- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 46049
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
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Angra dos Reis
Angra dos Reis (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈə̃ɡɾɐ duʒ ˈʁeɪʃ]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the southern part of Rio de Janeiro state. It is located at an altitude of 6 meters and includes in its territory 365 offshore islands. It was discovered on January 6, 1502, but has been under continual settlement since 1556. Its population was estimated on 1 July 2009 to be 168,664 inhabitants.
It has an area of 816.3 km ². The neighboring municipalities are Paraty, Rio Claro and Mangaratiba in Rio de Janeiro state, and Bananal and São José do Barreiro, which are adjacent in São Paulo state.
The municipality fell into decline after 1872 with the advent of railways. It came back into prominence in the 1920s when a railway extension connected it to the states of Minas Gerais and Goias, as a terminus for the transportation of agriculture production from these same two states. The railway extension, in meter gauge, still exists and is currently operated by the Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica company.
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Argentina
Argentina
i/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌbɛloɾiˈzõtʃi],Beautiful Horizon) is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, located in the southeastern region of the country. It is the third largest metropolitan area in the country. Belo Horizonte (also known as "Belô", "Beagá", or "BH") has a population of 2,475,440 inhabitants (2010) in the city and 5,497,922 people in the official Metropolitan Area (2010).
The region was first settled in the early 18th century, but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s, in order to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais. The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings, and is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons, most notably the Pampulha Complex. In planning the city, Aarão Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington, D.C. The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security, for which it has been awarded international accolades.
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Brasília
Brasília (pronounced [bɾaˈziʎɐ] nationwide, in both colloquial and educated speech) is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city is located in the Federal District, and is in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,562,963 (3,716,996 in the metropolitan area) as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. However, as a metropolitan area, it ranks lower at sixth. It is listed as a World Heritage Site UNESCO.
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies. Planning policies such as the location of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, as well as building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, have sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified activities, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector or the Embassy Sector. Brasília hosts 124 foreign embassies.
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( /ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /ˈaɪrɪs/,Spanish: [ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes]) is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after Greater Sao Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the third-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around thirteen million.
The city of Buenos Aires is not a part of Buenos Aires Province, nor is it the Province's capital, but an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalised and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores (both are currently neighborhoods of the city). The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Autonomous City of Buenos Aires). Its citizens first elected a Chief of Government (i.e. Mayor) in 1996; before, the Mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic.
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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgariai/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] (
listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Denmark
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Gabrovo
Gabrovo (Bulgarian: Габрово) is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province. It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an international capital of humour and satire (see Gabrovo humour), as well as noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture. Gabrovo is also known as the longest city in Bulgaria, stretching over 25 km[citation needed] along the Yantra, yet reaching only 1 km in width at places. The geographic center of Bulgaria - Uzana is located near the city. According to Census 2011, as of February 2011, the population of the town was 58,950 inhabitants.
The area around Gabrovo, inhabited since the Neolithic, gained economic importance after Veliko Tarnovo became capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 12th century. Craftsmanship and trade prospered due to the proximity to both the capital and the Balkan passes. Medieval Gabrovo was a small pass village of about 100 houses.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Juiz de Fora
Juiz de Fora (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒwiz dʒi ˈfɔɾɐ], External Judge), also known as J.F., is a city in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, located close to the state border with Rio de Janeiro. According to 2006 estimates the current population is about 509,125 inhabitants. The geographical area of the municipality is 1,437 km².
The city's location was determinant for its economic and demographic development, for it is placed between the three most important financial and economic metropolises of southeast Brazil (and also the three largest urban sprawls of the country): Rio de Janeiro (189 km), Belo Horizonte (260 km) and São Paulo (486 km). Major highways connect Juiz de Fora with these three metropolitan areas, the most important -and crucial for the city's recent growth- being the BR 040, which connects Brasília, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte. Running throughout the city, the Paraibuna river is a major tributary of the Paraíba do Sul river, in which basin lies the core of Brazilian heavy and high-technology industries.
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Leblon
Coordinates: 22°59′0.82″S 43°13′19.78″W / 22.9835611°S 43.2221611°W / -22.9835611; -43.2221611
Leblon is the most affluent neighbourhood in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ipanema is regarded the second most affluent are in Rio de Janeiro. It is also the name of the local beach. The neighbourhood is located in the southern zone of the city, between Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Morro Dois Irmãos and the Jardim de Alá channel, bordering the Gávea, Ipanema, Lagoa and Vidigal neighbourhoods.
The neighbourhood was named after a 19th century French businessman, Charles Leblon, who owned the area.
Is is located west of Ipanema. In the north, it is bordered by Gávea and, in the west, by a towering hill called Dois Irmãos, which translates as "two brothers", because of its split peak.
Leblon is similar to Ipanema but even more exclusive, being the home of rich and famous people. The beach is quieter and more relaxed than the hip and trendy beach of Ipanema.
Leblon is known for being a very cosmopolitan neighbourhood, with a lively nightlife across its bars, restaurants and nightclubs. Leblon has been either referenced or depicted in the following media:
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈminɐz ʒeˈɾajs]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, ranks as the second most populous, the third by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Latin America, and stands as the third largest urban aglomeration in Brazil, after the cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, born in Belo Horizonte, being one of them. The main producer of coffee and milk in the country, Minas Gerais is known for its heritage of architecture and colonial art in historical cities such as Ouro Preto, Diamantina, Tiradentes and Mariana. In the south, the tourist points are the hydro mineral spas, such as Caxambu, São Lourenço, Poços de Caldas, São Thomé das Letras, Monte Verde and the national parks of Caparaó and Canastra. The landscape of the State is marked by mountains, valleys, and large areas of fertile lands. In the Serra do Cipó, Sete Lagoas, Cordisburgo and Lagoa Santa, the caves and waterfalls are the attractions. Some of Brazil's most famous caverns are located there.
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Mongaguá
Mongaguá is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2006 is 46,977, the population density is 328.11/km² and the area is 143 km². The name comes from the Tupi language.
The municipality's street plan is on a planned grid running from SSE to NNW and many of the houses are within sight of the Atlantic Ocean. The populated area of Mongaguá is near the bottom of steep-sloping and densely-forested mountains. The BR-101 superhighway linking Santos and the southern part of the state runs through Mongaguá. The freeway to the city of São Paulo is also easily accessible. Housing developments near the beaches were built in the 1970s and the 1990s. Prior to the construction of the housing developments, the population was mainly rural. Housing development continues to this day.
There are two aboriginal villages in Mongaguá: Itaóca and Aguapéu, located in the Atlantic Mata reserve. The aboriginal community of Aguapéu conceived of the project Jaguatareí Nhemboé (Walking and Learning).
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Monumental Axis
The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central avenue in Brasília's city design.
The avenue begins on the National Congress of Brazil building and is considered part of the DF-002 road. Its first section is known as "Ministries Esplanade" ("Esplanada dos Ministérios"), as it is surrounded by ministries buildings. Many important government buildings, monuments and memorials are located on the Monumental Axis.
A common urban legend persists that the Monumental Axis is the widest road in the world, where "[100 to 160] cars can drive side by side". This is untrue, as the road consists of two avenues with six lanes on either side; a total of twelve lanes. However, it was in the Guinness Book of Records as having the widest median (central reservation) of a divided highway (dual carriageway) in the world.
Coordinates: 15°47′13″S 47°54′13″W / 15.78694°S 47.90361°W / -15.78694; -47.90361
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Nova Friburgo
Nova Friburgo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɐ ˈfɾibuχˈɡu], English: New Fribourg) is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the northern mountainous region of the state, 136 km from its capital Rio de Janeiro (city). The town is 846m (2,776 feet) above sea level and encompasses a total area of 938.5 km² (362.4 mi²).
Commonly referred to as just "Friburgo", the town has an estimated population of 178,102 people, known as "Friburguenses". It was settled by 2,006 Swiss emigrants from the canton of Fribourg, transferred to the region by royal decree from D. João VI in 1818, and was also the first town in the country to be settled by Germans. It contains the districts of Riograndina, Campo do Coelho, Amparo, Conselheiro Paulino, Lumiar and São Pedro da Serra.
On 16 May 1818, Prince Regent John VI of Portugal issued a decree allowing the Swiss representative of the Canton of Fribourg, Sebastian Nicolau Gachet, to establish a colony in Cantagalo. The purpose of this was to further encourage development within the Kingdom of Brazil and the area was chosen as it greatly resembled Swiss climate and geographical features. 100 Swiss families were to settle in the Fazenda do Morro Queimado (Farm of the Burnt Hill) where the colony of Nova Friburgo was later founded. From 1819-1820 a total of 261 families formed the original settlement nucleus and on the 17 April 1820 the government elevated its status to that of a village.
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Palácio da Alvorada
The Palácio da Alvorada (Portuguese pronunciation: [paˈlasju dɐ awvoˈɾadɐ]) is the official residence of the President of Brazil. It is located in the national capital of Brasília, on a peninsula at the margins of Paranoá Lake. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer and built between 1957 and 1958 in the modernist style. It has been the residence of every Brazilian president since Juscelino Kubitschek. The building is listed as a National Historic Heritage Site.
The building was initially referred to as the "Presidential Palace". The name "Palácio da Alvorada" ("Palace of Dawn") comes from a quote by Juscelino Kubitschek:
The Palácio da Alvorada was the first government structure built in the new federal capital. Construction began on April 3, 1957 and was completed on June 30, 1958. Niemeyer's project was based on the principles of simplicity and modernity.
In 2004, the First Lady Marisa Letícia directed the most extensive and historical restoration of the palace in its history. The project took two years to complete at a cost of $18.4 million dollars. Research was conducted to restore the rooms and décor to their original styles. Furniture and decoration objects were also restored. The electric and central air conditioning systems were replaced, and floor and ceiling work was done. Contrary to popular belief, the restoration was not paid by the government, but was part of an ongoing project of restoration of heritage sites under the direction of the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage with funds donated by private corporations (for tax-deduction).
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Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre (local Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoɾtʊ aˈlɛɡɾi] ( listen);Merry Harbour) is the capital and largest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city population is 1,509,939 inhabitants (2010), the tenth most populous city in the country and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area, with 4,405,760 inhabitants (2010). The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian state. Porto Alegre is one of the top cultural, political and economic centers of Brazil. Two Mercosul countries, Argentina and Uruguay, border on the State of Rio Grande do Sul.
Porto Alegre was founded in 1772 by immigrants from the Azores, Portugal. In the late 19th century the city received many immigrants from other parts of the world, particularly Germany, Italy, and Poland. The vast majority of the population is of European descent.
The city lies on the eastern bank of the Rio Guaiba (Guaiba Lake), where five rivers converge to form the Lagoa dos Patos (Lagoon of the Ducks), a giant freshwater lagoon navigable by even the largest of ships. This five-river junction has become an important alluvial port as well as a chief industrial and commercial center of Brazil.
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Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
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Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁiw ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒi du suw] (
listen); lit. "Great Southern River") is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index (HDI) in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine producing center in Brazil, the attraction is Italian gastronomy. Besides the European influence, the gaúchos, or inhabitants of Rio Grande do Sul, strongly cultivate the traditions of the Pampas — region of the border with Uruguay and Argentina — such as drinking mate (known as chimarrão drunk in special gourd cups), eating the typical barbecue, known as churrasco, and the traditional clothes are the bombachas (baggy trousers), boots and large hats. Although the majority of the population dresses non-traditionally, there is[citation needed][says who?] a widespread value for tradition and culture, which renders the image of "cultural zealots" sometimes attributed[by whom?] to the gaúchos.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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South Korea
South Korea ( listen), officially the Republic of Korea (Hangul: 대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk listen), is a sovereign state in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The name "Korea" is derived from Goryeo, a dynasty which ruled in the Middle Ages (an initial "G" in Korean is pronounced like an English "K").
Its neighbors are China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the Korea Strait to the south. South Korea lies in the north temperate zone with a predominantly mountainous terrain. It covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of almost 50 million. The capital and largest city is Seoul, with a population of 9,794,304.
Archaeological findings show that the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the Lower Paleolithic period.Korean history begins with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC by the legendary Dan-gun. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Silla 668 AD, Korea went through the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty as one nation until the end of the Korean Empire in 1910, when it was annexed by Japan. After liberation and occupation by Soviet and U.S. forces at the end of World War II, the nation was divided into North and South Korea. The latter was established in 1948 as a democracy, though political turmoil and times of military rule and martial law characterized much of the period until the foundation of the Sixth Republic in 1987.
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São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
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Teresópolis
Coordinates: 22°24′43″S 42°57′57″W / 22.41194°S 42.96583°W / -22.41194; -42.96583
Teresópolis (Portuguese pronunciation: [teɾeˈzɔpolis]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in a mountainous region known as Região Serrana. The Serra dos Órgãos National Park lies partly within the city limits.
Teresópolis began as a quilombo founded by Maroons and indigenous peoples. In 1818, Englishman George March (1781–1845) established a farm there, and when he died in the middle of the 19th century, the locals divided the farm into several shares, some of which the new owners eventually resold.
In 1855, the settlement became an incorporated village, and was officially renamed "Freguesia de Santo Antonio de Paquequer"; however, the local inhabitants had already become accustomed to calling their home "Therezopolis" (named for the Empress Teresa Cristina). At this time, the village had a population of 2,000.
The Count D’Eu and Princess Isabel visited Teresópolis in 1868; Emperor Dom Pedro II visited in 1870, and praised the village's beauty. On July 6, 1891, Brazilian officials upgraded the village's status to municipality.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Uberaba
Uberaba is a city and municipality in the west of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Its population is 296.000 (2010) with an area of 4529.7 km², giving a density of 60.71 people per km². It is located on a plateau at an elevation of 785 meters and is in the Uberaba River floodplain. It became a city in 1856.
Uberaba is also a statistical micro-region including 07 municipalities: Água Comprida, Campo Florido, Conceição das Alagoas, Conquista, Delta, Uberaba, and Veríssimo. In 2000 the population was 687,618 inhabitants in a total area of 9,392.60 km². The population density was 30.62 inhab/km² (2000).
The town was founded in 1820 by sergeant-mor Antônio Eustáquio da Silva e Oliveira. The name was taken from a brazilian native language, and means "bright water". It was classified as indigenous territory on February 1811 and then as a freguesia on March 2, 1820 with the name of Santo Antônio e São Sebastião do Uberaba. Uberaba became a city on February 22, 1836.
The region known as Triângulo Mineiro, where Uberaba is located, was part of the Territory of Goiás until 1816, when it was joined with Minas Gerais.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
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Adélia Prado
Adélia Luzia Prado Freitas (born December 13, 1935), is a Brazilian writer and poet.
She was born in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, and started writing at the age of 40 which is relatively late in life for a poet. Although much of her outlook is religious, deeply Catholic, her works are often about the body.
Adélia Prado's poems were translated into English by Ellen Watson and published in a book entitled, The Alphabet in the Park. (Wesleyan University Press, 1990).
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Afonso Pena
Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena (Portuguese: [aˈfõsu awˈɡustu moˈrejrɐ ˈpenɐ]; 30 November 1847 – 14 June 1909) was a Brazilian politician. He served as President of Brazil between 1906 and 1909. Before his political career, Pena was a lawyer, jurist and member of the Brazilian Supreme Court.
He began his political career in 1874 with an election to the Imperial General Assembly. In the succeeding years, Pena reconciled legislative work with some periods occupying secretariats — secretary of Agriculture (1882), Commerce and Public Issues (1883) and Justice (1885). Pena then presided over the provincial assembly of Minas Gerais.
After the proclamation of the Republic, he was governor of Minas Gerais between 1892 and 1894. It was during his administration that Belo Horizonte was set for the future state capital (which at that time was Ouro Preto).
In 1902 Pena became vice-president to Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves. He was elected president in 1906 and served until his death in 1909, a few days after the passing of his son Álvaro Pena.
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Alan García
Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈalaŋ ɡaˈβɾjel luðˈβiɣ ɣarˈsi.a ˈpeɾes]; born 23 May 1949) was the President of Peru, having won the 2006 elections on 4 June 2006 in a run-off against Union for Peru candidate Ollanta Humala. He is the leader of the APRA and the only party member ever to have served as President of Peru. He served a first term as President from 1985 to 1990. His first term was marked by a severe economic crisis, social unrest and violence. He ran unsuccessfully for the Presidency in 2001, losing in a run-off to Alejandro Toledo. During his second term Peru averaged seven percent GDP growth a year, held inflation below three percent annually and collated Peru's foreign exchange reserves at US$47 billion; however his tenureship also resulted in increased environment damage according to critics and increased social conflict, according to the national human rights ombudsman's office.
García won the elections on 14 April 1985 with 45% of the votes. Since he did not receive the 50% of the votes required to win the presidency, García had to enter a run-off against Alfonso Barrantes (the leftist former mayor of Lima) of the United Left party. Barrantes, however, retired and decided not to enter the run-off, saying he did not want to prolong the political uncertainty of the country. García was thus declared president on 1 June and officially took power on 28 July 1985. For the first time in its sixty-year history, the APRA party came to power in Peru. Aged 36, García was dubbed "Latin America's Kennedy", becoming the region's youngest president at the time, and the second youngest president in Peruvian history (the youngest was Juan Crisostomo Torrico in 1842, aged 34).
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Alceu Valença
Alceu Valença (born July 1, 1946 in São Bento do Una, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil) is a Brazilian composer, writer, performer, actor, and poet.
Alceu Valenca was born in countryside Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. He is considered the most successful artist in achieving an aesthetic balance between traditional northeastern Brazilian music and a broad range of electronic sounds and effects from pop music. One can find traces of maracatu, coco and "repentes de viola" (improvising fast-paced Brazilian folk music) in most of his songs. Alceu was able to utilize the electric guitar the electric bass, and lately even a synthesizer was added to his broad scope of musical instruments.
Because of that, Alceu was able to recreate Northeastern traditional music, like baião, coco, toada, maracatu, frevo, caboclinhos, embolada and repentes: all sung with a sometimes rock sometimes alternative sounding music background. His music and his themes are intangible, universal and unlimited. However, his aesthetic basis is genuinely Brazilian Northeastern music.
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Alcione Nazareth
Alcione Dias Nazareth (born November 21, 1947) (better known as simply Alcione, also nicknamed as A Marrom (the brown one)) is one of the most successful female sambists in Brazil who first claimed international recognition in the late 1970s, and has had 19 gold records and two platinum records.
She was born in São Luís, Maranhão. Her father was a military musician who worked as the conductor of the corps marching band. Alcione was introduced to the traditional Brazilian music by her father. At the age of thirteen, she was already able to give vocal performance in college parties. At this same age, she began to study clarinet, and then learnt to play the trumpet.
At age 20 Alcione moved to Rio de Janeiro. There she worked at the city's TV Excelsior, and later went on tour in Argentina and Chile for four months. On returning to Brazil, she settled in São Paulo, working in nightclub and making appearances on television. In 1970, she started her two-year tour in Europe, performing as a vocalist and a trumpet artist.
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Alfredo Nascimento
Alfredo Nascimento (born May 5, 1952) is Brazil's minister of Transport. He is a member of the Republic Party. He has occasionally been at odds with environmental minister Carlos Minc over projects in Amazonas and Rondônia.
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Alpha Condé
Alpha Condé (born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who has been President of Guinea since December 2010. He spent decades in opposition to a succession of regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully running against President Lansana Conté in the 1993 and 1998 presidential elections and leading the Rally of the Guinean People (RPG), an opposition party. Standing again in the 2010 presidential election, Condé was elected as President of Guinea in a second round of voting, according to official results.
Condé was born on 4 March 1938 in Boké in western Guinea to Mandinka parents from Baro village, Kouroussa Prefecture, upper Guinea. Alpha is married to Djene Kaba Condé. He has one son by the name of Alpha Mohammed Condé and one niece by the name of Aicha Diallo who is currently studying in the United States.
Alpha Condé, who is an ethnic Mandinka, left for France at the age of 15. He was active in parallel within the National Union of Higher Education (SNESUP) and combined the functions of charge within the Association of Guinean students in France (AEGF), and within the Federation of Black African Students in France (FEANF), in which he was the Executive Coordinator of African National Groups (NG) from 1967 to 1975, overseeing the activities of the Directorate of FEANF.
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Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel, German: [aŋˈɡeːla doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛʁkl̩] ( listen); née Kasner (born 17 July 1954) is the Chancellor of Germany and Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Merkel is the first female Chancellor of Germany.
A physical chemist by professional background, Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989 and briefly served as the deputy spokesperson for Lothar de Maizière's democratically elected East German government prior to the German reunification. Following reunification in 1990, she was elected to the Bundestag, where she has represented the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since. She served as Federal Minister for Women and Youth 1991–1994 and as Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1994–1998 in Helmut Kohl's fourth and fifth cabinets. She was Secretary General of the CDU 1998–2000, and was elected chairperson in 2000. From 2002 to 2005, she was also chair of the CDU/CSU parliamentary coalition.
After her election as Chancellor following the 2005 federal election, she led a grand coalition consisting of her own CDU party, its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), until 2009. In the 2009 federal election, the CDU obtained the largest share of the votes, and formed a coalition government with the CSU and the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP).
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Antonio Palocci
Antonio Palocci Filho (born October 4, 1960) is a Brazilian physician and politician, and former Chief of Staff of Brazil under President Dilma Rousseff . He was the Finance minister of the Brazilian federal government from January 1, 2003 until March 27, 2006 (when he resigned in the wake of reports of conduct unbecoming of his office), during the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. He resigned from his office as Chief of Staff on June 7, 2011.
Raised in Ribeirão Preto, in the state of São Paulo. His father was an artist and teacher. During his youth as a medical student at the University of São Paulo’s Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Palocci took part in several radical left wing movements, notably in Libelu, a Brazilian Trotskyist organization. He was one of the founders of the Workers' Party and was its President in São Paulo from 1997 to 1998.
After graduation, Palocci worked for five years as a civil servant at the Ribeirão Preto regionel office of the São Paulo State Public Health Secretary. He inaugurated the Workers’ Health Ward and was the director of the regional office of the Public Health Service.
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Artur Bernardes
Artur da Silva Bernardes (Portuguese: [aɾˈtuɾ da ˈsiwvɐ beɾˈnaɾdʒis]; 8 August 1875 – 23 March 1955) was a Brazilian politician in the early 20th century. Born in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, he was elected governor of Minas Gerais in 1918. In 1922, he was elected president of Brazil and served until 1926. Facing a military rebellion, Bernardes ruled under a state of siege during most of the course of his term.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Benicio del Toro
Benicio Monserrate Rafael del Toro Sánchez (born February 19, 1967) is a Puerto Rican actor and film producer. He won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a BAFTA Award for his role as Javier Rodríguez in Traffic (2000). He is also known for his roles as Fred Fenster in The Usual Suspects (1995), Dr. Gonzo in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Franky Four Fingers in Snatch (2000), Jackie Boy in Sin City (2005), and Che Guevara in Che (2008). He is the third Puerto Rican to win an Academy Award.
Benicio del Toro was born in San German, on the southwest side of the island of Puerto Rico, and grew up in Santurce, a district of San Juan. He is the son of Gustavo Adolfo del Toro Bermúdez and Fausta Genoveva Sánchez Rivera, who were both lawyers, and deeply respected and beloved in Puerto Rico for their commitment to their community. Gustavo Del Toro was affectionately called the "lawyer of the poor". Many of Del Toro's relatives are involved in the island's legal system. He has an older brother, Gustavo, who was a pediatric oncologist at the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City. He is of Spanish descent through a Catalan paternal great-grandfather and a Basque maternal great-grandmother, he has Italian and Amerindian ancestry as well. The surname del Toro (Touro) is of Sephardic origin. Benicio del Toro is related to Puerto Rican basketball player Carlos Arroyo, his father Gustavo is a cousin of Arroyo's mother, Gloria Bermudez. Del Toro is also related to Spanish Euro-pop singer Rebeca Pous Del Toro, whose grandfather is Puerto Rican, and Puerto Rican singer Eliseo del Toro.
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Bete Mendes
Bete Mendes (born Elizabeth Mendes de Oliveira on May 11, 1949) is a Brazilian actress and politician.
Bete Mendes was born Elizabeth Mendes de Oliveira in Santos, São Paulo. She is the daughter of Osmar Pires de Oliveira, a Sub-Lieutenant of the Brazilian Air Force, and Maria Mendes de Oliveira. She acted in school plays since she was 5. However, her artistic career really began at age 15, in her hometown of Santos, in the role of bunny Naná in the play A Árvore que Andava, by Oscar Von Phull. Mendes has a degree in performing arts by the University of São Paulo (USP), and was pursuing a degree in Sociology when she was arrested by the political police of the military dictatorship.
She performed by the first time in theatre with the play A Cozinha (The kitchen) on 1968. At that same year, she had a prominent role in the popular TV Tupi soap opera Beto Rockfeller.
On 1970, Mendes was arrested by the DOI-CODI, being held as prisoner for four years. Between September and October 1974, she was once again detained, this time being tortured. She was acquitted by the Superior Tribunal Militar (Superior Military Court), being released after spending 30 days in prison. Upon her release, she decided to quit the Sociology School.
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Beth Carvalho
Elizabeth Santos Leal de Carvalho known professionally as Beth Carvalho (born May 5, 1946 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian samba singer, guitarist, cavaquinist and composer.
Carvalho was raised in a middle class family in Rio de Janeiro's South Zone. Her father, João Francisco Leal de Carvalho, was a lawyer. She grew up influenced by different types of music. Her father used to take her to samba school rehearsals, and her mother was a lover of classical music who encouraged her to become a ballerina. She started playing the guitar as a teenager, and got involved with the emerging Bossa Nova movement, winning a nationwide song contest on TV at the age of 19. Her first record was 1968's "Andança", carrying the song of the same name to victory in a larger festival, which brought her to prominence. Although she started her career with Bossa Nova, that was an ephemeral phase which lasted less than one year. Beth started dedicating herself entirely to samba just as her fame began, working with legendary composers such as Nelson Sargento.
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Boyko Borisov
Boyko Metodiev Borisov (Bulgarian: Бойко Методиев Борисов, IPA: [ˈbɔjko mɛˈtɔdiɛf boˈrisof]; born 13 June 1959) is a Bulgarian politician who has been Prime Minister of Bulgaria since July 2009. Previously he was Mayor of Sofia from 8 November 2005 until his election as Prime Minister.
After his party, GERB, won the July 2009 parliamentary election, Borisov became Bulgaria's 50th Prime Minister on 27 July 2009.
Borisov was born in 1959 in Bankya (then a village, today a town part of greater Sofia) to Ministry of Internal Affairs official Metodi Borisov and elementary school teacher Veneta Borisova. Between 1982 and 1990, he assumed different positions in the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a firefighter and later as a professor at the Police Academy in Sofia. As a National Security Office member, Borisov took part in the protection of crops and haylofts during the name-changing campaign towards ethnic Turks in the 1980s. He quit the Ministry in 1990. In 1991 he founded a private security company, Ipon-1, and later guarded personalities like Todor Zhivkov and Simeon II. Borisov has been actively participating in karate championships since 1978, serving as the coach of the Bulgarian national team and a referee of international matches. He currently has a 7th dan black belt in karate and is the chairman of the Bulgarian Karate Federation. Borisov has also been a coach for the Bulgarian national karate team for many years.
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Café Filho
João Fernandes Campos Café Filho (Portuguese: [ˈjuɐ̃w feɾˈnɐ̃dis ˈkɐ̃pus kaˈfɛ ˈfiʎu]; 1899–1970) was a Brazilian politician. Born in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Café Filho was a journalist and federal deputy, elected vice-president in 1950, under Getúlio Vargas. Following the Vargas suicide in 1954, Café Filho assumed the presidency. Two months before the end of his term (which was due to expire on January 31, 1956), he temporarily withdrew from leadership of the government, citing poor health. Later he tried to resume his post, but was prevented from doing so by the Congress and the military, who suspected that he would not allow the president-elect Juscelino Kubitschek to take the oath of office. An Evangelical Christian, he was the first Protestant to become President of Brazil and the first President of Brazil to be born a citizen of the República Velha.
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Carlos Lamarca
Carlos Lamarca (October 23, 1937 – September 17, 1971) was a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become a communist guerilla member. He was a part of the revolutionary guerrilla group Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária - VPR) and became, along with Carlos Marighella, one of the major elements of communist subversion in Brazil. Lamarca was the only man in the republican History of Brazil to receive the status of traitor, being considered an "enemy of the state" by the military dictatorship of the time.
Carlos Lamarca was born on October 23, 1937 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In 1955, he joined the Preparatory School of Military Cadets in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Two years later he was transferred to the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras in Resende, Rio de Janeiro, in which he graduated as one of the lower ranking cadets of his class, being the 46th placer out of a class of 57 cadets (1960).
Lamarca was a member of the United Nations Peacekeeping forces in Gaza during the Suez War. He later returned to Brazil, where he supported the military coup. In 1967, he was promoted to Captain. In 1969, he deserted from the Army to join VPR, stealing in the process a truck full of military equipment with him.
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Carlos Luz
Carlos Coimbra da Luz (Portuguese: [ˈkaɾlus koˈĩbrɐ da ˈlus]; 1894–1961) was a Brazilian politician. After the political crisis following the Getúlio Vargas suicide in 1954, Carlos Luz was the second of three presidents that ruled Brazil in a brief period of 16 months. At the time of President Café Filho's alleged illness he was the president of the Chamber of Deputies, and so the next in the line of succession to the Presidency, since Café Filho had been the Vice President under Vargas. Luz headed the government only two days in November 1955 and was deposed by the Minister of Defense Teixeira Lott over his fear that Luz may support a plot to prevent President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek from taking office.
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Carlos Minc
Carlos Minc (born July 12, 1951 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian geographer, professor, environmentalist, politician and Minister of Environment in Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's second term as president of Brazil.
Minc was born on July 12, 1951. He studied at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. He was a student leader and participated in resistance against the military dictatorship. He was arrested in 1969 and exiled. In 1979, with the help from Amnesty, he returned to Brazil.
In 1978, Minc completed his Master's degree from the Technical University of Lisbon. He completed his doctorate from the University of Paris in 1984.
