and receiving an MBA degree from the University of Chicago. As a child, he attended Camp Galil, a summer camp in the Labor Zionist youth movement, Habonim Dror. He is married to Carla Markell, and has two children, Molly and Michael.
Markell served as Vice President for Corporate Development at Nextel, and helped to lead the movement to wireless technology. His other work experience included a senior management position at Comcast Corporation as well as posts as a consultant at McKinsey and Company, Inc. and as a banker at First Chicago Corporation.
wn.com/Jack_Markell -
James Allred
James V. Allred (March 29, 1899 – September 24, 1959) was a United States politician who served as the 33rd Governor of Texas during the New Deal era. He was thereafter a United States federal judge. He is remembered for his unwavering support of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Christened James Burr V Allred, Allred was born in Bowie in Montague County in northeastern Texas. Burr and V were the names of his uncles. He was known as "Vee" until he enlisted in the United States Navy in 1918. The Navy clerks had no intention of typing his full name on forms, so he was listed as "Allred, James V," the Roman numeral "V" being mistaken for the letter "V." Allred had no problem with the change, and used the altered form of his name the rest of his life.
Allred had enrolled in Rice Institute in 1917 but left school soon thereafter because of financial problems. He served in the U.S. Immigration Service for a short while before enlisting in the Navy World War I.
After the war he clerked in a law office in Wichita Falls, Texas, obtained a law degree in 1921 from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee, and began a private law practice in Wichita Falls.
wn.com/James_Allred -
James Hedges
James (Jim) Hedges (born 1939) is a Prohibition activist and the former Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania. He holds the distinction as the only individual to be elected to public office from the Prohibition Party in the 21st century, and the first since 1959. He vied for the Prohibition Party's 2012 presidential nomination, but lost to Jack Fellure.
Hedges earned a Bachelor of Arts in Musical Performance from the University of Iowa and holds a Master's degree in Geography from the University of Maryland. He served in the United States Marine Band as a tuba performer and worked as editor of The National Speleological Society Bulletin.
In high school, Hedges became interested in the Prohibition Party after reading an article in a newspaper. By the 1980s, he became active in the party, and rose to the position of Executive Secretary in 2003. In 2005, he was selected as the Secretary of the Partisan Prohibition Historical Society.
Prior to the 2004 presidential election, Hedges was involved in a schism within the party stemming from alleged misuse of funds and mismanagement by Earl Dodge, the party's long-time face. Notably, Hedges and others claimed that Dodge sold the party's headquarters for $119,500 in 1999 with intent to build on his own property, but that he instead kept the money for himself and moved the headquarters to a tool shed. Dodge countered that Hedges and others were simply disgruntled with their position in the party, and that he placed the funds in a separate party account. Nevertheless, Hedges and his faction formed the Concerns of the People (Prohibition) Party to counter Dodge, and nominated Washington anti-Alcohol activist and preacher Gene Amondson for President. Both Dodge and Hedges claimed their parties were the authentic Prohibition Party. The split abruptly came to an end in 2007 after Dodge's death, and the reunified party again nominated Amondson for president for the 2008 election.
wn.com/James_Hedges -
Jan Brewer
Janice Kay "Jan" Brewer (born September 26, 1944) is the 22nd and current Governor of the U.S. state of Arizona and a member of the Republican Party. She is the fourth woman, and third consecutive woman, to hold the office. Brewer previously served as Secretary of State of Arizona, from January 2003 until then-Governor Janet Napolitano resigned after being selected as Secretary of Homeland Security in January 2009. Brewer became Governor of Arizona as part of the line of succession, as determined by the Arizona constitution.
Born in California, Brewer attended Glendale Community College where she received a radiological technologist certificate, but never earned a degree. She has served as a State Senator and State Representative for Arizona, from 1983 to 1996. Brewer also served as Chairman of the Maricopa County Board of Supervisors, before running for Arizona Secretary of State in 2002.
Brewer came into the national spotlight when, on April 23, 2010, she signed the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act. The act makes it a state misdemeanor crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying registration documents required by federal law, authorizes state and local law enforcement of federal immigration laws, and cracks down on those sheltering, hiring and transporting illegal aliens. Brewer sought a full term as Governor of Arizona in the 2010 Arizona gubernatorial election, and was elected on November 3, 2010, winning with 55% of the vote over Democrat Terry Goddard's 42%.
wn.com/Jan_Brewer -
Jay Nixon
Jeremiah Wilson "Jay" Nixon (born February 13, 1956) is the 55th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Missouri. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as Missouri's Attorney General before his election in 2008.
Nixon is a lifelong resident of De Soto, a suburb of St. Louis, where he was born. His mother, Betty Lea (née Willson), was a teacher and president of the local school board, and his father, Jeremiah "Jerry" Nixon, served as the city's mayor. One of his paternal great-great-grandfathers was the brother of Democratic U.S. Senator Benjamin F. Jonas, of Louisiana. He graduated from the University of Missouri in 1978, later earning a law degree from the same institution.
After a period of private practice in his hometown, he was elected to the Missouri Senate from a district in Jefferson County, serving for three terms.
He made his first bid for statewide office in 1988, an unsuccessful effort to oust incumbent U.S. Senator John Danforth. Nixon only won 32% of the vote compared to Danforth's 68%--at the time, the most lopsided defeat a Democrat had suffered in a statewide race in Missouri history.
wn.com/Jay_Nixon -
Jerry Brown
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American politician. Brown served as the 34th Governor of California (1975–83), and is currently serving as the 39th California Governor (2011–present). He is the son of Pat Brown, the 32nd Governor of California (1959–67).
Both before and after his first two terms as governor, Brown was elected to a number of state, local and party offices. Brown previously served as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971), Secretary of State of California (1971–1975), chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989–1991), Mayor of Oakland (1999–2007) and Attorney General of California (2007–2011).
At the time of his election to a third, non-consecutive term as governor, on November 2, 2010, Brown was serving as the 31st Attorney General of California, an elected position. Brown was formally inaugurated as governor on January 3, 2011, the 28th anniversary of the end of his last term. During his first term (as California's 34th Governor), he was the sixth-youngest Governor of that state. Upon his inauguration as California's 39th Governor, he became its oldest serving governor. At the age of 74, Brown is also the oldest currently serving governor in the United States.
wn.com/Jerry_Brown -
Jesse Jackson
Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. (born October 8, 1941) is an African-American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 and served as shadow senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. He was the founder of both entities that merged to form Rainbow/PUSH. Representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. is his eldest son. In an AP-AOL "Black Voices" poll in February 2006, Jackson was voted "the most important black leader".
Jackson was born Jesse Louis Burns in Greenville, South Carolina, to Helen Burns, a 16-year-old single mother. His biological father, Noah Louis Robinson, a former professional boxer and a prominent figure in the community, was married to another woman when Jesse was born. He was not involved in his son's life, and died January 28, 1997 in Greenville, S.C. In 1943, two years after Jesse's birth, his mother married Charles Henry Jackson, who would adopt Jesse 14 years later. Jesse went on to take the surname of his stepfather.
wn.com/Jesse_Jackson -
Jesus
Jesus ( /ˈdʒiːzəs/; Greek: Ἰησοῦς; 7–2 BC/BCE to 30–36 AD/CE), also referred to as Jesus Christ or simply Christ, is the central figure of Christianity and most Christian denominations venerate him as God the Son incarnated. In Islam, Jesus (in Arabic: عيسى in Islamic usage, commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered one of God's important prophets.
Most modern historians agree that Jesus existed and was a Jewish teacher from Galilee in Roman Judaea, who was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on the orders of the Roman Prefect, Pontius Pilate. Scholars have offered competing descriptions and portraits of Jesus, which at times share a number of overlapping attributes, such as a rabbi, a charismatic healer, the leader of an apocalyptic movement, a self-described Messiah, a sage and philosopher, or a social reformer who preached of the "Kingdom of God" as a means for personal and egalitarian social transformation. Scholars have correlated the New Testament accounts with non-Christian historical records to arrive at an estimated chronology of Jesus' life.
wn.com/Jesus -
Jill Stein
Jill Stein (born 1950) is an American physician and candidate for President of the United States in 2012 with the Green Party of the United States. Stein was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in the 2002 and the 2010 gubernatorial elections. Stein is a resident of Lexington, Massachusetts and a 1979 graduate of Harvard Medical School. She serves on the boards of Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility and MassVoters for Fair Elections, and has been active with the Massachusetts Coalition for Healthy Communities.
In October 2011, Stein announced her candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Green Party in the 2012 general election.
Stein advocates for the creation of a "Green New Deal", the objective of which would be to employ "every American willing and able to work" to address "climate change...[and the] converging water, soil, fisheries, forest, and fossil fuel crises" by working towards "sustainable energy, transportation and production infrastructure: clean renewable energy generation, energy efficiency, intra-city mass transit and inter-city railroads, “complete streets” that safely encourage bike and pedestrian traffic, regional food systems based on sustainable organic agriculture, and clean manufacturing of the goods needed to support this sustainable economy". The initial cost of the Green New Deal would be funded by various mechanisms, including "taxing Wall Street speculation, off shore tax havens, millionaires and multimillion dollar estates" as well as a 30% reduction in the U.S. military budget. She cites a study of the economic effects of the 1930s New Deal projects by Dr. Phillip Harvey, Professor of Law & Economics at Rutgers School of Law as academic evidence for the Green New Deal.
wn.com/Jill_Stein -
Jim Clymer
James N. Clymer (born May 4, 1948) is the 2012 Vice presidential nominee of the United States Constitution Party and former party chairman.
He grew up in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and earned a law degree. He was admitted into the Bar in Pennsylvania in May 1978. In 1986 he was appointed Chairman of the Bob Smith for Senate Committee. In 1992 he would join the Libertarian Party and run as their candidate for Pennsylvania Auditor General. He also ran unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor in 1994 and 1998, attaining 13% and 10.5% respectively. He ran for a United States Senate seat in 2004, which gathered nearly 4% of the vote against Arlen Specter and Joe Hoeffel. He received 214,837 votes, which may have at the time been the second highest number of votes any Constitution Party member has received, after the 460,269 votes for Peg Luksik's 1994 gubernatorial bid received. He somewhat was able to gain support from conservative, pro-life Republicans who had voted for Pat Toomey in the close Senate Primary against Arlen Specter, who is more liberal, especially on social issues. He also gained the endorsement of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Clymer unlike many minor party candidates was invited to participate in the televised U.S. Senate Debate.
wn.com/Jim_Clymer -
Jim Duensing
Raymond James "Jim" Duensing (born April 19, 1975) is an American activist, perennial political candidate, attorney, talk radio host and political pundit. He is the presidential nominee of the Boston Tea Party in the 2012 general election.
Duensing, a lawyer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, is host of The Jim Duensing Show, a political commentary and talk show on BlogTalkRadio, and periodically posts social and political commentaries on his personal website. He is a former chairman of the Libertarian Party of Nevada. Duensing has served as a community organizer for the Las Vegas-based activist group Sin City militia, and has been active in the Occupy Las Vegas movement.
Duensing has run for the U.S. House of Representatives three times in Nevada's 1st congressional district as a Libertarian, in 2004, 2006, and 2008. In all three races, he was defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative Shelley Berkley.
In January 2011, Duensing declared his candidacy for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party. He then withdrew his candidacy later that year to support the campaign of Republican presidential hopeful Ron Paul.
wn.com/Jim_Duensing -
Jim Hightower
James Allen "Jim" Hightower (born January 11, 1943) is an American syndicated columnist, liberal political activist, and author who served from 1983 to 1991 as the elected commissioner of the Texas Department of Agriculture.
Born in Denison in Grayson County in north Texas, Hightower came from a working class background. He worked his way through college as assistant general manager of the Denton Chamber of Commerce and later landed a spot as a management trainee for the State Department. He received a Bachelor of Arts in government from the University of North Texas in Denton, where he served as student body president. He later did graduate work at Columbia University in New York City in international affairs.
wn.com/Jim_Hightower -
Jim Hogg
James Stephen "Big Jim" Hogg (March 24, 1851 – March 3, 1906) was a Texas lawyer, doctor and statesman, and the 20th Governor of Texas. He was born near Rusk, Texas. Hogg was a follower of the conservative New South Creed which became popular following the U.S. Civil War, and was also associated with populism. He was the first Texas Governor to have been born in Texas. Jim Hogg County is named after him.
Hogg is often remembered for naming his daughter Ima Hogg, an odd name which derived from a poem written by James' brother, Thomas Elisha Hogg. The story that she had a sister named "Ura" is an urban legend.
Hogg was born in Cherokee County, Texas. His parents, Joseph Lewis Hogg and Lucanda McMath had moved to Texas in late 1836. During the Civil War, his father served as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army. Joseph Hogg died in 1862, and Lucanda died the following year. Hogg and his two brothers were raised by their sister, Frances. The family had little money, and Hogg received only a basic education before being asked to go to work.
wn.com/Jim_Hogg -
Jimmy McMillan
James "Jimmy" McMillan III (born December 1, 1946) is an American political activist, perennial candidate, and Vietnam War veteran, as well as a former postal worker and private investigator from Brooklyn, New York. He is best known as the founder of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party, a New York-based political party. McMillan has run for office at least six times since 1993, including in the 2010 New York gubernatorial election on the "Rent Is 2 Damn High" line. He declared on December 23, 2010, that he would run in the 2012 U.S. presidential election as a Republican.
McMillan's first run for political office came in 1993, when he ran for Mayor of New York on the Rent Is Too Damn High ticket. In the course of that campaign, McMillan was at one point tied to a tree and doused with gasoline; he would later climb the Brooklyn Bridge and refuse to come down from it unless television stations broadcast his message. He was ultimately disqualified from the ballot for coming 300 petition signatures short of the 7,500 needed to qualify for the general election ballot.
wn.com/Jimmy_McMillan -
Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. (pronunciation: /ˈdʒoʊsɨf rɒbɨˈnɛt ˈbaɪdən/; born November 20, 1942) is the 47th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Barack Obama. A Democrat, he was a United States Senator from Delaware from January 3, 1973 until his resignation on January 15, 2009, following his election to the Vice Presidency.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a county council in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation, and is the 15th-longest serving Senator in history. Biden was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the Bosnian War. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991. He voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, and led creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and Violence Against Women Act. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.
wn.com/Joe_Biden -
Joe Schriner
Joe Schriner (born March 3, 1955) is an American politician and journalist. He has run as an independent candidate for President of the United States in four consecutive election cycles. He ran in 2000,2004,2008, and is running in 2012.
Schriner and his family have traveled some 82,000 campaign miles. Since 1991, he has done extensive cross-country research for an expansive set of position papers. Schriner has been featured in some 2,000 newspapers, 175 regional network TV news shows, and hundreds of radio shows. He has written three books: Back Road to the White House, America's Best Town and America's Best Town 2. Schriner bills himself as an "average Joe concerned parent from the Midwest."
wn.com/Joe_Schriner -
John Alexander Greer
John Alexander Greer (July 18, 1802 – July 4, 1855) was a Texan politician, and the second Lieutenant Governor of Texas.
Greer was born at Shelbyville, Tennessee on July 18, 1802. He was in Kentucky before moving to Texas in 1830. He represented San Augustine as a senator in the Congress of the Republic of Texas from 1837–1845. Anson Jones, the last president of the Republic of Texas, appointed him as secretary of the treasury in July 1845. He was the Lieutenant Governor of Texas from 1847–1851. He died on July 4, 1855.
wn.com/John_Alexander_Greer -
John Boehner
John Andrew Boehner ( /ˈbeɪnər/ BAY-nər; born November 17, 1949) is the 61st and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, he is the U.S. Representative from Ohio's 8th congressional district, serving since 1991. The district includes several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton, and a small portion of Dayton itself.
Boehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. As Speaker of the House, Boehner is second in line to the presidency of the United States following the Vice President in accordance with the Presidential Succession Act.
Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio, the son of Mary Anne (née Hall) and Earl Henry Boehner, the second of twelve children. His father was of German descent and his mother had German and Irish ancestry. He grew up in modest circumstances, having shared one bathroom with his eleven siblings in a two-bedroom house in Cincinnati. His parents slept on a pull-out couch. He started working at his family's bar at age 8, a business founded by their grandfather Andy Boehner in 1938. He has lived in Southwest Ohio his entire life. All but two of his siblings still live within a few miles of each other; two are unemployed and most of the others have blue-collar jobs.
wn.com/John_Boehner -
John Connally
John Bowden Connally, Jr. (February 27, 1917 – June 15, 1993), was an influential American politician, serving as the 39th governor of Texas, Secretary of the Navy under President John F. Kennedy, and as Secretary of the Treasury under President Richard M. Nixon. While he was Governor in 1963, Connally was a passenger in the car in which President Kennedy was assassinated. Connally was seriously wounded during the shooting.
Connally was born into a large family in Floresville, the seat of Wilson County southeast of San Antonio. He was one of seven children born to Lela (née Wright) and John Bowden Connally, Sr., a dairy and tenant farmer. At the time, Connally was among the few Floresville High School graduates who attended college. He graduated from the University of Texas at Austin, where he was the student body president and a member of the Friar Society. He subsequently graduated from the University of Texas School of Law and was admitted to the bar by examination.
Connally served in the United States Navy during World War II, first as an aide to James V. Forrestal, then as part of the planning staff for the invasion of Africa by General Dwight D. Eisenhower. He transferred to the South Pacific Theater, where he served with distinction. He was a fighter-plane director aboard the aircraft carrier USS Essex and won a Bronze Star for bravery. He was shifted to another Essex class aircraft carrier, the USS Bennington and won a Legion of Merit. He was also involved in the campaigns in the Gilbert, Marshall, Ryukyu, and Philippine islands. He was discharged in 1946 at the rank of lieutenant commander.
wn.com/John_Connally -
John de Jongh
John Percy de Jongh, Jr. (born November 13, 1957) is the current Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Governor John P. de Jongh, Jr. was born in Brooklyn, New York. As a child he attended Sts. Peter and Paul School on St. Thomas. After his parents' divorce, he lived with his mother in Detroit, Michigan while his mother did social work for the Detroit Public Schools. During the summer, de Jongh would return to St. Thomas to assist in his father's law firm. He earned an economics degree from Antioch College in Ohio.
De Jongh is a product of Catholic schooling, attending such institutions both on the island and in the United States. During college, he was able to study abroad, and completed an urban study in Yugoslavia and The Netherlands. After graduating from college, de Jongh returned to his ancestral Virgin Islands. He worked for several years as a member of the Economic Development Council, during which he helped receive funding for the preservation of historic Virgin Island buildings, before taking a job with Chase Manhattan. de Jongh first worked as an executive in the company's San Juan, Puerto Rico office before once again returning to the Virgin Islands after earning the position of Consumer Manager of Operations in both the U.S. and British Virgin Islands. Under his leadership, Chase placed more emphasis on personal over corporate banking in the Caribbean and increased home mortgage lending.
wn.com/John_de_Jongh -
John Hickenlooper
John Wright Hickenlooper (born February 7, 1952) is an American politician and current Governor of Colorado. A Democrat, he was previously the Mayor of Denver, Colorado from 2003 to 2011.
Hickenlooper was born in Narberth, Pennsylvania, just outside of Philadelphia, part of the suburban Main Line. Hickenlooper was raised by his mother after his father died young. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University where he received a B.A. in English in 1974 and a master’s degree in geology in 1980.
Before becoming mayor in July 2003 he was a geologist turned entrepreneur. He is often considered a prominent figure in the LoDo urban renewal period during the early 1990s. Hickenlooper owned several restaurants in LoDo in the late 1980s, before the area's renewal. He was one of the founders of the original Wynkoop Brewing Company brewpub; these and others companies contributed to the redevelopment of the area following the arrival of major league baseball in the neighborhood. The area had been known to be dangerous; Hickenlooper is quoted as saying, "I must've had rocks in my head." The rent for Wynkoop's real estate was $1 per square foot per year.
wn.com/John_Hickenlooper -
John Kasich
John Richard Kasich (pronounced /ˈkeɪsɨk/; born May 13, 1952) is the 69th and current Governor of Ohio. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 12th congressional district from 1983 to 2001. He was a commentator on Fox News Channel, hosting Heartland with John Kasich, from 2001 to 2007.
In the 2010 Ohio gubernatorial election, Kasich narrowly defeated Democratic incumbent Ted Strickland, receiving 49% of the vote.
Kasich was born in Pittsburgh area industrial town of McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, the son of Anne and John Kasich, who worked as a mail carrier. His father was of Czechoslovakian descent and his mother was of Croatian ancestry. After attending public schools in McKees Rocks, he enrolled at The Ohio State University, where he joined the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Ohio State in 1974.
He originally worked as a researcher for the Ohio Legislative Service Commission. From 1975 to 1978, he served as an administrative assistant to then-state Senator Buz Lukens.
wn.com/John_Kasich -
John Kitzhaber
John Albert Kitzhaber (born March 5, 1947) is the 37th and current Governor of Oregon. He served as the 35th Governor of Oregon from 1995 to 2003 and became the first person to be elected to the office three times when he was re-elected to a non-consecutive third term in 2010. Prior to becoming a politician in Oregon, he was a practicing physician.
First elected to the Oregon House of Representatives, Kitzhaber served in the Oregon State Senate for twelve years, eight of them as Senate President. In 1994, Kitzhaber ran for Governor, winning comfortably. He was re-elected in 1998 by a wide margin. After completing his second term, Kitzhaber returned to medicine and campaigned for better public access to health care. Kitzhaber ran for a third term in 2010, narrowly defeating the Republican nominee, former NBA player Chris Dudley.
Born on March 5, 1947 to Albert and Annabel Kitzhaber he graduated from South Eugene High School in 1965, Dartmouth College in 1969 and Oregon Health & Science University with a medical degree in 1973. Kitzhaber practiced medicine from 1973 to 1986 in Roseburg, Oregon as an emergency room physician.
wn.com/John_Kitzhaber -
John Lee Smith
John Lee Smith (1894–1963) was the 32nd Lieutenant Governor of Texas during World War II and a vocal opponent of Texas labor unions during his tenure.
Born May 16, 1894 at Chico, Texas, and raised in Throckmorton, Texas, Smith was educated at Stanford University and West Texas State Teachers College before teaching school. In 1918, he went to France as a member of American Expeditionary Forces; while overseas, he also studied at a French university. Upon his return, he studied law at Chautauqua, New York, and went back to Throckmorton to practice law.
In 1920, Smith was elected Throckmorton County Judge and was the youngest judge in Texas at the time. He served until 1926, and then spent five years as a lawyer with the state education department in Austin. Smith returned to the private practice of law in 1931.
Smith was elected to the Texas Senate in 1940, and ran for and won the lieutenant governorship in 1942. He was reelected in 1944. While in the Legislature, both as member and presiding officer of the Senate, Smith was a critic of the closed shop; he supported legislation that would prohibit a person from interfering with another person's right to engage in a lawful occupation. He also supported a provision that would make it a felony for any union laborer to commit an act of violence while on strike and the Manford Act of 1943, a union regulation bill.
wn.com/John_Lee_Smith -
John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
wn.com/John_McCain -
Jonathon Sharkey
Jonathon (originally John) Albert "The Impaler" Sharkey (born April 2, 1964) is an American professional wrestler and perennial candidate. He resides in Florida and initially attempted to run for President as a Republican in 2012. On August 24, 2011, he formally ended his presidential campaign, but states that he has "all intentions of running in 2020."
He formerly lived in Minnesota but moved to Florida in 2010. Sharkey has three living children, and a fourth child who is now deceased. He also has a grandson. Sharkey says that he has never dated anyone over 19 years old since 2006. Sharkey drinks his girlfriends' blood and one of his former girlfriends, Audrianna Foster, has claimed to be a vampire herself.
Sharkey began wrestling in 1988. He began his career with Larry Sharpe's WWA promotion, facing "Diamond Jim" Brady in a boxer vs. wrestler match. Following this, he worked with a number of other wrestling promoters including Rocky Johnson, father of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. He cites his greatest wrestling influences as Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat.
wn.com/Jonathon_Sharkey -
José Medellín
José Ernesto Medellín, (March 4, 1975 – August 5, 2008) born in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, was a Mexican national who was executed for the murder of Jennifer Ertman and Elizabeth Peña in Texas in the United States.
Medellín was convicted of raping and killing 16-year-old Elizabeth Peña and 14-year-old Jennifer Ertman in June, 1993.
His case gained notoriety when Mexico sued the United States in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on behalf of 51 Mexican nationals asserting that, in these cases, the US had violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, which requires that local authorities inform foreign nationals being held on criminal charges of their right to consult with their country’s diplomats. That court ruled that the United States was obliged to have the defendants’ cases reopened and reconsidered. The Supreme Court of the United States agreed to hear the case on May 1, 2007.
The Bush administration briefed the Supreme Court on the obligation to comply with international treaties. On March 25, 2008 in Medellín v. Texas, the US Supreme Court rejected the Bush administration's arguments and cleared the way for Texas to execute the sentence. The ICJ subsequently ruled that the United States had violated its treaty obligations.
wn.com/José_Medellín -
Karl Rove
Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff to former President George W. Bush until Rove's resignation on August 31, 2007. He has headed the Office of Political Affairs, the Office of Public Liaison, and the White House Office of Strategic Initiatives. Since leaving the White House, Rove has worked as a political analyst and contributor for Fox News, Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal.
Prior to his White House appointments, Rove was a Republican political consultant and strategist. He is credited with the 1994 and 1998 Texas gubernatorial victories of George W. Bush, as well as Bush's 2000 and 2004 successful presidential campaigns. In his 2004 victory speech Bush referred to Rove as "the Architect". Rove has also been credited for the successful campaigns of John Ashcroft (1994 U.S. Senate election), Bill Clements (1986 Texas gubernatorial election), Senator John Cornyn (2002 U.S. Senate election), Governor Rick Perry (1990 Texas Agriculture Commission election), and Phil Gramm (1982 U.S. House and 1984 U.S. Senate elections).
wn.com/Karl_Rove -
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Kay Bailey Hutchison (born Kathryn Ann Bailey; July 22, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Texas. She is a member of the Republican Party. In 2001, she was named one of the thirty most powerful women in America by Ladies Home Journal. The first woman to represent Texas in the U.S. Senate, Hutchison also became the first Texas U.S. senator to receive more than four million votes in a single election.
Hutchison is the most senior female Republican senator, and fifth most senior female senator, having assumed office in June 1993 behind Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD, 1987), Dianne Feinstein (D-CA, 1992), Barbara Boxer (D-CA, Jan. 1993), and Patty Murray (D-WA, Jan. 1993).
Hutchison was born Kathryn Ann Bailey in Galveston, the daughter of Kathryn Ella (née Sharp) and Allan Abner Bailey, Jr., an insurance agent. She has two brothers, Allan and Frank. Hutchison grew up in La Marque, Texas.
She married her first husband, John Pierce Parks, a medical student, on April 8, 1967; they divorced in 1969. She married her present (second) husband, Ray Hutchison, in Dallas on March 16, 1978. They have two adopted children: Kathryn Bailey and Houston Taylor, both adopted in 2001. She also has two stepdaughters, Brenda and Julie, from her husband's previous marriage. Ray Hutchison is a former member of the Texas Legislature, a former state Republican chairman, and ran an unsuccessful bid for the Texas governorship, having lost the Republican nomination in 1978 to Bill Clements, a senior partner with the law firm of Vinson & Elkins, of Dallas.
wn.com/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison -
Keith Russell Judd
Keith Russell Judd (born May 23, 1958) is an American inmate at Beaumont Federal Correctional Institution in Texarkana, Texas and a perennial candidate for political office. Judd claims to have run for President of the United States in every election since 1996. He also claims to have run for mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Governor of New Mexico.
In 1999 Judd was convicted of two counts of "mailing a threatening communication with intent to extort money or something of value" and sentenced to 210 months (17½ years) in federal prison. The convictions stemmed from an incident in which he made threats at the University of New Mexico. He has appealed his conviction no less than 36 times, but each appeal has been dismissed for various reasons.
In 2008 he filed to run as a Democrat for President of the United States in 14 states but only appeared on the ballot in Idaho. Judd finished third in the May 27, 2008, non-binding Idaho Democratic presidential preference primary with 1.7 percent of the vote, behind Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. No delegates to the Democratic National Convention were at stake in the primary as Idaho's delegation was determined at the February 5 Democratic caucus, which Judd unsuccessfully contested.
wn.com/Keith_Russell_Judd -
Kenneth Foster
Kenneth Foster, Jr. (born October 22, 1976) is a prisoner formerly on death row in Texas, convicted under the law of parties. He was convicted of murdering Michael LaHood in August 1996. His conviction and execution were contested because he was convicted under a law of parties, not for physically committing the crime.
Texas Governor Rick Perry commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment only three hours before the execution was scheduled to take place on August 30, 2007. Kenneth Foster, Jr. will be eligible for parole in 2037. He is currently located at the Byrd Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice to be reprocessed as a general population prisoner.
wn.com/Kenneth_Foster -
Kent Mesplay
Kent Mesplay (born July 19, 1962) is the California delegate to the Green National Committee and unsuccessfully sought the 2004 Green Party Presidential nomination which he lost again in 2008.
Mesplay was born and raised in Papua New Guinea to Lutheran Missionary parents. He graduated Valedictorian from Mira Mesa High School in 1980. In college, he studied Western and non-Western medicine, earning a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Northwestern University and he obtained an undergrad degree in Engineering from Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California. After graduate school, Mesplay suffered through a long period of unemployment as he worked to develop a funded position for himself at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, in Long Beach, California, before moving to La Mesa and teaching mathematics in the Grossmont Union High School District. He currently works as an Air Quality Inspector at the Air Pollution Control District, in San Diego.
Mesplay became a Green Party of California delegate to the Green National Committee in 2004 [1]. Previously, he was elected Treasurer of the Green Party County Council, San Diego, which he served as from 1996-1997. During the same period, he was the co-chair of the Communications Committee, Green Party County Council, San Diego.
wn.com/Kent_Mesplay -
Kinky Friedman
Richard S. "Kinky" Friedman (born November 1, 1944) is an American Texas Country singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and former columnist for Texas Monthly who styles himself in the mold of popular American satirists Will Rogers and Mark Twain. He was one of two independent candidates in the 2006 election for the office of Governor of Texas. Receiving 12.6% of the vote, Friedman placed fourth in the six-person race.
Friedman was born in Chicago to Jewish parents, Dr. S. Thomas Friedman and his wife Minnie (Samet) Friedman. The family moved to a ranch in central Texas a few years later. Friedman had an early interest in both music and chess, and was chosen at age 7 as one of 50 local players to challenge U.S. grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky to simultaneous games in Houston. Reshevsky won all 50 games, but Friedman was by far the youngest competitor.
Friedman graduated from Austin High School in Austin, Texas in 1962 and earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, majoring in Psychology. He took part in the Plan II Honors program and was a member of the Tau Delta Phi fraternity. During his freshman year, Chinga Chavin gave Friedman the nickname "Kinky" because of his curly hair.
wn.com/Kinky_Friedman -
Laurence Kotlikoff
Laurence Jacob Kotlikoff (born January 30, 1951) is a William Warren FairField Professor at Boston University, a Professor of Economics at Boston University, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a former Senior Economist, President’s Council of Economic Advisers, and President of Economic Security Planning, Inc., a company that markets ESPlanner - an economics-based personal financial planning software program, a simplified version of which is available on-line for free use by the public.
Kotlikoff is running for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He is seeking the nominations of the advocacy group Americans Elect and the Reform Party of the United States.
Kotlikoff has written that the economic future is bleak for the United States without tax reform, health care reform, and Social Security reform in his book The Coming Generational Storm and other publications.
wn.com/Laurence_Kotlikoff -
Laurie Roth
Laurie Roth is an American radio talk show host and political commentator. She hosts the nationally syndicated political talk show, The Roth Show. Roth is a candidate for President of the United States in the 2012 election, seeking the nomination of the American Independent Party. She also unsuccessfully sought the 2012 nomination of the Constitution Party.
Roth has Ph.D. in counseling. She was a professional singer-songwriter in the early to mid-1990s, and was the host and co-producer of the PBS music show CD Highway from 1995 to 2000.
Roth began her career in in talk radio by doing a guest stint on KGA-AM in Spokane, Washington in 2001. She then had her own show on KPLS in Los Angeles, California.
Dubbing herself the "Annie Oakley of the Airwaves", Roth has hosted the nationally nationally syndicated The Roth Show, a conservative political commentary program, since it began in 2003 on KQNT in Spokane. The program is broadcast weekdays from the studios of flagship station KSBN in Spokane to over 50 stations nationwide.
wn.com/Laurie_Roth -
Lee Abramson
Lee Abramson (born September 13, 1970) is an American composer and musician. He was diagnosed with progressive muscular atrophy in February 2005. He is also the first person to write music using ModelTalker, a computerized speech production program. Abramson uses adaptive technology, live musicians and electronic technology to create complex musical expressions, all with one finger. His music features layers of electronic textures, synthesizers, piano, bass, and percussion. His music was recently used as a subject for study in a Michigan State University class. Because of his disability, which limits his ability to control a computer to the use of only one finger, Abramson writes music one note at a time using software such as Sibelius, LogicPro, ModelTalker to use computer recordings of his voice to "sing" on songs, Keystrokes from Assistiveware as an on-screen keyboard, and Dreamweaver for web design.
He is an independent candidate for President of the United States in 2012.
Prior to his physical illness, Abramson was the bassist for numerous small bands, including Violet Wine and Punchy. His recent creations are classified as Rumi music, where he sets Rumi poetry to music. Abramson has performed under several noms de plume, including Ace NoFace, under which he wrote and produced the album Toxic Charm. In addition, under Rumi Music, he produced a self-entitled album, Rumi Music and later, Vow to Silence.
wn.com/Lee_Abramson -
Lena Guerrero
Lena Guerrero Aguirre (November 27, 1957 – April 24, 2008), known as Lena Guerrero, was the first woman and the first person of ethnic minority background to have served on the Texas Railroad Commission, an elected body which currently regulates the oil and natural gas industry. In 1992, her once promising political career ended over a falsified résumé. Sixteen years later, she died of brain cancer at the age of fifty.
Guerrero was the fifth of nine children born to Alvaro Guerrero (1918–1969) and the former[clarification needed] Adela Salazar (born ca. 1921) in Mission near McAllen in the Rio Grande Valley. As a child in the 1960s, Lena worked during summers as a migrant laborer alongside her eight siblings.
As a student at the University of Texas at Austin in the late 1970s, Guerrero became interested in politics. At the age of twenty-one in 1979, she was elected president of the Young Democrats of Texas. In 1984, at the age of twenty-five, she became the second female Hispanic to be elected to the Texas House of Representatives. She defeated five male opponents in a then Anglo-but-Democratic-majority district. No Republican contested the seat despite the landslide victory that year of Ronald W. Reagan as U.S. President. Guerrero's district included parts of Central and East Austin.
wn.com/Lena_Guerrero -
Lincoln Chafee
Lincoln Davenport Chafee ( /ˈtʃeɪfiː/; born March 26, 1953) is an American politician who has been the 74th Governor of Rhode Island since January 2011. Prior to his election as governor, Chafee served in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1999 until losing his Senate re-election bid in 2006 to Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse. In 2007, he left the Republican Party and became an independent. He is the first independent to serve as Governor of Rhode Island since John Collins, who served 1786–1790.
A Rhode Island native educated at Phillips Academy and Brown University, Chafee worked as a professional farrier for seven years before entering state politics in 1985. He was a delegate to the Rhode Island State Constitutional Convention, a member of the Warwick, Rhode Island city council, and later the mayor of Warwick. Chafee was appointed to the United States Senate in 1999 upon the death of his father, Senator John Chafee, and was elected in the 2000 Senate election for a full six-year term.
wn.com/Lincoln_Chafee -
Luis Fortuño
Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset (born October 31, 1960) is the governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States of America. Fortuño is also the president of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (NPP), a member of the Republican National Committee, and will be president of the Council of State Governments during 2012. On June 26, 2011 he announced his plans to run for reelection.
In the 1990s, Fortuño served as the first Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce as the Executive Director of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company and as the President of Puerto Rico's Hotel Development Corporation during the administration of Governor Pedro Rosselló.
In 2003 Fortuño won the 2004 NPP nomination for Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico in primaries against former Governor Carlos Romero Barceló, former Senate President Charlie Rodriguez and then senator Miriam Ramírez de Ferrer. He was then elected Resident Commissioner in 2004, defeating Senator Roberto Prats. Fortuño represented Puerto Rico from 2005 to 2009 in the United States House of Representatives, and served as Chair of the Congressional Hispanic Conference, a Member of the newly created United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Insular Affairs and co-chair, with Rep. Xavier Becerra (D-CA), of the Friends of Spain Caucus.
wn.com/Luis_Fortuño -
Mark Dayton
Mark Brandt Dayton (born January 26, 1947) is an American politician, the 40th and current Governor of the state of Minnesota. Dayton previously served as United States Senator from Minnesota from 2001 to 2007 in the 107th, 108th, and 109th Congresses. A member of the Minnesota DFL Party, Dayton was Minnesota State Auditor from 1991 to 1995.
Dayton was the DFL nominee in the November 2010 gubernatorial election. He defeated the Republican Party of Minnesota nominee Tom Emmer and Independence Party of Minnesota nominee Tom Horner in the general election, and took office on January 3, 2011.
Dayton was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Gwendolen May (née Brandt) and Bruce Bliss Dayton. He is a great-grandson of businessman George Dayton. Dayton grew up in Long Lake, Minnesota. He attended Long Lake Elementary School (now closed) and The Blake School in Hopkins, from which he graduated in 1965.
