Karaikal

Thursday, 07 February 2013

Karaikal:Women Protest For Her Child In Collector Office

MANAM KOTHI PARAVAI MOVIE STILLS IN KARAIKAL

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2012 no

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2013 j

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

Adélie Land
Adélie Land is a claimed territory in the continent of Antarctica. It stretches from a coastline area along the Great Southern Ocean back to the South Pole. The territory is claimed by France as one of five districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, although not all nations have given it diplomatic recognition.
Adélie Land lies between 136° E (near Pourquoi Pas Point at 66°12′S 136°11′E / 66.2°S 136.183°E / -66.2; 136.183) and 142° E (near Point Alden at 66°48′S 142°02′E / 66.8°S 142.033°E / -66.8; 142.033), with a shore length of 350 kilometres (220 mi) and with its hinterland extending as a sector about 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) toward the South Pole. It borders on the Australian Antarctic Territory both West and East, namely on Clarie Land (part of Wilkes Land) in the West, and George V Land in the East. The total land area, mostly ice covered, is estimated at 432,000 square kilometres (167,000 sq mi).
The coast was discovered in 1840 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville (1790–1842) who named it after his wife, Adélie.

wn.com/Adélie_Land
Albreda
Albreda is a historic settlement in The Gambia on the north bank of the Gambia River, variously described as a 'trading post' or a 'slave fort'. It is located near Jufureh in the North Bank Division and an arch stands on the beach connecting the two places. As of 2008, it has an estimated population of 1,776.
According to Wolof oral tradition, Musa Gaye, a Wolof marabout founded it sometime between 1520 and 1681. Wolof traders called the island Draga, while the Mandinkas called it Albadar.
In 1681, a local ruler, Niumi Mansa, gave the land to the French because his people depended on trade with Europeans. The French exclave was never very large (never more than one factory) but its location was inconvenient for the British, who otherwise had a monopoly on trade on the Gambia River. The British also possessed Fort James on James Island, which was less than two miles away on the opposite bank, and which fulfilled a similar function. There was constant tension and occasional skirmishes between the two powers, with Fort James changing hands between them several times.

wn.com/Albreda
Anjouan
Anjouan (also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani) is an autonomous island, part of the Union of Comoros. The island is located in the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Mutsamudu and its population as of 2006 is about 277,500. The total area of the island is 424 sq. kilometers (163 sq. mi.).
The first inhabitants of the island were explorers and immigrants from Indonesia and Polynesia. After that people all around the Indian Ocean began to come to Anjouan and the Comoros Islands. In about 1500, the Sultanate of Ndzuwani (Anjouan) was founded, which took over the entire island (for further information see: List of sultans on the Comoros). The sultanate was the most powerful of all the Comorian sultanates. In 1816, Sultan Alawi bin Husein requested French assistance against the Sultanate of Zanzibar which was threatening his domain. The island came under French protection in 1886 and was formally annexed by France in 1912. The strictly republican annexation was opposed by the last reigning sultan but his meager forces were crushed when they offered resistance.

wn.com/Anjouan
Arasalar River
The river Arasalar (Tamil: அரசலாறு) is a branch of Cauvery which split into 5 different rivers when it enters into Tanjore District from Trichy. Exactly in the place near to Pullambadi where the River Cauvery been stopped by Lower Anaicut and from Tiruvaiyaru (separation of 5 rivers) this Arasalar separates from River Cauvery.
Coordinates: 10°54′N 79°52′E / 10.9°N 79.867°E / 10.9; 79.867

wn.com/Arasalar_River
Arguin
Arguin (Portuguese: Arguim) is an island off the western coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin, at 20° 36' N., 16° 27' W. It is six km long by two broad. Off the island are extensive and dangerous reefs. It is now part of The Banc d'Arguin National Park.
Arguin has long been coveted by seafaring nations for its strategic location, and control over the island has changed hands numerous times. The first European to visit the island was the Portuguese explorer Nuno Tristão in 1443. In 1445, Prince Henry the Navigator set up a trading post on the island, which acquired gum arabic and slaves for Portugal. By 1455, 800 slaves were shipped from Arguin to Portugal every year.
In 1633, during its war against Spain (which then controlled Portugal), the Netherlands seized control of Arguin. It remained under Dutch rule until 1678, although Dutch governance was interrupted by English rule in 1665. France briefly controlled the island in September 1678, but the island was then abandoned until 1685.

wn.com/Arguin
Aurobindo Ashram
Aurobindo Ashram is an ashram is located at Dandia Bazar in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat, western India. It was the first ever ashram to become so popular in south areas.
Relics of Sri Aurobindo are present here. It is open to all for meditation. It houses a library, study room and sales emporium. Here you can find all books by and on Sri Aurobindo and The Mother.
Aurobindo Ghosh lived in this bunglow during his stay in Baroda (1894–1906)as private secretary to HH Sayajirao Gaekwad III, Maharaja of Baroda and then Professor of English and vice-principal of Baroda College (now MSU). During that period few famous people visited this bunglow- like Lokmanya Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Sister Nivedita, Sakharam Ganesh Dueskar and some marathi yogi saints. Aurobindo Ghosh's wife Mrinalini Devi, sister Sarojini Devi and his younger brother Barindar Kumar Ghosh-the famous freedom fighter was a frequent visiter.
Sri Aurobindo Ashram is located in Pondicherry, a small coastal town 160 km south of Chennai, in South India. Visitors wanting to travel to Pondicherry will most likely have to pass through Chennai, whether they arrive there by air, train or road, and thereafter cover the remaining distance to Pondicherry by road, a journey which generally takes about 3 hours.

wn.com/Aurobindo_Ashram
Auroville
Auroville (City of Dawn) is an "experimental" township in Viluppuram district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, near Pondicherry in South India. It was founded in 1968 by Mirra Alfassa (also known as "The Mother") and designed by architect Roger Anger. As stated in Alfassa's first public message about the township, "Auroville is meant to be a universal town where men and women of all countries are able to live in peace and progressive harmony, above all creeds, all politics and all nationalities. The purpose of Auroville is to realize human unity."
Auroville was founded as a project of the Sri Aurobindo Society on Wednesday 28 February 1968 by Mirra Alfassa, "The Mother". She was an equal spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, who believed that "man is a transitional being". Alfassa expected that this experimental "universal township" would contribute significantly in the "progress of humanity towards its splendid future by bringing together people of goodwill and aspiration for a better world." Alfassa also believed that such a universal township will contribute decisively to the Indian renaissance (Ref. Mother's Agenda, Vol. 9, dt.3.02.68). The Government of India endorsed the township, and in 1966, UNESCO also endorsed it inviting the member-states to participate in the development of Auroville. UNESCO re-endorsed Auroville four times more in the course of the last 40 years^{[citation needed]}.

wn.com/Auroville
Bassas da India
Coordinates: 21°28′57″S 39°40′19″E / 21.4825°S 39.67194°E / -21.4825; 39.67194
Bassas da India (also called Basse de Judie) is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. It is an uninhabited, roughly circular atoll about 10 km (6 mi) in diameter, which corresponds to a total size (including lagoon) of 80 km² (31 sq mi). It is located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about half-way between Madagascar (which is 385 km (239 mi) to the east) and Mozambique, and 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Europa Island. It rises steeply from the seabed 3000 m below. The reef rim averages around 100 m across and completely encloses a shallow lagoon that has a maximum depth of 15 m. Its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 123,700 km² (47,761 sq mi) is contiguous with that of Europa Island.
The atoll consists of ten barren rocky islets, with no vegetation, totalling 0.2 km² (.077 sq mi) in area. Those on the north and east sides are 2.1 to 3 m high, and those on the west and south sides 1.2 m The reef is completely covered by the sea from 3 hours before to 3 hours after high tide. The coastline of the reef measures 35.2 km (22 mi). The region is subject to cyclones. The atoll has long been a maritime hazard and is the site of numerous shipwrecks.

wn.com/Bassas_da_India
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular in shape, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Burma (Myanmar) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the east.
The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of 2,172,000 km². A number of large rivers – the Padma (a distributary of the Ganges), Meghna (a distributary of the Brahmaputra), Jamuna (a branch of the Brahmaputra), Ayeyarwady, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri – flow into the Bay of Bengal. Among the important ports are Cuddalore, Ennore, Chennai, Karaikal, Pondicherry, Tuticorin, Kakinada, Machilipatnam, Vishakhapatnam, Gangavaram, Krishnapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata, Mongla, Chittagong and Yangon.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Bay of Bengal as follows:
On the East. A line running from Cape Negrais (16°03'N) in Burma through the larger islands of the Andaman group, in such a way that all the narrow waters between the islands lie to the Eastward of the line and are excluded from the Bay of Bengal, as far as a point in Little Andaman Island in latitude 10°48'N, longitude 92°24'E and thence along the Southwest limit of the Burma Sea [A line running from Oedjong Raja (5°32′N 95°12′E / 5.533°N 95.2°E / 5.533; 95.2) in Sumatra to Poeloe Bras (Breuëh) and on through the Western Islands of the Nicobar Group to Sandy Point in Little Andaman Island, in such a way that all the narrow waters appertain to the Burma Sea].