Minc is married and has two children.
Minc was one of the founding members of the Green Party, together with Fernando Gabeira, Alfredo Sirkis, and others.
Minc was elected Member state for the first time in 1986, in coalition with Workers' Party. He was re-elected in 1994, 1998, and 2002.
On November 22, 2006, Sérgio Cabral Filho, governor of the state of Rio de Janeiro, appointed Minc for the post of secretary of environment.
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Cecília Meireles
Cecília Benevides de Carvalho Meireles (Rio de Janeiro, 1901–1964) was a Brazilian writer and educator, known principally as a poet. She is a canonical name of Brazilian Modernism, one of the great female poets in the Portuguese language, and is widely considered the best poetess from Brazil, though she combatted the word "poetess" because of gender discrimination.
She traveled in the Americas in the 1940s, visiting the United States, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. In the summer of 1940 she gave lectures at the University of Texas, Austin. She wrote two poems about her time in the capital of Texas, and a long (800 lines) very socially aware poem "USA 1940", which was published posthumously. As a journalist her columns (crônicas, or chronicles) focused most often on education, but also on her trips abroad in the western hemisphere, Portugal, other parts of Europe, Israel, and India (where she received an honorary doctorate).
As a poet, her style was mostly neosymbolist and her themes included ephemeral time and the contemplative life. Even though she was not concerned with local color, native vernacular, or experiments in (popular) syntax, she is considered one of the most important poets of the second phase of the Brazilian Modernism, known for nationalistic vanguardism. As a teacher she did much to promote educational reforms and advocated the construction of children's libraries. Between 1935 and 1938 she taught at the short-lived federal-district university in Rio.
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Celso Amorim
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim (born 3 June 1942) is a Brazilian diplomat who has been Minister of Defence since August 2011. Amorim was the Minister of Foreign Relations from 1993 to 1995 under President Itamar Franco and again from 2003 to 2011 under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
Before his appointment by Lula, Amorim served as Brazil's ambassador to the United Kingdom. On 7 October 2009, Amorim was named the "world's best foreign minister" by Foreign Policy magazine blogger David Rothkopf. On 4 August 2011, Amorim was invited by President Dilma Rousseff to assume the Ministry of Defence.
Amorim was born in Santos, São Paulo, on 3 June 1942. He is married to Ana Maria Amorim and has four children: Vicente, Anita, João, and Pedro.
He graduated from the Rio Branco Institute, an undergraduate school of international relations run by the Ministry of External Relations, in 1965, and obtained his post-graduate degree in International Relations from the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna in 1967.
Amorim was a Portuguese language professor at the Rio Branco Institute, as well as political science and international relations professor at the University of Brasília. He is a permanent member of the Foreign Affairs Department of the University of São Paulo Institute of Advanced Studies.
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Che Guevara
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃe ɣeˈβaɾa]; June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as el Che or simply Che, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, intellectual, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia within popular culture.
As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout Latin America and was radically transformed by the endemic poverty and alienation he witnessed. His experiences and observations during these trips led him to conclude that the region's ingrained economic inequalities were an intrinsic result of capitalism, monopolism, neocolonialism, and imperialism, with the only remedy being world revolution. This belief prompted his involvement in Guatemala's social reforms under President Jacobo Arbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later, while living in Mexico City, he met Raúl and Fidel Castro, joined their 26th of July Movement, and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht, Granma, with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, and played a pivotal role in the victorious two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.
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Chico Buarque
Francisco Buarque de Hollanda (born June 19, 1944 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), popularly known as Chico Buarque (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃikʊ ˈbwaɾkɪ]), is a singer, guitarist, composer, dramatist, writer and poet. He is best known for his music, which often includes social, economic and cultural commentary on Brazil and Rio de Janeiro in particular.
Son of the academic Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda, Buarque lived in several locations throughout his childhood, though mostly in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Italy. He wrote and studied literature as a child and came to music through the bossa nova compositions of João Gilberto. He performed music throughout the 1960s as well as writing a play that was deemed dangerous by the Brazilian military dictatorship of the time. Buarque, along with several of his fellow musicians, were threatened by the government and eventually left Brazil in 1970. He moved to Italy again. However, he came back to Brazil in 1971, one year before the others, and continued to record albums, perform, and write, though much of his material was not allowed by government censors. He released several more albums in the 1980s and published three novels in the 1990s and 2000s, all of which were acclaimed critically.
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David Cameron
David William Donald Cameron (pronunciation: /ˈkæmərən/; born 9 October 1966) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party. He represents Witney as its Member of Parliament (MP).
Cameron studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at Oxford, gaining a first class honours degree. He then joined the Conservative Research Department and became Special Adviser to Norman Lamont, and then to Michael Howard. He was Director of Corporate Affairs at Carlton Communications for seven years.
He was defeated in his first candidacy for Parliament at Stafford in 1997, but was elected in 2001 as the Member of Parliament for the Oxfordshire constituency of Witney. He was promoted to the Opposition front bench two years later, and rose rapidly to become head of policy co-ordination during the 2005 general election campaign. With a public image of a youthful, moderate candidate who would appeal to young voters, he won the Conservative leadership election in 2005.
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Delfim Moreira
Delfim Moreira da Costa Ribeiro (Portuguese: [dewˈfim moˈrejrɐ da ˈkɔstɐ riˈbejru]; 7 November 1868 – 1 July 1920) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in Minas Gerais state, and was elected vice-president in 1918. He assumed the presidency on November 15, 1918, due to the illness and death of former (1902–1906) and now President-Elect Rodrigues Alves. However, Moreira suffered from psychological problems, and left his duties to the ministers. Following the constitution, he called elections in 1919 and returned to the vice-presidency until his death. He was born to a Portuguese father and to a Portuguese Brazilian mother who traced her ancestry back to the early settlers of Brazil.
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Deodoro da Fonseca
Marshal Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐnuˈɛɫ deoˈdɔɾu da fõˈsekɐ]; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) became the first president of the Republic of Brazil after heading a military coup that deposed Emperor Pedro II and proclaimed the Republic in 1889, dis-establishing the Empire of Brazil.
Fonseca was born the third child of a large military family in Vila Madalena, Alagoas, a town that today bears his name as Marechal Deodoro, in Northeast Brazil. He was the son of Manuel Mendes da Fonseca Galvão (1785-1859) and his wife Rosa Maria Paulina de Barros Cavalcanti (1802-1873). In the period of the Brazilian Empire, his older brother Severino Martins da Fonseca was created the first Baron of Alagoas. Another notable relative was the Portuguese humanist Francisco de Holanda (d. 1585), his remote uncle. Fonseca pursued a military career that was notable for his suppression of the Praieira revolt in Pernambuco in 1848, Brazil's response to the European year of failed liberal revolutions. He also saw action during the Paraguayan War (1864–1870), attaining the rank of captain. In 1884 he was promoted to the rank of field-marshal, and he later achieved the rank of full marshal. His personal courage, military competence and manly personal style made him a national figure.
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Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈdʒiwmɐ χuˈsɛf] born 14 December 1947) is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff to the President of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
The daughter of a Bulgarian entrepreneur, Rousseff was raised in an upper middle class household in Belo Horizonte. She became a socialist during her youth, and following the 1964 coup d'état joined various left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship. Rousseff was captured and jailed between 1970 and 1972 and reportedly tortured.
After her release, Rousseff rebuilt her life in Porto Alegre with Carlos Araújo, who would be her partner for 30 years. Both helped found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in Rio Grande do Sul, participating in several of the party's electoral campaigns. She became the Secretary of the Treasury of the city of Porto Alegre in the Alceu Collares administration, and later the Secretary of Energy of the State of Rio Grande do Sul under both Collares and Olívio Dutra administrations. In 2000, after an internal dispute in the Dutra cabinet, she left PDT and joined the Workers' Party (PT).
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Dominique Voynet
Dominique Voynet (born 4 November 1958 in Montbéliard, Doubs département, France) is the mayor of Montreuil and a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. She was a French senator for the département of Seine-Saint-Denis.
Dominique Voynet trained as a doctor, specifically as an anaesthetist. During her studies in the late 1970s, she began participating in environmental activism. She fought against the establishment of nuclear reactors in Fessenheim and Malville, and the deforestation of the Vosges area on behalf of the Belfort Association for the Protection of Nature.
She also became a member of Amnesty International and the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT). In her student years, she was a broadcaster for an independent radio station, "Radio ondes rouges" (Red Radio Waves). Her pacifist and environmental efforts continued with her membership of Front de lutte antimilitariste (FLAM, "Front for the Antimilitarist Struggle") and Friends of the Earth.
Politics tempted her at this time, however the issues that were dear to her – social efforts, peace and environmentalism – were not represented in France by any party at the time. For this reason, she became one of the founding members of The Greens in France.
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Donald Ramotar
Donald Ramotar (born 22 October 1950) is a Guyanese politician who has been President of Guyana since December 2011. He has been the General Secretary of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) since 1997.
Ramotar joined the PPP in 1967 and was first elected to the PPP Central Committee in 1979; he joined the PPP Executive Committee in 1983. He received a degree in economics from the University of Guyana. From 1988 to 1993, he was International Secretary of the Guyana Agricultural Workers' Union. In the 1992 election, in which the PPP under Cheddi Jagan won power for first time in decades, Ramotar was elected to the National Assembly of Guyana; he was continuously re-elected thereafter. He was designated as the PPP's Executive Secretary in 1993. Following Jagan's death in March 1997, Ramotar was unanimously elected to succeed him as the PPP's General Secretary on March 29, 1997.
At the PPP's 29th Congress, he was re-elected to its Central Committee on August 2, 2008, receiving the fourth-highest number of votes (637). Following the Congress, he was re-elected by the Central Committee as General Secretary on August 12, 2008, without opposition; he was also elected to the editorial board of the PPP paper Thunder on this occasion.
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Dési Bouterse
Desiré Delano "Dési" Bouterse (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbɑutərsə]) (born 13 October 1945) is a Surinamese politician who has been the ninth President of Suriname since 2010.
As an army officer, he was the de facto leader of Suriname through most of the 1980s, serving as Chairman of the National Military Council. Later, as leader of the National Democratic Party (Nationale Democratische Partij, NDP), Bouterse was elected as President of Suriname on 19 July 2010 and inaugurated on 12 August 2010.
Born in Paramaribo District, Bouterse grew up in Suriname. He attended the Middelbare Handelsschool and acquired the MULO diploma (roughly equivalent to junior secondary general education). He received his military education in the Netherlands.
Bouterse's name is closely bound with the military regime that controlled Suriname from the 1980 Surinamese coup d'état until the beginning of the 1990s. On 25 February 1980, the government of newly-independent Suriname underwent a military coup which declared the country to be a Socialist Republic and Bouterse became Chairman of the National Military Council. President Johan Ferrier was forced out of office by Bouterse pressure in August 1980, and several months after the coup d'état by Bouterse most of the political authority transferred to the military leadership. From then until 1988, the titular Presidents were essentially army-installed by Bouterse, who ruled as a de facto leader with few practical checks on his power.
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Elba Ramalho
Elba Ramalho, (born on August 17, 1951 in Conceição, Paraíba) is a Brazilian songwriter, performer, poet and actress. She is sometimes called "The Queen of Forró".
In addition to her successful solo career, Elba has collaborated with a number of well-established Brazilian acts, including Alceu Valença and her first cousin Zé Ramalho.
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Elisaveta Bagriana
Elisaveta Bagryana (Bulgarian: Елисавета Багряна) (April 16, 1893 – March 23, 1991), born Elisaveta Lyubomirova Belcheva (Bulgarian: Елисавета Любомирова Белчева), was a Bulgarian poet who wrote her first verses while living with her family in Veliko Tarnovo in 1907–08. She, along with Dora Gabe (1886–1983), is considered one of the Bulgarian mothers of literature.
Bagryana taught in the village of Aftane, where she experienced rural life, from 1910 to 1911, after which she studied Slavic philology at Sofia University. Her first poems were published in 1915 – Why ("Защо") and Night Song ("Вечерна песен") – in the magazine Contemporary Thought (Съвременна мисъл).
It was after World War I ended that she truly entered into the literary world, at a time when poetry was undergoing a transformation. By 1921, she was already active in the literary life, and was collaborating on the Newspaper of the Woman ("Вестник на жената") and the magazine Modernity("Съвременник"), among other publications.
With the arrival of her first book, The Eternal and the Holy ("Вечната и святата", 1927), she earned the confirmation of her peers. She also started writing children’s stories. Her poems are straightforward, sensitive and serious, as in The Well ("Кладенецът"), a fable-like piece relating a well she dug when a little girl to the wellspring of poetry in her soul. They often are undeniably feminine – as in the poem The Eternal, in which the writer contemplates the body of a dead mother, or Evening Prayer – and spirited, as shown by the youthful, rebellious spirit in The Elements.
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Epitácio Pessoa
Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa (Portuguese pronunciation: [epiˈtasju lĩˈdowfu da ˈsiwvɐ peˈsoɐ]; 23 May 1865 – 13 February 1942) was a Brazilian politician and jurist, and president of the republic between 1919 and 1922, when Rodrigues Alves could not take office due to illness after being elected in 1918. His period of government was marked by military revolts that would culminate in the Revolution of 1930, which brought Getúlio Vargas into control of the federal government.
In addition to his term as president, Pessoa served as Minister of Justice, a justice in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, Attorney General, a two-term Federal Deputy, a three-term Senator, Chief of the Brazilian delegation for the Treaty of Versailles, and a judge on the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Epitácio Pessoa was born in Umbuzeiro, a small town in the state of Paraíba. His parents died of smallpox when he was only seven years old. He was taken in and educated by his uncle Henrique de Lucena, then the governor of Pernambuco. Pessoa endured a very poor childhood, but with great effort managed to earn a degree in law. He went on to join the Faculty of Law at the University of Pernambuco as a professor. He eventually made his way to Rio de Janeiro.
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Erenice Guerra
Erenice Alves Guerra (born February 15, 1959) was the 41st Chief of Staff of Brazil. She is best known for resigning from the post of Chief of Staff due to credible allegations of corruption and nepotism for which she was publicly reprimanded by the President's Public Ethics Committee. She was born in Brasília and is a law graduate, specialized in Health Law.
She was Chief of Staff of the Secretariat of Public Security of the Federal District Government (GDF) and general manager of the Brasília Metro. She was also head of the legal department of the Brasília Society of Collective Transport (TCB).
At the federal administration level, she was manager of Eletronorte, Attorney General of the National School of Public Administration (ENAP), Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) and consultant of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) at the Ministry of Health. She also worked in the council of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil.
Erenice was an advisor at Petrobras and the São Francisco Hydroelectric Company (CHESF). Currently she is member of the board of directors of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).
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Ernesto Geisel
Ernesto Beckmann Geisel, (Portuguese pronunciation: [eɾˈnɛstu ˈbɛkmɐ̃ ˈɡajzew]; 3 August 1907 – 12 September 1996) was a Brazilian military leader and politician of German descent who was President of Brazil from 1974 to 1979.
Ernesto Geisel was born in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul. His father was Guilherme Augusto Geisel (born Wilhelm August Geisel), a German teacher from Herborn. He immigrated to Brazil in 1883, at 16. The mother was the homemaker Lydia Beckmann, born in Brazil (Teutônia) to German parents from Osnabrück. In Bento Gonçalves, where he was raised, there were only two families of German origin- the Geisel and the Dreher- while the majority of the population was composed of Italian immigrants. About the contact with the local Italian immigrants during his childhood Geisel described the cultural contrasts between the strict and rigorous education that his German parents imposed compared to the freedom and more relaxed way of life that his Italian friends had, whom he admired. Geisel was raised in a Lutheran family (the grandfather was a priest) and he claimed to be part of a lower middle class, relatively poor family. At home, Geisel spoke German as well as Portuguese because his father, who spoke Portuguese so well that became a teacher of this language, did not want his children to speak Portuguese with a foreign accent. As an adult, Geisel reported that he was able to understand the German language, but was not able to write it and had some difficulty speaking it.
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Eurico Gaspar Dutra
Eurico Gaspar Dutra (Portuguese: [ewˈɾiku ɡasˈpaɾ ˈdutrɐ]; 1883–1974), was a Brazilian marshal, politician and president of Brazil from 1946–1951.
He was born in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, and like many other Brazilians, was from Azorean-Portuguese origin. In 1936, he was appointed as Minister of War, a post he held until the end of WWII.
Gaspar Dutra was one of the generals in charge of the soldiers on the Brazilian Expeditionary Force that entered World War II, and he succeeded José Linhares in the presidency.
He left it in 1951 and until then, he was considered as a presidential candidate.
Gaspar Dutra died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's former capital.
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Evo Morales
Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959), popularly known as Evo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈeβo]), is a Bolivian politician and activist, serving as the 80th President of Bolivia, a position that he has held since 2006. He is also the leader of both the Movement for Socialism party (MAS) and the cocalero trade union. Politically a socialist, his presidency has seen a focus on implementing leftist policies in the country, introducing a new constitution, land reforms, nationalising various key industries, opposing United States and corporate involvement in the country's politics, and poverty reduction measures.
Born into a working class Aymara family in Isallawi, Orinoca Canton, Evo grew up aiding his parents as a subsistence farmer. After studying for a degree, Morales undertook national service until 1978, when he returned to the family profession of farming, moving with them to Chapare Province. He eventually settled into growing coca, the plant from which cocaine is made. His activism led him into the political arena, and he eventually became the leader of the MAS, through which he got involved in social protests like the gas conflict and the Cochabamba protests of 2000. The MAS claimed that its aims were giving more power to the country's indigenous and poor communities by means of land reforms and redistribution of gas wealth, and gradually increased its electoral support.
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Felipe Calderón
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa (Spanish pronunciation: [feˈlipe kaldeˈɾon] ( listen); born August 18, 1962) is the current President of Mexico. He assumed office on December 1, 2006, and was elected for a single six-year term through 2012. He is a member of the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), one of the three major Mexican political parties.
Prior to the presidency, Calderón received two masters degrees and went on to work within the PAN while it was still an important opposition party. Calderón served as National President of the party, Federal Deputy, and Secretary of Energy in Vicente Fox's cabinet.
He served in the cabinet of the previous administration up until he resigned to run for the Presidency and secured his party's nomination. The Federal Electoral Institute's official electoral results gave Felipe Calderón the largest vote total and the presidency but the decision was contested by Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Calderón's victory was confirmed on September 5, 2006 by the Federal Electoral Tribunal.
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Fernanda Montenegro
Fernanda Montenegro (born Arlete Pinheiro Esteves da Silva; October 16, 1929) is a Brazilian stage, television and film actress, mostly recognized for her leading role in Central Station, which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first Brazilian actor to be nominated.
She is commonly revered as one of Brazil's finest actresses and referred to as "The First Lady of Brazilian Theater" and "The First Lady of Brazilian Television".
Montenegro was born Arlete Pinheiro Esteves da Silva in Rio de Janeiro, of Portuguese and Italian descent. Regarding the adoption of a stage name, the actress has stated that she chose Fernanda simply because of its sonority, whilst Montenegro was the surname of her family's doctor. Montenegro was married to Fernando Torres from 1954 until his death in 2008. They had two children: Fernanda Torres who is an actress and has been nominated for the Cannes Film Festival and film director Cláudio Torres.
In late 1940s, Montenegro was adapting famous theatre plays to radio. She began her artistic life in the theatre with the play Alegres Canções nas Montanhas (Happy Songs on the Mountain) in 1950. Among her mates was Fernando Torres, who would soon become her husband. In the next years she worked with other acclaimed actors like Sérgio Britto, Cacilda Becker, Nathalia Timberg, Cláudio Correa e Castro and Ítalo Rossi. In 1951 she become one of the TV's pioneers in Brazil, working in Rio de Janeiro's TV Tupi - the second TV station of South America. She played in several plays on TV between 1951 and 1970.
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Fernanda Takai
Fernanda Barbosa Takai (born August 25, 1971, in Serra do Navio, Amapá) is a Brazilian singer, better known as the lead vocalist of rock band Pato Fu. She has also been working on a solo career since 2007, and recorded a single solo album.
In 2011, she collaborated with Atom™, Toshiyuki Yasuda, and Moreno Veloso on the track "Águas de Março" for the Red Hot Organization's most recent charitable album "Red Hot+Rio 2." The album is a follow-up to the 1996 "Red Hot + Rio." Proceeds from the sales will be donated to raise awareness and money to fight AIDS/HIV and related health and social issues.
Takai was raised in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. She is of Japanese and Portuguese descent. Since the year 2007, she's been working on a solo career, but hasn't left Pato Fu.
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Fernando Lugo
Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (Spanish pronunciation: [ferˈnando arˈmindo ˈluɣo ˈmendeθ]; born 30 May 1951) is the President of Paraguay, and a former Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro.
Lugo's family was not particularly religious; by his own account, he never saw his father set foot in a church.[citation needed] However, the influences during his upbringing were distinctly political. His maternal uncle, Epifanio Méndes Fleitas, was a Colorado Party dissident and was persecuted and exiled by General Stroessner's regime. Lugo's father was imprisoned twenty times, and some of his elder siblings were sent into exile. He received his basic education at a religious school in Encarnación, all the while he worked selling snacks on the streets.[citation needed]
Aged 17 or 18, against his father's wishes for him to become a lawyer, Lugo entered a normal school, and began teaching at a rural community. He was well accepted within this people, who were very religious, but they had no priest. He recalls that he was touched by that experience, discovering his vocation to the Roman Catholic priesthood, and he decided to enter a seminary operated by the Society of the Divine Word at age 19. Lugo was ordained a priest on 15 August 1977. That year he was sent to Ecuador, where he served as a missionary for five years. In Ecuador he had the opportunity to learn about the controversial liberation theology, a movement later criticized in large measure by the Vatican.
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Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Spanish: [fiˈðel ˈkastro]; born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011. Politically a Marxist-Leninist, under his administration the Republic of Cuba was converted into a one-party socialist state, with industry and business being nationalized under state ownership and socialist reforms implemented in all areas of society. On the international stage, he also served as the Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1979 to 1983 and 2006 to 2008.
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Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London and printed in 24 cities around the world.
Along with FT.com, it has an average daily readership of 2.1 million people worldwide (PwC audited figures, November 2011). FT.com has 4 million registered users and 250,000 digital subscribers, as well as 585,681 paying users. FT Chinese has more than 1.7 million registered users. The Financial Times in print format has an average daily circulation of three hundred and five thousand copies worldwide (the British edition has a daily circulation of eighty eight thousand and a combined Saturday and Sunday, weekend, circulation of one hundred and thirteen thousand copies), as of April 2012.
Founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, the Financial Times competed with four other finance-oriented newspapers, in 1945 absorbing the last, the Financial News (founded in 1884). The FT specialises in UK and international business and financial news, and is printed as a broadsheet on light salmon paper.
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Floriano Peixoto
Floriano Vieira de Araújo Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floriˈɐ̃nu viˈejrɐ dʒi araˈuʒu pejˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 — 29 July 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War, and the second president of Brazil.
Floriano Peixoto was an army Marshal when elected vice-president in February 1891. Later, in November 1891, he rose to the presidency following the resignation of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Floriano Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble.
Floriano Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and a seditious military movement in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina during the same years. His government was marked by increased centralization of power and nationalism.
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François Hollande
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa ɔlɑ̃d]; born 12 August 1954) is the 24th President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. He previously served as the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008 and as a Deputy of the National Assembly of France for Corrèze's 1st Constituency from 1988 to 1993 and then again from 1997 to 2012. He also served as the Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008 and the President of the General Council of Corrèze from 2008 to 2012.
He was elected President of France on 6 May 2012, defeating the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy, and was inaugurated on 15 May. He is the second Socialist President of the Fifth French Republic, after François Mitterrand who served from 1981 to 1995.
Hollande was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Upper Normandy, to a middle-class family. His mother, Nicole Frédérique Marguerite Tribert (1927–2009), was a social worker, and his father, Georges Gustave Hollande, an ear, nose, and throat doctor who "had once run for the extreme right in local politics." The surname "Hollande" is "believed to come from Calvinist ancestors who escaped Holland (the Netherlands) in the 16th century and took the name of their old country." Hollande was raised Catholic but quietly rebelled against the strict religious brothers chosen by his father to educate him. The family moved to Neuilly, a suburb of Paris, when Hollande was 13.
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Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒeˈtuliu doɾˈnɛlis ˈvaɾɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) served as President of Brazil, first as dictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the most for any President, and second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of government. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism – for the latter, Vargas won the nickname "O Pai dos Pobres" (Portuguese for "The Father of the Poor"). Despite his promotion of workers' rights, Vargas was a staunch anti-communist.
Vargas was brought to power by political outsiders and the rank and file of the Armed Forces in the Revolution of 1930, a reaction to his loss in rigged elections earlier that year. His ascent marked the end of the Brazilian oligarchic Old Republic and states' dominated café com leite politics. He successfully influenced the outcome of the Brazilian presidential election of 1934, and instituted an authoritarian corporatist regime in 1937 known as the Estado Novo ("New State"), prolonging his hold onto power. Vargas went on to appease and eventually dominate his supporters, and pushed his political agenda as he built a propaganda machine around his figure.
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Gleisi Hoffmann
Gleisi Helena Hoffmann (born September 6, 1965 in Curitiba, Brazil) is a lawyer and Brazilian politician. Since June 8, 2011, she is Chief of Staff of Brazil.
Born into a religious family of German origin, she began her involvement in politics in the student movement during her youth, becoming a Partido dos Trabalhadores' member in 1989.
Known for her public management skills, Hoffmann has served as state secretary in Mato Grosso do Sul and as municipal secretary in the city of Londrina. She was a member of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's presidential transition team in 2002, and served as the financial director at the hydroelectric dam Itaipu Binacional from 2003 to 2006. She ran for the Federal Senate of Brazil in 2006 and for the office of mayor of Curitiba in 2008, losing both elections. At the time, she was the president of PT in the state of Paraná.
In October 2010, Hoffmann was elected to the Senate, receiving over 3.1 million votes, the most voted senator from the state of Paraná and the first woman to hold the office. After four months in office, she was appointed Chief of Staff, the highest-ranking member of Brazil's Executive Office, by President Dilma Rousseff.
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Hermes da Fonseca
Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛɾmis roˈdriɡis da fõˈsekɐ]; May 12, 1855 – September 9, 1923) was a Brazilian soldier and politician. The nephew of Deodoro da Fonseca, the first Brazilian President, he was the country's Minister of War in 1906. In 1910, he was elected as the 8th president of Brazil, serving until 1914.
He was on an official visit to Portugal when the revolution that overthrew the Portuguese monarchy and replaced it with a new republican regime took place.
His father was from Alagoas and served in the Brazilian armed forces; as part of his service, he was transferred to São Gabriel. Hermes was born in there in 1855. When his father was sent to the Paraguayan War, the family returned to Rio de Janeiro.
In 1871, at 16, he got his bachelor's degree in Science and Letters and enrolled in the Military Academy, where he was student of Benjamin Constant, a promoter of the ideas of Auguste Comte in Brazil. When he graduated, he served as aide-de-camp to Gaston, comte d'Eu.
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Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao (Pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo, pronounced [xǔ tɕìntʰɑ́ʊ]; born 21 December 1942) is the current Paramount leader of the People's Republic of China. He has held the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang Zemin as the chief of the fourth generation of leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Hu has been involved in the Communist party bureaucracy for most of his adult life, notably as Party secretary for Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then later first Secretary of the CPC Secretariat and Vice-President under former leader Jiang Zemin. Hu is the first leader of the Communist Party without any significant revolutionary credentials. As such, his rise to the presidency represented China's transition of leadership from establishment communists to younger, more pragmatic technocrats.
During his term in office, Hu has reintroduced state control in some sectors of the economy that were relaxed by the previous administration, and has been conservative with political reforms. Along with his colleague, Premier Wen Jiabao, Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development that cemented China as a major world power. He sought to improve socio-economic equality domestically through the Scientific Development Concept, which aimed to build a "Harmonious Society" that was prosperous and free of social conflict. Meanwhile, Hu kept a tight lid on China politically, cracking down on social disturbances, ethnic minority protests, and dissident figures. In foreign policy, Hu advocated for "China's peaceful development", pursuing soft power in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy. Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America, and other developing countries has increased.
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Hugo Chávez
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈuɣo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβes ˈfɾi.as]; born 28 July 1954) is the current President of Venezuela, having held that position since 1999. He was formerly the leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when he became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Following his own political ideology of Bolivarianism and "Socialism for the 21st Century", he has focused on implementing socialist reforms in the country as a part of a social project known as the Bolivarian Revolution, which has seen the implementation of a new constitution, participatory democratic councils and the nationalisation of several key industries.
Born into a working class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer, and after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system, he founded the secretive Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s to work towards overthrowing it. Chávez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez government in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Getting out of prison after two years, he founded a social democratic political party, the Fifth Republic Movement, and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998. He subsequently introduced a new constitution which increased rights for marginalised groups and altered the structure of Venezuelan government, and was re-elected in 2000. During his second presidential term, he introduced a system of Bolivarian Missions, Communal Councils and worker-managed cooperatives, as well as a program of land reform, whilst also nationalising various key industries.
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Itamar Franco
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (Portuguese pronunciation: [itɐˈmaʁ ˈfɾɐ̃ku]; June 28, 1930 – July 2, 2011) was a Brazilian politician and the President of Brazil from December 29, 1992, to December 31, 1994. During his long political career, Franco was also a Senator, Mayor, Ambassador, Governor and Vice President. At the time of his death he was a Senator from Minas Gerais, having won the seat in the 2010 election.
Franco was born prematurely at sea, aboard a ship traveling between Salvador and Rio de Janeiro. On his father's side he was of partial German descent (the Stiebler family from Minas Gerais), while on the mother's side he was of Italian descent, with both of his maternal grandparents having emigrated to Brazil from Italy. His mother's name was "Itália", which means "Italy" in Portuguese and Italian. Franco's father died prior to his birth.
Franco was named Itamar because he was born on board the ship Ita, at sea (in Portuguese Mar). His family was from Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, where he grew up and became a civil engineer in 1955, graduating from the School of Engineering of Juiz de Fora.