In 1969, he graduated cum laude from Yale University, where he played goalie for the varsity hockey team. He also joined Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, whose membership at the time included George W. Bush. Dayton worked as a teacher for two years in New York City, and then as chief financial officer of a social service agency in Boston, Massachusetts. Dayton served as a legislative assistant to Senator Walter Mondale. He ran for the United States Senate in 1982, losing to Republican incumbent David Durenberger.
wn.com/Mark_Dayton -
Mark White
Mark Wells White (born March 17, 1940) is an American lawyer, who served as the 43rd Governor of Texas from January 18, 1983 to January 20, 1987.
Born in Henderson, in Rusk County, Texas, White attended Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and was a member of the prestigious Tryon Coterie Club, now Phi Delta Theta (Texas Lambda Chapter) at Baylor. He graduated from Baylor Law School in 1965. After spending time practicing law in a private practice in Houston (Harris County), White served as the state's assistant attorney general. In 1973, White was appointed as Texas secretary of state under Governor Dolph Briscoe and White also served in the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas National Guard.
White served as secretary of state until 1977, when he resigned to run for state attorney general, where he served until 1983. In the 1978 general election, White defeated the Republican choice, James A. Baker, III, a Houston lawyer, businessman, and power broker affiliated with the Bushes of Houston. White polled 1,249,846 votes and (55.13 percent) to Baker's 999,431 votes and (44.08 percent). As the state's chief enforcement officer, he co-chaired the Federal-State Enforcement Coordinating Committee and was a member of the Governor's Organized Crime Prevention Council. On the national level, he was elected Chairman of the Southern Conference of Attorneys General in May 1981.
wn.com/Mark_White -
Mary Fallin
Mary Fallin (born December 9, 1954) is the 27th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. She was a U.S. Representative for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district from 2007 until 2011.
She is the second woman elected to the United States Congress from Oklahoma and the first since 1921 when Alice Mary Robertson was elected to Congress and served for one term from 1921 to 1923. She was the first Republican and first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. She served in that post from 1995 to 2007. She is also the first woman to serve as Governor in the state of Oklahoma.
Fallin was born Mary Copeland in Warrensburg, Missouri, the daughter of Mary Jo (née Duggan) and Joseph Newton Copeland. Her mother and father both served terms as mayor of Tecumseh, where she was raised. Now a resident of Oklahoma City, she has long made the Fifth District her home. A graduate of Tecumseh High School, Fallin attended Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee as well as the University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond. Fallin holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Oklahoma State University.
wn.com/Mary_Fallin -
Matt Mead
Matthew Hansen "Matt" Mead (born March 11, 1962) is the 32nd and current Governor of Wyoming.
Mead was born in Teton County, Wyoming, the son of Peter Bradford Mead and Mary Elisabeth (née Hansen; 1935-1996), the GOP gubernatorial nominee in 1990, and the grandson of the late Governor and U.S. Senator Clifford Hansen. Mary Mead, considered an expert horsewoman, was killed in a horseback accident while working cattle in Grand Teton National Park. Mead grew up in Wyoming. He has an older brother, Bradford Scott "Brad" Mead, a Jackson attorney, and an older sister, Muffy Mead-Ferro of Salt Lake City, Utah, the author of Confessions of a Slacker Mom.
Mead is a former United States Attorney based in the capital city of Cheyenne. He served under appointment of U.S. President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2007. In 2007, Mead resigned as U.S. Attorney to seek the seat vacated by the death of fellow Republican Craig L. Thomas. His resignation was required under the Hatch Act of 1939. He lost in the Republican State Central Committee by fourteen votes on the third ballot from being one of the three candidates from which Democratic Governor Dave Freudenthal could make his selection. Freudenthal chose state Senator John Barrasso of Casper.
wn.com/Matt_Mead -
Matt Taibbi
Matthew C. "Matt" Taibbi (pronounced /taɪˈiːbi/; born March 2, 1970) is an American author and journalist reporting on politics, media, finance, and sports for Rolling Stone and Men's Journal, often in a polemical style. He has also edited and written for The eXile, the New York Press, and The Beast.
Taibbi grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts suburbs. He attended Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts, and Bard College at Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, then spent a year abroad at Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University in Russia. His father is Mike Taibbi, an NBC television reporter.
Taibbi joined Mark Ames in 1997 to co-edit the controversial English-language Moscow-based, bi-weekly free newspaper, The eXile. Of Exile, Taibbi said, "We were out of the reach of American libel law, and we had a situation where we weren’t really accountable to our advertisers. We had total freedom."[citation needed] In the U.S. media, Playboy magazine published pieces on Russia both by Taibbi and by Taibbi and Ames together during this time.
wn.com/Matt_Taibbi -
Merlin Miller
Merlin L. Miller is an American independent film director, writer, and producer. His works include the 1998 television film A Place to Grow, starring Gary Morris, and the 2000 film Jericho, starring Mark Valley. During the 2000s, he adopted an increasingly white nationalist political philosophy and founded a Tennessee-based all-white production company, Americana Pictures. He has also written articles for the Barnes Review and the Occidental Observer.
Miller is the 2012 presidential nominee of the American Third Position Party.
Miller (born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa), claims to be a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and to have commanded two United States Army units. Following this, he says, he worked as an Industrial engineering manager for Michelin Tire Company. In 1985, he graduated from the University of Southern California with an MFA degree in Cinema/Television.
Miller says that, in his childhood, he admired Walt Disney and Davy Crockett.
In 1989, Miller produced and edited Devil Rider, a horror movie starring Tag Groat as the title character. In 1991, Miller produced David Heavener's crime film Prime Target, starring Heavener as policeman John Bloodstone and Isaac Hayes as Captain Tompkins.
wn.com/Merlin_Miller -
Michael Bloomberg
Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and politician who is currently Mayor of New York City. With a net worth of $22 billion in 2012, he is also the 11th-richest person in the United States. He is the founder and 88% owner of Bloomberg L.P., a financial data-services firm.
A Democrat before seeking elective office, Bloomberg switched his registration in 2001 and ran for mayor as a Republican, winning the election that year and a second term in 2005. Bloomberg left the Republican Party over policy and philosophical disagreements with national party leadership in 2007 and ran for his third term in 2009 as an independent candidate on the Republican ballot line. He was frequently mentioned as a possible independent candidate for the 2008 presidential election, which fueled further speculation when he left the Republican Party. There was also speculation that he would run as a vice-presidential candidate. Bloomberg did not, however, seek the presidency nor was he selected as a running mate by any of the presidential candidates.
wn.com/Michael_Bloomberg -
Michele Bachmann
Michele Marie Bachmann (pronounced /ˈbɑːkmən/; née Amble; born April 6, 1956) is an American Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Minnesota's 6th congressional district, a post she has held since 2007. The district includes several of the northern suburbs of the Twin Cities, such as Woodbury, and Blaine as well as Stillwater and St. Cloud.
She was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, winning the Ames Straw Poll in August 2011 but dropping out in January 2012 after finishing in sixth place in the Iowa caucuses. Bachmann previously served in the Minnesota State Senate and is the first Republican woman to represent the state in Congress. She is a supporter of the Tea Party movement and a founder of the House Tea Party Caucus.
Bachmann was born Michele Marie Amble in Waterloo, Iowa "into a family of Norwegian Lutheran Democrats"; her family moved from Iowa to Minnesota when she was 13 years old. After her parents divorced, Bachmann's father, David John Amble, moved to California, and Bachmann was raised by her mother, Arlene Jean (née Johnson), who worked at the First National Bank in Anoka, Minnesota. Her mother remarried when Bachmann was a teenager; the new marriage resulted in a family with nine children.
wn.com/Michele_Bachmann -
Mike Beebe
Mickey Dale "Mike" Beebe (born December 28, 1946) is the 45th and current Governor of Arkansas, since January 9, 2007. He was elected to a second term in 2010. Beebe is a member of the Democratic Party.
Beebe was born in Amagon, a small town in Jackson County, Arkansas. He was raised by his mother, a waitress, and never met his father. As a child, he moved often with his family. They lived in Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, Houston and Alamogordo, New Mexico. They returned to Arkansas, and he graduated from Newport High School in 1964.
Beebe received a bachelor of arts degree in political science from Arkansas State University in 1968, where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He earned a law degree from the University of Arkansas in 1972. Beebe served in the U.S. Army Reserve. He practiced law in Searcy in White County for ten years after his graduation from law school.
In 1982, he was elected to the Arkansas State Senate, where he would serve for 20 years. In 2002, he was elected Arkansas Attorney General, a position he held until getting elected Governor of Arkansas.
wn.com/Mike_Beebe -
Mitch Daniels
Mitchell Elias "Mitch" Daniels, Jr. (born April 7, 1949) is the 49th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. A Republican, he began his first four-year term as governor on January 10, 2005, and was elected to his second term by an 18-point margin, receiving the most votes in Indiana history, on November 4, 2008. Previously, he was the Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget under George W. Bush. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Eli Lilly and Company, Indiana's largest corporation, where he was in charge of the corporation's business strategy. He was widely speculated to be a candidate for President of the United States in 2012 before choosing not to run. He is the author of the best selling book "Keeping the Republic: Saving America by Trusting Americans."
Mitchell Elias Daniels, Jr., was born in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, to Dorothy Mae (née Wilkes) and Mitchell Elias Daniels, Sr. His paternal grandparents were Christian immigrants from Syria. Daniels has been honored by the Arab-American Institute with the 2011 Najeeb Halaby Award for Public Service. His mother's ancestry was mostly English (where three of his great-grandparents were born), as well as Scottish. Daniels spent his early childhood years in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Georgia.
wn.com/Mitch_Daniels -
Mitt Romney
Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts (2003–07).
The son of Lenore and George W. Romney (Governor of Michigan, 1963–69), he was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1966, after one year at Stanford University, he left the United States to spend thirty months in France as a Mormon missionary. In 1969, he married Ann Davies, and the couple had five children together. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Brigham Young University and, in 1975, a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University as a Baker Scholar. He entered the management consulting industry, which in 1977, led to a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Chief Executive Officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million, wealth that has helped fund his political campaigns. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served as Ward Bishop and later Stake President in his area near Boston. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, losing to long-time incumbent Ted Kennedy. In 1999, he was hired as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics; and he helped turn the fiscally troubled games into a success.
wn.com/Mitt_Romney -
Nathan Deal
John Nathan Deal (born August 25, 1942) is a United States politician, the 82nd and current Governor of Georgia. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1992 but switched to the Republican Party in 1995. On March 1, 2010, Deal announced his resignation from Congress to run for governor of Georgia.
Deal faced a crowded field of candidates in the July Republican primary but ultimately faced former Georgia Secretary of State Karen Handel in a tightly contested August 10, 2010, primary runoff election, and won by fewer than 2500 votes. The following day Handel declined to pursue a recount and conceded. On November 2, Democratic opponent Roy Barnes called to concede the race for governor of Georgia, making Deal the governor-elect to succeed term-limited Sonny Perdue in 2011.
Deal was born in Millen in 1942 and grew up in Sandersville. Both of his parents were teachers. He attended Mercer University in Macon, where he earned his bachelor and law degrees with honors. After he earned his Juris Doctor degree in 1966, he went into the United States Army, where he earned the rank of captain.
wn.com/Nathan_Deal -
Neil Abercrombie
Neil A. Abercrombie (born June 26, 1938) is an American politician and is the seventh Governor of Hawaii. Previously he was the Democratic U.S. Representative of the First Congressional District of Hawaii, which comprises urban Honolulu. He served in Congress from 1986 to 1987 and from 1991 to 2010, when he resigned to successfully run for governor. He was also a state legislator and member of the Honolulu City Council.
Abercrombie was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of Vera June (née Grader) and George Donald Abercrombie. His ancestry includes English, Irish, and German. Upon graduating from Williamsville High School (now Williamsville South High School), he went on to pursue studies in sociology at Union College in Schenectady, New York. There, Abercrombie obtained his bachelor's degree in 1959. He arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii, a month after statehood in September 1959 to study at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa where he earned a master's degree in sociology and later a doctorate in American Studies. There he attended classes with, and befriended, current United States President Barack Obama's parents, Ann Dunham and Barack Obama, Sr.
wn.com/Neil_Abercrombie -
Newt Gingrich
Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich ( /ˈnjuːt ˈɡɪŋɡrɪtʃ/; born Newton Leroy McPherson; June 17, 1943) is an American politician, author, and political consultant. He represented Georgia's 6th congressional district as a Republican from 1979 until his resignation in 1999, and served as the 58th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich was a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination.
In the 1970s, Gingrich taught history and geography at the University of West Georgia. During this period he ran twice (1974 and 1976) for the United States House of Representatives before winning in November 1978. He served as House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995.
A co-author and architect of the "Contract with America", Gingrich was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. In 1995, Time named him "Man of the Year" for "his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House". While he was House speaker, the House enacted welfare reform, passed a capital gains tax cut in 1997, and in 1998 passed the first balanced budget since 1969. The poor showing by Republicans in the 1998 Congressional election and pressure from Republican colleagues caused Gingrich's resignation from the speakership on November 5, 1998, and then the House on January 3, 1999.
wn.com/Newt_Gingrich -
Nikki Haley
Nimrata Nikki Randhawa Haley (Born on January 20, 1972), an American politician, is the 116th and current Governor of South Carolina. A member of the Republican Party, Haley represented Lexington County in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 2005 to 2010.
In the 2010 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Haley was endorsed for the Republican nomination by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, and the Tea Party movement. On June 8, 2010, she finished first in the four-way Republican primary election with 49% of the vote, but fell short of the 50% required to avoid a runoff election. Haley won the runoff on June 22 with 65%, and proceeded to win the general election by a 51–47% margin.
Haley is the first woman to serve as Governor of South Carolina, and the second Indian-American governor in the country. At the age of 40, Haley is the youngest current governor in the US. Haley signed a law cracking down on illegal immigration in June 2011. She also supports a law requiring photo identification at the polls.
wn.com/Nikki_Haley -
Pat Morris Neff
Pat Morris Neff (26 November 1871 – 20 January 1952) was the 28th Governor of Texas from 1921 to 1925 and 9th President of Baylor University from 1932 to 1947.
Born on his family ranch in Coryell County near McGregor, Texas, Neff attended McGregor High School. He received his bachelor's degree from Baylor University in Waco before spending two years teaching at Southwestern Academy in Magnolia, Arkansas. While in Magnolia, Neff taught Harvey C. Couch, who would later become a successful entrepreneur in Arkansas. Upon returning to Texas, he received his law degree from the University of Texas at Austin. While studying at the University of Texas Law School, Neff was a close friend of future U. S. Senators Tom Connally and Morris Sheppard. He served in the Texas House of Representatives from 1899 to 1905, including a term as Speaker. After returning to his law practice in Waco, he served as assistant county attorney and county attorney for McLennan County for six years.
wn.com/Pat_Morris_Neff -
Paul LePage
Paul Richard LePage (born October 9, 1948) is an American businessman and politician who has been the 74th governor of Maine since 2011. A Republican, he was previously mayor of Waterville from 2003 to 2011, and was a city councilor before that. He worked from 1996 to 2011 in the private sector as general manager of the 14-store discount chain Marden's Surplus and Salvage.
LePage was born in Lewiston, Maine, the eldest son of eighteen children of Theresa B. (née Gagnon) and Gerard A. LePage, both of whom were of French-Canadian descent. He grew up speaking French in an impoverished home with an abusive father who was a mill worker. His father drank heavily and terrorized the children; and his mother, though a loving parent, was too intimidated to stop him [4]. At age eleven, after his father beat him and broke his nose, he ran away from home and lived on the streets of Lewiston, seeking shelter wherever he could find it, including in horse stables and at a "strip joint". After spending roughly two years homeless, he began to earn a living shining shoes, washing dishes at a café and hauling boxes for a truck driver. He later worked at a rubber company, a meat-packing plant, and was a short order cook, and bartender.
wn.com/Paul_LePage -
Pendleton Murrah
Pendleton Murrah (1826–August 4, 1865) was the tenth Governor of Texas. His term in office coincided with the American Civil War.
A native of South Carolina, Murrah graduated from Brown University in 1848. He moved to Texas and opened a law practice in Marshall. He ran and was defeated for the U.S. Congress before winning the state gubernatorial race in 1863.
During the American Civil War, Murrah emphatically supported the Rebel cause, although he ended up in a controversy over the conscription of Texas militia troops into the Confederate army. Still, even after Robert E. Lee surrendered in 1865, he encouraged Texans to continue the revolution. Only when Union occupation forces were en route to Texas did Murrah flee with other Confederate leaders to Mexico. Lt. Governor Stockdale filled the vacant post, acting as governor for three months, until provisional governor Andrew J. Hamilton assumed office in August 1865. The trip was too much for his already fragile health, and in August 1865, he died in Monterrey, Mexico of tuberculosis. His grave is located in the Panteon Municipal of Monterrey, Mexico.
wn.com/Pendleton_Murrah -
Peta Lindsay
Peta Lindsay (born 1984) is an American anti-war activist and presidential nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, even though she is ineligible to become president due to her age, under Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution . The PSL ticket also includes candidate for Vice President Yari Osorio.
Lindsay was born in Virginia and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She became an activist as a middle school student with the Philadelphia Student Union, a non-profit organization of students demanding a high quality education. She was a high school senior in Washington D.C. during the September 11 attacks. Soon thereafter she became active with the ANSWER coalition (Act Now to Stop War and End Racism). On September 24, 2001, Lindsay spoke at ANSWER's first press conference as a high school student. In 2002, she traveled to Cuba with Pastors for Peace. She attended Howard University and continued as a leader with the ANSWER coalition, including as a lead organizer of the January 2003 protest against the upcoming Iraq War. She was recognized by The Washington Post in March 2003 for her anti-war activism in a piece entitled "Student Leader Sees Through Bush Propaganda". In October 2003, Lindsay said of the Iraq War, "The US government has no right to try and recolonize Iraq".
wn.com/Peta_Lindsay -
Peter Shumlin
Peter Elliott Shumlin (born March 24, 1956) is the 81st and current Governor of Vermont. He represented the Windham Vermont Senate District for 8 terms (1992–2002, 2006–2011). He was elected the Governor in the 2010 election.
Shumlin went to high school at the Buxton School, and he graduated from Wesleyan University in 1979. Shumlin served on the Putney Selectboard in the 1980s and helped found Landmark College, which is located in Putney. The college was created to help people with learning disabilities gain a college education. Shumlin's father, George, a third generation American, was Jewish and descended from immigrants from Russia; Shumlin's mother, Kitty, is an immigrant who grew up in a Protestant family.
Shumlin was appointed by Democratic Gov. Madeleine Kunin to fill a vacancy in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1990 through 1992 in Putney. In 1992, he was elected to the State Senate and was soon elected Senate Minority Leader by his caucus. In 1994, Shumlin led his Senate caucus to win back control of the Senate and became President Pro Tempore.
wn.com/Peter_Shumlin -
Phil Bryant
Dewey Phillip "Phil" Bryant (born December 9, 1954) is an American politician from Mississippi. Bryant is the 64th and current Governor of Mississippi, having defeated the Democratic Party candidate, Johnny DuPree in the 2011 general election. He previously served as the 31st Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi, having defeated the Democratic Party candidate, Representative Jamie Franks, in the 2007 general election. On November 8, 2011, he was elected Governor of Mississippi and assumed office on January 10, 2012.
Born in Moorhead, Mississippi, Bryant was raised in Sunflower County, Mississippi in the Delta region, the son of Dewey C. and Estelle R. Bryant. His father was a diesel mechanic. Bryant's family moved to Jackson where Dewey C. Bryant worked for Jackson Mack Sales and later Dewey Phil Bryant also worked at this business as Service Manager. The year he was elected to the legislature he employed himself as an insurance investigator. Bryant holds undergraduate degrees from Hinds Community College and the University of Southern Mississippi. He earned a master's degree at Mississippi College, where he currently (while also serving as Lieutenant Governor) is a professor teaching Mississippi political history.
wn.com/Phil_Bryant -
Price Daniel
Marion Price Daniel, Sr. (October 10, 1910 – August 25, 1988), was a Democratic U.S. Senator and the 38th Governor of the state of Texas. He was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to be a member of the National Security Council, Director of the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and Assistant to the President for Federal-State Relations. Daniel also served as Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court.
Marion Price Daniel Sr (properly Marion Price Daniel II) was born in Dayton, Texas, to Marion Price Daniel Sr (born 1882 – died 1937) and Nannie Blanch Partlow (born 1886 – died 1955), in Liberty Texas. He was the eldest child. Sister Ellen Virginia Daniel would be born in 1912, and brother William Partlow Daniel in 1915.
Daniel's wife, Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel, was a great-great-granddaughter of the legendary Sam Houston. The couple had four children: Marion Price Daniel Jr. (properly Marion Price Daniel, III), Jean Houston Murph, Houston Lee, and John Baldwin.
Price graduated from Baptist-affiliated Baylor University in Waco. He worked as a lawyer in Liberty County. In 1938, he was elected to the Texas House of Representatives and took office early in 1939. Daniel opposed Texas adopting a sales tax, and he was elected Speaker of the House in 1943.
wn.com/Price_Daniel -
Randall Terry
Randall Almira Terry (born 1959) is an American pro-life activist and candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in 2012. Terry founded the pro-life organization Operation Rescue. The group became particularly prominent beginning in 1987 for blockading the entrances to abortion clinics; Terry led the group until 1991. He has been arrested more than 40 times, most recently for protesting President Barack Obama's commencement visit to the University of Notre Dame in violation of a no-trespass order from the school. Terry has long been known for provocative and controversial statements, including that abortion is murder and should be made a capital crime.
In 2003, Randall Terry founded the Society for Truth and Justice and conducted a program called Operation Witness. In 1998, he ran for Congress in upstate New York, and in 2006 for a seat in the Florida State Senate, both times losing in the Republican primary.
In 1986, Randall Terry was arrested for the first time for chaining himself to a sink at an abortion clinic. Terry was often in the news because of his activities as the leader of Operation Rescue.
wn.com/Randall_Terry -
Randy Blythe
David Randall "Randy" Blythe (born February 21, 1971) is the vocalist of American heavy metal band Lamb of God and side-project bands Halo of Locusts and Cannabis Corpse.[citation needed] He is known as D. Randall Blythe on Lamb of God's albums. As a teenager, he looked up to the Sex Pistols, Misfits, Bad Brains, Anthrax, Motorhead, Slayer, and Pantera.
In 2005, he worked with the metalcore outfit A Life Once Lost on their album Hunter. He provided additional vocals on the track "Vulture" as well as helped in the vocal processing of the track. He later worked with them again in 2007 on "Iron Gag." He also appeared on the song "Skull and Bones"" by the band Overkill and "Adoration for None" on Gojira's album The Way of All Flesh. He was also featured on Shadows Fall song, King of Nothing, on their latest release, Retribution.
Blythe also has a side project band known as Halo of Locusts. They contributed to For the Sick, the tribute album for Eyehategod, covering "Dixie Whiskey".
He has a small tattoo on his hip that resembles a penis and two testicles. According to Blythe in Killadelphia, it was the result of him trying to tattoo the Misfits' logo on himself while drunk and passing out before he could finish it.[citation needed] He also has a tattoo on his left forearm reading COBHC, which stands for "Children Of Bodom Hate Crew" which is the name used by the band Children of Bodom for themselves, their crew, and their fans.
wn.com/Randy_Blythe -
Richard Coke
Richard Coke (March 13, 1829 – May 14, 1897) was an American lawyer, farmer, and statesman from Waco, Texas. He was the 15th governor of Texas from 1874 to 1876 and represented Texas in the U.S. Senate from 1877 to 1895. His uncle was Congressman Richard Coke, Jr..
Coke was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, to John and Eliza (Hankins) Coke. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in 1848 with a law degree. In 1850, he moved to Texas and opened a law practice in Waco. In 1852, he married Mary Horne of Waco. The couple would have four children, but all of them died before age 30.
Coke was a delegate to the Secession Convention at Austin in 1861. He joined the Confederate Army as a private. In 1862 he raised a company that became part of the 15th Texas Infantry, and served as its Captain for the rest of the war. He was wounded in an action known as Bayou Bourbeau on November 3, 1863, near Opelousas, Louisiana. After the war, he returned home to Waco.
In 1865, he was appointed a Texas District Court judge, and then in 1866 he was elected as an associate justice to the Texas Supreme Court. The following year the military governor, General Philip Sheridan, ordered his removal as ‘an impediment to reconstruction’, in pursuit of unionist Reconstruction policies.
wn.com/Richard_Coke -
Rick Perry
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is the 47th and current Governor of Texas. Perry, a Republican, was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was elected to full gubernatorial terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010. With a tenure in office to date of &1000000000000001100000011 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days, Perry is the longest continuously serving current U.S. governor, and the second longest serving current U.S. governor—after Terry Branstad of Iowa. Perry served as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association in 2008 (succeeding Sonny Perdue of Georgia) and again in 2011. Perry is the longest serving governor in Texas state history. As a result, he is the only governor in modern Texas history to have appointed at least one person to every eligible state office, board, or commission position (as well as to several elected offices to which the governor can appoint someone to fill an unexpired term, such as six of the nine current members of the Texas Supreme Court).
wn.com/Rick_Perry -
Rick Santorum
Richard John "Rick" Santorum (born May 10, 1958) is an American author, attorney, and Republican Party politician. He served as a United States Senator representing Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007, and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination.
Born in Virginia, Santorum was raised primarily in Butler, Pennsylvania. He obtained an undergraduate degree from Pennsylvania State University, an M.B.A. from the University of Pittsburgh, and a J.D. from the Dickinson School of Law. Santorum worked as an attorney at K&L Gates where he met Karen Garver. They married in 1990, and have seven children; an eighth child died shortly after birth. Santorum was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives on behalf of Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district in 1990, becoming a member of a group dubbed the "Gang of Seven".
Santorum was elected as a United States Senator for Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his re-election bid in 2006. Santorum holds socially conservative positions, and is particularly known for his opposition to same-sex marriage and birth control. While serving as a senator, Santorum was the author of the National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 and the Santorum Amendment. In 2005, Santorum introduced the Workplace Religious Freedom Act along with Senator John Kerry.
wn.com/Rick_Santorum -
Rick Scott
Richard Lynn "Rick" Scott (born December 1, 1952) is a businessman and the 45th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Florida. He served in the U.S. Navy and then went into business. He earned a business degree and law degree and joined a Dallas firm where he became partner. His net worth was almost $219 million USD in 2010, but by 2011 was estimated at $103 million. He spent an estimated $75 million of his own money on his successful 2010 run for Governor of Florida.
In 1987, at age 34, he co-founded Columbia Hospital Corporation with two business partners; this merged with Hospital Corporation of America in 1989 to form Columbia/HCA and eventually became the largest private for-profit health care company in the U.S. He resigned as Chief Executive of Columbia/HCA in 1997 amid a controversy over the company's business and Medicare billing practices; the company ultimately admitted to fourteen felonies and agreed to pay the federal government over $600 million; Scott was not implicated. Scott later became a venture capitalist.
wn.com/Rick_Scott -
Rick Snyder
Richard Dale "Rick" Snyder (born August 19, 1958) is an American business executive, venture capitalist, and Governor of Michigan. A member of the Republican Party, he assumed office as the 48th governor of Michigan on January 1, 2011. From 2005 to 2007, Snyder served as the chairman of the board of Gateway, Inc., based in Irvine, California. Previous to his election as governor, he was chairman of the board, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Ann Arbor, Michigan-based venture capital firm Ardesta LLC. Snyder has been mentioned as a possible pick to be the Republican Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 2012. Snyder's business executive background and positive style have been cited as assets, with his accomplishments seen as strengthening the case for electing Mitt Romney as President.
Snyder was born in Battle Creek, Michigan, the son of Helen Louella "Pody" and Dale F. Snyder. Snyder earned his B.G.S., M.B.A., and J.D. from the University of Michigan by age 23. When he was 16, he took a business class at Kellogg Community College on weekends. By his senior year of high school, Snyder earned 23 college credits. Snyder visited the admissions office of the University of Michigan in November 1975 and spoke with the admissions director, who recommended that Snyder attend Michigan and create his own degree.
wn.com/Rick_Snyder -
Robby Wells
Robert "Robby" Wells (born April 10, 1968) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach at Savannah State University in Savannah, Georgia from 2007 to 2009.
He sought the Constitution Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election.
Wells was a four-year starter at Furman University, playing fullback and wide receiver. He was a member of the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA national championship team.
Wells has been coaching football since 1990. He began his career as an assistant coach at Greer (S.C.) High School (1990–1995). He served as head coach at C.E. Murray High School Greeleyville, SC (1995–1997).
He moved to the University of South Carolina as a graduate assistant for the University of South Carolina and coach Lou Holtz in 1998, coaching the defensive backs (1998–1999) and middle linebackers (2000) before moving to become the defensive coordinator at South Carolina State University in 2002. As the Bulldog's defensive coordinator (2002–2005) Wells' defense attained numerous national rankings and a Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference championship (2004).
wn.com/Robby_Wells -
Robert David Steele
Robert David Steele Vivas (born 16 July 1952) is an American activist and a former Central Intelligence Agency clandestine services case officer known for his promotion of open source intelligence (OSINT). He is the founder and CEO of OSS.Net as well as the Golden Candle Society. He was a Marine Corps infantry and intelligence officer for twenty years and was the second-ranking civilian (GS-14) in Marine Corps Intelligence Activity from 1988–92, and was also an adjunct instructor at Marine Corps University in the mid-1990s.
Steele was a candidate for the Reform Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election until 23 February 2012.
Robert David Steele was born in New York City on 16 July 1952. His father was a petroleum industry executive. He spent his first twenty years in Latin America and Asia. He holds a B.A. in political science, an M.A. in international relations; and an M.P.A. in public administration.
Steele is commonly associated[citation needed] with the open source intelligence movement and coined the terms "virtual intelligence" and "information peacekeeping". He argues that U.S. intelligence reform is needed, and that the private sector can perform a high percentage of U.S. open source intelligence needs and reduce cost to the U.S. government. He advocates "collective intelligence" or "the wisdom of the crowd" (what Howard Rheingold calls "smart mobs") and for hackers as a national resource.
wn.com/Robert_David_Steele -
Rocky Anderson
Ross Carl "Rocky" Anderson (born September 9, 1951) served two terms as the 33rd mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, between 2000 and 2008. He is the Executive Director of High Road for Human Rights. Prior to serving as Mayor, he practiced law for 21 years in Salt Lake City, during which time he was listed in Best Lawyers in America, was rated A-V (highest rating) by Martindale-Hubbell, served as Chair of the Utah State Bar Litigation Section and was Editor-in-Chief of, and a contributor to, Voir Dire legal journal.
As mayor, Anderson rose to nationwide prominence as a champion of several national and international causes, including climate protection, immigration reform, restorative criminal justice, LGBT rights, and an end to the "war on drugs". Before and after the invasion by the U.S. of Iraq in 2003, Anderson was a leading opponent of the invasion and occupation of Iraq and related human rights abuses. Anderson was the only mayor of a major U.S. city who advocated for the impeachment of President George W. Bush, which he did in many venues throughout the United States.
wn.com/Rocky_Anderson -
Ron Paul
Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 14th congressional district, which includes Galveston, since 1997, and a three-time candidate for President of the United States, as a Libertarian in 1988 and as a Republican in 2008 and currently 2012. He is an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policies, including the Military–industrial complex and the Federal Reserve, and is known for his libertarian-leaning views, often differing from his own party on certain issues.
A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his medical degree. He served as a medical officer in the United States Air Force from 1963 until 1968. He worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s, delivering more than 4,000 babies. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in the Senate when his son Rand Paul was elected to the United States Senate for Kentucky in 2010.
wn.com/Ron_Paul -
Roseanne Barr
Roseanne Cherrie Barr (born November 3, 1952) is an American actress, comedian, writer, television producer, director and candidate for President of the United States with the Green Party of the United States. Barr began her career in stand-up comedy at clubs before gaining fame for her role in the sitcom Roseanne. The show was a hit and lasted nine seasons, from 1988 to 1997. She won both an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work on the show. Barr had crafted a "fierce working-class domestic goddess" persona in the eight years preceding her sitcom and wanted to do a realistic show about a strong mother who was not a victim of patriarchal consumerism.
The granddaughter of immigrants from Europe and Russia, Barr was the oldest of four children in a working-class Jewish Salt Lake City family; she was also active in the LDS Church. In 1974 she married Bill Pentland, with whom she had three children, before divorcing in 1990 and marrying comedian Tom Arnold for four years. Controversy arose when she sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" off-key at a 1990 nationally aired baseball game, followed by spitting and grabbing her crotch.
wn.com/Roseanne_Barr -
Roy Moore
Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American jurist and Republican politician noted for his refusal, as the elected Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from the Alabama Judicial Building despite orders to do so from a federal judge. On November 13, 2003, the Alabama Court of the Judiciary unanimously removed Moore from his post as Chief Justice. In the years preceding his election to the state Supreme Court, Moore had successfully resisted previous attempts to have a display of the Ten Commandments removed from the courtroom. The controversy around Moore generated national attention.
Moore's supporters regard his stand as a defense of "judicial rights" and the Constitution of Alabama. Moore contends that federal judges who ruled against his actions consider "obedience of a court order superior to all other concerns, even the suppression of belief in the sovereignty of God."
Moore sought the Republican nomination for the governorship of Alabama in 2006, but lost to incumbent Bob Riley in the June primary by a nearly 2-to-1 margin. On June 1, 2009 he announced his campaign for the 2010 election for governor. Moore placed fourth in the race held on June 1, 2010, having received only 19 percent of the vote.
wn.com/Roy_Moore -
Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Kansas since January 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 1995 to 1996 and then as a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1996 to 2011. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election, withdrawing before the primaries.
Sam Brownback was born in Garnett, Kansas, the son of Nancy and Glenn Robert Brownback. He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas; his distant ancestors, of German descent, settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War. Brownback was state president of the Kansas FFA Association, and was one of the national vice presidents of the National FFA Organization from 1976 to 1977. While at Kansas State University, he was elected student body president and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho. He received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.
wn.com/Sam_Brownback -
Sam Houston
Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793–July 26, 1863), was a nineteenth-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, U.S. Senator for Texas after it joined the United States, and finally as a governor of the state. He refused to swear loyalty to the Confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union in 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War, and was removed from office. To avoid bloodshed, he refused an offer of a Union army to put down the Confederate rebellion. Instead, he retired to Huntsville, Texas, where he died before the end of the Civil War.
His earlier life included migration to Tennessee from Virginia, time spent with the Cherokee Nation (into which he later was adopted as a citizen and took a wife), military service in the War of 1812, and successful participation in Tennessee politics. Houston is the only person in U.S. history to have been the governor of two different states (although other men had served as governors of more than one American territory).
wn.com/Sam_Houston -
Sam Rayburn
Samuel Taliaferro "Sam" Rayburn (January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961) was a Democratic lawmaker from Bonham, Texas, who served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives for 17 years, the longest tenure in U.S. history.
Rayburn was born in Roane County, Tennessee, and was baptized by Elder H.G. Ball in the Primitive Baptist Church, also known as Old Line Baptist or Hard Shell Baptist Church. Rayburn graduated from Mayo College (now Texas A&M University-Commerce) in Commerce, which was located in northeast Texas. He attended the University of Texas School of Law while teaching school, and was admitted to the State Bar of Texas in 1908. Just after being admitted to the bar, he won election to the Texas House of Representatives, beginning his first term in 1909. During his second two-year term in the Texas House, he was elected Speaker of the House at the age of twenty-nine. The next year, he won election to the United States House of Representatives in District 4. He entered Congress in 1913 at the beginning of Woodrow Wilson's presidency and served in office for almost 49 years (more than 24 terms), until the beginning of John F. Kennedy's presidency.
wn.com/Sam_Rayburn -
Sam Sloan
Samuel Howard Sloan (born September 7, 1944), also known as Haji Mohammed Ismail Sloan, is an American chess player and publisher. In 2006, Sloan served on the Executive Board of the United States Chess Federation. In 1970, Sloan established a registered broker-dealer that traded over-the-counter stocks and bonds. Sloan had no formal legal training but orally argued a case before the Supreme Court after litigating against the Securities and Exchange Commission over policies regarding the trading of penny stocks. The Court ruled in his favor, 9–0, concerning his claim that the "tacking" of 10-day summary suspension orders for an indefinite period was an abuse of the agency's authority and a deprivation of due process. In 2010, Sloan made an unsuccessful bid for the Libertarian Party (LP) nomination in the 2010 New York gubernatorial election. He also made an unsuccessful bid for the Libertarian nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election.
Sloan was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1944 to attorney Leroy Bayfield Sloan and doctor Marjorie Jacobson Sloan. His family later moved to Lynchburg, and attended E.C. Glass High School. Sloan studied chess from an early age, and dropped out of the University of California, Berkeley, majoring in mathematics, but not earning a degree.
wn.com/Sam_Sloan -
Sean Parnell
Sean R. Parnell (born November 19, 1962) is the tenth and current Governor of Alaska. He was elected to a full term as Governor in November 2010. A Republican, he was first sworn in on July 26, 2009 to succeed Sarah Palin after her resignation. He is the first unelected Alaska Governor to be elected in his own right.
Sean Parnell was born in Hanford, California, to Kevin Patrick "Pat" (born September 16, 1937) and Thelma Carol (née Liebherr) Parnell. Pat Parnell was stationed at Fort Richardson, near Anchorage, Alaska, while in the U.S. Army in the late 1950s, and returned to Alaska with his family in 1973, establishing residence in Anchorage. Pat Parnell established a photocopy and office supply business alongside the busy Seward Highway in midtown Anchorage, while Thelma Parnell worked at Bartlett High School and East Anchorage High School, the latter being a short distance from their home. Sean Parnell attended East Anchorage High, graduating in 1980. He has a younger brother named Schöen.
wn.com/Sean_Parnell -
Sodomy law
A sodomy law is a law that defines certain sexual acts as crimes. The precise sexual acts meant by the term sodomy are rarely spelled out in the law, but are typically understood by courts to include any sexual act deemed unnatural. It also has a range of similar euphemisms. These acts typically include oral sex, anal sex and bestiality; in practice such laws have rarely been enforced against heterosexual couples.