wn.com/Bay_of_Bengal
Chandannagar
Chandannagar, formerly known as Chandernagore or Chandernagar (French: Chandernagor), (Bengali: চন্দননগর Chôndonnôgor) is a small city and former French colony located 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Kolkata, in West Bengal, India. It is head quarters of a subdivision in Hooghly District. It is one of the 6 municipal corporations in West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. Located on the Hooghly River, the city has been able to maintain a separate identity different from all other cities and abide by her own characteristics. The total area is a meagre 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi) having a population of over 150,000. Chandannagar is connected to Kolkata by railway, roadways and river and it takes about an hour to reach there by car.
The name Chandannagore is possibly derived from the shape of the bank of the river Ganges which is bent like a half moon (in Bengali, Chand means moon and Nagar implies city). In some old documents the spelling of Chandannagar was Chandernagore which probably came from Chandra Nagar. To mention, Chandra is the Bengali of Moon. Others believe it might have been taken from the flourishing trade and business of sandal wood (Bengali:Chandan) at that time. One more reason behind the name is, in Chandernagore there is a temple of Goddess 'Chandi'. So somebody believes that it might come from there. But earlier people knew the place by the name Farasdanga as it was a French colony (Bengali: Farasi means French, danga means land).

wn.com/Chandannagar
Comoros
The Comoros ⁱ/ˈkɒməroʊz/ (Arabic: جزر القمر‎, Ǧuzur al-Qumur/Qamar), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, French: Union des Comores, Arabic: الاتحاد القمري‎ al-Ittiḥād al-Qumurī/Qamarī) is a sovereign, archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa, on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel, between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar. Other countries near to the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast. The capital is Moroni on Grande Comore.
At 1,862 km² (719 sq mi) (excluding Mayotte), the Comoros is the third-smallest African nation by area. The population (excluding Mayotte) is estimated at 798,000. Its name derives from the Arabic word قمر qamar ("moon"). The archipelago is notable for its diverse culture and history, as a nation formed at the crossroads of many civilizations. It is the southernmost member state of the Arab League. Though in the contested island of Mayotte the sole official language is French, the "Union of the Comoros" has three official languages: Comorian, Arabic, and French.

wn.com/Comoros
Crozet Islands
The Crozet Islands (French: Îles Crozet; or, officially, Archipel Crozet) are a sub-antarctic archipelago of small islands in the southern Indian Ocean. They form one of the five administrative districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
Not including minor islets or rock reefs etc., the Crozet group consists of six islands. From east to west:
⁽¹⁾group of two major islands (Grand Île - Big Island, and Petite Île - Little Island) and about 20 pinnacle rocks.
The Eastern and Western Groups are 94.5 kilometres (58.7 mi) apart (from Île des Pingouins to Île de la Possession)
The Crozet Islands are uninhabited, except for the research station Alfred Faure (Port Alfred) on the East side of Île de la Possession, which has been continuously manned since 1963. Previous scientific stations included La Grande Manchotière and La Petite Manchotière.
Analysis of magnetic anomalies on the sea floor indicates that the Crozet Plateau formed some 50 million years ago. The islands are of volcanic origin, and basalt. Rock samples indicate volcanic origins going back to at least 8.8 million years.

wn.com/Crozet_Islands
Europa Island
Europa Island (French: Île Europa) is a 28 km² low-lying tropical island in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island has been a possession of France since 1897, but is also claimed by Madagascar. The island, garrisoned by a detachment from Réunion, has a weather station and is visited by scientists. Though uninhabited, it is part of the "Scattered Islands" of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands administrative region.
Europa has 22.2 kilometres of coastline, but no ports or harbours. Anchorage is possible offshore. Its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), contiguous with that of Bassas da India, is 127,300 km². The airstrip is 1,500 metres long. It is surrounded by coral beaches and a fringing reef and encloses a mangrove lagoon of around 9 km². The island is a nature reserve. Its vegetation consists of dry forest, scrub, euphorbia and the remains of a sisal plantation. It is one of the world's largest nesting sites for green sea turtles. It is also home to goats introduced by settlers in the late 18th century.

wn.com/Europa_Island
France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

wn.com/France
French Guiana
French Guiana (French: Guyane française; French pronunciation: [ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz]; officially just Guyane) is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It has borders with two nations: Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its 83,534 km² (32,253 sq mi) have a very low population density of less than 3 /km² (7.8 /sq mi), with almost half of its 229,000 people in 2009 living in the urban area of Cayenne, its capital.
The addition of the adjective "French" in English comes from colonial times when five such colonies existed (The Guianas), namely from west to east: Spanish Guiana (now Guayana Region in Venezuela), British Guiana (now Guyana), Dutch Guiana (now Suriname), French Guiana, and Portuguese Guiana (now Amapá, a state in far northern Brazil). French Guiana and the two larger countries to the north and west, Guyana and Suriname, are still often collectively referred to as the Guianas and comprise one large shield landmass.

wn.com/French_Guiana
French Polynesia
French Polynesia (ⁱ/ˈfrɛntʃ pɒlɨˈniːʒə/; French: Polynésie française, pronounced: [pɔlinezi fʁɑ̃sɛz]; Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is an overseas country of the French Republic (pays d'outre-mer). It is made up of several groups of Polynesian islands, the most famous island being Tahiti in the Society Islands group, which is also the most populous island and the seat of the capital of the territory (Papeetē). Although not an integral part of its territory, Clipperton Island was administered from French Polynesia until 2007.
The island groups that make up French Polynesia were not officially united until the establishment of the French protectorate in 1889. The first of these islands to be settled by indigenous Polynesians were the Marquesas Islands in AD 300 and the Society Islands in AD 800. The Polynesians were organized in loose chieftainships.
European communication began in 1521 when the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sighted Pukapuka in the Tuāmotu-Gambier Archipelago. Dutchman Jakob Roggeveen came across Bora Bora in the Society Islands in 1722, and the British explorer Samuel Wallis visited Tahiti in 1767. The French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville visited Tahiti in 1768, while the British explorer James Cook visited in 1769. Christian missions began with Spanish priests who stayed in Tahiti for a year from 1774; Protestants from the London Missionary Society settled permanently in Polynesia in 1797.

wn.com/French_Polynesia
French Somaliland
French Somaliland (French: Côte française des Somalis, lit. "French Coast of Somalis", Arabic: الصومال الفرنسي‎ Al-Soumal Al-Fransi) was a French colony in the Horn of Africa. Established after the French signed various treaties between 1883 and 1887 with the then ruling Somali Sultans, the colony lasted from 1896 until 1946, when it became an overseas territory of France. In 1967, French Somaliland was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas. In 1977, it became the independent country of Djibouti.

wn.com/French_Somaliland
Glorioso Islands
The Glorieuses or Glorioso Islands (French: Îles Glorieuses or officially also Archipel des Glorieuses) are a group of French islands and rocks totalling 5 square kilometres (1,200 acres), at 11°33′S 47°20′E / 11.55°S 47.333°E / -11.55; 47.333Coordinates: 11°33′S 47°20′E / 11.55°S 47.333°E / -11.55; 47.333, in the northern Mozambique channel, about 160 kilometres (99 mi) northwest of Madagascar. The Glorieuses have an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 48,350 square kilometres (18,670 sq mi). There are anchorages offshore, and Grande Glorieuse has a 1,300-metre (4,300 ft) long airstrip.
The archipelago consists of two islands, Grande Glorieuse (11°34′46.549″S 47°17′54.146″E / 11.57959694°S 47.29837389°E / -11.57959694; 47.29837389 (Grande Glorieuse)) and Île du Lys, as well as eight rock islets (Roches Vertes): Wreck Rock (11°30′45.194″S 47°22′54.178″E / 11.51255389°S 47.38171611°E / -11.51255389; 47.38171611 (Wreck Rock)), South Rock (11°35′43.760″S 47°18′6.6600″E / 11.5954889°S 47.30185°E / -11.5954889; 47.30185 (South Rock)) and Verte Rocks (11°34′15.636″S 47°19′54.188″E / 11.57101°S 47.33171889°E / -11.57101; 47.33171889 (Verte Rocks)) and three others that are unnamed. They form part of a coral reef and lagoon. Grande Glorieuses is roughly circular and measures about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) across. It is thickly vegetated, mainly by the remains of a coconut plantation and casuarina trees.