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Jacob Zuma
Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (born 12 April 1942) is the President of South Africa,elected by parliament following his party's victory in the 2009 general election.
Zuma is the President of the African National Congress (ANC), the governing political party, and was Deputy President of South Africa from 1999 to 2005. Zuma is also referred to by his initials JZ and his clan name Msholozi. Zuma became the President of the ANC on 18 December 2007 after defeating incumbent Thabo Mbeki at the ANC conference in Polokwane. Zuma was also a member of the South African Communist Party (SACP), briefly serving on the party's Politburo until he left the party in 1990. On 20 September 2008, Thabo Mbeki announced his resignation after being recalled by the African National Congress's National Executive Committee, following a conclusion by Judge Nicholson of improper interference in the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA), including the prosecution of Jacob Zuma for corruption.
Zuma has faced significant legal challenges. He was charged with rape in 2005, but was acquitted. In addition, he fought a long legal battle over allegations of racketeering and corruption, resulting from his financial advisor Schabir Shaik's conviction for corruption and fraud. On 6 April 2009, the National Prosecuting Authority decided to drop the charges, citing political interference.
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James Cameron
James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian film director, film producer, deep-sea explorer, screenwriter, visual artist and editor. His writing and directing work includes Piranha II: The Spawning (1981), The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), True Lies (1994), Titanic (1997), Dark Angel (2000–02), and Avatar (2009). In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films (specifically underwater documentaries) and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System. Described by a biographer as part-scientist and part-artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26, 2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean, in the Deepsea Challenger submersible.
He has been nominated for six Academy Awards overall and won three for Titanic. In total, Cameron's directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America and US$6 billion worldwide. Without adjusting for inflation, Cameron's Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.16 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. In March 2011 he was named Hollywood's top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million.
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Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc, nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: Jeanne d'Arc,IPA: [ʒan daʁk]; ca. 1412 – 30 May 1431), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in what is now eastern France who claimed divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of "insubordination and heterodoxy," and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was only 19 years old.
Twenty-five years after her execution, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. Joan of Arc was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is – along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux – one of the patron saints of France. Joan said that she had visions from God that instructed her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne.
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José Bové
Joseph (José) Bové (born June 11, 1953 in Talence, Gironde) is a French farmer and syndicalist, member of the alter-globalization movement, and spokesman for Via Campesina. He was one of the twelve official candidates in the 2007 French presidential election. On 7 June 2009, he was elected to the European Parliament as a member of Europe Écologie, a coalition of French environmentalist political parties.
Bové was born in Talence, near Bordeaux, but raised in many different places, both inside and outside France, including the United States. Bové speaks English fluently, having followed his parents to Berkeley, California at the age of three, when they were invited to be researchers at the University of California, Berkeley.
Bové attended a Jesuit secondary school near Paris (from which he was expelled for being "faithless"). While at university, he associated with anarchists and pacifists. When asked to serve in the army, he fled France.
In 1976 Bové joined a movement protesting the proposed expansion of a military camp on the Larzac plateau, which would have displaced sheep farmers. He joined a band of peasants occupying the threatened territory and illegally building a sheep barn. The protest eventually succeeded and the military plan was cancelled. As a result of that experience he became a sheep farmer, producing Roquefort cheese on the Larzac.
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José Dirceu
José Dirceu de Oliveira e Silva (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒoˈzɛ dʒiʁˈsew]; b. Passa Quatro, Minas Gerais, March 16, 1946) is a Brazilian politician.
He participated in a revolutionary armed group following the Brazilian military coup of 1964, and was exiled in 1969. He returned in 1980 and was active politically, his highest post was as the chief-of-staff to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's administration from 2003 to 2005, when he resigned due to corruption charges.
Dirceu moved to São Paulo in 1961 and began his militancy by joining the "Ala Marighella" (later called the ALN) in 1966, a revolutionary armed group linked to the Brazilian Communist Party. In 1968 Dirceu, who was known as "Daniel", was the leader of the State Union of Students or UEE. As a consequence of his militancy in the student movement, Dirceu was arrested on October 12, 1968, during the 30th Congress of the National Student Union (UNE), in Ibiúna.
In 1969 the Marxist revolutionary groups MR8 and ALN abducted the US ambassador to Brazil Charles Burke Elbrick. The revolutionaries demanded the liberation of fifteen prisoners, including José Dirceu. This incident is the basis of the film Four Days in September.
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José Linhares
José Linhares, (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ʎĩˈȷ̃aɾis]; January 28, 1886 – January 26, 1957). Brazilian Chief of Justice. He assumed the presidency of Brazil in 1945–1946, between the deposition of Getúlio Vargas and the oath of Eurico Gaspar Dutra. During his provisional administration, measures were taken to re-establish a democratic system of government.
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José Manuel Barroso
José Manuel Durão Barroso (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃w bɐˈʁozu]; born 23 March 1956) is the 11th and current President of the European Commission and a Portuguese politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 6 April 2002 to 17 July 2004.
Durão Barroso (as he is known in Portugal) graduated in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon and has an MSc in Economic and Social Sciences from the University of Geneva (Institut Européen de l'Université de Genève) in Switzerland. His academic career continued as an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. He did research for a PhD at Georgetown University and Georgetown's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. but his CV does not list any doctoral degree (except honorary). He is a 1998 graduate of the Georgetown Leadership Seminar. Back in Lisbon, Barroso became Director of the Department for International Relations at Lusíada University (Universidade Lusíada). He received honorary degrees from many Universities listed under honorary degrees.
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José Mujica
José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse muˈxika]; born May 20, 1935) is an Uruguayan politician who has been President of Uruguay since 2010. A former guerrilla fighter and a member of the Broad Front (left-wing coalition), Mujica was Minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries from 2005 to 2008 and a Senator afterwards. As the candidate of the Broad Front, he won the 2009 presidential election and took office as President on 1 March 2010.
Mujica was born on 20 May 1935 to Demetrio Mujica, of Basque ancestry and Lucy Cordano of Italian descent. As a youth, Mujica was active in the National Party, where he became close to Enrique Erro.
In the early 1960s, he joined the newly formed Tupamaros movement, an armed political group inspired by the Cuban revolution. He participated in the 1969 brief takeover of Pando, a town close to Montevideo, and was later convicted by a military tribunal under the government of Jorge Pacheco Areco, who had suspended certain constitutional guarantees. Mujica was captured by the authorities on four occasions, and he was among those political prisoners who escaped Punta Carretas Prison in 1971. He was eventually re-apprehended in 1972, and was shot by the police six times. After the military coup in 1973, he was transferred to a military prison where he served 14 years. During the 1970s, this included being confined to the bottom of a well for more than two years. During his time in prison, he remained in contact with other leaders of the Tupamaros, including Frente Amplio Senator Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro and the founder and leader of the Tupamaros, Raúl Sendic.
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José Sarney
José Sarney de Araújo Costa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ saʁˈnej dʒj ɐɾaˈuʒu ˈkɔʃtɐ]; born 24 April 1930 in Pinheiro, Maranhão) is a Brazilian lawyer, writer and politician. He served as president of Brazil from 15 March 1985 to 15 March 1990.
Sarney ascended in the politics of his home state of Maranhão as part of the "Bossa Nova Generation" of UDN politicians in the 1950s, young idealists seeking to reorganize public administration and rid the government of corruption and old deleterious practices. During the Brazilian military dictatorship, which imposed a two-party system, Sarney affiliated himself with the government party, ARENA, becoming the president of the party in 1979. As the regime fell, however, ARENA split over the appointment of Paulo Maluf as Presidential candidate. Sarney joined the dissenters, being instrumental in the creation of the Liberal Front Party. He agreed to run for Vice-President on the ticket of Tancredo Neves, of PMDB, formerly the opposition party to the military government. Neves won the Presidential elections, but fell ill and died before taking office, and Sarney became President. He started out his term with great popularity, but public opinion shifted with the Brazilian debt crisis and the failure of Plano Cruzado to abate chronic inflation.
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José Serra
José Serra (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɛʁɐ]; born March 19, 1942 in São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician, former secretary of state, congressman, senator, minister of Planning and Minister of Health, mayor of São Paulo and Governor of São Paulo state.
José Serra was born in São Paulo's neighbourhood called Mooca to Francesco Serra, an Italian immigrant from Corigliano Calabro, Calabria and Serafina Chirico, a Brazilian born to Italian parents. Serra comes from a lower middle class family. His father was semi-illiterate and worked as a fruit vendor in a market of São Paulo, but he was able to send his only child to a college.
Serra interrupted his studies in engineering at age 22 and left the country in 1964, after the coup that established the military government era in Brazil. Serra had come to the attention of the authorities having served as President of the National Student Union União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE), while he was a 4th year engineering student at the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo.
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José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ˈsɔkɾɐtɨʃ]), is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011.
For the second half of 2007, he acted as the President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union. In addition to these posts, José Sócrates was Portugal's Minister for Youth and Sports and one of the organisers of the UEFA Euro 2004 football championship in Portugal, as well as being a former Environment Minister in the governments of António Guterres.
On 23 March 2011, he submitted his resignation to the president after parliament rejected his government's austerity measures in a vote, leading to the Portuguese legislative election of 2011. After losing the election, held on 5 June 2011, he resigned as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party.
José Sócrates was born in Porto on 6 September 1957, and was registered as a newborn in Vilar de Maçada, Alijó municipality, in northeastern Portugal, since the locality was his family ancestral homeland. However, the young José Sócrates lived throughout his childhood and teen years with his father, a divorced building designer, in the city of Covilhã, Cova da Beira subregion, in central inland Portugal, in the Centro region. His parents are Fernando Pinto de Sousa (b. Vilar de Maçada, Alijó, 15 November 1926) and wife and remote relative Maria Adelaide de Carvalho Monteiro (b. Vilar de Maçada, Alijó, 8 October 1931). He has two younger siblings, António Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, born circa 1962, and Ana Maria Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, died in 1988. He is a descendant of the illegitimate daughter of António José Girão Teixeira Lobo Barbosa (Porto, Sé, 9 January 1715 – Alijó, Vilar de Maçada), Fidalgo of the Royal Household and Knight of the Order of Christ, thrice distant relative of Diogo Cão.
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João Figueiredo
João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃ baˈtistɐ di oliˈvejɾɐ fiɡejˈɾedu]; January 15, 1918 – December 24, 1999) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He was chief of the Secret Service (SNI) during the term of his predecessor Ernesto Geisel. Figueiredo was chosen to be president of Brazil by the former military leader, General Ernesto Geisel. He took the oath of office on March 15, 1979, serving until March 15, 1985. He continued the democratization that Geisel started and decreed amnesty. Facing a severe economic crisis, Figueiredo became increasingly unpopular. He suffered a heart attack in 1981. Since 1964, Brazilians had not been allowed to vote for president and by 1983 they began to demonstrate for the return of the democracy. Figueiredo was against this desire and in 1984 the Congress rejected the return of direct elections. But the opposition, headed by Tancredo Neves, won the election for president in the Congress. Figueiredo retired after the end of his term and died in 1999.
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João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart (gaúcho Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒu.ɐ̃w bewˈki.ɔɾ ˈmarkis ɡuˈlaɾ], or [ˈʒwɐ̃w ˈbɛwkjɔʁ ˈmaʁkiʒ ɡuːˈlaʁ] in the standard fluminense dialect; March 1, 1919 – December 6, 1976) was a Brazilian politician and the 24th President of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on April 1, 1964. He is considered to have been the last left-wing President of the country until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003.
João Goulart is nicknamed "Jango" ([ˈʒɐ̃gu]). The Jânio Quadros–João Goulart presidential bid was thus called "Jan–Jan" ([ʒɐ̃.ʒɐ̃], an amalgamation of Jânio and Jango).
His childhood hypocoristics was "Janguinho" (little Jango), which came from an uncle named Jango. Years later, when he entered the world of politics, supported and advised by Getúlio Vargas, his friends and colleagues started to call him Jango.
His grandfather, Belchior Rodrigues Goulart, descended from Portuguese immigrants from Azores who arrived at Rio Grande do Sul in the second half of the 18th century. In the group of first Azoreans established in the state there were at least three immigrants with the surname Govaert (latter adapted to Goulart or Gularte in Portuguese) of Flemish-Azorean ancestors; the surname Goulart originates from France.
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Juan Manuel Santos
Juan Manuel Santos Calderón (Spanish pronunciation: [xwan maˈnwel ˈsantos kaldeˈɾon]; born August 10, 1951) is a Colombian politician who has been the President of Colombia since 7 August 2010. He previously served as Minister of Foreign Trade, Minister of Finance, and Minister of National Defense.
Juan Manuel Santos attended the prestigious Colegio San Carlos, a private secondary school in Bogotá, where he spend most of his school years until 1967, when he transferred to the Naval School of Cartagena and graduated from it in 1969. He continued in the Colombian Navy until 1971, earning a B.A. and finishing as Naval Cadet NA-42 139.
After leaving the Navy, Santos decided to continue his education in the United States where he attended the University of Kansas and joined Delta Upsilon Fraternity. He graduated in 1973 with a B.A. in Economics and Business Administration. From there he moved to the United Kingdom to study at the London School of Economics and received a MSc in Economic Development, and in Law and Diplomacy from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
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Julia Gillard
Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Australia, in office since 24 June 2010.
Gillard was born in Barry, Wales and migrated with her family to Adelaide, Australia in 1966, attending Mitcham Demonstration School and Unley High School. In 1982 Gillard moved to Melbourne. She graduated from the University of Melbourne with Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees in 1986. In 1987, Gillard joined the law firm Slater & Gordon working in industrial law, before entering politics.
Gillard was elected at the 1998 federal election to the House of Representatives seat of Lalor, Victoria, for the Australian Labor Party. Following the 2001 federal election, Gillard was elected to the shadow cabinet with the portfolios of Population and Immigration. The Reconciliation and Indigenous Affairs and the Health portfolios were added in 2003. In December 2006, Kevin Rudd was elected Labor leader and Leader of the Opposition, with Gillard as deputy leader.
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Juscelino Kubitschek
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuseˈlinu kubiˈtʃɛki dʒi oliˈvejrɐ]; September 12, 1902 – August 22, 1976), known also by his initials JK, was a prominent Brazilian politician of gypsy Czech origin who was President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. He was born in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, and died in 1976. His term was marked by economic prosperity and political stability, being most known by the construction of a new capital, Brasília.
A leader who favored long-term planning and who set high goals for Brazil's future, Kubitschek is viewed inside the country as the father of modern Brazil. He stands among the politicians whose legacy is held most favorably.
Kubitschek was born into a very poor family in the countryside of Brazilian state Minas Gerais. His father, João César de Oliveira (1872–1905), who died when Juscelino was two years old, was a traveling salesman. He was raised by his mother, a schoolteacher named Júlia Kubitschek (1873–1973), of Czech (by grandfather) and Roma(gypsy) descent.[dead link]
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Jânio Quadros
Jânio da Silva Quadros (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒɐniu da ˈsiwva ˈkwadɾus] ( listen)), (January 25, 1917 — February 16, 1992), was a Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil for only 7 months in 1961.
Quadros was born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. His meteoric career can be attributed to his widespread use of populist rhetoric and his extravagant behavior. He became mayor of the city of São Paulo in 1953 and governor of the state of São Paulo just two years later, in 1955. He was elected president of Brazil by a landslide in 1960, running as the candidate of the center-right National Democratic Union. When he took office on January 31, 1961; it was the first time since Brazil became a republic in 1889 that an incumbent government peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition. It was also the first time in 31 years that the presidency was not held by an heir to the legacy of Getúlio Vargas.
Quadros laid the blame for the country's high rate of inflation on his predecessor, Juscelino Kubitschek. As president, Quadros outlawed gambling, banned women from wearing bikinis on the beach, and established relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba, trying to achieve a neutralist international policy. The re-establishment of relations with the Socialist Bloc in the middle of the Cold War cost him the support of the UDN in Congress, so that he was left with no real power.
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Júlio Prestes
Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque (March 15, 1882 – February 9, 1946) was a Brazilian politician. Governor of São Paulo state in 1926, he was elected president of Brazil on March 1, 1930, but never took office because the government was overthrown in the Revolution of 1930 that brought Getúlio Vargas to power, three weeks before Prestes' scheduled inauguration on November 15, 1930.
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Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement. He published various books during his lifetime, with the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894); some of his works were co-written with his friend and fellow German revolutionary socialist, Friedrich Engels.
Born into a wealthy middle class family in Trier, formerly in Prussian Rhineland now called Rhineland-Palatinate, Marx studied at both the University of Bonn and the University of Berlin, where he became interested in the philosophical ideas of the Young Hegelians. In 1836, he became engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, marrying her in 1843. After his studies, he wrote for a radical newspaper in Cologne, and began to work out his theory of dialectical materialism. Moving to Paris in 1843, he began writing for other radical newspapers. He met Engels in Paris, and the two men worked together on a series of books. Exiled to Brussels, he became a leading figure of the Communist League, before moving back to Cologne, where he founded his own newspaper. In 1849 he was exiled again and moved to London together with his wife and children. In London, where the family was reduced to poverty, Marx continued writing and formulating his theories about the nature of society and how he believed it could be improved, and also campaigned for socialism—he became a significant figure in the International Workingmen's Association.
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Leonardo Boff
Leonardo Boff was born 14 December 1938 in Concórdia, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. He is a theologian, philosopher and writer, known for his active support for the rights of the poor and excluded.
He currently serves as Professor Emeritus of Ethics, Philosophy of Religion and Ecology at the Rio de Janeiro State University.
Boff entered the Franciscan Order in 1959 and was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1964. He spent the following years studying for a doctorate in theology and philosophy at the University of Munich, which he received in 1970. Boff's doctoral thesis studied in what measure the church can be a sign of the sacred and the divine in the secular world and in the process of liberation of the oppressed. He has since published his thesis as a book available in German, entitled Die Kirche als Sakrament im Horizont der Welterfahrung.
He became one of the best known supporters (along with Gustavo Gutiérrez) of the early Liberation theologians. He was present in the first reflections that sought to articulate indignation against misery and marginalization with promissory discourse of the faith, leading to Liberation theology. He continues to be a controversial figure in the Catholic Church, primarily for his sharp criticism of the church's hierarchy, which he sees as "fundamentalist" ("A cardinal like J. Ratzinger, who publishes an official paper stating that the only true Church is the Catholic Church, and the others aren't even churches, that the only legitimate religion is Catholicism and the others don't even possess a faith, being just beliefs, perpetrates religious terrorism, besides being a grave theological error" ), but also for his past critical support of communist régimes.
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Leonel Brizola
Leonel de Moura Brizola (January 22, 1922 – June 21, 2004) was a Brazilian politician. Launched in politics by Getúlio Vargas, Brizola was the only politician to serve as governor of two different states in the whole history of Brazil. In 1959 he was elected governor of Rio Grande do Sul, and in 1982 and 1990 he was elected governor of Rio de Janeiro. He was also vice-president of the Socialist International, as well as Honorary President of that organization for a few months, from October 2003 until his death. Brizola and his party (Democratic Labour Party) preached and practiced a kind of social democratic left-wing policy.
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Louis Althusser
Louis Pierre Althusser (French pronunciation: [altyˈsɛʁ]; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria and studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy.
Althusser was a longtime member—although sometimes a strong critic—of the French Communist Party. His arguments and thesis were set against the threats that he saw attacking the theoretical foundations of Marxism. These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties, as well as the problem of the "cult of personality" and of ideology.
Althusser is commonly referred to as a structural Marxist, although his relationship to other schools of French structuralism is not a simple affiliation and he was critical of many aspects of structuralism.
Althusser's life was marked by periods of intense mental illness. During one of his bouts, he killed his wife by strangling her.
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Luiz Pinguelli Rosa
Luiz Pingueli Rosa (born 1942) is a Brazilian nuclear physicist, researcher and professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He is also a scientific leader. He lives in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
One of Dr. Rosa's fields activity is renewable energy. He has also been scientifically and politically active in the field of nuclear energy.
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Manmohan Singh
Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ [mənˈmoːɦən ˈsɪ́ŋɡ], Hindi: मनमोहन सिंह [mənˈmoːɦən ˈsɪŋɦ] ( listen); born 26 September 1932) is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. He is the only Prime Minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to return to power after completing a full five-year term. A Sikh, he is the first non-Hindu to occupy the office. Singh is also the 7th Prime Minister from the Indian National Congress (Congress) party. He is a four-time Member of Parliament from the Upper House of the Parliament of India, the Rajya Sabha, representing the state of Assam. His term in the 14th Rajya Sabha was from 22 May 2004 to 26 February 2009. In the 15th Rajya Sabha his term started 22 May 2009 and is scheduled to continue till 2014. On 27 May 2012, he became the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Myanmar in 25 years.
Born in Gah, Punjab in British India (now Pakistan) in 1932, he migrated to India with his family at the time of Partition in 1947. Singh studied at Panjab University, University of Cambridge and University of Oxford. Thereafter, while Singh was working at United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Lalit Narayan Mishra, the then Indian Minister for Foreign Trade, appointed Singh as an advisor to his ministry. He was appointed Governor of the Reserve Bank of India between 1982 and 1985, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India from 1985 to 1987 and Secretary General of the South Commission from 1987 to 1990. Elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1991, he was inducted into Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao's cabinet as Finance Minister the same year, a post he held until 1996. His tenure as Finance Minister is best remembered for the economic reforms he carried out, which ended the Licence Raj system and helped open the Indian economy.
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Maria I of Portugal
Maria I (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was Queen regnant of Portugal and the Algarves from 1777 until her death. Known as Maria the Pious (in Portugal), or Maria the Mad (in Brazil), she was the first undisputed Queen regnant of Portugal. She was the eldest of the four daughters of Joseph I of Portugal and Mariana Victoria of Spain.
Maria was born at the Ribeira Royal Palace in Lisbon. Maria was baptized Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana de Bragança. On the day of her birth, her grandfather, King João V of Portugal, created her the Princess of Beira. She was the eldest of all her siblings.
When her father ucceeded to the throne in 1750 as José I, Maria was declared his heiress-presumptive and given the traditional title of Princess of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza.
Maria would grow up in a time when her father's government and country was governed completely by the first Marquis of Pombal. Her father would often retire to the Queluz National Palace which was later given to Maria and her husband. The Marquis took control of the government after the terrible 1755 Lisbon earthquake of 1 November 1755, in which around 100,000 people lost their lives; the palace of her birth was also destroyed in the disaster.
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Marina Silva
Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima (born near Rio Branco, in Acre on February 8, 1958) is a Brazilian environmentalist and politician. Ms. Silva was a colleague of Chico Mendes, who was assassinated for defending the Amazon environment. She was a member of the Partido dos Trabalhadores until August 19, 2009 and served as a senator before becoming environmental minister in 2003. In 1996, Ms. Silva won the Goldman Environmental Prize for South & Central America. In 2007, the United Nations Environment Program named her one of the Champions of the Earth and the 2009 Sophie Prize. Running in the 2010 Brazilian elections, she won 19.4% of the popular votes.
In 2010, she along with Cécile Duflot, Monica Frassoni, Elizabeth May and Renate Künast were named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers, for taking Green mainstream.
Ms. Silva is descendent of Portuguese and black African parents on both her maternal and paternal lines. Silva grew up as one of eleven children in a community of rubber tappers on the Bagasse (Bagaço) rubber tree plantation (Portuguese Seringal Bagaço), in the western state of Acre. Orphaned at age 16, young Marina moved to the state capital, Rio Branco, where she received a Catholic education as she worked as a maid. She graduated in history from the Federal University of Acre at 26 and became increasingly politically active. In 1984 Ms. Silva helped create Acre's first workers' union. She led demonstrations called empates with Chico Mendes to warn against deforestation and the outplacement of forest communities from their traditional locations.
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Mario Monti
Mario Monti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo ˈmonti]; born 19 March 1943) is an Italian economist and academic who has been the 54th Prime Minister of Italy, as well as Minister of Economy and Finance, since November 2011.
Monti served as a European Commissioner from 1995 to 2004, with responsibility for the Internal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation from 1995 to 1999 and for Competition from 1999 to 2004. Monti has also been Rector and President of Bocconi University in Milan.
On 12 November 2011, in the midst of the European sovereign debt crisis, Monti was invited by President Giorgio Napolitano to form a new technocratic government (in Italian, governo tecnico) following the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi. Monti was sworn in as Prime Minister on 16 November 2011, just a week after having been appointed a Senator for Life.
Monti was born in Varese on 19 March 1943. His mother was from Piacenza. Although his father grew up in Varese, he was born in Luján in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, where the Monti family had emigrated in the 19th century and built up a soft-drink and beer-production business. Monti's father went back to Argentina during World War II, but later returned to his family home in Varese.
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Martine Aubry
Martine Aubry (French pronunciation: [maʁtin obʁi]; née Delors; born 8 August 1950) is a French politician. She has been the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste, or PS) since November 2008 and Mayor of Lille (Nord) since March 2001. Her father, Jacques Delors, served as Minister of Finance under President François Mitterrand and was also President of the European Commission.
Aubry joined the PS in 1974 and was appointed Minister of Labour by Prime Minister Édith Cresson in 1991, but lost her position in 1993 after the Right won the legislative elections. However, she became Minister of Social Affairs when Lionel Jospin was appointed Prime Minister in 1997. She is mostly known for having pushed the popular 35-hour workweek law, known as the "Loi Aubry", reducing the nominal length of the normal full-time working week from 39 to 35 hours, and the law that created the Couverture maladie universelle (Universal health care coverage).
Aubry stepped down from her Cabinet post in 2001 to be elected Mayor of Lille in place of Pierre Mauroy. Aubry subsequently lost her seat in the National Assembly in the general election of 2002. In March 2008, she was reelected Mayor of Lille, with 66.55% of the votes.
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Mauricio Funes
Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena (born 18 October 1959) is the President of El Salvador. He won the 2009 presidential election as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party and took office on 1 June 2009.
Funes was born in San Salvador. He is married to Dr. Vanada Pignado, who was involved in the Workers' Party in Brazil. They have one son, Gabriel. Funes received his High School Diploma (Bachillerato) from the Externado San José, and studied at Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas"(UCA) but did not graduate . Both Externado and UCA are jesuit institutions, something that has deeply influenced president Funes. In this respect, Funes has mentioned his relationship to the murdered scholars of UCA as of particular significance in his professional and personal development. In 1994 he was awarded the Maria Moors Cabot prize from Columbia University for promoting press freedom and inter-American understanding.
Funes' brother was killed during the Salvadoran Civil War. His oldest son, Alejandro Funes Velasco, who was 27 years old, died after being attacked in Paris, France, where he was studying photography.
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Michel Temer
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia (born September 23, 1940), better known as Michel Temer, is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, and currently the Vice-President of Brazil after winning on the ticket of Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff. He is also the President of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, although he is currently suspended from that office to comply with Brazilian Law and to carry out his duties as Vice-President.
He previously served for six consecutive terms as Federal Deputy for the state of São Paulo in the Chamber of Deputies, and on three separate occasions served two-year terms as President of the Chamber (in 1997-1998, 1999-2000 and 2009-2010). Temer was also a member of the 1988 National Constituent Assembly, which promulgated the current Constitution of Brazil.
Born in Tietê, São Paulo state, Temer holds a doctorate in Law from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. He served as State prosecutor and twice as State Secretary for Public Security, in both capacities working in São Paulo. He is a licensed professor of Constitutional Law at PUC-SP, and has authored numerous books on the subject.
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Mino Carta
Mino Carta, pseudonym of Demetrio Giuliano Gianni Carta (Born c. 1933 in Genoa) is an Italian-born Brazilian journalist, publisher and writer. Carta helped in the creation of Veja, Istoé and CartaCapital, three of the four leading newsmagazines currently published in Brazil.
Carta arrived in São Paulo, São Paulo with his family after the War in 1946, when he "still wore short pants". He was probably 12 or 13 years old at that time. He recalls São Paulo as a "quiet and orderly" town with "human measures".
In 1951, Carta did a vestibular exam and was admitted at the University of São Paulo's traditional Law School of Largo São Francisco. His enrollment records state that he was born on September 3, 1933. He attended the classes of the first years, but quit and ended up never graduating from higher education.
In 1960 he started his career in journalism by helping to found Editora Abril automobile magazine Quatro Rodas. In 1966, he introduced new journalism in Brazil by founding São Paulo-based newspaper Jornal da Tarde. Two years later, he helped Victor Civita of Abril to found Veja, which currently is the leading newsmagazine in the country, with a circulation of over a million copies per edition. Unsatisfied with the result, he helped in the foundation of Istoé in 1976. Yet not completely satisfied with the result, he founded CartaCapital in 1994. On the new magazine, he and other columnists emphatically criticize neoliberal and neocon politics that are recently defended by Veja.
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Monica Frassoni
Monica Frassoni (born September 10, 1963 in Veracruz, Mexico) is an Italian politician and was a Member of the European Parliament for the North West of Italy until 2009. She is a member of the Italian Green Party, part of the European Greens. Frassoni was co-chair, together with Daniel Cohn-Bendit, of the European Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament until 2009. Before first being elected as an MEP of the Francophone Green party Ecolo from Belgium in 1999, she served for 10 years as an officer of the Greens group in the European Parliament. She was previously Secretary General of the Young European Federalists.
In 2010, she along with Cécile Duflot, Renate Künast, and Marina Silva were named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers, for taking Green mainstream.
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Nelson Jobim
Nelson Azevedo Jobim (born 12 April 1946) is a Brazilian jurist and politician. He served as the Minister of Defense of Brazil from 2007–2011. He is a distant relative of musician Antonio Carlos Jobim.
Jobim was born in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, the son of Hélvio Jobim and Namy Azevedo Jobim, and the grandson of former governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Walter Só Jobim. He attended the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre from 1964 to 1968, and graudated with a bachelor's degree in Social and Legal Sciences. He taught philosophy of law and procedural law at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. His brothers are Walter Jobim Neto and Hélvio Jobim Filho.