Sodomy laws can be found around the world. Today, consensual homosexual acts between adults are illegal in about 70 out of the 195 countries of the world (approximately 36%); in 40 of these, only male-male sex is outlawed.
The Middle Assyrian Law Codes (1075 BC) state: If a man has intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into a eunuch. This is the earliest known law condemning the act of male-to-male intercourse in the military.
In the Roman Republic, the Lex Scantinia imposed penalties on those who committed a sex crime (stuprum) against a freeborn male minor. The law may also have been used to prosecute male citizens who willingly played the passive role in same-sex acts. The law was mentioned in literary sources but enforced infrequently; Domitian revived it during his program of judicial and moral reform. It is unclear whether the penalty was death or a fine. For adult male citizens to experience and act on homoerotic desire was considered natural and permissible, as long as their partner was a male of lower social standing.Pederasty in ancient Rome was acceptable only when the younger partner was a prostitute or slave.
wn.com/Sodomy_law -
Sonny Perdue
George Ervin "Sonny" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) was the 81st Governor of Georgia. Upon his inauguration in January 2003, he became the first Republican governor of Georgia since Benjamin F. Conley served during Reconstruction in the 1870s.
Perdue was born in Perry, Georgia. He currently lives in Bonaire, an unincorporated area between Perry and Warner Robins. His father was a farmer and his mother was a teacher. Perdue has been known as Sonny since childhood and prefers to be called by that name (he was sworn in and signs official documents as "Sonny Perdue").
Perdue played quarterback at Warner Robins High School and was a walk-on at the University of Georgia, where he was also a member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity (Beta-Lambda chapter).
Perdue served in the Air Force, rising to the rank of Captain before his discharge.
In 1971 he earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) from the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine and worked as a veterinarian before becoming a small business owner, eventually starting three small businesses.
wn.com/Sonny_Perdue -
Stephen Durham
Stephen Durham (born 1947) is an American activist based in New York City, and the Freedom Socialist Party (FSP) nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 general election. The socialist feminist FSP, a Trotskyist party, is running a write-in campaign that also includes Christina López, a Chicana feminist, for vice-president.
Durham was born in North Carolina and grew up in Southern California. He attended the University of California at Berkeley during the 1960s, where he took part in protests of the Vietnam War and joined actions to gain Third World Studies. He was an early member of the gay rights movement and attended the first national lesbian and gay gathering, the West Coast Gay Liberation Conference, which took place in 1969 in Berkeley.
Durham joined the Freedom Socialist Party and, in 1976, founded the Los Angeles branch of the organization. In 1984, he relocated to New York City, where he has served as the party organizer for many years.
Durham worked as a union waiter in California and New York City. He mobilized with his female, of color and immigrant co-workers, during the 1985 New York City Hotel Trades Council strike by 16,000 workers. In this he was aided by his fluency in Spanish and Portuguese, which he gained in high school and retained through frequent travels to Latin America and the Caribbean where he has connected with other feminists and socialists.
wn.com/Stephen_Durham -
Steve Beshear
Steven Lynn "Steve" Beshear (born September 21, 1944) is an American politician who is the 61st Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A Democrat, Beshear previously served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1974 to 1979, was the state's Attorney General from 1980 to 1983, and was the 49th Lieutenant Governor from 1983 to 1987.
After graduating from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1968, Beshear briefly practiced law in New York before returning to Kentucky and being elected to the state legislature, where he gained a reputation as a consumer advocate. He parlayed that reputation into a term as attorney general, serving under Governor John Y. Brown, Jr. As attorney general, Beshear issued an opinion that copies of the Ten Commandments would have to be removed from the walls of the state's classrooms in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Stone v. Graham. He also clashed with first lady Phyllis George Brown when he opposed the practice of charging an admission fee for visitors to view the renovated governor's mansion. In 1983, Beshear was elected lieutenant governor in the administration of Governor Martha Layne Collins. His most significant action in this capacity was the formation of the Kentucky Tomorrow Commission, a panel charged with making recommendations for the future of the state.
wn.com/Steve_Beshear -
Stewart Alexander
Stewart Alexis Alexander (born 1 October 1951) is an American democratic socialist politician, presidential nominee for the Socialist Party USA in the 2012 election, and former SPUSA nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election.
A resident of California, Alexander was the Peace and Freedom Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 2006. He received 43,319 votes, 0.5% of the total. In August 2010, Alexander declared his candidacy for the President of the United States with the Socialist Party and Green Party. In January 2011, Alexander also declared his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party.
Stewart Alexis Alexander was born to a brick mason and minister, Stewart Alexander and Ann E. McClenney, a nurse and housewife, in the Mary Immaculate Hospital on the banks of the James River, near the Newport News Ship Building and Dry Dock Company, in Newport News, Virginia. Because the facility was then a segregated hospital, young Stewart and his mother were quickly relocated to a basement room.
wn.com/Stewart_Alexander -
Stewart Greenleaf
Stewart J. Greenleaf (born October 4, 1939) is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 12th District since 1979. His district includes portions of Montgomery and Bucks Counties.
Greenleaf is a 1961 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received his J.D. from the University of Toledo College of Law. He served as an assistant district attorney in Montgomery County from 1970 to 1977 and also an assistant public defender in Bucks County. Greenleaf continues to serve as a partner in his law firm, Elliott Greenleaf, whose attorneys include Montgomery County Commissioner Bruce Castor and former State Rep. Melissa Murphy Weber.
In 1971, Greenleaf was elected as a Commissioner for Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania. After one term, Greenleaf was elected to a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1976. He served a single term in the house before winning his bid for the State Senate in 1978. Greenleaf has been re-elected seven times, most recently over Democrat Jeff Albert in 2006.
wn.com/Stewart_Greenleaf -
Susan Combs
Susan Combs (born February 26, 1945, in San Antonio) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Texas, currently serving as the state's Comptroller of Public Accounts.
She was initially elected as comptroller on November 7, 2006, to succeed Carole Strayhorn, a Republican who ran unsuccessfully for governor as an Independent in the same election.
Prior to her tenure as Comptroller, Combs had served two terms as Commissioner of the Texas Department of Agriculture from 1999–2007, taking the reins as the first woman elected to that office in 1998, having succeeded commissioner Rick Perry, who was instead elected as lieutenant governor. Combs also served two terms in the Texas House of Representatives.
In 2010, Combs was unopposed for a second term as comptroller in the Republican primary, and she faced no Democratic opponent in the November 2 general election. Unsuccessful nominees of the Green and Libertarian parties did seek the position.
Combs grew up in a ranching family from West Texas. She runs a cow-calf operation on her family's ranch in Brewster County; the ranch has been in her family since the turn of the 20th century. She lives in Austin with her husband, Joe W. Duran (born June 1, 1942), a computer scientist. She is the mother of three sons.
wn.com/Susan_Combs -
Susana Martinez
Susana Martinez (born July 14, 1959) is the 31st and current Governor of New Mexico. Martinez, a Republican since 1995, is the first female governor of New Mexico and the first female Hispanic governor in the United States. Martinez was the Assistant District Attorney for the 3rd Judicial District, serving Doña Ana County, New Mexico from 1986 to 1992. She served as District Attorney from 1997 to 2011.
She is considered a potential pick for Vice President on the Republican presidential ticket in 2012, but has stated numerous times she would not run.
Susana was born and raised in El Paso, Texas. She moved to Las Cruces, New Mexico, in the mid 1980s. Martínez comes from a middle class background. Her father was an amateur boxer who won three straight Golden Gloves titles in the 1950s. He was a deputy sheriff for El Paso County, Texas.
On September 9, 2011, Martinez stated that she did not know whether her paternal grandparents immigrated to the country illegally. On more thorough research it turned out that they appeared to follow the rules at the time and that she is a descendant of Mexican Revolutionary General Toribio Ortega.
wn.com/Susana_Martinez -
Terry Branstad
Terry Edward Branstad (born November 17, 1946) is an American politician who is the 42nd and current governor of Iowa since January 2011. Branstad was the 39th governor of Iowa from 1983 to 1999 and President of Des Moines University from 2003 to 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the youngest and longest-serving governor in Iowa’s history. In 2010, he prevailed in a three-way primary and won the Republican nomination to run again for governor. He faced incumbent Governor Chet Culver, a Democrat and four third party candidates on November 2, 2010. He won the general election in November, defeating Democratic incumbent Chet Culver by a 52.9% to 43.1% margin.
Branstad entered the 2010 race as the front runner for both the primary and general elections. Independent polling in 2009 indicated that his approval ratings hovered in the 70% range. He was widely seen as the front runner for the Republican nomination and had wide leads in aggregate polling against Culver. He won the Republican primary with 50.4% of the popular vote, 9.5 percentage points ahead of his nearest competitor.
wn.com/Terry_Branstad -
Thaddeus McCotter
Thaddeus George "Thad" McCotter (born August 22, 1965) is the U.S. Representative to Michigan's 11th congressional district, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes portions of Detroit's northwestern suburbs, such as Livonia, Westland and Novi.
He is running for reelection. From July 2 to September 21, 2011, he was an official candidate for the Republican nomination for president in the 2012 election.
McCotter was born in Detroit, Michigan and graduated from Detroit Catholic Central High School, Redford in 1983. His mother, Georgia Joan McCotter, was the City Clerk of Livonia. He received a B.A. from the University of Detroit in 1987 and a J.D. from the same school in 1990.
McCotter had a private law practice before being elected to the Wayne County Commission in 1992. While on the Commission, he helped change the county charter to require that new taxes win the approval of two-thirds of the Commission and 60% of voters in order to be passed.
McCotter was elected to the Michigan State Senate in 1998. As a State Senator, he helped apportion the U.S. Congressional district from which he was elected in 2002.
wn.com/Thaddeus_McCotter -
Tim Pawlenty
Timothy James "Tim" Pawlenty ( /pəˈlɛnti/; born November 27, 1960) is an American politician who served as the 39th Governor of Minnesota (2003–2011). He was a Republican candidate for President of the United States in the 2012 election from May to August 2011. He previously served in the Minnesota House of Representatives (1993–2003) where he served two terms as majority leader.
Pawlenty was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and raised in nearby South St. Paul. He graduated from University of Minnesota with a B.A. in political science and earned a J.D. from the University of Minnesota Law School. His early career included working as a labor law attorney and the vice president of a software company. After settling in the city of Eagan with his wife, Pawlenty was appointed to the city's Planning Commission and was elected to the Eagan City Council at the age of 28. He won a seat as a state representative in 1992, representing District 38B in suburban Dakota County. He was re-elected four times, and voted majority leader by House Republicans in 1998.
wn.com/Tim_Pawlenty -
Todd Staples
Douglas Todd Staples (born August 24, 1963) is the current Republican Commissioner of the Texas Department of Agriculture. Prior to his election in 2006 as agriculture commissioner, Staples had served in both houses of the Texas State Legislature and on the city council in Palestine in Anderson County in east Texas.
Staples was unopposed for renomination in the GOP primary held on March 2, 2010. In the November 2 general election, he handily defeated the populist Democrat Hank Gilbert (born 1959) of Whitehouse and the Libertarian Party choice, Rick Donaldson of Rockwall County. Gilbert had also lost to Staples in 2006. In the 2010 primary, Gilbert defeated Richard S. "Kinky" Friedman, who was an Independent gubernatorial candidate in 2006 against Governor Rick Perry. Friedman announced thereafter that he was supporting Gilbert for agriculture commissioner and would not himself ever again seek public office.
Staples was reared in Palestine (pronounced PAL ES STEEN), the seat of Anderson County in East Texas. He graduated from Palestine High School where he was an active member of the Future Farmers of America. While in college, he served as state vice-president of the FFA from 1981 to 1982. He attended Texas A&M University and graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics in 1984. He started a nursery business, and later became involved in cattle ranching with his family. He also owned a real estate business. He is a former instructor at Trinity Valley Community College.
wn.com/Todd_Staples -
Togiola Tulafono
Togiola Talalelei A. Tulafono (born February 28, 1947) is the Governor of American Samoa. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He had previously served as Lieutenant Governor, taking this position on January 3, 1997.
Tulafono was Lieutenant Governor when, on March 26, 2003, Governor Tauese Pita Fiti Sunia died. He then became Acting Governor, and officially became Governor on April 7, 2003. He was reelected to a full 4-year term in the November 2004 gubernatorial elections and again in the November 2008 gubernatorial election.
Togiola T.A. Tulafono was born on February 28, 1947, in Aunu'u Island, American Samoa.
Tulafono was educated in Samoa, attending elementary school in Autu'u and Samoana High School. He attended Chadron State College in the United States, where he earned bachelor's degrees in both political science and sociology in 1970. He received a doctor of laws degree from the Washburn University School of Law in Topeka, Kansas, in 1975.
He has served as a deacon of the Congregational Christian Church in Sa’ilele, American Samoa, for over 25 years.
wn.com/Togiola_Tulafono -
Tom Corbett
Thomas W. "Tom" Corbett (born June 17, 1949) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Pennsylvania since 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Corbett was the Attorney General of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 1997; he was appointed by Governor Tom Ridge to fill the unexpired term of Ernie Preate following Preate's indictment. Subsequently he was elected as Attorney General in 2004; he served as Attorney General from 2005 to 2011, winning re-election in 2008.
Corbett received his Bachelor's degree at Lebanon Valley College and was employed as a 9th grade teacher for one year. Corbett then earned his J.D. from St. Mary's University Law School. He served in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard 28th Infantry Division from 1971 to 1984, rising to the rank of Captain.
Corbett's career has been split between private practice and civil service. He began his legal career as an assistant district attorney in Pittsburgh's Allegheny County. After three and a half years, he was hired in 1980 as assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
wn.com/Tom_Corbett -
Tom Hoefling
Tom Hoefling is an American political activist. He is the national chairman of America's Party as well as the party's 2012 presidential nominee. Hoefling has also served as political director for Alan Keyes' political group America's Revival, as well as a representative for the American Conservative Coalition.
wn.com/Tom_Hoefling -
Tyrone Brown
Tyrone Brown (born 1973) is an African-American Texan who, in 1990, was sentenced to a life term in a Texas maximum security prison and was kept incarcerated for 17 years after testing positive once for smoking marijuana while on probation for robbing a man of two dollars at the age of 17. No one was hurt in the robbery, and Brown had voluntarily returned the wallet to the victim. Brown's case attracted some attention in the press in 2006, and he was later granted a conditional pardon by Texas Governor Rick Perry. He was released on March 16, 2007.
Brown's case was contrasted in the press with the case of an influential white defendant who was sentenced by the same judge. The other man had committed murder by shooting an unarmed prostitute in the back (and then taking money from his victim after shooting him), and had then violated his parole by repeatedly testing positive for cocaine use over a period of several years, breaking through the glass door of a woman's home to confront her in a dispute, living with at least two men who had multiple criminal convictions, and being arrested for crack cocaine possession while driving a congressman's car. Probation records indicated that the man had failed five drug tests over a three-year period. In contrast with the way Brown was treated, the other defendant was never sent to jail and received an early lifting of all of the usual conditions of probation.
wn.com/Tyrone_Brown -
Vermin Supreme
Vermin Love Supreme (born June 1961) is an American performance artist, anarchist and activist who is known for running as an alternative candidate in various local, state, and national elections in the United States. Supreme is known for wearing a boot shaped hat and carrying a large toothbrush. He claims that if elected President of the United States, he will pass a law requiring people to brush their teeth. He also campaigned in 2012 on a platform of zombie apocalypse awareness and time travel research, and he promises a free pony for every American. Supreme claims to mock the political system. In 2011, he participated in the ongoing Occupy Boston protests.
Supreme grew up near Boston, Massachusetts and is said to be the oldest of three children. He graduated from Gloucester High School in the 1980s, then moved to Baltimore to attend art school, but dropped out and began booking bands for underground clubs.[citation needed]
In 1986, he joined The Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in protest of nuclear weapons. From 1987 onward, he began running for public office. He legally changed his name to Vermin Supreme in the 1990s.
wn.com/Vermin_Supreme -
Virgil Goode
Virgil Hamlin Goode, Jr. (/gud/, born October 17, 1946) is an American politician, last serving as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented the 5th congressional district of Virginia (map) from 1997 to 2009. He lost his seat in the 2008 election to Democrat Tom Perriello. Goode subsequently joined the Constitution Party. He is that party's 2012 presidential nominee.
Goode was born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Alice Clara (née Besecker) and Virgil Hamlin Goode. He has spent most of his life in Rocky Mount. Goode graduated with a B.A. from the University of Richmond (Phi Beta Kappa) and with a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He also is a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity, and served in the Army National Guard from 1969 to 1975.
Goode grew up as a Democrat. He entered politics soon after graduating from law school. At the age of 27 he won a special election to the state Senate from a Southside district as an independent after the death of the Democratic incumbent. One of his major campaign focuses at the time was advocacy for the Equal Rights Amendment. Soon after being elected, he joined the Democrats.
wn.com/Virgil_Goode -
Virginia Abernethy
Virginia Deane Abernethy (born in Cuba in 1934) is an American professor (emerita) of psychiatry and anthropology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. She received a B.A. from Wellesley College, an M.B.A. from Vanderbilt University, and Ph.D. from Harvard University. She is an anthropology fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Abernethy describes herself as an "ethnic separatist". An outspoken opponent of immigration, Abernethy has called for a complete moratorium on immigration into the United States. She claims that immigrants devalue the work force, deplete scarce resources, adversely impact carrying capacity, and that Third World immigration has led to a rise in dangerous diseases within the United States.
Abernethy is a close friend of minister Jesse Lee Peterson.
Abernethy's research has focused on the issues of population and culture. Her most famous work discounts the demographic transition theory, which holds that fertility drops as women become more educated and contraceptives become more available. In its place she has developed a fertility-opportunity hypothesis which states that fertility follows perceived economic opportunity. A corollary to this hypothesis is that food aid to developing nations will only exacerbate overpopulation. She has advocated in favor of microloans to women in the place of international aid, because she believes microloans allow improvement in the lives of families without leading to higher fertility.
wn.com/Virginia_Abernethy -
Walter Frank Woodul
Walter Frank Woodul (September 25, 1892 – October 1, 1984) was a Texas politician who was an early proponent of a state highway system. He served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of Texas from 1935 to 1939, under Governor James V. Allred.
wn.com/Walter_Frank_Woodul -
Warren Mosler
Warren Mosler (born September 18, 1949) is an American economist, president and founder of Mosler Automotive, and co-founder of the Center for Full Employment And Price Stability at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He briefly ran for President of the United States as a member of the Democratic Party in the 2012 election before dropping out to run for U.S. Senate.
Mosler spent his early life in Manchester, Connecticut and was initially employed in Hartford before moving to New York City to work on Wall Street. In 1982, he began a hedge fund, which by the 1990s was largely turned over to his partners. Later, he relocated to the U.S. Virgin Islands to participate in a government-sponsored economic growth initiative.
Academically, he is known for his writings on Modern Monetary Theory, an economic theory that describes the way fiat money is created and utilized in modern economies.
In February 2009, Mosler declared his candidacy with the Federal Elections Commission to run for the office of President of The United States as an independent. In April 2010, he withdrew to run in the United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2010, briefly as a Democrat, but ultimately as an independent. In the final tally he received 0.98% of the vote.
wn.com/Warren_Mosler -
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata
So Ladies, I know y'all feel me. Them boys are always be bluffin'
Tryin' to feel like they're the man. Trying to be in control
Thinkin' they're always right. But they just don't get it
Bbeongeul chyeodo yubun suji yaejom boge (Uh huh)
Nuga jaene heo pungdeul jom maga bollae (Uh oh)
Tto shijaki ne ibman yeolmyeon makmu ganae (Huh! )
(Stop it) Oops! Oops! (They're sayin') Oops! Oops!
Ja, deureo gab nida baksu hanbeon juseyo
Nuga mworae do, biju eori god, sang we kwon il pereu No.1 igo
Kkoripyo cheoreom dalgo saneun bijueol gasu, TV nawatda hamyeon sonyeo deureun
Bonbang sasu bogo itna? Choi Siwon
Haruman ttak, haruman jal, saenggyeot dan yaegi deudgo shipeo
Maennal mannael, jal saenggyeosseu nikka
Eolgullo meokgo sandan daet geureun dal jima
Waemo e garyeo jin gachangryeok (Oh yeah)
Eolgul maneuro mureupeul kkulh ge harira
Bbeongeul chyeodo yubun suji yaejom boge (Oops! )
Nuga jaene heo pungdeul jom maga bollae (So what?)
Tto shijaki ne ibman yeolmyeon makmu ganae
(Stop it) Oops! Oops! (They're sayin') Oops! Oops!
Jakku heossori haji malgo, ki julge na gaseo chana bae wa
Naega taneun chaneun ni deuri bureo wo haneun super car
Uri jibeun Las Vegas, L.A., Hollywood
Hawaii, Maldive, Dubai kkaji do bi haenggi eobshi do watda gatda
Iyu ga mwolkka, nae chaneun haneureul nara ga Fly to the Sky
Sae chaga neujeo jyeo chareul sa, card chung jeoni andwe seo chareul sa
Geunyang maksa maksa nae chaneun ni deuri eureu reong haneun eureu reong cha
Valet parking butakhae yo, Hey~! Mr. Simple
(Oops boy) heo useum man na oh ne
(Oops boy) Pinocchio na sheot ne
(Oops boy) I namja deul heo punge, Oh yeah
Navigation deulgo deureo wa neon pilyo hal geoya
Uri jiben mia chatgi poster do itdan da
Park Jisung I watna bwa nan badji chuk gureseun
Igeon gongryong gajuk jamba ya eoryeobge guhaesseum
Banggeum jina gan geoseun nae ae wonyong chita ji
Gaen "shijeo" rago hae uri eomma ye chimpanzee
Do you like coffee? ttarawa boyeo julge nae nongjang
Americano saemmul eseo peo ga mok mareumyeon
Oops! Oops! Oops!
Hey! geogi mul gogi nae iyagi hanbeon deureo bollae?
Naega malhamyeon nae maldaero sesangi modu byeonhae saero
Il deo hagi, ireun sam, il baegi ireun baek ini baek ini
Heukineuro byeon hago, heukini hwangineuro byeon hani
Injong cha byeoreun (shilheo shilheo) jungryeok ye beonb chigeul geoseulleo
Daeryuki dongsereul malhani on segye ga han ttangi dwena ni
Nae mareun god jinri yo on sesang ye geu beonbi yo
Naega baro sonyeo deul ye daetong ryeong Leeteuk!
Oops!
Bbeongeul chyeodo yubun suji yaejom boge
Nuga jaene heo pungdeul jom maga bollae
Tto shijaki ne ibman yeolmyeon makmu ganae
(Stop it) Oops! Oops! (They're sayin') Oops! Oops!
(Heenim 2 years gatda olge)
Uju daeseuta ye heose heopung bbeong shijak
Naman han Pinocchio jeoldae eobseul geol jinjja
Nan bichi na waemo, kkochi na maehok, jeogin nae ja tae
Yeoja eolgeureun anbwa naega deo naa, bamsae ullineun naye jeonhwa
Wolsugeum niga nae yeoja, hwamok to jaega nae yeoja, oppa nado teryeo ga
Ilyo il O.K.? geurae arasseo, neon nae taibin geullae meoreoseu
Mae dallineun aen pat bbang jaem eobtji
Nan seong gyeogeun sopung galttae do shirak kkok ssa gaji
(Hyungeun bbeong ani janha)
Bbeongeul chyeodo yubun suji yaejom boge
Nuga jaene heo pungdeul jom maga bollae
Tto shijaki ne ibman yeolmyeon makmu ganae
(Stop it) Oops! Oops! (They're sayin') Oops! Oops!
(Stop it) Oops! Oops! (They're sayin') Oops! Oops!
"Hey, Jeffey"
"Remember Me"
"From Last Summer"
"Oh, Hoh-Oh, No"
Oh, No
Here She Comes
It's The Girl
From Last Summer
What's Wrong
Yeah, She's Changed
Is It Makeup Or
A Lack Of Hair
I'm Scared
Of Her Chains
Black Lipstick
In The Sun
The Hall
I See Her Face
I Have A Can Of Mace
But I Just Run
Oh, No
What's Wrong
What's Going On
She Doesn't Look Right
Oh, No
What's Wrong
What's Going On
It's Better With No Light
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
They Call Her
On My Dog
It Could Work
And I'll Be Just Fine
Or Maybe
I Could Tell Her
I Wet The Bed
Every Night
I Think I'll Move
To Canada
She's Like Lice
On My Head
I'll Play
Lunch Lady
And Throw Her Out
Like Moldy Bread
Oh, No
What's Wrong
What's Going On
She Doesn't Look Right
Oh, No
What's Wrong
What's Going On
It's Better With No Light
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
With The Lights Off
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
She Looks Better
Tell you what I did last night
I came home, say, around a quarter to three
Still so high
Hypnotized
In a trance
>From the start it, so butter and brown and tantalizing
You woulda thought I needed help from this feeling that I felt
So shook I had to catch my breath
Oops, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Ooh I'm turning red
Who could this be?
I tried and I tried to avoid
but this thing was happening
Swallow my pride
Let it ride and party
But this body felt just like mines
I got worried
I looked over to the left
A reflection of myself
That's why I couldn't catch my breath
OOPS, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Ooh I'm turning red
Who could this be?
OOPS, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Missy:
(I looked over to the left)
Umm I was looking so good I couldn't reject myself
(I looked over to the left)
Umm I was feeling so good I had to touch myself
(I looked over to the left)
Umm I was eyein my thighs butter pecan brown
(I looked over to the left)
Umm comin' outta my shirt and then the skirt came down
OOPS, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Ooh I'm turning red
Who could this be?
OOPS, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Ooh I'm turning red
Who could this be?
OOPS, there goes my shirt up over my head
Oh my
OOPS, there goes my skirt droppin' to my feet
Oh my
Ooh, some kinda touch caressing my legs
Oh my
Ooh I'm turning red
Who could this be?
Ooh My
Oh no, I did it again
Don't look now, but I lost a fried
It might have been me but I think it was him
Makes me think I never had a friend
You wake up one morning and you're doing fine
Next thing you know,
You're saying that it happens all the time
You wake up one morning and you're doing good
Next thing you know,
You're thinking about the things you didn't say but should
Oh no, I did it again
Don't look now, but I lost a fried
It might have been me but I think it was him
Makes me think I never had a friend
She wakes up one morning and finally sees
Theres something wrong
You know it's not the way it was supposed to be
She falls asleep wondering about the world
And how it's strange, she didn't want to see the worst about the girl
Oh no, I did it again
Don't look now, but I lost a fried
It might have been me but I think it was him
Makes me think I never had a friend
But that's how it goes sometimes
It's not so great, but you think it's fine
I can't ignore the signs
It must be your's because it sure ain't mine
Oh no, I did it again
Don't look now, but I lost a fried
It might have been me but I think it was him
Makes me think I never had a friend
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Rick Perry 'Oops'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:23
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Rick Perry 'Oops'
http://wn.com/Rick_Perry_'Oops'
OOPS 32 part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Isola dei famosi Inside Story 2011 giorno 45 oops Ventura marpsby civinelliluca 114015 views · 1850. Watch Later The Ultimate Fails Compilation ✓by funnyvideosarchive ... Sushmita Sen's OOPS moment while walking on the rampby vcreatesbollynews 178399 views; 701. Watch Later Donald Duck Corn Chips truehqby drasik100 ... OOPS Plane Crash Die Pannenshow des RC Modellflugs Trailer Pannenby belu2000 920065 views; 937. Watch Later 2006 | Michelle Hunziker bei «Wetten dass»by ...
http://wn.com/OOPS_32_part_1
Isola dei famosi Inside Story 2011 giorno 45 oops Ventura marpsby civinelliluca 114015 views · 1850. Watch Later The Ultimate Fails Compilation ✓by funnyvideosarchive ... Sushmita Sen's OOPS moment while walking on the rampby vcreatesbollynews 178399 views; 701. Watch Later Donald Duck Corn Chips truehqby drasik100 ... OOPS Plane Crash Die Pannenshow des RC Modellflugs Trailer Pannenby belu2000 920065 views; 937. Watch Later 2006 | Michelle Hunziker bei «Wetten dass»by ...
- published: 09 Mar 2012
- views: 190209
- author: Hakob Hakobyan
Oops.. A MMA Fouls Highlight Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:25
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
A Highlight Video filled with groin shots, eye pokes and various other illegal moves.
http://wn.com/Oops_A_MMA_Fouls_Highlight_Video
A Highlight Video filled with groin shots, eye pokes and various other illegal moves.
- published: 11 Jun 2010
- views: 789233
- author: TheMontageKing
Big Brother Brasil 8 Jaqueline Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Big Brother Brasil 8 Jaqueline Oops.
http://wn.com/Big_Brother_Brasil_8_Jaqueline_Oops
Top Gun 2010 - "Oops Moments"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
Read the full review/article loading with pictures http://www.rcuniverse.com/magazine/article_display.cfm?article_id=1250 http://www.rcuniverse.com -World's ...
http://wn.com/Top_Gun_2010_Oops_Moments
Read the full review/article loading with pictures http://www.rcuniverse.com/magazine/article_display.cfm?article_id=1250 http://www.rcuniverse.com -World's ...
- published: 05 Jul 2010
- views: 1537993
- author: rcuniverse
Floortje Dessing OOPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Floortje Dessing OOPS.
http://wn.com/Floortje_Dessing_OOPS
Britney Spears - Oops!...I Did It Again
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Music video by Britney Spears performing Oops!...I Did It Again. (C) 2000 Zomba Recording LLC.
http://wn.com/Britney_Spears_Oops!I_Did_It_Again
Music video by Britney Spears performing Oops!...I Did It Again. (C) 2000 Zomba Recording LLC.
- published: 25 Oct 2009
- views: 38649097
- author: BritneySpearsVEVO
Rick Perry: OOPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Rick Perry: OOPS. bizbuzz2000·673 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 266. 493,884. Like 779 Dislike 161. Like ..... Watch Later Rick Perry: OOPS.by TheAmazingAtheist 121,550 views · Thumbnail 18 videos Thumbnail Play all Ron Paulby TwoSwift651 · 0:53. Watch Later "Oops!" Not Even Ron Paul Can Save Rick Perry From Himselfby RonPaul2008dotcom 95,126 views · 0:58. Watch Later Rick Perry Debate Screw Up Big Fail, Makes A Fool Of Himself, Funny, CNBC Debate VOTE RON PAUL ...
http://wn.com/Rick_Perry_OOPS
Rick Perry: OOPS. bizbuzz2000·673 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 266. 493,884. Like 779 Dislike 161. Like ..... Watch Later Rick Perry: OOPS.by TheAmazingAtheist 121,550 views · Thumbnail 18 videos Thumbnail Play all Ron Paulby TwoSwift651 · 0:53. Watch Later "Oops!" Not Even Ron Paul Can Save Rick Perry From Himselfby RonPaul2008dotcom 95,126 views · 0:58. Watch Later Rick Perry Debate Screw Up Big Fail, Makes A Fool Of Himself, Funny, CNBC Debate VOTE RON PAUL ...
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 493783
- author: bizbuzz2000
Top 10 Alley-oops of 2011-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 08 Mar 2013
Check out the Top 10 alley-oops of the NBA season. Which do you think was best?
http://wn.com/Top_10_Alley-oops_of_2011-2012
Check out the Top 10 alley-oops of the NBA season. Which do you think was best?
- published: 22 May 2012
- views: 1043565
- author: NBA
Rick Perry's Oops Moment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
Rick Perry tried to name the three federal agencies he would like to eliminate if he is elected president, but he was able to name just two.
http://wn.com/Rick_Perry's_Oops_Moment
Rick Perry tried to name the three federal agencies he would like to eliminate if he is elected president, but he was able to name just two.
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 121582
- author: NewsPoliticsInfo
oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:27
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
This blouse is beautiful...
http://wn.com/oops
Theophilus London - Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
http://rapofilia.blogspot.com directed by: Yu Tsai | http://yutsai.com.
http://wn.com/Theophilus_London_Oops
http://rapofilia.blogspot.com directed by: Yu Tsai | http://yutsai.com.
- published: 03 Dec 2010
- views: 1776073
- author: okayplayin
Tweet feat. Missy Elliott - Oops (Oh My)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
Tweet's video for her first single "Oops (Oh My)," featuring Missy 'Misdemeanor' Elliott. Nothing wrong with a little self love. ;) "Oh my..." lol. Enjoy the...
http://wn.com/Tweet_feat_Missy_Elliott_Oops_Oh_My
Tweet's video for her first single "Oops (Oh My)," featuring Missy 'Misdemeanor' Elliott. Nothing wrong with a little self love. ;) "Oh my..." lol. Enjoy the...
- published: 02 May 2007
- views: 8878712
- author: MsHoneychile
Big Brother Brasil 11 Maria.Melilo Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
Big Brother Brasil 11 MariaMelilo Oops. Jukisyy2 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 195. 434785. Like 340 Dislike 58. Like .... Big Brother Brasil 11 Oops Jaqueline pagou peitinho by jloandkimkass 113574 views · 353. Watch Later BIG BROTHER 2011 Day 6_ Naked pool party1by qquk123 710083 views · 253. Watch Later Big Brother Brasil 10 Oops Claudia pagou peitinhoby bbb10aqui 464408 views · 047. Watch Later Lea Bikini Scene Sex Big Brother Brasil 7 003by alisontimao 1073936 ...
http://wn.com/Big_Brother_Brasil_11_MariaMelilo_Oops
Big Brother Brasil 11 MariaMelilo Oops. Jukisyy2 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 195. 434785. Like 340 Dislike 58. Like .... Big Brother Brasil 11 Oops Jaqueline pagou peitinho by jloandkimkass 113574 views · 353. Watch Later BIG BROTHER 2011 Day 6_ Naked pool party1by qquk123 710083 views · 253. Watch Later Big Brother Brasil 10 Oops Claudia pagou peitinhoby bbb10aqui 464408 views · 047. Watch Later Lea Bikini Scene Sex Big Brother Brasil 7 003by alisontimao 1073936 ...
- published: 19 Feb 2011
- views: 434432
- author: Jukisyy
Tweet 07 Oops Oh My
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 05 Mar 2013
The beautiful Southern Hummingbird from 2002. I slept on this one but I got it now. Buy This Sh!# Today.
http://wn.com/Tweet_07_Oops_Oh_My
The beautiful Southern Hummingbird from 2002. I slept on this one but I got it now. Buy This Sh!# Today.
- published: 04 Jan 2011
- views: 113974
- author: thatvacat
Terraria Hardcore! - Part 6 (OOPS!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
Terraria Hardcore! - The guys venture forth in the strange land of Terraria. Will they conquer all the bosses? Or will they all fall one by one to the danger...
http://wn.com/Terraria_Hardcore!_Part_6_OOPS!
Terraria Hardcore! - The guys venture forth in the strange land of Terraria. Will they conquer all the bosses? Or will they all fall one by one to the danger...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 61239
- author: PBGGameplay
Best Of Fashion TV Part 41 Model Oops 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:09
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
Watch Later The Best of Paris SpringSummer 2013 Fashion Week Review Part 2 | fashiontvby fashiontv 8612 views; 149. Watch Later Oops Monica Dogra Without Bra at Stardust Awardsby manoj23vk 35189 views; 532. Watch Later oops sexy reporter let it bareby trish20679 150791 views; 1022. Watch Later Best Of Fashion TV Part 36 Model Oops 2by celebtopiacelebs 19150 views; 422. Watch Later DESFILE DE LENCERIA CON MODELOS COLOMBIANAS 2012by Andrè Marcial 76177 views; 1057 ...
http://wn.com/Best_Of_Fashion_TV_Part_41_Model_Oops_2
Watch Later The Best of Paris SpringSummer 2013 Fashion Week Review Part 2 | fashiontvby fashiontv 8612 views; 149. Watch Later Oops Monica Dogra Without Bra at Stardust Awardsby manoj23vk 35189 views; 532. Watch Later oops sexy reporter let it bareby trish20679 150791 views; 1022. Watch Later Best Of Fashion TV Part 36 Model Oops 2by celebtopiacelebs 19150 views; 422. Watch Later DESFILE DE LENCERIA CON MODELOS COLOMBIANAS 2012by Andrè Marcial 76177 views; 1057 ...
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 80193
- author: CelebtopiaCelebs
Naked and Funny. Oops! My Breast Fell Out
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
You Love Black Humor ? http://www.facebook.com/pages/Mein-Humor-ist-so-schwarz-dass-die-Neger-sogar-neidisch-werden/491787720858211.
http://wn.com/Naked_and_Funny_Oops!_My_Breast_Fell_Out
You Love Black Humor ? http://www.facebook.com/pages/Mein-Humor-ist-so-schwarz-dass-die-Neger-sogar-neidisch-werden/491787720858211.
- published: 25 Nov 2011
- views: 961747
- author: Rosetten Kasper
SUPER SHOW 4 Highlight_Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
SUPER JUNIOR WORLD TOUR 'SUPER SHOW4' in SEOUL ♪ Download on iTunes : http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mr.-simple-rapackage/id466384683 ☞ For more Informat...
http://wn.com/SUPER_SHOW_4_Highlight_Oops
SUPER JUNIOR WORLD TOUR 'SUPER SHOW4' in SEOUL ♪ Download on iTunes : http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mr.-simple-rapackage/id466384683 ☞ For more Informat...