wn.com/Glorioso_Islands
Grande Comore
Grande Comore (officially called Ngazidja) is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is the largest island in the Comoros nation. Most of its population is of the Comorian ethnic group. Its population as of 2006 is about 316,600. The island's capital is Moroni, which is also the national capital. The island is made up of two shield volcanoes, with Mount Karthala being the country's highest point at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. According to the 2009 revision of the constitution of 2002, it is governed by an elected Governor, as are the other islands, with the federal government being much reduced in power.
For several centuries, Grande Comore was divided into a number of sultanates, including Bambao, Itsandra, Mitsamihuli, Mbajini, Hambuu, Washili, Hamahame, Mbwankuu, Mbude and Domba. The sultans were also known as mfaume. In 1886 the ruler of Bambao, Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar, united the sultanates of Grande Comore into the state of Ngazidja, with the other sultanates maintaining autonomy. That same year, France established a protectorate over the island. In 1893 Sultan Said Ali was sent into exile on Réunion. In 1908 France annexed the island and the sultanates were abolished. In 1975 Grande Comore Anjouan and Mohéli declared independence as the nation of Comoros.

wn.com/Grande_Comore
Guadeloupe
Coordinates: 16°15′N 61°35′W / 16.25°N 61.583°W / 16.25; -61.583
Guadeloupe ( /ɡwɑːdəˈluːp/; French pronunciation: [ɡwadəlup]; Antillean Creole: Gwadloup) is a Caribbean island located in the Leeward Islands, in the Lesser Antilles, with a land area of 1,628 square kilometres (629 sq. mi) and a population of 400,000. It is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. Its departmental code is "971". As the other overseas departments, Guadeloupe is also an integral part of the Republic. Besides Guadeloupe island, the smaller islands of Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the Îles des Saintes are included in Guadeloupe.
As part of France, Guadeloupe is part of the European Union and the Eurozone; hence, as for all Eurozone countries, its currency is the euro. However, Guadeloupe is not part of the Schengen Area. The prefecture and the capital of Guadeloupe is Basse-Terre. Christopher Columbus named the island Santa María de Guadalupe in 1493 after the Virgin Mary, venerated in the Spanish town of Guadalupe, in Extremadura.

wn.com/Guadeloupe
Guangzhouwan
Guangzhouwan (also spelled Kwangchowan or Kwang-Chou-Wan EFEO: Kouang-Tchéou-Wan) was a small enclave on the south coast of China ceded by Qing China to France as a leased territory, and ruled by France as an outlier of French Indochina. The territory did not experience the rapid growth in population that other parts of coastal China experienced, rising from 189,000 in 1911 to just 209,000 in 1935. Industries included shipping and coal mining. The colony was invaded and taken over by Japan in February 1943, taken back by France in 1945, and finally returned to China in 1946, at which point its original name of Zhanjiang was restored.^{[citation needed]} The people who live in this area speak Hokkien instead of Cantonese.
The leased territory was situated in Guangdong Province (Kwangtung Province) on the east side of the Leizhou Peninsula, north of Hainan, around a bay then called Kwang-Chou-Wan (Kwangchow Bay), now called the Port of Zhanjiang. The bay forms the estuary of the Maxie River (Maxie He). The Maxie is navigable as far as 19 kilometres (12 mi) inland even by large warships. The territory ceded to France included the islands lying in the bay, which enclosed an area 29 km long by 10 km wide and a minimum water depth of 10 metres. The islands were recognized at the time as an admirable natural defense. The limits of the concession inland were fixed in November 1899; on the left bank of the Maxie, France gained from Gaozhou prefecture (Kow Chow Fu) a strip of territory 18 km by 10 km, and on the right bank a strip 24 km by 18 km from Leizhou prefecture (Lei Chow Fu). The total land area of the colony was 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi). The town of Zhanjiang was named Fort Bayard by the French and developed as a port.

wn.com/Guangzhouwan
Haiti
Haiti ⁱ/ˈheɪti/ (French: Haïti [aiti]; Haitian Creole Ayiti [ajiti]), officially the Republic of Haiti (République d'Haïti; Repiblik Ayiti), is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti (land of high mountains) was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island. The country's highest point is Pic la Selle, at 2,680 metres (8,793 ft). The total area of Haiti is 27,750 square kilometres (10,714 sq mi) and its capital is Port-au-Prince. Haitian Creole and French are the official languages.
Haiti's regional, historical, and ethno-linguistic position is unique for several reasons. It was the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean, the first black-led republic in the world, and the second republic in the Americas when it gained independence in 1804 as part of a successful slave revolution lasting nearly a decade. In 2012, Haiti announced its intention to seek associate membership status in the African Union. Haiti is the only predominantly Francophone independent nation in the Americas. It is one of only two independent nations in the Americas (along with Canada) to designate French as an official language; the other French-speaking areas are all overseas départements, or collectivités, of France.

wn.com/Haiti
Hatay State
Hatay State (Turkish: Hatay Devleti, French: État du Hatay, Arabic: دولة هتاي‎), also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from September 7, 1938 to June 29, 1939 in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The State was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province on July 7, 1939 and joined Turkey de facto on July 23, 1939. Hatay Province also includes districts of Erzin, Dörtyol and Hassa in addition to former Hatay State territories.
Formerly part of the Aleppo province of the Ottoman Empire, the Sanjak of Alexandretta was occupied by France at the end of World War I and constituted part of the French Mandate of Syria.
The Sanjak of Alexandretta was an autonomous sanjak from 1921 to 1923, as a result of the French-Turkish treaty of 20 October 1921, considering the presence of an important Turkish community alongside with Arab and Armenian ones. Then it was attached to the State of Aleppo, then in 1925 it was directly attached to the State of Syria, still with a special administrative status.

wn.com/Hatay_State
India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

wn.com/India
Juan de Nova Island
Juan de Nova Island (French: locally Île Juan de Nova or officially Île Juan da Nova), also known as Saint-Christophe, is a 4.4 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi) low, flat, tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. Anchorage is possible off the northeast of the island which also has a 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) airstrip. Administratively, the island is one of the Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean, a district of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 61,050 square kilometres (23,570 sq mi), it is claimed by Madagascar. The island is garrisoned by French troops from Réunion and has a weather station.
Juan de Nova, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long and 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) at its widest, is a nature reserve surrounded by reefs which enclose an area (not a true lagoon like in an atoll) of roughly 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi). Forests, mainly of Casuarinaceae, cover about half the island. Sea turtles nest on the beaches around the island.

wn.com/Juan_de_Nova_Island
Karaikal
Karaikal (Tamil: காரைக்கால் kāraikkāl also Karikal or Karaikkal) is a major port city of east coast of India and a municipality in Karaikal district in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, India. Several explanations are offered for the word 'Karaikal'. The imperial Gazetteer gives it the meaning 'fish pass'. According to Julien vinson the town is said to have known as Karaigiri in Sanskrit. However, the name Karaikal is no doubt a combination of two words 'Karai' and 'Kal'. Both the words ‘Karai and 'Kal' have several meanings, of which the more acceptable ones are 'lime mix' and 'canal' respectively. Hence it has been suggested that the name may mean a canal built of lime mix. However, no trace of such a canal is evident now.
Before 1739 Karaikal was under the regime and control of Raja Pratap Singh of Tanjore. In 1738, Dumas, a shrewd calculative prudent man and a lover of peace and above all one who was anxious to extend the French territory in India by smooth means, negotiated with Sahuji of Thanjavur for possession of Karaikal, the fortress of Karakalcheri and five village for 40,000 chakras. On 14 February 1739 the French took possession of Karaikal town, the fort of Karakalcheri and eiht dependent villages. The King of Thanjavur raised the price for the town of Karaikal and the fort of Karakalcheri to 50000 chakras.

wn.com/Karaikal
Karaikal district
Karaikal district (Tamil: காரைக்கால் மாவட்டம்) (also Karikal or Karaikkal) is one of the four regions of the Union Territory of Pondicherry in India.
Karaikal town about 16 km. north of Nagappattinam and 9 km.south of Tarangambadi is the regional headquarters. Karaikal region is made up of the Communes of Karaikal, kottucherry, Nedungadu, Tirunallar, neravy and Tirumalarajanpattinam.
Several explanations are offered for the word Karaikal. The imperial Gazetteer gives it the meaning 'fish pass'. According to Julien Vinson the town is said to have known as Karaigiri in Sanskrit. However, the name Karaikal is no doubt a combination of two words 'Karai' and 'Kal'. Both the words ‘Karai and 'Kal' have several meanings, of which the more acceptable ones are 'lime mix' and 'canal' respectively. Hence it has been suggested that the name may mean a canal built of lime mix.
This Karaikal area formed an integral part of the Pallava kingdom in the eighth century(C 731-796). Poet Sekkizhar (992-1042) describes the town as "vanga malik kadar karaikal", the 'Karaikal of many vessels on the coast' in his Peria puranam. In that the poet relates the life story of one Punithavathiar who abandoned the pleasures of material life and devoted herself entirely to a life of prayer and penance to signify her devotion to Lord Siva. He called her 'Karaikal Ammayar', conveniently after the town which must have been famous already.

