- published: 16 Nov 2011
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- author: Sanuraj Mb
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Adoor
Adoor is a town and a municipality in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India, spread over an area of 20.42 km2. The town is located midway between Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam. It is among one of the three municipalities in Pathanamthitta district.
It is believed that the name Adoor is derived from "attipperu avakaasam ulla ooru". Vanjipuzha Chief (Land Lord from Chengannur) got the "attipperu avakasam" (full ownership without tax) from the Maharaja of Travancore.
As of 2001[update] India census, Adoor had a population of 28,943. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Adoor has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 49% of the males and 51% of females literate. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The main attraction in Adoor is the Krishna Sree Parthasarathy Temple. The temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna, known here by the name of Parthasarathy. It is one of the oldest Krishna temples in Kerala. Gajamela, the elephant pageant on the concluding day of annual festival at the temple, is the main highlight of the 10-day festival celebrations. Trichenda Mangalam Mahadeva Temple Peringanad, Mahavishnu Temple Elamannoor, Sreedharma Sastha Temple Chennampallil, Punthalaveettil Devi Temple Pazhakulam, Sreenarayanapuram Temple Manakala, Kuttiyil Sree Rajarajeswari Temple, Choorakode, Vellaramkunnu Bhagavathi Temple, Vellakkulangara, Sree Bhuvaneswari Subrahmania Swami Temple, Kalathattu are some of the other important temples. There is only one Amman Kovil is located at Kottamukal.
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Alappuzha
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ
pronunciation (help·info)), also known as Alleppey, is a town in Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India.This town is considered to be the oldest planned town in this region and the lighthouse built on the coast of the town is the first of its kind along the Arabian coast(refer encyclopedia of Kerala in Malayalam language). As per 2001 census Alleppey is the sixth largest city in Kerala with an urban population of 177,029. Alleppey is situated 62 kilometres (39 mi) to the south of Kochi and 155 kilometres (96 mi) north of Trivandrum. A town with picturesque canals, backwaters, beaches, and lagoons, it was described as the one of the places known as "Venice of the East" by Lord Curzon . It is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Hindi, English and Tamil are also widely spoken in the town.[citation needed]
Alleppey is an important tourist destination in India.Backwaters of Alleppey are world famous and is the most popular tourist attraction in Kerala. A houseboat cruise in these backwaters is a delightful experience. It connects Kumarakom and Cochin towards north and Quilon to the South. Alappuzha is also the access point for the annual Nehru Trophy Boat Race, held on the Punnamada Lake, near Alappuzha, held on the second Saturday of August every year, is the most competitive and popular of the boat races in India. The mullackal chirap is also one of the attractions of Allapuzha which is the festive season held ten colorfull days every year in the month of December.
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Alappuzha district
Alappuzha (Malayalam: ആലപ്പുഴ) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala in India. It was formed as Alleppey District on August 17, 1957. The name of the district was officially changed to Alappuzha in 1990. The district is a widely known tourist destination, and is well known for its coir factories. Most of Kerala's coir industries are situated in and around Alappuzha. The district is also known for its communist traditions. It is home to the Punnapra Vayalar strikes against the British and also the revolt against feudal raj. Alappuzha is strongly connected by waterways to various other parts of Kerala, including the famous tourist destination, Kumarakom.
Alleppey has a wonderful past. Though the present town owes its existence to the sagacious Diwan Rajakesavadas in the second half of 18th century, district of Alappuzha figures in classified Literature. Kuttanad, the rice bowl of Kerala with the unending stretch of paddy fields, small streams and canals with lush green coconut palms, was well known even from the early periods of the Sangam age. History says Alappuzha had trade relations with ancient Greece and Rome in B.C and in the Middle Ages.
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Alathur
Alathur is a small town in the Palakkad district of Kerala, South India. It is the headquarters of the Alathur Taluk and is situated at the south west end of the district 24 km from the district headquarters at Palakkad. Alathur Taluk is predominantly rural and has an agricultural economy. It is the largerst and one of the 32 villages of Musugundan Community.
The population consists predominantly of Hindus. They belong to many castes with each caste having its own traditional profession. In recent years the traditional system has lost its relevance and people from different castes are seen in the same field.
There are many Muslims in the Taluk and the majority of them are traders. Many members of the local Muslim community have employment in the Arab countries which has given a boost to the economic status of the community in general. They also run many institutions for children such as the Model Central School and the Islamiya College.
The Christians of Alathur are mostly settlers from the Kottayam and Idukki districts. They are farmers and have made their homes in the areas around Vadakkanchery, Kizhakkanchery, Korenchira, Palakkuzy, Odenthode, Vandazhi and Mangalam Dam. Rubber, pepper and cassava are some of the most prominent crops in the Taluk and the local economy is strongly affected by rubber prices.
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Aluva
Aluva (Malayalam: ആലുവ, formerly Alwaye), is a suburb of Kochi in the Ernakulam district of Kerala, India. Located on the River Periyar, Aluva is the industrial epicentre of the state. A major transportation hub, with easy access to all major forms of transportation, Aluva acts as corridor which links the highland districts to the rest of the state. The proximity of the Naval Armament Depot - one of the six in the country - situated in the outskirts of the town makes Aluva a strategically important town.
Aluva, home to the summer residency of the Travancore royal family - the Alwaye Palace - is also famous for the Sivarathri festival celebrated annually at the sandbanks of Periyar. The Advaita Ashrams in Aluva founded in 1913 by Sree Narayana Guru, one of India's greatest social reformers adds to the cultural significance of the town. Today, whilst part of the Kochi urban agglomeration, Aluva is an autonomous municipality, its civic administration conducted by Aluva Municipal Council. The town also serves as the administrative centre of the Aluva taluk.
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Ambalappuzha
Ambalappuzha is a small town in Alappuzha district of Kerala state, south India. The town is famous for its Sri Krishna temple. The Ambalappuzha temple is one of the three important Sri Krishna temples in the state of Kerala.
Ambalapuzha is divided into 2 panchayats: Ambalapuzha North and Ambalapuzha South.
The Ambalappuzha Sri Krishna Temple is believed to have been built in the year 790 M.E by the local ruler Chembakasserry Pooradam Thirunal-Devanarayanan Thampuran.
This temple is directly associated to the Guruvayoor Sri Krishna Temple. During the raids Tipu Sultan in 1789, the idol of Sri Krishna from the Guruvayoor Temple(guruvayoor appan) was brought to the Ambalappuzha Temple for safe keeping.
The payasam served in the Ambalappuzha Temple is famous among Hindu devotees. This sweet pudding made of rice and milk has an interesting mythological legend behind it.It is very famous
An idol of Sri Krishna, The Lord Parthasarathy idol was installed in the temple.
The Aarattu festival commences with the flag hoisting ceremony on the Atham star in Meenam (March–April). The important Aarattu festival takes place on the Thiruvonam day of the same month. The aarattu ezhunnullathu starts from Erattakulangara Mahadeva Temple(The famous temple amongst one of the siva temples, facing to west)
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Angamaly
Angamaly (Malayalam: അങ്കമാലി, Aṅkamāli) is a satellite town of the city of Kochi, situated 34 kilometres (21 mi) north of the city center and a municipality in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. It is one of the entry points or gateways to Ernakulam district from northern Kerala. The Main Central road terminates in Angamaly where it also intersects the National Highway 47.
As of the 2001 India census, Angamaly had a population of 33,424. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Angamaly has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 50% of the males and 50% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Angamaly is distinguished by a number of churches of different rites and was the leading ecclesiastical centre in early modern times (later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries) .
Angamaly assembly constituency is part of Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency).
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Attingal
Attingal is a municipality in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India. It is a suburb of the extended metropolitan region of Thiruvananthapuram city. It is situated 30 km to the north of Thiruvananthapuram.
According to the 2001 census, Attingal has a population of 35,648. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Attingal has an average literacy rate of 95%, with 98% of males and 92% of females literate. 11% of the population is under the age of 6. The town is famed for its cleanliness in recent years. The municipality has undertaken many plans which had been succeeded. the municipality also achieved a couple of awards for the success.
The Attingal assembly constituency is part of Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency).
The Attingal Palace had an important role in the history of Kerala. It played a significant role in the growth of the Tranvancore Dynasty. The Attingal Palace gained prominence in the 14th century when Udaya Marthanda Varma ascended the throne of Travancore. He adopted two princesses from the royal family of the Kolathiris of North Malabar. A palace for each one of them was built by the king at Attingal and Kunnummel. The palace witnessed the first ever united rebellion against the British. The first uprising took place on April 15, 1721. A British contingent comprising 140 men were killed. It triggered off a series of insurrections. The walls of the palace are adorned with murals. The main edifice of the palace is now under the control of the Devaswom Board.
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Chalakudy
Chalakudy (ചാലക്കുടി) is a municipal town situated on the banks of Chalakudy River in Thrissur District of the Kerala State in India. It is the base camp for travellers to Athirappilly and Vazhachal Falls. It lies on National Highway 47 and located about 36 km (23 mi) north of the city of Kochi, the commercial capital city of Kerala and 30 km (19 mi) south of Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala.
The name "Chalakudy" is derived from the word "Shalakudy", meaning a place where sacrifices are made. The best season to visit Chalakudy is December to March and also in monsoon season. Chalakudy is a place of historical importance as it was the base for the operations of the Mysore invader Tipu Sultan while attacking the "Travancore lines'.
As of the 2001 census, Chalakudy had a population of 48,371. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Chalakudy has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 86% and female literacy of 84%. 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Changanassery
Changanacherry is a municipal town in Kottayam district in the state of Kerala, India, located 18 km south of Kottayam and 8 km north of Thiruvalla on the Main Central road. With a population of about 50,000, it's population was already 36,000 as early as the 1951 census.
As of the 2001 India census, Changanassery had a population of 51,960. Males constituted 48% of the population and females 52%. Changanassery has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 86% and female literacy of 85%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. A large percentage of population from Changanassery resides abroad in the Gulf, Europe and America.
Perunna Subramanyaswami Temple, Thrikodithanam Temple, Vazhappally Mahadeven Temple, Metropolitan Church, Parel Church, Puthur Masjid (Puthurpally) and Pazhaya Masjid (Pazhayapally) are the important worship centres in Changanacherry. The notable worship centres near to Changanassery are Ettumanoor Temple, Manarkadu Church, Chakkulathukavu Temple, Neerettupuram, Chettikulangara Temple, Mavelikkara, Chengannur Mahadeva Temple and Anikkattilammakshethram Temple. The Archdiocese of Changanassery is the largest Catholic Diocese in India, established in 1887.
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Chengannur
Chengannur , (Malayalam: ചെങ്ങന്നൂര്) is a municipal town in Alappuzha district of the state of Kerala in South India. Chengannur (also spelled Chenganoor, Chenganur, and Chengannoor) is located in the extreme eastern part of Alappuzha district. It is 117 kilometres (73 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram on the MC Road. Chengannur is connected to Kollam and Kottayam by NH 220. Chengannur is noted for its Shiva temple Chengannur Mahadeva Kshetram and tens of others and its Old Syrian Church. Chengannur is one of the major sabarimala pilgrim destination.
The nearest towns are Pandalam to the south, Thiruvalla to the north, Mavelikkara to the west and Aranmula, Kozhencherry, and Pathanamthitta to the east. The taluk contains villages such as Kurattissery, Mannar, Ennakkad, Pandanad, Thiruvanvandoor, Chengannur, Mulakuzha, Ala, Puliyoor, Cheriyanad, Venmony.
As of the 2001 India census, Chengannur had a population of 125,391. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Chengannur has an average literacy rate of 88%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 88% and female literacy of 88%. Nine percent of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Cherpulassery
Cherpulassery or Cherplassery / Cherpalchery (ചെര്പ്ലശ്ശേരി Malayalam) is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala state, south India. It is in Ottapalam taluk, known for its eminent and prolific contributions to the world of culture. Geographically, it is a tri-junction of roads converging from three towns -- Ottapalam, Pattambi and Perinthalmanna. A couple of kilometres north of the place, at Kacherikunnu, the semi-hilly road also branches off eastwards to the district headquarter town of Palakkad. Cherpulassery has a well known government school, the foundation for which was laid by Mahatma Gandhi.
The heart of Cherpulassery typically bustles with business and hotels, but the place is better known for its vintage temples (Ayyappan Kavu, Puthanalkkal Bhagavathy shrine and the Shiva Kshetram) and as the home of several Kathakali and traditional Kerala percussionists with expertise in playing instruments like the chenda, maddalam and the edakka.
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Cherthala
Cherthala (Malayalam: ചേര്ത്തല, formerly Shertallai or Shertallay) is a town located in the district of Alappuzha, in the state of Kerala, India. It is located 30 km south of the city of Kochi and 22 km north of Alappuzha town, on the Kochi-Alappuzha streatch of both the National Highway 47 as well as the costal Rail-route.
In local administration, the Cherthala town is a municipality while in the state administrative structure Cherthala is a Taluk in the district of Alappuzha. The Corporation of Cochin has drafted a Master Plan that aims to develop Cherthala as the satellite town around the Kochi city.
According to the local legend, once Vilwamangalam Swamiyar, the well known Kerala Hindu Saint, while travelling through Cherthala, found an idol of the Devi with its head immersed in a muddy pond. The swami understood the divinity of the idol, took it out from the mud, cleaned it and consecrated it in a temple near the pond. Thus the place is believed to have got its name as Cher means Mud and Thala means Head in Malayalam and the deity of the temple got the name as Cherthala Karthiyayani. The word put together means Head from the mud. Unlike in other Kerala temples, the idol of Cherthala Karthiyayani Devi is consecrated in the Sreekovil just below the ground level and cannot be directly viewed by the devotees.
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Chirayinkeezhu taluk
Chirayinkeezhu Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the northern part of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It comprises 29 villages and two municipalities. Chirayinkeezhu taluk is the birthplace of a host of illustrious personalities like Raja Ravi Varma, the painter among princes and a prince among painters, the great poet and social reformer Kumaran Asan, the practical saint and sanyasin Sree Narayana Guru, Prem Nazir etc.
There are 29 villages and two municipalities are in the taluk.
Alamcode, Ayiroor, Azhoor, Chemmaruthy, Cherunniyoor, Chirayinkeezhu, Edakkode, Edava, Kadakkavoor, Karavaram, Keezhattingal, Kilimanoor, Koonthalloor, Koduvazhannoor, Kudavoor, Madavoor, Manamboor, Mudakkal, Nagaroor, Navaikulam, Ottoor, Pallickal, Pazhayakunnummel, Perunguzhi, Pulimath, Sarkara-Chirayinkeezhu, Vakkom, Vellalloor, Vettoor·
There are two municipalities: Varkala and Attingal.
Chirayinkeezh is blessed with a network of backwaters and canals, which is quite typical of Kerala.Also there are many Temples and important tourist places. Some of them are given below.
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Chittur
Chittur is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala, South India.
Chittur assembly constituency is part of Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency). It contains 16 panchayats.
As of 2001[update] India census, Chittur-Thathamangalam had a population of 31,884. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Chittur-Thathamangalam has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 84% and female literacy of 74%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர், pronounced [kɔəjmbaːʈɔrɪ]), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை, pronounced [kɔʋaːəj] (
listen)), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the 15th largest urban agglomeration in India with a metropolitan population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial centre and has often been referred to as the "Manchester of South India".
The Coimbatore region has been ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, the later Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire and the Madurai Nayaks and is believed to have been named after a chieftain called Koyan. In the 17th century, the city became a part of the Kingdom of Mysore and remained so until its conquest by the British East India Company in 1799. The history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed steady growth fueled by its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions.
Coimbatore is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation which comprises 100 wards grouped into five zones. It is situated on the banks of the Noyyal River in western Tamil Nadu and is surrounded by the Western Ghats on all sides. It is well connected by road, rail and air with major towns and cities in India.
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Colombo
Colombo (Sinhala: කොළඹ, pronounced [ˈkoləmbə]; Tamil: கொழும்பு) is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo. Colombo is a busy and vibrant city with a mixture of modern life and colonial buildings and ruins and a population of 647,100. The Colombo Metropolitan Region, defined by the districts of Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara, has an estimated population of 5,648,000, and covers an area of 3,694.20 km². As per the Provincial Gross Domestic Product-2010, The Western Province, which includes the cities of Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara recorded GDP per capita of USD 3,808, the highest recorded GDP per capita for any region in South Asia. It was formerly the political capital of Sri Lanka, before Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte.
Due to its large harbour and its strategic position along the East-West sea trade routes, Colombo was known to ancient traders 2,000 years ago. It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, and its status as capital was retained when the nation became independent in 1948. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
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Devikulam
Devikulam is a small hill station about 16 km from Munnar in the Idukki District of the southern state of Kerala in India. It is 1800 m above sea level.
The name Devikulam means:
Devi -> Seeta Devi and Kulam -> Pond
According to legend, the goddess Sita Devi of the Ramayana epic bathed in the beautiful Devikulam lake waters surrounded by lush, green hills, now named Sita Devi Lake. The lake draws tourists not only because of its sacredness but also for the curative powers of its mineral waters. Most of the inhabitants in this town speak Tamil. Nearby, are the scenic Pallivasal Waterfalls, dense, green tea plantations, and the natural vegetation of slim red and blue and yellow gum trees.
Population of approximately 350 people (2010)
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Dindigul
Dindigul (Tamil: திண்டுக்கல்) is a City and District headquarters in Tamil Nadu state of southern India. This is a 11th largest Urban Agglomeration based on census 2011 in Tamil Nadu The name Dindigul comes from the Portmanteau of “Thindu” meaning pillow and “kal” meaning Rock and refers to the bare hill dominating the city’s both land and skyscape. While it is largely known as the “City of Locks,Briyani City, Textiles and Tannery", this piece of land sandwiched between the Palani and Sirumalai Hills has 200,000 hectares of cultivable land and agriculture continues to be the main occupation of its inhabitants. A reserved forest area of 85 hectares rich in flora and fauna enhances Dindigul’s appeal. Particularly the Kurinji flowers found on the rolling green hills of lower Palani range, which bloom once in 12 years is well known.
Dindigul - Fort On the hill at a height of 280 ft. In the year 1605 Madurai King 'Muthu Krishna Naicker' started the construction of this Fort. In 1623 to 1659 Mannar Thirumalai Naicker completed this. In 1755 Hyder Ali was escorting Fakhr-Un-Nisha his wife and Five years old Tipu to Dindigul. From 1784 to 1790 the Fort was under the rule of 'Tipu Sultan'. In 1784, the Tipu's commandant Syed Ibrahim, under whose care the Fort was, constructed many rooms in the Fort, strengthened the walls and also conducted repairs. During the year 1790 in the Mysore war Tipu was defeated and the Fort came into the hands of English.
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Eloor
Eloor is a suburb of Kochi and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala, India. It is an industrial area north of Cochin. It is an island of 14.21 km² formed between two distributaries of river Periyar and is the largest industrial belt in Kerala. Eloor is a part of Kochi metropolitan area.
There are more than 247 industries of different kinds e.g., Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore (FACT), Travancore Cochin Chemicals, Indian Rare Earths Limited, Hindustan Insecticides Limited (the world's largest manufacturer of DDT) and many others manufacturing a range of products like chemical-petrochemical products, pesticides and insecticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing chemicals, fertilizers, zinc/chromium compounds and leather products.
As a result of its heavy industry, the town also suffers from heavy pollution, and is rated as one of the toxic hotspots of the world by Green Peace International.
As of 2001[update] India census, Eloor had a population of 30,092. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Eloor has an average literacy rate of 84%, somewhat higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 81%.