After graduation, he began practicing as a lawyer. He was chairman of the sub-section of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil in Santa Maria from 1977 to 1978, and was vice president of the Rio Grande do Sul section of the Brazilian Bar Association from 1985 to 1986. He was also a member of the Office of Lawyers of Rio Grande do Sul and the Institute of Brazilian Lawyers, based in Rio de Janeiro. Jobim served as an Adjunct Professor of the Department of Law for the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria from 1980 to 1986. Jobim also sporadically taught graduate classes at the Department of Law of the Universidade de Brasília in the early 1990s.
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Nereu Ramos
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (Portuguese pronunciation: [neˈrew di oliˈvejrɐ ˈʁɐ̃mus]; September 3, 1888 – June 16, 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. Ramos was vice-president of the Republic between 1947 and 1951. Elected to the Federal Senate as a representative from Santa Catarina state in 1954, he became the Senate's vice-president in the following year. By this stage President Getúlio Vargas had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's successor Café Filho soon stepped down because of poor health; and the president of the Chamber of Deputies Carlos Luz was impeached after holding the presidency only two days. Ramos, who was the next in the line of succession, assumed the presidency on November 11, 1955 to complete Vargas's term. He served until January 31, 1956, whereupon Juscelino Kubitschek took the oath of presidential office. He was the last President to have been born in the Empire of Brazil.
Nereu Ramos died in a Cruzeiro airline crash on July, 6th 1958 near Curitiba Afonso Pena International Airport.
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Nicos Poulantzas
Nicos Poulantzas (Greek: Νίκος Πουλαντζάς; 21 September 1936, Athens, Greece – 3 October 1979, Paris, France) was a Greek Marxist political sociologist. In the 1970s, Poulantzas was known, along with Louis Althusser, as a leading Structural Marxist and, while at first a Leninist, eventually became a proponent of eurocommunism. He is most well known for his theoretical work on the state. But he also offered Marxist contributions to the analysis of fascism, social class in the contemporary world, and the collapse of the dictatorships in Southern Europe in the 1970s (e.g. Franco's rule in Spain, Salazar's in Portugal, and Papadopoulos's in Greece).
Poulantzas studied law in Greece and moved to France where he completed a doctorate in the philosophy of law. He taught sociology at the University of Paris VIII from 1968 until his death. He was married to the French novelist Annie Leclerc and had one daughter. He killed himself in 1979 by jumping from the window of a friend's flat in Paris.
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Nilo Peçanha
Nilo Procópio Peçanha (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnilu proˈkɔpju peˈsaɲɐ]; 2 October 1867 – 31 March 1924) was a Brazilian politician. He was Governor of Rio de Janeiro State (1903–1906), then elected Vice-President of Brazil in 1906. He assumed the presidency in 1909 following the death of President Afonso Pena and served until 1910. He was disputably the only mulatto president of Brazil.
Nilo Peçanha was born to Sebastião de Sousa Peçanha, a baker, and Joaquina Anália de Sá Freire, the descendent of a wealthy and noble family from northern Rio de Janeiro State. He was one of seven siblings (five boys and two girls). His family lived in a state of poverty in the remote and poor neighborhood of Morro do Coco, Campos dos Goytacazes, and moved to the downtown area when Peçanha started elementary education.
He was frequently described as being a mulatto and often ridiculed in the press for his skin color. During his youth, the local Campos dos Goytacazes social elite alluded to him as the "mestiço of Morro do Coco" (the half-breed from Morro do Coco district). In 1921, when he ran for the Presidency of Republic, letters falsely attributed to the other candidate Artur Bernardes were published by the press and caused a political crisis because they insulted both the former president Marshal Hermes da Fonseca and also Peçanha, another former president, claiming he was a mulatto. Gilberto Freyre mentioned his "mulatismo" in Brazilian politics as the same that prevailed in Brazilian soccer. According to some scholars, his presidential photographs were touched up to whiten his dark skin.
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Noël Mamère
Noël Mamère (born 25 December 1948 in Libourne, Gironde) is a French singer, cyclist and politician.
He rose to fame in the 1980s as a TV entertainer, in particular on Antenne 2[1].
In 1992, he became president of Brice Lalonde's Ecology Generation party, from which he was expelled in 1994. He then founded "Ecology-Solidarity Convergences", of which he was president, before joining Les Verts in 1998.
In 2002, he was presidential candidate and garnered 5.25% of the votes. He is the mayor of Bègles in Gironde as well as deputy to the French National Assembly for that constituency.
On 5 June 2004 he stirred up controversy by conducting a marriage ceremony for a male homosexual couple (see same-sex marriage in France).
Noël Mamère has achieved lasting fame as a composer and interpreter in particular with Les Enfants de Par Là.
Noël Mamère has also become famous as a result of his cycling endeavoursNoël Mamère et son vélo.
Electoral mandates
European Parliament
Member of European Parliament : 1994–1997 (Resignation, elected in the National Assembly of France). Elected in 1994.
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Oliver Stone
William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Stone became well known in the late 1980s and the early 1990s for directing a series of films about the Vietnam War, in which he had previously participated as an infantry soldier. He won further attention - and controversy - with films JFK (1991) and Natural Born Killers (1994). Stone's movies frequently focus on contemporary political and cultural issues. He has received three Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay for Midnight Express (1978), and Best Director for Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989). British newspaper The Guardian described Stone as "one of the few committed men of the left working in mainstream American cinema." Stone's films often combine different cameras and film formats within a single scene (including VHS and 8 mm film) as evidenced in JFK and Natural Born Killers.
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Ollanta Humala
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈʎanta mojˈses uˈmala ˈtaso]) (born June 27, 1962) is a Peruvian politician and the President of Peru. Humala, who previously served as an army officer, lost the presidential election in 2006 but won the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote. He was elected as President of Peru in the second round, defeating Keiko Fujimori.
The son of Isaac Humala, a labour lawyer, Humala entered the Peruvian Army in 1982. In the military he achieved the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; in 1992 he fought in the internal conflict against the Shining Path and three years later he participated in the Cenepa War against Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala led an unsuccessful military revolt by 39 soldiers in the southern city of Tacna against President Alberto Fujimori; he was pardoned by the Peruvian Congress after the downfall of the Fujimori regime.
In 2005 he founded the Peruvian Nationalist Party and registered to run in the 2006 presidential election. The nomination was made under the Union for Peru ticket as the Nationalist party did not achieve its electoral inscription on time. He passed the first round of the elections, held on April 9, 2006, with 30.62% of the valid votes. A runoff was held on June 4 between Humala and Alan García of the Peruvian Aprista Party. Humala lost this round with 47.47% of the valid votes versus 52.62% for García. After his defeat, Humala remained as an important figure within Peruvian politics.
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Olívio Dutra
Olívio de Oliveira Dutra (born 10 June 1941 in Bossoroca, Rio Grande do Sul) is a Brazilian politician. He is a founding member of the Workers' Party.
Dutra graduated in Grammar school and became an employee of Banrisul, Rio Grande do Sul's then state owned bank, on 1961. In that position, he became familiarized with the Porto Alegre Bank Workers Union. He was elected President of the organization in 1975. On 1979 he organized a major strike of the government employees. For that reason, he was arrested by the political police of the military dictatorship and lost his term as the Union's President.
During the redemocratization of Brazilian politics, Dutra participated of the foundation of the Workers' Party section in his state, of which he was the President from 1980 to 1986. On the 1982 gubernatorial elections, the first in over twenty years, he was released as the Workers' Party candidate. He received unexpressive voting, coming in last place with more than 50,000 votes. In 1986, Dutra was elected Constitutional Congressman with over 55,000 votes. During the time in which he lived in Brasília, Dutra shared an apartment with Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, also a Congressman and the former President of Brazil. Since then, they are close friends.
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Oscar Niemeyer
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian architect specializing in international modern architecture. In the 1940s, '50s and '60s "he established himself as one of Modernism's greatest luminaries," while he “reshaped Brazil’s identity in the popular imagination and mesmerized architects around the globe." During the 1950s while Brasilia was starting to develop, Oscar Niemeyer made incredible amounts of contributions to the country by designing many important buildings in Brasilia. He is a pioneer in exploring the formal possibilities of reinforced concrete solely for their aesthetic impact. He is currently 104 years old and still working.
Niemeyer is most famous for his use of abstract forms and curves that specifically characterize every one of his works; he didn’t stick to traditional straight lines, for he is not attracted to straight angles or lines but rather he is captured by ”free-flowing, sensual curves… [like that] on the body of the beloved woman.” He was able to design and build curved architecture through his revolutionary useage of concrete. His designs are daring: mixing innovation and courage, plastic freedom and invention. His buildings are often characterized by being spacious and exposed, mixing volumes and empty space to create unconventional patterns and often propped up by piloti. His work with concrete is described as elegant and harmonious. Oscar Niemeyer was able to connect the baroque style with modern architecture leading to a new form of architecture, which had never been built in Brazil before.
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Philippe Lamberts
Philippe Lamberts (born 1963 in Brussels) is a Belgian politician, co-spokesperson of the European Green Party (first with Ulrike Lunacek, then with Monica Frassoni) and a Member of the European Parliament for the Ecolo party.
He graduated as an engineer at the Université catholique de Louvain in 1986. Since 1987 he has worked as a manager in the private sector. Between 1999 and 2003 he was an adviser of the Vice-Prime Minister Isabelle Durant on foreign affairs and defence.
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Portuguese Brazilian
Portuguese Brazilians (or Luso-brasileiros) are Brazilian citizens whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Portugal[citation needed]. Most of the Portuguese who arrived throughout the centuries to Brazil sought economic opportunities. Although present since the onset of colonization, Portuguese people began migrating to Brazil in larger numbers and without state support, in the 18th century.
Some of the earliest colonists for whom we have written records are João Ramalho and Diogo Álvares Correia. At the time the Portuguese Crown was focused on securing its highly lucrative Portuguese Empire in Asia, and so did little to protect the newly discovered lands in the Americas from foreign interlopers. As a result, many pirates, mainly French, began dealing in pau brasil with the Amerindians. This situation worried Portugal, which in the 1530s started to encourage the colonization of Brazil, principally for defensive reasons. The towns of Cananéia (1531), São Vicente (1532), Porto Seguro (1534) and Iguape (1538) date from that period.
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Prudente de Morais
Prudente José de Morais Barros (Portuguese pronunciation: [pruˈdẽtʃi ʒoˈzɛ di moˈrajs ˈbaʁus]; 4 October 1841 – 3 December 1902) was the third president of Brazil. He is notable as the first civilian president of the country and the first to be elected by direct popular ballot under the permanent provisions of Brazil's 1891 Constitution. His presidency, which lasted from 15 November 1894 until 15 November 1898, was marked by the War of Canudos, a campesinant revolt in the northeast of the country that was crushed by the Brazilian Army. He also had to face a break in diplomatic relations with Portugal that was successfully mediated by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
Previously he had been the Governor of the State of São Paulo and President of the Senate from 1891 to 1894. He was also president of the Constituent Congress that drafted and approved Brazil's 1891 Constitution.
The city of Presidente Prudente, located in the western part of the State of São Paulo, is named after him.
His ancestry dated back to the early Portuguese settlers of Brazil.
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Rafael Correa
Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado (6 April 1963) is the President of the Republic of Ecuador and was the president pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations. An economist educated in Ecuador, Belgium and the United States, he was elected President in late 2006 and took office in January 2007. In December 2008, he declared Ecuador's national debt illegitimate, based on the argument that it was odious debt contracted by corrupt and despotic prior regimes. He then pledged to fight creditors in international courts, and succeeded in reducing the price of the debt letters and continued paying all the debt. He brought Ecuador into the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas in June 2009. To date, Correa’s administration has succeeded in reducing the high levels of poverty, indigence, and unemployment in Ecuador.
Correa's first term in office had been due to end on 15 January 2011, but the new approved constitution written by the new National Assembly mandated general elections for 26 April 2009. In that election, Rafael Correa won in the first round with 51.9% of votes counted. It was the first time since 1979 in which a representative was elected without having to face a second round. Consequently, Correa began a new term in office due to end on 10 August 2013, which could be extended by reelection until 2017.
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Raoni Metuktire
Raoni Metuktire, born ca. 1930, is a chief of the Kayapo people, a Brazilean Indigenous group from the plain lands of the Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil, south of the Amazon Basin and along Rio Xingu and its tributaries.
Raoni Metuktire was born in the State of Mato Grosso in 1930, in the heart of the Amazonian forest, in the village named Krajmopyjakare (today called Kapôt).
Raoni and the Kayapo encountered the Western World for the first time in 1954. Initiated to the Portuguese language by the Villas-Bôas brothers, famous indigenous anthropologist of Brazil, he meets King Léopold III of Belgium in 1964, while the latter was on an expedition in the protected indigenous reserve of Mato Grosso. In 1978 he became the subject of a documentary film shot in 35mm. Actor Marlon Brando, then at the height of his fame, agreed to be filmed for the opening sequence and the movie was nominated for the Academy Awards.
Since 1988, Raoni Metuktire has achieved worldwide renown for his struggle for the preservation of the Amazon rainforest. His fight has obtained public attention thanks in part to singer Sting who contributed in 1989 with his wife Trudy Styler to the creation of the Rainforest Foundation. With the presence of the singer, Raoni spread his word worldwide and twelve foundations have since been created to raise funds for the protection of the rainforest. During his various world tours Raoni has met with world leaders such as the French Presidents François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac, as well as the King of Spain Juan Carlos, Prince Charles and the pope John Paul II.
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (IPA: [ɾeˈd͡ʒep tajˈjip ˈæɾdoan]; born 26 February 1954) has been Prime Minister of Turkey since 2003 and is chairman of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party), which holds a majority of the seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Erdoğan served as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He graduated in 1981 from Marmara University's Faculty of Economics and Commercial Sciences. Erdoğan was also a semi-professional footballer from 1969 to 1982.
Erdoğan was elected Mayor of Istanbul in the local elections of 27 March 1994. He was banned from office and sentenced to a prison term for reciting a poem during a public address in the province of Siirt on 12 December 1997. The poem was allegedly quoted from a book published by a state enterprise and one that had been recommended to teachers by the Ministry of Education. After six months in prison, Erdoğan established the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) on August 14, 2001. From its first year, the AK Party became the largest publicly-supported political movement in Turkey. In the general election of 2002 the AK Party won nearly two-thirds of the seats in parliament, forming the first single-party government for 9 years.
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Rui Falcão
Rui Falcão is a Brazilian politician, the incumbent president of the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores). He also served as the President of the Workers' Party in 1994 and was elected again president of the party to the term 2011-2013. He was the Secretary of Government of São Paulo during Marta Suplicy's administration.
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Régis Debray
Jules Régis Debray (born September 2, 1940) is a French intellectual,journalist, government official and professor. He is known for his theorization of mediology, a critical theory of the long-term transmission of cultural meaning in human society; and for having fought in 1967 with Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara in Bolivia.
Born in Paris, Regis Debray studied at the École Normale Supérieure under Louis Althusser, and became "agrégé de philosophie" in 1965.
In the late 1960s he was a professor of philosophy at the University of Havana in Cuba, and became an associate of Che Guevara in Bolivia. He wrote the book Revolution in the Revolution?, which analysed the tactical and strategic doctrines then prevailing among militant socialist movements in Latin America, and acted as a handbook for guerrilla warfare that supplemented Guevara's own manual on the subject. It was published by Maspero in Paris in 1967 and in the same year in New York (Monthly Review Press and Grove), Montevideo (Sandino), Milan (Feltrinelli) and Munich (Trikont). Guevara was captured in Bolivia early in October, 1967; on April 20, 1967, Debray had been arrested in the small town of Muyupampa, also in Bolivia. Convicted of having been part of Guevara's guerrilla group Debray on November 17 was sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1970 after an international campaign for his release which included Jean-Paul Sartre, André Malraux, General Charles de Gaulle and Pope Paul VI. He sought refuge in Chile, where he wrote The Chilean Revolution (1972) after interviews with Salvador Allende. Debray returned to France in 1973 following the coup by Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
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Sebastián Piñera
Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel ˈxwan sevasˈtjan piˈɲeɾa etʃeˈnice]; born December 1, 1949) is a Chilean businessman and politician. He was elected President of Chile in January 2010, taking office in March 2010.
One year after his birth, Piñera's family moved abroad to Belgium and later to New York City where his father was the Chilean ambassador to the United Nations. Piñera returned to Chile in 1955 and was enrolled in the Colegio del Verbo Divino ("Divine Word College"), from which he graduated in 1967.
Piñera then matriculated at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile to undertake his undergraduate degree in Business and Administration, from which he graduated in 1971. Upon graduation, he was awarded the Raúl Iver Oxley Prize which is given to the best overall student of each class.
Piñera continued on to study at Harvard University on a partial Fulbright Program for his postgraduate studies in economics. During his time at Harvard, Piñera and a classmate co-authored an article titled, "The Old South's Stake in the Inter-Regional Movement of Slaves" for the Journal of Economic History. After three years at Harvard, Piñera graduated with both a M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics.
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Sigourney Weaver
Sigourney Weaver (born Susan Alexandra Weaver; October 8, 1949) is an American actress. She is known for her role of Ellen Ripley in the four Alien films: Alien, Aliens, Alien 3, and Alien Resurrection, for which she has received worldwide recognition.
Other notable roles include Dana Barrett in Ghostbusters and its sequel Ghostbusters II, Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey, Working Girl, Death and the Maiden, The Ice Storm, Galaxy Quest, Snow Cake, Prayers for Bobby and Grace Augustine in Avatar.
Weaver has been nominated for three Academy Awards, three BAFTA Awards (one win), two Emmy Awards, six Saturn Awards (two wins) and six Golden Globe Awards, winning two in 1988 for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl, becoming the first person ever to have won two acting Golden Globe Awards in the same year. She was also nominated for a Drama Desk Award and a Tony Award.
Her 1986 Academy Award nomination for Aliens is considered as a landmark in the recognition of science fiction, action, and horror genres, as well as a major step in challenging the gender role in cinema. Weaver progressively received notoriety for her numerous contributions to the science fiction film history (including minor roles in successful works such as Futurama, WALL-E and Paul) and gained the nickname of "The Sci-Fi Queen".
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Silas Rondeau
Silas Rondeau is a Brazilian politician, and a member of Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). He formerly served as Minister of Mines and Energy in Brazil President Lula's cabinet.
On May 22, 2007, he resigned over allegations of corruption in a public works project. According to BBC, the police suspected that Rondeau took more than a $100,000 reais kickback from a construction company that won a contract to provide power to rural areas across Brazil. But, the country's justice minister Tarso Genro said that there was no proof directly linking this scandal to Rondeau.
Rondeau claimed, in his letter of resignation, that he believed it was "the correct thing to do" and denied any involvement.
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Sonia Gandhi
Sonia Gandhi (born Antonia Edvige Albina Maino on 9 December 1946) is an Italian-born Indian politician and the President of the Indian National Congress, one of the major political parties of India. She is the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi and belongs to Nehru–Gandhi family. After his assassination in 1991, she was invited by the Indian National Congress to take over the Congress but refused and publicly stayed away from politics amidst constant prodding by the Congress. She finally agreed to join politics in 1997; in 1998, she was elected as the leader of the Congress.
Since then, Sonia Gandhi has been the President of the Indian National Congress Party. She has served as the Chairperson of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in the Lok Sabha since 2004. In September 2010, on being re-elected for the fourth time, she became the longest serving president in the 125-year history of the Congress party. Her foreign birth has been a subject of much debate and controversy. Although Sonia is actually the fifth foreign-born person to be leader of the Congress Party, she is the first since independence in 1947.
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Stephen Harper
Stephen Joseph Harper, PC MP (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party. Harper became prime minister when his party formed a minority government after the 2006 federal election. He is the first prime minister from the newly reconstituted Conservative Party, following a merger of the Progressive Conservative and Canadian Alliance parties.
Harper has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta since 2002. Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the MP for Calgary West. He was one of the founding members of the Reform Party, but did not seek re-election, and instead joined, and shortly thereafter led, the National Citizens Coalition. In 2002, he succeeded Stockwell Day as leader of the Canadian Alliance (the successor to the Reform Party) and returned to parliament as Leader of the Opposition. In 2003, he reached an agreement with Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay for the merger of their two parties to form the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected as the party's first non-interim leader in March 2004.
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Stuart Angel
Stuart Edgar Angel Jones (January 11, 1946 – May 14, 1971) was an American Brazilian guerrilla fighter captured, tortured and killed by officers of the Brazilian military dictatorship.
Stuart was born in Salvador, Bahia, to American salesman Norman Angel Jones and Brazilian fashion designer Zuzu Angel, having dual citizenship. Stuart was an undergraduate student at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro's School of Economics when he joined left-wing urban guerrilla group Revolutionary Movement 8th October (Portuguese: Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro - MR-8). He married fellow militant Sônia Maria Morais Angel Jones, who would also die in the custody of the military dictatorship's political police. Stuart, known by his fellow guerrillas by the codenames "Paulo" and "Henrique", disappeared in 1971, at age 25.
Stuart was arrested in the neighborhood of Grajaú, Rio de Janeiro, near Av. 28 de Setembro, around 9 a.m. on June 14, 1971 by officers of the Aeronautics Information Center (Portuguese: Centro de Informações da Aeronáutica - CISA). He was then taken under custody to CISA headquarters, where he was reportedly tortured to death. According to witnesses, Stuart was tied to the back of a jeep with his mouth glued to the vehicle's exhaust pipe and dragged through the courtyard of the Aeronautics headquarters. According to this version, Stuart died by asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Tancredo Neves
Tancredo de Almeida Neves, SFO more commonly Tancredo Neves (Portuguese pronunciation: [tɐ̃ˈkɾedu ˈnɛvis]; March 4, 1910 – April 21, 1985) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in São João del Rey, in the state of Minas Gerais, of mostly Portuguese, but also Austrian descent and graduated in law. The Neves family name comes from an Azorean great great grandfather. Tancredo Neves was a descendant of Amador Bueno, a noted paulista from the colonial Brazilian era.
He began his political career as a member of the legislative chamber of his hometown in 1934, and was elected in 1947 to the Minas Gerais state legislature. Three years later he became a representative of his state in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. In 1953 he was appointed by President Getúlio Dornelles Vargas to be the Minister of Justice. Neves served in that post until Vargas committed suicide in 1954. In 1960, Neves ran unsuccessfully for governor of Minas Gerais.
During the political crisis that began with the resignation of President Jânio da Silva Quadros on August 25, 1961, a parliamentary system was installed in Brazil by a constitutional amendment passed on September 2, 1961. Neves was appointed as Prime Minister by President João Goulart and served from September 1961 until July 1962. The parliamentary system was abolished by plebiscite in January 1963.
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Tarso Genro
Tarso Fernando Herz Genro is a Brazilian politician, and a member of the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT). As a result of the Mensalão scandal, Genro served the remainder of José Genoíno's term as party president in 2005. Ricardo Berzoini was elected to the post later that year.
Following his service as interim president, Genro was a top political adviser to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, former President of Brazil (2006–2010), during the contentious, but quite successful, 2006 Presidential campaign. On 16 March 2007, he became the new Minister of Justice in Lula's cabinet.
Genro is the former mayor of Porto Alegre, the capital city of Rio Grande do Sul, and was a candidate for the state's governorship on 2010. Since January 1, 2011, he is the state's Governor.
wn.com/Tarso_Genro -
Tom Morello
Thomas Baptiste Morello (born May 30, 1964) is a Grammy Award-winning American guitarist best known for his tenure with the bands Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave, his acoustic solo act The Nightwatchman, and his newest group, Street Sweeper Social Club. Tom is also the co-founder (along with Serj Tankian) of the non-profit political activist organization Axis of Justice, which airs a monthly program on Pacifica Radio station KPFK (90.7 FM) in Los Angeles. He is best known for his unique and creative guitar playing style, which incorporates feedback noises, unconventional picking and tapping as well as heavy use of guitar effects. He was ranked #26 in Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."
Tom Morello was born on May 30, 1964, in Harlem, New York, to Ngethe Njoroge and Mary Morello. Tom is of Irish and Italian descent on his maternal side, and Kikuyu Kenyan descent on his paternal side. His mother was a schoolteacher from Marseilles, Illinois, who earned a Master of Arts at Loyola University, Chicago and travelled to Germany, Spain, Japan, and Kenya as an English language teacher between 1977 to 1983. His father was a Kenyan participant in the Mau Mau Uprising, and served as Kenya's first ambassador to the United Nations. Morello's paternal great-uncle, Jomo Kenyatta, was the first elected president in Kenyan history. His parents met in August 1963, while attending a pro-democracy protest in Nairobi, Kenya. After discovering her pregnancy, Mary returned to the United States with Njoroge in November, and married in New York City.
wn.com/Tom_Morello -
Venceslau Brás
Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes (Portuguese pronunciation: [vẽsesˈlaw ˈbras peˈrejrɐ ˈɡomis]; 26 February 1868 – 15 May 1966) was a Brazilian politician. Brás was born in Brasópolis (formerly São Caetano da Vargem Grande), Minas Gerais State. He became governor of that state in 1909, and in 1910 he was elected vice-president under Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca. He was elected president in 1914 and served until 1918. He declared war on the German Empire in 1917 during World War I. He was the longest-lived Brazilian president, reaching 98 years of age.
wn.com/Venceslau_Brás -
Vladimir Herzog
Vladimir Herzog (27 June 1937 – 25 October 1975) nicknamed Vlado, was a Brazilian journalist, university professor and playwright of Yugoslavian origin. He also developed a taste for photography, because of his film projects. Although his birth name was Vladimir, he adopted the pseudonym of "Vlado", since his real name was very unusual in Brazil.
In October 1975, Herzog, then editor in chief of TV Cultura, was tortured to death by the political police of the military dictatorship, which later forged his suicide.[citation needed] His death had a great impact on the Brazilian society, marking the beginning of the redemocratization process of the country. According to journalist Sérgio Gomes, Herzog is a "symbol of the struggle for democracy, freedom, and justice".
Herzog was born in Osijek, Kingdom of Yugoslavia province of Sava Banovina (currently Croatia) on 27 June 1937, to Zigmund and Zora Herzog, a Croatian Jewish family who emigrated to Brazil in the early 1940s, to escape Nazi persecution.
wn.com/Vladimir_Herzog -
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин; IPA: [vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ( listen); born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician who has been the President of Russia since 7 May 2012. Putin previously served as President from 2000 to 2008 and as Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000, and again from 2008 to 2012. Putin also serves as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move. Putin won the 2000 presidential election; in 2004 he was re-elected for a second term lasting until 7 May 2008.
Because of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term. After his successor Dmitry Medvedev won the 2008 presidential election, Putin was nominated by Medvedev to be Russia's Prime Minister; Putin took office on 8 May 2008 and a period of so-called "tandemocracy" followed. In September 2011, Putin and Medvedev agreed he should seek a third, non-consecutive term in the 2012 presidential election, which he won in the first round on 4 March 2012.
wn.com/Vladimir_Putin -
Washington Luís
Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈwɔʃintõ luˈis peˈrejrɐ dʒi ˈsowzɐ]; 26 October 1869 – 4 August 1957) was a Brazilian politician. His family was of Portuguese Romani descent. He was born in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, and moved to São Paulo, where he became a lawyer. Elected governor of São Paulo state in 1920 and president of Brazil in 1926, Washington Luís was the last president of the Brazilian First Republic (see also café com leite, coronelismo). Facing the 1929 crisis, the president lost almost all his support. He selected his friend Júlio Prestes as his successor in 1930, but just 3 weeks before the end of his term, Luís was overthrown by a coup d'etat (1930 Revolution) and was succeeded by a military junta.
wn.com/Washington_Luís -
Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata -
Yoshihiko Noda
Yoshihiko Noda (野田 佳彦, Noda Yoshihiko?, born 20 May 1957) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, a member of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), and a member of the House of Representatives (lower house) in the Diet (national legislature). He was named to succeed outgoing Prime Minister Naoto Kan as a result of a runoff vote against Banri Kaieda in his party, and was formally appointed by the Emperor on 2 September 2011.
Noda was born in Funabashi, Chiba, as a son of a member of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Unlike many prominent Japanese politicians, Noda has no family connections to Nagatachō. His parents were too poor to pay for a wedding reception.
Noda graduated from Chiba Prefectural Funabashi Senior High School in 1975. Then, Noda graduated from Waseda University School of Political Sciences and Economics in 1980 and was later accepted into the prestigious Matsushita Institute, an institution founded by Panasonic founder Konosuke Matsushita that grooms future civic leaders of Japan. While attending the Matsushita Institute, Noda read household gas meters as a part-time job in his native Chiba Prefecture, partially in order to get to know his future constituents better in preparation for a run for office. He was elected to the assembly of Chiba Prefecture for the first time in 1987 at the age of 29.
wn.com/Yoshihiko_Noda -
Yves Cochet
Yves Cochet is a French politician, member of Europe Écologie–The Greens. He was minister in the government of Lionel Jospin. On December 6 2011, he was elected member of the European Parliament.
He wrote Apocalypse pétrole which was published in 2005.
wn.com/Yves_Cochet -
Zuzu Angel
Zuleika Angel Jones, better known as Zuzu Angel (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son Stuart. Zuzu was also mother of journalist Hildegard Angel.
As a child, Zuzu moved to Belo Horizonte, later living in Bahia. Bahian culture and colors significantly influenced the style of Zuzu's creations. In 1947, she went to live in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's cultural capital.
In the 1950s, Zuzu began her work as a seamstress, usually making clothing for close relatives. At the start of the 1970s, she opened up a store in Ipanema, at the same time beginning to exhibit her clothes on American runways. In her fashion expositions, she always harnessed the joy and richness of the colors of Brazilian culture, making a name for herself in the fashion world of her time.
In the 1970s, her son Stuart, an activist against the military regime, was taken prisoner and killed by agents of the DOI-CODI. From then on, Zuzu would enter into a private war against the dictatorship for the recovery of her son's body, involving the Embassy of the United States, the native country of her former husband and Stuart's father. The battle ended with Zuzu's death in 1976 in a car crash. Stuart's body was never found. His mother's death was investigated by the Comissão de Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos ("commission on political missing and presumed dead"), under process number 237/96, and the Brazilian government later admitted that the State was involved in her death.
wn.com/Zuzu_Angel -
Zélia Duncan
Zélia Duncan (28 October 1964), born Zélia Cristina Gonçalves Moreira, is a Brazilian singer and composer.