wn.com/Karaikal_district
Kerguelen Islands
The Kerguelen Islands ( /ˈkɜrɡəlɛn/ or /ˈkɜrɡələn/; in French commonly Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen but officially Archipel des Kerguelen or Archipel Kerguelen, pronounced: [kɛʁɡeˈlɛn]), also known as the Desolation Islands, are a group of islands in the southern Indian Ocean constituting one of the two emerged parts of the mostly submerged Kerguelen Plateau. The islands, along with Adélie Land, the Crozet Islands and the Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands are part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and are administered as a separate district. There are no indigenous inhabitants, but France maintains a permanent presence of 50 to 100 scientists, engineers and researchers.
The main island, Grande Terre, is 6,675 km² (2,577 sq mi) in area and is surrounded by a further 300 smaller islands and islets, forming an archipelago of 7,215 km² (2,786 sq mi). The climate is raw and chilly with frequent high winds throughout the year. While the surrounding seas are generally rough, they remain ice-free year-round. There is no airport on the islands, so all travel and transport from the outside world is conducted by ship.

wn.com/Kerguelen_Islands
Kottucheri
Kottucheri is a town and commune in the Karaikal District of Pondicherry, India.
According to the 2001 census, Kottucheri had a population of 17,433 with 8,682 men and 8,751 women. The sex ratio was 1,008.

wn.com/Kottucheri
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara [republiˈkʲan madaɡasˈkʲarə̥], French: République de Madagascar) is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), as well as numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from India around 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in complete isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot in which over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by human settlement.
Initial human settlement of Madagascar occurred from 350 BCE and 550 CE by Austronesian peoples arriving on outrigger canoes from Borneo who were later joined around 1000 CE by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel. Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life. The Malagasy ethnic group is often divided into eighteen or more sub-groups of which the largest are the Merina of the central highlands.

wn.com/Madagascar
Mahe district
Mahe district, one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Pondicherry in India, has an area of 9 km². It consists of the whole of the Mahé region. The total area of Mahe District is surrounded by North Malabar of Kerala State. Three sides by Kannur District and one side by Kozhikode District. In fact, geographically Mahe District is part of North Malabar.
It is the sixth least populous district in the country (out of 640).
Mahe district occupies an area of 9 square kilometres (3.5 sq mi).
According to the 2011 census Mahe district has a population of 41,934 , roughly equal to the nation of Liechtenstein. This gives it a ranking of 635th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 4,659 inhabitants per square kilometre (12,070 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.86 %. Mahe has a sex ratio of 1176 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 98.35 %.

wn.com/Mahe_district
Martinique
Martinique (French pronunciation: [maʁtinik]) is an island in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km² (436 sq mi). Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is one of the twenty-seven regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. The first European to encounter the island was Christopher Columbus in 1502.
As part of France, Martinique is part of the European Union, and its currency is the Euro. Its official language is French, although many of its inhabitants also speak Antillean Creole (Créole Martiniquais).
The island was occupied first by Arawaks, then by Caribs. It was charted by Columbus in 1493, but Spain had little interest in the territory. It was claimed by France in 1635 and, despite several interludes of British occupation, once during the Seven Years' War and twice during the Napoleonic Wars, has remained a French possession. In 1946, the French National Assembly voted unanimously to transform the colony into an overseas department.

wn.com/Martinique
Mauritius
Coordinates: 20°12′S 57°30′E / 20.2°S 57.5°E / -20.2; 57.5
Mauritius ⁱ/məˈrɪʃəs/ (Mauritian Creole: Moris; French: Maurice, pronounced: [mɔˈʁis]), officially the Republic of Mauritius (Mauritian Creole: Republik Moris; French: République de Maurice) is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about 870 kilometres (540 mi) east of Madagascar. In addition to the island of Mauritius, the Republic includes the islands of Cargados Carajos, Rodrigues, Tromelin and the Agalega Islands. Mauritius Island is part of the Mascarene Islands, with the French island of Réunion 170 km (110 mi) to the southwest and the island of Rodrigues 570 km (350 mi) to the east. The area of Mauritius is 2040 km²; its capital city is Port Louis.
The United Kingdom took control of the islands in 1810, from France during the Napoleonic Wars, and Mauritius became independent from the UK in 1968. It is a parliamentary republic and is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the African Union, La Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations.

wn.com/Mauritius
Mayotte
Mayotte (French: Mayotte, pronounced: [majɔt]; Shimaore: Maore, IPA: [maˈore]; Malagasy: Mahori) is an overseas department and region of France consisting of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Mahoré), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean, namely between northwestern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique. Mayotte's area is 374 square kilometres (144 sq mi), and with its estimated 194,000 people is very densely populated (520 /km² or 1,300 /sq mi). Its biggest city and prefecture is Mamoudzou. The territory is geographically part of the Comoro Islands, but has been politically separate since a 1974 referendum in which it elected to remain under French rule. The territory is also known as Mahoré, the native name of its main island, especially by advocates of its inclusion in the Union of Comoros. In a 2009 referendum, the population overwhelmingly approved accession to status of department (95.2% voted in favour of departmental status). On March 31, 2011, Mayotte became an overseas department.

wn.com/Mayotte
Mohéli
Mohéli, also known as Mwali, is one of the three islands which make up the nation of Comoros. Mohéli is located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. It is by far the smallest of the Comoros islands. Its population, as of 2006, is about 38,000. Its capital city is Fomboni. Its main ethnic group, as on the other Comoros islands Grande Comore and Anjouan as well as the French territory Mayotte, is the Comorian ethnic group, a synthesis of Bantu, Arab, Malay and Malagasy culture, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.
Until 1830 Mohéli was part of the Ndzuwenie Sultanate which also controlled Anjouan, a neighbouring island. In 1830 migrants from Madagascar led by Ramanetaka, who later changed his name to Abderemane, took over the island and established the sultanate of Mwali. In 1886 France made the island a protectorate. Until 1889 Mwali had its own French resident, but the island was then subjugated to the residency of Anjouan. The sultanate was crushed in 1909 when the French annexed the island. French colonial stamps inscribed Mohéli were issued from 1906 to 1912.

wn.com/Mohéli
Nagore
Nagore (sometimes spelled Nagoor) is a town in the Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located approximately 16 km south of Karaikal and 4 km north of Nagapattinam. Tiruvarur, Mayiladuthurai, Muthupet are nearby towns. It has a population of approximately 90,000. The prime attraction is the renowned Nagore Dargah, a revered place of all faith. Nagore Dargah, five centuries old Islamic Shrine, attracts Millions of pilgrims to this land irrespective of caste, creed and religion.
This is a small town along the shore of Bay of Bengal. The prime attraction is the renowned Nagore Dargah, a revered place of all faith. Nagore Dargah, five centuries old Muslim Shrine, attracts Millions of pilgrims to this land irrespective of caste, creed and religion. The festival season in Nagore is typically during the month of May, but it will change based on the Lunar Calendar. The popular Kandhuri festival celebrated with festivities and pomp and show. Notable temples exist too. This shows the peaceful coexistence of Muslims and other faith. The Seeralamman temple situated in the fisherman area near Nagore railway station is a century old Hindu shrine maintained by local fishermen. The annual Seeralamman festival season has ten days of celebration.

wn.com/Nagore
Nedungadu
Nedungadu, formerly Nedoungadou, is a town and commune in the Karaikal District of Pondicherry, India.
According to the 2001 census, Nedungadu had a population of 15,406 with 7,573 men and 7,833 women. The sex ratio was 1,034.

wn.com/Nedungadu
Neravy
Neravy,or Neravi, is a town and commune in the Karaikal District of Pondicherry, India.
According to the 2001 census, Kottucheri had a population of 10,886 with 5,392 men and 5,494 women. The sex ratio was 1,019.

wn.com/Neravy
New Caledonia
Coordinates: 21°15′S 165°18′E / 21.25°S 165.30°E / -21.25; 165.30
New Caledonia (French: Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) east of Australia and about 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi) from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines and a few remote islets. The Chesterfield Islands in the Coral Sea are also part of New Caledonia. Locals refer to Grande Terre as "Le Caillou", the rock.
New Caledonia has a land area of 18,576 square kilometres (7,172 sq mi). The population (2011 estimate) is 256,275. The capital of the territory is Nouméa.
The earliest traces of human presence in New Caledonia date back to the Lapita period. The Lapita were highly skilled navigators and agriculturists with influence over a large area of the Pacific.
The British first sighted New Caledonia on September 4, 1774, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook. He named the territory New Caledonia, as the north-east of the island reminded him of Scotland. The west coast of Grande Terre was approached by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse in 1788, shortly before his disappearance, and the Loyalty Islands were first visited in 1796. From then until 1840, only a few sporadic contacts with the archipelago were recorded. Contacts became more frequent after 1840, because of the interest in sandalwood from New Caledonia.