- published: 21 Nov 2011
- views: 1206506
- author: SMTOWN
OOPS! Skirt Falls Down on catwalk - Miss Universe - Jennifer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:13
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
OOPS! Skirt Falls Down on catwalk Miss Univers Jennifer Hawkins.
http://wn.com/OOPS!_Skirt_Falls_Down_on_catwalk_Miss_Universe_Jennifer
OOPS! Skirt Falls Down on catwalk Miss Univers Jennifer Hawkins.
- published: 25 Jul 2007
- views: 4427777
- author: SMERKSY
Best Of Fashion TV Part 36 Model Oops 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:32
- Updated: 07 Mar 2013
Best Of Fashion TV Part 36 Model Oops 7. celebtopiacelebs26 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 1525. 13589. Like 24 Dislike 6. Like ... Best Of Fashion Tv Part 40 Model Oops 9aviby celebtopiacelebs 10466 views; 5248. Watch Later Jerry Springer Uncensored Too Hot 4 TVby thescreamingho 111842 views; 844. Watch Later London Fashion Charlie Le Mindu+18by mysterious35 46047 views; 3001. Watch Later Fashion Week London SpringSummer 2013 | Fashion Week Review | fashiontvby ...
http://wn.com/Best_Of_Fashion_TV_Part_36_Model_Oops_7
Best Of Fashion TV Part 36 Model Oops 7. celebtopiacelebs26 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 1525. 13589. Like 24 Dislike 6. Like ... Best Of Fashion Tv Part 40 Model Oops 9aviby celebtopiacelebs 10466 views; 5248. Watch Later Jerry Springer Uncensored Too Hot 4 TVby thescreamingho 111842 views; 844. Watch Later London Fashion Charlie Le Mindu+18by mysterious35 46047 views; 3001. Watch Later Fashion Week London SpringSummer 2013 | Fashion Week Review | fashiontvby ...
- published: 09 Jan 2013
- views: 13589
- author: CelebtopiaCelebs
oops! private pic!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
everyone has them. Subscribe for new vid in 5 days, don't forget to thumb and let me know what the strangest photo on your phone is. Keep up to date with Twi...
http://wn.com/oops!_private_pic!
everyone has them. Subscribe for new vid in 5 days, don't forget to thumb and let me know what the strangest photo on your phone is. Keep up to date with Twi...
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 1054248
- author: communitychannel
Florida Jets 2010 - Oops Moments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:26
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
Read the full review/article loading with pictures http://www.rcuniverse.com/magazine/article_display.cfm?article_id=1230 http://www.rcuniverse.com -World's ...
http://wn.com/Florida_Jets_2010_Oops_Moments
Read the full review/article loading with pictures http://www.rcuniverse.com/magazine/article_display.cfm?article_id=1230 http://www.rcuniverse.com -World's ...
- published: 04 Apr 2010
- views: 61706
- author: rcuniverse
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Jessica Alba Nipples - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Jessica Alba Nipples - http://celebritiesfail.com
http://wn.com/Jessica_Alba_Nipples_Celebrity_Oops_Celebritiesfailcom
Jessica Alba Nipples - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 10634
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Selena Gomez Side Boob Celebrity Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Selena_Gomez_Side_Boob_Celebrity_Oops
Bar Refaeli Hot Lingerie - Celeb Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Bar Refaeli HOT LINGERIE - For more celebs visit http://celebritiesfail.com
http://wn.com/Bar_Refaeli_Hot_Lingerie_Celeb_Oops_Celebritiesfailcom
Bar Refaeli HOT LINGERIE - For more celebs visit http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 2671
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Lieke Van Lexmond Borsten (Boobs) - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Lieke van Lexmond, lovely dutch celebrity. She's showing off her lovely boobs. Find more breast pictures of Lieke van Lexmond on
http://celebritiesfail.com
Number one blog when it comes to celeb oops pics
http://wn.com/Lieke_Van_Lexmond_Borsten_Boobs_Celebrity_Oops_Celebritiesfailcom
Lieke van Lexmond, lovely dutch celebrity. She's showing off her lovely boobs. Find more breast pictures of Lieke van Lexmond on
http://celebritiesfail.com
Number one blog when it comes to celeb oops pics
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 8406
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Eva Mendes Nipple Slip - Celebrity Oops Celebritiesfail.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Eva Mendes Sexy Nipple Slip Exposed.
For more naked celebrities go to http://celebritiesfail.com
For tons of celebrity pics visit our partner blog: http://wijzeman.wordpress.com
http://wn.com/Eva_Mendes_Nipple_Slip_Celebrity_Oops_Celebritiesfailcom
Eva Mendes Sexy Nipple Slip Exposed.
For more naked celebrities go to http://celebritiesfail.com
For tons of celebrity pics visit our partner blog: http://wijzeman.wordpress.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 49993
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Katy Perry Upskirt - Celebrity Pussy - Celebritiesfail.com - Celeb Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Katy Perry Upskirt Pussy - http://celebritiesfail.com
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_Upskirt_Celebrity_Pussy_Celebritiesfailcom_Celeb_Oops
Katy Perry Upskirt Pussy - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 101904
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Miley Cyrus Sexy Hot Dress 2011 - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Sexy Hot Dress Miley Cyrus - http://celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Celebrity Oops Pictures, From 2011 and 2010, latest nipple slips and upskirt oops pics.
Check it out now!
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
http://wn.com/Miley_Cyrus_Sexy_Hot_Dress_2011_Celebrity_Oops_Celebritiesfailcom
Sexy Hot Dress Miley Cyrus - http://celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Celebrity Oops Pictures, From 2011 and 2010, latest nipple slips and upskirt oops pics.
Check it out now!
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 9254
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Miley Cyrus Sexy legs - Celebrity Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Unseen Sexy Legs of Miley Cyrus Please subscribe to my new channel: http://www.youtube.com/celebritiesoopsie
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
http://wn.com/Miley_Cyrus_Sexy_legs_Celebrity_Oops
Unseen Sexy Legs of Miley Cyrus Please subscribe to my new channel: http://www.youtube.com/celebritiesoopsie
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 6025
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels - Hard Nipples Oops - For more checkout http://celebritiesfail.com
http://wn.com/Renate_Verbaan_Harde_Tepels
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels - Hard Nipples Oops - For more checkout http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 15086
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Celebrity Bikini Bodies - High Quality Bikini Paparazzi Bikini Pictures (1080p HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Tons of high quality celebrity bikini pictures. This celebrity bikini video is one of many still to come. Im looking all arround the internets for hot celebrity bikini pictures.
For more celebrity oops moments please visit http://celebritiesfail.com
celebrity bikini,celebrity bikini bodies,celebrity bikini 2012,celebrity bikini photos 2012,celebrity bikini brands,celebrity bikini fails,celebrity bikini bodies then and now,celebrity bikini bods,celebrity bikini stretch marks,celebrity bikini bodies pics,celebrity bikini wax
http://wn.com/Celebrity_Bikini_Bodies_High_Quality_Bikini_Paparazzi_Bikini_Pictures_1080p_HD
Tons of high quality celebrity bikini pictures. This celebrity bikini video is one of many still to come. Im looking all arround the internets for hot celebrity bikini pictures.
For more celebrity oops moments please visit http://celebritiesfail.com
celebrity bikini,celebrity bikini bodies,celebrity bikini 2012,celebrity bikini photos 2012,celebrity bikini brands,celebrity bikini fails,celebrity bikini bodies then and now,celebrity bikini bods,celebrity bikini stretch marks,celebrity bikini bodies pics,celebrity bikini wax
- published: 08 Jul 2012
- views: 18789
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
100% free access to celebrity oops pictures: http://celebritiesfail.com
julianne moore,julianne moore,julianne moore movies,julianne moore amanda seyfried,julianne moore chloe,julianne moore sarah palin,julianne moore filmography,julianne moore bio,julianne moore twitter,julianne moore movie list,julianne moore savage grace
http://wn.com/Julianne_Moore_Sweatpants_Camel_Toe_Celebrity_Oops_2012_HD
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
100% free access to celebrity oops pictures: http://celebritiesfail.com
julianne moore,julianne moore,julianne moore movies,julianne moore amanda seyfried,julianne moore chloe,julianne moore sarah palin,julianne moore filmography,julianne moore bio,julianne moore twitter,julianne moore movie list,julianne moore savage grace
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 5058
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
http://celebritiesfail.com
princess beatrice,princess beatrice,princess beatrice hat,princess beatrice boyfriend,princess beatrice weight loss,princess beatrice job,princess beatrice dave clark,princess beatrice net worth,princess beatrice height,princess beatrice of ligne,princess beatrice hat meme
http://wn.com/Princess_Beatrice_Bikini_Camel_Toe_Celebrity_Oops_Wardrobe_Malfunction_2012_HD
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
http://celebritiesfail.com
princess beatrice,princess beatrice,princess beatrice hat,princess beatrice boyfriend,princess beatrice weight loss,princess beatrice job,princess beatrice dave clark,princess beatrice net worth,princess beatrice height,princess beatrice of ligne,princess beatrice hat meme
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 13710
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Eva Longoria Camel Toe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Eva Longoria Camel Toe - http://celebritiesfail.com
http://wn.com/Eva_Longoria_Camel_Toe
Eva Longoria Camel Toe - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 4044
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
http://www.facebook.com/celebrityoopsmedia
http://celebritiesfail.com
http://celebritiesoops.wordpress.com
http://wn.com/Selena_Gomez_Camel_Toe_Celebrity_Oops_HD
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
http://www.facebook.com/celebrityoopsmedia
http://celebritiesfail.com
http://celebritiesoops.wordpress.com
- published: 23 Aug 2012
- views: 14453
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
http://wn.com/Jessica_Simpson_Super_Busty_Jessica_Simpson_Hot_Cleavage
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
- published: 17 Feb 2013
- views: 315
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Oops- reggicalze al bar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
reggicalze al bar
http://wn.com/Oops_reggicalze_al_bar
calze2 oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
autoreggenti all'aeroporto
http://wn.com/calze2_oops
Anna Falchi - Another Oops
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Anna Falchi - Another Oops
http://wn.com/Anna_Falchi_Another_Oops
Ooops HAHA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
When to a Paddle Boat ride, which took an hour to go around a small lake. So this girl is wearing a lose spring dress and it flies up several times.
http://wn.com/Ooops_HAHA
When to a Paddle Boat ride, which took an hour to go around a small lake. So this girl is wearing a lose spring dress and it flies up several times.
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 147453
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Skirt Stuck in Car Door
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
the car bring along her skirt. she almost naked
http://wn.com/Skirt_Stuck_in_Car_Door
the car bring along her skirt. she almost naked
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 17592
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Skirt caught in car door.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Another unfortunate woman gets her skirt caught in a car door and winds up in her panties for her troubles.
http://wn.com/Skirt_caught_in_car_door
Another unfortunate woman gets her skirt caught in a car door and winds up in her panties for her troubles.
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 191401
- author: TheOctoMomLover
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710
http://wn.com/QVC_Model_Flashing_Her_Knickers_150710
Shakira thong slip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Shakira rare thong slip.. Watch in HD. Thong: 0:14
http://wn.com/Shakira_thong_slip
Shakira rare thong slip.. Watch in HD. Thong: 0:14
- published: 11 Oct 2010
- views: 359682
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Janet on squat machine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Janet doing 3 plates a side on the Bodymasters squat machine. She has gone as heavy as 5 plates in the past, but hurt her back doing so.
http://wn.com/Janet_on_squat_machine
Janet doing 3 plates a side on the Bodymasters squat machine. She has gone as heavy as 5 plates in the past, but hurt her back doing so.
- published: 16 Oct 2010
- views: 41718
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Becky Drunk !!! and Her Ass is Hanging out
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
After our magical trip to lurgan becky decides to fix the tV to play kareoke ....
Well she thinks shes fixing it LOL infact her ass is full on out like
Am glad i was the only sober one thats night/morning
xxx
http://wn.com/Becky_Drunk_!!!_and_Her_Ass_is_Hanging_out
After our magical trip to lurgan becky decides to fix the tV to play kareoke ....
Well she thinks shes fixing it LOL infact her ass is full on out like
Am glad i was the only sober one thats night/morning
xxx
- published: 21 Nov 2010
- views: 50937
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Chanel's thong on the Fantasy Factory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
i loved watching it so im sure u guys would too.
http://wn.com/Chanel's_thong_on_the_Fantasy_Factory
i loved watching it so im sure u guys would too.
- published: 07 Dec 2010
- views: 1065934
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Amaia Salamanca en SMS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Famosas: http://suarezfv.com Amaia Salamanca tanga verde en SMS
http://wn.com/Amaia_Salamanca_en_SMS
Famosas: http://suarezfv.com Amaia Salamanca tanga verde en SMS
- published: 15 Dec 2010
- views: 32865
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Oops! Girl Loses Skirt! LOL! Funny Embarrassing Moments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A young girl jams her skirt in the taxi door, and lose her skirt in public. Very embarrassing and very funny, LOL! Tips & tricks to avoid social embarrassment: www.theblushersmanual.com
http://wn.com/Oops!_Girl_Loses_Skirt!_LOL!_Funny_Embarrassing_Moments
A young girl jams her skirt in the taxi door, and lose her skirt in public. Very embarrassing and very funny, LOL! Tips & tricks to avoid social embarrassment: www.theblushersmanual.com
- published: 06 Jan 2011
- views: 260996
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Carla Carrillo Jeans Tanga Negra HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Carla_Carrillo_Jeans_Tanga_Negra_HD
ali vs penny
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
womens bjj kinda
http://wn.com/ali_vs_penny
Lucy Verasamy 240910
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Lucy Verasamy
http://wn.com/Lucy_Verasamy_240910
Sara Corrales mostrando tanga (Vecinos)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
En la caida se le ve la tanguita
http://wn.com/Sara_Corrales_mostrando_tanga_Vecinos
Beth chapman thong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
beth chapman thong
http://wn.com/Beth_chapman_thong
0:41
Jessica Alba Nipples - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Jessica Alba Nipples - http://celebritiesfail.com...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Jessica Alba Nipples - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Jessica Alba Nipples - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 10634
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:25
Selena Gomez Side Boob Celebrity Oops
...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Selena Gomez Side Boob Celebrity Oops
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 17622
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:24
Bar Refaeli Hot Lingerie - Celeb Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Bar Refaeli HOT LINGERIE - For more celebs visit http://celebritiesfail.com...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Bar Refaeli Hot Lingerie - Celeb Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Bar Refaeli HOT LINGERIE - For more celebs visit http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 2671
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:30
Lieke Van Lexmond Borsten (Boobs) - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Lieke van Lexmond, lovely dutch celebrity. She's showing off her lovely boobs. Find more b...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Lieke Van Lexmond Borsten (Boobs) - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Lieke van Lexmond, lovely dutch celebrity. She's showing off her lovely boobs. Find more breast pictures of Lieke van Lexmond on
http://celebritiesfail.com
Number one blog when it comes to celeb oops pics
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 8406
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:10
Eva Mendes Nipple Slip - Celebrity Oops Celebritiesfail.com
Eva Mendes Sexy Nipple Slip Exposed.
For more naked celebrities go to http://celebritiesf...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Eva Mendes Nipple Slip - Celebrity Oops Celebritiesfail.com
Eva Mendes Sexy Nipple Slip Exposed.
For more naked celebrities go to http://celebritiesfail.com
For tons of celebrity pics visit our partner blog: http://wijzeman.wordpress.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 49993
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:19
Katy Perry Upskirt - Celebrity Pussy - Celebritiesfail.com - Celeb Oops
Katy Perry Upskirt Pussy - http://celebritiesfail.com...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Katy Perry Upskirt - Celebrity Pussy - Celebritiesfail.com - Celeb Oops
Katy Perry Upskirt Pussy - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 101904
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:39
Miley Cyrus Sexy Hot Dress 2011 - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Hot Dress Miley Cyrus - http://celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Celebrity Oops Pictures, Fro...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Miley Cyrus Sexy Hot Dress 2011 - Celebrity Oops - Celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Hot Dress Miley Cyrus - http://celebritiesfail.com
Sexy Celebrity Oops Pictures, From 2011 and 2010, latest nipple slips and upskirt oops pics.
Check it out now!
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 9254
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:50
Miley Cyrus Sexy legs - Celebrity Oops
Unseen Sexy Legs of Miley Cyrus Please subscribe to my new channel: http://www.youtube.com...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Miley Cyrus Sexy legs - Celebrity Oops
Unseen Sexy Legs of Miley Cyrus Please subscribe to my new channel: http://www.youtube.com/celebritiesoopsie
Some Search Terms:
miley cyrus ,photos ,miley stewart ,hannah montana ,disney ,billy ray cyrus ,the last song ,ray cyrus ,twitter ,official site ,mileyworld ,mileycyrus ,lyrics ,justin ,grammy awards ,tour dates ,the climb ,the best of both worlds ,soundtrack ,search ,music videos ,music video ,movies ,miley-cyrus ,miley fans ,los angeles ,itunes ,grammy ,gossip ,gallery ,filmography ,fansite ,fan site ,family ,facebook ,download ,disney channel ,destiny hope cyrus ,daughter ,celebrity ,candids ,can't be ,breakout ,biography ,billy ray ,bieber ,actress
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 6025
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:25
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels - Hard Nipples Oops - For more checkout http://celebritiesfail...
published: 22 Mar 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels
Renate Verbaan Harde Tepels - Hard Nipples Oops - For more checkout http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 22 Mar 2012
- views: 15086
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
4:44
Celebrity Bikini Bodies - High Quality Bikini Paparazzi Bikini Pictures (1080p HD)
Tons of high quality celebrity bikini pictures. This celebrity bikini video is one of many...
published: 08 Jul 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Celebrity Bikini Bodies - High Quality Bikini Paparazzi Bikini Pictures (1080p HD)
Tons of high quality celebrity bikini pictures. This celebrity bikini video is one of many still to come. Im looking all arround the internets for hot celebrity bikini pictures.
For more celebrity oops moments please visit http://celebritiesfail.com
celebrity bikini,celebrity bikini bodies,celebrity bikini 2012,celebrity bikini photos 2012,celebrity bikini brands,celebrity bikini fails,celebrity bikini bodies then and now,celebrity bikini bods,celebrity bikini stretch marks,celebrity bikini bodies pics,celebrity bikini wax
- published: 08 Jul 2012
- views: 18789
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:38
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
100% free access to celebri...
published: 01 Aug 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
Julianne Moore Sweatpants Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops 2012 - HD
100% free access to celebrity oops pictures: http://celebritiesfail.com
julianne moore,julianne moore,julianne moore movies,julianne moore amanda seyfried,julianne moore chloe,julianne moore sarah palin,julianne moore filmography,julianne moore bio,julianne moore twitter,julianne moore movie list,julianne moore savage grace
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 5058
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:38
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
http://...
published: 01 Aug 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
Princess Beatrice Bikini Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops - Wardrobe Malfunction 2012 HD
http://celebritiesfail.com
princess beatrice,princess beatrice,princess beatrice hat,princess beatrice boyfriend,princess beatrice weight loss,princess beatrice job,princess beatrice dave clark,princess beatrice net worth,princess beatrice height,princess beatrice of ligne,princess beatrice hat meme
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 13710
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:38
Eva Longoria Camel Toe
Eva Longoria Camel Toe - http://celebritiesfail.com...
published: 01 Aug 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Eva Longoria Camel Toe
Eva Longoria Camel Toe - http://celebritiesfail.com
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 4044
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
1:01
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
http://www.facebook.com/celebrityoopsmedia
http...
published: 23 Aug 2012
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
Selena Gomez Camel Toe - Celebrity Oops HD
http://www.facebook.com/celebrityoopsmedia
http://celebritiesfail.com
http://celebritiesoops.wordpress.com
- published: 23 Aug 2012
- views: 14453
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
Vimeo results:
10:00
oops
"oops" || appropriated YouTube video || 2009 || concept by Billy Rennekamp
// http://beckm...
published: 31 Jul 2010
author: Chris Beckman
oops
"oops" || appropriated YouTube video || 2009 || concept by Billy Rennekamp
// http://beckmanchris.com/info/oops
// http://billyrennekamp.com
A winner of the 2010 Vimeo Awards! http://vimeo.com/awards/about
Official Selection of the 2011 Sundance Film Festival! http://bit.ly/sundance2011
0:28
how to lose $2400 in 24 seconds
regrettably filmed by Kurtis Hough
KH Studios, 2011
www.khstudios.com
Twitter: twitter.co...
published: 30 Nov 2011
author: Kurtis Hough
how to lose $2400 in 24 seconds
regrettably filmed by Kurtis Hough
KH Studios, 2011
www.khstudios.com
Twitter: twitter.com/kurtishough
happy 40th anniversary Northwest Film Center
1:17
Gaze into Space
Model: Marcelina
Video: Simon Bolz
Music:
Feeling Dark (Behind The Mask) by 7OOP3D
http:...
published: 27 Apr 2011
author: Simon Bolz
Gaze into Space
Model: Marcelina
Video: Simon Bolz
Music:
Feeling Dark (Behind The Mask) by 7OOP3D
http://dig.ccmixter.org/dig?user=7OOP3D
This is a teaser clip to the photo series "Gaze into Space" by Simon Bolz, http://www.simonbolz.com.
11:26
Introducción a Groovy
Este screencast hace una introducción a Groovy, el lenguaje dinámico para la JVM, se muest...
published: 15 Jan 2010
author: Grails.org.mx
Introducción a Groovy
Este screencast hace una introducción a Groovy, el lenguaje dinámico para la JVM, se muestra y compara como desarrollar un típico Hola Mundo a la manera Groovy. Se recomienda para principiantes
Youtube results:
0:46
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage...
published: 17 Feb 2013
author: CelebrityOopsHD
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
Jessica Simpson Super Busty - Jessica Simpson Hot Cleavage
- published: 17 Feb 2013
- views: 315
- author: CelebrityOopsHD
0:43
Bee Sting
...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Bee Sting
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 7201
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:08
Oops- reggicalze al bar
reggicalze al bar...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Oops- reggicalze al bar
reggicalze al bar
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 165722
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:07
calze2 oops
autoreggenti all'aeroporto...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
calze2 oops
autoreggenti all'aeroporto
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 272686
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:15
Anna Falchi - Another Oops
Anna Falchi - Another Oops...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Anna Falchi - Another Oops
Anna Falchi - Another Oops
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 159375
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:12
Ooops HAHA
When to a Paddle Boat ride, which took an hour to go around a small lake. So this girl is ...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Ooops HAHA
When to a Paddle Boat ride, which took an hour to go around a small lake. So this girl is wearing a lose spring dress and it flies up several times.
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 147453
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:15
Skirt Stuck in Car Door
the car bring along her skirt. she almost naked...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Skirt Stuck in Car Door
the car bring along her skirt. she almost naked
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 17592
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:04
Skirt caught in car door.
Another unfortunate woman gets her skirt caught in a car door and winds up in her panties ...
published: 09 Jun 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Skirt caught in car door.
Another unfortunate woman gets her skirt caught in a car door and winds up in her panties for her troubles.
- published: 09 Jun 2010
- views: 191401
- author: TheOctoMomLover
1:01
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710...
published: 13 Aug 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710
QVC Model Flashing Her Knickers 150710
- published: 13 Aug 2010
- views: 97105
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:19
Shakira thong slip
Shakira rare thong slip.. Watch in HD. Thong: 0:14...
published: 11 Oct 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Shakira thong slip
Shakira rare thong slip.. Watch in HD. Thong: 0:14
- published: 11 Oct 2010
- views: 359682
- author: TheOctoMomLover
1:12
Janet on squat machine
Janet doing 3 plates a side on the Bodymasters squat machine. She has gone as heavy as 5 p...
published: 16 Oct 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Janet on squat machine
Janet doing 3 plates a side on the Bodymasters squat machine. She has gone as heavy as 5 plates in the past, but hurt her back doing so.
- published: 16 Oct 2010
- views: 41718
- author: TheOctoMomLover
8:39
Becky Drunk !!! and Her Ass is Hanging out
After our magical trip to lurgan becky decides to fix the tV to play kareoke ....
Well she...
published: 21 Nov 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Becky Drunk !!! and Her Ass is Hanging out
After our magical trip to lurgan becky decides to fix the tV to play kareoke ....
Well she thinks shes fixing it LOL infact her ass is full on out like
Am glad i was the only sober one thats night/morning
xxx
- published: 21 Nov 2010
- views: 50937
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:33
Chanel's thong on the Fantasy Factory
i loved watching it so im sure u guys would too....
published: 07 Dec 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Chanel's thong on the Fantasy Factory
i loved watching it so im sure u guys would too.
- published: 07 Dec 2010
- views: 1065934
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:16
Amaia Salamanca en SMS
Famosas: http://suarezfv.com Amaia Salamanca tanga verde en SMS...
published: 15 Dec 2010
author: TheOctoMomLover
Amaia Salamanca en SMS
Famosas: http://suarezfv.com Amaia Salamanca tanga verde en SMS
- published: 15 Dec 2010
- views: 32865
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:35
Oops! Girl Loses Skirt! LOL! Funny Embarrassing Moments
A young girl jams her skirt in the taxi door, and lose her skirt in public. Very embarrass...
published: 06 Jan 2011
author: TheOctoMomLover
Oops! Girl Loses Skirt! LOL! Funny Embarrassing Moments
A young girl jams her skirt in the taxi door, and lose her skirt in public. Very embarrassing and very funny, LOL! Tips & tricks to avoid social embarrassment: www.theblushersmanual.com
- published: 06 Jan 2011
- views: 260996
- author: TheOctoMomLover
Vimeo results:
10:00
oops
"oops" || appropriated YouTube video || 2009 || concept by Billy Rennekamp
// http://beckm...
published: 31 Jul 2010
author: Chris Beckman
oops
"oops" || appropriated YouTube video || 2009 || concept by Billy Rennekamp
// http://beckmanchris.com/info/oops
// http://billyrennekamp.com
A winner of the 2010 Vimeo Awards! http://vimeo.com/awards/about
Official Selection of the 2011 Sundance Film Festival! http://bit.ly/sundance2011
0:28
how to lose $2400 in 24 seconds
regrettably filmed by Kurtis Hough
KH Studios, 2011
www.khstudios.com
Twitter: twitter.co...
published: 30 Nov 2011
author: Kurtis Hough
how to lose $2400 in 24 seconds
regrettably filmed by Kurtis Hough
KH Studios, 2011
www.khstudios.com
Twitter: twitter.com/kurtishough
happy 40th anniversary Northwest Film Center
1:17
Gaze into Space
Model: Marcelina
Video: Simon Bolz
Music:
Feeling Dark (Behind The Mask) by 7OOP3D
http:...
published: 27 Apr 2011
author: Simon Bolz
Gaze into Space
Model: Marcelina
Video: Simon Bolz
Music:
Feeling Dark (Behind The Mask) by 7OOP3D
http://dig.ccmixter.org/dig?user=7OOP3D
This is a teaser clip to the photo series "Gaze into Space" by Simon Bolz, http://www.simonbolz.com.
11:26
Introducción a Groovy
Este screencast hace una introducción a Groovy, el lenguaje dinámico para la JVM, se muest...
published: 15 Jan 2010
author: Grails.org.mx
Introducción a Groovy
Este screencast hace una introducción a Groovy, el lenguaje dinámico para la JVM, se muestra y compara como desarrollar un típico Hola Mundo a la manera Groovy. Se recomienda para principiantes
Youtube results:
1:47
Carla Carrillo Jeans Tanga Negra HD
...
published: 24 Jan 2011
author: TheOctoMomLover
Carla Carrillo Jeans Tanga Negra HD
- published: 24 Jan 2011
- views: 107585
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:18
ali vs penny
womens bjj kinda...
published: 28 Jan 2011
author: TheOctoMomLover
ali vs penny
womens bjj kinda
- published: 28 Jan 2011
- views: 19324
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:41
Lucy Verasamy 240910
Lucy Verasamy...
published: 21 Feb 2011
author: TheOctoMomLover
Lucy Verasamy 240910
Lucy Verasamy
- published: 21 Feb 2011
- views: 9348
- author: TheOctoMomLover
0:15
Sara Corrales mostrando tanga (Vecinos)
En la caida se le ve la tanguita...
published: 25 Feb 2011
author: TheOctoMomLover
Sara Corrales mostrando tanga (Vecinos)
En la caida se le ve la tanguita
- published: 25 Feb 2011
- views: 464847
- author: TheOctoMomLover
photo: AP / David Guttenfelder
07 Mar 2013
Posted. March 7, 2013. North Korea threatened a preemptive nuclear attack against the United States ahead of an upcoming vote on additional UN sanctions against Pyongyang. The country also accused the United States of performing military drills in South Korea as a launching pad for nuclear war. North Korea adds that it plans to scrap the armistice that ended Korean War hostilities ... The statement read. ... Category. Asia. Tags ... Posted ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
07 Mar 2013
The conflict has wreaked political havoc for both Malaysia and the neighboring Philippines ... Ismail said at least 52 Filipinos have now been killed in the past week since hostilities in the Sabah security crisis escalated ... World news....(size: 1.3Kb)
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Manila. Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
06 Mar 2013
North Korea has threatened to cancel the 1953 ceasefire that ended the Korean War, citing a US-led push for punishing UN sanctions over its recent nuclear test and ongoing US-South Korean joint military drills. The threat came on Tuesday as the United States, with Chinese backing, introduced a draft UN resolution to punish North Korea for its nuclear test on February 12 ... 415 Source.. Agencies. Share. Send Feedback ... China ... News ... ....(size: 7.2Kb)
photo: AP / Andrew Medichini
07 Mar 2013
Former Italian former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi has been sentenced to a year in prison over the publication of leaked transcripts from a police wiretap in one of his newspapers. Mr Berlusconi, who faces two more verdicts this month for tax fraud and having sex with an underage prostitute, can appeal the conviction and so doing suspend the sentence under Italian law ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
CNBC
08 Mar 2013
Korean carmaker Kia has touched off an unanticipated firestorm with the debut of its Provo concept vehicle at this year's Geneva Motor Show. Finding a suitable name for a vehicle is never easy, usually because the best choices are already taken, but occasionally because they might carry some inadvertently negative meaning ... The red-faced automaker quickly made a U-turn ... The Japanese maker ultimately decided to name its truck the Tundra. ....(size: 2.9Kb)
Atlanta Journal
08 Mar 2013
Hey, it’s still Kentucky. Sure, the defending national champions aren’t the dominant force they were a year ago. But don’t bother telling that to the Georgia crowd that came to Stegeman Coliseum for Thursday night’s nationally-televised matchup. They had the place rocking as the Bulldogs pulled the way in the second half on their way to a 72-62 victory ... The Bulldogs went ahead 44-34 on Donte Williams’ alley-oop dunk off a feed from Mann....(size: 3.3Kb)
Huffington Post
07 Mar 2013
Jaw-dropping dunks have become so common place in Lob City that Jamal Crawford opted to pass the ball between his legs before setting up Blake Griffin for an alley-oop slam because he ... While LeBron James' pre-game throwdowns and his highlight reel alley-oop connections with Dwyane Wade have rightfully garnered attention all season, this play might have topped any dunk from South Beach....(size: 2.5Kb)
Business Insider
07 Mar 2013
And even then, this alley-oop between Jamal Crawford's legs to Blake Griffin needs to be seen to be ......(size: 0.7Kb)
Huffington Post
07 Mar 2013
Blake Griffin of the Los Angeles Clippers prepares to score against the Milwaukee Bucks in Los Angeles, California on March 6, 2013. By Jose Martinez, Complex Sports ... Last night, Jamal Crawford and Blake Griffin utilized the 4th quarter of their easy win over the Milwaukee Bucks to break out one of the sickest alley-oops ever ... RELATED ... Mbenga ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
07 Mar 2013
Matthew Haag writes about the Dallas Independent School District ... ....(size: 0.5Kb)
U~T San Diego
07 Mar 2013
SAN DIEGO — With the exception of some nice alley-oop slam dunks early on, there wasn't much pretty about San Diego State's victory against Air Force. Then again, the win was all that mattered ... 4 seed in the conference tournament next week in Las Vegas ... Franklin threw an alley-oop pass to Tapley for a slam dunk. Tapley returned the favor when he threw an alley-oop pass to Franklin on the baseline for a reverse dunk and a 12-7 lead ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Huffington Post
07 Mar 2013
AUBURN HILLS, Mich. -- Raymond Felton scored 26 points, and the New York Knicks pulled away in the fourth quarter to beat the Detroit Pistons 87-77 on Wednesday night despite Carmelo Anthony's absence ... The Knicks have won five of six heading into Thursday's home game against Oklahoma City ... NOTES ... ... Long Distance Alley-Oop - 11/7/12 ... Wade Monster Alley-Oop - 12/2/12 ... Paul and Bledsoe Alley-Oop - 12/21/12 ... Smith's Reverse Alley-Oop - 1/3/13....(size: 5.1Kb)
The Source
07 Mar 2013
... people up or hitting threes, he's throwing alley-oops to Blake Griffin....(size: 0.4Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
07 Mar 2013
RALEIGH N.C. State let a 16-point lead slip away at Wake Forest in January. C.J ... N.C ... It was the final home game together for N.C ... Leslie’s steal and alley-oop to Brown for a 49-28 lead at the 16.12 mark in the second half brought a big smile to Leslie’s face and a rare, celebratory fist-pump ... N.C ... The steal and alley-oop for Brown followed, and Wake wouldn’t get closer than 16 points until the final minute of the game....(size: 3.2Kb)
Houston Chronicle
07 Mar 2013
Perry turned into a punch line after a series of campaign missteps punctuated by his inability to remember all the federal departments he wanted to shut down, a debate lapse that entered the big leagues of embarrassing moments when he gave up with an “oops.” ... Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, U.S ... “There's nothing in the model or the form that predicts 'oops' – or Hurricane Sandy and a big wet kiss from Chris Christie for the president.”....(size: 4.0Kb)
Mashable
07 Mar 2013
The creativity. The artistry ... In other words. a highlight. SEE ALSO. Skylar Diggins Is the Beautiful Hoops Star Twitter Wants to Marry. This isn't just any highlight, though — it's one of the coolest in-game NBA alley-oops of recent and encapsulates everything enchanting about Earth's premier basketball league ... Posterized! YouTube's 12 Most Epic NBA Dunks. Dunks. 1 ... 2 ... He cleared Bulls guard John Lucas to catch this backdoor alley-oop. 3....(size: 4.1Kb)
 |
Look up oops or OOPS in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Oops or OOPS may refer to:
|
Entertainment[link]
- "Oops" (Frasier episode) an episode of the TV program Frasier
- Oops!… I Did It Again, a 2000 album by Britney Spears
- "Oops!… I Did It Again" (song), a song from the album
- Ooops!, a 2002 British Children's Television show
- Ooops! (1970s TV series), a French-Canadian TV comedy series
- "Oops (Oh My)", a song by Missy Elliot
- "Oops!" (song), by Super Junior featuring f(x)
Other[link]
- An interjection made in response to the observation of a minor mistake, usually written as "Oops!" or "Whoops!"
- Linux kernel oops, a response created from the abnormal operation of the Linux kernel
See also[link]
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
http://wn.com/Oops
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Упс
http://fr.wn.com/Oops
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oops
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Rick Perry | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Rick Perry in February 2012. | |
| 47th Governor of Texas | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office December 21, 2000 |
|
| Lieutenant | Bill Ratliff David Dewhurst |
| Preceded by | George W. Bush |
| 39th Lieutenant Governor of Texas | |
| In office January 19, 1999 – December 21, 2000 |
|
| Governor | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Bob Bullock |
| Succeeded by | Bill Ratliff |
| 9th Commissioner of Agriculture of Texas | |
| In office January 15, 1991 – January 19, 1999 |
|
| Governor | Ann Richards George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Jim Hightower |
| Succeeded by | Susan Combs |
| Member of the House of Representatives of Texas from District 64 |
|
| In office 1985–1991 |
|
| Preceded by | Joe Hanna |
| Succeeded by | John Cook |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Richard Perry (1950-03-04) March 4, 1950 (age 62) Paint Creek, Texas |
| Political party | Republican Party (since 1989) Democratic Party (until 1989) |
| Spouse(s) | Anita Thigpen |
| Children | Griffin Sydney |
| Residence | West Austin, Texas (Temporary residence since 2007, during repairs to the Texas Governor's Mansion)[1] |
| Alma mater | Texas A&M University (B.S.) |
| Profession | Military Officer Farmer Politician |
| Religion | Christianity (evangelical) [2] |
| Signature |  |
| Website | www.governor.state.tx.us |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1972–1977 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | 772nd Tactical Airlift Squadron |
 |
This article is part of a series about Rick Perry |
Mitt Romney
 |
|---|---|---|
|
2012 Presidential Campaign |
||
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is the 47th and current Governor of Texas. Perry, a Republican, was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was elected to full gubernatorial terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010. With a tenure in office to date of &1000000000000001100000011 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days, Perry is the longest continuously serving current U.S. governor, and the second longest serving current U.S. governor—after Terry Branstad of Iowa. Perry served as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association in 2008 (succeeding Sonny Perdue of Georgia) and again in 2011.[3] Perry is the longest serving governor in Texas state history. As a result, he is the only governor in modern Texas history to have appointed at least one person to every eligible state office, board, or commission position (as well as to several elected offices to which the governor can appoint someone to fill an unexpired term, such as six of the nine current members of the Texas Supreme Court).
Perry won the Texas 2010 Republican gubernatorial primary election, defeating U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison and former Wharton County Republican Party Chairwoman and businesswoman Debra Medina.[4] In the 2010 Texas gubernatorial election, Perry won a third term by defeating former Houston mayor Bill White and Kathie Glass.[5]
On August 13, 2011, Perry announced in South Carolina that he was running for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election. On January 19, 2012, Perry announced he would be suspending his campaign for the Republican nomination, and endorsed Newt Gingrich.
