- published: 27 Jun 2016
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In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or how it was used in the past) by a group of people in a speech community.
All scholarly research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others.
Linguistic description is often contrasted with linguistic prescription, which is found especially in education and in publishing. Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language use, and can be thought of as a presentation of the fruits of descriptive research in a learnable form, though it also draws on more subjective aspects of language aesthetics. Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities and sometimes are seen to be in conflict. Descriptivism is the belief that description is more significant or important to teach, study, and practice than prescription.
DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS
When we're studying language, what rules are the rules that matter? This week, The Ling Space takes a look at prescriptive and descriptive rules, and explains why the rules that tell you how you actually do something are more interesting and more scientific than the ones that tell you how you should do it. This is Topic #3! This week's tag language: Tagalog! Find us on all the social media worlds: Tumblr: thelingspace.tumblr.com Twitter: @TheLingSpace Facebook: www.facebook.com/thelingspace/ And at our website, www.thelingspace.com! Our website also has extra content about this week's topic at www.thelingspace.com/episode-3/ We also have forums to discuss this episode, and linguistics more generally! Spanish subtitles by Federico Falletti Looking forward to next week!
What is Linguistics? | Definition and Branches of Linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, specifically language form, language meaning, and language in context. Linguistics is that particular science which studies the origin, organization, nature and development of language descriptively, historically, comparatively, explicitly and formulates the general rules related to language. Now, let’s discuss some of the branches of linguistics. General linguistics is a study of the phenomena, historical changes, and functions of language without restriction to a particular language or to a particular aspect of language such as phonetics, grammar and stylistics. Descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or ho...
In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used by a group of people in a speech community. All scholarly research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video
This is a short description of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. It gives a brief description of the history, the guiding principles and skills, as well as some uses of NLP.
Bernard and Cerinthe is a film by Alastair Cook for Linda France’s first placed poem in the National Poetry Competition 2013, commissioned by Filmpoem and Felix Poetry Festival in association with the Poetry Society. From the National Poetry Competition judges: 'This strange narrative of a man being seduced by a plant charmed the judges with its vivid imagery and linguistic wit. Its precisely honed couplets move from elegant description (‘the bruise of bracts, petals, purple // shrimps’) to a tragicomic climax, in which our hero finds himself ‘a buffoon in front of a saloon honey / high-kicking the can-can. Can’t-can’t’. Truly imaginative and richly musical, ‘Bernard and Cerinthe’ is as much a pleasure to read on the page as it is on the tongue, and as such was the unanimous choice of th...
Ecstatic Significations: Psychedelics and Language Psychedelics can enable a broad and paradoxical spectrum of linguistic phenomena from the unspeakability of mystical experience to the eloquence of Mazatec curandera Maria Sabina. Interior dialogues with the Other, whether framed as the voice of the Logos, an alien download, or communion with ancestors and spirits, are relatively common. Visual languages appear: Allyson Gray’s “secret writing;” Terence McKenna’s multidimensional, synaesthetic, self-transforming linguistic objects; Dennis McKenna’s description of a ring of violet trans-linguistic matter; and the Glide symbolic system of 3-dimensional, transforming visual metaphors introduce novel ways of making meaning, beyond our familiar “natural” languages. Examining psychedelic experien...
By @jasonsilva and @notthisbody - Follow us on Twitter! "The adjacent possible is a kind of shadow future, hovering on the edges of the present state of things, a map of all the ways in which the present can reinvent itself." - Steven Johnson Other videos - You are a RCVR - http://vimeo.com/27671433 To Understand Is To Perceive Patterns - http://vimeo.com/34182381 Imagination - http://vimeo.com/34902950 Abundance - http://vimeo.com/34984088 INSPIRATION: This video is inspired, in part, by the ideas explored in David Deutsch’s new book, THE BEGINNING OF INFINITY. We hope it moves you. "The topographical shape and the material constitution of the upper surface of the island of Manhattan, as it exists today, is much less a matter of geology than it is of economics and politics ...
by @notthisbody and @jason_silva http://notthisbody.com INSPIRATION: This video is inspired, in part, by the ideas explored in David Deutsch’s new book, THE BEGINNING OF INFINITY. We hope it moves you. In our work, we use the tools of editing: we juxtapose 'transcalar' imagery, cutting and overlapping the very small and the very large... From the nano to the galactic, stretching and compressing time, we feature time lapse to reveal the repetitive and recurring patterns across different scales of reality. The aim is to provide multiple perspectives all at once, whose simultaneous presentation might cause spontaneous epiphanies. “These patterns are omnipresent, but only when we see these patterns in a more compressed mode of presentation to we start to attend to them as such.” -- This is...