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Eranad taluk
Eranad Taluk is a taluk (tehsil) in Malapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. The headquarters of the taluk is at Manjeri.
Eranad (from "Erala-nadu", the Land of the Cattles according to William Logan) was originally a province in the Chera Kingdom (9th-12th century AD) ruled by a clan known as the Eradis. They had their provincial capital was at Nediyiruppu, near present day Kondotty. The ruler of the Eralanadu was known as the Eralanadu Utaiyavar, Elar-thiri or Nediyiruppu Mooppan. Manavepala Manaviyan, a Governor of the Eralanadu, signs in the famous Jewish Copper Plate (1000 AD). The Syrian Copper Plate (1225 AD) is also signed by the Eralanadu ruler.
After the fall of the Cheras, the region became a indepedenet political entity. Later, the Eradis expanded thier Kingdom to the west and moved their capital to Calicut. The Eradis came to be known as the "Kings of the Oceans" (Samoothiri/Zamorin) in later times.
The region was the centre of the Moplah Uprising of 1921. The armed uprising, infamous for the abusive crimes committed, was brutally eliminated by the Colonial goverment.
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Ernakulam
Ernakulam (Malayalam: എറണാകുളം, Eṟṇākulaṁ) refers to the eastern one of the twin cities Ernakulam - Kochi in Kerala, India. The city is the most urban part of Kochi and has lent its name to the Ernakulam district. Ernakulam is called the commercial capital of the state of Kerala. The Kerala High Court, the Office of the Corporation of Cochin and the Cochin Stock Exchange are situated here.
The name 'Ernakulam' is derived from the name of a very famous temple of Lord Shiva called the Ernakulathappan Temple. It is also said that the word Ernakulam was drawn from Malayalam words 'Ere naal Kulam', which mean 'Pond for a long time'. It is also said that the name Ernakulam is a long modified form of "Eraivanar Kulam" (Eraivan = God, in Tamil, and Kulam = Pond). It is also said that the temple pond is called 'Rishingakkulam', and the name 'Ernakulam' is the corrupted form of that word.
Ernakulam is located at 9°59′N 76°17′E / 9.98°N 76.28°E / 9.98; 76.28. It has an average elevation of 4 m (13 ft).
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Ernakulam district
Ernakulam District is a district of the state of Kerala in southern India. The district includes the largest metropolitan region of the state Greater Cochin. Ernakulam District is the highest revenue yielding district in the state and is called and known as the commercial capital of Kerala. It is the third most populous district in Kerala,after Malappuram and Thiruvananthapuram (out of 14). Ernakulam district also hosts the highest number of number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala state.
It is surrounded by Thrissur District to the north, Idukki District to the east, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts to the south and Arabian sea to west. Its headquarters is located at Kakkanad, a suburb of Kochi city.
The language people speak in Ernakulam is Malayalam which is the mother-tongue of the State of Kerala. English is widely used in business circles.
The word/name Ernakulam is derived from a Tamil word Erayanarkulam which means abode of Lord Shiva.
From ancient times Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kingdom of Cochin and left their impressions in the town. The word Ernakulam was drawn from the words Erayanar and kulam means abode of Lord Shiva temple near pond.
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Erode
Erode (Tamil: ஈரோடு [iːroːɽɯ]) is a city, a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Erode district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
It is situated at the center of the South Indian Peninsula, about 400 kilometres (249 mi) southwest of the state capital Chennai and on the banks of the rivers Cauvery and Bhavani, between 11° 19.5" and 11° 81.05" North latitude and 77° 42.5" and 77° 44.5" East longitude. As per Census 2011 alignments, Erode Urban Agglomeration is located on the Western Banks of the river Cauvery, Erode is an important city in Kongu Nadu. It is well known for handloom, powerloom textile products and readymade garments. Hence it is called the Loom City of India or Texvalley of India. Products such as cotton sarees, bed spreads, carpets, lungies, printed fabrics, towels and dhotis are marketed here in bulk and during festivals a lot of profit is generated by cloth traders. It has also been nicknamed Manjal Maanagaram (Turmeric city) and Javuli Nagaram (Textile city). Some people say that Erode is a Peaceful city to live.
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Government of Kerala
The Government of Kerala is a democratically elected body that governs the State of Kerala, India for a period of 5 years. The state government is headed by the Governor of Kerala as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as real head of the executive. The state government maintains its capital at Thiruvananthapuram(Trivandrum). The Government of Kerala was formed on November 1, 1956 after merging of Royal States of Travancore-Cochin with Malabar as part of States Reorganization Act-1956.
The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years. The executive and legislative powers lie with the Chief Minister and his council of ministers, who are by the Governor. The Governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of India at Union level. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment. Governors discharge all constitutional functions such as the appointment of the Chief Minister, sending reports to the President about failure of constitutional machinery in a state, or with respect to issues relating to the assent to a bill passed by legislature, exercise or their own opinion.
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Guruvayur
Guruvayur (Malayalam: ഗുരുവായൂർ) (also written as Guruvayoor or Gurupavanapuri) is a municipal town in Thrissur District, of Kerala State in India. It houses the famous Guruvayur Sree Krishna Temple, the fourth biggest temple in India in terms of the number of devotees per day.
Guruvayur, according to the legends may be 5,000 years old as the Guruvayur temple idol is. There are no historical records to establish it. In the 14th century, Tamil literature 'Kokasandesam', references about a place called Kuruvayur is made. As early as 16th century, many references are seen about Kuruvayur. In ancient Dravidic, Kuruvai means sea, hence the village on the coast may be called Kuruvayur. According to eminent historian Professor K. V. Krishna Iyer, the Brahmins had begun to come and settle at Kodungallur during the period of Chandra Gupta Maurya (321-297 BC).
Guruvayur was a subordinate shrine of Trikkunavay Shiva temple before the latter was destroyed by the Dutch in 1755. Trikkunavay in the Guruvayur documents is the same as Thrikkanamathilakam or Mathilakam mentioned in the Dutch and British records. And this place was in between Guruvayur and Kodungallur. The story of Pandyan King building a shrine here may be a reference to the Azhavars, but they are all silent in their writing about Guruvayur. It was Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri's Narayaniyam through which the Guruvayur temple got famous all over India.
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Idukki district
Idukki is one of the 14 districts of Kerala state, India. The district headquarters is located at Kuyilimala in Painavu.
The name of the district is derived from the Malayalam word Idukki, meaning narrow gorge.
Idukki has an area of 4,479 km2 (1,729 sq mi) and is the second largest District of Kerala (the largest being Palakkad). Rugged mountains and forests cover about 97 percent of the total area of the District. The district borders the Kerala districts of Pathanamthitta to the south, Kottayam to the southwest, Ernakulam to the northwest and Thrissur to the north and Coimbature, Dindigul and Theni Districts in Tamilnadu to the east.
Anamudi, the highest peak in India south of Himalayas, is in the Kuttampuzha Panchayat of Adimali Block, in the Kannan Devan Hills Village of Devikulam taluk. Thirteen other peaks in the district exceed a height of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The Periyar, Thodupuzhayar and Thalayar are the important rivers of the district.
The four taluks (subdistricts) in the district are Devikulam, Udumbanchola, Peerumade and Thodupuzha. The taluks contain 65 villages between them.
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India
India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Irinjalakuda
Irinjalakuda (Malayalam: ഇരിഞ്ഞാലക്കുട) is a municipal town in Thrissur district, Kerala, India.
According to Hindu mythology, Irinjalakuda was created by sage Parasurama. According to Keralolpatthi, out of the 64 gramas (villages) established in Kerala, Irinjalakuda was the head of 10 of them. Irinjalakuda was one of the most prominent among these villages. Like the other villages this ‘Grama’ also followed the ‘Chathurvarnia’ system of society which lay upon caste system based on the ‘Manusmruthi’.
The name Irinjalakuda has been derived from "Iru" and "Chaal" meaning two streams. According to another legend, the origin of the name Irinjalakuda came from 'Irinjalikoodal'. 'Koodal' simply means merge, merging of two rivers. Two streams that start, one from Kurmalipuzha and the other from Kudapuzha, that belongs to Chalakudypuzha, and move through Konthipulam at North whereas, the other one through Velukara at South. Then these two streams merge in the West. So it shows that Irinjalakuda may have gradually developed, from 'Irinjalikoodal', that derived from 'Inangikoodal', means - merge. At present there is no river in Irinjalakuda, only but the myth of river.
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Kalamassery
Kalamassery' (Malayalam: കളമശ്ശേരി) is a region in the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the District of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrialization with several factories manufacturing chemicals and fertilizers, as well as IT companies. In the vicinity of Kalamassery are the Thrikkakara temple, the Cochin University of Science and Technology and the Eloor industrial township. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.
The name Kalamassery is derived from ‘Kalabasery’. Kalabasery was the place from where Kalabam was brought to Thrikkakara Temple. Later this Kalabasery changed its name into Kalamassery.
As of 2001 India census, Kalamassery had a population of 63,176. Sex ratio is 956 females per 1000 males. Kalamassery has an average literacy rate of 84%, which is well higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kalamassery, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Although Muslims are the largest community, a sizable amount of the population follow Hinduism and Christianity.
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Kalpetta
Kalpetta (Malayalam: കല്പറ്റ) is a city and a municipality in Wayanad district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a small town surrounded by dense coffee plantations and mountains, is the headquarters of Wayanad district. It lies on the Kozhikode-Mysore National Highway (NH 212) at an altitude of about 780 m above sea level.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kalpetta had a population of 29,602. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Kalpetta has an average literacy rate of 77%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 81%, and female literacy is 73%. In Kalpetta, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Earlier Kalpetta was a part of Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency. But later when Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency came into existence, the Kalpetta assembly constituency became a part of it with Mananthavady and Sultan Battery constituencies. [1]
There are many attractions near Kalpetta
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Kanayannur
Kanayannur is a Taluk in the District of Ernakulam, in the state of Kerala, India.Taluk is an administrative denomination in India.
As of 2001[update] India Census, Kanayannur had a population of 790212 with 390875 males and 399337 females. Kanayannur is the largest Taluk in Kerala.
Kanayannr taluk office situated at M G Road, Ernakulam. There is a village in kanayannur taluk whose name is also kanayannur. Kanayannur village office situated at a village called Eruvely. The place Kanayannur is presently known as Palace Square though Kanayannur taluk and Kanayannur village still exist. It is believed that there was a palace of king of Kochi in Kanayannur hence the place is named palace square.
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Kanhangad
Kanhangad (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞങ്ങാട്) is a town and a municipality in Kasaragod District in the Indian state of Kerala. It is 28 km from the district headquarters of Kasaragod. Bekal Fort is a 300-year old fort, one of the largest and best preserved forts in Kerala and lies 10 km north of Kanhangad . The fort is believed to have been built by Ikkeri Shivappa Nayaka. A Hanuman temple is located at the entrance of the fort. The construction resembles the Portuguese fort at Kannur St.Angelo's Fort.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kanhangad had a population of 65,499. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Kanhangad has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 74%. In Kanhangad, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The most widely spoken language is Malayalam. Other prominent languages spoken by communities living here include Konkani, Tulu and Kannada. A large GSB Brahmin community (who speaks Konkani) lives here. The famous Gowda Saraswat Brahmin temple, Lakshmi Venkatesh temple (LV temple) is also situated in Kanhangad. There is also a small Palghat Iyer Brahmin community which speaks a mix of Malayalam and Tamil.
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Kanjirappally
Kanjirappally (Malayalam: കാഞ്ഞിരപ്പള്ളി) is a taluk and a town in Kottayam district, in the state of Kerala, India. Rubber plantations are a major source of income for the local population. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholic Christians. The Christian colonization of Kanjirappally had a profound impact on the history of commerce and agriculture in these parts. The Christians claim their roots from early settlements at Nilakkal or Chayal on the banks of Pamba River. There is also a strong belief that the flourishing Christian community here was founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle himself. The place was in the forest recesses far away from seats of power. Nilakkal became an important depot for spices like pepper, cardamom etc. and the Christians were engaged in this lucrative trade as procures and sorters.
Kanjirappally is a small city that boasts of it religious harmony. The population is a mixture of Christians, Muslims, and Hindus.
One of the oldest and most famous church in the diocese of Kanjirappally. It was built in the 1449 AD, even 50 years before the Portuguese landed in Kerala.
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Kannur
Kannur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര്, Kaṇṇūr ?), also known as Cannanore, is a city in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the administrative headquarters of the District of Kannur and 518 km north of state capital Trivandrum. During British rule in India, Kannur was known by its old name Cannanore(Land of lord Krishna[citation needed]), which is still in fairly common usage. Kannur is the 6th largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, Thrissur and Kollam. It is the largest city of North Malabar region. Kannur Municipality was established in 1867 and is one of the oldest municipalities in Kerala.
Kannur is one of the Million Plus urban agglomerations in India with a population of 1,642,892 in 2011. Kannur is known as the Land of Looms and Lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and ritualistic folk arts held in temples. Kannur is famous for its pristine beaches; Theyyam, its native performing art, and its handloom industry.
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Kannur district
Kannur District (Malayalam: കണ്ണൂര് ജില്ല) is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north, Kozhikode District to the south and Wayanad District to the south-east. To the east the district is bounded by the Western Ghats, which forms the border with Karnataka State, in its district of Kodagu. The Arabian Sea lies to the west.
Kannur is the most urbanised district in Kerala, with more than 50% of its residents living in urban areas. Kannur has an urban population of 1,212,898, which is the second largest in Kerala after Ernakulam district.
Kannur District is known as the land of looms and lores, because of the loom industries functioning in the district and festivals held in temples. The district is a major centre of Theyyam, a ritual dance of northern Kerala. Small shrines known as kavus associated with the Theyyam dot the district. The district is set to have a new international airport. Kannur International Airport will be the fourth International Airport in Kerala.
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Karthikappally
Karthikappally (Malayalam: കാര്ത്തികപ്പള്ളി) is a village in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala.
Karthikappally was once a Buddhist center. About in the year 904-933 the Great ruler of Travancore, King Marthanda Varma, added Karthikappally to Travancore. In 1742 and 1753 the nearby places namely, Kayamkulam and Ambalapuzha was added to the Karthikappally Natturajyam, making it a prominent region since then. The area between the now existing Purakkad and Kayamkulam was the once Karthikappally.
What made Karthikappally the most unique and important was the proximity of an inland waterway or a Thodu which enabled free flow of traffic and evolved Karthikappally into a Trading center. The market was huge and crowded, still remains of the old market stays.
Many years after its glorious past, the Karthikappally Panchayat was formed. Shri. K Damodaran was its first man in place. In 1912, the Govt. School in Mahadevikadu was constructed followed by The Govt. L P School in memory of Divan Krishnan Nair. Many great Leaders had their footprints on the sands of time of Karthikappally.
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Karunagappalli
Karunagappally (or Karunagappalli, Malayalam: കരുനാഗപ്പള്ളി Karunāgappaḷḷi) is a gramapanchayath and [[municipality] in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Karunagappally is situated 27 km north to Kollam.
Karunagappally Taluk consists of 12 Panchayats : Karunagappally, Thodiyoor, Panmana, Alappad, Chavara, Neendakara, Thevalakkara, Thekkumbhagom, Kulasekharapuram, Thazhava, Clappana and Oachira. The taluk is bound on the north by Kayamkulam, east by Kunnathur taluk, south by Kollam and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
About 400 years back there lived in Malabar (now North Kerala) a famous Muslim cleric. He had a disciple called Ali Hassan who was a mystic. With the blessings of the cleric Ali Hassan set out on a trip to the south. He first reached Oachira and from there a place called Puthiyakavu. The area was covered with dense forests and was believed to have been the preserve of a deadly black serpent. Fearing the serpent, people stayed away from the place. But Ali Hassan approached the king and requested that he be given some land here. The king gave him the area occupied by the black serpent. As Hassan was clearing the forests, the black serpent appeared but he skilfully caged it and took it to the king. The serpent escaped from the cage causing panic in the royal circles but Hassan again managed to cage it and took it back to the forest where he set it free. That was the last anyone had seen the serpent. A happy king allowed Hassan to build a mosque (Palli) at the place.[citation needed]
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Kasaragod district
Kasargod District (Malayalam: കാസര്ഗോഡ് ജില്ല)is one of the districts of the Indian state of Kerala. Kasargod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984. It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.Kasargod is the northernmost district of Kerala and world renowned for its coir and hand loom industries. The district has a coastline of around 293 kilometers and that why the livelihood of Kasargod people mainly depends on fisheries.The district is popular with the forts, rivers, hillocks, beaches and shrines here. The Kasargod District is uniquely known for its Linguistics Culture and it is the best example for the "Linguistic Harmony".
To its south lies Kannur District[കണ്ണൂര് ജില്ല ] and to the north the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. All along its east it is walled by the Western Ghats while along the west the Arabian Sea borders it. The district, covering an area of around 1992 km², has a population (2001 census) of 1,203,342 and has two taluks, namely, 75.13and Hosdurg; It has three municipalities (Kasargod, Kanhangad and Nileshwaram) and thirty-eight grama panchayats. The district is further sub-divided into six administrative segments called development blocks, namely, Manjeshwar, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, and Nileshwar, Parappa, Karadukka. Like other districts of Kerala, Kasargod district too has a high literacy rate, around 85.17% according to the 2001 census.
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Kayamkulam
For the of the feudal state of the same name, see Onattukara
Kayamkulam is a town and a municipality in Alappuzha district of the Indian state of Kerala. It was an ancient maritime trading centre. One of the largest power plants in Kerala, run by the NTPC, is in Kayamkulam. Krishnapuram Palace is located nearby and an old cashew factory.
Kayamkulam is closely associated with the legend of Kayamkulam Kochunni. He was a famed highwayman, active in the area known as Central Thiruvithamkoor, in the early part of the 19th century. He is said to have stolen from the rich and given to the poor (like Robin Hood). Legends about his exploits are part of the local folklore.
Historically very ancient rulers ruled in Kayamkulam. It was a kingdom under the Kayamkulam Rajas. Krishnapuram was their palace.During the regime of Marthanda varma, travancore attacked kayamkulam and put there palace on fire.At that place itself, he built a new palace . As the ancient country of kayamkulam had a huge army which was led by the great commandant ' Yeruvayil Achutha warrior' the huge Travancore army had fought for 3 times for capturing kayamkulam. Now thisPalace is a historical museum. Kayamkulam, Mavelikkara and Karunagappally were previously known as Onattukara. Oachira Parabrahma Temple and Chettikulangara Bhagavathy Temples are near Kayamkulam.
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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.
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Kochi
Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി, Kocci ?[koˈtʃːi] ( listen)), formerly Cochin, is a major port city on the west coast of India by the Arabian Sea. Kochi is part of the district of Ernakulam in the state of Kerala.
Kochi is often called by the name Ernakulam, which refers to the eastern part of the mainland Kochi. The civic body that governs the city is the Corporation of Cochin, which was constituted in the year 1967, and the statutory bodies that oversee its development are the Greater Cochin Development Authority and the Goshree Islands Development Authority.
The city of Kochi (pop. 601,574) is Kerala's largest city and is part of an extended metropolitan region (pop. 2.1 million), which is the largest urban agglomeration in Kerala. It is the most densely populated city in the state. Kochi city is also a part of Greater Cochin region and is classified as a B-1 grade city by the Government of India, making it the highest graded city in the state. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourists in Kerala. Kochi has been ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey conducted by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine.
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Kodungallur
Kodungallur (Malayalam: കൊടുങ്ങല്ലൂര്, anglicised name: Cranganore) is a municipality located in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India on the Malabar Coast. Kodungallur is 29 km northwest of Kochi and 38 km southwest of Thrissur, by National Highway 66.