Zélia was born in Niterói, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. She moved with her family to Brasília, where she lived for 16 years. She started her professional career in 1981 after she won a contest organized by the Fundação Nacional de Artes (National Foundation of Arts). When she was 22 years old, she returned to Rio. Using the name "Zélia Cristina", she first performed as a soloist in Botanic in Rio de Janeiro. In 1990 she launched the LP "Outra Luz" ("Another Light"), and she began performing in cities like São Paulo, Florianópolis, and Porto Alegre and participating in tv shows.
In late 1991, she accepted an offer to go play in the United Arab Emirates. She stayed there for 5 months, returning to Brazil in May 1992. It was in this year that she recorded a track in the songbook of Dorival Caymmi, and she also adopted the name Duncan, the maiden name of her mother. In 1994, she launched her first CD, Zélia Duncan, and two years later she recorded Intimidade (Intimacy), which made her spend a season in Europe and Japan.
wn.com/Zélia_Duncan -
Álvaro Colom
Álvaro Colom Caballeros (born 15 June 1951) is a Guatemalan politician who was the President of Guatemala from 2008 to 2012, as well as leader of the social-democratic National Unity of Hope (UNE).
Colom was born in Guatemala City, the son of Antonio Colom Argueta and Yolanda Caballeros Ferraté, being the fourth of five siblings. His uncle, Manuel Colom, was a mayor of Guatemala City who was killed by the military in 1979 just after the creation of his political party was approved. He is also the father of Antonio Colom Szarata, the bass player of a Guatemalan pop rock band, Viento en Contra. He and his third wife, Sandra Torres, divorced in 2011. After gaining a degree as an industrial engineer at the University of San Carlos (USAC) he became a businessman involved in a variety of businesses, and a government civil servant, including being the founding General Director of the Fondo Nacional para la Paz and Vice Minister of the Economy before turning to politics. Representing the UNE (Unidad Nacional de la Esperanza) in the 2003 presidential elections, he lost to Óscar Berger on December 28, 2003--the closest a left-leaning candidate had come to winning the presidency since democracy was restored in 1985.
wn.com/Álvaro_Colom
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Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma 7 de Setembro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:39
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro
http://wn.com/Pronunciamento_da_presidenta_Dilma_7_de_Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff: From Guerrilla Fighter to "the Most Powerful Woman in the World"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:34
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female president. On Saturday, Dilma Rousseff received the presidential sash from outgoing President Lula da Silva at a ceremony in the capital Brasília. In the 1960s, Rousseff was a guerrilla resisting Brazil's military dictatorship. She was imprisoned and tortured for three years. Democracy Now! interviewed Greg Grandin, professor of Latin American history at New York University, and author of "Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." His most recent book, "Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City," was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. For thevideo/audio podcast, transcript, to sign up for the daily news digest, and for today's entire show, visit www.democracynow.org. Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
http://wn.com/Brazilian_President_Dilma_Rousseff_From_Guerrilla_Fighter_to_the_Most_Powerful_Woman_in_the_World
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female president. On Saturday, Dilma Rousseff received the presidential sash from outgoing President Lula da Silva at a ceremony in the capital Brasília. In the 1960s, Rousseff was a guerrilla resisting Brazil's military dictatorship. She was imprisoned and tortured for three years. Democracy Now! interviewed Greg Grandin, professor of Latin American history at New York University, and author of "Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." His most recent book, "Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City," was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. For thevideo/audio podcast, transcript, to sign up for the daily news digest, and for today's entire show, visit www.democracynow.org. Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 03 Jan 2011
- views: 41511
- author: mediagrrl9
A PRESIDENTA DILMA ROUSSEFF LANÇA INVESTIMENTOS PARA ASSENTAMENTOS.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/A_PRESIDENTA_DILMA_ROUSSEFF_LANÇA_INVESTIMENTOS_PARA_ASSENTAMENTOS
Beto Richa e Dilma Rousseff inauguram Agroindústria de Leite em Arapongas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:09
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Discurso do governador Beto Richa em Arapongas. O governador Beto Richa ea presidente Dilma Rousseff inauguraram ontem (04/02) um projeto pioneiro de agroindustrialização em assentamentos. A iniciativa está em Arapongas, região Norte do Paraná, no assentamento Docelina Folador. A Agroindústria de Leite da Cooperativa de Comercialização e Reforma Agrária União Camponesa (Copran) vai beneficiar mais de duas mil famílias de assentados e terá capacidade para produzir até 90 mil litros de leite por dia. O empreendimento recebeu R$ 8 milhões do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) e R$ 3,1 milhões do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Incra). O Governo Paraná deu suporte para o projeto com a construção de 15 casas rurais, assistência técnica para a industrialização, rede elétrica, adequação de estradas, entre outros serviços. "Uma iniciativa pioneira que certamente vai motivar organizações de assentamentos a se tornarem cooperativas através da agroindustrialização. Somos parceiros de iniciativas como essa. Nos últimos dois anos, temos apoiado decisivamente os movimentos sociais ea agricultura familiar. São dois anos de paz no campo, de diálogo permanente, sem uma única invasão ou despejo no Estado, afirmou o governador. "Estamos diante de uma das melhores práticas agrícolas de pecuária. O Brasil todo pode ver na Copran um projeto de primeira, que saiu do papel e virou realidade pelo esforço de homens e mulheres aqui do Paraná", declarou ...
http://wn.com/Beto_Richa_e_Dilma_Rousseff_inauguram_Agroindústria_de_Leite_em_Arapongas
Discurso do governador Beto Richa em Arapongas. O governador Beto Richa ea presidente Dilma Rousseff inauguraram ontem (04/02) um projeto pioneiro de agroindustrialização em assentamentos. A iniciativa está em Arapongas, região Norte do Paraná, no assentamento Docelina Folador. A Agroindústria de Leite da Cooperativa de Comercialização e Reforma Agrária União Camponesa (Copran) vai beneficiar mais de duas mil famílias de assentados e terá capacidade para produzir até 90 mil litros de leite por dia. O empreendimento recebeu R$ 8 milhões do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) e R$ 3,1 milhões do Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (Incra). O Governo Paraná deu suporte para o projeto com a construção de 15 casas rurais, assistência técnica para a industrialização, rede elétrica, adequação de estradas, entre outros serviços. "Uma iniciativa pioneira que certamente vai motivar organizações de assentamentos a se tornarem cooperativas através da agroindustrialização. Somos parceiros de iniciativas como essa. Nos últimos dois anos, temos apoiado decisivamente os movimentos sociais ea agricultura familiar. São dois anos de paz no campo, de diálogo permanente, sem uma única invasão ou despejo no Estado, afirmou o governador. "Estamos diante de uma das melhores práticas agrícolas de pecuária. O Brasil todo pode ver na Copran um projeto de primeira, que saiu do papel e virou realidade pelo esforço de homens e mulheres aqui do Paraná", declarou ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 133
- author: Beto Richa
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:45
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós somos obrigados a fazer ou não, algo, então não temos mérito nenhum. É por isto que Jesus diz, que se somos obrigados, a fazer algo, MESMO bom, façamos, mais uma fez, MAS DESTA VEZ por nossa INICIATIVA E conta, pois a primeira não fomos nós que fizemos, mas foi quem nos obrigou! Não é o que acontece, com o VOTO OBRIGATÓRIO, POIS NÃO PODEMOS VOTAR DUAS VEZES! AGORA, PARA EVITARMOS, VOTAR, EM INTERESSES ESCUSOS, ou NO PESSOAL DE fraternidade machista, QUE SOMENTE BUSCAM INTERESSES DA FRATERNIDADE SECRETA, que se ouve falar, desta e tal conspiração! ENTÃO, SOMENTE VAMOS COLOCAR NO PODER, SOMENTE MULHERES, QUE NÃO SÃO ACEITAS NESTAS TAIS FRATERNIDADES, que se conseguissem seus intentos egoístas, seriam castigados, pois se alguém de alguma seita secreta feitas somente DE "machos", e tem uma tal intenção maligna, mesmo MERECENDO QUE fiquem sozinhos num inferno, sem escravos, para trabalhar para eles, pois se são e amam as trevas, se é que existe os da Luz! Chorariam amargamente, ouvindo "Luzes da Ribalta", e lamentar, a Perdida Ilusão.. pelas Luzes de vidas apagadas... que soaria para "eles" como musica fúnebre! MESMO ASSIM NÃO VALERIA A PENA MORRER DESTA MANEIRA! POIS, ONDE ESTARIA O REINO DE AMOR? Mas, Graças ao nosso Deus Altíssimo, Nós temos acima de tudo, Jesus o Cristo que com o sopro de sua boca, destruirá, as obras das trevas, que quer a tudo dominar, até A TAL "Política" da ...
http://wn.com/Hebe_e_Dilma_Rousseff_HD
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós somos obrigados a fazer ou não, algo, então não temos mérito nenhum. É por isto que Jesus diz, que se somos obrigados, a fazer algo, MESMO bom, façamos, mais uma fez, MAS DESTA VEZ por nossa INICIATIVA E conta, pois a primeira não fomos nós que fizemos, mas foi quem nos obrigou! Não é o que acontece, com o VOTO OBRIGATÓRIO, POIS NÃO PODEMOS VOTAR DUAS VEZES! AGORA, PARA EVITARMOS, VOTAR, EM INTERESSES ESCUSOS, ou NO PESSOAL DE fraternidade machista, QUE SOMENTE BUSCAM INTERESSES DA FRATERNIDADE SECRETA, que se ouve falar, desta e tal conspiração! ENTÃO, SOMENTE VAMOS COLOCAR NO PODER, SOMENTE MULHERES, QUE NÃO SÃO ACEITAS NESTAS TAIS FRATERNIDADES, que se conseguissem seus intentos egoístas, seriam castigados, pois se alguém de alguma seita secreta feitas somente DE "machos", e tem uma tal intenção maligna, mesmo MERECENDO QUE fiquem sozinhos num inferno, sem escravos, para trabalhar para eles, pois se são e amam as trevas, se é que existe os da Luz! Chorariam amargamente, ouvindo "Luzes da Ribalta", e lamentar, a Perdida Ilusão.. pelas Luzes de vidas apagadas... que soaria para "eles" como musica fúnebre! MESMO ASSIM NÃO VALERIA A PENA MORRER DESTA MANEIRA! POIS, ONDE ESTARIA O REINO DE AMOR? Mas, Graças ao nosso Deus Altíssimo, Nós temos acima de tudo, Jesus o Cristo que com o sopro de sua boca, destruirá, as obras das trevas, que quer a tudo dominar, até A TAL "Política" da ...
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 1776
- author: dozeh2005
President Obama's Bilateral Meeting with President Rousseff of Brazil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:56
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.
http://wn.com/President_Obama's_Bilateral_Meeting_with_President_Rousseff_of_Brazil
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 22514
- author: whitehouse
Dilma anuncia redução maior na conta de luz e descarta qualquer possibilidade de racionamento
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
PRONUNCIAMENTOS - 23.01.13: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff afirmou na noite desta quarta-feira (23), em pronunciamento à nação, que, a partir desta quinta-feira (24), passará a vigorar a redução de 18% na tarifa de energia para os consumidores residenciais. Para o comércio ea indústria, a diminuição será de até 32%. O corte é ainda maior do que o anunciado pela presidenta em setembro de 2012: 16,2% para residências e até 28% para a indústria. Dilma também disse que o Brasil tem energia suficiente para o presente e para o futuro, "sem nenhum risco de racionamento ou qualquer tipo de estrangulamento, no curto, médio ou no longo prazo".
http://wn.com/Dilma_anuncia_redução_maior_na_conta_de_luz_e_descarta_qualquer_possibilidade_de_racionamento
PRONUNCIAMENTOS - 23.01.13: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff afirmou na noite desta quarta-feira (23), em pronunciamento à nação, que, a partir desta quinta-feira (24), passará a vigorar a redução de 18% na tarifa de energia para os consumidores residenciais. Para o comércio ea indústria, a diminuição será de até 32%. O corte é ainda maior do que o anunciado pela presidenta em setembro de 2012: 16,2% para residências e até 28% para a indústria. Dilma também disse que o Brasil tem energia suficiente para o presente e para o futuro, "sem nenhum risco de racionamento ou qualquer tipo de estrangulamento, no curto, médio ou no longo prazo".
- published: 23 Jan 2013
- views: 4823
- author: TVNBR
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff durante almoço oferecido pelo rei Juan Carlos I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:58
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na Espanha, de uma recepção oferecida pelo rei Juan Carlos I ea rainha Sofia. Durante a visita ao Palácio Real, as autoridades brasileiras e espanholas conversaram sobre o aprofundamento do diálogo político entre os dois países e parcerias nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, educação e defesa. Durante o almoço, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff fez um pronunciamento e um brinde.
http://wn.com/Discurso_da_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_durante_almoço_oferecido_pelo_rei_Juan_Carlos_I
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na Espanha, de uma recepção oferecida pelo rei Juan Carlos I ea rainha Sofia. Durante a visita ao Palácio Real, as autoridades brasileiras e espanholas conversaram sobre o aprofundamento do diálogo político entre os dois países e parcerias nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, educação e defesa. Durante o almoço, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff fez um pronunciamento e um brinde.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 1608
- author: TVNBR
67ª AGNU - Discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral da 67ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Transcrição do discurso: www2.planalto.gov.br Vídeo obtido em www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/67ª_AGNU_Discurso_da_Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral da 67ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Transcrição do discurso: www2.planalto.gov.br Vídeo obtido em www.youtube.com
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 2143
- author: MREBRASIL
Dilma Rousseff volta a pedir urgência na reformulação do Conselho de Segurança da ONU
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 25.09.12: Durante a abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, em Nova Iorque, nos Estados Unidos, Dilma Rousseff falou sobre a crise financeira internacional, sobre os conflitos recentes no Oriente Médio, entre outros temas. Novamente, a presidenta pediu uma reforma "urgente" no Conselho de Segurança da ONU. Dilma também destacou a importância dos países membros na busca pelo desenvolvimento de forma sustentável.
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_volta_a_pedir_urgência_na_reformulação_do_Conselho_de_Segurança_da_ONU
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 25.09.12: Durante a abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, em Nova Iorque, nos Estados Unidos, Dilma Rousseff falou sobre a crise financeira internacional, sobre os conflitos recentes no Oriente Médio, entre outros temas. Novamente, a presidenta pediu uma reforma "urgente" no Conselho de Segurança da ONU. Dilma também destacou a importância dos países membros na busca pelo desenvolvimento de forma sustentável.
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 1863
- author: TVNBR
Dilma Rousseff é responsável pelo chute inaugural do Estádio Castelão, em Fortaleza
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:26
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do ministro do Esporte, Aldo Rebelo, Dilma Rousseff cortou a fita de inauguração oficial do novo Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo Branco, em Fortaleza. Após o corte, a presidenta tirou uma foto com os trabalhadores responsáveis pelas obras do Castelão. Dilma também deu o tradicional pontapé inicial no gramado da arena, com capacidade para receber 60 mil pessoas. O estádio é o primeiro a ficar pronto para os jogos da Copa das Confederações, em 2013, e do Mundo, em 2014.
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_é_responsável_pelo_chute_inaugural_do_Estádio_Castelão,_em_Fortaleza
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do ministro do Esporte, Aldo Rebelo, Dilma Rousseff cortou a fita de inauguração oficial do novo Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo Branco, em Fortaleza. Após o corte, a presidenta tirou uma foto com os trabalhadores responsáveis pelas obras do Castelão. Dilma também deu o tradicional pontapé inicial no gramado da arena, com capacidade para receber 60 mil pessoas. O estádio é o primeiro a ficar pronto para os jogos da Copa das Confederações, em 2013, e do Mundo, em 2014.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 5364
- author: TVNBR
A Public Address by President of Brazil Dilma Rousseff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:56
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
ENGLISH TRANSLATION COMING SOON In front of an enthusiastic capacity Forum crowd, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff offered a vision of growing global importance and economic vitality for her country. She spoke of Brazil's growing middle class, increasing prosperity, decreasing social inequality, and emphasized the continuing need to improve both the access and quality of education for Brazilians to increase competitiveness. She concluded this memorable Forum by reiterating that "Brazil needs Harvard as much as Harvard needs Brazil. Harvard Kennedy School Dean David Ellwood moderated the Forum and Merilee Grindle, Director of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, provided the President's introduction.
http://wn.com/A_Public_Address_by_President_of_Brazil_Dilma_Rousseff
ENGLISH TRANSLATION COMING SOON In front of an enthusiastic capacity Forum crowd, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff offered a vision of growing global importance and economic vitality for her country. She spoke of Brazil's growing middle class, increasing prosperity, decreasing social inequality, and emphasized the continuing need to improve both the access and quality of education for Brazilians to increase competitiveness. She concluded this memorable Forum by reiterating that "Brazil needs Harvard as much as Harvard needs Brazil. Harvard Kennedy School Dean David Ellwood moderated the Forum and Merilee Grindle, Director of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, provided the President's introduction.
- published: 11 Apr 2012
- views: 7148
- author: JFKJrForum
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff entrega Prêmio Jovem Cientista 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 70:38
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 18.12.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff entregou nesta terça-feira (18) o Prêmio Jovem Cientista. Na edição de 2012 o tema foi: Inovação Tecnológica nos Esportes. O prêmio, criado em 1981, tem cinco categorias: Estudante do Ensino Médio, Estudante do Ensino Superior, Graduado, Mérito Institucional e Menção Honrosa. A ideia da premiação é estimular novos talentos na ciência, investindo em estudantes e pesquisadores que buscam soluções para os desafios da realidade brasileira. Em seu discurso, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff afirmou que o país continuará investindo para estimular o desenvolvimento da ciência e tecnologia, e citou iniciativas como o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec); a expansão do acesso ao ensino superior, com o crescimento da rede federal de universidades, do Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni) e do Programa de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies); eo Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras, que oferece a oportunidade de estudo nas melhores universidades do mundo.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_entrega_Prêmio_Jovem_Cientista_2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 18.12.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff entregou nesta terça-feira (18) o Prêmio Jovem Cientista. Na edição de 2012 o tema foi: Inovação Tecnológica nos Esportes. O prêmio, criado em 1981, tem cinco categorias: Estudante do Ensino Médio, Estudante do Ensino Superior, Graduado, Mérito Institucional e Menção Honrosa. A ideia da premiação é estimular novos talentos na ciência, investindo em estudantes e pesquisadores que buscam soluções para os desafios da realidade brasileira. Em seu discurso, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff afirmou que o país continuará investindo para estimular o desenvolvimento da ciência e tecnologia, e citou iniciativas como o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec); a expansão do acesso ao ensino superior, com o crescimento da rede federal de universidades, do Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni) e do Programa de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies); eo Programa Ciência Sem Fronteiras, que oferece a oportunidade de estudo nas melhores universidades do mundo.
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 2216
- author: TVNBR
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff na abertura da Assembleia-Geral da ONU
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:54
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a primeira mulher a abrir o Debate Geral da 66ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU, em Nova York.
http://wn.com/Discurso_da_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_na_abertura_da_Assembleia-Geral_da_ONU
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a primeira mulher a abrir o Debate Geral da 66ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU, em Nova York.
- published: 21 Sep 2011
- views: 83083
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Na França, presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa do Fórum pelo Progresso Social
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:03
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou do "Fórum pelo Progresso Social: o crescimento como saída para crise". O evento foi aberto, também, pelo presidente francês, François Hollande. O fórum foi organizado pelo Instituto Lula e pela Fundação Jean Jaurés.
http://wn.com/Na_França,_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_participa_do_Fórum_pelo_Progresso_Social
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou do "Fórum pelo Progresso Social: o crescimento como saída para crise". O evento foi aberto, também, pelo presidente francês, François Hollande. O fórum foi organizado pelo Instituto Lula e pela Fundação Jean Jaurés.
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 667
- author: TVNBR
Dilma participa de Conferência dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência - Parte1/3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:23
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 04.12.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa, nesta terça-feira (4), da 3ª Conferência Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, realizada em Brasília, até a próxima quinta-feira (6). A Conferência tem como tema: "Um olhar através da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, da ONU: novas perspectivas e desafios". A ideia é discutir o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas efetivas para os brasileiros com deficiência.
http://wn.com/Dilma_participa_de_Conferência_dos_Direitos_da_Pessoa_com_Deficiência_Parte1_3
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 04.12.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa, nesta terça-feira (4), da 3ª Conferência Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, realizada em Brasília, até a próxima quinta-feira (6). A Conferência tem como tema: "Um olhar através da Convenção sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência, da ONU: novas perspectivas e desafios". A ideia é discutir o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas efetivas para os brasileiros com deficiência.
- published: 04 Dec 2012
- views: 586
- author: TVNBR
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa da cerimônia de reinauguração do Mineirão
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 59:37
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: Nesta sexta-feira (21), foi reinaugurado, em Belo Horizonte (MG), o estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto, mais conhecido como Mineirão. Foram dois anos e meio de reformas com investimentos de R$ 695 milhões. A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou da reinauguração. O Mineirão é o segundo estádio entregue para a Copa do Mundo 2014.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_participa_da_cerimônia_de_reinauguração_do_Mineirão
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: Nesta sexta-feira (21), foi reinaugurado, em Belo Horizonte (MG), o estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto, mais conhecido como Mineirão. Foram dois anos e meio de reformas com investimentos de R$ 695 milhões. A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou da reinauguração. O Mineirão é o segundo estádio entregue para a Copa do Mundo 2014.
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 1747
- author: TVNBR
Dilma se emociona ao falar de tragédia em Santa Maria e diz que governo dará todo apoio
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 27.01.13: Dilma Rousseff participou, neste sábado (26), da da 1ª Cúpula da Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos (Celac) - União Europeia, em Santiago, no Chile. Neste domingo (27), antes de embarcar para o Brasil, a presidenta falou sobre a tragédia ocorrida em uma boate em Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. Dilma disse que todos os ministros foram convocados a dar apoio e promover uma mobilização na área de saúde, defesa civil, entre outros.
http://wn.com/Dilma_se_emociona_ao_falar_de_tragédia_em_Santa_Maria_e_diz_que_governo_dará_todo_apoio
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 27.01.13: Dilma Rousseff participou, neste sábado (26), da da 1ª Cúpula da Comunidade de Estados Latino-Americanos e Caribenhos (Celac) - União Europeia, em Santiago, no Chile. Neste domingo (27), antes de embarcar para o Brasil, a presidenta falou sobre a tragédia ocorrida em uma boate em Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. Dilma disse que todos os ministros foram convocados a dar apoio e promover uma mobilização na área de saúde, defesa civil, entre outros.
- published: 27 Jan 2013
- views: 6830
- author: TVNBR
Dilma Rousseff recebe o presidente da Irlanda, Michael Higgins
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:14
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 09.10.12: Dilma Rousseff recebeu nesta terça-feira (9) o presidente da Irlanda, Michael Higgins, no Palácio do Planalto. Uma comitiva de autoridades e empresários irlandeses fica no país até quinta-feira (11) para fomentar relações comerciais e acordos institucionais. Além do presidente irlandês, estão no Brasil o ministro de Comércio e Desenvolvimento, Joe Costello, e 39 empresas de diversos setores trazidas pelo órgão irlandês de promoção de exportações, a Enterprise Ireland.
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_recebe_o_presidente_da_Irlanda,_Michael_Higgins
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 09.10.12: Dilma Rousseff recebeu nesta terça-feira (9) o presidente da Irlanda, Michael Higgins, no Palácio do Planalto. Uma comitiva de autoridades e empresários irlandeses fica no país até quinta-feira (11) para fomentar relações comerciais e acordos institucionais. Além do presidente irlandês, estão no Brasil o ministro de Comércio e Desenvolvimento, Joe Costello, e 39 empresas de diversos setores trazidas pelo órgão irlandês de promoção de exportações, a Enterprise Ireland.
- published: 09 Oct 2012
- views: 495
- author: TVNBR
Dilma Rousseff visita familiares das vítimas de acidente em boate no Rio Grande do Sul
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 27.01.13: Dilma Rousseff está em Santa Maria (RS) para prestar solidariedade aos familiares das vítimas da tragédia ocorrida na madrugada deste domingo (27) em uma boate da cidade. Ao lado do ministro da Saúde, Alexandre Padilha, a presidenta foi até o Centro Desportivo Municipal, onde está ocorrendo o reconhecimento dos corpos, e conversou com familiares das vítimas. Dilma também esteve no Hospital de Caridade de Santa Maria, visitando pessoas feridas no incêndio. Prioridade do governo federal é trabalhar de maneira coordenada para aliviar a dor dos envolvidos no acidente.
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_visita_familiares_das_vítimas_de_acidente_em_boate_no_Rio_Grande_do_Sul
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 27.01.13: Dilma Rousseff está em Santa Maria (RS) para prestar solidariedade aos familiares das vítimas da tragédia ocorrida na madrugada deste domingo (27) em uma boate da cidade. Ao lado do ministro da Saúde, Alexandre Padilha, a presidenta foi até o Centro Desportivo Municipal, onde está ocorrendo o reconhecimento dos corpos, e conversou com familiares das vítimas. Dilma também esteve no Hospital de Caridade de Santa Maria, visitando pessoas feridas no incêndio. Prioridade do governo federal é trabalhar de maneira coordenada para aliviar a dor dos envolvidos no acidente.
- published: 27 Jan 2013
- views: 8343
- author: TVNBR
Dilma fez o povo de otário em pleno 7 de setembro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Leia nosso editorial em www.implicante.org Sobre o anúncio do dia 11 de setembro www.implicante.org Abaixo a informação do portal G1 g1.globo.com
http://wn.com/Dilma_fez_o_povo_de_otário_em_pleno_7_de_setembro
Leia nosso editorial em www.implicante.org Sobre o anúncio do dia 11 de setembro www.implicante.org Abaixo a informação do portal G1 g1.globo.com
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 1492497
- author: implicanteTV
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff conhece projeto de Visualização Avançada em Londres 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avançada e assistiu a trechos do filme EstereoEnsaios durante a abertura da exposição Brazil at Heart na Embaixada Brasileira em Londres. A exibição é parte da organização de eventos relacionados às Olimpíadas de 2012.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_conhece_projeto_de_Visualização_Avançada_em_Londres_2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avançada e assistiu a trechos do filme EstereoEnsaios durante a abertura da exposição Brazil at Heart na Embaixada Brasileira em Londres. A exibição é parte da organização de eventos relacionados às Olimpíadas de 2012.
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 5760
- author: ciceroinaciodasilva
Em discurso na ONU, Dilma defende pacto pelo crescimento internacional
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:53
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 25.09.12: Dilma Rousseff realizou o discurso de abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Tradicionalmente, o chefe de estado do Brasil abre a reunião pois o país foi o primeiro a aderir à ONU em 1945. No discurso, Dilma defendeu o reequilíbrio econômico no cenário internacional, além de propor um pacto entre os países da ONU pelo crescimento internacional. Em outro momento, a presidenta repudiu recentes atos de terrorismo que ocorreram nos países do Oriente Médio. Assista o discurso na íntegra.
http://wn.com/Em_discurso_na_ONU,_Dilma_defende_pacto_pelo_crescimento_internacional
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 25.09.12: Dilma Rousseff realizou o discurso de abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Tradicionalmente, o chefe de estado do Brasil abre a reunião pois o país foi o primeiro a aderir à ONU em 1945. No discurso, Dilma defendeu o reequilíbrio econômico no cenário internacional, além de propor um pacto entre os países da ONU pelo crescimento internacional. Em outro momento, a presidenta repudiu recentes atos de terrorismo que ocorreram nos países do Oriente Médio. Assista o discurso na íntegra.
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 9222
- author: TVNBR
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Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff: From Guerrilla Fighter to "the Most Powerful Woman in the World"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:34
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female president. On Saturday, Dilma Rousseff received the presidential sash from outgoing President Lula da Silva at a ceremony in the capital Brasília. In the 1960s, Rousseff was a guerrilla resisting Brazil's military dictatorship. She was imprisoned and tortured for three years. Democracy Now! interviewed Greg Grandin, professor of Latin American history at New York University, and author of "Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." His most recent book, "Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City," was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. For thevideo/audio podcast, transcript, to sign up for the daily news digest, and for today's entire show, visit www.democracynow.org. Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
http://wn.com/Brazilian_President_Dilma_Rousseff_From_Guerrilla_Fighter_to_the_Most_Powerful_Woman_in_the_World
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female president. On Saturday, Dilma Rousseff received the presidential sash from outgoing President Lula da Silva at a ceremony in the capital Brasília. In the 1960s, Rousseff was a guerrilla resisting Brazil's military dictatorship. She was imprisoned and tortured for three years. Democracy Now! interviewed Greg Grandin, professor of Latin American history at New York University, and author of "Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." His most recent book, "Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City," was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. For thevideo/audio podcast, transcript, to sign up for the daily news digest, and for today's entire show, visit www.democracynow.org. Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 03 Jan 2011
- views: 40720
- author: mediagrrl9
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma 7 de Setembro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:39
- Updated: 30 Sep 2012
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro
http://wn.com/Pronunciamento_da_presidenta_Dilma_7_de_Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 44561
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
President Obama's Bilateral Meeting with President Rousseff of Brazil
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:56
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.
http://wn.com/President_Obama's_Bilateral_Meeting_with_President_Rousseff_of_Brazil
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 21657
- author: whitehouse
Digital Age-How Did Brazil Get Connected?-Julia Sweig
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:47
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Brazil, long disparaged as the "country of the future," has become the world's seventh largest economy with an astonishing growth rate of 7.5%; its first female President, Dilma Rousseff, is talking turkey with Obama and Hu Jintao; and its free press and social media have turned it into a vibrant democracy. Latin America expert Julia Sweig tells Jim Zirin what happened to revitalize Brazil...and why.
http://wn.com/Digital_Age-How_Did_Brazil_Get_Connected?-Julia_Sweig
Brazil, long disparaged as the "country of the future," has become the world's seventh largest economy with an astonishing growth rate of 7.5%; its first female President, Dilma Rousseff, is talking turkey with Obama and Hu Jintao; and its free press and social media have turned it into a vibrant democracy. Latin America expert Julia Sweig tells Jim Zirin what happened to revitalize Brazil...and why.