Contents |
Early life, education, and military service[link]
A fifth-generation Texan, Perry was born in Paint Creek, about 60 miles (97 km) north of Abilene in West Texas, to ranchers Joseph Ray Perry and the former Amelia June Holt. Perry's ancestry is almost entirely English, dating as far back as the original thirteen colonies. His family has been in Texas since before the Texan Revolution.[6][7][8]
His father, a Democrat, was a long-time Haskell County commissioner and school board member. Perry has said that his interest in politics probably began in November 1961, when his father took him to the funeral of U.S. Representative Sam Rayburn (D-TX),[9] who during his long public career served as speaker of the Texas House for a short time at the age of 29 and then later for 17 years as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Perry was in the Boy Scouts (BSA) and earned the rank of Eagle Scout; his son, Griffin, would later become an Eagle Scout as well.[10][11] The BSA has honored Perry with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.[12]
Perry graduated from Paint Creek High School in 1968. He then attended Texas A&M University, where he was a member of the Corps of Cadets, a member of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity, was elected senior class social secretary, and was also elected as one of A&M's five yell leaders.[13][14] Perry graduated in 1972 with a Bachelor of Science in animal science.[15][16]
Perry said that the Corps of Cadets gave him the discipline to complete his animal sciences degree and earn a commission in the Air Force. In a 1989 interview he said that "I was probably a bit of a free spirit, not particularly structured real well for life outside of a military regime, I would have not lasted at Texas Tech or the University of Texas. I would have hit the fraternity scene and lasted about one semester."[15] Perry was a prankster in college: he once placed live chickens in the closet of an upperclassman during Christmas break and used M-80 firecrackers to prank students using the toilet.[15]
In the early 1970s, Perry interned during several summers with the Southwestern Company, as a door-to-door book salesman. "I count my time working for Dortch Oldham [President of the Southwestern Company] as one of the most important formative experiences of my life," Perry said in 2010. "There is nothing that tests your commitment to a goal like getting a few doors closed in your face." He said that "Mr. Oldham taught legions of young people to communicate quickly, clearly and with passion, a lesson that has served me well in my life since then."[17]
Upon graduation in 1972, Perry was commissioned in the Air Force and completed pilot training in February 1974. He was then assigned as a C-130 pilot to the 772nd Tactical Airlift Squadron at Dyess Air Force Base. Perry's duties included two-month overseas rotations at RAF Mildenhall in England and Rhein-Main Air Base in Germany. His missions included a 1974 U.S. State Department drought relief effort in Mali, Mauritania and Chad, and two years later, earthquake relief in Guatemala.[18] He left the Air Force in 1977 with the rank of captain, returned to Texas, and went into business farming cotton with his father.[19]
Early political career[link]
Texas Legislature[link]
In 1984, Perry was elected to the Texas House of Representatives as a Democrat from district 64, which included his home county of Haskell. He served on the House Appropriations and Calendars committees during his three two-year terms in office. He befriended fellow freshman state representative Lena Guerrero of Austin, a staunch liberal Democrat who endorsed Perry's reelection bid in 2006 on personal, rather than philosophical, grounds.
Perry was part of the "Pit Bulls", a group of Appropriations members who sat on the lower dais in the committee room (or "pit") who pushed for austere state budgets during the 1980s.[20] At one point, The Dallas Morning News named him one of the ten most effective members of the legislature.[21]
In 1987, Perry voted for a $5.7 billion tax increase proposed by Republican governor Bill Clements.[22] Perry supported Al Gore in the 1988 Democratic presidential primaries and worked in an unspecified capacity for Gore's campaign in Texas.[23] In 1989, Perry announced that he was switching parties, becoming a Republican.[24]
Agriculture Commissioner[link]
In 1990, as a newly minted Republican, Perry challenged Jim Hightower, the incumbent Democratic Agriculture Commissioner. Hightower had worked on behalf of Jesse Jackson for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988, while Perry had supported U.S. Senator Al Gore of Tennessee.
During 1990, Hightower's office was embroiled in a FBI investigation into corruption and bribery. Three aides were convicted in 1993 of using public funds for political fundraising, although Hightower himself was not found to be involved in the wrongdoings.[25] Perry narrowly defeated Hightower in November 1990.
As Agriculture Commissioner, Perry was responsible for promoting the sale of Texas farm produce to other states and foreign nations, and for supervising the calibration of weights and measures, such as gasoline pumps and grocery store scales.[26]
In April 1993, Perry, while serving as Texas agriculture commissioner, expressed support for the effort to reform the nation's health care, describing it as "most commendable".[27] The health care plan, first revealed in September, was ultimately unsuccessful due to Republican congressional opposition.[28][29][30][31][32] In 2005, after being questioned on the issue by a potential opponent in the Republican governor primary, Perry said that he expressed his support only in order to get Clinton to pay more attention to rural health care.[33]
In 1994, Perry was reelected Agriculture Commissioner by a large margin, getting 2,546,287 votes (62 percent) to Democrat Marvin Gregory's 1,479,692 (36 percent). Libertarian Clyde L. Garland received the remaining 85,836 votes (2 percent).[34] Gregory, a chicken farmer from Sulphur Springs, Texas, was on the Texas Agricultural Finance Authority with Perry in the early nineties, as a Republican. He became a Democrat before running against Perry in 1994.[35]
Lieutenant Governor[link]
In 1998, Perry chose not to seek a third term as Agriculture Commissioner, running instead for Lieutenant Governor to succeed the retiring Democrat Bob Bullock. During this election, Rick Perry had a notable falling out with his previous top political strategist Karl Rove, which began the much-reported rivalry between the Bush and Perry camps.[36] Perry polled 1,858,837 votes (50.04 percent) to the 1,790,106 (48.19 percent) cast for Democrat John Sharp of Victoria, who had relinquished the Comptroller's position after two terms to seek the lieutenant governorship. Libertarian Anthony Garcia polled another 65,150 votes (1.75 percent).[34] Perry thus became the state's first Republican lieutenant governor since Reconstruction, taking office on January 19, 1999.
Governor of Texas[link]
Main article: Governorship of Rick Perry
Perry assumed the office of governor on December 21, 2000, following the resignation of George W. Bush—who was preparing to become President of the United States.[10] He won the office in his own right in the 2002 gubernatorial election, where he received 57.80% of votes to businessman Tony Sanchez's 39.96%.[34] He was re-elected in the 2006 gubernatorial election against three major opponents, polling 39% of votes against runner-up Chris Bell with 29.8%. In the 2010 gubernatorial election, Perry became the first Texas governor to be elected to three four-year terms, polling 54.97% of votes to Bill White's 42.48%.
In his three gubernatorial campaigns, Perry received hard-money campaign contributions of $102 million, half of which came from 204 donors.[37]
In the 2001 legislative session, Perry set a record for his use of the veto, rejecting 82 acts, more than any other governor in any single legislative session in the history of the state since Reconstruction.[38] [39][40]
Fiscal policies[link]
In his presidential campaign, Perry has highlighted the economic success Texas achieved under his governorship, although the true success of his policies has been questioned.[41][42][43][44][45][46] A proclaimed proponent of fiscal conservatism, Perry has often campaigned on job growth and tax issues, such as his opposition to creating a state income tax. Perry refused in 2002 to promise not to raise taxes as governor, and in the following years did propose or approve various tax and debt[47] increases.[48][49][50][51] In 2009, Perry signed Grover Norquist's pledge to "oppose and veto any and all efforts to increase taxes".
Texas began borrowing money in 2003 to pay for roads and will owe $17.3 billion by the end of 2012, increasing total state debt, from $13.4 billion in 2001 to $37.8 billion in 2011.[52] The state's public finance authority sold $2 billion in bonds for unemployment benefits, and it's authorized to sell $1.5 billion more if necessary. Texas federal borrowing topped $1.6 billion in October 2010, before the bond sales.[53] Texans voted November 8, 2011 for a Water Works Bill with an additional $6 billion of debt and against new tax breaks for landowners.[54] A Republican on the Natural Resources Committee laments “we couldn’t get the votes” which would break Perry's pledge not to raise taxes.[55]
In 2003, Perry signed legislation that created the Texas Enterprise Fund, which has since given $435 million in grants to businesses. The New York Times reported that many of the companies receiving grants, or their chief executives, have made contributions to Perry's campaigns or to the Republican Governors Association.[56]
Health[link]
As Governor, Perry has been an outspoken opponent of federal health-care reform proposals and of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, describing the latter as "socialism on American soil".[57] Perry's focus in Texas has been on tort reform, signing a bill in 2003 which restricted non-economic damages in medical malpractice judgments.[58] Perry touted this approach in his Presidential campaign, although independent analysts have concluded that it has failed to increase the supply of physicians or limit health-care costs in Texas.[57][59]
During Perry's governorship, Texas rose from second to first among states with the highest proportion of uninsured residents at 26%, and had the lowest level of access to prenatal care in the U.S.[57] Perry and the Republican-led state legislature have cut Medicaid spending and made it more difficult to enroll in the program, which currently covers one-third of Texas children.[57] The cost of caring for uninsured Texans has been borne by those with insurance, leading to substantial rises in insurance premiums and leading Texas to rank next-to-last among states in terms of affordability of health insurance.[60] The Los Angeles Times wrote that under Perry, "working Texans increasingly have been priced out of private healthcare while the state's safety net has withered."[60]
Perry's office has argued that Texas represents a model private-sector approach to health-care. His spokeswoman stated that "Texas does provide an adequate safety net to those truly in need... and many individuals simply choose not to purchase healthcare coverage."[60]
Perry is pro-life and has signed multiple bills creating new rules or restrictions for abortion procedures and funding for such.[61][62] These bills include a May 2010 law requiring that a sonogram be performed prior to every abortion, and that the practitioner discuss the sonogram images with the patient except in limited cases where the patient may waive the explanation.[63][64][65] In December 2011, Perry said he had undergone a "transformation" and now opposed all abortions, including in cases of rape and incest. The next day he clarified that he would allow an exception for abortions that would save a mother's life.[66][67]
In February 2007, Perry issued an executive order mandating that Texas girls receive the HPV vaccine, which protects against some strains of the human papilloma virus, a contributing factor to some forms of cervical cancer.[68] Following the move, news outlets reported various apparent financial connections between Perry and the vaccine's manufacturer, Merck.[68][69] Merck's political action committee has contributed $28,500 since 2001 to Perry's campaigns.[70] The order was criticized by some parents and social conservatives, and a lawsuit was filed later that month.[71] In May 2007, the Texas Legislature passed a bill undoing the order; Perry did not veto the bill, saying the veto would have been overruled, but blamed lawmakers who supported the bill for the deaths of future cancer victims.[72]
In 2011, Governor Perry both had adult stem cell surgery himself, in Houston by Dr. Jones, and started "laying the groundwork" for the commercialization of the adult stem cell industry in Texas.[73][74]
Religion[link]
Perry grew up in the Methodist church, until 2010 when he began attending Lake Hills Church in Austin.[2] In 2006, Perry stated that he believes in the inerrancy of the Bible and that those who do not accept Jesus as their savior will go to hell. He later clarified, "I don't know that there's any human being that has the ability to interpret what God and his final decision-making is going to be."[75] In his 2008 book On My Honor, Perry expressed his views on the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. "Let's be clear: I don't believe government, which taxes people regardless of their faith, should espouse a specific faith. I also don't think we should allow a small minority of atheists to sanitize our civil dialogue on religious references."[76] In June 2011, Perry proclaimed August 6 as a Day of Prayer and Fasting, inviting other governors to join him in a prayer meeting hosted by the American Family Association in Houston.[77][78] The event was criticized as going beyond prayer and fasting to include launching Perry's presidential campaign.[79]
Perry has called himself "a firm believer in intelligent design as a matter of faith and intellect", and has expressed support for its teaching alongside evolution in Texas schools, but has also said that "educators and local school officials, not the governor, should determine science curriculum."[80]
Education[link]
Perry has repeatedly attacked the Robin Hood plan to provide court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state. In 2005, following rejection of Perry's proposal to replace the Robin Hood plan, Perry vetoed all funding for public schools for the 2007–2008 biennium, saying he would not "approve an education budget that shortchanges teacher salary increases, textbooks, education technology, and education reforms. And I cannot let $2 billion sit in some bank account when it can go directly to the classroom."[81] Following a second rejection of Perry's bill, Perry asked John Sharp to head a task force charged with preparing a bipartisan education plan, which was subsequently adopted.[82][83]
In 2001, Perry expressed his pride in the enactment of the statute extending in-state tuition to undocumented immigrants who meet Texas' residency requirements. It also required the undocumented students to pledge to apply for permanent residency or citizenship if this became a possibility for them.[84]
LGBT issues[link]
In 2002, Perry described the Texas same-sex anti-sodomy law as "appropriate".[85] The United States Supreme Court's civil rights decision in Lawrence v. Texas struck down the statute Perry referred to the following year for violating the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Perry supported the 2005 ballot proposition which amended the Texas constitution by defining marriage as "only a union between a man and a woman" and prohibiting the state from creating or recognizing "any legal status identical or similar to marriage".[86] In 2011, after New York legalized same-sex marriage, Perry stated that it was their right to do so under the principle of states' rights delineated in the 10th Amendment.[87] A spokesman later reiterated Perry's support for a federal constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, saying that position was not inconsistent since an amendment would require approval by three-fourths of the states.[88]
In his first book, On My Honor, published in 2008, Perry drew a parallel between homosexuality and alcoholism, writing that he is "no expert on the 'nature versus nurture' debate", but that gays should simply choose abstinence.[89] During the 2012 presidential campaign, he criticized the repeal of "don't ask, don't tell".[90]
Crime[link]
Perry's campaigns for lieutenant governor and governor focused on a tough stance on crime. He has supported block grants for crime programs.[91]
Jeff L. Blackburn, chief counsel of the Innocence Project of Texas, said of Perry that "He has done more good than any other governor we've ever had ... unless, of course, it involves the death penalty. On the death penalty, Rick Perry has a profound mental block".[92]
In 2007, Perry signed a law ending automatic arrest for marijuana possession.[93]
Death penalty[link]
 |
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (November 2011) |
For more details on this topic, see Capital punishment in Texas.
Perry supports the death penalty.[94] In June 2002, he vetoed a ban on the execution of mentally retarded inmates.[91] As of August 10, 2011, Texas has carried out 234 executions since Rick Perry became governor.[95] Cases in which Perry has been criticized for his lack of intervention include those of Cameron Todd Willingham, Frances Newton, and Mexican nationals José Medellín and Humberto Leal Garcia.[96][97][98][99]
Perry commuted the death sentence of Kenneth Foster, who was convicted of murder despite evidence that he was only present at the scene of the crime.[100] Perry also pardoned Tyrone Brown, who was sentenced to life in a Texas maximum security prison for smoking marijuana while on probation.[101] Perry's actions in both these cases were following the recommendation of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles.[100][101]
Infrastructure[link]
In 2001, Perry proposed the Trans-Texas Corridor, a $145+ billion-dollar project that would build multi-lane highways, rail lines and data lines from Oklahoma to Mexico, and from east to west in southern Texas. Instead of paying for the project with taxes, Perry proposed that it be partially financed, partially built and wholly operated by private contractors, who would subsequently receive all toll proceeds.[102] All of Perry's gubernatorial opponents opposed the corridor project, as did the 2006 state party platforms of both the Democratic and Republican parties.[103][104] After much contentious debate between supporters and opponents, an official decision of "no action" was issued by the Federal Highway Administration on July 20, 2010, formally ending the project.
Gun ownership[link]
Perry has an A+ rating from the National Rifle Association.[105] He possesses a Concealed Handgun License (CHL)[106] and has signed a number of bills that increased CHL access.[107]
2012 presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Rick Perry presidential campaign, 2012
Until 2011, Perry persistently denied aspirations to higher office; he was originally included on the 2012 Presidential Straw Poll ballot at the Values Voter Summit in September 2009, but his name was removed at his own request.[108] In April 2008 while appearing as a guest on CNBC's Kudlow & Company, he specifically stated that he would not agree to serve as Vice President in a McCain administration, stating that he already had "the best job in the world" as governor of Texas. Further, during a Republican gubernatorial debate in January 2010, when asked if he would commit to serving out his term if re-elected, he replied that "the place hasn't been made yet" where he would rather serve than the governor of Texas. In December 2010, when asked if he was a "definite maybe" to run for President in 2012, he replied, "a definite no, brother".[109]
On May 27, 2011, he said he is "going to think about" running for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination after the close of the Texas legislative session.[110] Perry said in a response to a question from a reporter, "but I think about a lot of things," he added with a grin.[111]
On August 11, a Perry spokesman said that he will be running for President in 2012, with plans to announce his formal entry into the race the next day, August 12.[112][113] Perry himself confirmed it on a visit to KVUE, the ABC affiliate in Austin. As the Associated Press bulletin announcing his entry into the race came across the wire, Perry signed and dated a printed copy of the bulletin.[114]
On August 13, Perry officially announced that he will be running for president.[115]
In October 2011, the Washington Post reported that Perry's family leases a hunting camp once called "Niggerhead". According to some local residents interviewed by the Post, the Perrys used the camp for years before painting over a large rock with that name on it, which stands at an entrance to the area, and during this time Perry hosted friends and supporters at the camp.[116] Perry's campaign disputed the claims, stating that the Perrys painted over the rock almost immediately after acquiring a lease on the property in 1983.[117][118]
On December 6, Perry released a Presidential campaign video on YouTube called "Strong" discussing his religious beliefs, as well as criticism of Obama's governance.[119] The video states "there's something wrong in this country when gays can serve openly in the military, but your kids can't openly celebrate Christmas." The video has been largely criticised in the on-line community and has received over 750,000 dislikes on YouTube.[120]
Perry announced on January 19, 2012, that he would be dropping out of the 2012 Presidential Race, publicly endorsing Newt Gingrich.[121] However on April 25, 2012, Perry endorsed Mitt Romney after Gingrich announced that he drop out a week later.
Political views[link]
See: Political positions of Rick Perry
Publications[link]
Rick Perry has written two books:
- On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts are Worth Fighting For was published in February 2008.[122] In his book, Perry celebrates the positive impact of the organization on the youth of America and criticizes the ACLU for its legal actions against the Boy Scouts of America.[123]
- His second book, Fed Up! Our Fight to Save America from Washington was published in November 2010.[124] Perry's second book discusses his support for limited central government.
Perry has also written a lecture about the role of the federal government and the military in disaster management titled Federalizing Disaster Response.[125]
Personal life[link]
In 1982, Perry married Anita Thigpen, his childhood sweetheart whom he had known since elementary school. They have two grown children, Griffin and Sydney. Anita Perry attended West Texas State University and earned a degree in nursing. She has spearheaded a number of health-related initiatives such as the Anita Thigpen Perry Endowment at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, which focuses on nutrition, cardiovascular disease, health education, and early childhood development.[126] Anita has also helped develop and host the Texas Conference for Women.[127]
Electoral history[link]
| Texas Gubernatorial Election 2002 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Rick Perry (Incumbent) | 2,617,106 | 58.1 | ||
| Democratic | Tony Sanchez | 1,809,915 | 40.3 | ||
| Texas Gubernatorial Election 2006 [128] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Rick Perry (Incumbent) | 1,716,792 | 39.02 | -19.08 | |
| Democratic | Chris Bell | 1,310,337 | 29.78 | -10.52 | |
| Independent | Carole Keeton Strayhorn | 796,851 | 18.11 | ||
| Independent | Richard “Kinky” Friedman | 547,674 | 12.44 | ||
| Libertarian | James Werner | 26,749 | 0.60 | ||
| Texas Gubernatorial Election 2010[5] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Rick Perry (Incumbent) | 2,733,784 | 54.97 | +15.95 | |
| Democratic | Bill White | 2,102,606 | 42.28 | +12.50 | |
| Libertarian | Kathie Glass | 109,057 | 2.19 | ||
| Green | Deb Shafto | 19,475 | .39 | ||
| Independent | Andy Barron (Write-In) | 7,973 | .16 | ||
References[link]
- ^ Selby, W. Gardner; Novak, Shonda (September 27, 2007), "Rent will run about $10,000 a month for house on Hickory Creek Drive.", Austin American-Statesman, http://www.statesman.com/news/content/region/legislature/stories/09/27/0927house.html, retrieved May 19, 2011
- ^ a b Joshunda Sanders, Jason Embry. "Candidates attending more than one church". Statesman. http://www.statesman.com/news/texas-politics/governors_race/candidates-mirror-population-in-attending-more-than-one-1009306.html. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
- ^ "RGA Announces New Leadership". Republican Governors Association. 2010-11-18. http://www.rga.org/homepage/rga-announces-new-leadership/. Retrieved 2011-03-26.
- ^ "Texas Governor Profile". The New York Times. http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/governor/texas. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "TX Governor Race - Nov 02, 2010". Our Campaigns. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=404248. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
- ^ "rick perry". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/perry.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ politicks Org. "Perry's Ancestry". 2012.republican-candidates.org. http://2012.republican-candidates.org/Perry/Ancestry.php. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Surname Database: Perry Last Name Origin". Surnamedb.com. http://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Perry. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Richard L. Connor: Texas' Perry might surprise Obama in 2012". Maine Sunday Telegram. June 5, 2011. http://www.pressherald.com/opinion/texas-perry-might-surprise-obama-in-2012_2011-06-05.html. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ a b "Texas Governor Rick Perry". Office of the Governor. http://www.governor.state.tx.us/about. Retrieved 2006-11-08.
- ^ Lucas, Fred (February 11, 2008). "Texas Governor Urges Protection for Boy Scouts of America". Cybercast News Service. Archived from the original on May 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080518183709/http://www.cnsnews.com/ViewCulture.asp?Page=/Culture/archive/200802/CUL20080211b.html. Retrieved August 12, 2011.
- ^ "Distinguished Eagle Scout Award". Boy Scouts of America. http://www.scouting.org/filestore/pdf/02-529.pdf. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- ^ Hylton, Hilary (2009-01-25). "Bush Returns to a Divided Texas Republican Party". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1873143,00.html.
- ^ http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/cheerleading-politics/story?id=16380524#5
- ^ a b c Hooks, Chris (August 2, 2011). "Texas A&M Years Launched Perry — and a Rivalry". The Texas Tribune (Austin). http://www.texastribune.org/texas-people/rick-perry/perry-aggie-years/. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Jacobs, Jennifer (September 21, 2011). "Trivia question: Which presidential candidate has a degree in economics?". The Des Moines Register. http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/09/21/trivia-question-which-presidential-candidate-has-a-degree-in-economics/. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
- ^ Wood, E. Thomas (2009-02-27). "Dortch Oldham dies at 89". NashvillePost.com. http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2009/2/27/dortch_oldham_dies_at_89. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
- ^ "For Rick Perry, Air Force Service Broadened and Narrowed Life". The New York Times. November 25, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/us/politics/for-rick-perry-air-force-service-broadened-and-narrowed-life.html?pagewanted=all.
- ^ "Candidates' Corner 2012- Rick Perry". U.S. Global Leadership Coalition | American Foreign Policy & Foreign Affairs - Usglc.org. August 13, 2011. http://www.usglc.org/2011/08/12/rick-perry/. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Camia, Catalina (July 15, 2011). "GOP's Rick Perry spent early years as a Democrat". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2011/07/rick-perry-presidential-race-former-democrat/1. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "71st Legislature, 6th C.S., HR63.". Legislative Reference Library of Texas. 1990. http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/scanned/members/honorary/71/Perry_Rick_HR63.pdf. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
- ^ Jay Root, Rick Perry: The Democrat Years The Texas Tribune July 14, 2011.
- ^ "Rick Perry backed Al Gore, didn't lead his Texas campaign". PolitiFact. http://www.politifact.com/texas/article/2011/sep/07/perry-backed-gore-did-not-lead-his-texas-campaign/. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "50 Things You need to Know about Governor Rick Perry" Dallas Morning News February 19, 2010.
- ^ Three ex-aides to Hightower are sentenced Houston Chronicle. November 11, 1993
- ^ "What is the Texas Department of Agriculture?". Texas Department of Agriculture. http://www.agr.state.tx.us/agr/main_render/0,1968,1848_8330_0_0,00.html?channelId=8330. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Ashford-Grooms, Meghan (September 24, 2011). "Ron Paul says Rick Perry wrote a letter supporting Hillarycare". Austin American-Statesman / PolitiFact.com. http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2011/sep/24/ron-paul/ron-paul-says-rick-perry-wrote-letter-supporting-h/. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ R.G. Ratcliffe (March 29, 2005). "Perry letter commending Hillary Clinton found". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Perry-letter-commending-Hillary-Clinton-found-1914428.phpa.
- ^ "Tea Party faithful wonder if Rick Perry walks the walk". Accuracy in Media. August 10, 2011. http://www.aim.org/newswire/tea-party-faithful-wonder-if-rick-perry-walks-the-walk/. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- ^ Ramsey, Ross (July 14, 2011). "Perry, Social Conservatives and the Road to the Top". The Texas Tribune. http://www.texastribune.org/texas-politics/2012-presidential-election/perry-social-conservatives-and-the-road-to-the-top/.
- ^ Ratcliffe, R.G. (September 10, 2009). "The video Perry's campaign can't resist using". San Antonio Express-News. http://blog.mysanantonio.com/texas-politics/2009/09/the-video-perrys-campaign-cant-resist-using/.
- ^ Mark, David. Going dirty: the Art of Negative Campaigning. p. 127.
- ^ Ratcliffe, R.G. (March 30, 2005). "Perry says Hutchison-Clinton video politics as usual". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Perry-says-Hutchison-Clinton-video-politics-as-1660157.php.
- ^ a b c http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/
- ^ Swartz, Mimi (September 2011). "The Great Campaigner". Texas Monthly. http://www.texasmonthly.com/2011-09-01/feature7.php.
- ^ "POLITICO: If Rick Perry gets in, will Karl Rove be out?". http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0711/59687.html. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
- ^ Taibbi, Matt (October 26, 2011), "Rick Perry: The Best Little Whore In Texas", Rolling Stone, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/rick-perry-the-best-little-whore-in-texas-20111026?page=3, retrieved 2011-11-20
- ^ "The Executive Branch: Budgetary Powers", Texas Politics, University of Texas at Austin, retrieved June 20, 2011
- ^ "The Limits of the Veto", Texas Politics, University of Texas at Austin, retrieved June 20, 2011
- ^ Aaronson, Becca (June 17, 2011), "Vetoes — Then and Now", The Texas Tribune (Austin), http://www.texastribune.org/texas-legislature/82nd-legislative-session/on-the-records-vetoes--then-and-now/, retrieved June 20, 2011
- ^ Luhby, Tami (August 12, 2011). "Rick Perry and his Texas jobs boom: The whole story - Aug. 12, 2011". CNNMoney.com. http://money.cnn.com/2011/08/12/news/economy/perry_texas_jobs/. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "West Texans React to Perry's Presidency Run". Odessa, TX: KWES-TV. August 13, 2011. http://www.newswest9.com/story/15263295/west-texans-react-to-perrys-presidency-run. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "The Lone Star Jobs Surge". The Wall Street Journal. June 10, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304259304576375480710070472.html. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Plumer, Brad (2011-07-28). "Breaking down Rick Perry's 'Texas miracle' - Ezra Klein". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/breaking-down-rick-perrys-texas-miracle/2011/08/15/gIQAzRHFHJ_blog.html. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Rick Perry's four economic vulnerabilities - TODAY News - TODAY.com". Today.msnbc.msn.com. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/44164452/ns/business-us_business/. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ The Texas Unmiracle By PAUL KRUGMAN, New York Times, August 14, 2011
- ^ Texas Department of Transportation (State of Texas). "Proposition 12 (General Obligation Bond Projects)". Txdot.gov. http://www.txdot.gov/project_information/prop12.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
- ^ Gleckman, Howard (August 16, 2011). "Rick Perry's Changing Take On Raising Taxes". Forbes.
- ^ "The Texas pole tax". The Economist. January 3, 2008.
- ^ "Gov. Perry Signs Landmark Business Tax Reform" (Press release). Office of the Governor. May 18, 2006. http://governor.state.tx.us/news/press-release/2426/. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ "New Texas Margin Tax – Business or Income Tax". accountingweb.com. August 16, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Analyzing Rick Perry’s record: Texas transportation needs left behind | Texas on the Potomac | a Chron.com blog". Blog.chron.com. 2011-08-20. http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/2011/08/analyzing-rick-perrys-record-texas-transportation-needs-left-behind/. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Schnurman, Mitchell. "Texas' debt practices contradict Perry's rhetoric | News | News from Fort Worth, Dallas". Star-telegram.com. http://www.star-telegram.com/2011/07/15/3225103/texas-debt-practices-contradict.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Galbraith, Kate (November 9, 2011). "Texas Water Propositions Meet Different Fates". Texas Tribune.
- ^ Mildenberg, David; McFerron, Whitney (October 14, 2011). "Texans Face Billions in Water Works Bills as Drought Saps Perry's Economy". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-14/water-starved-texas-rice-crops-erode-u-s-harvest-prospects-as-prices-gain.html.
- ^ Perry Mines Texas System to Raise Cash, by Nicholas Confessore and Michael Lu, New York Times, August 20, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Sack, Kevin (September 3, 2011). "G.O.P. Candidates’ Stances on Health Care Mask Their Records as Governors". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/04/us/politics/04governors.html. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
- ^ Blumenthal, Ralph (September 15, 2003). "Malpractice Suits Capped at $750,000 in Texas Vote". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/15/us/malpractice-suits-capped-at-750000-in-texas-vote.html.
- ^ Paik, Myungho; Black, Bernard S.; Hyman, David A.; Silver, Charles M. (July 16, 2010). "Will Tort Reform Bend the Cost Curve? Evidence from Texas". Social Science Research Network. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1635882. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
- ^ a b c Levey, Noam (September 8, 2011). "Texas healthcare system withering under Gov. Perry". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/08/nation/la-na-perry-healthcare-20110908. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
- ^ "Rick Perry Gets A Grade on Abortion From Texas Pro-Life Groups". LifeNews.com. 2011-06-10. http://www.lifenews.com/2011/07/26/rick-perry-gets-a-grade-on-abortion-from-texas-pro-life-groups/. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ July 21st, 2011 (2011-07-21). "Texas Gov. Rick Perry Signs Bill De-Funding Planned Parenthood". Catholic Tide. http://www.catholictide.com/21/texas-gov-rick-perry-signs-bill-de-funding-planned-parenthood/. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ "Texas House passes abortion-ultrasound bill without exceptions | AHN". Allheadlinenews.com. http://www.allheadlinenews.com/briefs/articles/90038375. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Democrats derail sonogram bill, at least for a day". Statesman.com. 2011-08-24. http://www.statesman.com/news/texas-politics/democrats-derail-sonogram-bill-at-least-for-a-1294019.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ "Texas Gov. Rick Perry Signs Ultrasound Before Abortion Bill". Lifenews.com. 2011-05-20. http://www.lifenews.com/2011/05/20/texas-gov-rick-perry-signs-ultrasound-before-abortion-bill/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+lifenews%2Fnewsfeed+%28LifeNews.com%29. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ Saenz, Arlette. "Rick Perry Clarifies Abortion Stand, Mother’s Life Only Exception." ABC News, 28 December 2011.
- ^ Philpott, Ben. "Rick Perry Pivots on Abortion." KUT News, 27 December 2011.
- ^ a b Carney, Timothy (June 21, 2011) "Rick Perry's mixed record on regulatory robbery", The Washington Examiner
- ^ Peterson, Liz Austin (February 22, 2007). "Perry's staff discussed vaccine on day Merck donated to campaign". Austin American-Statesman. Associated Press. http://www.statesman.com/news/content/region/legislature/stories/02/22/22perry.html. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Mason, Melanie. "Rick Perry understated drug company campaign cash." Los Angeles Times, September 13, 2011.
- ^ "Texas Families Seek to Block Gov's Order". Associated Press. Newsmax Media. February 25, 2007. http://newsmax.com/archives/articles/2007/2/25/111903.shtml. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ MacLaggan, Corrie (May 9, 2007). "Perry lets HPV bill go into law". Austin American-Statesman. http://www.statesman.com/news/content/region/legislature/stories/05/09/9hpv.html. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ^ Ramshaw, Emily (2011-08-04). "Perry, Allies Lay Groundwork for TX Stem Cell Industry". The Texas Tribune. http://www.texastribune.org/texas-people/rick-perry/perry-allies-lay-groundwork-tx-stem-cell-industry/. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Maslin Nir, Sarah (2011-08-04). "Rick Perry Has Stem Cell Procedure, Then Works to Bring it to Texas". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/04/rick-perry-has-stem-cell-procedure-then-works-to-bring-it-to-texas/. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Hoppe, Christy (November 6, 2006). "Perry believes non-Christians doomed". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on November 19, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061119030904/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/110606dnTSWperry.351c57c.html. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ^ Perry, Rick (2008). On My Honor. Macon, GA: Stroud & Hall Publishers. p. 88. ISBN 0-9796462-2-7.
- ^ Perry, Rick (June 6, 2011). "Gov. Perry Declares August 6th a Day of Prayer". Office of the Governor. http://governor.state.tx.us/news/proclamation/16247/. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ Bacon, Perry, Jr.; Henderson, Nia-Malika (August 5, 2011). "Texas Gov. Rick Perry to host major prayer event in Houston". The Washington Post.
- ^ Fikac, Peggy (August 19, 2011). "Email on voting prompts questions about Perry prayer event". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Email-on-voting-prompts-questions-about-Perry-2132729.php. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ^ "2010 The Vote: K-12 Education". San Angelo Standard-Times. September 11, 2010. http://www.gosanangelo.com/news/2010/sep/11/this-series-examines-important-issues-to-texans/. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ "Press Release] Gov. Perry Says Legislators Must Come Back, Get School Funding Right". Office of the Governor Rick Perry -Governor.state.tx.us. http://governor.state.tx.us/news/press-release/3589/. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Gov. Perry's Principles For A Stronger Texas". Office of the Governor - Rick Perry - Governor.state.tx.us. http://www.governor.state.tx.us/priorities/tax_reform/TTRC_report/files/TTRC_report.pdf. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ Perry, Rick (August 22, 2001). "Gov. Rick Perry's Remarks to the Border Summit". Office of the Governor. http://governor.state.tx.us/news/speech/10688/. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "Perry calls sodomy law 'appropriate'". Houston Chronicle. Associated Press. December 4, 2002. http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/2002_3605756/perry-calls-sodomy-law-appropriate.html. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ Elliott, Janet (November 8, 2005). "Same-sex marriage ban wins OK". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/default/article/Same-sex-marriage-ban-wins-OK-1933429.php. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
- ^ Jacobs, Jennifer (July 23, 2011). "Perry defends gay marriage as states' choice; Santorum takes a swipe". The Des Moines Register. http://caucuses.desmoinesregister.com/2011/07/23/perry-defends-gay-marriage-as-a-states-choice-santorum-takes-a-swipe/. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ Barabak, Mark Z. (July 28, 2011). "Rick Perry contorts over same-sex marriage". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jul/28/news/la-pn-perry-gay-marriage-20110728. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ Benjamin, Mark (August 24, 2011). "Perry Compared Homosexuality to Alcoholism in 2008 Book". Time. http://swampland.time.com/2011/08/24/perry-compared-homosexuality-to-alcoholism-in-2008-book/. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ Stein, Sam (December 8, 2011). "Rick Perry's Anti-Gay Iowa Ad Divides His Top Staff". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/08/rick-perry-anti-gay-iowa-ad-divides-top-staff_n_1136587.html. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
- ^ a b "Public Notes on 01-NGA10". On The Issues. September 14, 2001. http://www.ontheissues.org/Notebook/Note_01-NGA10.htm. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Sontag, Deborah (October 30, 2011). "Perry Displays Varied Stance Toward Crime". The New York Times.
- ^ Yoder, Steve (November 7, 2011). "The GOP, 'tough on crime' no more?" Salon.
- ^ Thomas, Evan; Brant, Martha (November 10, 2007). "Injection of Reflection". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/69546/output/print. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
- ^ "Texas Set Today to Execute 234th person under Governor Rick Perry". Texas Moratorium Network. August 10, 2011. http://stopexecutions.blogspot.com/2011/08/texas-set-today-to-execute-234th-person.html. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ "From arson to politics: Why has Texas's governor derailed a death-penalty investigation?". The Economist. October 22, 2009. http://www.economist.com/node/14699746. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
- ^ Grann, David (January 7, 2009). "Cameron Todd Willingham, Texas, and the death penalty". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_grann. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ "Frances Elaine Newton #982". Clarkprosecutor.org. http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/newton982.htm. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Graczyk, Michael (July 8, 2011). "Criticism of Texas' execution of Mexican Leal doesn't bother Perry". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. http://www.star-telegram.com/2011/07/08/3209871/criticism-of-texas-execution-of.html. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ a b Blumenthal, Ralph (August 31, 2007). "Governor Commutes Sentence in Texas". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/31/us/31execute.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ a b "Inmate Given Life After Drug Use Is Pardoned in Texas". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 11, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/us/11pot.html. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "Trans-Texas Corridor: FAQs". Texas Department of Transportation. 2004. Archived from the original on 2007-11-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071113223501/http://ttc.keeptexasmoving.com/faqs/?faq_type=3. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
- ^ "2006 State Republican Party Platform". Texas Republican Party. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20080625233304/http://www.texasgop.org/site/DocServer/Platform_Updated.pdf?docID=2001. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "2006 Texas Democratic Party Platform". 2006. http://txdems.bluestatedigital.com/page/-/Party%20Platforms/2006%20TDP%20platform.pdf. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ^ "Rick Perry's unwavering support for gun rights could boost his presidential prospects". Nra-Ila. http://www.nraila.org/News/Read/InTheNews.aspx?ID=15316. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "'Wily' coyote no match for governor's gun". Austin American-Statesman. http://www.statesman.com/news/local/wily-coyote-no-match-for-governors-gun-634362.html. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "Gov. Perry Signs Bills to Protect Gun Owners' Rights". Office of the Governor Rick Perry - Governor.state.tx.us. http://governor.state.tx.us/news/press-release/3598/. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ "Texas Gov. Rick Perry pulled out of conservative straw poll". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/09/18/texas-gov-rick-perry-pulled-out-of-conservative-straw-poll/. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ^ "Quote of the Day". Political Wire. http://politicalwire.com/archives/2010/12/26/quote_of_the_day.html. Retrieved December 26, 2010.