The location of the ancient seaport Muziris was very close to Kodungallur. Kodungallur was also a part of Mahodayapuram, the capital of the Later Cheras. Being situated in Thrissur district, Corporation of Cochin has drafted a master plan that aims to develop Kodungallur as a satellite township to Kochi city.
The name Kodungallur is derived from Kodi-linga-puram ("the land of 10 million Siva lingas") according to common belief. Kodungallur was perhaps the revenue collection center of Kudakons (the Chera rulers) for the goods coming to the nearby port, hence the name Kudakonallur which later shortened to Kodungallur.
Kodungallur has had many names over the centuries:
During the time of the Chera dynasty, Muziris near present day Kodungallur was an important trade link in Indian maritime history. The region around Kodungallur can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between Cheras and the foreign world in the ancient and medieval periods. It also claims to have played an important part in fostering cultural relations and in laying the foundation of a composite culture in this part of the Chera country. Muziris was destroyed by massive flooding of Periyar in 14th century, opening for a new port called Kochi.
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Koduvayur
Koduvayur is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala state, south India. It is roughly around 10 km south of Palakkad town. It comes under Chittur Taluk of Palakkad district. About a quarter of the local population depends upon Koduvayur for their day-to-day needs like vegetables & other groceries, cloth and meat products as this place acts as a hub for merchandise coming from Coimbatore and Pollachi in Tamil Nadu. Most of the people there talk in Malayalam. Some also have Tamil as their mother tongue. But almost all of them can understand Tamil and may also be able to answer any queries made in Tamil. All nearby towns like Alathur, Nemmara, Palakkad, Chittoor, Trichur, Kollangode and Pollachi are easily accessible and well connected. Frequent buses are available to and from these places to Koduvayur Market. KSRTC operates long route buses to Trivandrum, Kochi and Coimbatore through here. Koduvayur is a business center for the south-west region of Palakkad district.
Road : You can reach Koduvayur from Palakkad town which is 11 km away. From NH-47, you may approach Koduvayur from Alathur (17 km away) or Kuzhalmannam (8 km away)
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Kollam
Kollam, often anglicized as Quilon, is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. The city lies on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake on the Arabian sea coast and is situated about 71 kilometres (44 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It is the headquarters of Kollam district and a prominent trade and commercial city.
Kollam is the fourth-largest city in Kerala, after Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, Kozhikode, {The new population is taken as city agglomeration} in Kerala on the basis of population and the fifth-largest city on the basis of area. It is known for cashew processing and coir manufacturing. It is considered to be the southern gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is a prominent tourist destination. The Kollam urban area comprises the fast developing suburban towns such as Kottiyam in the south, Kundara in the east, and Chavara in the north of the city. Other important towns in the city suburbs are Paravur, Eravipuram, Kannanalore, and Anchalumoodu. Karunagapally, Chathannoor, and Kottarakkara are major towns within a distance of 25 km from Kollam city centre towards north, south, and east respectively.
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Kollam district
Kollam district (formerly Quilon) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Arabian Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). Kollam is the capital of Kerala's cashew industry. Plains, mountains, lakes, lagoons and backwaters, forests, farmland and rivers make up the topography of the district. The area had trading relationships with Phoenicia and Ancient Rome. About 30 percent of the district is covered by Ashtamudi Lake, making it a gateway to the Kerala backwaters. The Thevalakara and Thekkumbagam panchyaths established the ancient korekini ("sea pointed inland") port of Tarsish in 1500 BC. Kollam is also known as The God's Own Capital.
Kollam district is located on the southwest coast of India, bordering Arabian Sea in the west, the state of Tamil Nadu in the east, Kerala district of Alappuzha in the north, Pathanamthitta in the northeast and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. It covers 2,492 square kilometres (962 sq mi), is the seventh-largest district in Kerala and is densely populated. Sasthamkotta Lake, the only freshwater lake in Kerala, is located in Kollam; this lake provides drinking water to the city of Kollam. Two major rivers (the Kallada and the Ithikkara) drain the district. Ashtamudi Lake and Paravur Kayal are two important lakes in the district. Ashtamudi Lake covers 30 percent of total area of the district. Kollam is located on Ashtamudi Lake. Neendakara, a major fishing port in southern Kerala, is also located on this scenic lake. Edava and Nadayara Lakes are also partly located in Kollam district.
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Kollengode
Kollengode is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala state, south India.
Kollengode, 19 km from Palakkad town, has endless green paddy fields, an ancient Vishnu temple and the Kollengode Palace, built in the traditional Kerala architectural style.
Kollengode enshrines the pristine beauty of rural Palakkad. The village gets its name from the blacksmith ('Kollen' in the native Malayalam language) community who live here.
Temples, Palace, yearly festivals, weekly grocery and brandy fair(Brandy Shop), Pollachi road('chantha') are among a few attractions in Kollengode. The predominant religion practiced is Hinduism. People from families belonging to Ezhava, Nair, Namboothiri, Mudaliar, Chettiar and Pathukudi communities.
Kollengode is home to the famous Kollengode Kovilakam and luminaries like late Carnatic musician K.V. Narayanaswamy (Palghat Kollengode Viswanatha Narayanaswamy), writer-bureaucrat Shashi Tharoor, late chenda exponents Kachamkuruichi Eacha Marar and Annan Marar,Late Leading South Indian Film Actor Raghuvaran, politician Achutha Menon (MLA) and numerologist Prof P.R. Piody to name a few. The eminent above persons are also well-versed in PORAATTUKALI also.
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Kottakkal
Kottakkal (literally Land of the Fort in Malayalam) is a municipal town in Malappuram district in Kerala, southern India having 32 wards. It is located 12 km south-west of Malappuram, the district headquarters, and 12 km from Tirur.
The National Highway 66 separates the municipality from Edarikkodu gram panchayat on some parts in the west. However, the fast developing Kottakkal urban area is now spread up to different parts of neighboring panchayats such as Edarikkodu.
Kottakkal is known for its ayurvedic institute, Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakkal, as well as its temple festival, Kottakkal Puram, celebrated over seven days during March–April months.
Kottakkal, formerly known as "Sweta Durgam" (the White Fort) in Sanskrit, "Venkalikotta" and "Venkitta Kotta" in Malayalam, was a military base of the Kingdom of Valluvanadu in the medieval period. It was under the control of the Karuvayoor Moosad, the chief marshal and preacher of the Moopil Nairs. It may be the forts and castles constructed by the Karuvayoor Moosad that were the origin of the name "Kottakkal". The suburbs of Kottakkal were known as Changuvettikkadu and Eyyakkadu (now Canguvetti is developing as a twin town to Kottakkal).
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Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara (Malayalam:കൊട്ടാരക്കര, IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and taluk in Kollam District (formerly known as Quilon), in Kerala state, India. The town is close to the Kollam port which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as a reputation for being an important commercial, industrial and trading center. It lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city center and 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west of Punalur city on National Highway 208/220.
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. Its fame is also due to Kathakali, the famous dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Tampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations. Other historical places of interest include the Ganapathi Temple and the over 700 year old Mar Thomas Church.
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Kottayam
Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2 and is the administrative capital of Kottayam district. Kottayam is located in south-central Kerala and has a population of 172,878 according to the 2001 census. . The city is approximately 150 km (93.2 mi) from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram.
The city is an important trading center of spices and commercial crops, especially rubber. Major Kerala print media such as Malayala Manorama, Deepika and Mangalam are headquartered in the town. Also a pioneering center of modern education in Kerala, the city became India's first city to achieve 100% literacy in 1989 and the district became the first tobacco free district in India on September 28, 2008. The city of Kottayam is also known as Akshara Nagari (അക്ഷര നഗരി) (City of Alphabets) in honor of its contributions to print media and literature.
Kottayam district has acquired it's name from Kottayam town which is the headquarters of the district. It is believed that the name Kottaya is derived from the combination of Malayalam words kott (fort) and akam (inside), and could be translated as "the interior of the fort".
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Kottayam district
Kottayam is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The district has its headquarters at Kottayam town, located at 9.36° N and 76.17° E. According to the 1991 census, it is the first district to achieve highest literacy rate in the whole of India. On 27 September 2008, Kottayam district also became the first tobacco free districts in India.
Bordered by the Western Ghats on the east and the Vembanad Lake and paddy fields of Kuttanad on the west, Kottayam has many unique characteristics. Panoramic backwater stretches, lush paddy fields, highlands, hills and hillocks, rubber plantations and places associated with many legends given Kottayam District the enviable title: The land of letters, legends, latex and lakes. The district is 15.35% urbanised.
Kottayam literally means the interior of a fort - Kotta + Akam. Rulers of Munjanad and Thekkumkur had their headquarters at Thazhathangadi near Kottayam town.[citation needed]Marthanda Varma of Travancore attacked Thekkumkur and destroyed the palace and the Thaliyil Fort. The remnants of the palaces and forts are still seen here.
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Koyilandy
Koyilandy (or Quilandy/Quilandi) is a city and a municipality in Kozhikode district in North Malabar region of the Indian state of Kerala. This town is between Calicut and Vatakara(Badagara) and is on NH 17. It is sometimes identified with Tyndis in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The freedom fighter K. Kelappan was born in a near-by village, Muchukunnu.[citation needed]
Koyilandy is located at 11°26′N 75°42′E / 11.43°N 75.70°E / 11.43; 75.70. It has an average elevation of 2 m (6.6 ft).
As of 2001[update] India census, Quilandy had a population of 68,970. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Quilandy has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Quilandy, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Koyilandy hookahs, traditional smoking pipes, of Calicut made in Koyilandy were famous across North India, Gulf and Pakistan. Prepared by Moosari, a coppersmith community, these Hookahs were once considered a pride of Koyilandy. However it is not so any more. But in Gulf countries, Koyilandy hookahs are still very popular as "Malabar Hookah".
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Kozhencherry
Kozhencherry is a census town in Pathanamthitta district of Central Travancore region (South Central Kerala) in Kerala state, South India. It is on the banks of river Pampa. It is a commercial centre with many of the Banks and trade companies have their establishments here. It is believed that once the Kovilans of Thekencore kingdom's ruled this area. Kozhencherry used to be a part of the erstwhile Travancore kingdom.
The district headquarters Pathanamthitta municipality is in the Kozhencherry Taluk. The other taluks are Tiruvalla, Mallapally, Ranni, and Adoor.
North, River Pampa; South, Thekkemala; East, Cherukole and West, Maramon.
Till the 19th century there were no proper roads in this area. The form of transportation was by boats. So the main market of Kozhencherry is near the river.
Now there are proper roads leading to all the small villages nearby. The T.K. Road (Tiruvalla-Pathanamthitta-Kumbazha Road/SH - 07) and M.K. Road (Mavelikkara-Kozhencherry Road) connects the town to other major towns. A bridge connecting Kozhencherry and Maramon was opened in 1948.
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Kozhikode district
Kozhikode District (Malayalam: കോഴിക്കോട് ജില്ല), formerly Calicut, is a district of Kerala state, situated on the southwest coast of India. The city of Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is the district headquarters. The district is 38.25% urbanised. [2]
Kozhikode district is bordered by the districts of Kannur to the north, Wayanad to the east, and Malappuram to the south.The Arabian Sea lies to the west. It is situated between latitudes 11° 08'N and 11° 50'N and longitudes 75° 30'E and 76° 8'E.
The district is divided into three taluks; Vadakara, Koyilandy, and Kozhikode and One Revenue Division ,Kozhikode.
Present-day Kozhikode District was among the territories ceded to the British East India Company by Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1792, at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War. The newly-acquired British possessions on the Malabar Coast were organized into Malabar District, which included present-day districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, and Wayanad. Calicut served as the administrative headquarters of the district. Malabar District was part of the Madras Presidency, a province of British India.
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Kunnamkulam
Kunnamkulam is a municipal town situated in the Thrissur District of Kerala in India, spread over an area of 6.96 km2. It is an old commercial town, with an ancient history, famous for its printing and book binding industry. It is the chief centre of the Orthodox Christians in the Kerala state. In the past the town was called Kunankulangara and references can be seen in lot of British Archives about a neat and prosperous town which was predominantly Christian. Over the years Kunnamkulam has become a meeting point for all religions.
The word Kunnamkulam means kunnu (mountain) and kulam (ponds). The terrain condition and geomorphology of the area itself lead to the name. There are several hills there namely Aduputty,Cherukunnu, Kizhoor, Kakkad etc. while the same is interspersed with ponds namely Eeenjakulam, Iyyankulam, Madurakulam etc. Kunnamkulam town has its remote antiquity and evident from the history and it was a part of Mahodayapattanam, the capital of Chera Dynasty. It is written in history about the crossinstalled by Thomas the Apostle, at Chattukulangara (a part of Arthat in Kunnamkulam). During the invasion of Tippu Sultan the Christians from Chattakulangara migrated to Kunnamkulam town.
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Kunnathunad
Kunnathunad is a village in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kunnathunad had a population of 20500 with 10290 males and 10210 females.
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Kuthuparamba
Kuthuparamba is a town and a municipality in Kannur district in the Kerala state of the country India.
Kuttuparamba has an average elevation of 76 m (249 ft). Kuthuparamba name derives from "kuthu" -a folk dance and "paramba" means ground; this is the place where art performance took place in the time of Pazhassi raja.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kuthuparamba had a population of 29,532. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. Kuthuparamba has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 87%, and female literacy is 84%. In Kuhuparamba, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kuthuparamba assembly constituency is part of Vadakara Lok Sabha constituency. The present MP of Vadakara Lok Sabha constituency is Shri. Mullapally Ramachandran Indian National Congress.The present MLA of Koothuparamba assembly constituency is Shri. K. P. Mohanan (Socialist Janatha Party), who is the present Agriculture Minister of the Kerala Assembly.
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Kuttanad
Kuttanadu (Malayalam: കുട്ടനാട്) is a region in the district of Alappuzha, in the state of Kerala, India, well known for its picturesque vast paddy fields and its geographical peculiarities. It's the region with the lowest altitude in India, and one of the few places in the world where farming is carried out below sea level. It’s also one of the historically important places in the ancient history of South India.
There is no recorded history on the origin of this land. But the oral history among local people, transferred from generation to generation is a blend of myths and legends. There is reference to Kuttanad in the epic Mahabharata of ancient India. During their exile, the five Pandava princes are said to have traveled through this land. In those days, Kuttanad was part of a dense forest, later destroyed by a forest fire which is also mentioned in the epic. Thus came the place name Chuttanad or the burnt place. In course of time Chuttanad became Kuttanad. One can still see kari or coal if we dig deep into the soil of Kuttanad, pointing to the fact that the place was once a forest, destroyed by wild fire. In Kuttanad most of the place names end in kari. Some familiar place names are Ramankary, Puthukkary, Oorukkary, Mitrakkary, Mampuzhakkary, Kainakari, Chathurthiakary and Chennamkari. It is also said that kuttanad was once under the sea.the proof is the land is flourished with seashells.
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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.
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Malampuzha
Malampuzha is a mini hydoro-electric project built across Malampuzha river (a tributary of Bharathapuzha) in Palakkad district of Kerala, South India. It is also the biggest irrigation project in Kerala with a large network of canal systems. It is also one of Kerala's major tourist spots. Malampuzha dam, the biggest irrigation reservoir in Kerala, is celebrating its Golden Jubilee year in October, starting with Tourism Week and Onam celebrations in September.
Malampuzha Dam has brought prosperity to the district, making Palakkad the `rice bowl of Kerala'. Paddy is cultivated in 50,000 acres (200 km2) in two seasons each using waters from the Malampuzha dam.
The Malampuzha Garden and reservoir have a scenic setting with the forested hills of Western Ghats forming the backdrop, making it one of the foremost tourism centres in the State.
The dam across Malampuzha river has a total length of 2,069 metres. Of this, masonry dam has a length of 1,849 metres while the earthen dam covers the length of 220 metres. The catchment area of the dam is 147.63 km². Its storage capacity is 236.69 cubic metres. The full reservoir level of the dam is 115.06 m (375.15 ft)and Gross Storage at FRL is 226 mm3.
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Malampuzha Dam
Malampuzha Dam is the largest reservoir in Kerala, located near Palakkad in south India with the scenic hills of the Western Ghats in the background. It is a combination of a masonry dam with a length of 1,849 metres and an earthen dam with a length of 220 metres. The dam is 6,066 feet high and crosses the Malampuzha River, a tributary of Bharathappuzha, Kerala's second longest river. There is a network of two canal systems that serve the dam's reservoir of 42,090 hectares.
The dam project was begun in 1949 and completed in 1955. The total catchments area is 145 square kilometres, while the reservoir has a capacity of 8000 square meters of water. The canal systems serve to irrigate farm land while the reservoir provides drinking water to Palakkad and surrounding villages.
Location: 10 km from Palakkad town, North Kerala. Attractions: Dam, amusement park, boating facilities, rock garden and ropeway.
Malampuzha, a little township on the foothills of the Western Ghats takes its name from the River Malampuzha. Nurtured by this tributary of Kerala's longest river, the Bharathappuzha, Malampuzha is a lush green town is a major tourist attraction for its trekking trails and the large irrigation dam.
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Malappuram
Malappuram is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 33.61 km2. The first Municipality in the district formed in the year 1970, Malappuram serves as the administrative headquarters of Malappuram district. Divided into 40 electoral wards, city has a density of population of 1478 per km2. As per the 2011 census Malappuram Urban Agglomeration is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Kerala state with a total population of 16,98,645. Malappuram, in malayalam, means 'On top of the hills'. Malappuram is situated 50 km southeast of Kozhikode and 90 km northwest of Palakkad on the Kozhikode (Calicut) - Chennai road (NH 213) which joins NH 47 in Palakkad.
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Malappuram district
Malappuram district (/mʌlʌppʊrʌm dʒɪlla/) is a district in the state of Kerala, south India with headquarters at the town of Malappuram. The district was formed on 16 June 1969.
The classic medieval center of Vedic learning and local politics, Thirunavaya, home of the traditional Ayurveda medicine, Kottakkal and one of the oldest centre of education of Islam the region, Ponnani are situated in Malappuram district along with rapidly expanding towns like Manjeri, Perinthalmanna, Chemmad and Edappal. In 1921, present day Malappuram district witnessed a series of devastating revolts and massacres known as the Moplah rebellions, followed by decades of frozen economical, social, and political development. In the early years of the Communist rule in Kerala, Malappuram saw large land reforms under the Land Reform Ordinance. In the 1970s, huge oil reserves of Persian gulf were opened to commercial extraction, and thousands of unskilled people migrated to "the Gulf" seeking fortunes. They sent money home, propping up a sleepy rural economy, and by late 20th century, the region had achieved first-world health standards and near universal literacy. The present development, both economical and social, of the Malappuram District owes to the Kerala Gulf diaspora.
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Manjeri
Manjeri (Malayalam: മഞ്ചേരി) is a town and municipality in Malappuram District in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated 12 km from Malappuram 30 km from Karipur International Airport and 50 km from Kozhikode railway station.
Manjeri was a centre of Indian national movements. Anakkayam, 4 km from Manjeri, and Nellikuth, 6 km from Manjeri were major centres of Malabar Rebellion of 1921. Nellikuth is the birth place of Ali Musliyar, the rebel leader. Anti-British revolts tool place in 1790 in and around Manjeri.
Manjeri is the one of Kerala’s biggest municipalities. Manjeri Municipality is a local self-government institution with a jurisdiction of three villages, Manjeri, Payyanad and Narukara. District court and General hospital are located at Manjeri.
Ali Musliyar Erikunnan who fought against the British rule was a native of Nellikkuth near Manjeri.
