Look up Regal or regal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Regal may refer to:

Musical Instrument[link]

• Regal (musical instrument), a keyboard instrument manually pumped by bellows and having a raucous, nasal sound

Surname[link]

• Steve Regal (born 1951), retired American professional wrestler. Not to be confused with "Steven Regal", a former ring name of:
• William Regal (born 1968), real name Darren Matthews, a British professional wrestler currently working for WWE

Brand/company names[link]

• The Reliant Regal, a model of car produced by Reliant
• The Buick Regal, a model of car produced by Buick
• Regal (automobile), a United States automobile
• Regal (cigarette), a brand of cigarettes
• Regal Cinema (disambiguation), several cinemas of that name
• Regal Entertainment Group, a major US theater chain
• Regal Hotels International a hotel operator listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
• Regal Manufacturing Company, a manufacturer of fretted musical instruments in Indianapolis from 1901 to 1904
• Regal Musical Instrument Company, a manufacturer of fretted musical instruments in Chicago from 1908 to 1954
• Regal Petroleum, an oil company
• Regal Records (disambiguation), the name of several record makers
• Regal Zonophone Records, a British record label
• Regal, a Spanish insurance company also known internationally as the sponsor of:
  • FC Barcelona Bàsquet or Regal FC Barcelona, the basketball section of FC Barcelona

Characters[link]

• A Tales of Symphonia character named Regal Bryant
• Dr. Regal, one of the antagonists from the MegaMan Battle Network series

Other[link]

• Regal, Minnesota, a town in the United States

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Chivas Regal ( /ˈʃɪvɪs ˈriːɡəl/) is a blended Scotch whisky produced by Chivas Brothers, owned by Pernod Ricard. Chivas Brothers was first established in 1801. The Chivas Regal brand's home is Strathisla Distillery at Keith, Moray in Speyside, Scotland, the oldest operating Highland distillery which was founded in 1786.

It is the market-leading Scotch whisky aged 12 years and above in Europe and Asia Pacific.^[1] Chivas Regal sales have grown by 61% between 2002 and 2008.^[2]

Chivas Regal family[link]

Chivas Regal whiskies are blended in a distinctive house style of a mellow, honeyed flavour.^[3]

• Chivas Regal 12 Year Old: Blended from whiskies matured for at least 12 years. Taste: Round and creamy on the palate, a taste of honey and ripe apples, with vanilla, hazelnut and butterscotch notes.^[4]
• Chivas Regal 18 Year Old: Blended from whiskies matured for at least 18 years. Taste: Chocolate and orange notes, some citrus and spice on the nose and a full, fruity, citrusy and spicy palate, with sherry notes to finish.^[5]
• Chivas Regal 25 Year Old: Created using whiskies aged at least 25 years; available only in limited quantities with a retail price of c$300.^[6] Taste: The blend has tasting notes of apricot and peach.

History[link]

The House of Schivas, a large mansion, was built at Schivas in Aberdeenshire in 1640. The name is derived from the Gaelic 'seamhas', meaning narrow place.^[7]

Chivas Brothers traces its roots to the opening of a grocery store at 13 King St, Aberdeen in 1801. The store sold luxury foodstuffs such as coffee, exotic spices, French brandies, and Caribbean rums to a wealthy clientele. In 1842, Chivas Brothers were retained to supply provisions to the royal family at Balmoral Castle upon Queen Victoria's first visit to Scotland.

In 1843, Chivas Brothers were granted a Royal Warrant to supply goods to Queen Victoria. Chivas Brothers was described in 1890 as 'undoubtedly the finest purveying business in the north of Scotland' by Scotland of Today magazine.^[8]

During the 1850s, James Chivas decided to respond to his affluent customers' demands for a smoother whisky, by beginning to blend whiskies to create a proprietary blend to Chivas Brothers. Their first blended Scotch whisky named 'Royal Glen Dee' was launched, followed in the 1860s by their second blended Scotch whisky, 'Royal Strathythan'.^[9]

In the early 1900s, Chivas Brothers decided to create their most aged blended Scotch whisky to export to the U.S, where the booming economy after the turn of the century was fueling demand for luxury goods. The whisky was named Chivas Regal.^[9]

Chivas Regal 25 Year Old was launched in 1909 as the original luxury Scotch, and became a leading brand in the U.S. Chivas Regal continued its success until Prohibition in the 1920s.^[10]

Chivas Regal was purchased by Seagrams in 1949, which provided a much wider distribution and marketing system.

Chivas Regal was re-launched as Chivas Regal 12 year old in the US following the disruption of both Prohibition and World War II. Chivas became a fashionable brand of the era, and became associated with Frank Sinatra and the rest of the Rat Pack.^[3] Chivas Regal was the Scotch whisky requested by Sinatra, along with other spirits brands backstage at performances,^[11] and Chivas sponsored Frank Sinatra's Diamond Jubilee Tour in 1990.

In 1950,^[12] the company Chivas Brothers was able to buy the Strathisla Distillery which produces the Strathisla Single Malt, which is used within the Chivas Regal blend.

The Chivas Regal range was expanded with the launch of higher aged whiskies, in 1997 with the launch of Chivas Regal 18 year old, and in 2007 with the launch of Chivas Regal 25.^[13]

Chivas Regal was acquired by Pernod Ricard in 2000 upon the breakup of Seagrams Group.

Strathisla distillery[link]

The home of Chivas Regal and location of its visitor centre is located at the Strathisla distillery. The distillery was founded in 1786,^[12] and is the oldest working distillery in the Highlands of Scotland - Strathisla Distillery, located in Speyside.

The Strathisla distillery is owned by Chivas Brothers, and Strathisla Single Malt is one of the malt whiskies used within the Chivas Regal blend.