Aldo Manuzio, using the Latinized name of Aldus Pius Manutius (1449 – 1515) was an Italian humanist who became a printer and publisher with the foundation of his legendary Aldine Press in Venice. His publishing legacy includes the distinctions of inventing italic type, and introducing portable books in small formats bound in vellum. In 1499 he printed the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. This is an extraordinary book. Firstly, it is the only illustrated work ever published by the Aldine Press. Secondly, the work is written in ‘macaronic’. This is a linguistic mixture of Latin and vernacular, in this case Latin and Italian. Macaronic languages arose throughout Europe at the end of the Middle-Ages at a time that Latin, used by scholars and clergymen, was gradually losing ground to vernacular among...
Concept Mandragora Officinarum by director and visualist Tiago Pereira is a live video performance based on the fusion of religion, xamanism, and alternative medicine concepts. It unveils different fields of knowledge such as ethno-history, ethno-linguistics and ethno-botanic reinforcing the value of oral narratives, music and rituals in society. This post-cinematic event gathers samples of contemporary music and field recording on collective memory that deeps in dynamic and unconventional aspects of culture. The descriptions collected on popular beliefs, botanic and their contradictions with science and religion are put together with musical narratives aiming at new strings of creative thought that instigate and renovate today’s identity process. about: Mandragora Officinarum is the comm...
Addressability (2011) - On a large plexiglass screen suspended in space, an ongoing imaging process is visualized. A sudden burst of energy scrambles the visual coherency of an image, picture elements careening off into the far reaches of a three-dimensional virtual matrix. The pixel or “basic unit of programmable color” as Graham Harwood calls it, is for a brief moment freed from its representational burden, traversing space, becoming nothing but pure chromatic value and geometrical coordinate, caught up in a turbulent, expansive moment. For media theorist Friedrich Kittler, the addressability of the pixel provides the conditions of possibility for what he calls the virtualization of optics. Where the physical camera lens once embodied the laws of optics in order to model and extend the...
Title; 'A Hunt' 2011 Public Performance, Documentation in a Video. 10mins Project Description. 'A Hunt' is a public vocal performance that functions as a sound intervention in the streets of Soho London. The project has resulted in several live performances, audio and video works and the print production of ‘A hunt’ the urban hunting manual. The name "Soho" derives from an old English hunting call, an adaption of 'Seeho' which in old hunting lingo means 'seen a hare'. In 'A hunt', six female performers re-enact a hunt, communicating with their voices alone and the semi-linguistic sounds of ancient hunting calls. I have transcribed traditional beagle and fox hunting calls and stage a contemporary hunt with six female vocalist, who use this abstract human animal/hybrid language to hunt and ...
You can support our project by first visiting http://www.nordstarter.org/eigenwahrnehmung EIGEN:WAHRNEHMUNG Fotoausstellung [scroll down for the English concept] Kern der Ausstellung ist es einen Eindruck davon zu vermitteln wie oder was Wahrnehmung ist, wie sie funktioniert und/oder gestört werden kann. Umsetzung Visuell 2 Thematische Bereiche: Portrait und Raumfotografie (im weitesten Sinne) von beiden Künstlern. 2 KontraPunkte: - die Abstraktion und Überzeichnung im Selbstportrait wird einer veränderten Raumfotographie gegenübergestellt -- wie nehme ich meine Person wahr - wie nehme ich die Anonymisierung in der Großstadt wahr - Wer ist mein Gegenüber und wie oft? (Fotos Iuli Banu) GEGENÜBERGESTELLT mit einfachen Mitteln veränderter Raum - Torsion - Dadurch entstehen Illusionen ...
DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS
When we're studying language, what rules are the rules that matter? This week, The Ling Space takes a look at prescriptive and descriptive rules, and explains why the rules that tell you how you actually do something are more interesting and more scientific than the ones that tell you how you should do it. This is Topic #3! This week's tag language: Tagalog! Find us on all the social media worlds: Tumblr: thelingspace.tumblr.com Twitter: @TheLingSpace Facebook: www.facebook.com/thelingspace/ And at our website, www.thelingspace.com! Our website also has extra content about this week's topic at www.thelingspace.com/episode-3/ We also have forums to discuss this episode, and linguistics more generally! Spanish subtitles by Federico Falletti Looking forward to next week!
What is Linguistics? | Definition and Branches of Linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, specifically language form, language meaning, and language in context. Linguistics is that particular science which studies the origin, organization, nature and development of language descriptively, historically, comparatively, explicitly and formulates the general rules related to language. Now, let’s discuss some of the branches of linguistics. General linguistics is a study of the phenomena, historical changes, and functions of language without restriction to a particular language or to a particular aspect of language such as phonetics, grammar and stylistics. Descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used (or ho...
In the study of language, description or descriptive linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and describing how language is actually used by a group of people in a speech community. All scholarly research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other sciences, its aim is to observe the linguistic world as it is, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be. Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video
This is a short description of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. It gives a brief description of the history, the guiding principles and skills, as well as some uses of NLP.
Bernard and Cerinthe is a film by Alastair Cook for Linda France’s first placed poem in the National Poetry Competition 2013, commissioned by Filmpoem and Felix Poetry Festival in association with the Poetry Society. From the National Poetry Competition judges: 'This strange narrative of a man being seduced by a plant charmed the judges with its vivid imagery and linguistic wit. Its precisely honed couplets move from elegant description (‘the bruise of bracts, petals, purple // shrimps’) to a tragicomic climax, in which our hero finds himself ‘a buffoon in front of a saloon honey / high-kicking the can-can. Can’t-can’t’. Truly imaginative and richly musical, ‘Bernard and Cerinthe’ is as much a pleasure to read on the page as it is on the tongue, and as such was the unanimous choice of th...
Ecstatic Significations: Psychedelics and Language Psychedelics can enable a broad and paradoxical spectrum of linguistic phenomena from the unspeakability of mystical experience to the eloquence of Mazatec curandera Maria Sabina. Interior dialogues with the Other, whether framed as the voice of the Logos, an alien download, or communion with ancestors and spirits, are relatively common. Visual languages appear: Allyson Gray’s “secret writing;” Terence McKenna’s multidimensional, synaesthetic, self-transforming linguistic objects; Dennis McKenna’s description of a ring of violet trans-linguistic matter; and the Glide symbolic system of 3-dimensional, transforming visual metaphors introduce novel ways of making meaning, beyond our familiar “natural” languages. Examining psychedelic experien...
By @jasonsilva and @notthisbody - Follow us on Twitter! "The adjacent possible is a kind of shadow future, hovering on the edges of the present state of things, a map of all the ways in which the present can reinvent itself." - Steven Johnson Other videos - You are a RCVR - http://vimeo.com/27671433 To Understand Is To Perceive Patterns - http://vimeo.com/34182381 Imagination - http://vimeo.com/34902950 Abundance - http://vimeo.com/34984088 INSPIRATION: This video is inspired, in part, by the ideas explored in David Deutsch’s new book, THE BEGINNING OF INFINITY. We hope it moves you. "The topographical shape and the material constitution of the upper surface of the island of Manhattan, as it exists today, is much less a matter of geology than it is of economics and politics ...
by @notthisbody and @jason_silva http://notthisbody.com INSPIRATION: This video is inspired, in part, by the ideas explored in David Deutsch’s new book, THE BEGINNING OF INFINITY. We hope it moves you. In our work, we use the tools of editing: we juxtapose 'transcalar' imagery, cutting and overlapping the very small and the very large... From the nano to the galactic, stretching and compressing time, we feature time lapse to reveal the repetitive and recurring patterns across different scales of reality. The aim is to provide multiple perspectives all at once, whose simultaneous presentation might cause spontaneous epiphanies. “These patterns are omnipresent, but only when we see these patterns in a more compressed mode of presentation to we start to attend to them as such.” -- This is...