The eastern side of Manjeri town is a hilly area. FM station of All India Radio "College Kunnu" is a located on hill, where the N.S.S. College is also situated. Towards the south lie Vettekode and Pullancheri. Prominent schools such as Chinmaya Vidyalaya , and Noble Public School are located at Vettekode. The famous Kunnath Temple is on the way to Vettekode. Pullancheri is a beautiful place with hills, lush scenery, dam and Kadalundy River. This river starts from the eastern border of Malappuram district called Karuvarakundu and flows into the Arabian Sea.
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Mannarkkad
Mannarkkad (Malayalam: മണ്ണാ൪ക്കാട്) formerly known as Mannarghat, is a town in the Palakkad district of Kerala State, South India. It is the headquarters of Mannarkkad Taluk, and is one of the largest revenue Taluks in Kerala. It is situated 40 km north-east of the district headquarters Palakkad, on the way to Kozhikkode (NH 213) and in the foothills of the Western Ghats. Silent Valley (a tropical evergreen rain forest with an unbroken evolutionary history of 50 million years) is only 35 km from Mannarkkad.
Mannarkkad Taluk, consisting 25 villages, is the first fully computerized Revenue Taluk office, designed as India's first Paperless Government office. All land revenue administrative works are being carried out through on line software called Taluk Suite and Village Suite. Sri A Unnikrishnan is the present Tahsildar of Mannarkkad Taluk.
Mannarkkad has memories of the invasion of Tippu Sultan and Mopila riot. In 1921, hundreds of people lost their lives. The former Ruler/Desavazhi of Mannarkkad is known as 'Mannarkkadu Muppil Nair'. He was a 'Samantha' under 'Valluvakonathiri' of Valluvanadu. The famous novel 'PONNI' written by Malayatoor Ramakrishnan, is based on the 'Adivasis' of Mannarkkadu. The Sandalwood smuggler 'Veerappan' used 'Shiruvani Forests' of Mannarkkadu Muppil Nairs as his shelter.
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Mavelikkara
Mavelikkara is a town and municipality in the Alappuzha district of the Indian state of Kerala. It is located in the southern part of the district on the banks of the Achankovil, and is one of the oldest municipalities of the state[citation needed]. It also has a very strong historical and cultural background; Chettikulangara Devi Temple, known for its famous Kumbha Bharani festival, is located there, and it is home to one of the 108 Shiva temples of Kerela created by Lord Parasurama, Kandiyoor Mahadeva Temple (popularly known as Dakshina Kashi). It was also a major place of trade and commerce in ancient Kerala and the erstwhile capital of the rulers of Onattukara.
According to the 2001 Indian census, Mavelikara has a population of 28,440. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. The average literacy rate is 86%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 87% and female literacy is 85%. Approximately 10% of the population is under 6 years old.
Some of the industries in and around Mavelikkara are:
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Meenachil
Meenachil is the name of the north-eastern region of Kottayam district in Kerala, south India. The name originates from Meenakshi the Dravidian goddess. Palai is the main town in Meenachil. The arterial river of the district is also named Meenachil. The river finds mention in Arundhati Roy's Booker Prize winning novel, The God of Small Things.
The river Meenachil, also known as Kavanar, originates at vagamon in the Western Ghats of Kerala, flows westward through Erattupetta, Palai, Kidangoor, Ettumanoor and Kottayam. Its length is about 87 kilometers. Near Kottayam it splits into a number of distributaries before emptying into the Vembanad Lake. Kumarakom, the bird sanctuary and tourist resort is on one such branch.
The current Meenachil taluk was a principality under the local chieftains, the Meenachil Karthas (also known as Njavakkat Karthas) before Marthanda Varma annexed it to Travancore in 1754. The name of the place comes from Goddess Meenakshi, the deity of the Karthas. Veera Kerala Damodara Simhar was a chieftain belonging to this family. The southern bank of the river was the kingdom of Thekkumkoor, the capital of which was Changanassery, and the northern bank, that of Vadakkumkoor, with its capital at Kaduthuruthy. The Poonjar royal family also held sway over significant areas of the district towards the east.
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Mukundapuram taluk
Mukundapuram Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Trissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. The headquarters of the taluk is Irinjalakuda.
It comprises 45 villages and two municipalities.
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Muvattupuzha
Muvattupuzha (Malayalam: മുവാറ്റുപുഴ) is a municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is a junction of three districts namely Ernakulam, Kottayam and Idukki. The town is bordered by Kottayam district on southern side and Idukki district on eastern side approximately 20 km from the town. Muvattupuzha is situated 42 km northeast of Kochi city on NH 49 (Cochin-Madurai-Rameshwaram national highway) and lies on the popular Cochin-Munnar hill station tourist route.
Muvattupuzha was part of the Vadakkumkoor Kingdom until it was captured by the Travancore Kingdom, now merged into the state of Kerala. Old documents show that the lands of Muvattupuzha belonged to ‘Edappally Swaroopam’, but were later transferred to ‘Manas’ (Brahmin Families).
According to tradition, St. Thomas, the Apostle of Jesus Christ who introduced Christianity to India is believed to have visited this region. The St. Mary's Church of Arakuzha has a recorded history of over 1000 years, making it one of the oldest churches in Kerala. It is known for its paintings and sculptures. Muvattupuzha was also known as " Arakuzha Pakuthi"(half of arakuzha)
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Mysore
Mysore (i/ˈmaɪsɔər/; Maisūru in Kannada) is the second-largest city in the state of Karnataka, India. Located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km (91 mi) southwest of the state capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of 128.42 km2 (50 sq mi). According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census of India, the population of Mysore is 887,446 and Hinduism is its major religion. Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city, which is also the headquarters of the Mysore district and the Mysore division.
Until 1947, Mysore served as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore. The kingdom was ruled by the Wodeyar dynasty, except for a brief period in the late 18th century when Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan usurped power. Patrons of art and culture, the Wodeyars contributed significantly to the cultural growth of the city. The cultural ambience and achievements of Mysore earned it the sobriquet Cultural capital of Karnataka.
Mysore is noted for its palaces including the Mysore Palace, and the festivities that take place during the Dasara festival when the city receives a large number of tourists. It lends its name to the Mysore style of painting, the sweet dish Mysore Pak, the Mysore Peta (a traditional silk turban) and the garment known as the Mysore silk saree. Tourism is the major industry, while information technology has emerged as a major employer alongside the traditional industries. With no airport, Mysore depends on rail and bus transport for inter-city connections. The city was the location of the first private radio station in India. Mysore houses Mysore University which has produced several notable authors, particularly in the field of Kannada literature. Cricket is the most popular sport in the city.
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Nedumangad
Nedumangad is a municipality in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located around 20 km to the north-east of Thiruvananthapuram city on the Thiruvananthapuram — Thenmala State Highway. It is an important centre for the commercial trade in pepper and rubber. A wholesale market set up by the Department of Agriculture (with the assistance of the European Union) is also situated there.
Nedumangad is located at 8°36′N 77°00′E / 8.6°N 77.0°E / 8.6; 77.0. It has an average elevation of 68 metres (223 feet).
It lies 18 km from Thiruvananthapuram (or Trivandrum) on the way to Ponmudi hill resort. It is the capital of the taluk, and is unique for having no coastal belt or railway lines.[clarification needed]
It is bounded on the west by Trivandrum Taluk, on the east by the State of Tamil Nadu, on the south by Neyyattinkara Taluk and on the north by Kollam District.
Agasthyarkoodam, a mountain preserve famous for its abundant ayurvedic herbs and medicinal plants is around 50 km away. About 32 km from Nedumangad, en route to the Ponmudi Hill Resort lies the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, which is of particular interest to ornithologists. Near Nedumangad town another Monolithic - Thiruchittapara is located. With Siva Vishnu Temple, lots of monkeys congregated this place. The name Nedumangadu means kadu (forest) of Vishnu, who was called Neduman, Neduvan, and Nediyavan in ancient texts like Chilappadikaram.
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Nedumangad taluk
Nedumangad Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It situated in the eastern part of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It comprises 28 villages and one municipality.
It is bounded on the west by Trivandrum Taluk, on the east by the State of Tamil Nadu, on the south by Neyyattinkara Taluk and on the north by Kollam District.
There are 28 villages and one Municipality are in the taluk.
Anad, Aruvikkara, Aryanad, Kallara, Karakulam, Koliyakode, Kurupuzha, Manikkal, Mannoorkara, Nedumangad, Nellanad, Palode, Panavoor, Pangode, Peringamala, Perumkulam, Pullampara, Theakada, Thennoor, Tholicode, Uzhamalackal, Vamanapuram, Vattappara, Veeranakavu, Vellanad, Vembayam, Vithura.
There is only one municipality, Nedumangad, which is also the headquarters of the taluk.
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Nelliampathi
Nelliampathi is a popular hill station 60 km away from Palakkad in Kerala, a small state in south India. It is surrounded by tea and coffee plantations and has excellent weather conditions. The journey to Nelliampathi itself is an experience. The only route is from Nemmara, from where the first town of Nelliampathi, namely Kaikatty junction, is at a distance of 26 km. At the 9th kilometer is the Pothundi Dam, a small irrigation dam which provides water for the rice fields in the surrounding area. The dam is at the foot of the Nelliampathi hills. From here, the road winds up for the next 17 km, with many hairpin turns on the way. Immediately after Pothundy dam, comes the government forest, where one can see massive teak trees. The road is very narrow and requires a skilled driver behind the wheel. On the way, one can see wild animals like monkey, deer and porcupine. The view of the Pothundy dam from the height is a breathtaking sight. There will be many waterfalls by the roadside during the rainy season.
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Nemmara
Nemmara is a village in Palakkad district of the state of Kerala in India. Nemmara and Vallangi form the two parts of this village.
It is situated on the Trissur Pollachi route. From here, one can go to Tamil Nadu via Kollengode and Govindapuram to reach the town of Pollachi. The district headquarters is 30 km away. Nemmara is the entry point to Nelliampathi, which is situated 30 km away. Pothundi Dam is 9 km from Nemmara on the way to Nelliampathi.Ayalur is a village near Nemmara which is well known for Temples and festivals like "AYALUR VELA" and "RADHOLSAVAM".Ariyakode is yet another beautiful village in Nemmara which is blessed with scenic paddy fields and huge rocks.This place has been a major location for many cine shooting too. Its the town where sharthik shivakumar born and living.
The two villages of Nemmara and Vallangi were important trade centres in the past. In fact, the name Nemmara is believed to have been originated from the words 'nai maariya ooru', meaning 'the place where ghee was traded'. Another possible source might be 'nenmaniyude ara', which means 'the store room of rice.'
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Neyyattinkara
Neyyattinkara is municipality in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. The name 'Neyyattinkara' in Malayalam literally means the shore (kara) of Neyyar River. Neyyar River flows from Agasthyarkoodam, the highest peak (1868m above MSL) in southern end of the Western Ghats.
The municipality of Neyyattinkara is the major town on the banks of Neyyar River. Neyyattinkara lies 18 km to the south of Thiruvananthapuram city on the National Highway 47 to Kanyakumari. The rapidly growing Thiruvananthapuram city has almost reached its outskirts. The town is mostly residential, with lots of service sector establishments.
Aruvippuram, the holy land of Sree Narayana Guru is an important pilgrim centre near Neyyattinkara. Neyyar Dam is another popular picnic spot near Neyyattinkara .
Neyyattinkara is located at 8°24′N 77°05′E / 8.4°N 77.08°E / 8.4; 77.08. It has an average elevation of 26 metres (85 feet).
The town is situated on the Neyyar River, one of the principal rivers in the district. Topography of the town is rather uneven, with higher areas in the downtown. Nearby the town is the hillock at Aruvippuram. The town is scenically sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
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Neyyattinkara taluk
Neyyattinkara Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It situated in the Southern part of the Thiruvananthapuram district. It comprises 29 villages and one municipality.
There are 29 villages and one Municipality are in the taluk.
Amboori, Anavoor, Athiyannur, Chenkal, Kallikkad, Kanjiramkulam, Karode, Karumkulam, Keezharoor, Kollayil, Kottukal, Kulathoor, Kulathummal, Kunnathukal, Malayinkeezhu, Maranalloor, Neyyattinkara, Ottasekharamangalam, Pallichal, Parassala, Parasuvaikkal, Perumkadavila, Thirupuram, Vazhichal, Vellarada, Vilappil, Vilavoorkkal, Vizhinjam.
There is only one municipality, Neyyattinkara, which is also the headquarters of the taluk.
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Nilambur
Nilambur (Malayalam: നിലമ്പൂര്) is a municipality and a taluk in the Malappuram district of Kerala, South India. It is famous for its forests, especially its wildlife habitats, rivers, waterfalls and teak plantations. It is situated close to the Nilgiris range of the Western Ghats on the banks of the Chaliyar River. It is about 40 kilometres from Malappuram city and 24 kilometres from Manjeri on the Kozhikode–Ooty road. Nilambur is also an Assembly Constituency.
The town of Nilambur is famous for the Nilambur Vettekkoru Makan Paattu (Or simply Nilambur Paattu)held every year in the Nilambur Kovilakom Temple (a Hindu temple). Nilambur is also home to the oldest teak plantation in the world, called Conolly's Plot. It is claimed that the world's tallest or biggest teak tree is in the Nilambur Teak Preserve. Nilambur is also famous for its bamboos. The name "Nilambur" means 'Place of Nilimba' (a Sanskrit word for bamboo). This region is suitable for planting teak and grows well here. Teak grown here is having good quality and hence Nilambur Teak has good demand all over the world. Some nearby places are Chungathara, Pookkottumpadam and Edakkara. People here are almost in equal ratio of Hindu, Muslims and Christians. Most people are engaged in agriculture and business. It is a place where a huge number of Christians migrated during 1940s and 50s. Nilambur is the place where a large number of Christians of all denominations live in Malabar.
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Nileshwaram
Nileshwaram (Malayalam: നീലേശ്വരം), also known as Nileshwar, is a municipality and a town in Kasaragod District of Kerala state, South India. It is one of the three municipalities of Kasaragod district, the other two being Kasaragod and Kanhangad. Nileshwar is the third major town in kasargod district. Nileshwaram lies between two rivers, Nileshwaram and Karyangodu. To the west is the Arabian Sea.
The name "Nileshwaram" comes from one of the names of Lord Shiva, Neelakanteshwaran ("Blue-necked One"), or from Neelakandeswaran, denoting land of Lord Siva. There is another story that the place was named so after Sage Neela, who installed the deity of Lord Siva thousands of years ago.
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North Malabar
North Malabar (Malayalam: ഉത്തര മലബാര്/വടക്കേ മലബാര്), is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé Sub-Division of Union Territory of Pondicherry.
Majority of North Malabar (except Mahé) remained as one of the two administrative divisions of Malabar District (an administrative district of British India under Madras Presidency) till 1947 and later part of India's Madras State till 1956. Mahé remained under French jurisdiction until 13 June 1954. On November 1, 1956, the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act merging the Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin [excluding four southern taluks, which were merged with Tamil Nadu], and the of Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara District.
The area of North Malabar begins at Korapuzha in the south and ends at Manjeshwaram in the north of Kerala and traditionally comprises erstwhile princely principalities and fiefdoms of Kolathu Nadu, Kadatha Nadu and southern parts of Tulu Nadu.
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North Paravur
North Paravur (Malayalam :വടക്കൻ പറവൂർ, also Paravur, Paravoor) formerly known as Parur is a town, municipality in Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is an old and growing municipality. Paravur is the capital of Paravur Taluk in Ernakulam district. Though considered a part of Kochi for all practical purposes, the town is 17 km away from Edappally in city of Kochi. The ancient seaport of India Muziris is located in Pattanam village 3 km away from town. It is a northern suburb of Kochi City.
The coastal highway NH-17 Ernakulam – Manglore- Mumbai (Proposed NH-66 Panvel-Kanyakumari) passes through this town. The National Waterway – 3 Kollam – Ernakulam – Kottapuram passes through the western end of the taluk. North Paravur is considered as the gateway to Cherai beach which is 6 km away from Paravur town.
This town had been an old trading post and has a Jewish synagogue and had a thriving Jewish community before their conversion to Syrian Christians in the first century and their resettlement in Israel after its establishment. Cochin Jews lived in the towns of Kochi, Ernakulam and North Paravur.
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Olavakkode
Olavakkode is a region in Palakkad city, Kerala, India. It is composed of two main areas: the Kavilpad and the Railway Colony. Olavakkode is 4 km from the Palakkad Municipal Bus Terminus.
The railway has been very important to the growth and development of Olavakkode. The main railway station in the city Palakkad Junction is situated here. It is also the entry point by road from the North Malabar.
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Ottapalam
Ottapalam (Malayalam: ഒറ്റപ്പാലം) is a town in Palakkad district of Kerala state in India. It is also the headquarters of Ottapalam taluk. Situated on the banks of the Bharathappuzha river (also called the Nila or Perar), it has a rich cultural heritage and has played host to many historic events. It is famous for having several films shot here. Being headquarters of the taluk of the same name, it is one of the municipalities of the district. Chinakathoor Pooram held every year at Chinakathoor Kavu Temple is a famous event. It used to be a major town of Nedunganad and later became part of Valluvanad Taluk during the reign of the Zamorins of Calicut. Ottapalam is connected to India's railway network by Shornur-Palakkad railway line. The principal spoken language is Malayalam.
Ottapalam is located at 10°46′N 76°23′E / 10.77°N 76.38°E / 10.77; 76.38. It has an average elevation of 54 metres (177 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Ottappalam had a population of 49,230. Males constitute 47% of the population and females 53%. It has an average literacy rate of 81%, which is significantly higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 84% and female literacy 80%. Nearly 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Palai
Pala (Malayalam: പാലാ, also written as Palai), is a municipal town 27 km east of Kottayam in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 15.93 km2. Pala has the largest proportion of Saint Thomas Christian community in Kerala. It is situated 173 km North from the state capital Thiruvananthapuram, on the banks of the Meenachil River and is the headquarters of the Meenachil Taluk and the Pala Revenue Division. It is the one of the main gateways to the southern high ranges of Western Ghats.
There are various versions regarding the origin of the place name. According to one, Pala gets its name from Palazhi (Ksheera Sagara), the mythological Ocean of milk from which nectar was churned out. Another view is that the name was derived from Palathu Chettiyar families, the prominent early settlers of the region.
Pala was part of the erstwhile princely state of Travancore, and was ruled by the "Travancore Rajas" for a long time. The local chieftains were "Meenachil Karthas". The first royal Kartha families were known as Njavakattu Karthas. They had a title called "Damodara Simhar" and they were rulers of a small kingdom called "Meenachil" which is today's Palai (Kottayam district).
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Palakkad
Palakkad pronunciation (help·info), previously known as Palghat, is a large town and municipality in the state of Kerala in southern India, spread over an area of 26.60 km2 and is the administrative headquarters of the Palakkad District. Palakkad is the seventh most populous city in Kerala and lies near the Palghat Gap, a pass or natural depression through the Western Ghats ranges, and connects Kerala to the plains of the state of Tamil Nadu to the east. The city is situated about 350 kilometres (217 mi) north of state capital Thiruvananthapuram and 49 kilometres (30 mi) south west of Coimbatore.
Kerala would have an IIT in Palakkad under the 12th five-year plan. The land belonging to the Instrumentation Limited in Palakkad was finally chosen for the project.Since the IITs are set up by an act of Parliament, the whole process is the centre's prerogative, and the state government has only a limited role.
To the east lies Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu. Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap, in the Western Ghats.
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Palakkad district
Palakkad District (Malayalam: പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല) is one of the 14 districts of the Indian state of Kerala. The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram District, on the southwest by the Thrissur District and on the east by Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The district is 13.62% urbanised. The district is nicknamed "the granary of Kerala".