- published: 05 May 2011
- views: 1983
- author: jzirin1
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff durante almoço oferecido pelo rei Juan Carlos I
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:58
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na Espanha, de uma recepção oferecida pelo rei Juan Carlos I ea rainha Sofia. Durante a visita ao Palácio Real, as autoridades brasileiras e espanholas conversaram sobre o aprofundamento do diálogo político entre os dois países e parcerias nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, educação e defesa. Durante o almoço, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff fez um pronunciamento e um brinde.
http://wn.com/Discurso_da_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_durante_almoço_oferecido_pelo_rei_Juan_Carlos_I
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na Espanha, de uma recepção oferecida pelo rei Juan Carlos I ea rainha Sofia. Durante a visita ao Palácio Real, as autoridades brasileiras e espanholas conversaram sobre o aprofundamento do diálogo político entre os dois países e parcerias nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, educação e defesa. Durante o almoço, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff fez um pronunciamento e um brinde.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 1362
- author: TVNBR
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff na abertura da Assembleia-Geral da ONU
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:54
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a primeira mulher a abrir o Debate Geral da 66ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU, em Nova York.
http://wn.com/Discurso_da_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_na_abertura_da_Assembleia-Geral_da_ONU
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a primeira mulher a abrir o Debate Geral da 66ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU, em Nova York.
- published: 21 Sep 2011
- views: 82500
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
67ª AGNU - Discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral da 67ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Transcrição do discurso: www2.planalto.gov.br Vídeo obtido em www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/67ª_AGNU_Discurso_da_Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral da 67ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Transcrição do discurso: www2.planalto.gov.br Vídeo obtido em www.youtube.com
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 2040
- author: MREBRASIL
Em Belo Horizonte, presidenta Dilma Rousseff visita instalações internas do novo Mineirão
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:38
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: O estádio Mineirão foi reinaugurado nesta sexta-feira (21). Antes da cerimônia, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff visitou as instalações do estádio e se encontrou com jogadores que fazem parte da história do Mineirão.
http://wn.com/Em_Belo_Horizonte,_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_visita_instalações_internas_do_novo_Mineirão
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: O estádio Mineirão foi reinaugurado nesta sexta-feira (21). Antes da cerimônia, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff visitou as instalações do estádio e se encontrou com jogadores que fazem parte da história do Mineirão.
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2499
- author: TVNBR
Dilma Rousseff é responsável pelo chute inaugural do Estádio Castelão, em Fortaleza
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:26
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do ministro do Esporte, Aldo Rebelo, Dilma Rousseff cortou a fita de inauguração oficial do novo Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo Branco, em Fortaleza. Após o corte, a presidenta tirou uma foto com os trabalhadores responsáveis pelas obras do Castelão. Dilma também deu o tradicional pontapé inicial no gramado da arena, com capacidade para receber 60 mil pessoas. O estádio é o primeiro a ficar pronto para os jogos da Copa das Confederações, em 2013, e do Mundo, em 2014.
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_é_responsável_pelo_chute_inaugural_do_Estádio_Castelão,_em_Fortaleza
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do ministro do Esporte, Aldo Rebelo, Dilma Rousseff cortou a fita de inauguração oficial do novo Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo Branco, em Fortaleza. Após o corte, a presidenta tirou uma foto com os trabalhadores responsáveis pelas obras do Castelão. Dilma também deu o tradicional pontapé inicial no gramado da arena, com capacidade para receber 60 mil pessoas. O estádio é o primeiro a ficar pronto para os jogos da Copa das Confederações, em 2013, e do Mundo, em 2014.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 4376
- author: TVNBR
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff - pronunciamento 7 de Setembro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:49
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff pelo dia 7 de setembro. Setembro de 2012.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_pronunciamento_7_de_Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff pelo dia 7 de setembro. Setembro de 2012.
- published: 06 Sep 2011
- views: 21423
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Na França, presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa do Fórum pelo Progresso Social
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:03
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou do "Fórum pelo Progresso Social: o crescimento como saída para crise". O evento foi aberto, também, pelo presidente francês, François Hollande. O fórum foi organizado pelo Instituto Lula e pela Fundação Jean Jaurés.
http://wn.com/Na_França,_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_participa_do_Fórum_pelo_Progresso_Social
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou do "Fórum pelo Progresso Social: o crescimento como saída para crise". O evento foi aberto, também, pelo presidente francês, François Hollande. O fórum foi organizado pelo Instituto Lula e pela Fundação Jean Jaurés.
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 639
- author: TVNBR
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:45
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós somos obrigados a fazer ou não, algo, então não temos mérito nenhum. É por isto que Jesus diz, que se somos obrigados, a fazer algo, MESMO bom, façamos, mais uma fez, MAS DESTA VEZ por nossa INICIATIVA E conta, pois a primeira não fomos nós que fizemos, mas foi quem nos obrigou! Não é o que acontece, com o VOTO OBRIGATÓRIO, POIS NÃO PODEMOS VOTAR DUAS VEZES! AGORA, PARA EVITARMOS, VOTAR, EM INTERESSES ESCUSOS, ou NO PESSOAL DE fraternidade machista, QUE SOMENTE BUSCAM INTERESSES DA FRATERNIDADE SECRETA, que se ouve falar, desta e tal conspiração! ENTÃO, SOMENTE VAMOS COLOCAR NO PODER, SOMENTE MULHERES, QUE NÃO SÃO ACEITAS NESTAS TAIS FRATERNIDADES, que se conseguissem seus intentos egoístas, seriam castigados, pois se alguém de alguma seita secreta feitas somente DE "machos", e tem uma tal intenção maligna, mesmo MERECENDO QUE fiquem sozinhos num inferno, sem escravos, para trabalhar para eles, pois se são e amam as trevas, se é que existe os da Luz! Chorariam amargamente, ouvindo "Luzes da Ribalta", e lamentar, a Perdida Ilusão.. pelas Luzes de vidas apagadas... que soaria para "eles" como musica fúnebre! MESMO ASSIM NÃO VALERIA A PENA MORRER DESTA MANEIRA! POIS, ONDE ESTARIA O REINO DE AMOR? Mas, Graças ao nosso Deus Altíssimo, Nós temos acima de tudo, Jesus o Cristo que com o sopro de sua boca, destruirá, as obras das trevas, que quer a tudo dominar, até A TAL "Política" da ...
http://wn.com/Hebe_e_Dilma_Rousseff_HD
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós somos obrigados a fazer ou não, algo, então não temos mérito nenhum. É por isto que Jesus diz, que se somos obrigados, a fazer algo, MESMO bom, façamos, mais uma fez, MAS DESTA VEZ por nossa INICIATIVA E conta, pois a primeira não fomos nós que fizemos, mas foi quem nos obrigou! Não é o que acontece, com o VOTO OBRIGATÓRIO, POIS NÃO PODEMOS VOTAR DUAS VEZES! AGORA, PARA EVITARMOS, VOTAR, EM INTERESSES ESCUSOS, ou NO PESSOAL DE fraternidade machista, QUE SOMENTE BUSCAM INTERESSES DA FRATERNIDADE SECRETA, que se ouve falar, desta e tal conspiração! ENTÃO, SOMENTE VAMOS COLOCAR NO PODER, SOMENTE MULHERES, QUE NÃO SÃO ACEITAS NESTAS TAIS FRATERNIDADES, que se conseguissem seus intentos egoístas, seriam castigados, pois se alguém de alguma seita secreta feitas somente DE "machos", e tem uma tal intenção maligna, mesmo MERECENDO QUE fiquem sozinhos num inferno, sem escravos, para trabalhar para eles, pois se são e amam as trevas, se é que existe os da Luz! Chorariam amargamente, ouvindo "Luzes da Ribalta", e lamentar, a Perdida Ilusão.. pelas Luzes de vidas apagadas... que soaria para "eles" como musica fúnebre! MESMO ASSIM NÃO VALERIA A PENA MORRER DESTA MANEIRA! POIS, ONDE ESTARIA O REINO DE AMOR? Mas, Graças ao nosso Deus Altíssimo, Nós temos acima de tudo, Jesus o Cristo que com o sopro de sua boca, destruirá, as obras das trevas, que quer a tudo dominar, até A TAL "Política" da ...
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 1456
- author: dozeh2005
A verdadeira face de Dilma Roussef
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/A_verdadeira_face_de_Dilma_Roussef
Top Five Dilma Roussef
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Video mostrando as mancadas da Candidata a presidencia Dilma Roussef. Coisas como "O Meio ambiente é uma ameaça ao desenvolvimento sustentavel..." e "Neymar e Ganso tem essa capacidade de fazer a gente olhar"
http://wn.com/Top_Five_Dilma_Roussef
Video mostrando as mancadas da Candidata a presidencia Dilma Roussef. Coisas como "O Meio ambiente é uma ameaça ao desenvolvimento sustentavel..." e "Neymar e Ganso tem essa capacidade de fazer a gente olhar"
- published: 16 Oct 2010
- views: 240909
- author: Paulo Moreira
![Discussão entre Dilma Rousseff e Miriam Leitão [CBN 2010]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130212052719im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/s9jJvgD3qiQ/default.jpg "Discussão entre Dilma Rousseff e Miriam Leitão [CBN 2010]")
Discussão entre Dilma Rousseff e Miriam Leitão [CBN 2010]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:31
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Visite nossa comunidade no Orkut! www.orkut.com.br Dois dias depois de aparecer, pela primeira vez, na liderança de uma pesquisa sobre a corrida presidencial de 2010, a ex-ministra Dilma Rousseff demonstrou firmeza e desenvoltura ao ser entrevistada, na manhã de 17 de maio de 2010, pela rádio CBN, das Organizações Globo. Foi um dos melhores desempenhos de Dilma na mídia desde o anúncio, em fevereiro, de sua pré-candidatura à sucessão do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Mediada pelo jornalista Heródoto Barbeiro, a entrevista começou em meio à repercussão do acordo nuclear firmado entre Brasil, Irã e Turquia na noite de domingo (16). Apesar da descrença da comunidade internacional, Lula, tachado como ingênuo pelo jornal The New York Times, liderou um dos mais exemplares êxitos na história da diplomacia brasileira. Na opinião de Dilma, o Brasil marcou um gol no Oriente Médio. Segundo ela, foi a vitória de uma política externa de diálogo, pró-paz, que tenta construir um mundo melhor. A pré-candidata disse que o acordo valorizou a disposição do governo Lula de instaurar um outro clima de negociação e credenciou ainda mais o presidente brasileiro como líder internacional. Questionada sobre os impactos do acordo numa eventual indicação de Lula para secretário-geral da ONU (Organização das Nações Unidas), Dilma disse tratar-se do tipo de pergunta que tem de ser feita para ele — mas ponderou que o presidente tem vínculos fortes com o Brasil. Por outro lado, ressaltou que a ...
http://wn.com/Discussão_entre_Dilma_Rousseff_e_Miriam_Leitão_CBN_2010_
Visite nossa comunidade no Orkut! www.orkut.com.br Dois dias depois de aparecer, pela primeira vez, na liderança de uma pesquisa sobre a corrida presidencial de 2010, a ex-ministra Dilma Rousseff demonstrou firmeza e desenvoltura ao ser entrevistada, na manhã de 17 de maio de 2010, pela rádio CBN, das Organizações Globo. Foi um dos melhores desempenhos de Dilma na mídia desde o anúncio, em fevereiro, de sua pré-candidatura à sucessão do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Mediada pelo jornalista Heródoto Barbeiro, a entrevista começou em meio à repercussão do acordo nuclear firmado entre Brasil, Irã e Turquia na noite de domingo (16). Apesar da descrença da comunidade internacional, Lula, tachado como ingênuo pelo jornal The New York Times, liderou um dos mais exemplares êxitos na história da diplomacia brasileira. Na opinião de Dilma, o Brasil marcou um gol no Oriente Médio. Segundo ela, foi a vitória de uma política externa de diálogo, pró-paz, que tenta construir um mundo melhor. A pré-candidata disse que o acordo valorizou a disposição do governo Lula de instaurar um outro clima de negociação e credenciou ainda mais o presidente brasileiro como líder internacional. Questionada sobre os impactos do acordo numa eventual indicação de Lula para secretário-geral da ONU (Organização das Nações Unidas), Dilma disse tratar-se do tipo de pergunta que tem de ser feita para ele — mas ponderou que o presidente tem vínculos fortes com o Brasil. Por outro lado, ressaltou que a ...
- published: 24 May 2010
- views: 656561
- author: muitoalemjn
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff conhece projeto de Visualização Avançada em Londres 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avançada e assistiu a trechos do filme EstereoEnsaios durante a abertura da exposição Brazil at Heart na Embaixada Brasileira em Londres. A exibição é parte da organização de eventos relacionados às Olimpíadas de 2012.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_conhece_projeto_de_Visualização_Avançada_em_Londres_2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avançada e assistiu a trechos do filme EstereoEnsaios durante a abertura da exposição Brazil at Heart na Embaixada Brasileira em Londres. A exibição é parte da organização de eventos relacionados às Olimpíadas de 2012.
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 5731
- author: ciceroinaciodasilva
Dilma Rousseff Brazilian President in Sofia,Bulgaria - 05.10.11 /no comment/
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Dilma_Rousseff_Brazilian_President_in_Sofia,Bulgaria_051011_no_comment_
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff é homenageada na prefeitura de Paris
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 12.12.12: No segundo dia de visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff se encontrou nesta quarta-feira (12) com o prefeito de Paris, Bertrand Delanoè. Ela participou de uma cerimônia na sede da prefeitura onde foi homenageada. Após a cerimônia, Dilma Rousseff fez uma visita de cortesia ao presidente do Senado francês, Jean-Pierre Bel.
http://wn.com/Presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_é_homenageada_na_prefeitura_de_Paris
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 12.12.12: No segundo dia de visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff se encontrou nesta quarta-feira (12) com o prefeito de Paris, Bertrand Delanoè. Ela participou de uma cerimônia na sede da prefeitura onde foi homenageada. Após a cerimônia, Dilma Rousseff fez uma visita de cortesia ao presidente do Senado francês, Jean-Pierre Bel.
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 480
- author: TVNBR
Quem é Dilma Roussef - QUE SE ABRAM OS ARQUIVOS DA DITADURA!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
O Deputado Jair Bolsonaro dá uma prévia sobre a ficha criminal da Ministra Dilma Roussef. ABRAM OS ARQUIVOS DA DITADURA, MINISTRO TARSO GENRO DOIS MANDATOS NÃO FORAM SUFICIENTES PRA FAZER ISSO? OU O QUE TEM LÁ ACABA COM TODA A FARSA DO PT NOS ÚLTIMOS 30 ANOS?
http://wn.com/Quem_é_Dilma_Roussef_QUE_SE_ABRAM_OS_ARQUIVOS_DA_DITADURA!
O Deputado Jair Bolsonaro dá uma prévia sobre a ficha criminal da Ministra Dilma Roussef. ABRAM OS ARQUIVOS DA DITADURA, MINISTRO TARSO GENRO DOIS MANDATOS NÃO FORAM SUFICIENTES PRA FAZER ISSO? OU O QUE TEM LÁ ACABA COM TODA A FARSA DO PT NOS ÚLTIMOS 30 ANOS?
- published: 03 Nov 2009
- views: 116802
- author: Marcos Alex
Pronunciamento da Presidenta da República, Dilma Rousseff, pelo Dia do Trabalho
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
O trabalhador tem o direito de usufruir tudo que o seu país produz, diz Dilma Rousseff
http://wn.com/Pronunciamento_da_Presidenta_da_República,_Dilma_Rousseff,_pelo_Dia_do_Trabalho
O trabalhador tem o direito de usufruir tudo que o seu país produz, diz Dilma Rousseff
- published: 01 May 2012
- views: 30413
- author: SImpPR
TV Fuzarca! #15 Dilma Rousseff / Ganso Preto / Banda Matildos e Making Off!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
A TV Fuzarca! dessa vez resolveu inovar gravando então dois quadros que envolvem felicidade, crianças e melagrião. Divirtam-se com o Ganso preto, os Matildos e as loucuras dos bastidosres da nossa TV!
http://wn.com/TV_Fuzarca!_15_Dilma_Rousseff_Ganso_Preto_Banda_Matildos_e_Making_Off!
A TV Fuzarca! dessa vez resolveu inovar gravando então dois quadros que envolvem felicidade, crianças e melagrião. Divirtam-se com o Ganso preto, os Matildos e as loucuras dos bastidosres da nossa TV!
- published: 25 May 2011
- views: 31662
- author: TVFuzarca
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff em homenagem ao Dia do Trabalho
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma por ocasião do Dia do Trabalho Maio de 2011
http://wn.com/Pronunciamento_da_presidenta_Dilma_Rousseff_em_homenagem_ao_Dia_do_Trabalho
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma por ocasião do Dia do Trabalho Maio de 2011
- published: 29 Apr 2011
- views: 14018
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Gustavo Mendes imita Dilma Rousseff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Gustavo Mendes experimenta a imitação de Dilma Rousseff. Contatos gmendesmiranda@hotmail.com / Twitter: @GustavoMMendes
http://wn.com/Gustavo_Mendes_imita_Dilma_Rousseff
Gustavo Mendes experimenta a imitação de Dilma Rousseff. Contatos gmendesmiranda@hotmail.com / Twitter: @GustavoMMendes
- published: 31 Oct 2010
- views: 80331
- author: gustavommendes
14:34
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff: From Guerrilla Fighter to "the Most Powerful Woman in the World"
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female presid...
published: 03 Jan 2011
author: mediagrrl9
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff: From Guerrilla Fighter to "the Most Powerful Woman in the World"
democracynow.org - Brazil has made history with the swearing-in of its first female president. On Saturday, Dilma Rousseff received the presidential sash from outgoing President Lula da Silva at a ceremony in the capital Brasília. In the 1960s, Rousseff was a guerrilla resisting Brazil's military dictatorship. She was imprisoned and tortured for three years. Democracy Now! interviewed Greg Grandin, professor of Latin American history at New York University, and author of "Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism." His most recent book, "Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle City," was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. For thevideo/audio podcast, transcript, to sign up for the daily news digest, and for today's entire show, visit www.democracynow.org. Please consider supporting independent media by making a donation to Democracy Now! today, visit www.democracynow.org
- published: 03 Jan 2011
- views: 40720
- author: mediagrrl9
11:39
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma 7 de Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro...
published: 07 Sep 2012
author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma 7 de Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff por ocasião do 7 de setembro
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 44561
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
27:56
President Obama's Bilateral Meeting with President Rousseff of Brazil
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilatera...
published: 10 Apr 2012
author: whitehouse
President Obama's Bilateral Meeting with President Rousseff of Brazil
President Obama and President Dilma Rousseff of Brazil speak to the press after a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 21657
- author: whitehouse
26:47
Digital Age-How Did Brazil Get Connected?-Julia Sweig
Brazil, long disparaged as the "country of the future," has become the world's seventh lar...
published: 05 May 2011
author: jzirin1
Digital Age-How Did Brazil Get Connected?-Julia Sweig
Brazil, long disparaged as the "country of the future," has become the world's seventh largest economy with an astonishing growth rate of 7.5%; its first female President, Dilma Rousseff, is talking turkey with Obama and Hu Jintao; and its free press and social media have turned it into a vibrant democracy. Latin America expert Julia Sweig tells Jim Zirin what happened to revitalize Brazil...and why.
- published: 05 May 2011
- views: 1983
- author: jzirin1
6:58
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff durante almoço oferecido pelo rei Juan Carlos I
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na ...
published: 19 Nov 2012
author: TVNBR
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff durante almoço oferecido pelo rei Juan Carlos I
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 19.11.12: A presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou, em Madri, na Espanha, de uma recepção oferecida pelo rei Juan Carlos I ea rainha Sofia. Durante a visita ao Palácio Real, as autoridades brasileiras e espanholas conversaram sobre o aprofundamento do diálogo político entre os dois países e parcerias nas áreas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, educação e defesa. Durante o almoço, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff fez um pronunciamento e um brinde.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 1362
- author: TVNBR
24:54
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff na abertura da Assembleia-Geral da ONU
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a pr...
published: 21 Sep 2011
author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Discurso da presidenta Dilma Rousseff na abertura da Assembleia-Geral da ONU
Fato inédito na história da comunidade internacional, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff foi a primeira mulher a abrir o Debate Geral da 66ª Assembleia-Geral da ONU, em Nova York.
- published: 21 Sep 2011
- views: 82500
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
23:40
67ª AGNU - Discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral ...
published: 25 Sep 2012
author: MREBRASIL
67ª AGNU - Discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff
Íntegra do discurso da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, por ocasião da abertura do debate geral da 67ª Sessão da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Transcrição do discurso: www2.planalto.gov.br Vídeo obtido em www.youtube.com
- published: 25 Sep 2012
- views: 2040
- author: MREBRASIL
15:38
Em Belo Horizonte, presidenta Dilma Rousseff visita instalações internas do novo Mineirão
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: O estádio Mineirão foi reinaugurado nesta sexta-feira...
published: 21 Dec 2012
author: TVNBR
Em Belo Horizonte, presidenta Dilma Rousseff visita instalações internas do novo Mineirão
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 21.12.12: O estádio Mineirão foi reinaugurado nesta sexta-feira (21). Antes da cerimônia, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff visitou as instalações do estádio e se encontrou com jogadores que fazem parte da história do Mineirão.
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2499
- author: TVNBR
11:26
Dilma Rousseff é responsável pelo chute inaugural do Estádio Castelão, em Fortaleza
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do m...
published: 16 Dec 2012
author: TVNBR
Dilma Rousseff é responsável pelo chute inaugural do Estádio Castelão, em Fortaleza
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 16.12.12: Acompanhada do governador do Ceará, Cid Gomes, e do ministro do Esporte, Aldo Rebelo, Dilma Rousseff cortou a fita de inauguração oficial do novo Estádio Governador Plácido Castelo Branco, em Fortaleza. Após o corte, a presidenta tirou uma foto com os trabalhadores responsáveis pelas obras do Castelão. Dilma também deu o tradicional pontapé inicial no gramado da arena, com capacidade para receber 60 mil pessoas. O estádio é o primeiro a ficar pronto para os jogos da Copa das Confederações, em 2013, e do Mundo, em 2014.
- published: 16 Dec 2012
- views: 4376
- author: TVNBR
10:49
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff - pronunciamento 7 de Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff pelo dia 7 de setembro. Setembro de 2012....
published: 06 Sep 2011
author: PalaciodoPlanalto
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff - pronunciamento 7 de Setembro
Pronunciamento da presidenta Dilma Rousseff pelo dia 7 de setembro. Setembro de 2012.
- published: 06 Sep 2011
- views: 21423
- author: PalaciodoPlanalto
62:03
Na França, presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa do Fórum pelo Progresso Social
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousse...
published: 11 Dec 2012
author: TVNBR
Na França, presidenta Dilma Rousseff participa do Fórum pelo Progresso Social
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 11.12.12: Em visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff participou do "Fórum pelo Progresso Social: o crescimento como saída para crise". O evento foi aberto, também, pelo presidente francês, François Hollande. O fórum foi organizado pelo Instituto Lula e pela Fundação Jean Jaurés.
- published: 11 Dec 2012
- views: 639
- author: TVNBR
26:45
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós so...
published: 22 Sep 2012
author: dozeh2005
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD
Hebe e Dilma Rousseff HD. Não estamos sob o governo de nenhuma Tipo de Política. Se nós somos obrigados a fazer ou não, algo, então não temos mérito nenhum. É por isto que Jesus diz, que se somos obrigados, a fazer algo, MESMO bom, façamos, mais uma fez, MAS DESTA VEZ por nossa INICIATIVA E conta, pois a primeira não fomos nós que fizemos, mas foi quem nos obrigou! Não é o que acontece, com o VOTO OBRIGATÓRIO, POIS NÃO PODEMOS VOTAR DUAS VEZES! AGORA, PARA EVITARMOS, VOTAR, EM INTERESSES ESCUSOS, ou NO PESSOAL DE fraternidade machista, QUE SOMENTE BUSCAM INTERESSES DA FRATERNIDADE SECRETA, que se ouve falar, desta e tal conspiração! ENTÃO, SOMENTE VAMOS COLOCAR NO PODER, SOMENTE MULHERES, QUE NÃO SÃO ACEITAS NESTAS TAIS FRATERNIDADES, que se conseguissem seus intentos egoístas, seriam castigados, pois se alguém de alguma seita secreta feitas somente DE "machos", e tem uma tal intenção maligna, mesmo MERECENDO QUE fiquem sozinhos num inferno, sem escravos, para trabalhar para eles, pois se são e amam as trevas, se é que existe os da Luz! Chorariam amargamente, ouvindo "Luzes da Ribalta", e lamentar, a Perdida Ilusão.. pelas Luzes de vidas apagadas... que soaria para "eles" como musica fúnebre! MESMO ASSIM NÃO VALERIA A PENA MORRER DESTA MANEIRA! POIS, ONDE ESTARIA O REINO DE AMOR? Mas, Graças ao nosso Deus Altíssimo, Nós temos acima de tudo, Jesus o Cristo que com o sopro de sua boca, destruirá, as obras das trevas, que quer a tudo dominar, até A TAL "Política" da ...
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 1456
- author: dozeh2005
4:03
A verdadeira face de Dilma Roussef
...
published: 02 Apr 2009
author: araguaia2009
A verdadeira face de Dilma Roussef
- published: 02 Apr 2009
- views: 101230
- author: araguaia2009
4:20
Top Five Dilma Roussef
Video mostrando as mancadas da Candidata a presidencia Dilma Roussef. Coisas como "O Meio ...
published: 16 Oct 2010
author: Paulo Moreira
Top Five Dilma Roussef
Video mostrando as mancadas da Candidata a presidencia Dilma Roussef. Coisas como "O Meio ambiente é uma ameaça ao desenvolvimento sustentavel..." e "Neymar e Ganso tem essa capacidade de fazer a gente olhar"
- published: 16 Oct 2010
- views: 240909
- author: Paulo Moreira
Vimeo results:
3:02
Salve Dilma! Aqueles que irão morrer te saúdam.
Vídeo denuncia que pretende sensibilizar a Presidenta Dilma Rousseff pela violência e prat...
published: 04 May 2012
author: Tekoa Virtual Guarani
Salve Dilma! Aqueles que irão morrer te saúdam.
Vídeo denuncia que pretende sensibilizar a Presidenta Dilma Rousseff pela violência e praticas de extermínio que sofrem os índios Guarani Kaiowa no Mato Grosso do Sul.
Este vídeo foi exibido na abertura do Fórum Social Mundial 2012 na abertura com a presença da presidenta abrindo a apresentação do representante do conselho de direitos humanos que participou da expedição Marcos Veron 2012 organizada pelo Tribunal Popular da Terra.
Realização: Tekoa Virtual Guarani
Idealização e gravação: Gianni Puzzo, Bruno Garibaldi, Fábio Nassif.
2:50
Dilma Rousseff en campagne
Reportage à São Paulo pour France 24. Juillet 2010....
published: 04 Sep 2011
author: Linha Franca Brasil
Dilma Rousseff en campagne
Reportage à São Paulo pour France 24. Juillet 2010.
3:07
Dilma Rousseff em aquarelas
Aulas grátis. Aprenda a pintar retratos com aquarelas. Informação passo a passo, técnicas ...
published: 10 Mar 2011
author: Anildo Motta
Dilma Rousseff em aquarelas
Aulas grátis. Aprenda a pintar retratos com aquarelas. Informação passo a passo, técnicas e métodos explicados de forma clara e detalhada. Visite o meu site http://anildo-motta.com e comece já as suas aulas. Obrigado e boa sorte.
24:53
Discurso Presidente Dilma Rousseff ONU
A Presidente Dilma Rousseff fez o discurso de abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral das Nações ...
published: 25 Sep 2012
author: Garcia
Discurso Presidente Dilma Rousseff ONU
A Presidente Dilma Rousseff fez o discurso de abertura da 67ª Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas com críticas às políticas fiscais ortodoxas adotadas pelos países desenvolvidos. Dilma condenou o que chamou de "islãmofobia", rebateu críticas ao protecionismo, abordou a crise no Oriente Médio, particularmente na Síria, e voltou a defender a criação de um Estado Palestino.
Youtube results:
7:31
Discussão entre Dilma Rousseff e Miriam Leitão [CBN 2010]
Visite nossa comunidade no Orkut! www.orkut.com.br Dois dias depois de aparecer, pela prim...
published: 24 May 2010
author: muitoalemjn
Discussão entre Dilma Rousseff e Miriam Leitão [CBN 2010]
Visite nossa comunidade no Orkut! www.orkut.com.br Dois dias depois de aparecer, pela primeira vez, na liderança de uma pesquisa sobre a corrida presidencial de 2010, a ex-ministra Dilma Rousseff demonstrou firmeza e desenvoltura ao ser entrevistada, na manhã de 17 de maio de 2010, pela rádio CBN, das Organizações Globo. Foi um dos melhores desempenhos de Dilma na mídia desde o anúncio, em fevereiro, de sua pré-candidatura à sucessão do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Mediada pelo jornalista Heródoto Barbeiro, a entrevista começou em meio à repercussão do acordo nuclear firmado entre Brasil, Irã e Turquia na noite de domingo (16). Apesar da descrença da comunidade internacional, Lula, tachado como ingênuo pelo jornal The New York Times, liderou um dos mais exemplares êxitos na história da diplomacia brasileira. Na opinião de Dilma, o Brasil marcou um gol no Oriente Médio. Segundo ela, foi a vitória de uma política externa de diálogo, pró-paz, que tenta construir um mundo melhor. A pré-candidata disse que o acordo valorizou a disposição do governo Lula de instaurar um outro clima de negociação e credenciou ainda mais o presidente brasileiro como líder internacional. Questionada sobre os impactos do acordo numa eventual indicação de Lula para secretário-geral da ONU (Organização das Nações Unidas), Dilma disse tratar-se do tipo de pergunta que tem de ser feita para ele — mas ponderou que o presidente tem vínculos fortes com o Brasil. Por outro lado, ressaltou que a ...