Strathisla Single Malts have a natural sweetness and help to define the taste of Chivas Regal.

Marketing[link]

In 2009, Chivas Regal launched a new global advertising campaign, to run across all continents. 'Live with Chivalry' was created by the Euro RSCG advertising agency. The campaign features TV, press, and outdoor advertising.

Chivas Regal also sponsored The Black Eyed Peas', Robbie Williams', Beyoncé's, and Christina Aguilera's tours in Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Chivas Regal is also featured during the closing of the TV series Boston Legal.

In 2011 Chivas Regal sponsored The Asian Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sports Category. ^[14]

Critical Acclaim[link]

Chivas Regal whiskies have performed well at international Spirit ratings competitions. Although it only received a bronze medal in the latest competition in which it was entered (2009), the Chivas Regal 18yr Gold Signature blended whiskey—perhaps Chivas' best-performing product—received double gold medals at the 2006 and 2008 San Francisco World Spirits Competitions.^[15] Chivas' 21-year whisky has generally garnered silver medals at the competition.^[15]

References[link]

General references:

• "A Double Scotch" by F. Paul Pacult. ©2005 John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-66271-2
• "Cool Brands: An insight into some of Britain's coolest brands" ©2006 Superbrands Ltd ISBN 1-905652-03-8 *History of Chivas Regal from Superbrands.com
• "Scotland of Today" Published May 3, 1890.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chivas Regal

• Chivas Regal Official site
• Strathisla Distillery, home of Chivas Regal
• History of Chivas Regal from Superbrands.com
• Whisky Distilleries
• Strathisla Distillery
• Pernod Ricard Parent Company Homepage
• Chivas Brothers Packaging Upgrade Information

Coordinates: 57°32′44″N 2°57′08″W / 57.54556°N 2.95222°W / 57.54556; -2.95222

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Big Bear
Cree headman
Chief Mistahi-maskwa, 1885
Born	c. 1825
Died	17 January 1888
Place of death	Poundmaker Indian Reserve, Cut Knife, Saskatchewan, Canada

Big Bear or Mistahi-maskwa (c.1825 – 17 January 1888^[1]) was a Cree leader notable for his involvement in the North-West Rebellion and his subsequent imprisonment.

Early life and leadership[link]

Big Bear was born in the Canadian Northwest, probably near Fort Carlton.^[1] Although he may have been Saulteaux, he was raised among the Plains Cree bands who wintered along the North Saskatchewan River.^[1]

By 1863, according to Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) records, Big Bear was leading a large number of Cree near Fort Carlton, but soon moved to the area near Fort Pitt where he lived with a much smaller group.^[1]

He participated in the 1870 Battle of the Belly River, and would later find conflict again in 1873, this time with Métis leader Gabriel Dumont. Canadian government records indicate that as of 1874, Big Bear led 65 lodges (approximately 520 people).^[1]

Conflict with the Canadian government[link]

In the 1870s, the newly created Canadian government began to investigate signing treaties with the Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains, and sent gifts to encourage friendship. While some leaders accepted the gifts, Big Bear was not interested, declaring "when we set a fox-trap we scatter pieces of meat all round, but when the fox gets into the trap we knock him on the head; We want no bait; let your chiefs come like men and talk to us."^[1]

When representatives of Canadian government came to negotiate a series of numbered treaties for the return of land to the native peoples, Big Bear, one of the chief negotiators during Treaty 6, refused to sign, believing that the treaty was unfair and biased towards Canadian settlers. He campaigned against the Canadian government, preaching to other Native bands that the treaties were unfair.

Big Bear initially attempted to make alliances with other Natives, so that when the treaties were signed, they could all take their reserve land next to each other, effectively creating a First Nations country within Canadian borders. When the Canadian government heard of this plan, they immediately disallowed it, even though the treaties had previously stated that the Natives could take the reserve land wherever they wished. To further his cause, Big Bear even formed an uneasy alliance with his longtime rival, Crowfoot, Chief of the Blackfoot people.

Despite his opposition to the treaty and his mistrust of the governments intentions and methods, the dwindling of the buffalo herds ultimately prevented his people from continuing to rely on this traditional food source and pushed the Cree to the point of starvation in less than a decade. This desperate circumstance compelled Big Bear to finally accept Treaty 6 in order to obtain minimal food supplies for his people from the Canadian government.

A letter from General Fred Middleton to Big Bear, urging him to surrender

When the Métis initiated the North-West Rebellion of 1885 under Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont, Big Bear and his supporters played a minimal role in the overall uprising, but warriors from among Big Bear's people under the command of Wandering Spirit killed nine white men at Frog Lake in an incident that became known as the Frog Lake Massacre. Although Big Bear himself personally attempted to prevent the killings and subsequently expressed regret for the actions of the younger Cree warriors, the events at Frog Lake alarmed the Dominion Government. When 6,000 troops were sent to Batoche, Saskatchewan to smash the Métis resistance, the Canadian government used the Frog Lake Massacre as a reason to put down the Cree as well. Despite evidence of Big Bear's efforts to actually prevent the killings at Frog Lake, he was convicted for participation in the rebellion with a request from the jury for mercy. In 1885 the sixty year old chief was sentenced to three years in Stony Mountain Penitentiary, but was released from prison before serving his complete sentence as a result of failing health, and died shortly afterward.

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009)

Literature[link]

• Hugh A. Dempsey, Big Bear : The End of Freedom, Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1984. ISBN 0-88894-506-X
• Blair Stonechild and Bill Waiser. Loyal Till Death: Indians and the North-West Rebellion (1997)
• Rudy Wiebe, The Temptations of Big Bear, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1995. ISBN 0-7710-3454-7

External links[link]

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• "Chief Big Bear". Cree Indian Leader. Find a Grave. Dec 07, 2003. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8160613. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011.