In earlier times, Palakkad was also known as Palakkattussery. Some etymologists trace the word "Palakkad" from the word Palai nilam, which means "dry lands". The commonly held belief, however, is that the name is a fusion of two Malayalam words, Pala, a tree (Alstonia scholaris) that is found abundantly in Palakkad, and Kadu, which means forest.[citation needed]
In earlier days, Palakkad along with most parts of Kerala were under the rule of the Chera kings (Perumals). With the decline of Chera dynasty, parts of this district were ruled by Palakkad Rajas who were believed to be a branch of Zamorins (Samudiri Rajavamsam) of Calicut who later declared independence. Some parts were under Kollengode Rajas of Vengunad and the Valluvanad part of the district was ruled by Valluvakonathiris (who are considered to be descendants of a branch of Pallava dynasty who might have ruled parts of Kerala at an earlier date). For a brief period, some areas of the district near Chittur came under the attack of the nearby Kongu king when the local people resisted the Kongu invasion successfully.
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Palakkad District
Palakkad District (Malayalam: പാലക്കാട് ജില്ല) is one of the 14 districts of the Indian state of Kerala. The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram District, on the southwest by the Thrissur District and on the east by Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The district is 13.62% urbanised. The district is nicknamed "the granary of Kerala".
In earlier times, Palakkad was also known as Palakkattussery. Some etymologists trace the word "Palakkad" from the word Palai nilam, which means "dry lands". The commonly held belief, however, is that the name is a fusion of two Malayalam words, Pala, a tree (Alstonia scholaris) that is found abundantly in Palakkad, and Kadu, which means forest.[citation needed]
In earlier days, Palakkad along with most parts of Kerala were under the rule of the Chera kings (Perumals). With the decline of Chera dynasty, parts of this district were ruled by Palakkad Rajas who were believed to be a branch of Zamorins (Samudiri Rajavamsam) of Calicut who later declared independence. Some parts were under Kollengode Rajas of Vengunad and the Valluvanad part of the district was ruled by Valluvakonathiris (who are considered to be descendants of a branch of Pallava dynasty who might have ruled parts of Kerala at an earlier date). For a brief period, some areas of the district near Chittur came under the attack of the nearby Kongu king when the local people resisted the Kongu invasion successfully.
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Palakkad Fort
Palakkad Fort (Tipu's Fort) is an old fort situated in the heart of Palakkad town of Kerala state, southern India. It was built by Haider Ali in 1766 ACE and remains one of the best preserved forts in Kerala.
The Palakkad Fort is said to have existed from very ancient times, but believed to be constructed in present form in 1766 A.D, but little is known of its early history. The local ruler, Palakkad Achchan, was originally a tributary of the Zamorin, but had become independent before the beginning of the eighteenth century. In 1757 he sent a deputation to Haider Ali seeking help against an invasion threatened by the Zamorin. Haider Ali seized upon the opportunity to gain possession of a strategically important location such as Palghat, and from that time until 1790 the fort was continually in the hands of the Mysore Sultans or the British. It was first taken by the latter in 1768 when Colonel Wood captured it during his raid on Haider Alis's fortresses, but it was retaken by Haider a few months later. It was recaptured by Colonel Fullarton in 1783, after a siege that lasted eleven days but was abandoned the following year. It later fell into the hands of the Zamorin’s troops. In 1790 it was finally captured by the British under Colonel Stuart. It was renovated and was used as a base for operations that ended with the storming of Srirangapatnam. The fort continued to be garrisoned until the middle of 19th century. In the early 1900s it was converted into a taluk office.
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Paravur Taluk
Paravur Taluk is a taluk of Ernakulam District of the Indian State of Kerala. North Paravur is the capital of the taluk. Paravur Taluk lies in the north western part of Ernakulam district bordering Thrissur district. The surrounding taluks are Kochi to the west consisting of Vypin Island, Kodungallore to the north, Aluva to the east consisting of Angamaly,Nedumbassery and Aluva, Kanayanur to the south consisting of Cochin City. Paravur is a part of Kochi urban agglomeration area. The western parts of taluk are coastal areas with cultivations like prawn and pokkali rice. The eastern parts are fertile lands. The heavy industries of Kochi is located in Udyogmandal area of the taluk.
The Block Panchayats are Paravur and Alengad.
Paravur constituency consists of
Kalamassery constituency consists of
Paravur, Kalamassery constituencies belong to Ernakulam Parliamentary constituency.
These are the towns other than panchayat headquarters.
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Pattambi
Pattambi is one of the major town in the Palakkad district of the state of Kerala, South India. The place got its name from Batta Nambi. Once under Nedunganad Samanthas of Chera Kings. Later on Samoothiri(Zamorin) Raja annexed this place to his country and kept under the control of Eralpad Raja, the second Raja of Calicut.
Pattambi (പട്ടാമ്പി)is well-known for its cultural importance. Situated in the banks of River Bharathappuzha (also known as Nila River),Old Name was Nethirimangalam it is a junction that connects roads from Ottapalam , Perumbilavu and Perinthalmanna.pattambi town is situated at the banks of Nila river. Malayalam is official language.but, Hindi, Tamil, is also understood due to significant number of migrants from other states.English is also used.
River Bharathappuzha flows through Pattambi and the nearby Panchayats. Renowned writers such as M.T. Vasudevan Nair and Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri have been influenced by the Nila River's beauty. Continued sand mining of the river's beds, however, has tarnished its beauty. The mining also disrupts the river bed and causes reeds and river grass to grow, which obstruct water flow. Frequent droughts have resulted from this continuous sand mining, due to a fall in the water table. The sand lobby influences the police force and other authorities.[citation needed]Police officers and other officials who objected to the mining lost their jobs.[citation needed].
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Peermade
Peermade(പീരുമേട്), also transliterated as Perumade, Peerumed, Peerumade or Peermede, is a hill station in the state of Kerala, India. It is high in the Western Ghats, 915 metres above sea level, and 85 km east of Kottayam on the way to Thekkady.
The landscape of Peermade includes spectacular waterfalls, open grass lands and pine forests. It was once the summer retreat of the Maharajas of Travancore. Tamil people are the most majority in peermade .
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, one of the largest wildlife reserves in India, is 43 km away. It has herds of elephants and other wildlife as well as lakes.
The name is sometimes related to the Sufi saint, Peer Mohammed, or means "hill of the Peer"(പീരുമേട്).
The area is very fertile and the area had until recently lush plantations of coffee, tea, cardamon, and coconut. The area, with a long history of spice growing, now concentrates on producing organic black pepper, white pepper, ginger and turmeric.
At a recent show spice growers from Peermade displayed samples of organically grown spices like cardamom, black pepper, white pepper, nutmeg, mace, cloves, turmeric, ginger, vanilla beans, vanilla powder and herbs like oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary. Oils of thyme and rosemary were also displayed.
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Perumbavoor
Perumbavoor (Malayalam: പെരുമ്പാവൂർ) is a satellite town of Kochi city and a municipality in Ernakulam District in the Indian state of Kerala. It lies in the North Eastern tip of the Greater Cochin area and is also the headquarters of Kunnathunad Taluk. It is a Main Satellite Centres of Kochi City. Perumbavoor is famed in the state for wood industries and small-scale industries. Ernakulam lies 33 km southwest of Perumbavoor. The town lies between Angamaly and Muvattupuzha on the Main Central Road (MC), which connects Thiruvananthapuram to Angamaly through the old Travancore part of Kerala. Perumbavoor lies in the banks of rivers Periyar and Muvattupuzha.
It is one of the most strategically located industrially developing towns in Kerala, since its close to Ernakulam, where the city grows further towards east. There are many small-scale industries on the Aluva - Perumbavoor road. Trucks carrying wood and allied products like plywood travel from Perumbavoor to destinations like Coimbatore, Trivandrum and Mangalore. There is also a developing packaging and carton industry. Food processing, especially of rice and condiments, is also one of the prominent local industry.
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Pollachi
Pollachi (Tamil: பொள்ளாச்சி) is a taluk of Coimbatore Rural district of the Tamil Nadu state of India. It lies in the southern part of the Coimbatore city around 40 kilometres from downtown Coimbatore. This is the second largest town in the District after Corporation of Coimbatore. Owing to the proximity to the Western Ghats, Pollachi has a pleasant climate throughout the year. Pollachi is very popular for its markets, especially for jaggery, fresh vegetables and cattle. The Jaggery Market in Pollachi is Asia's largest of its kind. The Central part of Kerala totally dependes upon the vegetables from Pollachi. Cattle Market of Pollachi is the biggest of its kind in Southern India.
During ancient times, Pollachi was known as "porul achi" (Tamil: பொழில் வாய்ச்சி' which means "The land of natural wealth and prosperity" (One can find this name in the Lord Subramanyar temple in Pollachi). The name Pozhil Vaichi has changed into Pollachi over time. The historic town of Pollachi was once known as Mudi Konda Chola Nallur during the period of Kulottunga Chola-III. The Subramanyar temple here is an ancient one, with a history that goes back about eight centuries. It is believed that the Subramanyar temple here was once a Shiva temple, enshrining Agastheeswaram Udaiyaar, with the festival deity being Subramanyar. Much of the construction in the temple belongs to the 20th century. There is another story about the Origin of the name. Pollachi was known as "Porull Aatchi" (Tamil: பொருள் ஆட்சி) which means "The land of wealthy Government". In the olden days, it was said that anything can be sold/bought in/from Pollachi market (including elephants) except one's parents.
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Ponnani
Ponnani (Malayalam: പൊന്നാനി, formerly Ponani, Paniyani) is a coastal municipality and an important fishing center in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 9.32 km2. It is a tidal port, mainly used by the fishing industry. It is situated at the mouth of Ponnani river, the second longest river of Kerala and is bounded by the Arabian Sea on the west.
Ponnani is often regarded one of the oldest ports in southern India and is sometimes roughly identified with the port Tyndis of the Roman accounts.[citation needed]
Ponnani taluk is the smallest taluk in Malappuram district.
Located in Malappuram District of Kerala state in India, Ponnani is a small town at the mouth of the Bharathapuzha. It is a port used primarily as a fishing harbour. Ponnani is a "town of mosques". Though described as the "place of 231/2 masjids", there are nearly 50 mosques. Ponnani has a population which is a blend of almost equal percentage of Hindus and Muslims and has set an example for tolerant and peaceful religious co-existence its history. Malik Ibnu Dinar, the legendary first Islamic missionary who came to Kerala, is believed to have visited Ponnani.
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Punalur
Punalur (Malayalam: പുനലൂര് Punalūr) is a city situated near the Tamil Nadu-Kerala Border in the Kollam district, in the southern State of Kerala, India. Here the Punalur Paper Mills was the first industry in Kerala, a pioneer in the Kerala industrial revolution. It is also one of the hottest city in South India.
It is situated in the banks of the Kallada River, receiving its name from two Tamil words; punal, meaning "water" and ooru, meaning "place", therefore "place of water". It is about 45 km north-east of Kollam and 75 km north of Thiruvananthapuram. Punalur is the headquarters of Pathanapuram Taluk, the gateway to Western Ghats. It is also known as the " Lap of the western ghats ".
It is the second largest city in Kollam and the 5th largest city in south Kerala, and a famous industrial city in India. Punalur municipality was established in 1972, although its status may change before 2016.it is THE HOTTEST CITY OF SOUTH INDIA.
Punalur is a city which has, since ancient times, had a good relations with Tamil Nadu to the East. Most parts of Pathanapuram taluk were inhabited since before the Indus Valley Civilization, and civilization may have existed in and around Punalur during the 1st Century AD, but most parts of it were thick forests. Punalur was described in inscriptions at Mithranandpuram and Vellayani. Until 1734, Punalur was under the direct rule of the Ilaydathu swaroopam.Later it was occupied by Marthanda Varma and came into the rule of Travancore . Britishers had a good hold in this part due to its rich agricultural background.
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Puthunagaram
Puthunagaram is a census town in Palakkad district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is about 10 km south of Palakkad. Palakkad-Pollachi-Dindukal-Madurai-Rameswaram train line pass through this town.
The area police station is located here. To see local fishmarket activity see the community website at look at http://www.koduvayur.net on the external links below.
As of 2001[update] India census, Puthunagaram had a population of 16,367. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Puthunagaram has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 67%. In Puthunagaram, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. There's one higher secondary school which also runs affiliated vocational higher secondary courses for Post Matriculation students.
Coordinates: 10°40′52″N 76°39′40″E / 10.681°N 76.6611°E / 10.681; 76.6611
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Ranni
Ranni, sometimes spelled Ranny, is one of the 5 Taluks in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, in India. According to the Census of India 2001, the population was 207,782. The taluk headquarters is a small township on both sides of the Pamba River. Ranni is also one of the largest taluks in Kerala. The renowned Hindu temple of Sabarimala is in this taluk, situated approximately 66 km from the main town, Ittiappara. Ranni is known for its natural beauty, forests, hills, river and good climate.
Ranni is derived from similar word in malayalam which means "Queen" or "Rani". Ranni is known as "The Queen of the Eastern Hill Lands".
The history of Ranni can be traced 5000 years back to the early settlement activity of Adi Dravidans around Sabarimala and Nilackal. The temple at Sabarimala is thought to be the oldest existing temple in India, dating to around 4000 years. A church at Nilackal is believed to be one of the seven churches founded by St. Thomas in AD 54.
In the 18th century, Knanaya Christians migrated to Ranni and later established the church, St. Thomas Church of Ranni. Large number of Mar Thomites also migrated from surrounding areas. In the early 19th century, Dr. Claudius Buchanan visited Ranni and was presented an old hand written Syriac Bible, from Ranni St. Thomas church.
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Shoranur
Shoranur (Malayalam: ഷൊര്ണൂര്) is a town and a municipality in Palakkad district, Kerala, located on the banks of the Bharathapuzha River spread over an area of 32.28 km2. It is a major transport hub, having the largest railway station in the state. Kerala Kalamandalam which is the premier centre for the learning of classical arts like Kathakali and Koodiyattam is located at Cheruthuruthi, a kilometer across the river from Shornur.
'Shornur' is believed to be have originated from Cheruvannur, which is found in the Revenue and Railway records.
Shoranur is located at 10°46′N 76°17′E / 10.77°N 76.28°E / 10.77; 76.28. It has an average elevation of 49 metres (160 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Shoranur had a population of 42,022. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. The average literacy rate was 84%, which was higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy rate being 85%, and female literacy rate being 82%. 10% of the population is under the age of 6. The population is predominantly Hindu with sizable Muslim and Christian minorities.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area (635780 km² or 245476.030 mi²). The region is also known as Dravida as is used in the National anthem.
South India lies in the peninsular Deccan Plateau and is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Bay of Bengal in the east. The geography of the region is diverse, encompassing two mountain ranges, the Western and Eastern Ghats, and a plateau heartland. The Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra and Kaveri rivers are important non-perennial sources of water.
A majority of Indians from the southern region speak one of the Dravidian languages: Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Tulu, and Kodava. During its history, a number of dynastic kingdoms ruled over parts of South India whose invasions across southern and southeastern Asia impacted the history and cultures of modern sovereign states such as Sri Lanka, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. The region was colonised by Britain and gradually incorporated into the British Empire.
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Sreekrishnapuram
Sreekrishnapuram is a small village near Cherpulassery in Palakkad District of Kerala State, South India. The village was once[when?] the seat of Nedunganad Rulers. Later on Eralpad Raja, the second Raja of Zamoorin defeated the Nedungadies and annexed it to their principality.[citation needed]
The Malayalam language is spoken. Hinduism is the majority religion. Christians are a minority in Sreekrishnapuram.[citation needed]
The Easwaramangalam Ganapathy and Pariyanampatta Bhagavathi temples are well known in Kerala State[citation needed]. The Elephant home in Mangalamkunnu is the largest one owned by a private party in Kerala.[citation needed]. One among the famous five Sree Rama temples is situated at Karimpuzha.
Sreekrishnapuram is part of Ottapalam Assembly Constituency and is part of Palghat (Lok Sabha constituency).
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Taliparamba
Taliparamba (also known as Perimchellur) is a city and a municipality in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala and spread over an area of 43.05 km2. It stretches from the coastal area of Ramanthali to Nuchiyad and Vayathur villages, touching the Karnataka border.
Taliparamba is a big town of 67,000 people crowded into a small area of 43 square kilometers. But the undulating hills that surround this little town make it exceptionally beautiful. The surrounding villages of Pattuvam, Kuttikkol, Velipara and Karimbam are filled with lush green fields and little rolling hills. The rivers of Kuppam and Valapattanam surround the towns from all sides and the Arabian sea is only 14 kilometres to the western side. The hanging bridge at Kuttiyeri and the beautiful riverside temple at Parassinikkadavu attaract a large number of toruists. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur and the Pepper Research Station under Kerala Agricultural University at Panniyur, Kannur University, Pariyaram Medical College and Sir Syed College Velipara are a few famous institutions in and around Taliparamba. The origin of Taliparamba is from the Perinchalloor brahminical settlement. Of the original 2,000 Brahmin families, only 45 remain now. The old name of Taliparamba was 'Lakshmipura' as this place was considered as an abode of prosperity. The 'Sree Raja Rajeswara Temple' and the 'Trichambaram temple' are renowned places of worship. Today Muslims and Christians also form a sizeable portion of the population.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Thalassery
Thalassery (Malayalam: തലശ്ശേരി), also known as Tellicherry, is a city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. This is the second largest city of North Malabar in terms of population. The name Tellicherry is the anglicized form of Thalassery. Thalassery municipality has a population just less than 100,000. Established in 1866, it is the second oldest municipality in the state. Possessing an area of 23.98 km2, Thalassery is a town strategically located on the western coast of Kannur district on the Malabar Coast of Kerala. It is 22 km from the district headquarters at Kannur. The town is situated between 11°44’N latitude and 75°26’E longitude, at an altitude ranging between 2.5m above the mean sea-level in the low-lying areas, to 30m above the mean sea-level in the higher regions.
Thalassery is in Kannur district. The palm-fringed terrain of Thalassery has a scenic coastline and features four rivers, canals and hills with orange-hued rock. One of the four rivers is the Mahé River (Mayyazhi river). During the British Raj, the Mahé River was nicknamed the English Channel, because it separated British-ruled Thalassery from French-ruled Mahé. Muzhappilangad, a 5 km long Drive in beach, in fact it's the only Drive in beach in Asia, is located within 6 km of the city centre.
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Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram,[needs IPA]known in English as Trivandrum /trɨˈvændrəm/, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. Referred to by Mahatma Gandhi as the "Evergreen city of India", the city is characterized by its undulating terrain of low coastal hills and busy commercial alleys. With more than 750,000 inhabitants in the city proper, and a population around 1.68 million when including the wider urban agglomeration, Thiruvananthapuram is the largest and most populous city in Kerala. It is an IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state's software exports.
The city houses several central and state government offices and organizations. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), the Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Kerala,Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER), the Centre for Development Studies, the International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS), the Regional Research Laboratory, the Centre for Earth Science Studies, Rajeev Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology and the Sree Chithira Thirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology. It is also considered as one of the 10 greenest cities in India. Thiruvananthapuram was ranked as the best city in Kerala to live in by a recent Times of India survey
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Thodupuzha
Thodupuzha (Malayalam: തൊടുപുഴ) is a town and a municipality in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 35.43 km2. It is 62 km from Ernakulam. Geographical Classification of Thodupuzha Region is Midland or Idanad.