wn.com/New_Caledonia
New Hebrides
New Hebrides was the colonial name for an island group in the South Pacific that now forms the nation of Vanuatu. The New Hebrides were colonized by both the British and French in the 18th century shortly after Captain James Cook visited the islands. The two countries eventually signed an agreement making the islands an Anglo-French condominium, which lasted from 1906 until 1980, when the New Hebrides gained their independence as Vanuatu.
The Condominium divided the New Hebrides into two separate communities — one Anglophone and one Francophone. This divide continues even after independence, with schools either teaching in one language or the other, and between different political parties.
The New Hebrides were a unique form of colonial territory in which sovereignty was shared by two great powers – Britain and France – instead of exercised by just one. Under the Condominium there were three separate governments – one French, one British, and one joint administration that was partially elected after 1975.

wn.com/New_Hebrides
Pondicherry
Puducherry /ˌpɒndɨˈtʃɛri/ is a Union Territory of India formed out four enclaves of former French India and named for the largest, Pondicherry.
In September 2006, the territory changed its official name from Pondicherry to Puducherry, which means "New village" in the Tamil language. The territory is called புதுச்சேரி (Putuccēri) or பாண்டிச்சேரி (Pāṇṭiccēri) in Tamil, or Pondichéry in French. It is also known as "The French Riviera of the East" (La Côte d'Azur de l'Est).
Pondicherry consists of four small unconnected districts: Pondicherry, Karaikal and Yanam on the Bay of Bengal and Mahé on the Arabian Sea. Pondicherry and Karaikal are by far the larger ones and are both enclaves of Tamil Nadu. Yanam and Mahé are enclaves of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively. The territory has a total area of 492 km²: Pondicherry (city) 293 km², Karaikal 160 km², Mahé 9 km² and Yanam 30 km². It has 900,000 inhabitants (2001).
Some of those enclaves are themselves amalgamations of non-contiguous enclaves, often called pockets in India. Thus, Pondicherry district is made of 12 pockets, some of whom are very small (see map) and entirely surrounded by the territory of Tamil Nadu. For its part, Mahe district is made of 3 pockets. This unusual geography is a legacy of the colonial period since the U.T. of Puducherry has retained the borders of former French India.

wn.com/Pondicherry
Pondicherry district
Pondicherry district is one of the four districts of the union territory of Pondicherry in southern India. The district occupies an area of 290 km². The district has a population of 735,332 (2001 Census).
Pondicherry district occupies an area of 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi).
The major towns in this district are Pondicherry, Ariyankuppam, Kurumbapet and Ozhukarai.
According to the 2011 census Pondicherry district has a population of 946,600, roughly equal to the nation of Fiji or the US state of Delaware. This gives it a ranking of 460th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 3,231 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,370 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.73 %. Pondicherry has a sex ratio of 1031 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 86.13 %.

wn.com/Pondicherry_district
Réunion
Réunion (French: La Réunion, IPA: [la 'ʁeynjɔ̃] ( listen); previously Île Bourbon) is a French island with a population of about 800,000 located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south west of Mauritius, the nearest island.
Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas departments of France. Like the other overseas departments, Réunion is also one of the 27 regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland.
Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union and, as an overseas department of France, is part of the Eurozone.
Before the arrival of the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century, there is little to Réunion's recorded history. Arab traders were familiar with it by the name Dina Morgabin,. The island possibly features on a map from 1153 AD by Al Sharif el-Edrisi. The island may also have been visited by Swahili or Malay sailors.
The first European discovery of the area was made around 1507 by Portuguese explorers, but the specifics are unclear. The uninhabited island may have been first sighted by the expedition led by Don Pedro Mascarenhas, who gave his name to the island group around Réunion, the Mascarenes. Réunion itself was dubbed Santa Apolonia after a favorite saint, which suggests that the date of the Portuguese discovery may have been February 9, her saint day. Diego Lopes de Sequeira is claimed to have landed on the island in 1509.

wn.com/Réunion
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts (also, St. Barth's) in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao. The collectivity is one of four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Guadeloupe (200 km southeast), Martinique and Saint Martin. St. Barts lies c. 35 km southeast of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin, and north of St Kitts. Puerto Rico is 240 km to its west in the Lesser Antilles.
Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 21 km² and a population of 8,823 (census 2008). Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly, at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially the rich and famous during the Christmas and New Year period.

wn.com/Saint_Barthélemy
Seychelles
Seychelles (ⁱ/seɪˈʃɛlz/ say-SHELZ; French: [sɛʃɛl]), officially the Republic of Seychelles (French: République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some 1,500 kilometres (932 mi) east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
Other nearby island countries and territories include Zanzibar to the west, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Agalega and Réunion to the south, Comoros and Mayotte to the southwest. Seychelles, with an estimated population of 86,525, has the smallest population of any African state. It also has the highest Human Development Index in Africa.
Scholars assume that Austronesian seafarers, and later Maldivian and Arab traders were the first to visit the uninhabited Seychelles. Remains of Maldivian mariner presence from the 12th century were found in Silhouette Island. The earliest recorded sighting by Europeans took place in 1502 by the Portuguese Admiral Vasco da Gama, who passed through the Amirantes and named them after himself (islands of the Admiral).

wn.com/Seychelles
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

wn.com/Tamil_Nadu
Tiruvarur district
Tiruvarur district (Tamil: திருவாரூர் மாவட்டம்) is one of the 30 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. The district occupies an area of 2161 km². It is lies between Nagapattinam district on the east and Thanjavur District on the west, and is bounded by the Palk Strait on the south. The district headquarters is at Tiruvarur town.
According to the 2011 census Tiruvarur district has a population of 1,268,094 , roughly equal to the nation of Estonia or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 382nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 533 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,380 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.43 %. Thiruvarur has a sex ratio of 1020 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.26 %.
It was 20.29% urbanised in 2001.
The Tiruvarur district, along with the Nagapattinam district was part of the Thanjavur District before 1991. After that, the present Taluks of Tiruvarur district and Nagapattinam district were separated from the Thanjavur District, and formed the Nagapattinam district. The present Tiruvarur district was formed in 1997 by trifurcating the then Thanjavur District. Major towns are Thiruvarur, Thiruthuraipoondi, Nachikulam, Muthupettai, Mannargudi.

wn.com/Tiruvarur_district
Tobago
Tobago ( /təˈbeɪɡoʊ/) is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located in the southern Caribbean, northeast of the island of Trinidad and southeast of Grenada. The island lies outside the hurricane belt. According to the earliest English-language source cited in the Oxford English Dictionary, Tobago bore a name that has become the English word tobacco.
Tobago has a land area of 300 km² (116 mi²), and is approximately 42 km (26 mi) long and 10 km (6.2 mi) wide. It is located at latitude 11° 9' N, longitude 60° 40' W, slightly north of Trinidad. The population is 54,084 (2000). The capital is Scarborough which has a population of about 17,000. While Trinidad is multiethnic, the population of Tobago is primarily of African descent, although with a growing proportion of Trinidadians of East Indian descent and Europeans (predominantly Germans and Scandinavians). Between 1990 and 2000, the population of Tobago grew by 11.28 percent, making it one of the fastest growing areas of the country.

wn.com/Tobago
Tromelin Island
Coordinates: 15°53′32″S 54°31′29″E / 15.89222°S 54.52472°E / -15.89222; 54.52472
Tromelin Island ( /ˌtroʊmlɪn ˈaɪlənd/; French: Île Tromelin, pronounced: [il tʁɔmlɛ̃]) is a low, flat, island in the Indian Ocean, about 350 kilometres (220 mi) east of Madagascar (geographic coordinates: 15°53′32″S 54°31′29″E / 15.89222°S 54.52472°E / -15.89222; 54.52472). It is administered as a French overseas territory, as the result of an agreement with the United Kingdom in 1954, but sovereignty is disputed with ownership claimed by both Mauritius and the Seychelles. It has a weather station and is a nesting site for boobies and green sea turtles.
Very much like a large sandbank and only 7 metres (23 ft) high at its highest point, Tromelin is about 1,700 metres (1.1 mi) long and 700 metres (0.43 mi) wide, with an area of 80 ha (200 acres), covered in scrub dominated by Octopus Bush and surrounded by coral reefs. There are no harbours or anchorages, so that access by sea is difficult and a 1,200-metre (3,900 ft) airstrip provides the island's link with the outside world.

wn.com/Tromelin_Island
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna, officially the Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands (French: Wallis et Futuna or Territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna, Fakauvea and Fakafutuna: Uvea mo Futuna), is a Polynesian French island territory in the South Pacific between Tuvalu to the northwest, Rotuma of Fiji to the west, the main part of Fiji to the southwest, Tonga to the southeast, Samoa to the east, the New Zealand-associated state of Tokelau to the northeast and to a more distant north the Phoenix Islands (Kiribati). (However, Wallis and Futuna is not part of, nor even contiguous with, French Polynesia. Wallis and Futuna is located at the very opposite western end of Polynesia.)
Its land area is 264 km² with a population of about 15,000. Mata-Utu is the capital and biggest city. The territory is made up of three main volcanic tropical islands along with a number of tiny islets, and is split into two island groups that lie about 260 km apart, namely Wallis Islands (Uvea) in the northeast, and Hoorn Islands (also called the Futuna Islands) in the southwest, including Futuna Island proper and the mostly uninhabited Alofi Island.