- ^ "Texan Perry to 'think about' a 2012 White House run". The Washington Times. May 27, 2011. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/may/27/texas-gov-perry-think-about-2012-white-house-run. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
- ^ Gutierrez, Kris (May 27, 2011). "President Perry? Texas Governor to 'Think About it'". Fox News. http://politics.blogs.foxnews.com/2011/05/27/president-perry-texas-gov-think-about-it. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
- ^ "Spokesman says Texas Gov. Rick Perry is running for president, announcement planned Saturday". The Washington Post. August 11, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/campaigns/texas-gov-rick-perry-running-for-president-spokesman-says/2011/08/11/gIQAscqI9I_story.html. Retrieved August 14, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Rick Perry to run for president, spokesman says". Associated Press. CBS News. August 11, 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/08/11/politics/main20091362.shtml. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ Bergamo, Jim (August 11, 2011). "Spokesman says Perry running for president". Austin, TX: KVUE.
- ^ Promising Better Direction, Perry Enters Race.
- ^ McCrummen, Stephanie (October 1, 2011). "At Rick Perry’s Texas hunting spot, camp’s old racially charged name lingered". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/rick-perry-familys-hunting-camp-still-known-to-many-by-old-racially-charged-name/2011/10/01/gIQAOhY5DL_story.html. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ^ Burns, Alexander (October 2, 2011). "Perry team pushes back on Herman Cain criticism". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1011/64926.html. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ^ "Republican Rick Perry in hunting lodge race row". BBC News. October 3, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15155042. Retrieved October 3, 2011.
- ^ RPerry2012 (2011-12-06). "Strong Campaign YouTube Video". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PAJNntoRgA. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ George, Alison (2011-12-09). "Rick Perry Ad Generating Epic Hate on YouTube". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/blogs/trending/2011/12/09/rick_perry_ad_generating_epic_hate_on_youtube.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Zeleny, Jeff; Shear, Michael D. (January 19, 2012). "Perry to End Bid for Presidency". The Caucus (The New York Times). http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/19/perry-to-end-bid-for-presidency/. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
- ^ Perry, Rick (February 2008). On My Honor: Why the American Values of the Boy Scouts are Worth Fighting For. Stroud & Hall. ISBN 978-0-9796462-2-5.
- ^ Selby, W. Gardner (2008-02-09). "In first book, Perry criticizes ACLU and defends Boy Scouts". Austin American-Statesman. http://www.statesman.com/news/content/region/legislature/stories/02/09/0209perrybook.html. Retrieved 2008-06-22.
- ^ Perry, Rick (November 2010). Fed Up! Our Fight to Save America from Washington. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-13295-4.
- ^ Perry, Rick (November 2005). Federalizing Disaster Response. Heritage Foundation.
- ^ "Endowment named for First Lady Anita Perry - The News - University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio". Uthscsa.edu. 2001-06-15. http://www.uthscsa.edu/opa/issues/new34-24/perry.html. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Giles, Mike. "Governor Rick Perry Leads Texas by Faith". DFW Christian Family. http://www.dfwchristianfamily.com/cover/Governor-Rick-Perry-Leads-Texas-by-Faith.php. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
- ^ http://elections.sos.state.tx.us/elchist.exe Texas Board of Elections as of July 24, 2009
External links[link]
 |
Wikinews has related news: Texas governor Rick Perry to announce his presidential intentions |
- Governor Rick Perry official state site
- Rick Perry for President official presidential campaign site
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Rick Perry in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org.......
|
|
- Governor
- Biography at the National Governors Association
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
| Texas House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Joe Hanna |
Member of the House of Representatives of Texas from the District 64 1985–1991 |
Succeeded by John Cook |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Jim Hightower |
Commissioner of Agriculture of Texas 1991–1999 |
Succeeded by Susan Combs |
| Preceded by Bob Bullock |
Lieutenant Governor of Texas January 19, 1999 – December 21, 2000 |
Succeeded by Bill Ratliff |
| Preceded by George W. Bush |
Governor of Texas December 21, 2000 – present |
Incumbent |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by George W. Bush |
Republican nominee for Governor of Texas 2002, 2006, 2010 |
Most recent |
| United States order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Joe Biden as Vice President |
Order of Precedence of the United States Within Texas |
Succeeded by Mayor of city in which event is held |
| Succeeded by Otherwise John Boehner as Speaker of the House of Representatives |
||
| Preceded by Rick Scott as Governor of Florida |
Order of Precedence of the United States Outside Texas |
Succeeded by Terry Branstad as Governor of Iowa |
|
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Perry, Rick |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | March 4, 1950 |
| Place of birth | Paint Creek, Texas |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rick_Perry
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://cs.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://es.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://ru.wn.com/Перри, Рик
http://nl.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://pt.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://pl.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://fr.wn.com/Rick Perry
http://de.wn.com/Rick Perry
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Perry
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Floortje Dessing | |
|---|---|
 Floortje Dessing at the European premiere of the Cirque du Soleil in Amsterdam (October 2010) |
|
| Born | (1970-08-31) August 31, 1970 (age 41) Heemstede, Netherlands |
| Alma mater | Hogeschool Diemen Hogeschool voor de Kunsten Utrecht |
| Occupation | Presenter, tv producer, interpreter |
| Years active | 1995-present |
| Salary | € 170,000 (2007) |
| Television | Yorin Travel 3 op Reis |
Floortje Dessing (born August 31, 1970 in Heemstede) is a Dutch radio and television presenter. She has worked with Veronica, Yorin, RTL 5, LLiNK and BNN (in that order). She is known for her various travel programms, such as Arrivals, Yorin Travel, RTL Travel and 3 op Reis. She has also written several travel guides. Dessing is a vegetarian and has her own boutique, which sells solely fair trade products.[1][2]
References[link]
- ^ "Verkiezing van de meest sexy vegetariër 2007 (Vrouwen): Nominaties vrouwen 2007" (in Dutch). Wakker Dier. 2007. http://www.wakkerdier.nl/sexyvegetarier/vrouwen.php. Retrieved 2008-06-12. [dead link]
- ^ "Floortje Dessing van RTL naar Omroep LLINK" (in Dutch). medianieuwtjes.nl. 2007-06-15. http://www.medianieuwtjes.nl/?p=3967. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dessing, Floortje |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 31, 1970 |
| Place of birth | Heemstede, Netherlands |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This Dutch television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
  |
This article about a person from the Netherlands is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Floortje_Dessing
Related pages:
http://nl.wn.com/Floortje Dessing
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floortje_Dessing
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Britney" redirects here. For other uses, see Britney (disambiguation).
| Britney Spears | |
|---|---|
 Spears performing at her Femme Fatale Tour in Europe, 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Britney Jean Spears |
| Born | (1981-12-02) December 2, 1981 (age 30) McComb, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, dance |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, record producer, author, fashion designer, video director |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Labels | Jive, RCA[1] |
| Associated acts | The New Mickey Mouse Club |
| Website | britneyspears.com britney.com |
Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, Spears began performing as a child, landing acting roles in stage productions and television shows. She signed with Jive Records in 1997 and released her debut album ...Baby One More Time in 1999, which became the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist.[2] During her first decade in the music industry, she became a prominent figure in mainstream popular music and popular culture, followed by a much-publicized personal life. Her first two albums established her as a pop icon and broke sales records, while title tracks "...Baby One More Time" and "Oops!... I Did It Again" became international number-one hits. Spears was credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s, and became the 'best-selling teen aged artist of all time' before she turned 20,[3] garnering her the honorific title of "Princess of Pop".[4]
In 2001, she released her third studio album Britney and expanded her brand, playing the starring role in the film Crossroads. She assumed creative control of her fourth studio album, In the Zone (2003), which yielded chart-topping singles "Me Against the Music", "Toxic" and "Everytime". After the release of two compilation albums, Spears experienced personal struggles and her career went into hiatus. Her fifth studio album, Blackout, was released in 2007 and despite receiving little promotion, it spawned hits "Gimme More" and "Piece of Me". In 2008, her erratic behavior and hospitalizations caused her to be placed in a conservatorship. The same year, her sixth studio album Circus was released, with the global chart-topping lead single "Womanizer", and hits such as "Circus" and "If U Seek Amy". She embarked on her highest-grossing global concert tour,[5] The Circus Starring Britney Spears, in 2009. In October of the same year, she released a chart-topping single, "3", which became her third single to reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Her seventh studio album Femme Fatale, released in 2011, has become the first of her albums to yield three top ten singles in the United States, "Hold It Against Me", "Till the World Ends" and "I Wanna Go". The same year, she also gained her fifth number one single when she featured on the remix of "S&M" alongside Rihanna.
Spears work has earned her numerous awards and accolades, including a Grammy Award, 6 MTV Video Music Awards including the Lifetime Achievement Award, 9 Billboard Music Awards, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2009, Billboard ranked her as the 8th overall Artist of the Decade,[6] and also recognized her as the best-selling female artist of the first decade of the 21st century, as well as the fifth overall.[7] The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) also recognized Spears as the eighth top-selling female artist in the United States, with 33 million certified albums.[8] Nielsen SoundScan ranked Spears the tenth best-selling digital artist of the country, with more than 28.6 million digital singles as of January 2012.[9] She has sold over 100 million albums worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.[10] Rolling Stone recognized her instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time,[11] while VH1 ranked her eleventh on their "100 Greatest Women in Music" list in 2012.[12] Forbes also revealed that Spears was the sixth most powerful celebrity, and the third best paid musician of 2011-12, having topped the list back in 2002.[13] In Fall 2012, Spears will serve as a judge in the second season of the American version of The X Factor.[14]
Contents
|
Biography[link]
1981–97: Early life, and career beginnings[link]
Britney Jean Spears was born on December 2, 1981, the second child of Lynne Irene (née Bridges) and James Parnell Spears. She is of English heritage through her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portelli who was born in London, and of distant Maltese and Sicilian (Sicani) descent.[15][16][17] Her siblings are Bryan James and Jamie Lynn.[18] At age three, she started to attend dance lessons in her hometown of Kentwood, Louisiana, and was selected to perform as a solo artist at the annual recital. During her childhood, she also attended gymnastics and voice lessons, and won many state-level competitions and children's talent shows.[19][20][21] Spears made her local stage debut at age five, singing "What Child Is This?" at her kindergarten graduation. She said about her ambition as a child, "I was in my own world, [...] I found out what I'm supposed to do at an early age".[20] At age eight, Spears and her mother Lynne traveled to Atlanta for an audition in the 1990s revival of The Mickey Mouse Club. Casting director Matt Casella rejected her for being too young to join the series at the time, but introduced her to Nancy Carson, a New York City talent agent. Carson was impressed with Spears's vocals and suggested enrolling her at the Professional Performing Arts School; shortly after, Lynne and her daughters moved to a sublet apartment in New York. Spears was hired for her first professional role as the understudy for the lead role of Tina Denmark in the Off-Broadway musical Ruthless!. She also appeared as a contestant on the popular television show Star Search, as well as being cast in a number of commercials.[22][23] In December 1992, she was finally cast in The Mickey Mouse Club, but returned to Kentwood after the show was canceled. She enrolled at Parklane Academy in nearby McComb, Mississippi. Although she made friends with most of her classmates, she compared the school to "the opening scene in Clueless with all the cliques. [...] I was so bored. I was the point guard on the basketball team. I had my boyfriend, and I went to homecoming and Christmas formal. But I wanted more."[20][24]
In June 1997, Spears was in talks with manager Lou Pearlman to join the female pop group Innosense. Lynne asked family friend and entertainment lawyer Larry Rudolph for his opinion and submitted a tape of Spears singing over a Whitney Houston karaoke song along with some pictures. Rudolph decided he wanted to pitch her to record labels, therefore she needed a professional demo. He sent Spears an unused song of Toni Braxton; she rehearsed for a week and recorded her vocals in a studio with a sound engineer. Spears traveled to New York with the demo and met with executives from four labels, returning to Kentwood the same day. Three of the labels rejected her, arguing that audiences wanted pop bands such as the Backstreet Boys and the Spice Girls, and "there wasn't going to be another Madonna, another Debbie Gibson, or another Tiffany." Two weeks later, executives from Jive Records returned calls to Rudolph.[25] Senior vice president of A&R Jeff Fenster stated about Spears's audition that "It's very rare to hear someone that age who can deliver emotional content and commercial appeal. [...] For any artist, the motivation—the 'eye of the tiger'—is extremely important. And Britney had that."[20] She then sang Houston's "I Have Nothing" (1992) for the executives, and got signed to the label.[26] They appointed her to work with producer Eric Foster White for a month, who reportedly shaped her voice from "lower and less poppy" delivery to "distinctively, unmistakably Britney."[27] After hearing the recorded material, president Clive Calder ordered a full album. Spears had originally envisioned "Sheryl Crow music, but younger more adult contemporary" but felt all right with her label's appointment of producers, since "It made more sense to go pop, because I can dance to it—it's more me." She flew to Cheiron Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, where half of the album was recorded from March to April 1998, with producers Max Martin, Denniz Pop and Rami Yacoub, among others.[20]
[edit] 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time, and Oops!... I Did It Again
After Spears returned to the United States, she embarked on a shopping mall promotional tour to promote her forthcoming album. Her show was a four song set and she was accompanied by two back up dancers. Her first concert tour followed, as an opening act for 'N Sync.[28] Her debut album, ...Baby One More Time, was released on January 1999.[29] It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was certified two-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America after a month. Worldwide, the album topped the charts in fifteen countries and sold over ten million copies in a year.[30] It became the biggest selling album ever by a teenage artist.[21] The title track was released as the lead single from the album. Originally, Jive Records wanted its music video to be animated; however, Spears rejected it, and suggested the final idea of a Catholic schoolgirl.[27] The single sold 500,000 copies on its first day, and peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, topping the chart for two consecutive weeks.[31][32] "...Baby One More Time" later received a Grammy nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.[33] The title track also topped the singles chart for two weeks in the United Kingdom, and became the fastest-selling single ever by a female artist, shipping over 460,000 copies.[34] It would later become the 25th most successful song of all time in British chart history.[35] Spears is also the youngest female artist to have a million seller in the country.[36] "(You Drive Me) Crazy" was released as the third single from the album. It became a top-ten hit worldwide and propelled ...Baby One More Time to sell 26 million copies.[37]
The April 1999 cover of Rolling Stone featured Spears lying on her bed, clad with a bra, shorts and an open top. The American Family Association (AFA) referred to the shoot as "a disturbing mix of childhood innocence and adult sexuality" and called to "God-loving Americans to boycott stores selling Britney's albums." Spears responded to the outcry commenting, "What's the big deal? I have strong morals. [...] I'd do it again. I thought the pictures were fine. And I was tired of being compared to Debbie Gibson and all of this bubblegum pop all the time."[38] Shortly before, Spears had announced publicly she would remain a virgin until marriage.[21] On June 28, 1999, Spears began her first headlining ...Baby One More Time Tour in North America, which was positively received by critics,[39] but generated some controversy due to her racy outfits.[40] An extension of the tour, titled Crazy 2k, followed in March 2000. Spears premiered songs from her upcoming second album during the show.[24]
Oops!... I Did It Again, her second studio album, was released in May 2000. It debuted at number one in the US, selling 1,3 million copies, breaking the SoundScan record for the highest debut sales by any solo artist.[41] The album sold over 20 million copies worldwide.[42] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone said that "the great thing about Oops! – under the cheese surface, Britney's demand for satisfaction is complex, fierce and downright scary, making her a true child of rock & roll tradition."[43] The album's lead single, "Oops!... I Did It Again", peaked at the top of the charts in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and many other European nations.[36][44] The album as well as the title track received Grammy nominations for Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, respectively.[45]
The same year, Spears embarked on the Oops!... I Did It Again World Tour, which grossed $40.5 million; she also released her first book, Britney Spears' Heart-to-Heart, co-written with her mother.[21][46] On September 7, 2000, Spears performed at the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards. Halfway through the performance, she ripped off her black suit to reveal a sequined flesh-colored bodysuit, followed by heavy dance routine. It is noted by critics as the moment that Spears showed signs of becoming a more provocative performer.[47] Amidst media speculation, Spears confirmed she was dating 'N Sync member Justin Timberlake.[21]
[edit] 2001–03: Britney, Crossroads, and In the Zone
In February 2001, Spears signed a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, and released another book co-written with her mother, entitled A Mother’s Gift.[21] Her third studio album, Britney, was released in November 2001. While on tour, she felt inspired by hip hop artists such as Jay-Z and The Neptunes and wanted to create a record with a funkier sound.[48] The album debuted at number one in the Billboard 200 and reached top five positions in Australia, the United Kingdom and mainland Europe and sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[36][49][50] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called Britney "the record where she strives to deepen her persona, making it more adult while still recognizably Britney. [...] It does sound like the work of a star who has now found and refined her voice, resulting in her best record yet."[51] The album was honored with two Grammy nominations—Best Pop Vocal Album and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "Overprotected"— and was listed in 2008 as one of Entertainment Weekly's "100 Best Albums from the Past 25 Years".[52][53] The album's first single, "I'm a Slave 4 U", became a top-ten hit worldwide.[54]
Spears's performance of the single at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards featured a caged tiger and a large albino python draped over her shoulders. It was harshly received by animal rights organization PETA, who claimed the animals were mistreated and scrapped plans for an anti-fur billboard that was to feature Spears.[47] To support the album, Spears embarked on the Dream Within a Dream Tour. The show was critically praised for its technical innovations, the pièce de résistance being a water screen that pumped two tons of water into the stage.[55][56] The tour grossed $43.7 million, becoming the second highest grossing tour of 2002 by a female artist, behind Cher's Farewell Tour.[57] Her career success was highlighted by Forbes in 2002, as Spears was ranked the world's most powerful celebrity.[58] Spears also landed her first starring role in Crossroads, released in February 2002. Although the film was largely panned, most critics actually praised Spears's acting.[59][60][61] Crossroads, which had a $11 million budget, went on to gross over $57 million worldwide.[61]
In June 2002, Spears opened her first restaurant, Nyla, in New York City, but terminated her relationship in November, citing mismanagement and "management's failure to keep her fully apprised".[62] In July 2002, Spears announced she would take a six month break from her career; however, she went back into the studio in November to record her new album.[63] Spears' relationship with Justin Timberlake ended after three years. In December 2002, Timberlake released the song "Cry Me a River" as the second single from his solo debut album. The music video featured a Spears look-alike and fueled the rumors that she had been unfaithful to him.[64][65] As a response, Spears wrote the ballad "Everytime" with her backing vocalist and friend Annet Artani.[66] The same year, Limp Bizkit frontman Fred Durst said that he was in a relationship with Spears. However, Spears denied Durst's claims.[67] In a 2009 interview, he explained that "I just guess at the time it was taboo for a guy like me to be associated with a gal like her."[67] Spears opened the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards with Christina Aguilera, performing "Like a Virgin". Halfway through they were joined by Madonna, with whom they both kissed. The incident was highly publicized.[61]
Spears released her fourth studio album, In the Zone, in November 2003. She assumed more creative control by writing and co-producing most of the material.[21] Vibe called it "A supremely confident dance record that also illustrates Spears's development as a songwriter."[68] NPR listed the album as one of "The 50 Most Important Recording of the Decade", adding that "the decade's history of impeccably crafted pop is written on her body of work."[69] In the Zone sold over 609,000 copies in the United States and debuted at the top of the charts, making Spears the first female artist in the SoundScan era to have her first four studio albums to debut at number one.[21] It also debuted at the top of the charts in France and the top ten in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands.[70] In the Zone sold over 10 million copies worldwide.[71] The album produced the hit singles: "Me Against the Music", a collaboration with Madonna; "Toxic"—which won Spears her first and only Grammy for Best Dance Recording; "Everytime" and "Outrageous".[21]
[edit] 2004–07: Compilation albums, motherhood, personal struggles, and Blackout
On January 3, 2004, Spears married childhood friend Jason Allen Alexander at The Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas. The marriage was annulled 55 hours later, stating that Spears "lacked understanding of her actions".[72] She began The Onyx Hotel Tour in support of In the Zone in March 2004.[73] On June 8, 2004, Spears fell and injured her left knee during the music video shoot for "Outrageous". She was taken immediately to a local hospital, where doctors performed an MRI scan and found floating cartilage. The following day, Spears underwent arthroscopic surgery. She was forced to remain six weeks with a thigh brace, followed by eight to twelve weeks of rehabilitation, which caused The Onyx Hotel Tour to be canceled.[74] During 2004, Spears became involved in the Kabbalah Centre through her friendship with Madonna.[75]
In July 2004, she announced her engagement to American dancer Kevin Federline, whom she had met three months before. The romance received intense attention from the media, since Federline had recently broken up with actress Shar Jackson, who was still pregnant with their second child at the time.[21] The initial stages of their relationship were chronicled in Spears's first reality show Britney & Kevin: Chaotic. They held a wedding ceremony on September 18, 2004, but were not legally married until three weeks later on October 6 due to a delay finalizing the couple's prenuptial agreement.[76] Shortly after, she released her first fragrance with Elizabeth Arden, Curious, which broke the company's first-week gross for a perfume.[21] In October 2004, Spears announced she would be taking another career break to start a family.[77] Greatest Hits: My Prerogative, her first greatest hits compilation album, was released in November 2004.[78] Spears's cover version of Bobby Brown's "My Prerogative" was released as the lead single from the album, reaching the top of the charts in Finland, Ireland, Italy and Norway.[79] The second single, "Do Somethin'", was a top ten hit in Australia, the United Kingdom and other countries of mainland Europe.[80][81] Worldwide, Greatest Hits: My Prerogative sold over 5 million copies.[82] In late 2004, Spears went on KIIS-FM radio in Los Angeles, CA to play a new demo titled "Mona Lisa." The demo was to be the first single from an upcoming album called the "Original Doll." However, Spears' label later cancelled the album for unknown reasons.[83][84] Spears gave birth to her first child, Sean Preston Federline, on September 14, 2005.[85]
In November 2005, she released her first remix compilation, B in the Mix: The Remixes, which consists of eleven remixes.[86] It has sold over 1 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best selling remix albums of all time.[87] In February 2006, pictures surfaced of Spears driving with her son Sean, on her lap instead of in a car seat. Child advocates were horrified by the photos of her holding the wheel with one hand and Sean with the other. Spears claimed that the situation happened because of a frightening encounter with paparazzi, and that it was a mistake on her part.[21] The following month, she guest-starred on the Will & Grace episode "Buy, Buy Baby" as closeted lesbian Amber Louise.[88] She publicly announced she no longer studied Kabbalah in June 2006, explaining, "my baby is my religion."[75] Two months later, Spears posed nude for the cover of Harper's Bazaar. The picture was heavily compared to Demi Moore's August 1991 Vanity Fair cover.[21] She gave birth to her second child, Jayden James Federline, on September 12, 2006.[89] On November 7, 2006, Spears filed for divorce from Federline, citing irreconcilable differences.[90] Their divorce was finalized in July 2007, when the couple reached a global settlement and agreed to share joint custody of their children.[91] Spears's aunt Sandra Bridges Covington, with whom she had been very close, died of ovarian cancer in January.[92] On February 16, 2007, Spears stayed in a drug rehabilitation facility in Antigua for less than a day. The following night, she shaved her head with electric clippers at a hair salon in Tarzana, Los Angeles. She admitted herself to other treatment facilities during the following weeks.[93] After completing a month-long program at Promises, she wrote on her website, "I truly hit rock bottom. Till this day I don't think that it was alcohol or depression. [...] was like a bad kid running around with ADD."[21] In May 2007, she produced a series of promotional concerts at House of Blues venues, titled The M+M's Tour.[94] Spears lost physical custody of her children to Federline on October 1, 2007. The reasons of the court ruling were not revealed to the public.[95] Also, in 2007 Spears was sued by Louis Vuitton over her 2005 music video "Do Something" for pimping out her Hummer interior in counterfiet Louis Vuitton cherry blossom fabric. Which resulted in her video being banned on European TV stations.[96]
Her fifth studio album, Blackout, was released in October 2007. It debuted at the top of charts in Canada and Ireland, number two in the U.S. Billboard 200,—held off from the top spot by Eagles's Long Road out of Eden— France, Japan, Mexico and the United Kingdom and the top ten in Australia, Korea, New Zealand and many European nations. In the United States, Spears became the only female artist to have her first five studio albums debut at the two top slots of the chart.[97] Blackout sold over 3.1 million copies worldwide.[98] Peter Robinson of The Observer said that "Britney has delivered the best album of her career, raising the bar for modern pop music with an incendiary mix of Timbaland's Shock Value and her own back catalogue."[99] Dennis Lim of Blender commented, "Spears’s fifth studio album is her most consistent, a seamlessly entertaining collection of bright, brash electropop."[100] Blackout won Album of the Year at MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 and was listed as the fifth Best Pop Album of the Decade by The Times.[101][102] Spears performed the lead single "Gimme More" at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards. The performance was panned by many critics. David Willis of BBC stated her performance would "go down in the history books as being one of the worst to grace the MTV Awards".[103] Despite the backlash, the single rocketed to worldwide success, peaking at number one in Canada and the top ten in almost every country it charted.[104][105] The second single "Piece of Me" reached the top of the charts in Ireland and reached the top five in Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The third single "Break the Ice" was released the following year and had moderate success due to Spears not being able to promote it properly.[106][107][108] In December 2007, Spears began a relationship with paparazzo Adnan Ghalib.[109]
[edit] 2008–10: Conservatorship, and Circus
On January 3, 2008, Spears refused to relinquish custody of her sons to Federline's representatives. She was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, after police that arrived at her house noted she appeared to be under the influence of an illicit substance. The following day, Spears's visitation rights were suspended at an emergency court hearing, and Federline was given sole physical and legal custody of the children. On January 31, 2008, Spears was committed to the psychiatric ward of Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and put on 5150 involuntary psychiatric hold. The court placed her under temporary conservatorship of her father James Spears and attorney Andrew Wallet, giving them complete control of her assets.[21] Spears was released on February 6, 2008. Her parents expressed disappointment and concern at the decision to release her.[110] The following month, she guest-starred on the How I Met Your Mother episode "Ten Sessions" as receptionist Abby. She received positive reviews for her performance, as well as bringing the series its highest ratings ever.[111][112] In July 2008, Spears regained some visitation rights after coming to an agreement with Federline and his counsel.[113] On September 7, 2008, Spears opened the MTV Video Music Awards with a pre-taped comedy sketch with Jonah Hill and an introduction speech. She won Best Female Video, Best Pop Video and Video of the Year for "Piece of Me".[114] A 60-minute introspective documentary, Britney: For the Record, was produced to chronicle Spears' return to the recording industry. Directed by Phil Griffin, For the Record was entirely shot in Beverly Hills, Hollywood, and New York City during the third quarter of 2008.[115] Main shooting began on September 5, 2008, two days before Spears' appearance at the MTV Video Music Awards. For the Record was broadcast on MTV on November 30, 2008 to 5.6 million viewers for the two airings on the premiere night. MTV reported that Spears' documentary garnered on average, the highest rating in its Sunday night timeslot, in the network's history.[116]
Her sixth studio album Circus, was released in December 2008. It received positive reviews from critics; according to the music review aggregation of Metacritic, it garnered an average score of 64/100.[117] Circus debuted at number one in Canada, Czech Republic and the United States, and inside the top in many European nations.[105][118] In the United States, Spears became the youngest female artist to have five albums debut at number one, earning a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.[119] She also became the only act in the Soundscan era to have four albums debut with 500,000 or more copies sold.[118] Circus became one of the fastest-selling albums of the year,[120] and has sold 4 million copies worldwide.[121][122] Its lead single, "Womanizer", became her first number one in the Billboard Hot 100 since "...Baby One More Time" and topped the charts in countries such as Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway and Sweden.[123][124] It was also nominated for a Grammy in the category of Best Dance Recording.[125] In January 2009, Spears and her father James obtained a restraining order against her former manager Sam Lufti, ex-boyfriend Adnan Ghalib and attorney Jon Eardley—all of whom, court documents claim, had been conspiring to gain control of Spears's affairs. The restraining order forbids Lutfi and Ghalib from contacting Spears or coming within 250 yards of her, her property or family members.[126] Spears embarked on The Circus Starring Britney Spears in March 2009. With a gross of U.S. $131.8 million, it became the fifth highest grossing tour of the year.[127]
She released her second greatest hits album, The Singles Collection in November 2009. "3" became her third number one single in the US, and was the first song to debut at the top of the charts in three years.[128] Later that month, she released an application for iPhone and iPod Touch titled "It's Britney!".[129] In May 2010, Spears's representatives confirmed she was dating her agent Jason Trawick, and that they had decided to end their professional relationship to focus on their personal relationship.[130] Spears designed a limited edition clothing line for Candie's, which was released in stores in July 2010.[131] On September 28, 2010, she made a cameo appearance on a Spears-themed tribute episode of American TV show Glee, titled "Britney/Brittany". Spears approved of the episode, although her appearances received mixed reviews from critics.[132][133] The episode drew Glee's second largest audience, as well as the show's highest ratings ever.[134][135]
[edit] 2011–present: Femme Fatale and The X Factor
In March 2011, Spears released her seventh studio album Femme Fatale.[136] Max Martin and Dr. Luke executive produced the album and the album's first single "Hold It Against Me". The single debuted at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100. This gave Spears her fourth number-one single on the chart, and made her only the second artist in history to have two consecutive singles debut at number-one, after Mariah Carey.[137] The album peaked at number one in the United States (selling 276,000 copies in its first week), Canada, and Australia, and peaked inside the top ten on nearly every other chart. The album's peak in the United States ties Britney with Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson for the third-most number ones among women.[138] As of March 9, 2012, Femme Fatale has sold 883,000 copies in the United States and 2.2 million worldwide and has been certified platinum by the RIAA.[139][140] The album received positive critical reviews after its release, receiving a score of 67 on Metacritic, her highest critical score since Oops!... I Did It Again, with many critics naming the album one of Spears's best.[141] In April 2011, Spears appeared in a remix to the song "S&M" by Rihanna after Rihanna asked her fans via Twitter who they wanted her to collaborate with.[142] The song reached number one in the US in mid-April 2011, giving Spears her fifth number one on the chart.[143] In early May, Spears' second single from Femme Fatale, "Till The World Ends", reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and had ninety-eight million audience impressions on the Billboard chart, granting Spears the highest weekly audience of her 13-year chart career.[144]
Femme Fatale's third single "I Wanna Go" reached the top forty on the Billboard Hot 100 in June 2011. Among females in the last thirteen years, Spears now has the third-most top forty hits, with twenty-one.[145] In August, the single managed to reach the top-ten on the Billboard Hot 100, which is the first time for Spears to have three songs from one album in the top-ten.[146] On the week ending September 24, 2011, "I Wanna Go" moved 2–1 on the mainstream top 40, becoming her sixth number-one on that chart (making her tied for third all-time) and her first number-one and third top-ten pop song for Femme Fatale.[147] Spears now has the longest span of number ones on the mainstream top 40, with a length of twelve years, seven months, and four days.[147] In October 2011, the music video for Femme Fatale's fourth single "Criminal" caused controversy when British politicians criticized Spears for using replica guns while filming the video in an area of London that had been badly affected by the 2011 England riots. Members of the Hackney London Borough Council felt Spears "promoted gun violence" and suggested that Spears apologize and make a donation to a Hackney charity.[148] Spears's management briefly responded, stating, "The video is a fantasy story featuring Britney's boyfriend, Jason Trawick, which literally plays out the lyrics of a song written three years before the riots ever happened."[149] Later that month, due to her continued popularity, Spears became the seventh artist to gain one billion cumulative views on her Vevo account.[150] On Billboard's 2011 Year-End list, Spears was fourteen on the Artists of the Year,[151] due to being 32 on Billboard 200 artists and 10 on Billboard Hot 100 artists.[152][153] Additionally, many critics, including those at Rolling Stone, named "Till the World Ends" one of the best songs of 2011.[154][155][156]
On March 2011, Spears announced that she would tour throughout the United States during summer 2011.[157] The Femme Fatale Tour opened June 16 at the Power Balance Pavilion in Sacramento, California[158] to positive reviews.[159] Many critics noted that Spears sang more of the concert live in response to lip-synching accusations during The Circus Starring Britney Spears, and that the dancing is some of her best in years.[159] The first ten US dates of the tour grossed $6.2 million, landing the fifty-fifth spot on Pollstar's Top 100 North American Tours list for the half-way point of the year.[160] The tour ended on December 10, 2011 in Puerto Rico after 79 performances.[161] A concert special of the tour was filmed in 2D and 3D in Canada on August 13 and 14. It premiered on November 12 on Epix, receiving mixed reviews.[162][163][164][165] It was released to DVD on November 21[166][167] and sold 19,000 copies, debuting at no. 2 on the US Billboard DVD Chart behind Lady Gaga's The Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden.[168] Since its release, the DVD has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[169] and Gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).[170]
On June 15, 2011, it was announced by Billboard that the RCA/Jive Label Group would be splitting, with Jive Records being fully moved under RCA Records staying intact. In August it was announced that Spears had officially joined the RCA's roster.[171][172] During the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2011, MTV played tribute to Spears with a group of young female dancers that memorialised Britney's music videos, performances, and style. Following which, Spears accepted the MTV Video Vanguard Award from Lady Gaga, who said that "industry wouldn't be the same without [her]".[173][174] On September 9, 2011, Spears announced her second remix album, B in the Mix: The Remixes Vol. 2, which was released on October 7, along with the tracklist.[175] On October 7, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, Spears (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release her future material on the RCA Records brand.[176][177]
On December 16, Spears confirmed her engagement to her long-time boyfriend Jason Trawick, her former agent.[178] Spears revealed her three-carat diamond ring at a party in Las Vegas on December 17.[179] According to Joe Riccitelli, the executive vice president of promotion for RCA Records, Spears would be taking time off during 2012.[180] However, on January 30, 2012, will.i.am confirmed that he recorded a track with Spears, set to be included on his upcoming fourth studio album, #willpower (2012).[181] It was also reported that Simon Cowell was in talks with Spears for her to join the new season of the The X-Factor.[182] According to Billboard and The Hollywood Reporter, Trawick negotiated Spears' contract with the show,[183] which was later approved by conservatorship judge Reva Goetz.[184] Cowell and the producers of the show agreed to pay the singer $15 million for season two, and also added Trawick as a one of the producers for the season.[185] The rumor was later confirmed to be true.[14][186][187] Spears also teamed up with Hasbro to release an exclusive version of Twister Dance, which will include a remix of "Till the World Ends".[188] The singer also participated on a commercial, which was directed by Ray Kay, to promote the game.[188]
Artistry[link]
Musical style, and performance[link]
Following her debut, Spears was credited with leading the revival of teen pop in the late 1990s. The Daily Yomiuri reported that "[m]usic critics have hailed her as the most gifted teenage pop idol for many years, but Spears has set her sights a little higher-she is aiming for the level of superstardom that has been achieved by Madonna and Janet Jackson."[189] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone wrote: "Britney Spears carries on the classic archetype of the rock & roll teen queen, the dungaree doll, the angel baby who just has to make a scene."[190] Rami Yacoub who co-produced Spears's debut album with lyricist Max Martin, commented, "I know from Denniz Pop and Max's previous productions, when we do songs, there's kind of a nasal thing. With N' Sync and the Backstreet Boys, we had to push for that mid-nasal voice. When Britney did that, she got this kind of raspy, sexy voice."[191] Following the release of her debut album, Chuck Taylor of Billboard observed, "Spears has become a consummate performer, with snappy dance moves, a clearly real-albeit young-and funkdified voice ... "(You Drive Me) Crazy", her third single ... demonstrates Spears's own development, proving that the 17-year-old is finding her own vocal personality after so many months of steadfast practice."[192] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic referred to her music as a "blend of infectious, rap-inflected dance-pop and smooth balladry."[193] Spears later commented, "With ...Baby One More Time, I didn't get to show my voice off. The songs were great, but they weren't very challenging".[194]
Oops!...I Did It Again and subsequent albums saw Spears working with several contemporary R&B producers, leading to "a combination of bubblegum, urban soul, and raga."[195] Her third studio album, Britney derived from the teen pop niche, "[r]hythmically and melodically ... sharper, tougher than what came before. What used to be unabashedly frothy has some disco grit, underpinned by Spears' spunky self-determination that helps sell hooks that are already catchier, by and large, than those that populated her previous two albums."[196] Guy Blackman of The Age wrote that while few would care to listen to an entire Spears album, "[t]he thing about Spears, though, is that her biggest songs, no matter how committee-created or impossibly polished, have always been convincing because of her delivery, her commitment and her presence. For her mostly teenage fans, Spears expresses perfectly the conflicting urges of adolescence, the tension between chastity and sexual experience, between hedonism and responsibility, between confidence and vulnerability."[197]
 |
|
| Problems listening to these files? See media help. | |
Spears possesses a soprano[203] vocal range; her vocal ability however has been criticized, often drawing unfavorable comparison to her pop rival, Christina Aguilera.[204] Critic Allan Raible derides her overdependence in Circus on digital effects and the robotic effect it creates. "She’s never been a strong vocalist..." writes Raible, "Could she handle these songs with stripped down arrangements and no vocal effects? More importantly, would anyone want to hear her attempt such a performance? Does it matter? No. The focus is still image over substance."[205] Her image and persona are also often contrasted to Christina Aguilera. David Browne of Entertainment Weekly observed "Christina Aguilera may flash skin and belly button, but in her music and manner, she's too eager not to offend — she's a good girl pretending to be bad. Spears, however, comes across as a bad girl acting good ... Spears' artificial-sweetener voice is much less interesting than the settings, yet that blandness is actually a relief compared with Aguilera's numbing vocal gymnastics.[206] In contrast, Allmusic comments: "Like her peer Christina Aguilera, Britney equates maturity with transparent sexuality and the pounding sounds of nightclubs ... Where Christina comes across like a natural-born skank, Britney is the girl next door cutting loose at college, drinking and smoking and dancing and sexing just a little too recklessly, since this is the first time she can indulge herself.[207] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine notes, "The disparity between Aguilera and Spears can't be measured solely by the timbre and octave range of their voices ... [Aguilera's] popularity has never reached the fever pitch of Britney's."[208]
It has been widely reported that Spears lip-syncs in concert. Author Gary Giddins wrote in his book Natural selection: Gary Giddins on comedy, film, music, and books (2006) that "among many other performers accused of moving their lips while a machine does the labor are Britney Spears, Luciano Pavarotti, Shania Twain, Beyoncé, and Madonna."[209] Rashod D. Ollison of The Baltimore Sun observes: "Many pop stars ... feel they have no choice but to seek vocal enhancement. Since the advent of MTV and other video music channels, pop audiences have been fed elaborate videos thick with jaw-dropping effects, awesome choreography, fabulous clothes, marvelous bodies. And the same level of perfection is expected to extend beyond the video set to the concert stage. So if Britney Spears, Janet Jackson or Madonna sounds shrill and flat without a backing track, fans won't pay up to $300 for a concert ticket."[210] Giddins adds, "it was reported Britney Spears fans prefer her to lip-sync—despite her denials of doing so (contradicted by her own director)—because they expect flawless digitalization when they pay serious money for a concert."[209]
In Australia, NSW Fair Trading Minister Virginia Judge has advised disclaimers be printed on any ticket for concerts which contain any prerecorded vocals. She commented: "There could have been some instances where people actually go and purchase a ticket thinking that they're going to have a live performance ... for some people that means that everything is live, it's fresh, it happens instantaneously, it's not something that's been pre-recorded. You want to make sure that they're actually paying for what they think they're getting."[211] Noting on the prevalence of lip-syncing, Los Angeles Daily News reported "in the context of a Britney Spears concert, does it really matter? Like a Vegas revue show, you don't go to hear the music, you go for the somewhat-ridiculous spectacle of it all".[212] Similarly, Aline Mendelsohn of the Orlando Sentinel remarked: "Let's get one thing straight: A Britney Spears concert is not about the music ... you have to remember that it's about the sight, not the sound."[213] Critic Glenn Gamboa comments her concert tours are "like her life—a massive money-making venture designed to play up her talents and distract from her shortcomings with a mix of techno-tinged sex appeal and disco-flavored flash. And, like her life, it is, more or less, a success.[214]
Influences[link]
 |
 |
|
|
Madonna (left) and Janet Jackson (right) are Spears's two biggest influences.