Thodupuzha is also the name of the river that flows through the town. It is the largest town in the district and is the commercial centre. The town is being modernised with the help of a programme sponsored by the World Bank which is financing the programme through the Government of Kerala. It was once part of the territory of the princely state, Travancore. It lies in central Kerala, southeast of Muvattupuzha. The Thodupuzha municipality area is characterised by hilly terrain with a lot of green vegetation.
The Main Eastern Highway (Muvattupuzha - Pathanamthitta - Punalur Road / SH - 08) passes through Thodupuzha and connects it to two of its neighboring towns, Muvattupuzha and Pala.
Hindus, Syrian Christians and Muslims co-exist in harmony adding to the diversity in faith and religion. The place has a large population of Syrian Catholics. The Muslim minority are mostly rawthers who were the warriors of Madurai Raja and migrated from Madurai and Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. As well as that, there are some converts from lower castes to Islam but these are only a few.
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Thrippunithura
Thrippunithura or Tripunithura (Malayalam: തൃപ്പൂണിത്തുറ) is a region in the city of Kochi in the state of Kerala, India and an integral part of the Kochi metropolitan area. In local administration it is a municipality. In the state administrative structure, Thrippunithura is part of the Ernakulam District in the state of Kerala.
Thrippunithura was the capital of the erstwhile Kingdom of Cochin. The descendants of the Cochin royal family still live here. The Hill Palace situated near Thripunithura was the palace of Maharaja of Cochin, the ruler of Kingdom of Cochin.
There are many stories that describe the origin of the word Thripunithura. Some latter day Sanskrit enthusiasts ascribe the origin of the name to "Poorna Veda Puri" - the town of Vedas in its entirety. Another possible origin to name comes from the meaning "the land on the shores of Poorna river".
Other stories play on the pun of "Pooni" or "Pooneeram" which means quiver. One of them relates that Arjuna - one of Pandavas - who once visited Lord Vishnu was given an idol and Arjuna carried it in his "pooni" (quiver). While searching for a place to install it, he met Lord Ganapati and sought help. Ganapati found this place and the idol was installed. Another story of the same variety is as follows. At the end of Dwaparayuga, the period of Lord Krishna, the Lord himself presented an idol to Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, and asked him to install it in a proper place. He kept the idol in a bag used to keep arrows, which was called Pooneeram in local language. When he reached the place, he shouted Pooneeram Thura means 'open the bag' in local language. Thus the name Poonithura has come, according to this story.
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Thrissur
Thrissur pronunciation (help·info) (Malayalam: തൃശൂര്), originally Thrisivaperoor and previously known by its anglicized form as Trichur, is the fifth largest city, the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala (Pop. 1,854,783) and the 20th largest in India. It is also the headquarters of the Thrissur District. Thrissur city is built around a 65-acre (26 ha) hillock called the Thekkinkadu Maidan which seats the Vadakkumnathan temple. Thrissur was once the capital of the Kingdom of Cochin. It is located 300 kilometres (186 mi) towards north-west of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Thrissur is also known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala because of its cultural, spiritual and religious leanings throughout history. It houses the Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy, Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi and Kerala Sahitya Academy. The city hosts the Thrissur Pooram festival, the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala. The festival is held at the Thekkinkadu Maidan in April or May. Thrissur has a large number of well-known temples including the Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Vadakkumnathan temple and Paramekkavu temple, as well as two famous churches, the Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours.
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Thrissur district
Thrissur ( Trichur / Trishur) (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂര്) is a revenue district of Kerala situated in the central part of that state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2, Thrissur district is home to over 10% of Kerala’s population. Thrissur district was formed on July 1, 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur City. Thrissur is known as the cultural capital of Kerala, and the land of Poorams. The district is famous for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques. Thrissur Pooram is the most colourful and spectacular temple festival in Kerala.
The name Thrissur is derived from 'Thiru-Shiva-Perur' (Malayalam / Tamil), which translates to "The city with the name of the Lord Siva". Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" and "Then Kailasam" (Kailasam of the south) in ancient days.[citation needed] Another interpretation is 'Tri-shiva-peroor' or the big land with three Shiva temples, which refers to the three places where Lord Shiva resides - namely Vadakkunnathan temple, Asokeswaram Siva temple and Irattachira Siva temple.
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Thrithala
Thrithala is a village in Ottappalam taluk in Palakkad District of Kerala state, South India. The village is located along the banks of Bharathapuzha and is famed for its Shiva temple.
The legend of 'Parayi petta panthirukulam' is centred around Trithala. According to this story, a Brahmin named Vararuchi, married a lower caste woman without knowing her true identity. After the marriage, they set out on a long journey. During the course of the journey, the woman became pregnant several times, and every time she delivered a baby, the husband asked her to leave it there itself. Each of the babies was taken up by people of different castes (totally 12), thus they grew up in that caste, making the legendary 'Panthirukulam'. They all became famous in their lives and many tales are attributed to them. The eldest was Agnihothri, a Brahmin, whose place is Mezhathur in Trithala. The others are Pakkanar (basket weaver), Perumthachan (Master carpenter), Naranathu Bhranthan (an eccentric but divine person), Vayillakunnilappan (a child without mouth, whom the mother wanted to keep with her) and so on. Their stories are mentioned in the well known book 'Eithihyamala' by Kottarathil Sankunni.
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Tirur
Tirur is a town and a municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala spread over an area of 16.55 km2 . It is birth place of Thunchathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, the father of Malayalam literature. Thunchan Parambu is highly venerated and its sand is believed to be sacred. The sand is used in Vidyarambham, especially on Vijaya Dasami day. Tirur is one of the most important business centres of Malappuram district and is situated 41 km south of Kozhikode or Calicut, on the Mangalore-Madras railway line. It is a major trading centre of fish and betel leaf.
Tirur is located at 10°55′05″N 75°55′30″E / 10.918027°N 75.925022°E / 10.918027; 75.925022. It has an average elevation of 2 metres (6 feet).
The Tirur-Koottayi road ends at Padinjarekara, better known as Padinjarekara Azhimugham, where the Bharathapuzha and Tirur river s converge to drain into the sea. This place is noted for migratory birds, gathering in their thousands during February - April. This beautiful beach is very near Tirur and is also famous for its astonishing scenic beauty. This beach has long been a favourite destination for both domestic and international travellers as well as nature lovers. Most of the travelers to Malappuram district and pilgrims who are heading to the Kadambuzha Baghavathi Temple and Other temples are boarded here.
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Udumbanchola
Udumbanchola is a taluk in Idukki district of Kerala state in India. This is in the high-ranges. Nedumkandam is the major town and capital of Udumbanchola taluk. This taluk borders Tamil Nadu state.This is the biggest taluk in Kerala state[citation needed] and is the location of Mathikettan Shola National Park.
Udumbanchola assembly constituency is part of Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency). K.Chappathu, Upputhara, Anakkara and Mattumkatta are the townships in Udumbumchola Taluk.
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Vadakkencherry
Vadakkencherry (വടക്കഞ്ചേരി) is a small town in Palakkad district of Kerala state, south India, which is 40 km. north-east of Thrissur and a same distance south-west of Palakkad (Total Distance is 80 km. and this is the exact centre of the route). It is under Alathur Taluk in Palakkad district. National Highway 47 passes through Vadakkencherry. Vadakkencherry Vela and "Eakadesi Villaku" is one of the famous festivals in Kerala. Though the spellings are different, many people confuse Vadakkencherry with Wadakkancheri of Thrissur. To avoid confusion, some refer to Vadakkencherry as Alathur-Vadakkencherry or Vadakkencherry-MBR, which is short for Malabar region. The postal code of Vadakkencherry is 678683. Vadakkancherry is surrounded by other locales such as Puducode, Kannambra, Manjapra, Mudappallur, Kizhakkancheri , Konnanchery and Ayakkad.
The name Vadakkencherry is originated by joining of two words - Vadakkan (Northern) and Cheri (Street). Vadakkencherry is sometimes shortened to VDY or VDCY.
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Vaikom
Vaikom (Malayalam: വൈക്കം) is a taluk and also its capital town, situated in the North-West of Kottayam district in Kerala, India. Its western border is the Lake Vembanad, and is crossed by various estuaries of the River Muvattupuzha. Vaikom is the oldest township in Kottayam district, and among the oldest in South India.
The Vaikom Shiva Temple, known as Thekkan Kashi [Southern Kashi], is the heart of the town, and is remarkable for the Vaikom Ashtami celebrations during November. It is notable as the venue of the Vaikom Agitation for achieving for the lower castes the right to walk on the roads surrounding the temple.
The traditional economy has been based on coconut and rice crops, and fishing; more recently, crops like nutmeg, black pepper, and latex have also been introduced. Tourism and software are also pursued as means to livelihood. Hindustan Newsprint Limited is situated in Velloor near Vaikom.
Vaikom is administered by a Municipality and is the seat of a Munsiff's court (among the oldest to be established in the Kingdom of Travancore). Vaikom assembly constituency is reserved for Dalits and is part of Kottayam parliamentary constituency.
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Varkala
Varkala (Malayalam : വര്ക്കല ) is a coastal town and municipality in Thiruvananthapuram district situated in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located 50 kilometres (approx. 32 miles) north-west of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) and 37 km south-west of Kollam city.
Varkala is the only place in southern Kerala where cliffs are found adjacent to the Arabian Sea. These tertiary sedimentary formation cliffs are a unique geological feature on the otherwise flat Kerala coast, and is known among geologists as Varkala Formation and a geological monument as declared by the Geological Survey of India. There are numerous water spouts and spas on the sides of these cliffs.
Varkala is also famous for the 2,000-year old Janardana Swami Temple which is an important Vaishnavaite shrine in India and is often referred to as Dakshin Kashi (Benares of the South). The temple is located close to the Papanasam beach, which is considered to have holy waters which wash away sins, and is also an important Ayurveda treatment centre. The temple has an ancient bell removed from a shipwreck, donated by the captain of the Dutch vessel which sank near Varkala without causing any casualties.
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Vythiri taluk
Vythiri Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Wayanad district in the Indian state of Kerala. It comprises 18 villages.Towns in taluk include Lakkidi,Kaniyambetta,Chundale
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Wayanad district
Wayanad District (Malayalam: വയനാട്) in the north-east of Kerala, India, was formed on November 1, 1980 as the 12th district by carving out areas from Kozhikode and Kannur districts. Kalpetta is the district headquarters as well as the only municipal town in the district. The region was known as Mayakshetra (Maya's land) in the earliest records. Mayakshetra evolved into Mayanad and finally to Wayanad. The Folk etymology of the word says it is a combination of Vayal (paddy field) and Naad (land), making it 'The Land of Paddy Fields'. There are many indigenous tribals in this area. It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes ranging from 700 to 2100 m.
It is the least populous district in Kerala (out of 14).
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Hyder Ali
Hyder Ali (Urdu: سلطان حيدر علی خان , Kannada: ಹೈದರಾಲಿ, Haidarālī; Hindi: हैदर अली, Haidar Alī; c. 1720 – 7 December 1782, 2 Muharram 1197 in the Islamic calendar) was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born Hyder Naik, he distinguished himself militarily, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's rulers. Rising to the post of dalwai, or commander-in-chief to Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, he came to dominate the titular monarch and the Mysore government, and eventually seized control of all of the reins of power. He expanded the kingdom's borders at the expense of the Maratha Empire and Nizam of Hyderabad (among others), and was one of the few local rulers to effectively blunt the military advances of the British East India Company during two wars. In the First and Second Anglo-Mysore Wars he came within striking distance of the British outpost at Madras. He was given a number of honorific titles, and was referred to as Sultan Hyder Ali Khan or Hyder Ali Sahib.
Hyder's rule of Mysore was characterised by frequent warfare with his neighbours and rebellion within his territories. This was not unusual for the time, as much of the Indian subcontinent was then in turmoil, with the Hindu Maratha Confederacy struggling with the remnants of the Muslim Mughal Empire. He was a shrewd leader, and left his son Tipu Sultan a kingdom that was significantly larger than when he first took it over. He organised his military in part along European lines, and was a pioneer in the military use of Rocket artillery. He had at least two wives, and fathered at least three children.
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Kumaran Asan
Modern Triumvirates
Ulloor | Ashan | Vallathol
N. Kumaran Asan (Malayalam:കുമാരനാശാന്) (1873–1924), also known as Mahakavi Kumaran Asan (the prefix Mahakavi awarded by Madras University in the year 1922 means "great poet" and the suffix Asan meaning scholar or teacher), was one of the triumvirate poets of Kerala, South India. He was also a philosopher, a social reformer and a disciple of Sree Narayana Guru.
Kumaran Asan initiated a revolution in Malayalam poetry in the first quarter of the 20th century, transforming it from the metaphysical to the lyrical. Deep moral and spiritual commitment is evident in Asan's poetry. His works are an eloquent testimony of poetic concentration and dramatic contextualization.
Asan was born in a merchant family belonging to the Ezhava community[citation needed] in April 1873 in Kayikkara village, Chirayinkeezhu taluk, north of Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, south India. Named Kumaru He was the second son in a family of nine children. His father, Narayanan Perungudi, was well versed in Malayalam and Tamil.His mother, Kaali. Asan inherited his taste for Kathakali and classical music. Kumaru trained in mathematics and Sanskrit for which he had a passion. Even though through his father's efforts, he got a job as a primary school teacher was not before and an accountant to a wholesaler at the age of 14, he quit the job two years later to pursue higher studies in Sanskrit. He undertook a studentship in poetry under Manamboor Govindan Asan. He wished to learn Yoga and Tantra and worked as an apprentice in a Muruga temple at Vakkom. It is said that the Muse of Poetry blessed him during this time. He composed a few devotional songs for the benefit of regular worshippers at this temple.
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Narayana Guru
Sri Nārāyana Guru (Malayalam: ശ്രീ നാരായണ ഗുരു) (1856–1928), also known as Sree Nārāyana Guru Swami, was a Hindu saint, sadhu[Full citation needed] and social reformer of India. The Guru was born into an Ezhava family, in an era when people from backward communities like the Ezhavas faced much social injustices in the caste-ridden Kerala society. Gurudevan, as he was fondly known to his followers, led Reform movement in Kerala, revolted against casteism and worked on propagating new values of freedom in spirituality and of social equality, thereby transforming the Kerala society and as such he is adored as a prophet.
Nārāyana Guru is revered for his Vedic knowledge[citation needed], poetic proficiency[citation needed], openness to the views of others[citation needed], non-violent philosophy[citation needed] and his unrelenting resolve to set aright social wrongs. Nārāyana Guru was instrumental in setting the spiritual foundations for social reform in today's Kerala and was one of the most successful social reformers who tackled caste in India. He demonstrated a path to social emancipation without invoking the dualism of the oppressed and the oppressor.
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Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (November 1750, Devanahalli – 4 May 1799, Seringapatam), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the son of Hyder Ali, at that time an officer in the Mysorean army, and his second wife, Fatima or Fakhr-un-Nissa. He was given a number of honorific titles, and was referred to as Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab, Tipu Saheb, Bahadur Khan Tipu Sultan or Fatih Ali Khan Tipu Sultan Bahadur.
During Tipu's childhood, his father rose to take power in Mysore, and Tipu took over rule of the kingdom upon his father's death. In addition to his role as ruler, he was a scholar, soldier, and poet. He was a devout Muslim but the majority of his subjects were Hindus. At the request of the French, he built a church, the first in Mysore. He was proficient in many languages. In alliance with the French in their struggle with the British, and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers, both Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali used their French trained army against the Marathas, Sira, rulers of Malabar, Coorg, Bednur, Carnatic, and Travancore. He won important victories against the British in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, and negotiated the 1784 Treaty of Mangalore with them after his father died the previous year.
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I Love my Palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:03
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Watch about palakkad.
http://wn.com/I_Love_my_Palakkad
palakkad news
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Updated: 04 Mar 2013
palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india.
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palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india.
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 7
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
"Elephants at Mangalakunnu in Palakkad"-Kettathum Kandathum 14,July 2012 Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:59
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
A journalist's notebook on North Malabar - the stories of the common man - his hope and despair, his dreams and nightmares, his aspirations and fears. The es...
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A journalist's notebook on North Malabar - the stories of the common man - his hope and despair, his dreams and nightmares, his aspirations and fears. The es...
- published: 15 Jul 2012
- views: 17591
- author: asianetnews
Puthungaram Prgm (Palakkad) zakariya swalahi (5/3/2013)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 108:05
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
Puthungaram Prgm (Palakkad) zakariya swalahi (5/3/2013). MujahidNETgroup·153 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 321. Like. Sign in to YouTube. Sign in with your YouTube Account (YouTube, Google+, Gmail, Orkut, Picasa, or Chrome) to like MujahidNETgroup's video. Sign in. I dislike this. Sign in to YouTube. Sign in with your YouTube Account (YouTube, Google+, Gmail, Orkut, Picasa, or Chrome) to dislike MujahidNETgroup's video. Sign in. About Share Add to. Sign in to YouTube ...
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Puthungaram Prgm (Palakkad) zakariya swalahi (5/3/2013). MujahidNETgroup·153 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 321. Like. Sign in to YouTube. Sign in with your YouTube Account (YouTube, Google+, Gmail, Orkut, Picasa, or Chrome) to like MujahidNETgroup's video. Sign in. I dislike this. Sign in to YouTube. Sign in with your YouTube Account (YouTube, Google+, Gmail, Orkut, Picasa, or Chrome) to dislike MujahidNETgroup's video. Sign in. About Share Add to. Sign in to YouTube ...
- published: 05 Mar 2013
- author: MujahidNETgroup
Malampuzha Dam and Garden, Palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 24 Feb 2013
Malampuzha Dam is the largest reservoir in Kerala, located near Palakkad in south India with the scenic hills of the Western Ghats in the background. The dam...
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Malampuzha Dam is the largest reservoir in Kerala, located near Palakkad in south India with the scenic hills of the Western Ghats in the background. The dam...
- published: 26 Aug 2012
- views: 3156
- author: Rajeev Daniel
26 February 2013 palakkad news
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india.
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palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india.
- published: 26 Feb 2013
- views: 210
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
Police busted a sex racket at Palakkad - WITNESS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
Police busted a sex racket at Palakkad - WITNESS.
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Police busted a sex racket at Palakkad - WITNESS.
- published: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 889
- author: reporterlivechannel
"THE WALK" malayalam tele film mathur palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 15 Feb 2013
Spend your valuable 5 minute for this tele film and share this message to your friends and relativies.
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Spend your valuable 5 minute for this tele film and share this message to your friends and relativies.
- published: 23 Feb 2012
- views: 5670
- author: Saju Kumar
Palakkad fort, Kerala
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 14 Dec 2011
Palakkad fort, also known as Tipu's fort located at the heart of Palakkad town near the kotta maidan. It is one of the best preserved forts in Kerala with wa...
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Palakkad fort, also known as Tipu's fort located at the heart of Palakkad town near the kotta maidan. It is one of the best preserved forts in Kerala with wa...
- published: 10 Apr 2011
- views: 10298
- author: bizhat1
Government Victoria College palakkad turns 125
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 02 Mar 2013
Government Victoria College palakkad celebrate its 125th anniversary on February 28.
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Government Victoria College palakkad celebrate its 125th anniversary on February 28.
- published: 01 Mar 2013
- views: 313
- author: asianetnews
Double Dhamaka:MAS-MAQ Mail Meets Palakkad Intercity !!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
As I was zooming the Mangalore Mail curving out of Ullal RS,Palghat Intercity comes with ED WDM2 . Mangalore Mail was de-accelerating whereas Palghat ICE was...
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As I was zooming the Mangalore Mail curving out of Ullal RS,Palghat Intercity comes with ED WDM2 . Mangalore Mail was de-accelerating whereas Palghat ICE was...
