Llívia
—  Municipality  —
Border stone between Spain and France, for the municipalities of Llívia (Girona) and Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (Pyrénées-Orientales).
Coat of arms
Location of Llívia in the province of Girona.
Llívia Location in France (Spanish exclave)
Coordinates: 42°27′36″N 1°58′48″E / 42.46°N 1.98°E / 42.46; 1.98Coordinates: 42°27′36″N 1°58′48″E / 42.46°N 1.98°E / 42.46; 1.98
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Catalonia
Province	Girona
Comarca	Cerdanya
Judicial district	Puigcerdà
Government
• Alcalde	Josep Pous Rodríguez (2007) (CIU)
Area
• Total	12.83 km2 (4.95 sq mi)
Elevation	1,224 m (4,016 ft)
Population (2009)
• Total	1,589
• Density	120/km2 (320/sq mi)
Demonym	Llivienses
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	17527
Official language(s)
Website	Official website

Llívia (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎiβiə]) is a town of Cerdanya, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a Spanish exclave within the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales. In 2009, the municipality of Llívia had a total population of 1,589.^[1]

Llívia is separated from the rest of Spain by a corridor about 2 km wide, which includes the French communes of Ur and Bourg-Madame.

The Esteve Pharmacy, located in Llívia, is a medieval pharmacy, one of the oldest in Europe, founded at the beginning of the 15th century. It keeps albarelos, i.e., medieval type of ceramic pots used in pharmacies, as well as antique drugs, and one of the most important collections of prescription books in Europe.

History[link]

Llívia was the site of an Iberian oppidum which commanded the region and was named Julia Libica by the Romans. It was the ancient capital of Cerdanya in antiquity, before being replaced by Hix (commune of Bourg-Madame, France) in the Middle Ages. During the Visigothic period, its citadel, the castrum Libiae, was held by the rebel Paul of Narbonne against King Wamba in 672.

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees ceded the comarques of Roussillon, Conflent, Capcir, Vallespir, and northern Cerdanya ("Cerdagne") to the French crown. Llívia did not become part of the French kingdom as the treaty stipulated that only villages were to be ceded to France, and Llívia was considered a city and not a village due to its status as the ancient capital of Cerdanya.^[2]

In 1939, at the end of the Spanish Civil War, there was some discussion of Llívia remaining a free territory of the defeated Republican government, but this was never carried out.^[3]

Events[link]

Every second complete week in July, classes about traditional and popular festivities and festivals in Catalonia, and different performances by leading artists. Official website

References[link]

• Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan).

v t e Municipalities of the comarca of Cerdanya Alp Bellver de Cerdanya Bolvir Das Fontanals de Cerdanya Ger Guils de Cerdanya Isòvol Lles de Cerdanya Llívia Meranges Montellà i Martinet Prats i Sansor Prullans Puigcerdà Riu de Cerdanya Urús

2 Minutos or Dos Minutos are a punk rock band from Argentina. They are one of the most important bands of the genre to emerge in argentine rock in the 1990s, highly influential across the Spanish-speaking world, and also popular in the punk scene of the United States.

Biography[link]

The band can trace its beginnings to the end of the 1980s, playing around in the punk holes of Buenos Aires. Over that period the group would be influenced by the likes of The Undertones, The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and other punk pioneers.

The group continued to play the local circuits in the early 1990s. In 1992, the band participated in a collective album produced by an independent label called Mentes Abiertas, with its songs "Ya No Sos Igual" and "Arrebato" catching the attention of the Polygram Label, who would sign the band soon after.^[1]

1994 would be the studio album debut for 2 Minutos. Valentín Alsina was named in honor of their hometown, and it turned into a bigger hit than even the band or the label had expected on the back of the hit single "Ya no sos Igual" ("You're not the same anymore"), about a corner store clerk whom they found out was also a Federal Police officer.^[2] A controversy erupted however between the band and "Pil Trafa", a member of Los Violadores, with Pil Trafa accusing 2 Minutos of having "un-punk" lyrics about beer, football, and street fighting, which he considered those of bored, middle-class 90s suburban kids.

Nonetheless, 2 Minutos became a mid 90s darling of the argentine punk world, and they also gained large followings by simple word-of-mouth across Latin America, specially after the release of their Valentín Alsina follow-up, Volvió la Alegría, Vieja!. They also gained notoriety in the American punk scene, to the point the became the 1st Argentine punk band to dedicate a tour of the United States in 1995. A highlight of that tour was their performance at the mythic CBGB club, which they sold out. Back home, they shared the stage with The Ramones in their 96 farewell concert.

The third studio album was released in mid 1997. Postal 97 featured the hit singles "Gatillo fácil", "Qué yeta", and "Recuerdos en la arena". International success lead Polygram to renew and improve the contract for 2 minutos that year.

They kept issuing albums every year or two. With the mid 2000s seeing the band as now weathered veterans of the punk movement, 2 Minutos released their latest studio album Un Mundo de Sensaciones, which may actually show a slight maturing process in the, still, small town punks from Valentín Alsina. Guest artists included Sebastián Teysera (La Vela Puerca), and Claudio O'Connor. Some fans argued that the band lost the original sense of punk rock, due to commercial success and non-punk lyrical content of their last albums.^[3]

Discography[link]

• Valentín Alsina, 1994
• Volvió la alegría vieja, 1995
• Postal 97, 1997
• Advertencia, 1998
• Novedades, 1999
• Antorchas, 2000
• Vida Monótona, 2002
• Superocho, 2004
• Un Mundo de Sensaciones, 2006
• Vamos a la granja/Directo al infierno, 2010

See also[link]

• Argentine punk

References[link]

1. ^ Bonacich, Drago. Biography of 2 Minutos at Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
2. ^ 2 Minutos www.rock.com.ar (Spanish)
3. ^ [1] PunksUnidos.com.ar Forum

External links[link]

• Official site (Spanish)