- published: 24 May 2010
- views: 656561
- author: muitoalemjn
3:40
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff conhece projeto de Visualização Avançada em Londres 2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avan...
published: 28 Jul 2012
author: ciceroinaciodasilva
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff conhece projeto de Visualização Avançada em Londres 2012
A presidenta Dilma Rousseff conheceu em 26 de julho de 2012 o projeto de Visualização Avançada e assistiu a trechos do filme EstereoEnsaios durante a abertura da exposição Brazil at Heart na Embaixada Brasileira em Londres. A exibição é parte da organização de eventos relacionados às Olimpíadas de 2012.
- published: 28 Jul 2012
- views: 5731
- author: ciceroinaciodasilva
1:54
Dilma Rousseff Brazilian President in Sofia,Bulgaria - 05.10.11 /no comment/
...
published: 05 Oct 2011
author: thejiffyTV
Dilma Rousseff Brazilian President in Sofia,Bulgaria - 05.10.11 /no comment/
- published: 05 Oct 2011
- views: 6859
- author: thejiffyTV
9:58
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff é homenageada na prefeitura de Paris
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 12.12.12: No segundo dia de visita oficial à França, a presiden...
published: 12 Dec 2012
author: TVNBR
Presidenta Dilma Rousseff é homenageada na prefeitura de Paris
ATIVIDADES DA PRESIDENTA - 12.12.12: No segundo dia de visita oficial à França, a presidenta Dilma Rousseff se encontrou nesta quarta-feira (12) com o prefeito de Paris, Bertrand Delanoè. Ela participou de uma cerimônia na sede da prefeitura onde foi homenageada. Após a cerimônia, Dilma Rousseff fez uma visita de cortesia ao presidente do Senado francês, Jean-Pierre Bel.
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 480
- author: TVNBR
photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department
11 Feb 2013
A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / L'Osservatore Romano
11 Feb 2013
Pope Benedict XVI has announced that he will resign the papacy because of ill health, according to the Italian news agency ANSA. The decision will send shockwaves through the global Catholic community. It is extremely rare for a Pope to give up the papacy and is unheard of in modern times. The vast majority serve until they die, even when struck down by ill health....(size: 1.9Kb)
photo: AP / Kevin Frayer
11 Feb 2013
ALLAHABAD, India (Reuters) - A stampede at a railway station in northern India killed at least 36 Hindu pilgrims on Sunday, the busiest day of the world's largest religious festival at which some 30 million had gathered to wash away their sins in the sacred Ganges river. Twenty-seven of the dead were women, mostly elderly and poor. An eight-year-old girl was also crushed to death ... Daily Press Eyewitness ... M ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
photo: AP / Armando Franca
11 Feb 2013
Nigeria won its first Africa Cup of Nations title since 1994, beating Burkina Faso, 1-0, on Sunday Mba’s left-footed volley in the 40th minute. Victor Moses, who recovered from an ankle injury just in time to play, was voted the best player of the match. ¶ Manchester United opened a season-high 12-point lead in the Premier League, beating Everton, 2-0, at Old Trafford on goals by Ryan Giggs and Robin van Persie ... ... N.Y ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / Ugarit News via AP video
09 Feb 2013
BEIRUT, Lebanon — The video has gone viral in recent days. Syrian government soldiers, in camouflage gear, carrying rocket-propelled grenades and brandishing rifles, mugging for the camera while dancing in a circle to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Enlarge This Image. Ugarit News, via Associated Press. In a video posted online, Syrian soldiers chant and dance to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Related. U.N ... Twitter List ... Raw ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
12 Feb 2013
<- Click on the image to the left to launch the Rio Carnival 2013 gallery ... President Dilma Rousseff has said she is not taking any part in the five-day party, spending it instead in Bahia state as mourning rituals continue across the country ... ....(size: 37.8Kb)
IMDb
11 Feb 2013
In April, the director travelled to Brasilia, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and met with Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; her predecessor, Luiz Inacio ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Deutsche Welle
11 Feb 2013
The carnival season is coming to a close, with "Rosenmontag" (Rose Monday) a highlight of Germany's festivities ... One Cologne float called for the release of members of the Russian punk band "Pussy Riot," another joked about French actor Gerard Depardieu seeking less heavily taxed Russian shores, and one showed the presidents of Brazil and FIFA - Dilma Rousseff and Sepp Blatter - bulldozing favelas ahead of the 2014 World Cup ... DW.DE ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
The Independent
10 Feb 2013
President Dilma Rousseff has said she is not taking any part in the five-day party, spending it instead in Bahia state as mourning rituals continue across the country. More than 60 victims of the fire remain in hospital ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Miami Herald
10 Feb 2013
Surprisingly, the countries with below-average corruption rates include Brazil, where President Dilma Rousseff has fired more than a half-dozen cabinet ministers because of allegations of corruption, and where the Supreme Court last year sentenced powerful ruling party politician Jose Dirceu to a 10-year prison term in the country’s biggest corruption scandal in recent times ... Elizabeth J ... My opinion. I agree ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
BBC News
09 Feb 2013
Brazil's annual carnival has kicked off, but the parades and street parties have a sombre tinge coming after a nightclub fire that killed 238 people. Mourning rituals continued as the mayor of Rio de Janeiro handed over the keys of the city to carnival ceremonial figurehead King Momo. President Dilma Rousseff attended a memorial Mass for the fire victims at Brasilia's cathedral on Thursday night ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
BBC News
09 Feb 2013
As Rio de Janeiro's carnival gets under way, its oldest street parade has drawn an estimated 1.5m revellers. The samba-dancing crowd filled the streets of Rio's business district and some passed out under the summer heat ... Hotels and restaurants are booked almost to capacity ... President Dilma Rousseff attended a memorial Mass for the fire victims at Brasilia's cathedral on Thursday night ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
U~T San Diego
09 Feb 2013
Sao Paulo, 9 feb (EFE) ... Lee trabaja desde el año pasado en el proyecto producido por la empresa brasileña Paranoid y en la primera fase de grabaciones, en abril, el cineasta estuvo en Brasilia, Sao Paulo y Río de Janeiro, ciudades en la que entrevistó personajes como la presidenta brasileña, Dilma Rousseff, y el exmandatario Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ... Comentarios () ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Stuff
09 Feb 2013
Brazil's Carnival celebrations have cut loose, but the parades, block parties and overall festivities began under the pall of a recent nightclub fire that killed 238 people in the southern city of Santa Maria ... President Dilma Rousseff attended a mass in honour of the fire victims at the cathedral in Brasilia, the capital, on Thursday night ... Her press office said she would not participate in any of them ... - Reuters. ....(size: 3.6Kb)
Daily Press
08 Feb 2013
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - Brazil's Carnival celebrations cut loose on Friday, but the parades, block parties and overall festivities began under the pall of a recent nightclub fire that killed 238 people in the southern city of Santa Maria ... Dining and Drinking. Bars and Clubs. FIFA World Cup ... Dilma Rousseff. President Dilma Rousseff attended a mass in honor of the fire victims at the cathedral in Brasilia, the capital, on Thursday night....(size: 6.8Kb)
Reuters
08 Feb 2013
The intervention followed a week of intense volatility in the currency market as investors scrambled to figure out how policymakers were adjusting Brazil's foreign exchange policy ... Signs that the government was not happy about the speed of appreciation of the real in the past couple of days were already evident early on Friday, when a source on President Dilma Rousseff's economic team told Reuters gains had been "somewhat exaggerated....(size: 5.0Kb)
Reuters
08 Feb 2013
Unlike Mexico, where a new government has won in-principle support from opposition parties for major structural reforms, Brazil's reform agenda appears stalled ... "It's like using an old car ... BABY STEPS ... Santander Brasil expects only "baby steps" from Congress this year in tackling reforms given President Dilma Rousseff's poor relationship with lawmakers and acknowledgement that sweeping tax reforms are not politically viable ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
noodls
08 Feb 2013
(Source. Federal Government of Brazil) Info In Paraná, Rousseff says the agricultural sector will have more funds and low interest. 05/02/2013 15.44 - Portal Brasil. While visiting Cascavel (in the state of Paraná) on Monday, February 4, President Dilma Rousseff said that the federal government will expand funds and lower interest rates for the agricultural sector ... Source ... distributed by....(size: 2.6Kb)
| Her Excellency Dilma Rousseff | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 36th President of Brazil | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 1 January 2011 |
|
| Vice President | Michel Temer |
| Preceded by | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Chief of Staff of Brazil | |
| In office 21 June 2005 – 31 March 2010 |
|
| President | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Preceded by | José Dirceu |
| Succeeded by | Erenice Guerra |
| Minister of Mines and Energy | |
| In office 1 January 2003 – 21 June 2005 |
|
| President | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Preceded by | Francisco Luiz Sibut Gomide |
| Succeeded by | Silas Rondeau |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-12-14) 14 December 1947 (age 64) Belo Horizonte, Brazil |
| Political party | Workers' Party |
| Spouse(s) | Cláudio Galeno Linhares (1967–1969) Carlos Franklin Paixão de Araújo (1969–2000) |
| Children | Paula |
| Residence | Alvorada Palace |
| Alma mater | Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Official website |
Dilma Vana Rousseff (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈdʒiwmɐ χuˈsɛf] born 14 December 1947) is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff to the President of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[1]
The daughter of a Bulgarian entrepreneur, Rousseff was raised in an upper middle class household in Belo Horizonte.[1] She became a socialist during her youth, and following the 1964 coup d'état joined various left-wing and Marxist urban guerrilla groups that fought against the military dictatorship. Rousseff was captured and jailed between 1970 and 1972 and reportedly tortured.[1][2]
After her release, Rousseff rebuilt her life in Porto Alegre with Carlos Araújo, who would be her partner for 30 years.[1] Both helped found the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in Rio Grande do Sul, participating in several of the party's electoral campaigns. She became the Secretary of the Treasury of the city of Porto Alegre in the Alceu Collares administration, and later the Secretary of Energy of the State of Rio Grande do Sul under both Collares and Olívio Dutra administrations.[1] In 2000, after an internal dispute in the Dutra cabinet, she left PDT and joined the Workers' Party (PT).[1]
In 2002, Rousseff joined the committee responsible for the energy policy of presidential candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who after winning the election invited her to become Minister of Energy.[1] In 2005, a political crisis triggered by a corruption scandal led to the resignation of Chief of Staff José Dirceu. Rousseff took over the post, remaining in office until March 31, 2010, when she left in order to run for President.[1] She was elected in a run-off on 31 October 2010. She is the first female elected President of Brazil, in addition to being the first economist to hold the office.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Childhood and youth[link]
Dilma Vana Rousseff was born in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, on December 14, 1947, to Bulgarian lawyer and entrepreneur Pedro Rousseff (born Petar Rusev, Bulgarian: Петър Русев, 1900–1962)[4][5] and schoolteacher Dilma Jane da Silva.[6][7] Her father was born in Gabrovo, Principality of Bulgaria[8][9] and was a friend of the Nobel Prize-nominated Bulgarian poet Elisaveta Bagriana.[10] An active member of the Bulgarian Communist Party in the 1920s,[11] Petar Rusev fled political persecution in Bulgaria in 1929, settling in France. He arrived in Brazil in the 1930s, already widowed (he left behind his son Lyuben, who died in 2007), but soon moved to Buenos Aires. He returned to Brazil several years later, settling in São Paulo, where he succeeded in business. Pétar Rúsev adapted his first name to Portuguese and the last to French. During a trip to Uberaba, he met Dilma Jane da Silva, a young schoolteacher born in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, and raised in Minas Gerais, where her parents were ranchers. The two married and settled in Belo Horizonte, where they had three children: Igor, Dilma Vana, and Zana Lúcia (who died in 1977). Igor Rousseff, Dilma's elder brother, is a lawyer.[11]
Pedro Rousseff was a contractor for Mannesmann steel, in addition to building and selling real estate. The family lived in a large house, had three servants, and maintained European habits. The children had a classical education, and both piano and French lessons. After Pedro defeated the initial resistance of the local community to accept foreigners, the family began to attend traditional clubs and schools.
Education and early political awareness[link]
Rousseff was enrolled in preschool at the Colégio Izabela Hendrix and later received primary education at Colégio Nossa Senhora de Sion, a boarding school for girls run by nuns, where the students primarily spoke French with their teachers. Encouraged by her father, Rousseff acquired an early taste for reading. Pedro died in 1962, leaving behind around 15 properties.[11]
In 1964 Rousseff left the conservative Colégio Sion and joined the Central State High School, a co-ed public school where the students would usually make a great stir against the dictatorship established after the military coup. According to Rousseff, it was in this school that she became aware of the political situation of her country, getting "very subversive" and realizing that "the world was not a place for débutantes." In 1967 she joined the Worker's Politics (Portuguese: Política Operária—POLOP), an organization founded in 1961 as a faction of the Brazilian Socialist Party. Its members soon found themselves divided over the method to be used for the implementation of socialism; while some supported the struggle for the election of a constituent assembly, others preferred the armed struggle.[12] Rousseff joined the second group, which originated the Command of National Liberation (Portuguese: Comando de Libertação Nacional—COLINA). According to Apolo Heringer, who was the leader of Colina in 1968 and taught Marxism to Rousseff in high school, she chose the armed struggle after reading Revolution inside the Revolution by Régis Debray, a French intellectual who had moved to Cuba and became a friend of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Heringer says that "the book inflamed everybody, including Dilma."[11]
During that period, Rousseff met Cláudio Galeno Linhares, a brother in arms five years older than her. Galeno, who had joined POLOP 1n 1962, had served in the Army, participating in the uprising of sailors against the military coup, for which he had been arrested in Ilha das Cobras. They married in 1968 in a civil ceremony, after dating for one year.[11]
Guerrilla activity[link]
Colina[link]
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Rousseff participated in the militant activities of the Comando de Libertação Nacional—COLINA (English: National Liberation Command) and advocated Marxist politics among labour union members and as editor of the newspaper The Piquet. Dilma's role in this organization is unclear. According to the magazine Piauí, she handled weapons.[11] This is, however, contested by most of the Brazilian media. She probably was engaged only in "organization tasks".[13]
In early 1969, the Minas Gerais branch of Colina was limited to a dozen militants, with little money and few weapons. Its activities had boiled down to four bank robberies, some stolen cars and two bombings, with no casualties. On January 14, however, after the arrest of some militants during a bank robbery, the rest of them gathered to debate what they would do in order to release them from jail. At dawn, the police invaded the group's house and the militants responded by using a machine gun, which killed two policemen and wounded another.[11]
Rousseff and Galeno then began to sleep each night in a different location, since their apartment was visited by one of the leaders of the organization that had been arrested. They had to go back to their home secretly in order to destroy the organization's documents. On March 1969, the apartment was invaded by the police, but no documents were found. They stayed in Belo Horizonte for a few more weeks trying to reorganize what was left of Colina, but had to avoid their parents' houses, aware that they were being watched by the military (Rousseff's family had no knowledge of her participation in underground activities). In addition to that, Galeno had to undergo facial plastic surgery or a similar procedure (although he denies this) after a sketch of him was released for participating in a bank robbery. Unable to remain in the city, the organization ordered them to move to Rio de Janeiro. Rousseff was 21 and had just finished her fourth semester at the Minas Gerais Federal University School of Economics.[11]
There were a large number of people from Minas Gerais in the Rio de Janeiro faction of Colina (including former Belo Horizonte mayor Fernando Pimentel, 18 years old at the time), with the organization having no infrastructure to shelter all of them. Rousseff and Galeno stayed for a brief period in the home of one of Rousseff's aunts, who thought that they were in Rio on vacation. Later they moved to a small hotel and then to an apartment, until Galeno was sent by the organization to Porto Alegre. Rousseff remained in Rio, where she helped the organization, attending meetings and transporting weapons and money, according to the magazine Piauí. At one of these meetings, she met the Rio Grande do Sul-born lawyer Carlos Franklin Paixão de Araújo, who was then 31 years old; they developed a sudden attraction to one another. Araújo was head of a dissident group of the Brazilian Communist Party (Portuguese: Partido Comunista Brasileiro—PCB) and sheltered Galeano in Porto Alegre. The breakup with Galeno was peaceful. As Galeno said, "in that difficult situation, we had no prospect of being a regular couple."[11]
Araújo was the son of a prominent labor defense lawyer and had joined the PCB early. He had traveled through Latin America (having met Castro and Che Guevara) and had been imprisoned for several months in 1964. He joined the armed struggle after the issue of AI-5 by the dictatorship in 1968. On early 1969, he began to discuss the merger of his group with Colina and Popular Revolutionary Vanguard (Portuguese: Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária—VPR), led by Carlos Lamarca. Rousseff attended some meetings about the merger, which was formalized in two conferences in Mongaguá, leading to the creation of Revolutionary Armed Vanguard Palmares (Portuguese: Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares—VAR Palmares). Rousseff and Araújo attended these conferences, as well as Lamarca, who thought that Rousseff was a "stuck-up intellectual." His perception was based on her defense of a revolution through the political engagement of the working class, in opposition to VPR's military-based sense of revolution.[11]
VAR Palmares[link]
| “ | We fought and participated in a dream to build a better Brazil, we learned a lot. We did a lot of nonsense, but that is not what characterizes us. What characterizes us is to have dared to want a better country. | ” |
|
— Dilma Rousseff, |
||
Carlos Araújo was chosen as one of the six leaders of VAR Palmares, which claimed to be a "political-military organization of Marxist-Leninist partisan orientation which aims to fulfill the tasks of the revolutionary war and the establishment of the working class party, in order to seize power and build socialism."[14] According to Maurício Lopes Lima, a former member of the Operação Bandeirantes (OBAN) search force (a structure which included the intelligence and torture services of the Armed Forces), Rousseff was the main leader of VAR Palmares. According to him, he received reports defining her as "one of the brains" of the revolutionary schemes. Police commissioner Newton Fernandes, who investigated the clandestine organization in São Paulo and drew the profile of dozens of their members, said that Rousseff was one of the principal masterminds of the revolutionary schemes. The attorney which prosecuted the organization called her "Joan of Arc of subversion," saying that she led strikes and advised bank robberies.[15] She was also dubbed as "the she-pope of subversion," "political criminal," and "female figure of sadly notable aspect."[11] Rousseff ridicules such comparison, stating that she does not even remember many of the actions attributed to her.[16] According to her former comrade and current colleague, Environment Minister Carlos Minc, her role in the group was sensationalized. "Because she is a very important person, they'll say anything about her."[17]
Rousseff has sometimes been described as the mastermind of the theft of a safe belonging to former governor of São Paulo, Ademar de Barros. The action was carried out on June 18, 1969, in Rio de Janeiro, and netted 2.5 million U.S. dollars.[18] It became the most spectacular and profitable action of the armed struggle.[11] Carlos Minc has denied the participation of Rousseff in the event, saying that the widespread version that she was the leader of the organization is rather exaggerated, since she was merely a member of no distinction. On at least three different occasions Rousseff herself also denied participating in the event.[17][19] Testimonials and police reports indicated that Rousseff was responsible for managing the money from the robbery, paying the salaries of the militants, finding a shelter for the group, and buying a Volkswagen Beetle. Rousseff only remembers purchasing the car, and doubts that she was the one responsible for managing the money.[20][21]
In 1969, VAR Palmares allegedly planned the kidnapping of Antônio Delfim Netto, a symbol of the "Brazilian Miracle" and the most powerful civilian in the federal government at the time. This would have been carried out in December according to the book Os Carbonários, written by Alfredo Sirkis in 1981. Antonio Roberto Espinosa, former head of both VPR and VAR Palmares, was reported to have said that Rousseff was one of the five members of the organization's leadership aware of it. The kidnapping did not take place because the members of the organization were captured just weeks before. Rousseff emphatically denies that she was aware of the plan and doubts that anyone involved really remembers much about it. She also said that Espinosa fantasized about the event.[20][21] After learning about the quotes that were being attributed to him, Espinosa denied stating that Rousseff knew about the plan, which was vague in any case. He said that Rousseff never participated or planned any paramilitary actions; her role was only political.[22][23][24][25][26]
Even with large amounts of money, the organization failed to maintain its unity. At a conference held in Teresópolis between August and September 1969, there was a major dispute among those who supported the armed struggle and who advocated working with the masses. Rousseff was in the second group. While the first group split into the paramilitary VPR, led by Lamarca, the second (including Rousseff) continued as VAR Palmares. There was a dispute over the money and weapons.[11]
After the split, Rousseff was sent to São Paulo, where she was in charge of keeping her group's weapons safe. She avoided the risk of keeping them in apartments by moving with a friend (Maria Celeste Martins, who would become her Chief of Staff assistant decades later) to a simple boarding house in the eastern zone of the city, where they hid the weapons under their beds.[11]
Arrest[link]
José Olavo Leite Ribeiro, who met three times a week with Rousseff, was captured by the military. As Ribeiro reported, after a day of torture, he revealed the place where he would meet with another militant, in a bar on Rua Augusta in São Paulo. On January 16, 1970, he was forced to go to the bar accompanied by undercover policemen, where his colleague was captured and, when they were preparing to leave, Rousseff unexpectedly arrived. Realizing that something was wrong, Rousseff tried to leave the place without being noticed. The officers suspected Rousseff and searched her, discovering that she was armed. "If it was not for the gun, it is possible that she could have escaped," says Ribeiro.[11] Rousseff was considered a big enough catch that a military prosecutor labeled her the "Joan of Arc" of the guerrilla movement.[2]
Rousseff was taken to the OBAN headquarters, the same place where Vladimir Herzog would be tortured and killed five years later. She was allegedly tortured for 22 days by punching, ferule, and electric shock devices.[27] As Maria Luisa Belloque, a cellmate, said "Dilma was shocked even with car wiring." Some ex-military officers have dismissed Rousseff's account, saying that she could not have survived that extent of torture.[28] Later, Rousseff denounced the torture she suffered in court proceedings, citing even the names of those who tortured her, such as Army Captain Benoni de Arruda Albernaz, mentioned by several other witnesses. Although she revealed the locations of some militants during torture interrogation, Rousseff managed to preserve the identities of Carlos Araújo (who would be arrested several months later) and Maria Celeste Martins.[11] Rousseff's name was on a list found at Carlos Lamarca's home, on a list of the prisoners who would get priority in exchange for hostages, but she was never exchanged and served out her sentence.[29]
Carlos Araújo was arrested on August 12, 1970. After Rousseff was captured, he had an affair with actress and fellow militant Bete Mendes. After his arrest, he met Rousseff on some occasions, during displacements regarding the military lawsuits both being prosecuted for. They were even a few months in the same prison in São Paulo, where during conjugal visits they reconciled, planning to resume married life after being released from jail.[11] Rousseff was convicted in the first instance to six years in prison. She had already served three years when the Supreme Military Court reduced her sentence to two years and a month. She also had her political rights suspended for eighteen years.[30]
In December 2006, the Special Commission for Reparation of the Human Rights Office for the State of Rio de Janeiro approved a request for indemnification by Rousseff and eighteen other prisoners in law enforcement agencies of the São Paulo state government in the 1970s.[31] In her request, a pivotal witness was Vânia Abrantes, who was in the same police car that transferred her from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro (Vânia was Araújo's girlfriend when he and Rousseff began to date).[11] Rousseff also requested compensation in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, since she was arrested in São Paulo but taken for interrogation in the cities of Juiz de Fora and Rio de Janeiro. She also seeks indemnification from the federal government. The total compensation figure paid to victims of political persecution may be up to 72,000 reais. However, as her advisors have declared, the indemnification has a symbolic value to her, and Rousseff demanded the requests to be tried only after her departure from public office.[30]
On April 5, 2009, Folha de S. Paulo published, on its front page, an alleged criminal record of Rousseff containing notes about various crimes allegedly committed by her. The document would have been part of the file of the Department of Political and Social Order (Portuguese: Departamento de Ordem Política e Social—DOPS), the military regime's political police. Rousseff questioned the veracity of the file, claiming that it was a forged document, which led the newspaper to declare that it had not obtained the document from DOPS' file, but rather via e-mail and, thus, could not guarantee its veracity.[32][33][34][35] The record can be found on a far right-wing website which supports the regime.[36]
Life in Porto Alegre[link]
Rousseff left jail at the end of 1972. She was twenty pounds thinner and acquired a thyroid disease.[37] She spent some time with her family in Minas Gerais in order to recover, visited an aunt in São Paulo, and then moved to Porto Alegre, where Carlos Araújo was finishing the last months of his sentence. She stayed in her in-laws' house, from where they could see the prison where Araújo was. Rousseff frequently visited her partner, giving him newspapers and political books disguised as novels. The Presídio da Ilha das Pedras Brancas was deactivated, and Araújo fulfilled the remainder of his sentence in the Presídio Central. The prominent lawyer, Afrânio Araújo, Carlos' father, died in June 1974, prompting his friends to pressure the regime for the release of Carlos, which happened just a week later.[11][37]
Punished for subversion in accordance with the decree number 477, considered the AI-5 of universities, Rousseff was expelled from the Minas Gerais Federal University and barred from resuming her studies at that university in 1973.[38] She decided to attend a preparatory course in order to take the vestibular test for Economics at the Rio Grande do Sul Federal University. She was admitted in the university and graduated in 1977, this time not participating actively in the students' movement. The year before, in March, she gave birth to her only child, daughter Paula Rousseff Araújo. After graduation, she got her first paid job after serving her prison sentence as an intern at the Foundation of Economics and Statistics (Portuguese: Fundação de Economia e Estatística—FEE), an organization linked to the government of Rio Grande do Sul.[37]
Her political activism, this time within the law, was resumed at the Institute of Social and Political Studies (Portuguese: Instituto de Estudos Políticos e Sociais—IEPES) linked to the only legalized opposition party, the Democratic Movement. Even though she was not affiliated with the party, Rousseff organized debates at the institute, which received lectures from scholars such as Francisco de Oliveira, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and Francisco Weffort. In 1976, Rousseff and Araújo worked in the campaign of Glênio Peres, a MDB candidate for the city council. Although elected, Peres' term was revoked for denouncing the regime's torture in a speech. In November 1977, Rousseff was reported by the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo as one of the 97 "subversives" infiltrated in the public administration. The list was made by resigned Army Minister, Silvio Frota, who had summarized the political background of those he listed. Rousseff, characterized as a Colina and VAR Palmares militant "cohabitating with the subversive Carlos Araújo," was discharged from her job at the FEE, being pardoned later.[37]
In 1978, Rousseff attended the Campinas State University, with the intention of receiving a master's degree in Economics. At that time, she began attending a discussion group formed by other VAR Palmares former members, such as Rui Falcão, Antonio Roberto Espinosa, and eventually Carlos Araújo. Meeting once every three months, the group lasted a couple of years. They would read the works of Karl Marx, Nicos Poulantzas, and Louis Althusser, discussing what would be the right moment to resume their political activity. Rousseff declared that she "attended the master's degree program," but did not finish it, failing to present her thesis. "That's why I returned to university to pursue a doctorate. And then I became minister and did not finish the doctorate", she said. Her academic credentials have been the subject of controversy as her official biography listed these master's and doctoral degrees that she had never earned. She was, however, twice enrolled in the graduate program in economics at the State University of Campinas, without ever fulfilling the requirements for those degrees.[39]
Later life[link]
Rousseff has been married twice. In 1968 she married journalist Cláudio Galeno de Magalhães Linhares, who introduced 20-year-old Rousseff to the underground resistance movement against the dictatorship. In the early 1970s, Rousseff separated from Galeno and started dating Carlos Franklin Paixão de Araújo, her common-law husband for almost thirty years, with whom she had her only child, a daughter named Paula Rousseff de Araújo in 1976. The couple separated in 1994, after Rousseff discovered that another woman was pregnant with Araújo's son, and later resumed their relationship, finally divorcing him in 2000.
Detained in São Paulo, Araújo was sent to his home state of Rio Grande do Sul to finish his sentence. After she moved to Porto Alegre to resume her life with him, Rousseff became a teacher at the prison in order to see him. This work was unpaid.
Rousseff used the last name Linhares upon her marriage to Cláudio Galeno in 1967. The couple separated in their underground years, and an amicable divorce took place in 1981, when she was romantically involved with Araújo. Rousseff, however, continued to use the surname of her first husband until 1999, when she resumed using her maiden name, Dilma Vana Rousseff.[40]
According to Rousseff, she enjoys history and is interested in opera. In the early 1990s, she enrolled in a course in Greek theater taught by playwright Ivo Bender. Greek mythology then became an obsession for her, and, influenced by Penelope, she decided to learn how to embroider. Her favorite actress is Fernanda Montenegro. Her website claims she is an avid reader, citing Machado de Assis, Guimarães Rosa, Cecília Meireles, and Adélia Prado as her favorite authors.[41]
- Paula Rousseff
Paula Rousseff, born on March 27, 1976, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, is the only daughter of Dilma Rousseff and her former husband, Carlos Araújo. Paula is a law graduate and holds the office of Labor Prosecutor in Porto Alegre.[42]
Paula Rousseff, married business administrator Rafael Covolo, three years her junior, in Porto Alegre on April 18, 2008.[43]
On September 9, 2010, Paula Rousseff, gave birth to Rousseff's first grandchild, a boy named Gabriel Rousseff Covolo in the city of Porto Alegre, during the 2010 presidential campaign of her mother. After the last debate with four other candidates, on September 30, 2010, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which was aired on national TV, Rousseff flew to Porto Alegre for the christening of Gabriel in the Roman Catholic Cathedral on October 1, 2010.[44]
- Health issues
At a press conference on April 25, 2009, Rousseff revealed that she was undergoing treatment to remove an early-stage axillar lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system, which was detected in her left armpit during a routine mammogram. It was diagnosed as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, an intermediate grade type, but her chances of being cured were up to 90%. She was submitted to curative chemotherapy treatment for four months.[45]
In mid-May 2009, she was hospitalized in the Hospital Sírio Libanês in São Paulo, with severe pains in her legs. The diagnosis was a myopathy, a muscle inflammation resulting from the cancer treatment. In early September that same year, she revealed she had completed her radiotherapy treatment, claiming to be cured, which was later confirmed by her doctors. She began to wear a wig due to hair loss caused by the chemotherapy.