Aldo Manuzio, using the Latinized name of Aldus Pius Manutius (1449 – 1515) was an Italian humanist who became a printer and publisher with the foundation of his legendary Aldine Press in Venice. His publishing legacy includes the distinctions of inventing italic type, and introducing portable books in small formats bound in vellum. In 1499 he printed the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. This is an extraordinary book. Firstly, it is the only illustrated work ever published by the Aldine Press. Secondly, the work is written in ‘macaronic’. This is a linguistic mixture of Latin and vernacular, in this case Latin and Italian. Macaronic languages arose throughout Europe at the end of the Middle-Ages at a time that Latin, used by scholars and clergymen, was gradually losing ground to vernacular among...
Concept Mandragora Officinarum by director and visualist Tiago Pereira is a live video performance based on the fusion of religion, xamanism, and alternative medicine concepts. It unveils different fields of knowledge such as ethno-history, ethno-linguistics and ethno-botanic reinforcing the value of oral narratives, music and rituals in society. This post-cinematic event gathers samples of contemporary music and field recording on collective memory that deeps in dynamic and unconventional aspects of culture. The descriptions collected on popular beliefs, botanic and their contradictions with science and religion are put together with musical narratives aiming at new strings of creative thought that instigate and renovate today’s identity process. about: Mandragora Officinarum is the comm...
Addressability (2011) - On a large plexiglass screen suspended in space, an ongoing imaging process is visualized. A sudden burst of energy scrambles the visual coherency of an image, picture elements careening off into the far reaches of a three-dimensional virtual matrix. The pixel or “basic unit of programmable color” as Graham Harwood calls it, is for a brief moment freed from its representational burden, traversing space, becoming nothing but pure chromatic value and geometrical coordinate, caught up in a turbulent, expansive moment. For media theorist Friedrich Kittler, the addressability of the pixel provides the conditions of possibility for what he calls the virtualization of optics. Where the physical camera lens once embodied the laws of optics in order to model and extend the...
Title; 'A Hunt' 2011 Public Performance, Documentation in a Video. 10mins Project Description. 'A Hunt' is a public vocal performance that functions as a sound intervention in the streets of Soho London. The project has resulted in several live performances, audio and video works and the print production of ‘A hunt’ the urban hunting manual. The name "Soho" derives from an old English hunting call, an adaption of 'Seeho' which in old hunting lingo means 'seen a hare'. In 'A hunt', six female performers re-enact a hunt, communicating with their voices alone and the semi-linguistic sounds of ancient hunting calls. I have transcribed traditional beagle and fox hunting calls and stage a contemporary hunt with six female vocalist, who use this abstract human animal/hybrid language to hunt and ...
You can support our project by first visiting http://www.nordstarter.org/eigenwahrnehmung EIGEN:WAHRNEHMUNG Fotoausstellung [scroll down for the English concept] Kern der Ausstellung ist es einen Eindruck davon zu vermitteln wie oder was Wahrnehmung ist, wie sie funktioniert und/oder gestört werden kann. Umsetzung Visuell 2 Thematische Bereiche: Portrait und Raumfotografie (im weitesten Sinne) von beiden Künstlern. 2 KontraPunkte: - die Abstraktion und Überzeichnung im Selbstportrait wird einer veränderten Raumfotographie gegenübergestellt -- wie nehme ich meine Person wahr - wie nehme ich die Anonymisierung in der Großstadt wahr - Wer ist mein Gegenüber und wie oft? (Fotos Iuli Banu) GEGENÜBERGESTELLT mit einfachen Mitteln veränderter Raum - Torsion - Dadurch entstehen Illusionen ...
http://www.soas.ac.uk/linguistics/ This seminar titled "Methodology and Citation: The State of the Art in Linguistics" was given by Lauren Gawne as part of the Linguistics Departmental Seminar Series at SOAS University of London on 17 November 2015. Find out more about this event at http://goo.gl/09CRLc The notion of reproducible research has received considerable attention in recent years from physical scientists, life scientists, social and behavioural scientists, and computational scientists. Within linguistics there is growing awareness of the importance of producing a coherent corpus for analysis. Within descriptive linguistics we have been encouraged to consider that data collected with documentary methods should be used to enable verification of descriptive claims based upon them ...