|
||
Throughout her career, Spears has drawn frequent comparisons to Madonna and Janet Jackson, in terms of vocals, choreography and stage presence, citing both as influences in her work. She has also named Michael Jackson as a source of inspiration.[215] According to Spears: "I know when I was younger, I looked up to people... like, you know, Janet Jackson and Madonna. And they were major inspirations for me. But I also had my own identity and I knew who I was, you know."[216] In the 2002 book Madonnastyle by Carol Clerk, she is quoted saying: "I have been a huge fan of Madonna since I was a little girl. She's the person that I've really looked up to. I would really, really like to be a legend like Madonna."[217]
Many critics have argued that Spears should not be considered in the same league of talent as Jackson or Madonna. Journalists Erika Montalvo and Jackie Sheppard of the Rocky Mountain Collegian observed "[s]ome may argue that Spears is not only a good recording artist but also an important cultural icon."[218] However, in examining her level of skill as an artist, it is questioned that "[a]lthough she has been classified among female elites such as Janet Jackson and Madonna, what does Ms. Spears really have in common with these divas of rock?"[218] Joan Anderman of The Boston Globe remarked that "[t]hirteen costume changes in 90 minutes won't bless her with Madonna's intelligence or cultural barometer. An army of cutting-edge R&B producers won't supply her with Janet Jackson's sense of humor or sincere smile ... Britney's heroes aren't great singers. But they're real singers. Spears sounds robotic, nearly inhuman, on her records, so processed is her voice by digital pitch-shifters and synthesizers."[219]
Reporter Ed Bumgardner commented her transition from teen pop start to adult sex symbol with her third studio album Britney "takes its cues from two other successful performers—Madonna and Janet Jackson—both of whom she brazenly rips off and both of whom, like Spears, are passable singers, at best."[220] Critic Shane Harrison wrote: "From the minimalist thump and "Nasty" feel of "I'm a Slave 4 U" to the scattered quotes in "Boys", [Britney] feels like [Spears's] attempt at 'Control'."[215]
Citing Jackson's resolve to incorporate personal and social issues into her work and Madonna's ability to constantly redefine the boundaries of socially acceptable material in the industry, Spears's catalog ultimately pales in comparison, because "[w]hile Jackson and Madonna wrote their own music about subjects of importance, [Spears's] music sounds like an upbeat version of either, 'I want to grow up but the media won't let me,' or 'Here kitty, kitty, I'm wearing my underwear outside of my leather pants'-type ballads."[218] In contrast, Guy Blackman argues that although "no one would argue that Spears is some kind of pioneering pop auteur, there’s still a lot to like about her back catalogue. During her world-conquering peak, she was just about as cutting edge as you could get in the world of global pop superstardom. Spears didn’t just work with big names, she gave big names their names, and maintained her high currency in the world’s most fickle industry for years, when most aspiring starlets are lucky to manage months."[197]
After meeting Spears face to face, Janet Jackson stated: "she said to me, 'I'm such a big fan; I really admire you.' That's so flattering. Everyone gets inspiration from some place. And it's awesome to see someone else coming up who's dancing and singing, and seeing how all these kids relate to her. A lot of people put it down, but what she does is a positive thing."[221] Madonna's respect for Spears has also been a subject of observation. Santiago Fouz-Hernández and Freya Jarman-Ivens, authors of Madonna's drowned worlds: new approaches to her cultural transformations, 1983-2003 (2004) note that the most well known cross-generational relationship exists between Spears and Madonna in which "the entertainment newsmedia almost became obsessed with their relationship of mutual admiration."[222] The biographers also report "[s]ome observers of popular culture, however, feel that the comparisons between the two artist are meaningless and fail to recognize Madonna's unique contribution: Madonna was never 'just another pop star' whereas Britney can more easily be seen as a standard manufactured pop act."[222]
Legacy[link]
Spears became an international pop culture icon immediately after launching her recording career. Rolling Stone magazine wrote: "One of the most controversial and successful female vocalists of the 21st century," she "spearheaded the rise of post-millennial teen pop ... Spears early on cultivated a mixture of innocence and experience that broke the bank".[223] She is listed by the Guinness World Records as having the "Best-selling album by a teenage solo artist" for her debut album ...Baby One More Time which sold over thirteen million copies in the United States.[224] Melissa Ruggieri of the Richmond Times-Dispatch reported, "She's also marked for being the best-selling teenage artist. Before she turned 20 in 2001, Spears sold more than 37 million albums worldwide".[225] As of 2011, she has sold over 100 million albums worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.[10] She was also ranked as the fourth VH1's "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era" show list, ahead of most of her contemporaries and only behind veterans like Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston.[226] Spears is also recognized as the best-selling female artist of the first decade of the 21st century, as well as the fifth overall.[7] In December 2009, Billboard magazine ranked Spears the 8th Artist of the 2000s decade in the United States.[6]
Spears is also known for her iconic performances and music videos.[227] The music video for her debut single, "...Baby One More Time", was ranked number one on TRL's Final Countdown of the most iconic music videos.[228] On the 2000 MTV Video Music Awards, before performing "Oops!... I Did It Again", the singer appeared behind a backlit screen, and descended a spiral staircase and started performing "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction", while wearing a tuxedo.[229] After performing a shortened version of the track, she tore the tuxedo off, revealing a skin-tight flesh-coloured outfit.[230] The following year, Spears performed her single "I'm a Slave 4 U". Jocelyn Vena of MTV summarized the performance, saying, "draping herself in a white python and slithering around a steamy garden setting – surrounded by dancers in zebra and tiger outfits – Spears created one of the most striking visuals in the 27-year history of the show."[231] She also duetted "The Way You Make Me Feel" with pop singer Michael Jackson on his 30th anniversary concert a few days earlier.[232] During the opening of the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards on August 27, 2003, Spears joined Madonna, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott.[233] Halfway through the performance, Madonna kissed Spears and Aguilera on the lips.[234] The kiss between Spears and Madonna generated strong reaction from the media.[235] This performance was listed by Blender magazine as one of the twenty-five sexiest music moments on television history.[236] MTV listed the performance as the number-one opening moments in the history of MTV Video Music Awards.[237] In 2011, Spears was honored with the MTV Video Vanguard Award, for having made a profound effect on the MTV culture.[238]
Barbara Ellen of The Observer has reported: "Spears is famously one of the 'oldest' teenagers pop has ever produced, almost middle aged in terms of focus and determination. Many 19-year-olds haven't even started working by that age, whereas Britney, a former Mouseketeer, was that most unusual and volatile of American phenomena — a child with a full-time career. While other little girls were putting posters on their walls, Britney was wanting to be the poster on the wall. Whereas other children develop at their own pace, Britney was developing at a pace set by the ferociously competitive American entertainment industry".[239] In 2011, Adam Markovitz of Entertainment Weekly commented on the cultural significance of Spears' voice and music. "We don't ask a whole lot from Britney Spears as an entertainer...we'll still send her straight up the charts simply because she's Britney. She's an American institution, as deeply sacred and messed up as pro wrestling or the filibuster. Musically, though, Spears will always have to measure up to her own gold standards of pop euphony: the operatic slither of 2004's 'Toxic' and the candied funk of 2000's 'Oops!...I Did It Again.' Spears is no technical singer, that's for sure. But backed by Martin and Dr. Luke's wall of pound, her vocals melt into a mix of babytalk coo and coital panting that is, in its own overprocessed way, just as iconic and propulsive as Michael Jackson's yips or Eminem's snarls."[240] 'Britney Spears' was Yahoo!'s most popular search term between 2005 and 2008, and has been in a total of seven different years.[241] Spears was named as Most Searched Person in the Guinness World Records book edition 2007 and 2009.[242] She was later named as the most searched person of the decade 2000 - 2009.[243] Spears is the most followed person on Google's social network, Google+. Reaching 100,000 in under two months of the sites launch, quadrupling the amount within 10 days. By November she had over 760,000 followers,[244] and by the end of December 2011, Spears became the first person to reach over 1 million followers.[245]
Spears has been cited as a musical inspiration by contemporary artists. Gwyneth Paltrow's character on 2010 drama film Country Strong was inspired on the singer's public meltdown. According to film director Shana Fest, "that's where this movie came from. I mean, I was seeing what was happening in the media to Britney Spears. I think it's tragic how we treat people who give us so much, and we love to see them knocked down to build them back up again, to knock them down again."[246] Nicki Minaj has cited Spears as a major influence on her career, and commented, "the fact that she came back out with just so much fire inspires me, and it inspires young women and people all over the world. It just inspires you. A lot of my fans feel like they are the underdog and feel like they are the people who aren’t ever accepted for themselves, or who are laughed at or poked fun at forever. It just goes to show that once you keep at whatever it is you’re doing, people may not like you, people may not love you, but they will have to respect you at the end of the day. And that respect is all that matters."[247] Lana Del Rey revealed that she is compelled by Spears in an interview with MTV, saying, "I'm not really interested in a ton of female musicians but there is something about Britney that compelled me – the way she sings and just the way she looks."[248] Del Rey also said that the "Toxic" music video is a main inspiration of her work.[249] During the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Lady Gaga said that Spears "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her."[238] Miley Cyrus credits Spears as her biggest inspiration, and has referenced the singer in her hit song "Party in the U.S.A." (2009).[250][251] Spears' personal breakdown was also cited as an inspiration for Barry Manilow's album "15 Minutes".[252]
Spears has also become a major influence among many new artists, including Demi Lovato,[253] Katy Perry,[253] Kristinia DeBarge,[254] Little Boots,[255] Marina and the Diamonds,[256] Pixie Lott,[257] and Selena Gomez & the Scene.[258] In 2007, Beyoncé Knowles also expressed her love for Spears in an interview with TRL Italy, saying, "I love Britney, I'm a fan of hers. I like her new album ['Blackout']."[259] Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas revealed to The Hollywood Reporter that she was happy with Spears' return to the music industry, and continued, "It's amazing. For this many years being in the business, and everything she's been through, it's wonderful to see her make this huge of a comeback. Really, it's a beautiful thing."[260] Simon Cowell explained that he is "fascinated by [Britney]. The fact that she’s one of the most talked about – not just pop stars – but people in the world today, means that you’ve got this star power. [...] She’s still hot, she’s still having hit records and she’s still controversial, there’s a reason for that."[182] Bebo Norman wrote a song about Spears, called "Britney", which was released as a single. Boy band Busted also wrote a song about Spears called "Britney", which was on their debut album. South Korean KPop singer, BoA has also spoken of love and Spears' influence on her. First meeting in 2003 while Spears was promoting "In The Zone" - Britney would later provide a writing credit to the song, Look Who's Talking, on BoA's eponymous debut English album. Spears' version of the song leaked in 2012.[261][262] Richard Cheese called Britney Spears "a remarkable recording artist" and also went on to say that she was "versatile" and what the industry calls an "artist". People magazine and MTV reported that October 1, 2008, the Bronx's John Philip Sousa Middle School, named their music studio in honor of Britney Spears.[263] Spears herself was present during the ceremony and donated $10,000 to the school's music program.[264]
Personal life[link]
In 1998, Spears entered a relationship with fellow pop singer Justin Timberlake, with whom she had worked on the New Mickey Mouse Club in 1993 and 1994. The relationship ended abruptly in March 2002 after reports of infidelity, however, both parties stated that the split was due to "conflicting schedules".[265] The breakup influenced the lyrics and themes of their songs, "Everytime" and "Cry Me a River." In June 2011, Timberlake stated that he had not spoken with Spears in 9 years, and that their relationship had no chance of surviving the long term.[266] On January 3, 2004, Spears married childhood friend Jason Alexander at The Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas. The marriage was annulled 55 hours later, Spears stating she "lacked understanding of her actions to the extent that she was incapable of agreeing to the marriage".[72]
In July 2004, she announced her engagement to American dancer, Kevin Federline, whom she had met three months before. The initial stages of their relationship were chronicled in Spears's first reality show Britney & Kevin: Chaotic, and received intense media attention. They held a wedding ceremony on September 18, 2004, but were not legally married until three weeks later on October 6, 2004 due to a delay finalizing the couple's prenuptial agreement.[76] With Federline, Spears had two children, sons, Sean Preston Federline, on September 14, 2005, and Jayden James Federline, on September 12, 2006.[85][89] She filed for divorce from Federline on November 7, 2006, citing irreconcilable differences.[90] Their divorce was finalized in July 2007, when the couple reached a settlement and agreed to share joint custody of their children.[91] However, due to Spears' erratic behavior (including her shaving her head bald).[267]in the following year, she lost physical custody of her children to Federline on October 1, 2007. The reasons of the court ruling were not revealed to the public.[95] After a visit with her children on the night of January 3, 2008, Spears refused to give up her sons to Federline's representatives and locked herself in a bathroom. She was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, after police that arrived at her house noted she appeared to be under the influence of an illicit substance. The following day, Spears's visitation rights were suspended at an emergency court hearing, and Federline was given sole physical and legal custody of the children. On January 31, 2008, Spears was, again, committed to the psychiatric ward of Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and put on 5150 involuntary psychiatric hold. The court placed her under temporary conservatorship of her father, James Spears, giving him complete control of her assets.[21] In July 2008, Spears regained some visitation rights after coming to an agreement with Federline and his counsel.[113] And in September 2009, Spears and Federline agreed on sharing 50/50 of the children[268]
On September 2011 Spears' former bodygaurd Fernando Flores persued a $10 million sexual harassment suit, also, citing alleged child abuse against her two sons.[269]
On December 16, 2011, Spears confirmed her engagement to her boyfriend, Jason Trawick.[270] Spears revealed her three-carat diamond ring at a party in Las Vegas on December 17.[179]
Other ventures[link]
In 2000, the singer released a limited edition of glasses titled Shades of Britney.[271] In 2001, Spears signed a deal with shoe company Skechers,[272] and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time.[273] Aside from numerous commercials with the latter during that year, she also appeared in a 2004 Pepsi television commercial in the theme of "Gladiators" with singers Beyoncé Knowles, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias.[274] On June 19, 2002, she released her first multi-platform video game, Britney's Dance Beat, which received positive reviews.[275] In March 2009, Spears was announced as the new face of clothing brand Candie's.[276] Dari Marder, chief marketing officer for the brand, explained why they choose the singer, saying, "everybody loves a comeback and nobody's doing it better than Britney. She's just poised for even greater success."[276] In 2010, Spears designed a limited edition line for the brand, which was released in stores in July 2010.[131] In 2011, she teamed up with Sony, Make Up For Ever and PlentyofFish to release her music video for "Hold It Against Me", earning her $500,000 for the product placement.[277]
Spears range of commercial deals and products also includes beauty care products and perfumes. She released her first fragrance with Elizabeth Arden, Curious in 2004, which broke the company's first-week gross for a perfume.[21] By 2009, she had released seven more fragrances, which earned her the recognition of the best-selling celebrity fragrance line on the market. The singer's Elizabeth Arden scents make up 34% of celebrity fragrance sales.[278] In 2010, Spears released her eighth fragrance, Radiance. In March 2011, company Brand Sense filed a lawsuit against Spears and Elizabeth Arden seeking $10 million in damages, claiming that the singer and her father, Jamie, allegedly stopped paying their thity-five percent commission that was agreed as part of the contract terms.[279] In July 2011, a Los Angeles judge denied the request by the company lawyers, claiming the fact that Spears is still under conservatorship.[280] Brand Sense, however, stated that they would appeal the decision.[280] In 2011, Radiance was re-issued in a new fragrance titled Cosmic Radiance.[281] Worldwide, Spears has sold over one billion bottles in only five years, which earned her an estimated $1.5 billion.[282] By the time of Mother's Day in 2012, Fantasy, her second fragrance released back in 2006, was among the top three best selling fragrances of the year's first quarter.[283]
Philanthropy[link]
The singer founded The Britney Spears Foundation, a charitable entity set up to help children in need. The philosophy behind the Foundation was that music and entertainment has a healing quality that can truly benefit these kid.[284] The Foundation also supported the annual Britney Spears Camp for the Performing Arts, where campers had the opportunity to explore and develop their talents.[285] In April 2002, through the efforts of Spears and The Britney Spears Foundation, a grant of $1 million was made to the Twin Towers Fund to support the children of uniformed service heroes affected by the disaster of September 11, 2001, including New York City Fire Department and its Emergency Medical Services Command, the New York City Police Department, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the New York State Office of court Administration and other government offices.[286] However, it was reported in 2008 that the Foundation had a deficit of $200,000.[287] After the singer went through conservatorship, her father and lawyer Andrew Wallet zeroed out the effort, leading to its closure in 2011.[288]
On October 30, 2001, Spears, alongside Bono and other popular recording artists under the name "Artists Against AIDS Worldwide", released a single titled "What's Going On", with the intention to benefit AIDS programs in Africa and other impoverished regions.[289] In the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2006, Spears donated $350,000 to Music Rising.[290] Later in 2011, the singer raised $200,000 during An Evening of Southern Style at a private residence in Beverly Hills to benefit the St. Bernard Project, with the help of several celebrities, including Hilary Duff, Selena Gomez, Kelly Osbourne, Kellan Lutz and Kim Kardashian.[291] Spears has also helped several charities during her career, including Madonna's Kabbalah-based Spirituality for Kids,[292] cancer charity Gilda's Club Worldwide,[293] Promises Foundation, and United Way[disambiguation needed 
], with the latter two focused on giving families from various disadvantaged situations new hope and stable foundations for the future.[290]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Britney Spears discography and Britney Spears videography
- ...Baby One More Time (1999)
- Oops!... I Did It Again (2000)
- Britney (2001)
- In the Zone (2003)
- Blackout (2007)
- Circus (2008)
- Femme Fatale (2011)
Filmography[link]
Main article: Britney Spears filmography
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Longshot | Flight attendant | Cameo appearance |
| 2002 | Austin Powers in Goldmember | Herself | Cameo appearance |
| 2002 | Crossroads | Lucy Wagner | Teen Choice Award for Best Actress Drama/Action Adventure Teen Choice Award for Best Chemistry (with Anson Mount) Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress Nominated—Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Dressed |
| 2004 | Fahrenheit 9/11 | Herself | Cameo appearance Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress |
| Year | Title | Character |
|---|---|---|
| 1993–1994 | The Mickey Mouse Club | Various Roles (Series regular) |
| 1999 | The Famous Jett Jackson | Herself |
| 1999 | Sabrina the Teenage Witch | Herself |
| 1999 | The Famous Jett Jackson | Herself |
| 1999 | Kenan & Kel | Herself |
| 1999 | Médico de familia | Herself |
| 1999 | Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree | Herself |
| 2000 | The Simpsons | Herself |
| 2000 | Saturday Night Live | Herself |
| 2002 | Stages: Three Days in Mexico | Herself |
| 2002 | Robbie the Reindeer in Legend of the Lost Tribe | Donner (voice) |
| 2002 | Saturday Night Live | Herself (host) |
| 2003 | Punk'd | Herself |
| 2004 | Britney & Kevin: Chaotic | Herself |
| 2006 | Will & Grace | Amber-Louise (1 episode) |
| 2008 | How I Met Your Mother | Abby (2 episodes) |
| 2008 | Britney: For the Record | Herself |
| 2010 | Glee | Herself |
| 2012 | The X Factor | Judge |
| 2012 | The Pauly D Project | Herself (1 episode) |
Tours[link]
Main article: List of Britney Spears concert tours
- ...Baby One More Time Tour (1999–2000)
- Oops!... I Did It Again World Tour (2000–01)
- Dream Within a Dream Tour (2001–02)
- The Onyx Hotel Tour (2004)
- The M+M's Tour (2007)
- The Circus Starring Britney Spears (2009)
- Femme Fatale Tour (2011)
See also[link]
 |
Book: Britney Spears |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Britney Spears products
- Honorific nicknames in popular music
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of best-selling music artists in the United States
Notes[link]
- ^ "RCA's Peter Edge, Tom Corson on the Shuttering of Jive, J and Arista". Billboard.biz. 2011-10-07. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-peter-edge-tom-corson-on-the-shuttering-1005394732.story. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- ^ Folkard, Claire (2003). Guinness World Records 2003. Bantam Books. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-553-58636-7.
- ^ Ruggieri, Melissa (2000-12-19). "Music Notes". Richmond Times-Dispatch: pp. D.13
- ^ Often referred to in interviews, cover stories and promotional material as the new 'princess of pop' Susan Hopkins (2002), Girl Heroes: The New Force In Popular Culture, University of Michigan Press, p. 60
- ^ Esmailian, Ani (2010-05-21). "15 Most Profitable Female Tours Ever". Hollyscoop. DNA Group. http://www.hollyscoop.com/music/madonna/15-most-profitable-female-tours-ever_2133.aspx. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
- ^ a b "Artists of the Decade". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2010. http://www.billboard.com/#/features/artist-of-the-decade-1004053060.story. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ a b Grein, Paul (2009-05-29). "Chart Watch Extra: The Top 20 Album Sellers Of The 2000s". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/34074/chart-watch-extra-the-top-20-album-sellers-of-the-2000s. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ "RIAA — Gold & Platinum — May 3, 2010". Recording Industry Association of America. Mitch Bainwol. 2010. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ "The Nielsen Company & Billboard's 2011 Music Industry Report" (Press release). Business Wire. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. http://www.webcitation.org/64TshZep3.
- ^ a b Moodie, Clemmie (2011-11-03). "Britney Spears pictured backstage at Rock Of Ages with Shane Ward". Daily Mirror (UK: Trinity Mirror). http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/britney-spears-pictured-backstage-at-rock-89309. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
- ^ "The Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments - Britney Spears". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-top-25-teen-idol-breakout-moments-20120511/britney-spears-2000-19691231. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
- ^ Graham, Mark (2012-02-13). "VH1's 100 Greatest Women In Music (Complete List)". VH1. Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. http://www.webcitation.org/65vGgxvII.
- ^ "The World's Most Powerful Celebrities". Forbes. 2012-05-16. http://www.forbes.com/celebrities/#p_1_s_d2_Musicians_. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ a b "The X Factor New Judges". TheXFactorUSA.com. 2012-05-14. http://www.thexfactorusa.com/articles/the-x-factor-new-judges. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ ethnic (1981-12-02). "Britney Spears | EthniCelebs – Celebrity Ethnicity |What Nationality Background Ancestry Race". EthniCelebs. http://ethnicelebs.com/britney-spears. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
- ^ Thomas, Liz (2008-09-17). "Exclusive: First photos of Britney Spears' newly-discovered British family". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1056674/EXCLUSIVE-First-photos-Britney-Spears-newly-discovered-British-family.html. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ Spears & Craker 2008, p. 4
- ^ Spears & Craker 2008, p. 211
- ^ Spears & Craker 2008, p. 56
- ^ a b c d e Daly, Steven (1999-04-15). "Cover Story: Britney Spears: Britney Spears : Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). ISSN 0035-791X.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Reporter, Staff (2008-07-31). "Britney Spears' Biography ". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,195283,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Spears & Craker 2008, p. 75
- ^ Laufenberg 2005, p. 616
- ^ a b Mundy, Chris (2000-05-25). "Cover Story: The Girl Can't Help It". Rolling Stone. ISSN 0035-791X.
- ^ Hughes 2005, p. 145
- ^ Taylor, Chuck (1998-10-24). "Air Waves: Jive's Britney Spears Sets Top 40 Abuzz With Rhythm-Leaning 'Baby One More Time'". Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 110 (43). ISSN 0006-2510. http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=JQoEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&lr&hl=en&rview=1&pg=PA80#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ a b Hughes 2005, p. 147
- ^ Blandford 2002, p. 28
- ^ "Britney Spears, Teen Queen: Rolling Stone's 1999 Cover Story". Rolling Stone. 2011. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/britney-spears-teen-queen-rolling-stones-1999-cover-story-20110329. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ Blandford 2002, p. 30
- ^ Blandford 2002, p. 29
- ^ Bronson 2003, p. 377
- ^ "Rock On The Net: 42nd Annual Grammy Awards – 2000". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. RockOntheNet.com. 2010. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2000/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Record-Breakers and Trivia". Everyhit.com. 2010. http://everyhit.com/record4.html. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Best Selling Singles Of All Time". Everyhit.com. 2010. http://everyhit.com/bestsellingsingles.html. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ a b c "Britney Spears ". The Official Charts Company. 2010. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/BRITNEY%20SPEARS/. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (2008-11-27). "Britney Spears: Circus". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/28/britney-spears-circus.
- ^ Blandford 2002, p. 36
- ^ Stevenson, Jane (1999-07-10). "Spears takes aim at fame". Jam!. Quebecor Inc.. http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/S/Spears_Britney/1999/07/10/749831.html. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
- ^ Blandford 2002, p. 38
- ^ Skanse, Richard (2000-05-25). "Oops!...She Sold 1.3 Million Albums: Britney Spears". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). ISSN 0035-791X.
- ^ Staff, Michael (2010-05-20). "Oops! Week: 10 Fun Facts". BritneySpears.com Brandcasting Unlimited. Archived from the original on 2010-06-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20100606172346/http://www.britneyspears.com/2010/05/oops-week-10-fun-facts.php. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ Sheffield, Rob (2000-06-08). "Britney Spears: Oops!...I Did It Again : Music Reviews : Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner). ISSN 0035-791X.
- ^ "ultratop.be — Britney Spears — Oops!... I Did It Again:". Ultratop. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Oops!...+I+Did+It+Again&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Rock On The Net: 43nd Annual Grammy Awards – 2001". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. RockOntheNet.com. 2010. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2001/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "Britney Spears on 100 Top Celebrities". Forbes. 2000. http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/53/2001/LIR.jhtml?passListId=53&passYear=2001&passListType=Person&uniqueId=PREW&datatype=Person. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
- ^ a b Montgomery, James (2007-09-06). "Britney Spears' Greatest VMA Hits: Barely There Costumes, Giant Snakes And A Scandalous Lip-Lock". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1568995/20070906/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ Moss, Corey (2001-10-25). "Britney Says Britney Reflects Who Britney Is". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1450334/20011024/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Britney sold over 12 million copies worldwide". Live Nation. 2010. http://www.store.livenation.com/Product.aspx?cp=13281_16771_16305_16306&pc=MUDD413. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "ultratop.be — Britney Spears — Britney". Ultratop. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Britney&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2001). "Britney > Overview". Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r556064. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Rock On The Net: 45nd Annual Grammy Awards – 2001". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. RockOntheNet.com. 2010. http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/grammys.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "The New Classics: Music". Entertainment Weekly. 2010. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20207076_20207387_20207337,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "ultratop.be — Britney Spears — I'm a Slave 4 U". Ultratop. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=I%27m+A+Slave+4+U&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ McHugh, Catherine (2002-07-01). "Britney's Big Splash". Live Design. Penton Media. http://livedesignonline.com/mag/britneys_big_splash/index.html?smte=wr. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Singlerland, Amy L. (2002-08-01). "Singin' in the Rain". Live Design. Penton Media. http://livedesignonline.com/mag/lighting_singin_rain/index.html. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "McCartney Notches Year's Highest-Grossing Tour". Billboard. Nielsen Company. 2002. http://www.billboard.com/news/mccartney-notches-year-s-highest-grossing-1782120.story#/news/mccartney-notches-year-s-highest-grossing-1782120.story. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
- ^ "Forbes Celebrity 100 2002". Forbes (Forbes Publishing). 2002. Archived from the original on 2010-12-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20101202174403/http://www.forbes.com/lists/home.jhtml?passListId=53&passYear=2002&passListType=Person. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "Crossroads Movie Reviews, Pictures — Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. 2002. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1112549-crossroads/. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "Crossroads Film Review — Crossroads Film Pictures, Crossroads Film Trailer". View London. 2 View Group Ltd.. 2002-04-02. http://www.viewlondon.co.uk/films/crossroads-film-review-2625.html. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b c Hughes 2005, p. 152
- ^ Moss, Corey (2002-11-27). "Britney Spears Bails On Her New York Restaurant, Nyla". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458900/20021126/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Moss, Corey (2002-11-05). "Britney Spears' Hiatus Is History". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1458526/20021105/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Sanchez, Rowena Joy A. (2009-10-04). "'This one’s for you': Ex-music couples sing of their love woes". Manila Bulletin. Manila Bulletin Publishing Corp.. http://www.mb.com.ph/node/226195/thi. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Sawyer, Diane (2003-11-23). "Britney revealed". ninemsn. PBL Media / Microsoft. http://sixtyminutes.ninemsn.com.au/stories/contributors/259121/britney-revealed. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ Stern, Bradley (2010-02). "Annet Artani: From "Everytime" to "Alive"". MuuMuse.com. Bradley Stern. http://www.muumuse.com/2010/02/annet-artani-from-everytime-to-alive.html#more-5249. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ a b Jacks, Brian (2009-03-19). "Fred Durst Looks Back At His Relationship With Britney Spears". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1607309/20090319/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "In The Zone reviews at Metacritic.com:". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. 2003. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/spearsbritney/inthezone. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "The 50 Most Important Recordings: S-Z : NPR". NPR.com. National Public Radio. 2009-11-16. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120400577. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "ultratop.be — Britney Spears — In the Zone". Ultratop. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=In+The+Zone&cat=a. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
- ^ "In the Zone sold over 10 million copies worldwide". Live Nation. 2010. http://www.store.livenation.com/Product.aspx?cp=13281_16771_16305&pc=MUDD417. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ a b "Judge dissolves Britney's 'joke' wedding ". Associated Press. NBC Universal / Microsoft. 2004-04-06. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/3869708/. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2004-03-02). "Britney Checking Into Onyx Hotel Wearing Rubberlike Outfit". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1485503/20040302/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (2004-06-16). "Britney Cancels Tour Due to Bad Knee". People. Time Warner. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,652994,00.html. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
- ^ a b Walls, Jeannette (2004-06-01). "Forget Kabbalah, Britney's baby is her religion — Entertainment — msnbc.com". NBC Universal / Microsoft. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12920032/. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ a b Heller 2007, p. 80[citation not found]
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2004-10-16). "Britney Spears Announces She's Taking A Break From Her Career". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1492692/20041016/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2004-08-13). "Britney Covers Bobby Brown's 'My Prerogative' For Forthcoming LP". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1490190/20040813/spears_britney.jhtml?headlines=true. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ "Britney Spears — My Prerogative (song)". Ultratop. Hung Medien. 2004. http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=My+Prerogative&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ "UK Singles Chart". The Official Charts Company. aCharts. 2005-03-07. http://acharts.us/uk_singles_top_75/2005/10. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ "Britney Spears – Do Somethin' (song)". UltratopHung Medien. 2005. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Do+Somethin%27&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ "Biography - Sales". Britney.com. Sony Music Entertainment. 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-12-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20101224220054/http://www.britney.com/mx/career-highlights. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
- ^ "Don't Call Me Britney ... Or Mariah, Or Eminem...". MTV. 2004. http://www.mtv.com/bands/a/alter_egos_news_feature_050321/. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
- ^ "So Much For 'Taking Time Off' Britney Previews New Song On L.A. Radio Station". MTV. 2005-01-03. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1495275/20050103/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
- ^ a b "Britney Welcomes Home Sean Preston". People. 2005-09-21. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1039012_1107631,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2010-10-06). "Surprise: Britney's Releasing An Album In Just Two Weeks". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1512630/20051031/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2005-11-08.
- ^ Daniel, Mike (2007-11-06). "Britney Spears' recordings find art imitating life". Denton Record-Chronicle. A. H. Belo Corporation. Archived from the original on 2012-01-13. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:VaVPZ3evtAsJ:www.dentonrc.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-britneyalbums_1103gl.ART.State.Edition1.4209e2e.html+%22Britney+Spears%27+recordings+find+art+imitating+life%22&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br&. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
- ^ Thomas, Karen (2010-10-06). "USATODAY.com — Britney maybe one more time". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-03-29-britney-sidebar_x.htm. Retrieved 2006-03-29.
- ^ a b "Britney's Baby Name: Jayden James Federline — Britney Spears". People. 2006-10-24. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,1550177,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears Files for Divorce — Divorced, Britney Spears, Kevin Federline". People. 2006-11-07. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1556096,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ a b Hall, Sarah (2007-07-30). "Britney, Kevin Back to Being Single — E! Online". E! Online. E!. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b55767_Britney_Kevin_Back_to_Being_Single_.html. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ "Lynne Spears Visits Sister's Grave Amid Crisis — Britney Spears, Lynne Spears". People. 2008-01-05. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20169661,00.html. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ Marikar, Sheila (2007-02-19). "Bald and Broken: Inside Britney's Shaved Head ". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/Health/story?id=2885048&page=1. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ^ Van Horn, Teri (2007-05-02). "Britney's Back! Spears Returns To The Stage With Five-Song Dirty Dance Party". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1558527/20070502/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ a b "Spears will lose custody of children". CNN. 2007-10-02. http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/01/spears.federline/index.html. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Hollyscope Team, "Louis Vuitton Sues Britney Spears", hollyscoop.com, November 19, 2007
- ^ "Britney Spears Debuts No. 1 on European Albums Chart and Debuts No. 1 on...". PR Newswire. 2007-11-08. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/britney-spears-debuts-1-on-european-albums-chart-and-debuts-1-on-us-digital-albums-chart-58819832.html. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (2008-11-28). "CD review: Britney Spears: Circus". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/28/britney-spears-circus. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Robinson, Peter (2007-11-11). "CDs: Britney Spears, Blackout and Kylie Minogue, X". The Observer (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2007/nov/11/shopping.popandrock1. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Lim, Dennis (2007-10-30). "Blackout — Blender". Blender (Alpha Media Group). ISSN 1534-0554.