- published: 20 Nov 2011
- views: 6143
- author: MrPhotographist
14 January 2013 local news palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india NEWS VIDEO AND POSITION SEE BELLOW 1 Palakkad medical college stone lide ceremony. ina...
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palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india NEWS VIDEO AND POSITION SEE BELLOW 1 Palakkad medical college stone lide ceremony. ina...
- published: 14 Jan 2013
- views: 300
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
28 February 2013 local news palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:01
- Updated: 01 Mar 2013
palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india victoriya college 125th year fest. garima. inaugurated by chief minister ommen chandy....
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palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india victoriya college 125th year fest. garima. inaugurated by chief minister ommen chandy....
- published: 01 Mar 2013
- views: 3
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
malayalam funny call to airtel(paraman Palakkad).wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:24
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
malayalam funny call to airtel(paraman Palakkad). aswinkavassery.
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malayalam funny call to airtel(paraman Palakkad). aswinkavassery.
- published: 07 Aug 2011
- views: 88351
- author: aswin v
v s achuthanandan's pa suresh sweekaranam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:32
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
pozhakulangara desham @ kallepully near palakkad arrange a welcome to suresh. he is the pa of kerala opposition leader v s achuthanandan. this video contains...
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pozhakulangara desham @ kallepully near palakkad arrange a welcome to suresh. he is the pa of kerala opposition leader v s achuthanandan. this video contains...
- published: 25 Feb 2013
- views: 866
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
LIVE - ISM Kerala Yuvajana Conference, Palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 240:25
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
LIVE - ISM Kerala Yuvajana Conference, Palakkad. Markazudawa Calicut·41 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 112. Like .... ABDUL LATHEEF KARUMBILAKKAL SPEECH ISM YOUTH CONFERENCE @ PALAKKADby Muneer Padukundil 531 views · 1:45:45. Watch Later LIVE - ISM Youth Conferenceby Markazudawa Calicut · 23:52. Watch Later Shaikh Abdulla subayyilby himacreations 619 views · 1:10:28. Watch Later Nadapuram Mujahid jinnoori Samvada Vyvastha part 2by Najmu dheen ...
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LIVE - ISM Kerala Yuvajana Conference, Palakkad. Markazudawa Calicut·41 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 112. Like .... ABDUL LATHEEF KARUMBILAKKAL SPEECH ISM YOUTH CONFERENCE @ PALAKKADby Muneer Padukundil 531 views · 1:45:45. Watch Later LIVE - ISM Youth Conferenceby Markazudawa Calicut · 23:52. Watch Later Shaikh Abdulla subayyilby himacreations 619 views · 1:10:28. Watch Later Nadapuram Mujahid jinnoori Samvada Vyvastha part 2by Najmu dheen ...
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- author: Markazudawa Calicut
07 February 2013 local news palakkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:25
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india NEWS VIDEO AND POSSITION SEE BELLOW 1 Human right commition chair person J B Koshy sit...
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palakkad news,malayalam. happening in and around palakkad,kerala,india NEWS VIDEO AND POSSITION SEE BELLOW 1 Human right commition chair person J B Koshy sit...
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- views: 413
- author: palakkad jilla vartha
A Lamborghini Gallardo seen between Palakkad and Mannarkkad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Saw this unusual scene of this beauty at a rather monotonous strech of road between Palakkad and Manarkkad, from there I deviated to my home route. ** This i...
http://wn.com/A_Lamborghini_Gallardo_seen_between_Palakkad_and_Mannarkkad
Saw this unusual scene of this beauty at a rather monotonous strech of road between Palakkad and Manarkkad, from there I deviated to my home route. ** This i...
- published: 11 Apr 2011
- views: 79727
- author: mesreejith
OFF-ROAD EXTREME '13 - Offroad Event at Palakkad by OrA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
A short look at the Off-road Extreme '13 event held at Palakkad, by Offroad Adventures Palakkad team. 9th February 2013. The location was near Anakkallu, Mal...
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A short look at the Off-road Extreme '13 event held at Palakkad, by Offroad Adventures Palakkad team. 9th February 2013. The location was near Anakkallu, Mal...
- published: 10 Feb 2013
- views: 1062
- author: KottayamPattanam
Blast at cracker making unit in Palakkad; 6 killed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 02 Mar 2013
പാലക്കാട് ചെര്പ്പുളശേരിയില് പടക്കശാലയില് തീപിടിച്ച് 6 മരണം. ഉച്ചയ്ക്ക് 12 മണിയോടെയായിരുന്നു അപകടം. ഗുരുതരമായ പൊളളലേറ്റവരെ കോഴിക്കോട് മെഡിക്കല് കോളജില് പ...
http://wn.com/Blast_at_cracker_making_unit_in_Palakkad;_6_killed
പാലക്കാട് ചെര്പ്പുളശേരിയില് പടക്കശാലയില് തീപിടിച്ച് 6 മരണം. ഉച്ചയ്ക്ക് 12 മണിയോടെയായിരുന്നു അപകടം. ഗുരുതരമായ പൊളളലേറ്റവരെ കോഴിക്കോട് മെഡിക്കല് കോളജില് പ...
- published: 02 Mar 2013
- views: 294
- author: Indiavision onlive
HUSSAIN MADAVOOR SPEECH ISM YOUTH CONFERENCE @ PALAKKAD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:17
- Updated: 14 Feb 2013
KNM,ISM, MGM, MSM, EDATHANATTUKARA ZONE.
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KNM,ISM, MGM, MSM, EDATHANATTUKARA ZONE.
- published: 24 Dec 2012
- views: 1252
- author: Muneer Padukundil
ABDUL LATHEEF KARUMBILAKKAL SPEECH ISM YOUTH CONFERENCE @ PALAKKAD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 94:47
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
KNM, ISM, MGM, MSM, EDATHANATTUKARA ZONE.
http://wn.com/ABDUL_LATHEEF_KARUMBILAKKAL_SPEECH_ISM_YOUTH_CONFERENCE_@_PALAKKAD
KNM, ISM, MGM, MSM, EDATHANATTUKARA ZONE.
- published: 25 Dec 2012
- views: 1128
- author: Muneer Padukundil
OFFROAD EXTREME 2013, PALAKKAD. DJ NIGHT PART-2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART2. Shibu Varghese36 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 15. 72 views. Like 1 Dislike 0. Like ... OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART4by Shibu Varghese 77 views · 128. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART5by Shibu Varghese 35 views · 111. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART1by Shibu Varghese 139 views · 029. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME ...
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OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART2. Shibu Varghese36 videos. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 15. 72 views. Like 1 Dislike 0. Like ... OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART4by Shibu Varghese 77 views · 128. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART5by Shibu Varghese 35 views · 111. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME 2013 PALAKKAD DJ NIGHT PART1by Shibu Varghese 139 views · 029. Watch Later OFFROAD EXTREME ...
- published: 24 Feb 2013
- views: 72
- author: Shibu Varghese
photo: AP / David Guttenfelder
07 Mar 2013
Posted. March 7, 2013. North Korea threatened a preemptive nuclear attack against the United States ahead of an upcoming vote on additional UN sanctions against Pyongyang. The country also accused the United States of performing military drills in South Korea as a launching pad for nuclear war. North Korea adds that it plans to scrap the armistice that ended Korean War hostilities ... The statement read. ... Category. Asia. Tags ... Posted ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
07 Mar 2013
The conflict has wreaked political havoc for both Malaysia and the neighboring Philippines ... Ismail said at least 52 Filipinos have now been killed in the past week since hostilities in the Sabah security crisis escalated ... World news....(size: 1.3Kb)
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Manila. Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Andrew Medichini
07 Mar 2013
Former Italian former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi has been sentenced to a year in prison over the publication of leaked transcripts from a police wiretap in one of his newspapers. Mr Berlusconi, who faces two more verdicts this month for tax fraud and having sex with an underage prostitute, can appeal the conviction and so doing suspend the sentence under Italian law ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Ariel Schalit
07 Mar 2013
9.58 PM. The U.N. is demanding the immediate release of 21 peacekeepers seized by members of the Syrian opposition in the disputed Golan Heights area between Syria and Israel. Here's a statement from U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon. ... "The Secretary-General reminds all actors in Syria that UNDOF is mandated to monitor the Disengagement of Forces Agreement between Israel and Syria ... The U.N ... A U.N ... Here's more from The New York Times. ... U.N ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Hindu
07 Mar 2013
“I wish to be reborn as a classical singer,” says Vanaja Sankar ... Vanaja was the principal of the two other Government music colleges in the State – RLV College of Music and Fine Arts, Tripunithura, and Chembai Memorial Government Music College, Palakkad ... Excerpts from an interview.. Taste for arts ... My father, the late P.P ... A special concert was the one I gave at Chembai Swamy’s house at Kottayi in Palakkad....(size: 4.1Kb)
The Times of India
07 Mar 2013
COIMBATORE ... CMCH lacks a separate police station in the hospital premises. While almost all the medical college hospitals in the state are equipped with a separate police station, CMCH that attracts about 5,500 patients a day from Coimbatore, Erode, Tirupur, Nilgiris districts and also neighbouring Palakkad has long been neglected ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Times of India
07 Mar 2013
COIMBATORE. In a move to decongest roads in Coimbatore, city traffic police has asked transport buses operating from Karur, Trichy, Vellakovil, Kangayam and Dharapuram in the south to not enter the core city areas to reach Gandhipuram bus stand ... Buses from Palakkad, Pollachi and Udumalai end their services at Ukkadam bus stand while buses from Mettupalayam, Ooty and Gudalur halt their services at Mettuppalayam Road bus stand ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
The Hindu
07 Mar 2013
A newly erected statue of writer O.V. Vijayan awaiting government clearance for inauguration at Government Raja’s Higher Secondary School, Kottakkal, was found vandalised on Thursday. The statue, which is part of a memorial being dedicated to Vijayan recreating a scene of his famous novel Khazakkinte Ethihasam, was found defaced with its nose and spectacles broken ... In a statement in Palakkad on Thursday, samithi president U.K ... O.V....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Hindu
07 Mar 2013
It happened hours before the film was to start. A young, good-looking adivasi woman rushed through the gate of the theatre in Attappady. She was sobbing inconsolably, her face pressed against the wall of the building ... It left those listening to her stunned. Women-oriented. V. M ... H ... Shot entirely on locations at Attappady and Palakkad in about 26 days, the small-budget film introduces a host of new actors and technicians ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)
The Hindu
07 Mar 2013
They are smart women with smartphones. They use alerts, updates, SMS, MMS, and on-the-move technology effectively to market products made by them. These Facebook (fb) girls from the city, who buy and sell in cyberspace, have created a buzz with the range of products, from saris to jewellery, cakes, candles and a lot more. Instant feedback ... Anna says she had an order for a wedding cake from Palakkad ... “I mainly do designer saris....(size: 4.9Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
06 Mar 2013
Aneesh alias Maradu Aneesh had surrendered along with Aji alias Patti Ajith, Bhuwaneswar and Sonai Kumar from Tamil Nadu and Saneesh from Palakkad before a Madurai local court on February 26 ... The police is planning to arrest Aneesh’s accomplices too ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
06 Mar 2013
Thiruvananthapuram. The Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau (VACB) has, in a statewide raid on Tuesday, stalled illegal land filling on a total of 194 acres of wetland ... Sreelekha ... While illegal land filling at nine acres was detected in different parts of Kannur district, 7.5 acres were being illegally filled in Palakkad ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
06 Mar 2013
ALAPPUZHA. Severe dearth of combine harvester machines has adversely affected puncha harvesting in Kuttanad. Farmers on Tuesday began to register their strong protest against the shortage ... The other machines have been sent to farmers outside Alappuzha ... However, agents who bring machines from Palakkad and Tamil Nadu are not ready to operate the machines at this rate ... "Puncha cultivation is on across 26, 500 hectares in Kuttanad ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Hindu
06 Mar 2013
Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Central aid for coconut farmers, subsidy for FACT operation on imported LNG, removal of duty cap on import of rubber, classical language status for Malayalam, setting up of a rail coach factory at Palakkad, wagon factory at Alappuzha, construction of the Angamaly-Sabari railway line, assistance for the Cochin Port Trust, incentive for coastal shipping, and Vizhinjam port development were among the subjects discussed....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Times of India
06 Mar 2013
BANGALORE. Bangaloreans are not alone in coping with an unsafe highway to the airport thanks to an incomplete elevated expressway ... The 5-km stretch between Surathkal and Udupi is the worst of all ... Mumbai ... Kochi ... Barring the Kochi-Alleppy stretch of NH 47 connecting Kanyakumari (in Tamil Nadu) to Thiruvananthapuram, Palakkad, Alleppy, Thrissur and Ernakulam, upgradation work is yet to begin on other stretches ... Chennai ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Times of India
05 Mar 2013
Vehicles entering the city from Palakkad road to Ukkadam area will have to take the Valankulam rail over-bridge or Perur bypass road and enter the city. Vehicles proceeding towards Palakkad road from Avinashi road old flyover and Lanka Corner will have to take the Valankulam rail over-bridge to reach ......(size: 1.5Kb)
The Times of India
05 Mar 2013
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM ... "The investment promotion board led by additional chief secretary V Somasundaram regularly reviews the projects ... Officials said as many as 20 education projects, 35 tourism projects and many energy projects like the Rs 500-crore solar plant in Palakkad and the Rs 600-crore wind mill unit in Palakkad were on track. "The mega projects will take at least two years to be completed ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
This article is about the municipality in Kerala, India. For its namesake district, see Palakkad district.
| Palakkad Palghat |
|
| — town — | |
|
|
|
| Coordinates | 10°46′N 76°39′E / 10.77°N 76.65°E / 10.77; 76.65Coordinates: 10°46′N 76°39′E / 10.77°N 76.65°E / 10.77; 76.65 |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District(s) | Palakkad |
| Chairman | Mr.Abdul Khudoos(Congress) |
| Language(s) | Malayalam, English, Tamil[citation needed] |
|---|---|
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
• 84 metres (276 ft) |
Palakkad pronunciation (help·info), previously known as Palghat, is a large town and municipality in the state of Kerala in southern India, spread over an area of 26.60 km2 and is the administrative headquarters of the Palakkad District. Palakkad is the seventh most populous city in Kerala and lies near the Palghat Gap, a pass or natural depression through the Western Ghats ranges, and connects Kerala to the plains of the state of Tamil Nadu to the east. The city is situated about 350 kilometres (217 mi) north of state capital Thiruvananthapuram and 49 kilometres (30 mi) south west of Coimbatore.
Kerala would have an IIT in Palakkad under the 12th five-year plan. The land belonging to the Instrumentation Limited in Palakkad was finally chosen for the project.Since the IITs are set up by an act of Parliament, the whole process is the centre's prerogative, and the state government has only a limited role.[1]
Contents |
Geography[link]
To the east lies Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu. Palakkad is the gateway to Kerala due to the presence of the Palakkad Gap, in the Western Ghats.
The climate is hot and humid for most part of the year. Palakkad is one of the hottest places in Kerala. There is sufficient rainfall. The town is blessed with many small and medium rivers, which are tributaries of the Bharathapuzha River. Of the number of dams in Palakkad district, the largest Malampuzha dam is 12 km from Palakkad town.[2]
| Climate data for Palakkad | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.3 (99.1) |
36.5 (97.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.3 (86.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.35 (90.23) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.20 (73.76) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 3.5 (0.138) |
6.7 (0.264) |
20.4 (0.803) |
72.9 (2.87) |
151.7 (5.972) |
408.2 (16.071) |
522.6 (20.575) |
317.6 (12.504) |
253.9 (9.996) |
215.2 (8.472) |
111.1 (4.374) |
27.6 (1.087) |
2,111.4 (83.126) |
| Source: [1] | |||||||||||||
Etymology[link]
In earlier times Palakkad was also known as Palakkattuchery. Some etymologists trace the word "Palakkad" from the word Palai nilam, which means "dry lands". The commonly held belief, however, is that the name is a fusion of two Malayalam words, Pala, a tree (Alstonia scholaris) that is found abundantly in Palakkad, and Kadu, which means forest.
Transport[link]
Air[link]
The nearest international airport is Coimbatore Airport, which is about 62 km from Palakkad. Coimbatore airport has connecting flights to Singapore, Sharjah, Colombo. Other nearby airports are Kozhikode Airport about 103 km & Kochi Airport which is about 111 km from Palakkad.
There has been a proposal for a mini domestic airport near the city at East Yakkara with respect to setting up domestic airports for enhanced air connectivity by the civil aviation ministry of India. 60 acres has been identified for the project at East Yakkara.[3]
Railways[link]
There are two railway stations serving Palakkad - Palakkad Junction is a broad gauge railway junction (located at Olavakkode) and Palakkad Town railway station located in the heart of the Palakkad town. Palakkad Junction also houses the office of The Divisional Railway Manager (Palakkad Division). The cities of Coimbatore, Erode, Salem, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikode and Ernakulam are connected by the broad gauge line. Pollachi, Dindigul and Madurai were connected by a metre gauge line starting from the Palakkad Junction railway station through Palakkad Town station. Under a policy "Project Unigauge", metre gauge tracks have been dismantled for conversion to broad gauge tracks.[4] So trains on Palakkad - Pollachi - Dindigul route have been indefinitely suspended till the broad gauge is completed.
Road[link]
Palakkad is well connected by roads. The National Highway 544 (NH 544) from Salem to Kochi and the Palakkad – Kozhikode National Highway 213 pass through the district. Another important road is the Palakkad – Ponnani which connects NH 47 and NH 17.
Apart from the National Highways, Palakkad is well connected through State Highways to nearby districts and towns in Kerala.
Demographics[link]
In the 2011 census,[5] Palakkad had a population of 2,810,892. Males constituted 49% of the population. The average literacy rate of the area is 81%, much higher than the national average of 59.5%. Malayalam is the most spoken language. Tamil is spoken and understood by a significant proportion of the population due to and presence of Tamil speaking communities like Iyers and proximity to Tamilnadu.Apart from Tamil and Malayalam, languages like Hindi and English are also spoken by many people.
Places of interest[link]
- Palakkad Fort – Fort dating from 1766, built by Hyder Ali of Mysore. In 1784, after a siege which lasted eleven days, the British Colonel Fullerton stormed the Fort.[6] Later it fell into the hands of the Zamorin’s troops, but was recaptured by the British in 1790.[7] This well-preserved fort is also known as Tipu's (Tipu Sultan, son of Hyder Ali) Fort. Today there is a functioning jail and Hanuman Temple in the fort grounds.
File:Nemmara-paddy.jpg
Paddy fields in Palakkad
- Jain Temple of Jainimedu – Situated on the western border of Palakkad town and not far from the railway station, this is an historic Jain Temple. The area around the temple is known as Jainimedu. This is one of the few places in Kerala where vestiges of Jainism in Kerala have survived without substantial damage.[8] The granite walls are devoid of decoration. The temple, 32 feet (9.8 m) long and 20 feet (6.1 m) wide, consists of four divisions with images of Jain Thirthankaras and Yakshinis in three of them. Kumaran Asan wrote his monumental poem Veena Poovu (the fallen flower) at a Jain house here during his brief stay with his master Sri. Narayana Guru.[citation needed]
- Kalpathi One of the 21 Agraharams of Palakkad District on the banks of the Kalpathy river, famous for its annual Ratholsavam (Temple car Festival) and annual music festival. One of the oldest settlements of Tamil Brahmins in Kerala, it dates back to the 15th century.[9]
- Malampuzha Dam and Gardens - Situated about 10 km from Palakkad Town, Malapuzha Dam was completed in 1955 and is the largest reservoir in Kerala. The spot is also known for its scenic beauty and sprawling gardens. It is one of the major attractions in this part of Kerala.