After seven months of wearing a wig, Rousseff wore her natural dark brown hair at the launch of the 3rd Human Rights Program on December 21, 2009. She had announced in November that she would be retiring her wig as soon as her hair became more even. According to her, it was still "full of holes," the reason why she "couldn't take [the wig] off there in Copenhagen, Denmark." She first publicly admitted of wearing a wig back in May, when she jokingly referred to it as a "basic little wig."[46][47]
Political positions[link]
Although Rousseff states that her political thinking has evolved drastically — from Marxism to pragmatic capitalism — she remains proud of her radical roots.[2]
Rousseff is pro-life, supporting abortion only for pregnancies which endangers the life of the mother or are the result of rape, cases in which the current Brazilian legislation allows women to terminate their pregnancies.[48][49] Her present pro-life views have been criticized by sectors of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil and other religious groups, due to her past support for the legalization of abortion. It was also a main target of criticism by José Serra's campaign as well as conservative newsmagazine Veja, which emphasized Rousseff's past and current positions on its cover.[50]
When asked about the criminal prosecution against Flamengo goalkeeper Bruno Fernandes de Souza, accused of killing his former girlfriend Eliza Samudio, Rousseff said that she opposes the death penalty.[51] According to her, "if it was effective, there would not be such crimes in the United States."[51]
Rousseff opposes gay marriage, but supports same-sex civil union.[52] She said that "marriage is a religious issue. I, as an individual, would never say what a religion should do or not. We have to respect them."[52] About same-sex civil union, Rousseff said that "basic civil rights should be recognized in a civil manner."[52] She also opposes the legalization of illegal drugs, stating that "Brazil today is unable to propose the decriminalization of any drug."[53]
As a member of the Workers' Party, a social-democratic party which opposes Third Way politics, Rousseff was expected to be against privatization and neoliberalism. The Nation, as an example of this thought, described Rousseff's victory as a defeat for the Washington Consensus.[54] Rousseff, however, has an ambiguous position on issues that involve privatization. She is, for instance, "favorable to grant to private enterprise the construction of new power plants and roads, when it is cheaper to do them through grants than through public works."[55] Additionally, she favored the privatization of airports in order to prepare Brazil's infra-structure for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[56]
She also pledged to deepen the social welfare network inaugurated by the Lula administration, saying that, under her rule, "Brazil will continue to grow, with social inclusion and mobility."[55]
Political career[link]
With the end of the mandatory two-party system, in the early 1980s, Rousseff participated, along with Carlos Araújo, in Leonel Brizola's efforts for restructuring the Brazilian Labor Party [disambiguation needed 
] (of social-democratic President João Goulart, overthrown by the 1964 coup). After the Supreme Electoral Court gave the name registry to the group linked to Ivete Vargas (Getúlio Vargas' niece), Rousseff and the group linked to Brizola founded the Democratic Labour Party (Portuguese: Partido Democrático Trabalhista—PDT).[37] Araújo was elected state deputy three times for this party, in 1982, 1986, and 1990. He was also the party's candidate for Porto Alegre mayor twice, losing to Workers' Party members Olívio Dutra in 1988, and Tarso Genro in 1992. Rousseff got her second job in the mid-1980s as an adviser for the PDT members of the Rio Grande do Sul Legislative Assembly.[37]
Municipal Secretary of Treasury[link]
Rousseff and Araújo devoted themselves to Alceu Collares' campaign for mayor of Porto Alegre in 1985. Much of his campaign and government plan was prepared at their home. After elected, Collares appointed Rousseff as the Municipal Secretary of Treasury; this was her first job in the Executive branch. According to Collares, Araújo influenced him on Rousseff's appointment, but her competence also contributed on his choice.[37]
In the gubernatorial campaign of fellow PDT member Aldo Pinto in 1986, Rousseff had an advising role. Pinto's running mate was Nelson Marchezan, one of the most prominent civilians during the Brazilian military government. They would be defeated by the PMDB candidate Pedro Simon. Twenty years later, in an interview, Rousseff attempted to justify the controversial alliance: "Marchezan was a leader of the dictatorship, but he was never an enraged (French: Enragé). The Marchezan wing was the wing of the radicalized small (rural) owners. And he was an ethical guy."[37]
Rousseff remained as Treasury Secretary until 1988, when she stepped out to dedicate herself in Araújo's campaign for mayor of Porto Alegre. She was replaced by Políbio Braga, which says that Rousseff persuaded him not to take office. She would have said that she could "not control these crazy people" and that she was leaving "before it taints my biography." While Collares remembers Rousseff as an example of competence and public transparency, Braga disagrees, stating that "she did not even leave us a single report, and the Treasury Secretary was a chaos."[37]
Araújo's defeat jettisoned the PDT of the local executive branch. In 1989, however, Rousseff was appointed director-general of the City Council, but was dismissed by councilman Valdir Fraga, president of the local legislature, after arriving late for work. As Fraga later said, "I dismissed her because she had a problem with the clock."[37]
State Secretary of Energy[link]
In 1990, Alceu Collares was elected Governor, appointing Rousseff as president of the FEE, where she had been an intern in the 1970s. She remained in office until the end of 1993, when she was appointed Secretary of Energy and Communication through the influence of Carlos Araújo and his group. She remained in office until the end of 1994, the same time when her relationship with Araújo had ended, shaken by the discovery that another woman was pregnant with his child, Rodrigo (born in 1995). They later reconciled and remained together until 2000, when Rousseff moved alone to a rented apartment.[37]
In 1995, after the end of Collares' term, Rousseff departed from her political office and returned to the FEE, where she was the editor of the magazine Economic Indicators (Portuguese: Indicadores Econômicos). It was during this break from public offices that she officially enrolled in the Campinas State University PhD program, in 1998. That same year, the Workers' Party won the Rio Grande do Sul gubernatorial election with the support of PDT in the second round. Once again she was appointed Secretary of Energy, this time by Governor Olívio Dutra. As he later recalled, "I already knew and respected her. I also appointed her because she was in a more left-leaning stance inside the PDT, less populist."[37]
During the first year of the Dutra administration, the PDT had gained some high-ranking offices, but Brizola felt that his party had very little space in the government, responsible for a tiny portion of the budget. Unable to get more space inside the administration, PDT members of the government were pressured by the party leadership to step down. The formation of the political alliance for the 2000 Porto Alegre mayoral election was also a cause of friction among the two parties. They ended up launching each own a different candidate; PDT's was Collares and PT's was Tarso Genro. Rousseff defended the maintenance of the alliance which had elected Dutra, supporting Genro's candidacy, and claiming she would not accept "neoliberal alliances with the right-wing". Her critics said that she was being hypocritical, once she defended an alliance with Marchezan in the 1986 election. Genro defeated Collares in the second round and Rousseff, among other fellow PDT members, joined the Workers' Party. Brizola accused them of being traitors.[37]
During Rousseff's management of the Secretariat of Energy in the Dutra administration, the service capacity of the electricity sector rose by 46%.[37] due to an emergency program attended by state and private companies. In January 1999, Rousseff traveled to Brasília in order to alert the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration that if the authorities responsible for the power sector did not invest in generation and transmission of energy, the power cuts that Rio Grande do Sul faced early in her administration would take place in the rest of the country.[57] Therefore, the electricity crisis at the end of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration affected millions of Brazilians, with the exception of those from the three southern states, where a rationing was not imposed, as there was no drought. There was, however, a voluntary energy saving, and Rousseff tried to obtain compensation from the federal government, as it was granted to other regions. The federal government did not grante it, though, and Rousseff had to compromise with the private sector. According to Pedro Parente, Chief of Staff during the Cardoso administration, "she was pragmatic, objective and showed that she had a fluid dialogue with the business sector."[37]
Minister of Energy[link]
The issues related to the area of energy on the government plan of candidate Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva were discussed in meetings coordinated by physicist and nuclear engineer Luiz Pinguelli Rosa. Another highlighted member of the group was Ildo Sauer. Both of them were completely opposed to the privatization of the sector, which was, in their opinion, responsible for the energy problems that the country was facing. Pinguelli invited Rousseff to join the group meetings in June 2001, where she arrived as a shy participant in a team formed by several professors, but soon stood out with her objectivity and good knowledge of the area. However, it was clear for everyone in the group that Pinguelli would become the Minister of Energy if Lula won the election.[37]
It was a great surprise for everyone that, after elected, Lula chose Rousseff as the incumbent Minister. The President elect declared: "Already near 2002, it appears there a comrade with a little computer in her hand. We started debating and I realized she had a differential characteristic from the others who were there, because she came in with the practicality of the assignment of running the Secretary of Energy of Rio Grande do Sul. Then I was like: I think I found my Minister here."[37] Another factor which would have weighed heavily on Lula's choice was the sympathy that Antonio Palocci had for Rousseff, recognizing that she would have a much easier dialogue with the private sector than Pinguelli, in addition to her support of the Carta aos Brasileiros (English: Letter to the Brazilian People), agreeing with several market friendly changes in the Workers' Party. Dutra said he was consulted by Lula, and praised Rousseff's technical merits while Secretary of Energy during his administration. "I could have weighted the scale in her favor at that time, but from the transition government forward the merit is all hers," he recalled. After her appointment, she became very close to José Dirceu, appointed by Lula as the new Chief of Staff of Brazil.[37]
Her management of the Ministry was marked by the respect of contracts made by the previous administration, by her efforts to prevent further blackouts and by the implementation of an electric model less concentrated in the hands of the state, differently from what Rosa and Sauer desired. Regarding the free market of energy, Rousseff not only kept it as she expanded it as well. José Luiz Alquéres, president of Light S.A., praised the approach taken by Rousseff, which is, accordind to him, helping the segment as a whole. He criticized, however, the delay in the implementation of the new model, but said that this is the fault of the bureaucratic government machinery. Convinced that urgent investments in power generation were required so that the country would not face a general blackout in 2009, Rousseff entered in a serious clash with then Minister of Environment, Marina Silva, which defended the embargo on several construction sites, concerned with the ecological imbalance that they could cause. Dirceu had to create a team of mediators between the two ministers in order to try to resolve their disputes.[58]
A close friend of Lula, Pinguelli was appointed as president of Eletrobrás, and found himself at odds with Rousseff on several occasions, considering an early resignation once. He was ironic about Rousseff's alleged mood swings, being quoted as saying that "this lady formats her disk every week." Pinguelli eventually left the federal government on 2004. Mauricio Tolmasquim, a member of the transition government which shared a vision of the energy sector similar to Rousseff's, was invited by her to be the executive secretary of the ministry. He stated that once they got to know each other better, Rousseff started shouting with him occasionally. "It's her way. It's not personal. And in five minutes everything is okay," he said. Sauer, who took over the gas and energy department of Petrobras, also clashed with the minister, who repulsed his ideas of a statist model. Sometimes the clashes between them were so serious that Lula's intervention was necessary. Sauer left the state oil company in 2007. Another one which had disagreements with the minister on energy issues was the former Congressman Luciano Zica. For him, "Dilma is the most democratic person in the world, as long as you agree 100% with her."[37] He recently left PT and joined the Green Party along with Marina Silva.
After becoming a Minister, Rousseff defended a new industrial policy from the government, ensuring that Petrobras' platforms had a minimum domestic content, what could generate 30 thousand new jobs in the country. She argued that it was unthinkable that a billion dollar building was not being made in Brazil.[59] The bids for the P-51 and P-52 platforms were then the first in the country to require a minimum domestic content.[60] The requirement was heavily criticized, on the grounds that it would increase the costs of Petrobras,[61] but Rousseff defended the country's ability to produce ships and platforms, stating that the nationalization rates of the platforms, which varied between 15% and 18% rose to more than 60% after the requirement.[62] Lula acknowledged that, from the perspective of the company, the costs did in fact go higher, but that Petrobras should not only target the immediate costs, but also the strengthening of national science and technologies.[63] In 2008, the shipbuilding industry as a whole employed 40 thousand people, compared to 500 people in the mid-90s, in part because of the nationalization requirement.[63] Brazil now has the 6th largest shipping industry in the world.[64]
Luz para Todos program[link]
Rousseff proposed to accelerate the goals of universalizing the access to electricity, which had a deadline of 2015, suggesting that 1.4 million rural households would get electricity access until 2006. She argued that it was a social inclusion goal that should be a part of Fome Zero, and it was not possible to assume that such program would give financial return. During the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration, a similar program, called Luz no Campo (English: Rural Electrification), was created to encourage agribusiness providing the funding by the recipient. The goal of the program was to provide electricity to over a million households, but as of early 2003 only half of them had been electrified.[65] According to Rousseff, the results of this program were higher in states where local governments subsidized it for the population.[66] She defended, then, a program heavily subsidized by the federal government, which should not only subsidize, but cover the costs for the universalization of electricity.[67] The subsidy, on the other hand, should be for the final consumer, and not for the electricity companies.[66]
The program was launched on November 2003, under the name Luz para Todos (English: Electricity for All), focused in regions with low Human Development Index and families with total income of up to three minimum wages. The goal of the program was to provide electricity for 2 million households until the end of 2008. In October 2008, Rousseff acknowledged that the government would not be able to fulfill its goal in time, leaving 100,000 households behind. In April 2008, the government expanded the program until 2010, in order to benefit other 1.17 million families. The Northeast region concentrated 49% of the connections of the program, which represented, from January 2005 to May 2008, 37.8% of all new wiring in the region, making the Northeast surpass the South region in power consumption for the first time. Despite being initially advertised as being funded by the Federal Government, 90% of its cost is actually paid for by electricity consumers, through several tariffs that incur on energy prices.[68]
Chief of Staff[link]
As Minister of Energy, Rousseff had the support of two key ministers of the Lula administration: Antonio Palocci and José Dirceu. After Dirceu resigned as Chief of the Presidential Staff due to his involvement in the so-called "Mensalão" scandal, instead of being weakened, Rousseff was chosen by Lula to be the new Chief of Staff. She took office on June 21, 2005, becoming the first female to assume the position.[37] As a former Energy Minister, she also holds a seat in the board of directors of Petrobras.[69]
According to Gilberto Carvalho, the President's private secretary, Rousseff caught the attention of Lula for her courage to face difficult situations and for her technical skills. Franklin Martins, another guerrilla fighter-turned-minister, said Lula was very impressed with Rousseff's management of the Ministry of Energy, where she prevented another blackout. "Lula realized that she kept things moving," he said. By choosing Rousseff, Lula also prevented the political dispute between Palocci and Dirceu to succeed him, while Rousseff did not had such ambition for being a new member of the Workers' Party, and not belonging to any party faction, moving about well in all of them. Rousseff said to Carvalho that being appointed as Chief of Staff was a much bigger surprise for her than being appointed as Minister of Energy.[37] In the opinion of Rio Grande do Sul Senator and former Governor Pedro Simon, since Rousseff took office, "seriousness is being imposed" in the Presidential Staff.[70]
After Rousseff took office, the U.S. Consulate General in São Paulo sent a long profile of her to the U.S. Department of State.[71] It detailed several aspects of her life, talking about her past activity in guerrilla organizations, her tastes and habits, and professional characteristics, being described as a prestigious and detailed technician, with the reputation of a workaholic and a great ability to listen, but lacking political tact, turning directly to technicians rather than her superiors.[72][73]
Presidential campaign[link]
Main article: Brazilian presidential election, 2010
On June 13, 2010, after more than two years of widespread speculation, Rousseff launched her campaign as the official presidential candidate for the Workers' Party in the 2010 presidential election.[74] At that time, former São Paulo State Governor José Serra, candidate for the center-right opposition bloc, had been at the top of the polls for over two years. With promises of maintaining Lula's popular policies, Rousseff was able to surpass Serra in all the polls by late July.[75] In spite of maintaining a wide margin over him, she did not receive 50% of unspoiled votes in the first round and had to face a run-off against Serra on October 31, when she was elected with over 56% of the unspoilt votes.
Rousseff's coalition, For Brazil to keep on changing, was initially formed by nine political parties, which gave her the largest amount of time for advertisement on television. This was the first time that PT got more television time than its main rival, the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). However, according to electoral law, television time had to be equal on the run-off. Rousseff's ads were noted for their professionalism and production quality,[76] being rated as the best electoral program by 56% of voters.[77]
Rousseff's candidacy was also supported by notable international figures, such as Puerto Rican actor Benicio del Toro,[78] First Secretary of the French Socialist Party Martine Aubry,[79] and American filmmaker Oliver Stone, who recorded a message on her behalf.[80] Singer Alcione,[81] Portuguese Brazilian economist Maria da Conceição Tavares,[82] and journalist Hildegard Angel (daughter of Zuzu Angel and sister of Stuart Angel)[83] also recorded messages on Rousseff's behalf. On October 15, Tom Morello posted a message on his Twitter account supporting her candidacy, seen by him as representing "the poor, the working class and the youth."[84]
On October 18, 2010, Brazilian artists and intellectuals held an event in the Oi Casagrande theatre in Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, in order to show their support to Rousseff's candidacy. Among them were Chico Buarque, Beth Carvalho, Alceu Valença, Elba Ramalho, Emir Sader, Oscar Niemeyer, Leonardo Boff, and Marilena Chaui.[85] That same day, she received a letter of support by prominent members of the European Green Party, such as Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Dominique Voynet, Monica Frassoni, Philippe Lamberts, Noël Mamère, José Bové, and Yves Cochet.[86] According to the letter, Serra represents "the worst in our society: gender bias, sexism and homophobia, along with the most shady and myopic economic interests."[86]
Brazilian newspaper Brasil de Fato, as well as magazine CartaCapital both declared support for Rousseff's candidacy.[87][88] Rousseff won the Presidency by an approximate margin of 56% to 44%, and took office on January 1, 2011, as the first woman president of the country.[89] She became the third female head of government ever in the history of Brazil, and the first de facto female head of state since the death of Maria I, Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1816.
During her presidential campaign, Rousseff underwent a makeover, replacing glasses with contact lenses, undergoing plastic surgery and adopting a different hairstyle.[90]
- Bulgarian reaction
According to state-owned Bulgarian media, Bulgaria experienced "Dilma fever."[91][92] The local media followed the presidential race in Brazil closely, interested in the election of a half-Bulgarian to rule over the 7th largest economy in the world.[92] In an interview for the 24 Hours newspaper, Rousseff said that she "feel[s] tenderness and love for Bulgaria. I can even say that to a certain extent I do feel like I am Bulgarian, even though I have never been in the country where my father was born. My father died when I was only fifteen years old and I did not have the chance to learn Bulgarian."[93] On November 2010, an exhibition was held in Gabrovo about Rousseff's origins.[94]
After Rousseff's election, Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov promptly invited her for an official visit to the country. During her inauguration, he reiterated the invitation.[95] Since her inauguration, Rousseff has received 21 letters from Bulgarian citizens.[96]
Presidency[link]
Inauguration[link]
Main article: Inauguration of Dilma Rousseff
| Presidential styles of Dilma Rousseff |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | Excelentíssima Senhora Presidente da República "Her Most Excellency Madam President of the Republic" |
| Spoken style | Presidente da República "President of the Republic" |
| Alternative style | Senhora Presidente "Madam President" |
Dilma Rousseff was inaugurated as President of Brazil on January 1, 2011. The event – which was organized by her transitional team, the Ministries of External Relations and Defense and the Presidency of the Republic[97] – was awaited with some expectation, since she became the first woman ever to preside over the country. Important female figures in Brazilian history were honored with panels spread across the Monumental Axis.[98] According to the Military Police of the Federal District, around 30,000 people attended.[99]
Until December 21, 2010, the publishing house of the Senate had printed 1,229 invitations for Rousseff's inauguration.[100] The National Congress expected a total of 2,000 guests for the ceremony.[100] As reported by the press, between 14 and 17 heads of state and government had confirmed their presence.[101][102] Among them were José Sócrates,[103] Juan Manuel Santos, Mauricio Funes, Alan García, José Mujica, Hugo Chávez, Álvaro Colom, Alpha Condé, Sebastián Piñera, Evo Morales,[101] (later canceled due to last minute protests in his country) and Boyko Borisov.[95] U.S. President Barack Obama sent Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton to represent him.[101][104] Former Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso also attended.[101]
In addition to the formal ceremony, Rousseff's inauguration also featured concerts by five female Brazilian singers: Elba Ramalho, Fernanda Takai, Mart'nália and Zélia Duncan, and Gaby Amarantos.[105] The Ministry of Culture organized the cultural part of the event, having provided a budget of 1.5 million reais (around 0.8 million U.S. dollars) for it.[105] The concerts started at 10:00 hours (local time) and stopped at 14:00 hours, with the start of the official inauguration ceremony.[106] The concerts continued at 18:00 hours until 21:00 hours.[106] Rousseff did not attended, as she held a reception at the Itamaraty Palace to foreign authorities present her inauguration.[106] Each foreign authority had the opportunity to talk to her for 30 seconds.[106]
Cabinet[link]
Main article: Cabinet of Brazil
“Besides representing my dear Brazil, I feel, here, today that I stand representing all women in the world, those who suffer from hunger and cannot provide food to their children, those who suffer violence both at their job and in their family lives and those who have been bold and conquered the power that allows me to be here today.” (A remarkable part of Dilma Roussef’s speech at the 66th opening ceremony of the United Nation’s general assembly. She received thunderous applause by many delegations.)
On December 17, 2010, Rousseff received from the Supreme Electoral Court a diploma attesting her victory in the 2010 presidential election, becoming the first woman in the history of Brazil to receive it.[107] She was unable to name all members of her cabinet until that ceremony, as she had desired.[108] Rousseff completed the appointment of all 37 members of her cabinet on December 22, 2010.[109] Although she had projected that 30% of her cabinet would be composed of women,[110][111] the females appointed eventually made up 24% of her cabinet. Rousseff's own Workers' Party (PT) comprised 43% of her cabinet, with 16 members, while 12 other offices were handed out to six out of ten political parties that formed her winning electoral coalition. The remaining 9 cabinet offices, among which were key offices such as the Presidency of the Central Bank of Brazil, the Ministry of External Relations and the Ministry of the Environment, were handed out to non-partisan technical names.[109]
Since she took office, Rousseff has changed the members of her cabinet members four times.[112] She has become the President which promoted the highest number of cabinet changes in the first six months of government.[112] On June 7, 2011, Rousseff's then Chief of Staff and influential PT leader, Antonio Palocci resigned from office due to a scandal involving his personal wealth evolution.[112] On the same day, Paraná Senator Gleisi Hoffmann (also from PT) replaced him.[112] Three days later, Ideli Salvatti – former Santa Catarina Senator for PT and Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture up until then – traded office with Luiz Sérgio – former mayor of Angra dos Reis and licensed federal deputy for Rio de Janeiro (both for PT) and Secretary of Institutional Relations up until that moment.[112] On July 6, Alfredo Nascimento, then Minister of Transportation, left office after allegations that public works were being overbilled.[112] On August 4, Nelson Jobim left the Ministry of Defense after an interview he gave to the Piauí magazine criticizing both Hoffmann and Salvatti.[113] Rousseff named Celso Amorim to replace him.[113] Jobim had previously declared to have voted on José Serra for President.[113] With the changes, the female presence in the cabinet increased to 26%, while the PT presence increased to almost 45%.
Controversy[link]
Rousseff's presidency has seen a concerted push to complete a number of hydroelectric dam projects in the Amazon River Basin, despite appeals from residents of areas that would be flooded, drained or otherwise affected, including indigenous tribes, and pressure from both domestic and international groups to abandon such projects. Opposition to the dam projects, especially the Belo Monte Dam project, is driven by environmental, economic and human rights concerns, the latter concerning both the people to be displaced by the projects and the workers brought in from other parts of Brazil to build the dams. Xingu [disambiguation needed ] (Kayapo) Chief Raoni Metuktire, along with members of other tribes that will be affected by hydroelectric dam projects proposed or already under construction;[114] NGOs based both in Brazil[115] and internationally, including Greenpeace,[116] Amazon Watch[117] and International Rivers;[118] and international celebrities including director James Cameron, actress Sigourney Weaver, and musician Sting[119] are all calling for the Amazon Basin hydroelectric projects to be halted.
Working conditions for laborers involved in these projects — which Rousseff has insisted should continue, and even be accelerated, with some sites seeing multiple work shifts so that construction can continue more than twenty hours per day — are harsh, while pay is low despite high cost of living at the remote construction sites. This has led to strikes and other worker actions at the sites of several hydroelectric projects. In spring of 2012, 17 000 workers at the Jirau Dam site went on strike for over three weeks, and later some began setting fire to dam structures and looting company stores, and even destroying some worker housing. Military troops were eventually deployed to quell the rioting and end the labor strike.[120]
Meanwhile, multiple courts, offices and state governments continue to pursue judicial means of halting dam projects, with the status of the Belo Monte project having been reversed so many times via injunctions and appeals that only the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court remains[121] — along with, theoretically, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (CIDH), which is the judicial body of the Organization of American States (OAS), and has also called on Brazil to halt Belo Monte and other projects which are accused of human rights violations; but President Rousseff has already recalled the Brazilian ambassador to the OAS, and furthermore is withholding Brazil's annual contribution to the CIDH, approximately US$800 000.[122]
International recognition[link]
In October 2010, Rousseff was included in the Forbes' list of the most powerful people in the world, at the 16th position.[123][124] She was the third best placed woman on the list, after Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany, and Sonia Gandhi, President of the Indian National Congress. In August 2011, Rousseff was included in the Forbes' list of the most powerful women in the world, at the 3rd position, behind only Merkel and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton.[125] She climbed from the 95th position on the 2010 list.[126]
On September 20, she received a Woodrow Wilson Public Service Award at the Pierre Hotel in New York City, a distinction which was also given to her predecessor in 2009. On the following day, she became the first woman to open a session of the United Nations General Assembly.[127] Rousseff was featured on the September 26, 2011 cover of Newsweek magazine. During her state visit to Bulgaria, on October 5, 2011, Rousseff was awarded Bulgaria’s highest state honour, the Order of Stara Planina.[128]
References[link]
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- ^ PIZZETTO, Renato. "Nunca vou falar não para o Lula, diz Dilma sobre 2010". Folha da Bahia, April 20, 2008.
- ^ United States Consulate document about Dilma Rousseff, sent to the U.S. Department of State.
- ^ Who Is Who: Bulgarian Origins and Relatives of Brazil's Dilma Rousseff
- ^ LEITÃO, Matheus and RAMOS, Murilo. "Dilma, a poderosa". Época, November 10, 2006.
- ^ "Габровци пожелаха успех на Дилма Русеф" (in Bulgarian). Дарик Габрово. 2010-10-03. http://dariknews.bg/view_article.php?article_id=596542. Retrieved 3 October 2010.
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- ^ Brazil set to cut forest protection Nature. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ Belo Monte Dam Project (slideshow) Greenpeace International official site. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ Stop the Belo Monte Monster Dam! Amazon Watch official site. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ Belo Monte Dam: A spearhead for Brazil’s dam-building attack on Amazonia? International Rivers official site. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ Brazil's Belo Monte dam: a history of celebrity opposition The Telegraph. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ Amid Brazil’s Rush to Develop, Workers Resist The New York Times. Retrieved on 2012-05-10.
- ^ "Brazil court refuses to stop work on Amazon dam". AFP. 9 November 2011. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gvuxZfyZs0sBsBi8FyWEVisO2I7A?docId=CNG.209ec9a2ad059c4ffb6b615044e67c53.b51. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
- ^ "Brazil furious with Human Rights Commission decision cuts all relations". MercoPress / South Atlantic News Agency. 30 April 2012. http://en.mercopress.com/2011/04/30/brazil-furious-with-human-rights-commission-decision-cuts-all-relations. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
- ^ Em ranking da 'Forbes', Dilma é a 16ª pessoa mais poderosa do mundo G1.com.br. Retrieved on 2010-11-06. (Portuguese).
- ^ Dilma Rousseff Forbes magazine. Retrieved on 2010-11-04.
- ^ Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/wealth/power-women.
- ^ [9]
- ^ Brazilian leader is first-ever woman to open U.N. speeches CNN. Retrieved on 2011-09-21.
- ^ Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff officially welcomed to Bulgaria The Sofia Echo. Retrieved on 2011-10-05.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Dilma Rousseff |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dilma Rousseff |
Official
- (Portuguese) Official website of the Presidency of Brazil
- (Portuguese) Official website of Dilma Rousseff
- (Portuguese) Official Twitter account
- (Portuguese) Official YouTube account
- (Portuguese) Official Facebook page
- (English) Biography at Portal Brasil
News media
- (Portuguese) Interview with Dilma Rousseff at Jornal Nacional on August 9, 2010
- (Portuguese) Interview with Dilma Rousseff at Jornal Nacional on October 18, 2010
- (English) Article at The New York Times
- (English) Article at BBC News
- (English) Video report by Democracy Now!
- (English) Video report by Democracy Now!
- (English) Slideshow by Der Spiegel
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Francisco Luiz Sibut Gomide |
Minister of Mines and Energy 2003–2005 |
Succeeded by Silas Rondeau |
| Preceded by José Dirceu |
Chief of Staff of Brazil 2005–2010 |
Succeeded by Erenice Guerra |
| Preceded by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
President of Brazil 2011–present |
Incumbent |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
Workers' Party nominee for President of Brazil 2010 |
Most recent |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rousseff, Dilma |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Brazilian politician |
| Date of birth | December 14, 1947 |
| Place of birth | Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Related pages:
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http://cs.wn.com/Dilma Rousseffová
http://id.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://es.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://ru.wn.com/Русеф, Дилма
http://pt.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://pl.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://fr.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://de.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
http://hi.wn.com/डिल्मा रॉसेफ
http://nl.wn.com/Dilma Rousseff
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