- ^ Lyons, Bev; Sutherland, Laura (2008-11-07). "Britney Spears seals comeback with two gongs at MTV Europe Music Awards ". The Daily Record. Scotland. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/2008/11/07/britney-spears-seals-comeback-with-two-gongs-at-mtv-europe-music-awards-86908-20875355/. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Asthana, Anushka (2009-11-21). "The 100 best pop albums of the Noughties ". The Times (UK). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6922991.ece. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Willis, David (2007-09-10). "Britney's MTV comeback falls flat". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6986539.stm. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ "Canada Singles Top 100". Billboard. acharts.us. 2007-10-13. http://acharts.us/canada_singles_top_100/2007/41. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears – Gimme More (song)". Ultratop. Hung Medien. 2007. http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Gimme+More&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "Australian Singles Chart". acharts.us. 2008-03-01. http://acharts.us/australia_singles_top_50/2008/06. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
- ^ "UK Singles Chart". The Official Charts Company. acharts.us. 2007-12-23. http://acharts.us/uk_singles_top_75/2007/52. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "Britney Spears – Piece of Me(song)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. 2008. http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Piece+of+Me&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
- ^ "Britney Pap-Happy with Her New Guy — Britney Spears". People. 2008-01-03. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20168997,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
- ^ Blankstein, Andrew; Winton, Richard (2008-02-07). "Spears is released from UCLA hospital psychiatric ward — Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/07/local/me-britney7. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Hinckley, D. (2008-03-25). "Britney Spears begins rehab of image with wacky cameo on CBS sitcom". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/2008/03/24/2008-03-24_britney_spears_begins_rehab_of_image_wit-1.html?ref=rss. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Hibberd, James (2008-03-25). "Spears delivers 'Mother's' highest ratings". The Hollywood Reporter (e5 Global Media). Archived from the original on 2008-06-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20080606035305/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3ia2cce804ce40901d82b7a82b3af831e3?imw=Y. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ a b Lee, Ken (2008-07-18). "It's Over: Britney & Kevin Reach a Custody Settlement — Scandals & Feuds, Britney Spears, Kevin Federline". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20213350,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
- ^ "Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards". MTV. 2008. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2008-10-09). "Britney Spears 'Sets The Record Straight' In Documentary Airing November 30 On MTV". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1596736/20081009/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ ""Britney: For the Record" scores staggering 3.54 P12–34 rating in Sunday debut on MTVh". MTV. 2008-12-02. http://mtvpress.com/music/release/britney_for_the_record_scores_staggering_3_54_p12_34_rating/. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "Circus reviews at Metacritic.com". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/spearsbritney/circus. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ a b Hasty, Katie (2008-12-10). "Britney's 'Circus' Debuts Atop Album Chart". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-s-circus-debuts-atop-album-chart-1003921424.story. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Britney Earns (Another) Guinness World Record". Britney.com. Jive. 2009-09-27. http://www.britney.com/us/blog/britney-earns-another-guinness-world-record. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Reporter, Staff (2009-03-06). "#13 Britney Spears — The 2009 Celebrity 100". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/53/celebrity-09_Britney-Spears_PREW.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Britney Spears' Singles Collection". HMV Store Japan. 2010-06-01. http://www.hmv.co.jp/news/article/909250129/. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
- ^ "Britney Spears' Singles Collection". HMV Store Japan (Yahoo! Translation). 2010-01-12. http://babelfish.yahoo.com/translate_url?doit=done&tt=url&intl=1&fr=bf-home&trurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmv.co.jp%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F909250129%2F&lp=ja_en&btnTrUrl=Translate. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
- ^ Reporter, Billboard (2008-10-15). "Spears Scores Record-Setting Hot 100 Jump". Billboard (Nielsen Company). http://www.billboard.com/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003874105#/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003874105. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Britney Spears — Womanizer (song)". Ultratop. Hung Medien. 2008. http://www.ultratop.be/en/showitem.asp?interpret=Britney+Spears&titel=Womanizer&cat=s. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Nominees list for the 52nd Grammy Awards". Los Angeles Times. 2009-12-02. http://www2.grammy.com/grammy_awards/52nd_show/list.aspx. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
- ^ Mitovich, Matt (2009-01-31). "Britney Gets Restraining Order Against Former Manager, Ex-Beau and Attorney". TV Guide. OpenGate Capital. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Britney-Restraining-Order-1002335.aspx. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "2009 Year End Top 50 Worldwide Concert Tours". Pollstar. 2010. http://www.pollstarpro.com/SpecialFeatures2009/2009YearEndTop50WorldwideConcertTours.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
- ^ Pietroluongo, Silvio (2009-10-14). "'3' To 1: Britney Beats Odds To Debut Atop Hot 100". Billboard (Nielsen Company). http://www.billboard.com/#/news/3-to-1-britney-beats-odds-to-debut-atop-1004021929.story. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
- ^ Staff, Lauren (2009-11-16). ""IT'S BRITNEY!" APP FOR iPHONE and iPOD TOUCH GOES LIVE — BRITNEY SPEARS". BritneySpears.com. Brandcasting Unlimited. Archived from the original on 2009-11-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20091119174144/http://www.britneyspears.com/2009/11/its-britney-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-goes-live.php. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ^ Jordan, Julie (2010-05-11). "Britney Spears and Jason Trawick Split – Professionally — Britney Spears". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20368457,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ a b Vena, Jocelyn (2010-06-30). "Britney Spears To Design Clothing For Candie's". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1642722/britney-spears-design-clothing-candies.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-04-05.
- ^ Semigran, Aly (2010-09-29). "Britney Spears And Hayley Williams React To Last Night's 'Glee' In Today's Tweet Dreams". MTV. http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/09/29/britney-spears-and-hayley-williams-react-to-last-nights-glee-in-todays-tweet-dreams/. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (2010-09-29). "Britney/Brittany". The A.V. Club. http://www.avclub.com/articles/britneybrittany,45620/. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ Porter, Rick (2010-09-29). "'Glee' ratings: Britney is bigger than Madonna". Zap2it. Tribune Media Services. http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/09/glee-ratings-britney-is-bigger-than-madonna.html. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ Gorman, Bill (2010-09-29). "Tuesday Finals: Glee, No Ordinary Family, NCIS, Dancing Up; Raising Hope, Detroit 1–8–7, Running Wilde Down". TV by the Numbers. http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/09/29/tuesday-finals-glee-no-ordinary-family-ncis-dancing-up-raising-hope-detroit-1-8-7-running-wilde-down/65835. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ "7th Britney Spears Album "Femme Fatale" Set for March 29th Release". Jive Records. 2011-08-02. http://www.jiverecords.com/news/7th-britney-spears-album-femme-fatale-set-for-march-29th-release. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/news/britney-spears-hold-it-against-me-single-1004138395.story
- ^ "Britney Spears Snares Sixth No. 1 on Billboard 200 with 'Femme Fatale'". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2009-09-14. http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-spears-snares-sixth-no-1-on-billboard-1005113312.story#/news/britney-spears-snares-sixth-no-1-on-billboard-1005113312.story. Retrieved 2011-04-24.
- ^ "Adele, Katy Perry Rule Mid-Year SoundScan Charts". Billboard. 2011-06-06. http://www.billboard.com/news/adele-katy-perry-rule-mid-year-soundscan-1005266992.story#/news/adele-katy-perry-rule-mid-year-billboard-1005266992.story?page=2. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
- ^ "American album certifications – Britney Spears". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=Britney+Spears. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
- ^ "Britney Spears – Femme Fatale – Metacritic". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/femme-fatale. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-04-11). "Rihanna Says Britney Spears' 'S&M' Remix 'Had To Be Major'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1661717/britney-spears-rihanna.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-04-24.
- ^ Trust, Gary (2011-04-20). "Rihanna's 'S&M' Reigns on Hot 100, Lady Gaga's 'Judas' Debuts". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/rihanna-s-s-m-reigns-on-hot-100-lady-gaga-1005144922.story. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Listen: Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj and Ke$ha's 'Till the World Ends' Remix.". Billboard. 2009-09-14. http://www.billboard.com/news/listen-britney-spears-nicki-minaj-and-ke-1005151752.story#/news/adele-s-rolling-in-the-deep-tops-hot-100-1005179322.story. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
- ^ Trust, Gary (2011-06-30). "Britney Spears Snares 21st Top 40 Hot 100 Single; Florence & the Machine Bounces Up Billboard 200: Chart Moves". Billboard (magazine). http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/britney-spears-snares-21st-top-40-hot-100-1005260482.story. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/britney-spears/290150
- ^ a b Trust, Gary (2011-09-12). "Britney Spears' Sustained Success 'Go'-es On At Pop Radio". Billboard (magazine). http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/britney-spears-sustained-success-go-es-on-1005349002.story#/column/chartbeat/britney-spears-sustained-success-go-es-on-1005349002.story. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
- ^ Copsey, Robert (2011-10-31). "Britney Spears angers MPs over 'Criminal' video shoot". Digital Spy. Hachette Filipacchi (UK) Ltd. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a341976/britney-spears-angers-mps-over-criminal-video-shoot.html. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
- ^ Montgomery, James (2011-09-26). "Britney Spears Responds To 'Criminal' Video Controversy". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1671542/britney-spears-criminal-video-gun-criticism-response.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
- ^ "Britney Spears Notches One Billion Views on Vevo". ABC News Radio. ABC Networks. 2011-10-25. http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2011/10/25/britney-spears-notches-one-billion-views-on-vevo.html. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
- ^ "Best of 2011: The Artists". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/top-artists?year=2011&begin=11&order=position. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Best of 2011: Billboard 200 Artists". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/the-billboard-200-artists?year=2011&begin=21&order=position. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Best of 2011: Hot 100 Artists". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-year-end/hot-100-artists?year=2011. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ Lanksy, Sam. "TOP 10 POP SONGS OF 2011". PopCrush. http://popcrush.com/pop-songs-2011/. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Critics' Picks: 20 Best Songs of 2011". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 2011-12-13. http://www.billboard.com/features/critics-picks-20-best-songs-of-2011-1005671592.story?page=2. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Nicki Minaj’s "Super Bass" Named No. 1 Song Of 2011 By ‘EW’ & ‘Billboard’". Idolator. 2011-12-19. http://idolator.com/6115721/nicki-minajs-super-bass-named-1-song-of-2011-by-ew-billboard. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ Turner, Sadao (2011-03-04). "Britney Spears Talks New Album, Toned Boyfriend & Upcoming Tour [Audio]". RyanSeacrest.com. http://ryanseacrest.com/2011/03/04/britney-spears-talks-new-album-toned-boyfriend-upcoming-tour-audio/. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
- ^ Live Nation (2011-04-12). "Pop Superstar Britney Spears Announces Special Guest Nicki Minaj to Join the Highly Anticipated All Female Femme Fatale Tour" (Press release). PR Newswire. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pop-superstar-britney-spears-announces-special-guest-nicki-minaj-to-join-the-highly-anticipated-all-female-femme-fatale-tour-119685009.html. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
- ^ a b Us Weekly (2011-04-12). "Britney Spears Earns Raves for Femme Fatale Tour Opener". Wenner Media. http://www.usmagazine.com/moviestvmusic/news/britney-spears-earns-raves-for-femme-fatale-tour-opener-2011176. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ "Top 100 North American Tours". Pollstar. 2011-06-30. http://www.pollstarpro.com/files/Charts2011/07181Ttop100NorthAmericanTours.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ "Britney Spears Wraps Femme Fatale Tour". MTVdate=2011-12-12. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1675774/britney-spears-tour-wrap.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ Staff, Reporter (2011-09-14). "Britney Spears’s Femme Fatale Tour Hits EPIX on November 12". VH1. MTV Networks. http://blog.vh1.com/2011-09-14/britney-spearss-femme-fatale-tour-hits-epix-on-november-12. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
- ^ PR, Frank (2011-08-17). "EPIX Gives Fans Something to Tweet About". Business Wire. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110817005838/en/EPIX-Fans-Tweet. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Gillin, Joshua (2011-11-11). "On TV this weekend, Nov. 11–13". St. Petersburg Times (Times Publishing Company). http://www.tampabay.com/features/media/on-tv-this-weekend-nov-11-13/1201014. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-11-11). "Britney Spears Concert Special: 3 Can't-Miss Moments". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1674256/britney-spears-femme-fatale-tour-special-epix-hd.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ "Britney Spears Live: The Femme Fatale Tour (2011)". Amazon.com. 2011-10-25. http://www.amazon.com/Britney-Spears-Live-Femme-Fatale/dp/B005TQAI6G/ref=sr_1_2?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1319587212&sr=1-2. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ "Britney Spears Live: The Femme Fatale Tour [Blu-ray (2011)"]. Amazon.com. 2011-12-19. http://www.amazon.com/Britney-Spears-Live-Fatale-Blu-ray/dp/B005TQACLC/ref=sr_1_2?s=movies-tv&ie=UTF8&qid=1319494988&sr=1-2. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ Grein, Paul (2011-11-30). "Week Ending Nov. 27, 2011. Albums: Buble Wins A Squeaker". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!. http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-nov-27-2011-albums-buble-wins-171641841.html. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
- ^ "RIAA – SEARCHABLE DATABASE – Britney Spearsaccessdate=2011-12-12". RIAA. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database&artist=britney%20spears.
- ^ "ARIA Top 40 Music DVD Chart". Australian Recording Industry Association. 2011-12-12. Archived from the original on 2011-12-12. http://www.webcitation.org/63qvdvTxy. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley (2011-06-15). "L.A. Reid to Run Restructured Epic Records". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/l-a-reid-to-run-restructured-epic-records-1005237912.story. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "RCA Records Announces New Leadership Structure". All Access. 2011-08-23. http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/95527/rca-records-announces-new-leadership-structure. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ Gallo, Phil (2011-08-15). "Britney Spears Tribute Coming to VMAs, Amy Winehouse Tribute In the Works". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/britney-spears-tribute-coming-to-vmas-amy-1005316942.story. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ Mitchell, John (2011-08-28). "Britney Spears Accepts Video Vanguard VMA – And A Kiss From Lady Gaga". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1669862/britney-spears-lady-gaga-kiss-vmas.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Bain, Becky (2011-09-09). "Britney Spears Reveals ‘B In The Mix: The Remixes Vol. 2′ Track Listing". Idolator. Buzz Media. http://idolator.com/6006322/britney-b-in-the-mix-remixes-vol-2-track-listing. Retrieved 2011-09-09.
- ^ Christman, Ed (2011-08-23). "RCA's New Executive Team Named Under CEO Peter Edge Amid Layoffs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ^ "Unveiling The New Look RCA Records". FMQB. 2011-08-23. http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2268707. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-12-19). "Britney Spears' Engagement Ring: How Does It Stack Up?". MTV News. MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1676248/britney-spears-engagement-ring.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears shows off sparkler in Vegas". CNN. 2011-12-19. http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/19/britney-spears-shows-off-sparkler-in-vegas/. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ London Newsdesk (2011-12-16). "Britney Spears plans 2012 hiatus". Press Party. http://www.pressparty.com/pg/newsdesk/britneyspears/view/37155/. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ Kitchener, Shaun (2012-01-30). "will.i.am Teases Britney Spears, Shakira, Alicia Keys Collaborations". Entertainment Wise. http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/68479/william-Teases-Britney-Spears-Shakira-Alicia-Keys-Collaborations. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- ^ a b Blickley, Leigh (2012-02-28). "Simon Cowell Wants Britney Spears on ‘The X Factor’: "I’m Fascinated By Her"". OK!. Northern & Shell. http://www.okmagazine.com/news/simon-cowell-wants-britney-spears-%E2%80%98-x-factor%E2%80%99-%E2%80%9Ci%E2%80%99m-fascinated-her%E2%80%9D. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley (2012-03-09). "Britney Spears Nearing Deal to Judge 'X Factor': Report". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news?utm_source=most_recent#/news/britney-spears-nearing-deal-to-judge-x-factor-1006416752.story. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
- ^ Davies, Rebecca (2012-03-23). "Britney Spears conservatorship judge 'signs off on X Factor USA deal'". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/ustv/s141/the-x-factor-us/news/a372938/britney-spears-conservatorship-judge-signs-off-on-x-factor-usa-deal.html. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ^ Bromley, Melanie (2012-04-12). "Britney Spears Will Get Record $15 Million Payday to Be X Factor Judge". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/news/britney_spears_will_get_15_million_be_x/307137. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ^ Byrne, Katie (2012-05-09). "Britney Spears Joins 'X Factor' As A Judge". MTV MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684813/britney-spears-x-factor-judge.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney Spears in NYC for 'X Factor' Announcement". TMZ. 2012-05-14. http://www.tmz.com/videos/0_2jsnwzik. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ a b Catarinella, Alex (2012-04-12). "Britney Spears Looks Amazing In $20,000 Bra". MTV. MTV Networks. http://style.mtv.com/2012/04/12/britney-spears-twister-dance/. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ^ "Teen pop idols stage comeback". Yomiuri Shimbun: p. 1. 1999-11-25
- ^ Sheffield, Rob (2004-06-09). "Oops!...I Did It Again - Album Review". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/oops-i-did-it-again-20040609. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard book of number 1 hits. Billboard Books. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-8230-7677-2.
- ^ Taylor, Chuck (1999-08-28). "Britney Spears: (You Drive Me) Crazy". Billboard 111 (35): p. 27
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen (1999). "...Baby One More Time". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r384763. Retrieved 2009-10-08
- ^ "'One more time' for Spears". San Antonio Express-News: pp. 4F. 1999-12-16
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen (2000). "Oops!...I Did It Again". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r478679. Retrieved 2009-10-08
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen (2001). "Britney". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r556064. Retrieved 2009-10-08
- ^ a b Blackman, Guy (2009-08-25). "Musical Spears". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/news/entertainment/music/2009/10/24/1256147928875.html. Retrieved 2009-11-21
- ^ Knopper 2009, pp. 92[citation not found]
- ^ "...Baby One More Time – Album Review". CD Universe. Intermix Media. http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/1004945/a/...Baby+One+More+Time.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
- ^ Ewing, Tom (2007-11-20). "Poptimist #10: Britney in the Black Lodge (Damn Fine Album)". Pitchfork Media. Ryan Schreiber. http://pitchfork.com/features/poptimist/6734-poptimist-10/. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (2007-10-26). "Britney Spears, Blackout". The Guardian (UK: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/oct/26/popandrock.shopping. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
- ^ Cragg, Michael (2011-01-10). "New music: Britney Spears – Hold It Against Me". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2011/jan/10/britney-spears-hold-it-against-me.
- ^ "Britney Spears – Blackout Review". IGN. 2007-10-23. http://uk.music.ign.com/articles/829/829550p1.html. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (2007-10-23). ""Blackout" review". Slant magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1219. Retrieved 2010-02-20.
- ^ Allan Raible (2009-01-16). "Review: Britney Spears’ "Circus" – On the Record". Blogs.abcnews.com. http://blogs.abcnews.com/allan_raible/2009/01/review-britney.html. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Review". Entertainment Weekly. 2000-05-19. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,64697,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen (2004). "In the Zone". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r666680. Retrieved 2009-10-08
- ^ Cinquemani, Sal (2007-10-23). Blackout. Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/music_review.asp?ID=1219
- ^ a b Giddins, Gary (2006). Natural selection: Gary Giddins on comedy, film, music, and books. Oxford University Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-19-517951-4
- ^ Ollison, Rashod (2004-10-26). "The pressure to be perfect singing live ; Audiences expect CD-quality sound; Observation". The Baltimore Sun: p. 1.C. ISSN 19308965
- ^ NSW: Fans deserve to know if concerts are mimed — minister. AAP General News Wire. 2009-11-06
- ^ "The Hype; Navel Maneuvers; Britney Spears, Fronting Her Own Career Now, Gives The Pond A Bellyful". Los Angeles Daily News: pp. L.5. 2001-11-22. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-80254256.html
- ^ Mendelsohn, Aline (2004-03-31). "BRITNEY SPEARS' CONCERT ABOUT SIGHTS, NOT SOUND". Orlando Sentinel: p. E.1
- ^ Gamboa, Glenn (2009-03-12). Britney Spears rocks Nassau Coliseum on 'Circus' tour. Tribune Business News
- ^ a b Harrison, Shane (2001-11-06). "'Britney' strengthens claim to pop tiara". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution: p. C.1
- ^ Masley, Ed (2001-11-02). "The State of Britneydom: Teen-pop Queen declares 'I'm on the verge of being a woman'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: p. W.22. ISSN 1068624X
- ^ Clerk, Carol (2002). Madonnastyle. Omnibus Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7119-8874-3.
- ^ a b c Montalvo, Erika; Sheppard, Jackie (2001-11-16). "CONCERT REVIEW: Pop's princess still reigns ... for now". Rocky Mountain Collegian (UWIRE)
- ^ Anderman, Joan (2001-12-07). "BENEATH HER SEXY GROWLS, A GIRLHOOD INTERRUPTED". Boston Globe: p. D.1. ISSN 07431791
- ^ Bumgardner, Ed (2001-11-09). "CONFUSED: WOMAN OR A GIRL? SPEARS CAN'T DECIDE". Winston-Salem Journal: p. 1
- ^ Elysa Gardner (2000-07-28), "Luscious Jackson", USA Today: 1.E, ISSN 07347456
- ^ a b Hernández, Santiago; Freya Jarman-Ivens (2004). Madonna's drowned worlds: new approaches to her cultural transformations, 1983-2003. Ashgate Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-7546-3372-3
- ^ "Britney Spears: Biography: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. 2008. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/britney-spears/biography. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
- ^ Folkard, Claire (2003). Guinness World Records 2003. Bantam Books. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-553-58636-7.
- ^ Ruggieri, Melissa (2000-12-19). "Music Notes". Richmond Times-Dispatch: pp. D.13
- ^ "The Greatest: 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era". VH1. MTV Networks. http://www.vh1.com/photos/gallery/?thumbnails=true&fid=1477005. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
- ^ Graham, Mark; George, Kat (2011-12-02). "The 30 Greatest Britney Spears Songs (In Honor Of Her 30th Birthday)". http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2011-12-02/the-30-greatest-britney-spears-songs/. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Lloyd, Robert (2008-11-17). "Show Tracker". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2008/11/review-trls-tot.html.
- ^ Basham, David (2000-09-07). "Britney, Eminem, 'NSYNC Get Wild, Weird For VMA Sets". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1428580/britney-eminem-nsync-get-wild-weird-vma-sets.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
- ^ "MTV Video Music Awards of 2000". MTV Networks. 2000-09-06. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2000/. Retrieved 2011-08-27.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-08-25). "Britney Spears' Iconic VMA History: Snakes, Stripteases And Smooches". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1669706/britney-spears-mtv-vma-history.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Aswad, Jen (2009-06-26). "Britney Spears On Michael Jackson's Death: 'I'm Devastated'". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1614768/britney-spears-on-michael-jacksons-death-im-devastated.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Moss, Corey (2003-08-23). "Madonna Smooches With Britney And Christina; Justin, Coldplay Win Big At VMAs". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1477729/20030828/spears_britney.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ "MTV VMA 2003 highlights – Madonna performance video". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2003/. Retrieved 2009-08-24.
- ^ Paglia, Camille (2006-12-08). "Camille Paglia says Madonna Gave Britney the "Kiss of Death"". Us Weekly. Jann Wenner. http://www.monstersandcritics.com/people/news/article_1231611.php/Paglia_The_rise_and_fall_of_Britney_Spears. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ Collis, Jonah; Weiner (2004-02-15). "The 25 Sexiest Music Moments in TV History!". Blender (Alpha Media Group). ISSN 1534-0554.
- ^ Vera, Jocelyn (2008-08-24). "The Top 10 Opening Moments In VMA History: From Madonna To The Present". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1593419/20080822/madonna.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears Accepts Video Vanguard VMA – And A Kiss From Lady Gaga". MTV. MTV Networks. 2011-08-28. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1669862/britney-spears-lady-gaga-kiss-vmas.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Ellen, Barbara (2000-12-10). "Comment: Britney Spears: Growing up is hard to do: America's apple- pie cheerleader is feeling the pressure as she tries to break free from her clean teen image. So is it all proving too much for Britney Inc, as she pulls out of tonight's Smash Hits Poll Winners' party and takes to her bed: The Observer Profile: Britney Spears". The Observer: p. 27. ISSN 00297712
- ^ Markovitz, Adam (2011-03-23). "Music Review: Femme Fatale". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20475684,00.html. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
- ^ "Britney Spears Tops Yahoo Searches". NBC Washington. 2008-12-01. http://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/celebrity/Britney_Spears_Tops_Yahoo_Searches.html. Retrieved 2012-04-05.
- ^ "Angelina, Brad & Britney Set Guinness World Records". NBC Chicago. 2008-09-15. http://www.nbcchicago.com/entertainment/celebrity/Angelina__Brad___Britney_Set_Guinness_World_Records.html. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Gerald Lynch (2009-12-21). "Britney Spears is the most searched for celebrity of the decade". techdigest.tv. http://www.techdigest.tv/2009/12/britney_spears_1.html. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ david murphy (2011-11-27). "Britney Spears Ousts Google CEO as Most-Followed on Google Plus". pcmag.com. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2396897,00.asp. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ damon poeter (2011-12-21). "Britney Spears First to Reach 1 Million Google+ Followers". pcmag.com. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2397948,00.asp. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ Ziegbe, Mawuse (2010-12-16). "Britney Spears Inspired 'Country Strong' Lead, Director Says". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654456/britney-spears-inspired-country-strong-lead-director.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Michelson, Noah (2011-09-05). "Catching Up With Nicki Minaj". Out. Joe Landry. http://www.out.com/entertainment/interviews/2011/05/09/catching-nicki-minaj. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (2012-02-02). "Lana Del Rey 'Compelled' By Britney Spears". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1678375/lana-del-rey-britney-spears.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ Anitai, Tamar (2012-01-11). "Lana Del Rey Visits MTV, Talks Britney & Bruce, We All Collectively Fall In Love Even Harder (PHOTO)". MTV. MTV Networks. http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2012/01/11/lana-del-rey-mtv-britney-spears-bruce-springsteenphoto/. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-08-11). "Miley Cyrus On Britney Spears: 'I'm Proud Of Her'". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1618447/20090810/cyrus__miley.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Miley Cyrus — Party in the USA — Review of Party in the USA by Miley Cyrus". About.com. Rovi Corporation. 2010-06-19. http://top40.about.com/od/singles/gr/mileycyruspartyintheusa.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ Lacher, Irene (2011-06-05). "The Sunday Conversation: Barry Manilow". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-ca-conversation-20110605,0,3882843.story. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
- ^ a b Boyce, Shannon (2011-09-01). "SHE DID IT AGAIN: BRITNEY SPEARS LANDS BACK ON TOP". Young Hollywood. http://www.younghollywood.com/scene/she-did-it-again-britney-spears-lands-back-on-top.html. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
- ^ "Kristinia DeBarge — Rhapsody Music". Rhapsody.com. http://www.rhapsody.com/kristinia-debarge. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Artist to Watch 2009: Little Boots: Little Boots". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/artist-to-watch-2009-little-boots-20090807. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ Crowley, Gary (2009-06-09). "Marina and The Diamonds in the BBC Introducing hotseat". BBC Music. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/london/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_8083000/8083745.stm. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Pixie Lott (2009-08-27). "Pixie Lott's diary: 'After the single hit No 1, it went crazy'". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/aug/27/pixie-lott-diary. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Selena Gomez". oceanUP.com. http://oceanup.com/selena_gomez. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
- ^ "[[1]]". Total Request Live Italy. 2007-12-17. 19 minutes in. MTV. "I love Britney, I'm a fan of hers. I like her new album."
- ^ Halperin, Shirley (2011-05-22). "Billboard Music Awards: Fergie Expresses Support for Britney Spears". The Hollywood Reporter. Lynne Segall. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/billboard-music-awards-fergie-expresses-191034. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ (Japanese) "BoA's profile". Avex Marketing Inc.. http://www.avexnet.or.jp/boa/profile/index.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30.
- ^ "STORY BEHIND THE SONG: Bebo Norman’s "Britney"". Ccmmagazine.com. http://www.ccmmagazine.com/just_for_you/story_behind_the_song/11581817. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ "Britney Spears Gets Bronx Middle School Music Studio Named In Her Honor". Newsroom.mtv.com. 2008-10-02. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2008/10/02/britney-spears-gets-bronx-middle-school-music-studio-named-in-her-honor/. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ Bartolomeo, Joey (2008-10-01). "Britney Spears Goes Back to School – for a Cause". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20230241,00.html. Retrieved 2010-08-14.
- ^ STEPHEN M. SILVERMAN (June 19, 2002). "Britney, Justin: Speaking of Love". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,624123,00.html. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ "Justin Timberlake on Jessica Biel, Britney Spears, and Filming Friends With Benefits". Vanity Fair. 2011-06-01. http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/06/justin-timberlake-on-jessica-biel-britney-spears-and-filming-friends-with-benefits. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ Sheila Marikar, "Bald and Broken: Inside Britney's Shaved Head", http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/Health/story?id=2885048&page=1, Febuary 19, 2007
- ^ "Britney Spears Negotiates Child Custody Deal With Kevin Federline". starpulse.com. 2009-09-25. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2009/09/25/britney_spears_negotiates_child_custody_. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- ^ Huffpost Celebrity, "Britney Spears' Former Bodyguard Files More Allegations Of Child Abuse: Report", huffingtonpost.com, September 21, 2011
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-12-19). "Britney Spears' Engagement Ring: How Does It Stack Up?". MTV News. MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1676248/britney-spears-engagement-ring.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ "Britney Brands, Inc.". Everything2 Media, LLC. 2012-06-18. http://everything2.com/title/Britney+Brands%252C+Inc.. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney Spears to Promote Pepsi". American Broadcasting Company. 2011-02-07. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=109838&page=1#.T7EV9utYsi0. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney joins the Pepsi generation". BBC. 2001-02-07. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1157766.stm. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney, Beyoncé, Pink star in Pepsi ad". USA Today (Gannett Company). 2004-01-27. Archived from the original on 2012-02-03. http://www.webcitation.org/65A8hRCJZ.
- ^ "Britney's Dance Beat". Game Spot. 2002-06-19. http://www.gamespot.com/britneys-dance-beat/. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ a b Miller, Korin (2009-03-03). "Britney Spears, Candie's Girl?! Jr. brand banks on pop star's future - not her past". Daily News. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2009-03-03/entertainment/17918560_1_bright-future-marder-britney-spears. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Roberts, Soraya (2011-01-22). "Britney Spears 'Hold It Against Me' video earns her $500,000; Katy Perry slams product placement". Daily News (Mortimer Zuckerman). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2011/02/22/2011-02-22_britney_spears_hold_it_against_me_video_earns_her_500000_katy_perry_slams_produc.html. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
- ^ "BRITNEY'S PERFUME LINE ON TOP". BritneySpears.com. 2009-05-21. Archived from the original on 2009-05-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20090525095140/http://www.britneyspears.com/2009/05/britneys-perfume-line-on-top.php.
- ^ "Britney Spears Facing $10 Million Lawsuit In Connection With Fragrance Deal". x17 Online. 2011-03-30. http://www.x17online.com/celebrities/britney_spears/britney_spears_fragrance_perfume_radiance_elizabeth_arden_brand_sense_033011.php. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears Doesn't Have To Be Deposed In Lawsuit, Judge Rules". Radar Online. 2011-07-11. http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2011/07/britney-spears-doesnt-have-be-deposed-lawsuit-judge-rules. Retrieved 2011-08-21.
- ^ "Cosmic Radiance Britney Spears perfume - a new fragrance for women 2011". Fragantica. http://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/Britney-Spears/Cosmic-Radiance-12288.html. Retrieved 2011-08-20.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (2012-05-10). "Britney Spears 'X Factor' Deal: By The Numbers". MTV. MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1684879/britney-spears-x-factor-deal-judge.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Critchell, Samantha (2012-05-10). "A-list status isn't enough to drive perfume sales". AP Newswire. http://ap.stripes.com/dynamic/stories/U/US_FASHION_CELEB_FRAGRANCES?SITE=DCSAS&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-05-10-16-27-24. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ "THE BRITNEY SPEARS FOUNDATION: HELPING CHILDREN IN NEED". BritneySpears.com. Archived from the original on 2004-11-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20041102011049/http://www.britneyspears.com/foundation-bsf.php. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "THE BRITNEY SPEARS CAMP FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS". BritneySpears.com. Archived from the original on 2004-11-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20041025234104/http://www.britneyspears.com/foundation-camp.php. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "THE BRITNEY SPEARS FOUNDATION: MISSION STATEMENT". BritneySpears.com. Archived from the original on 2004-11-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20041018091735/http://britneyspears.com/foundation-mission.php. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (2008-07-22). "Britney Spears' $200G Deficit". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,388104,00.html. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (2011-07-21). "Britney Spears Zeroes Out Her Charitable Foundation: It’s Over". Showbiz 411. http://www.showbiz411.com/2011/07/21/britney-spears-zeroes-out-her-charitable-foundation-its-over. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Artists Against AIDS Worldwide's New Superstar Version of Marvin Gaye's 'What's Going On' in Stores Tuesday, October 30". Hope for African Children. 2001-10-29. http://www.hopeforafricanchildren.org/New/Press/pr_103001.html. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ a b "Britney Spears Charity Work, Events and Causes". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/29-britney-spears. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney Spears Raises $200,000 For Hurricane Katrina Charity". Starpulse. 2011-05-13. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2011/05/13/britney_spears_raises_200000_for_hurri. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (2008-06-19). "Britney Spears' Charity in the Red". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,368961,00.html. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Britney Spears Donates $50,000 To Cancer Charity". Softpedia. 2005-07-14. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Britney-Spears-Donates-50-000-To-Cancer-Charity-4759.shtml. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
References[link]
- Blandford, James R. (2002). Britney. Music Sales Group. ISBN 978-0-7119-9419-5.
- Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard book of number 1 hits. Billboard Books. ISBN 978-0-8230-7677-2.
- Hughes, Mark (2005). Buzzmarketing: get people to talk about your stuff. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-59184-092-3.
- Laufenberg, Norbert B. (2005). Entertainment Celebrities. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4120-5335-8.
- Spears, Lynne; Craker, Lorilee (2008). Through the Storm: A Real Story of Fame and Family in a Tabloid World. Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 978-1-59555-156-6.
Further reading[link]
- Dennis, Steve (2009). Britney: Inside the Dream. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-731751-6.
- Peters, Beth (1999). True Brit: The Story of Singing Sensation Britney Spears. Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-43687-0.
- Scott, Kieran (2001). I was a Mouseketeer!. Disney Press. ISBN 978-0-7868-4470-8.
- Smith, Sean (2006). Britney The Unauthorized Biography of Britney Spears. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-330-44077-6.
- Spears, Britney (2000). Britney Spears's Heart to Heart. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-609-80701-9.
- Stevens, Amanda (2001). Britney Spears: the illustrated story. Billboard Books. ISBN 978-0-8230-7867-7.
External links[link]
| Find more about Britney Spear on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
- Official website
- Britney Spears at the Internet Movie Database
- Britney Spears at AllRovi
- Britney Spears at Allmusic
- Works by or about Britney Spears in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Britney Spears on Facebook
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Spears, Britney |
| Alternative names | Spears, Britney Jean |
| Short description | American musician, singer, songwriter, actress, author |
| Date of birth | December 2, 1981 |
| Place of birth | McComb, Mississippi, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Britney_Spears
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://fr.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://es.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://ru.wn.com/Спирс, Бритни
http://cs.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://pt.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://pl.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://hi.wn.com/ब्रिट्नी स्पीयर्स
http://it.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://id.wn.com/Britney Spears
http://nl.wn.com/Britney Spears
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britney_Spears
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Theophilus London | |
|---|---|
 Theophilus London at Fri-Son in Fribourg, Switzerland (2010) |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | February 1987 (age 25) |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop, R-Neg-B |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | Warner Brothers |
| Website | theophiluslondon.net |
Theophilus London is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York City.[1]
Contents |
Early life[link]
London was born on the island of Trinidad, on February 23, 1987, and was raised in Brooklyn[2] briefly, then moved to the suburbs of the Poconos and graduated from Pocono Mountain East High School in 2006.[citation needed]
Records[link]
His debut EP Lovers Holiday, released on Warner Bros. Records on February 7, 2011, features TV on the Radio's Dave Sitek, Sara Quin from Tegan and Sara, Glasser, and Solange Knowles.[1] His full-length debut album Timez Are Weird These Days, mixed by noted producer Dan Carey, was released by Warner Brothers on July 19, 2011.
According to critics, London's "genre-bending approach draws from a range of styles, from soul-pop and post-punk to electro and contemporary R&B," citing influences that include Michael Jackson and Prince as well as Kraftwerk and the Smiths."[3]
Performances[link]
In 2011, London caused a stir with performances at the Cannes Film Festival.[4] London was one of the headliners of the Northside Festival in Brooklyn in June 2011.[5] On June 30, 2011, London performed at the Montreal International Jazz Festival, in response to which the Montreal Gazette remarked "Theophilus London is going to be big. Very big. The buzz has been building for some time."[6] On February 22, 2012 London introduced his new single "Big Spender" to a select New York audience at the Encore Sessions at le Baron Chinatown [7]
Discography[link]
.jpg)
Albums[link]
Mixtapes[link]
- 2008: Jam!
- 2009: This Charming Mixtape
- 2010: I Want You
- 2012: Prince TL
EPs[link]
- 2011: Lovers Holiday
- 2012: Lovers Holiday II: ROSE ISLAND
Remixes[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b "EXCLUSIVE EP: Hot Rapper " by By Peter Gaston on February 4, 2011, SPIN magazine
- ^ Wilkinson, Isabel (July 17, 2011). "Can This Rapper Skip a Beat?". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2011/07/17/multitalented-rapper-theophilus-london.html. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
- ^ Biography by Jason Birchmeier at Allmusic
- ^ "Cannes Goes Crazy for Theophilus London; Lars von Trier Goes Crazy at Cannes" by Matthew Schnipper. Fader Magazine, May 20, 2011.
- ^ "Pop and Rock Listings for June 10–16." The New York Times, June 9th, 2011
- ^ "Theophilus London at Club Soda" by T'Cha Dunlevy. Montreal Gazette, June 30, 2011.
- ^ Theophilus London Wows Le Baron With New Tracks, February 22, 2012
- ^ "Timez Are Weird These Nights by Theophilus London". Apple Inc.. iTunes. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/timez-are-weird-these-nights/id518119196. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Theophilus London at 930 Club in Washington DC
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Theophilus London |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American rapper |
| Date of birth | 1987 |
| Place of birth | Trinidad |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Theophilus_London
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Theophilus London
http://de.wn.com/Theophilus London
http://it.wn.com/Theophilus London
http://pt.wn.com/Theophilus London
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_London
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