wn.com/Wallis_and_Futuna
Yanam district
Yanam District is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Pondicherry in India.
Yanam district occupies an area of 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi),
Apart from the town of Yanam itself, the following villages fall under the district's jurisdiction:
According to the 2011 census Yanam district has a population of 55,616 , roughly equal to the island of Greenland. This gives it a ranking of 629th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 3,272 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,470 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 77.15 %. Yanam has a sex ratio of 1039 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 80.26 %.

wn.com/Yanam_district
Île Amsterdam
Île Amsterdam (French pronunciation: [ilamstəʁˈdam], also known as Amsterdam Island, New Amsterdam, or Nouvelle Amsterdam, is an island named after the city of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. It lies in the southern Indian Ocean. It is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands and, together with neighbouring Île Saint-Paul 85 km/53 mi to the south, forms one of the five districts of the territory. Its base, the Martin-de-Viviès research station, first called Camp Heurtin, then La Roche Godon, and the only settlement on the island, is the capital of the territory and is home to about 30 (non-permanent) inhabitants involved in biological, meteorological and geomagnetic studies.
Île Amsterdam is one of only three land antipodes of the continental United States. It corresponds to an area about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Lamar, Colorado (the other two land antipodes of the US are île Saint-Paul and the Kerguelen Islands).
The island was discovered by the Basque Spanish explorer Juan Sebastián Elcano on 18 March 1522, in the course of his voyage of global circumnavigation. However, he did not name the island. Having found the island unnamed, Dutch captain Anthonie van Diemen named it Nieuw Amsterdam after his ship on 17 June 1633. The first recorded landing was made in December 1696 by Dutchman Willem de Vlamingh.

wn.com/Île_Amsterdam

KARAIKAL FIGHT -DMK VS DMDK.mp4

...

published: 23 Apr 2011

author: ABDULLAH MUHAMMAD

Karaikal

Karaikal, kamarajar stret...

published: 12 Jul 2012

author: Niokma777

no.1 karaikal

...

published: 05 Feb 2012

author: hasick hasick

karaikal tsunami

karaikal tsunami video. you can see our Old Arasalari Bridge...

published: 09 Dec 2010

author: RAJARAM KUMAR

Karaikal:Women Protest For Her Child In Collector Office

Women protest for her child in Collector office....

published: 15 Aug 2012

author: rajnews41

KaraikaL KandurY-NzM part 2-6

KaraikaL KandurY-2010...

published: 05 Feb 2011

author: nzminde

MANAM KOTHI PARAVAI MOVIE STILLS IN KARAIKAL

EDIT BY H.MOHAMED ASARUDHEEN...

published: 25 Jan 2012

author: MOHAMED ASARUDHEEN Art Asar

Indian Food - Karaikal Laddu Recipe

RusiyanaSamayal is a cookery show,This show is full & full for ladies especially for house...

published: 29 Nov 2012

author: rajpengalneram

finals in karaikal

...

published: 28 May 2012

author: Thirumal Priyan

KARAIKAL .KFC

KARAIKAL .KFC....

published: 19 Feb 2012

author: avmkaraikal

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2012 no

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2012 nov...

published: 10 Jan 2013

author: Amirdine Farouk

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2013 j

VIP's kuttanchoru Nagore Karaikal Neravy Pondy Paris 2013 jan 20...

published: 25 Jan 2013

author: Amirdine Farouk

karaikal kailasanathar koil devasthana navarathi golu festival 2012

karaikal kailasanathar koil devasthanam celebrates navarathiri kolu festival on 15.10.12. ...

published: 16 Oct 2012

author: kalidoss doss

Karaikal India

Walking tour near my hotel 'Paris Hotel International'. It was nothing like a Paris hotel...

published: 31 Aug 2012

author: Bruce Hickey

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color bgr_color_content font_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20130207200753/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/karaikal&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

photo: US Army / Chief Warrant Officer 4 Daniel McClinton

File - An air weapons team of two AH-64D Apaches from the 1st "Attack" Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, come in for a landing at Camp Taji, Iraq, after completing a reconnaissance mission in the skies over Baghdad, Iraq, Nov. 16, 2007.

Since the Iraq War Was Wrong, So Too Was the Surge

WorldNews.com

06 Feb 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "The art of war is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin." Sun Tzu, "The Art of War," 4th Century BCE. During confirmation hearings for the next U.S. Defense Secretary, it was appalling to observe several senators haggling with Chuck Hagel over whether the surge during the disastrous U.S.-Iraqi preemptive war and military occupation was a success or not ... The U.S....(size: 6.2Kb)

photo: AP / Amr Nabil

Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, center, talks during a presser following his meeting with Grand Sheik Ahmed al-Tayeb, the head of Al-Azhar, the Sunni Muslim world's premier Islamic institution, not pictured, at Al Azhar headquarters in Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2013.

Shoes hurled at Iranian President Ahmadinejad during trip to Cairo

CNN

06 Feb 2013

February 6, 2013 -- Updated 1339 GMT (2139 HKT). Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (C) is greeted as he visits the Sayyeda Zeinab mosque in Cairo, February 5, 2013. Cairo (CNN) -- During a historic trip to Egypt, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was greeted by a group of men who hurled shoes at him -- a major insult in the Muslim world ... Other men also threw shoes at Ahmadinejad, the Egyptian public prosecutor's office said ... 0 ... ... ....(size: 6.9Kb)

photo: WN / Arturo Ubaub

Tsunami like monster high waves - Philippines

Powerful Solomon Islands quake triggers tsunami

France24

06 Feb 2013

A powerful 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck near the Solomon Islands on Wednesday, triggering a small tsunami and prompting alerts across the South Pacific that were later cancelled. By News Wires (text).   ... Damage reports were limited, and there were no reports of casualties. The quake struck 340 km (211 miles) east of Kira Kira in the Solomons, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii said ... Hot spot ... (REUTERS). Date created ... ....(size: 8.1Kb)

photo: USAF / Senior Airman Larry E. Reid Jr.

File - An MQ-1B Predator unmanned aircraft takes off for a training mission at Creech Air Force Base, Nev.

Lawmakers to get classified info on drone strikes targeting U.S. citizens

Chicago Sun-Times

07 Feb 2013

Updated. February 7, 2013 12.29AM. WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama has directed the Justice Department to give Congress’ intelligence committees access to classified legal advice providing the government’s rationale for drone strikes against American citizens working with al-Qaida abroad, a senior administration official and Democratic lawmakers said Wednesday ... The unclassified memo says it is legal for the government to kill U.S ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

photo: AP / Rebecca Blackwell

Nigeria national soccer team players huddle up with coaches at the start of a pre-match training session, at Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban, South Africa, Tuesday, Feb. 5, 2013. Nigeria will face Mali Wednesday, Feb. 6, in their African Cup of Nations semifinal soccer match.

West African giants set sights on a return to power at Cup of Nations

The Guardian

06 Feb 2013

Nigeria and Ghana may meet in the Africa Cup of Nations final – but only if they can beat teams bidding for a first victory. Ghana fans, here at the Cup of Nations quarter-final against Cape Verde, hope their side can win the tournament for the first time since 1982. Photograph. Ian Walton/Getty Images. As the dust settles after the quarter-finals, the landscape looks strangely unfamiliar ... "But the thing they tend to get is respect ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

India to press Lanka on Jayawardene pact:Minister

Chennai Online

07 Feb 2013

The minister said he had urged Union Railways Minister to include schemes such as a train between Puducherry and Kanyakumari,a superfast express between Puducherry and Tirupathi,extension of Chennai to Kakinada Express to Karaikal,a train between Karaikal and Bangalore and extension of Puducherry-Mangalore Express to three days in a week instead of the present one day,among other things....(size: 6.0Kb)

The right choice

The Hindu

06 Feb 2013

There was a rich merchant in Karaikal named Dhanadathan ... Punitavati was married to Paramadathan, and he set up house in Karaikal ... Punitavati, who later became famous as Karaikal Ammaiyar, was a saintly person, and her husband was perhaps not the right choice for her. While the story of Karaikal Ammaiyar shows her devoutness and godliness, it is also a ......(size: 2.2Kb)

Cong hits out at Pondy CM

Chennai Online

05 Feb 2013

He also demanded that a financial assistance of Rs.25,000 be provided to an acre of crops lost in Karaikal due to the non-availability of Cauvery water and urged the government tot ake steps to get 50 per cent seats reserved for the government in both UG and PG medical courses in all the private medical colleges here ......(size: 2.5Kb)