- Dhoni : Dhoni is situated around 15 Kilometers from Palakkad town in Kerala, India. Its famous for Dhoni Waterfalls and the Western Ghat forests. Dhoni is bordered by Western Ghats on north. Its also a popular trekking spot for tourists. The dhoni farm of KLD Board an Indo-Swiss project is situated there and is set amidst a beautiful location and is relatively unknown for its tourist potential.
Local Festivals[link]
- Vadakkanthara Vela : It is held at Vadakkanthara Thirupurakkal bhagavathi temple once in 3 years. This is the most famous local festival of Palakkad town which is celebrated by people of all castes and denominations.
- Manappullikavu Vela: It is held in the Cheruppil Kavu situated 2km from Palakkad railway station. The Goddess is "Cheruppil amma". It is a 41 day festival. Various famous art forms are performed on these days. One of the famous rituals is "PANA" which happens once in every 5 years.
- Kalpathy Ratholsavam: It is held during the second week of November every year. This is basically a festival of Tamil brahmins of Kalpathy and cannot be termed as a popular festival of all walks of people.
- Ayyermala Ratholsavam: It is held in Ayyermala,Thenur 17 km from palakkad town in ottapalam road.Festival conducted once in a year in the month of November and December on karthika villake.
- cheramkulangara vela:This one of famous bhagavathi temble in palakkad,all year "VISHU"day celibrete here cheramkulangara vela,temble located in Paruthipulli,kuzhalmadam thiruvilyamala road.
- Kalikavu vela:It is held during early April every year.The festive proceedings from more than 10 different places like mankurrushi,chemmukil,vellarode,kannampirayiram,mannakara......meet together to make it a gand festival which cannot be overseen.
Religious Places[link]
- Vadakkanthara Thirupurakkal Bhagavathy temple is a popular Bhagavathy temple in Palakkad town situated at Vadakkanthara.[10]
- Manappullikavu temple : Hindu religious place situated near the N.H.47 on the eastern side of the town.[11][12]
- C.S.I Church of Hope : The only remaining presbytirian church in Palakkad town which was built by the Basel mission missionaries on 1910 situated in Mepparamba (also known as Melparamba) on the western side of the town. The congregation started in 1866.[13][14][15][better source needed]
- C.S.I Holy Trinity Church : The Anglican church situated in the Fort Maidan area of Palakkad town. The only church in Palakkad where the English worship is held.[dubious – discuss] The congregation started in the 18th century.[16][better source needed]
- C.S.I Robinson church Palakkad : The Basel Mission church which was renovated recently and is named after Mr.Robinson,[dubious – discuss] who was the collector of Palakkad during the British days. The congregation dates backs to 18th century.[17][better source needed]
- The Hanuman temple situated inside the Palakkad fort is another major holyplace.It is not held aback being in the heart of the city and is frequently visited by many devotees and tourists.
Educational Institutions in Palakkad[link]
- NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad
- Government Victoria College, Palakkad
- Mercy College, Palakkad
- Govt Polytechnic, Palakkad, Palakkad
- Co-Operative Arts & Science College, Olavakkode
- Palghat Lions School Koppam,Palakkad.
- BEM HSS, PALAKKAD - Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Kerala gets 18th IIT - Times Of India". indiatimes.com. 2011-09-25. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/IIT-for-state-a-gift-from-LDF/articleshow/10109961.cms. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ Fact sheet on Indian dams at Diehardindian.com
- ^ "60 Acres Identified For Airport Project". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2011-05-21. http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/21/stories/2011052162250900.htm.
- ^ "Even the ministry is clueless about the completion of work in the Palani-Pollachi and Pollachi-Podanur stretch," said K Kathirmathiyon of Coimbatore Consumer Forum. The 55-km stretch linking Pollachi with Palakkad in Kerala is also in the same state. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-18/coimbatore/28614594_1_gauge-conversion-broad-gauge-meter-gauge
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 358. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_364.gif
- ^ Pankaja Srinivasan (2011-09-23). "Life & Style / Metroplus : The story of a forgotten fort". Chennai, India: The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2479470.ece. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
- ^ When Haider Ali set about restoring the fort, he is said to have used granite from the nearby Jain Medu. http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article2479470.ece
- ^ "Kerala / Palakkad News : Kalpathy to become first heritage village in State". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2008-02-03. http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/03/stories/2008020354220500.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
- ^ "Splendour". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2011-05-12. http://www.hindu.com/2011/05/12/stories/2011051260800300.htm.
- ^ "Temple festivals attracting foreign tourists". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2007-04-22. http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/22/stories/2007042201920200.htm.
- ^ "Bhagavati in ethereal surroundings". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2002-06-14. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/06/14/stories/2002061401080600.htm.
- ^ http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/bmpix/controller/view/impa-m35186.html?x=1327298263997
- ^ http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/bmpix/visip_rahul/chapter2_6.htm
- ^ http://wikimapia.org/1665359/CSI-chuirch-of-hope-mepparamba
- ^ http://www.panoramio.com/photo/65516379
- ^ http://www.gracepresbytery.org/index.php?t=1&tsn=12&i=99
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Ayyermala-Temple/272860619428890
External links[link]
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| V.S. Achuthanandan | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| V.S. Achuthanandan speaking in a public meeting in 2008. | |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| Constituency | Malampuzha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1923-10-20) 20 October 1923 (age 88) Alappuzha, Travancore |
| Political party | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
| Spouse(s) | K. Vasumathy (Married 18 July 1967) |
| Children | V. A. Arunkumar Dr. V. V. Asha |
| Religion | Atheist |
Velikkakathu Sankaran Achuthanandan (Malayalam: വേലിക്കകത്ത് ശങ്കരന് അച്യുതാനന്ദന്; born 20 October 1923) is an Indian politician and a former Chief Minister of the state of Kerala. He had been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) since 1985, and until July 2009, when he was reverted to the Central Committee of the party owing to his ideological dispositions.[1]
Achuthanandan was one of the founding leaders of the CPI (M) in India, and has played a major role in building the party cadre in the state of Kerala.[2]
Achuthanandan was widely acclaimed for the various actions that he initiated as the Chief Minister including: the demolition drive in Munnar which claimed back acres of illegally occupied land,[3] the demolition drive in Kochi M. G. Road which claimed back the long lost shoulder of the road, anti-piracy drive against film-piracy, his struggle against the Lottery mafia in the state. In his struggle against corruption, he was instrumental in convicting former minister R. Balakrishna Pillai on charges of corruption.[4][5] Achuthanandan also took the lead in promoting Free Software in the state, and especially in adopting free software in the public education system of the state.[6]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born on 20 October 1923 to Sankaran and Accamma in Alappuzha district of Kerala state, Achuthanandan had to face many hurdles from a very early age. He was born into an Ezhava family. He lost his mother when he was four years old and subsequently lost his father at age 11. This forced him to quit his studies after finishing 8th standard in school. He started working by helping his elder brother in a village tailoring shop. Later he took up the job of meshing coir to make ropes at a coir factory.[7][8]
Political life[link]
He entered politics through trade union activities and joined State Congress in 1938. In 1940, he became a member of the Communist Party of India (CPI). During his 40 years as a politician he was imprisoned for five years and six months and was in hiding for four and half years. He was a state secretariat member of the CPI in 1957. During the Sino-Indian war in 1962, he was with the nationalists in the party, supporting Indian side. EMS announced in Thalassery that disciplinary action is taken against V.S Achuthanandan along with O.V.Joseph (secretariat members) who were involved in factional activities. He was demoted in the party rank when he participated in a blood donation camp to help Indian soldiers.[9] He is the only living Keralite among the 32 members who left the CPI National Council in 1964 to form the CPI(M). He was Secretary of the Kerala State Committee between 1980 and 1992. Since 1985 he is the member of the CPI(M) Polit Bureau until he was removed as a party disciplinary action. He is the senior most leader of CPI(M) in Kerala.
Suspension[link]
On 26 May 2007, the CPI(M) along with Pinarayi Vijayan, state secretary of CPI(M), from the Politburo for their public remarks on each other. The central committee has approved the Politburo's decision to suspend them. Later the central committee revoked the suspension of VS. Further, on 11 July 9, he was removed from Politburo as a corrective measure against his public speeches considered to be against the party line that Mr. Pinarayi Vijayan is innocent in SNC Lavalin corruption case, which the party saw as disobedience to the party. He was allowed to continue to serve as Chief Minister.[10][11]
Leadership[link]
Achuthanandan has served many positions in his long political career. He was the Kerala State Secretary of the CPI(M) between 1980 and 1992 and he became a member of the Politburo in 1985. He has also been active in parliamentary politics; he was elected as a member of Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1967, 1970, 1991, 2001 and 2006. He was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1992 to 1996 and from 2001 to 2006. He was the editor of CPI(M) mouth piece in Malayalam, Deshabhimani daily.
2006 Assembly Elections/Removal from PB in July 2009[link]
During the assembly elections held in Kerala in April–May 2006, VS Achuthanandan defeated Satheesan Pacheeni of the United Democratic Front by a margin of 20,017 votes in Malampuzha constituency in Palakkad district.On 12 July the CPM Polit bureau and Central Committee removed him from the PB for his stands taken in relation to the accusation and legal procedures against Pinarayi Vijayan in his reported involvement in the Lavlin bribery.
2011 Assembly election[link]
Denial of seat[link]
The CPI(M) denied seat to Achuthanandan, for the 2011 assembly election. Protests took place across the state and even on social networking sites such as Twitter, facebook and via SMS.[12]
In what can be considered as a near repeat of the 2006 pre-election build-up, the Politbureau of CPI-M impressed upon the state leadership to permit VS Achuthanandan to contest elections for the April 2011 Assembly election in Kerala[13] VS Achuthanandan contested from the Malampuzha Constituency and won with a margin of around 25K votes. It was the VS factor that had created history in the 2011 elections with the Opposition front UDF winning the elections on the margin of 72–68 assembly seats. This is considered as loss for UDF as they had victory in 100 constituencies during the 2009 Lok Sabha Election. After this election VS has been considered the man behind the Uprising of LDF after the 2009 Parliament and 2010 Municipal election loses.[14]
The elections[link]
After decades of a consistent pattern of swing between two coalition in the state elections, where people voted against the incumbent government consistently, Achuthanandan boast of a government with a no anti-incumbency factor ending in a 68–72 tally in the 140 seat state Assembly elections.
Major achievements[link]
- Initiated action against encroachment on government land in the hill resort and tea plantation town of Munnar.[15][16]
- On 30 December 2007, he became the first Communist CM to trail to the 4000-year-old hill temple of Sabarimala. The 84-year-old Achuthanandan rejected any sort of physical or medical support as he worried doctors[17]
- V S Achuthanandan supports free and open source software movement in the state and Richard Stallman has also supported his activities regarding this.[18]
Issues[link]
Controversies[link]
- During the 2006 Assembly Elections, the party had to revert its decision of not to field Achuthanandan as a candidate. This was in reaction to organised protest marches by CPI(M) sympathisers across the state.
- He initiated the Munnar eviction mission. Massive portions of land allegedly grabbed over the years by resort owners and multinational companies like Tata Tea Limited. Later, the demolition team landed in the city of Kochi, and other cities in Kerala and recovered huge parts of land and subsequently. Unfortunately, the mission had failed and even the team which led it was orphaned. The District Collector, Inspector General of Police and the Person in charge had been replaced. As the opponents’ claim, this may cause to have lost some credibility of the government. Meanwhile, Achuthanandan said that the Munnar mission would continue vigorously and extended to other areas[19][20][21]
- Being the chief minister of the state, he has to frequently face struggle with Pinarayi Vijayan, the powerful head of the party which leads the ruling coalition. Both of them are heading for showdowns, which often lacking Achuthanandan to take strong decisions. This power struggle often turned worse as both attacking each other. As a result, this group fights created two set of party leaders and even the ministers in the government, the name called VS groups and Pinarayi groups.[22][23]
- In a statement he called M.A. Pharis, a businessman in Kerala as a ‘hated man’ as the latter’s alleged involvement with the kidney racket in Singapore.
- During the CPM state conference held in Kottayam, he has been criticized strongly due to his style of functioning by a majority of Pinarayi Vijayan supporters (38/53) known as official faction and they demanded his ouster from Chief Minister. They warned that the party would lose seats if it goes for ahead parliamentary elections under his leadership.[24][25]
- Achuthanandan was criticized for his allegedly insensitive comments in response to the abusive language used by slain NSG commando Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan's father. Chief Minister was criticized for his delay in condoling the family. When the Chief Minister visited the family of slain soldier against the wishes of Sandeep's father, he shouted at Achuthanandan and abused him on live television, stating "no dog should enter my house", and asked him to leave. Later, to the question from media persons: "How would you react to Sandeep Unnikrishnan's father's statement?" he replied "If Sandeep were not an army person who sacrificed for a nation's cause, not even a dog would enter. Would they? A father of such a distinguished army man should be aware of it . Is there any rule that both the Karnataka Chief Minister and Kerala Chief Minister should go together to his (Sandeep's) home? If not for Sandeep's house, not even a dog would have gone there."(translated to English from his reply in Malayalam).[26][27][28]
Criticism[link]
The crop destruction drive[link]
The anti-reclamation stir launched by the Kerala State Karshaka Thozhilali Union (KSKTU) at Mankompu in 1996–97, under the leadership of Achuthanandan created much controversy. This stir was claimed to be highlighting the serious problem of the massive conversion of paddy fields into other type of land, affecting the food security of the Kerala. But this soon developed into a crop destruction drive. The protest got the sobriquet following the violent methods and crop destruction resorted to by the KSKTU cadre. The stir attracted lot of public attention and Achuthanandan was forced to express his disapproval of any destruction of crops. 15 Years later, in November 2011, a UDF Minister, who is politically opposed to Achuthanadan, justified this struggle.[29] JanataDal Socialist leader and minister for Agriculture, K.P. Mohananan, said, such a struggle was necessary as Conversion of Paddy fields to other type of crops is a serious concern.
Allegations of misuse Of power[link]
V. A. Arun Kumar, son of V. S. Achuthanandan, was appointed as Additional Director for the Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD), a state owned organization controlling a handful of state owned engineering colleges, technical schools and other institutions. This appointment is alleged to be irregular.[30][31][32][33] The post in question is equivalent to that of a Pro-Vice-Cancellor for an institution that controls several state owned Engineering colleges. And hence the post should be filled by a person possessing at least a PhD and Masters in Engineering while the appointed V. A. Arun Kumar possesses only an undergraduate degree and that too in a non-science faculty. It is been alleged that changes were made in the notification for appointing Mr. Arun Kumar and the existing qualifications of additional director were amended to enable V. A. Arun Kumar to apply for the post.[30] This issue in now facing a Lokayuktha enquiry as well as a Vigilance[34][35] enquiry. Also his son was nominated for the post of the director of ICST which is now facing a Assembly Committee enquiry. He is facing yet another Lokayuktha enquiry regarding allegations related to the Model Finishing School of (IHRD).[36]
In popular culture[link]
- In the Malayalam film 15 August, the character of Chief Minister of Kerala played by actor Nedumudi Venu was inspired by the political life of V. S. Achuthanandan.
- Thilakan portrayed the role of Chief Minister, which had close resemblance with V.S.Achuthanandan, in the film Ayudham
| Preceded by Oommen Chandy |
Chief Minister of Kerala 2006–2011 |
Succeeded by Oommen Chandy |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "CPM drops VS from Politburo". The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cpm-drops-vs-from-politburo-gives-pinarayi/488362/. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "V.S. Achuthanandan - Profile". http://www.keralaministers.com/MinDetails-17/Achuthanandan.html?min_id=9&auth_id=1. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Kerala govt cleans up Munnar for tourists". DNA. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_kerala-govt-cleans-up-munnar-for-tourists_1096087. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Jail for one corrupt politician". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/article1468875.ece. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "V.S. Achuthanandan vs R. Balakrishna Pillai on 13 May 1994". http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1296574/. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "Government will popularise free software, says Achuthanandan". The Hindu. http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/22/stories/2006082210770400.htm. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "V S Achuthanandan: No movies for 30 years, no school beyond Class 7, his first job was weaving coir mattresses". The Indian Express. India. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/v-s-achuthanandan-no-movies-for-30-years-no-school-beyond-class-7-his-first-job-was-weaving-coir-mattresses/4413/.
- ^ "Profile of Achuthanandan". Niyamasabha.org. Archived from the original on 2010-09-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20100927065701/http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/chiefm.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- ^ "During China war, comrades cracked down on VS for saying let’s give blood to jawans". The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/during-china-war-comrades-cracked-down-on-vs-for-saying-lets-give-blood-to-jawans/488983/0.
- ^ "Achuthanandan, Pinarayi Vijayan suspended". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 27 May 2007. http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/27/stories/2007052706140100.htm.
- ^ "CPI-M revokes suspension of Achuthanandan, Vijayan". Yahoo! India. http://in.news.yahoo.com/071001/43/6leot.html.
- ^ "Achuthanandan not contesting in the election". The Hindu (India). 27 March 2011. http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/17/stories/2011031767500600.htm.
- ^ "CPM drops, takes back warhorse Achuthanandan". The Indian Express (India). 18 March 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cpm-drops-takes-back-warhorse-achuthanandan/764381/.
- ^ "UDF wins Kerala, but loses to Achuthanandan". ZEE News. 13 May 2011. http://www.zeenews.com/blog/40/blog549.html.
- ^ govt. to deal sternly with Munnar encroachers The Hindu dated 23Jan2010
- ^ Munnar’s illegal constructions to be demolished Thaiindian dated 30Jan2010
- ^ [1][dead link]
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- ^ "Mission Munnar-Comrade on a bulldozer". The Tribune. India. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070722/spectrum/main2.htm.
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- ^ "Kerala Model". The Verdict India. http://www.theverdictindia.com/kerala.asp.
- ^ "Achuthanandan, Pinarayi head for showdown". Deccan Herald. India. http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/May242007/national200705233414.asp.
- ^ "VS vs Pinarayi The long and short of it". Hard News. http://www.hardnewsmedia.com/portal/2007/10/1321.
- ^ "State leaders seek Kerala CM’s ouster". Khaleej Times. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2008/February/subcontinent_February399.xml§ion=subcontinent&col=.
- ^ "Majority in CPM wants Achuthanandan out". DNA. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1150758.
- ^ Kerala CM’s remarks invite sharp criticism. Sify.com (2 December 2008). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ "Major Unnikrishnan's father refuses to meet Kerala CM". Times of India (India). 30 November 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3777042.cms.
- ^ Achuthanandan snubbed by slain Major's father NDTV
- ^ http://www.doolnews.com/kp-mohanan-sopports-vs-strike-malayalam-news-473.html
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- ^ ExpressBuzz. ExpressBuzz (3 March 2011). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ ExpressBuzz. ExpressBuzz (11 June 2011). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ The Hindu 17 June 2011. Hindu.com (17 June 2011). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
- ^ Mathrubhumi. Mathrubhumi (25 May 2011). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
Further read[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: V. S. Achuthanandan |
- Indianetzone news about V S Achuthanandan
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- Tehelka News
- comradevs.com, A webpage designed for V S Achuthanandan
- An interview with VS Tehelka
- Has the son put the father In the dock? From Tehelka Magazine, Vol 8, Issue 11, Dated 19 Mar 2011
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Achuthanandan, V. S. |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian politician |
| Date of birth | 20 October 1923 |
| Place of birth | Alappuzha, Travancore |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/V._S._Achuthanandan
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http://fr.wn.com/Velikkakathu Sankaran Achuthanandan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