The ‘genius' of the language: discovering pervasive plan and unique design in linguistic description Lecture by Anthony Woodbury, Hale Professor, at the Max Palevsky Cinema in Ida Noyes. Lenore Grenoble was the introducer.
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) Audio Description (AD) provides linguistic descriptions of movies and allows visually impaired people to follow a movie along with their peers. Such descriptions are by design mainly visual and thus naturally form an interesting data source for computer vision and computational linguistics. In this work we propose a novel dataset which contains transcribed ADs, which are temporally aligned to full length movies. In addition we also collected and aligned movie scripts used in prior work and compare the two sources of descriptions. In total the Large Scale Movie Description Challenge (LSMDC) contains a parallel corpus of 118,114 sentences and video clips from 202 movies. First we characterize the dataset by b...
This video is about bargaining in Bobo-Dioulasso, the second largest city of Burkina Faso. On top of being an economic artifact, bargaining enables customers and vendors to create a bond that is often revealed to be crucial for future relationships. This detailed description shows how linguistic and cultural knowledge intertwine in the production and interpretation of bargaining speech events.
Description: Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, political commentator, social justice activist, and anarcho-syndicalist advocate. Sometimes described as the "father of modern linguistics", Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy. He has spent most of his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he is currently Professor Emeritus, and has authored over 100 books. He has been described as a prominent cultural figure, and was voted the "world's top public intellectual" in a 2005 poll. Chomsky spoke on the "Cognitive Revolution" at the University of Girona in Spain in November of 1992. Published by It Can Be Pictures, Boulder, CO. itcanbepictures.com
DESCRIPTION: There is plenty of elements in Christopher Tin's albums: it doesn't concern only music (of course, music is what ties all together), but also linguistics (every song is in a different language), literature (every text is an excerpt from a pre-existent text adapted to an original music), philosophy (the cycle structure of albums, their religious/social/poetic content); this is what, in my opinion, makes his work of great artistic and cultural value. I wanted to study his songs, especially their texts, and the best way to do that was to read lyrics and translations simultaneously with the music; Christopher Tin allowes us to do that with a free download of his albums' digital booklets in his official website (https://www.christophertin.com/); anyway, to make things even easier,...
With generous descriptions of linguistic experiments and collaborative projects Dr. Abbas Benmamoun shares his expertise about the challenges and opportunities in the field of Arabic as a second-language in regard to second generation Arab-Americans.
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) Audio Description (AD) provides linguistic descriptions of movies and allows visually impaired people to follow a movie along with their peers. Such descriptions are by design mainly visual and thus naturally form an interesting data source for computer vision and computational linguistics. In this work we propose a novel dataset which contains transcribed ADs, which are temporally aligned to full length movies. In addition we also collected and aligned movie scripts used in prior work and compare the two sources of descriptions. In total the Large Scale Movie Description Challenge (LSMDC) contains a parallel corpus of 118,114 sentences and video clips from 202 movies. First we characterize the dataset by b...
Anthony Woodbury (UT-Austin) presents the Hale Lecture at the 2015 Linguistic Institute. Lenore Grenoble was the introducer. Full title: "The ‘Genius' of The Language: Discovering Pervasive Plan and Unique Design in Linguistic Description" Event description: https://lsa2015.uchicago.edu/events/hale-lecture-anthony-woodbury-reception Live tweet summary: https://twitter.com/lsa_2017/timelines/627361456795709440 Thanks to Alan Yu and the 2015 Institute staff for recording and sharing this video.
Maria "Masha" Polinsky (University of Maryland) presents the Forum Lecture at the 2015 LSA Linguistic Institute. Event description: https://lsa2015.uchicago.edu/events/forum-lecture-maria-polinsky-reception Thanks to Alan Yu and the 2015 Institute staff for recording and sharing this video.