Steyn's eleven wickets helps Proteas thrash 'hapless' Pak by 211 runs in Wanderers Test

Newstrack India

04 Feb 2013

Tweet. Johannesburg, Feb 4(ANI). Dale Steyn picked up eleven wickets to help South Africa register a comprehensive 211 runs win over touring Pakistan on the day four of the first Test match at the Wanderers ... His match figures were 11 for 60, the paper added ... (ANI). Read More ... Vijayapuri South ... Karaikal South ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.7Kb)

NIT-Puducherry students on strike for better infrastructure

The Hindu

04 Feb 2013

They are toppers in their own right. Many were in the top 5000 in the AIEEE ranking; some had given up seats for the sciences in the IITs; some others had rejected MBBS seats in coveted government colleges – and they all had come for engineering education at the National Institute of Technology – Puducherry, set up in Karaikal. Three years later, the 330 students of NIT believe dreams were sold to them on false premise....(size: 3.5Kb)

Former Puducherry CM Shanmugam passes away

The Hindu

02 Feb 2013

Former Chief Minister of Puducherry P. Shanmugam passed away at the Karaikal Government Hospital on Saturday. The 86-year-old Shanmugam was ailing and rushed to the hospital with a head injury at 8.30 a.m. following after a fall in the bathroom of his residence here. Shanmugam, a bachelor, was gearing up for the day when he fell ... Similarly, he played a key role over the establishment of the Karaikal Port and many infrastructural projects....(size: 3.5Kb)

PCC Prez condoles death of Shanmugham

Chennai Online

02 Feb 2013

Puducherry Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC) President A V Subramanian today condoled the demise of veteran Congress leader and former Chief Minister P Shanmugham in Karaikal today ... Advt. ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Vasan condoles death of P Shanmugam

Chennai Online

02 Feb 2013

Chennai, Feb 2 . Senior Congress leader and Union Shipping Minister G K Vasan condoled the death of former Puducherry Chief Minister P Shanmugam in Karaikal today ... Worth a Click ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Former Pondy CM Shanmugham dead

Deccan Chronicle

02 Feb 2013

 . Karaikal. Veteran Congress leader and former Puducherry Chief Minister P. Shanmugham died on Saturday after sustaining head injuries from a fall in the bathroom at his residence in Nedunkadu near here, police said ... He moved away from active politics in 2008 on health grounds ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Former Puducherry chief minister Shanmugam dead

Newstrack India

02 Feb 2013

Tweet ... Shanmugam passed away in Karaikal Saturday after a fall at his house, party officials said. He was 85. Shanmugam fell down the stairs and sustained head injuries ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Vishwaroopam ban revoked in Pondicherry

The Times of India

31 Jan 2013

Following the 15 day ban imposed in Tamil Nadu, the film was banned in Pondicherry and Karaikal as well initally but has now been been revoked and Vishwaroopam is set to release ......(size: 0.9Kb)

Theatres screening Kamal film attacked

Chennai Online

30 Jan 2013

While the ban on the film was lifted in neighbouring Union Territory of Puducherry and in the Karaikal region, Kamal fans hit the streets in the textile town of Coimbatore and in the southern Cumbum in Theni district demanding that the film should be screened in the wake of the High Court lifting the ban, reports received here said ......(size: 2.3Kb)

Get a glimpse of France

Deccan Herald

30 Jan 2013

Their work, under the curatorship of photographer Anay Mann, took shape of an exhibition around this incredible slice of Indo-French history ... It is a known fact that the French East India Company maintained independent trading posts from the 17th to the 20th century in Puducherry, Chandernagore, Mahe, Yanam and Karaikal ... Intangible influences on culture include education systems, trade, art, design, interiors and culinary traditions ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

This article is about the municipality in Pondicherry, India. For its namesake district, see Karaikal district.

Karaikal காரைக்கால்
— Town —
Karaikal Port
Karaikal
Coordinates: 10°55′58″N 79°49′55″E / 10.932701°N 79.831853°E / 10.932701; 79.831853Coordinates: 10°55′58″N 79°49′55″E / 10.932701°N 79.831853°E / 10.932701; 79.831853
Country	India
State	Pondicherry
District	Karaikal
Area
• Total	160 km² (60 sq mi)
Population (2001)^[1]
• Total	74,438
• Density	470/km² (1,200/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Tamil, French
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	609602
Telephone code	91 (0)4368
Vehicle registration	PY-02
Website	www.karaikal.gov.in

Karaikal (Tamil: காரைக்கால் kāraikkāl also Karikal or Karaikkal) is a major port city of east coast of India and a municipality in Karaikal district in the Union Territory of Pondicherry, India. Several explanations are offered for the word 'Karaikal'. The imperial Gazetteer gives it the meaning 'fish pass'. According to Julien vinson the town is said to have known as Karaigiri in Sanskrit. However, the name Karaikal is no doubt a combination of two words 'Karai' and 'Kal'. Both the words ‘Karai and 'Kal' have several meanings, of which the more acceptable ones are 'lime mix' and 'canal' respectively. Hence it has been suggested that the name may mean a canal built of lime mix. However, no trace of such a canal is evident now.

1 History
2 Geography
3 Culture
4 Economy
5 Statehood
6 Educational institutions
7 Demographics
8 Landmarks
9 Nearby landmarks
10 Notable residents
11 See also
12 References
13 External links

History [link]

Karaikal in 1955

Kingdom of Thanjavur

Before 1739 Karaikal was under the regime and control of Raja Pratap Singh of Tanjore. In 1738, Dumas, a shrewd calculative prudent man and a lover of peace and above all one who was anxious to extend the French territory in India by smooth means, negotiated with Sahuji of Thanjavur for possession of Karaikal, the fortress of Karakalcheri and five village for 40,000 chakras. On 14 February 1739 the French took possession of Karaikal town, the fort of Karakalcheri and eiht dependent villages. The King of Thanjavur raised the price for the town of Karaikal and the fort of Karakalcheri to 50000 chakras.

He also demanded a loan of 150000 chakras without interest repayable in three years against the hypothecation of Mayavaram lands and an annual rent of 4,000 pagodas for five villages. The French agreed to all the terms except for the payment of 150,000 chakras which was reduced to 10,000 chakras while the annual rental was reduce to two or three thousand chakras. The villages so received were Kilaiyur, Melaiyur, Puduthurai, Kovilpathu and Tirumalairayanpattinam. Subsequently two villages were ceded to the French. Pratap Singh who succeeded the throne renewed demand for a loan of 100,000 chakra and on receipt of the first instalment of 4,000 chakras he assigned eight more villages to the French viz., Codague (Kondagai), Vanjiyur, Arimullimangalam, Niravi, Dharmapuram, Uzhiapathu, Mattakudi (probably Mathalangudi) and Polagam. Then on 12 February 1740 he sold these villages for 6,0000 chakras, which he had assigned only the previous year for 40,000 chakras.

French Colony

Colonial Karikal

The same year he pledged Thirunallar Mahanam for 55,350 chakras and also pledged 33 villages for 60,000 chakras. By a treaty signed on 12 January 1750 Pratap Singh ceded to the French 81 villages around Karaikal and cancelled the annual rent of 2,000 pagodas payable for the villages. This was all the territory the French possessed around Thanjavur when they surrendered to the British in 1761. The territory then passed twice to the British control before it was finally handed over to the French in 1816/1817 under the Treaty of Paris, 1814.

Independence Struggle

The formation of Karaikal national congress on 13 June 1947 and Students Congress on 31 January 1947 symbolised the first concrete expression of popular desire in Karaikal for freedom from French rule. The French ruled this district until 31 October 1954 on which date the French flag flying atop the government house at Karaikal was lowered with due military honors before a large gathering of officials and non-officials. Thus the de facto transfer of power took place on 1 November 1954 followed by de jure transfer on 16 August 1962. Until 1 November 1954, it was under French rule.

Part of India

Even Though the Territory was handed over to the Republic of India on 1 November 1954 Karikal's municipal administration was continued pursuant to the Arrêté dated 8 March 1880. This was replaced by the promulgation of the Pondicherry Municipality Act, 1973, with effect from 26 January 1974. Mr. Gaudart was the first Mayor of Karaikal in 1884.

Geography [link]

Location of Karaikal

Location

Karaikal is a small coastal enclave of territory which was formerly part of French India. Together with the other former French enclaves of Pondicherry, Yanam, and Mahé, Karaikal forms the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Karaikal is bounded on the North and South by Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu state, on the west by Tiruvarur district (also belonging to Tamil Nadu), and on the East by the Bay of Bengal. The enclave is located 132 km south of the city of Pondicherry, 158 km east of Trichy and is known for its rich cultural heritage.

Divisions

Karaikal town about 20 km. north of Nagappattinam and 12 km.south of Tarangambadi is the regional headquarters.

Karaikal region is made up of Karaikal municipality and the Communes of

Nedungadu
Kottucherry
Neravy
Thirunallar
Tirumalairayanpattinam (know as T.R Pattinam.)

2004 Tsunami

On the 26th of December 2004, Karaikal faced its worst tragedy in recent memory. Tsunami waves hit this coastal town and more than 500 people, mostly fishermen and their families, were washed away by the killer waves.

Rivers

The main branches of Kaveri below Grand Anicut are the Kodamurutti, Arasalar, Virasolanar and the Vikramanar. Although Arasalar and its branches spread through Karaikal, the waters of Kodamurutti and Virasolanar also meet the irrigation needs of the region

Topography

Forming part of the fertile Cauveri delta the region is completely covered by the distributaries of Cauveri. Covered completely by a thick mantle of alluvium of variable thickness, the lie of the region is flat having a gentle slope towards the Bay of Bengal in the east. It is limited on the north by the Nandalar and on the south-east by the Vettar. The group of rocks known as Cuddalore formations is met with in the area contiguous to Karaikal region in Nagappattinam District.

Culture [link]

Karaikal Ammayar Temple

Located 132 km south of the city of Pondicherry, 300 km south of Chennai and 150 km east of Thiruchi. Karaikal is known for its rich religious heritage, and is a destination for those seeking leisure and serenity. The town enjoys a harmonious society made up of Hindus, Muslims, Christians and people of other religious persuasions. Tamil is the predominant native language of the people. As the area was formerly a French possession, the French language is also found, especially among the elder generation.

Karaikal is known all over the country for its unique and the only temple devoted to the Lord Saneeswara (Lord Saturn) at Thirunallar. Karaikal is the Gateway to various places of worship in the eastern coast of Tamil Nadu. Two famous shrines, Velankanni for Christians and Nagore for Muslims are nearby Karaikal. The French flavor still persists in the peaceful land of Karaikal.

In Tirumalairayanpattinam, there is a famous temple called Ayirankaliamman temple, ayiram means 1000. We can see this god once in 5 years, because whatever offerings are given to this god, it should be 1008. So they will open for 3 days once in 5 years, and many devotees from all over Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry will come and worship.

Economy [link]

Karaikal port is a new deep sea water port being constructed in Vanjore, Karaikal. More than 600 acres (2.4 km²) of land was leased out to MARG corporation in year 2005 for 30 years and can be renewed for every 10 years thereafter. The port will have a total of nine berths and is constructed for primary transport of coal, textile and cement. The Karaikal port is intended to primarily handle cement and coal to serve the hinterland in Ariyalur, Perambalur and Tiruchi. The port is also expected to provide an alternative to the Chennai and Tuticorin ports, which are the major ports in the coastline but are separated by long distance. Further, Karaikal is in the middle of the Tamil Nadu coast, midway between the two deepwater ports of Chennai and Tuticorin.

Karaikal Port is poised to be a multi-cargo handling terminal. So far the port has handled cargoes such as Coal, Pet coke, Raw sugar, Fertilizer, Cement, Project Cargo and construction materials. Containers and liquid cargo are soon to follow. On completion, the port will be capable of handling all types of cargo. Karaikal Port is also a hub for oil exploration activities and OSV/PSVs belonging to companies such a Hindustan Oil Exploration Company (HOEC)and Reliance Petroleum regularly call at the port.

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)'s Asset and Kauveri Basin is at karaikal.^[2]

Most of the people in town are office bearers and other sources of town people's income is of petty business. The prominent source of income to the district is of agriculture. The other main source is of liquor as the tax is less and the cost is almost half when compared to neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the towns in South India with high cost of living due to French NRI's presence.

Statehood [link]

The Karaikal Union Territory Struggle Group started in 2005. It asks for separate Union Territory status within India for Karaikal. They especially want to time this with the granting of statehood to Pondicherry. The economic backwardness of Karaikal results from development focusing on Pondicherry.^[3]

Educational institutions [link]

According to the 2001 Census, Karaikal has literacy rate of 83 %. There is a wide network of Educational Institutions right from the Elementary level to Collegiate level in Karaikal region.

Karaikal has many schools,From primary to higher secondary.Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College,Avvaiyar Govt. Women college,Bharathiyar college of Engineering & Technology,Vinayaga Mission Medical College are wellknow institutions of Karaikal^[4] NIT (National Institute of Technology) is recently opened in Karaikal. RVS is another private instituation who opened their Education trust in Karaikal.

Demographics [link]

As of the^[update] 2001 census, Karaikal town had a population of 74,438 in 16,486 households.^[1] The municipality had a sex ratio of 1021 females per 1,000 males. Karaikal has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 68%. In Karaikal, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Landmarks [link]

The church of Our Lady of Angels.

Karaikal Ammayar Temple.
Karaikal Grand Masjid
Karaikal Beach
The Temple of Lord Saturn (Sanishwaran) Thirunallar.
Aayiram Kaliamman Temple, T.R. Pattinam.
Karaikal Port.
The church of Our Lady of Angels.

Nearby landmarks [link]

The famous Abhirami amman temple at Thirukadaiyur, 16 km north of Karaikal.
Lord Singaravelavar temple at Sikkal, 24 km South from karaikal.
The church of Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health, Velankanni, 28 km South from Karaikal.
Nagore Thouheed Mosque (TN): Muslim Pilgrim Centre, located 15 km South of Karaikal.
Tranquebar, around 12 km north of Karaikal - Danish Fort and the place where a printing press was started by Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, in 1706.

Notable residents [link]

Dr Anandou (1917–1972), a general physician during the French colonial era of Pondicherry, India
M. O. H. Farook (1937-2012), a former chief minister of Pondicherry and a former Governor of Kerala and Jharkhand.

References [link]

^ ^a ^b "Sub-District Details". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/District_Master.aspx?state_code=34. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ http://www.ongcindia.com/offices.asp
^ http://annaist.livejournal.com/4147.html
^ http://www.karaikal.com/schoolcolleges.htm

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Karaikal

French overseas empire

Former

v t e Former French colonies in Africa and the Indian Ocean

Maghreb	Algeria Morocco Arguin Island Tunisia

French West Africa	Côte d'Ivoire Dahomey French Sudan Guinea Mauritania Niger Senegal Upper Volta

	French Togoland James Island Albreda

French Equatorial Africa	Chad Gabon Middle Congo Ubangi-Shari French Cameroons

French Comoros	Anjouan Grande Comore Mohéli

	French Somaliland (Djibouti) Madagascar Ile de France French Seychelles

v t e Former French colonies in the Americas

New France 1655–1763 Acadia Louisiana Canada Terre Neuve

Inini Berbice Saint-Domingue Haiti Tobago Virgin Islands France Antarctique Equinoctial France

French West India Company

v t e Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania

French India	Chandernagor Coromandel Coast Madras Mahé Pondichéry Karaikal Yanaon

Indochinese Union	Cambodia Laos Vietnam Annam Cochinchina Tonkin Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, China

French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon	State of Syria Aleppo Damascus Alawite State Greater Lebanon Jabal al-Druze Sanjak of Alexandretta

Oceania	New Hebrides Vanuatu

France–Asia relations French East India Company

Present

Overseas departments and territories of France

Inhabited areas

Overseas departments¹	French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Réunion Mayotte²

Overseas collectivities	French Polynesia St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna

Special status	New Caledonia

Uninhabited areas

Pacific Ocean

Clipperton Island

French Southern and
Antarctic Lands

Île Amsterdam Île Saint-Paul Crozet Islands Kerguelen Islands Adélie Land

Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean	Banc du Geyser⁴ Bassas da India⁴ Europa Island⁴ Glorioso Islands^3, 4, 5 Juan de Nova Island⁴ Tromelin Island^{4, 5}

¹ Also known as overseas regions
² Claimed by Comoros
³ Claimed by Madagascar
⁴ Claimed by Seychelles
⁵ Claimed by Mauritius

v t e Union Territory of Pondicherry

Pondicherry Topics · History · Economy · Geography · Culture · Tourism

Capital	Pondicherry

Districts	Pondicherry · Karaikal · Mahé · Yanam

Municipalities	Karaikal · Mahé · Oulgaret · Pondicherry · Yanam

Languages	French · Tamil · Malayalam · Telugu

Education	Pondicherry University · JIPMER · NIT Karaikal ·

Places of interest	Auroville · Aurobindo Ashram ·

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaikal

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Playlist

Film Summary

Make changes yourself !

Contents

History [link]

Geography [link]

Culture [link]

Economy [link]

Statehood [link]

Educational institutions [link]

Demographics [link]

Landmarks [link]

Nearby landmarks [link]

Notable residents [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Karaikal

Related pages:

http://fr.wn.com/Kârikâl

http://nl.wn.com/Karaikal

http://de.wn.com/Karaikal

http://it.wn.com/Karaikal

http://hi.wn.com/कराईकल

http://pl.wn.com/Karajkkal

http://es.wn.com/Karaikal