Jerboa Temporal range: Middle Miocene - Recent
Jaculus jaculus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Superfamily:	Dipodoidea
Family:	Dipodidae Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
Genera
10 genera in 5 subfamilies

The jerboa (from Arabic جربوع jarbūʕ) form the bulk of the membership of the family Dipodidae. Jerboas are hopping desert rodents found throughout Northern Africa and Asia east to northern China and Manchuria.^[1] They tend to be found in hot deserts.^[1]

They look like kangaroos due to having many similarities such as long hind legs, very short forelegs, and long tails. Jerboas move around their environment the same way a kangaroo does, which is by hopping. The tail of a jerboa can be longer than its head and body and it is common to see a white cluster of hair at the end of the tail. The tail of a jerboa is used to balance the creature when it is hopping and "as a prop when the jerboa is sitting upright". The fur of a jerboa is fine and is usually the color of sand, this color in most cases matches the environment the jerboa lives in (an example of cryptic coloration).^[1][2] Some species of the jerboa family have long ears like a rabbit and others have ears that are short like those of a mouse. Most jerboas are known to eat plants. Some species will eat beetles and other insects they come across, but they can not eat hard seeds. Unlike gerbils, jerboas are not known to store food. When chased, jerboas can run at up to 15 miles per hour.^[1] Some species are prey for Little Owls (Athene noctua) in central Asia. Most species of jerboa have excellent hearing which allows them to avoid becoming the prey of these nocturnal predators. The typical lifespan of a jerboa is two to three years.^[2]

Behavior[link]

Jerboas are nocturnal.^[3] During the heat of the day they shelter in burrows. At night they leave the burrows due to the cooler temperature of their environment. The entrances to their burrow are found near plant life especially along field borders, but during the rainy season their tunnels are in mounds or hills. Building tunnels in these places reduces the risk of flooding. In the summer, jerboas that are occupying a hole plug the entrance to keep out hot air and, as some researchers speculate, predators.^[1] In most cases burrows have an emergency exit that ends just below the surface or opens at the surface, but is not strongly obstructed. This allows the jerboa to quickly escape predators. According to the animal diversity web: "Related jerboas often create four different types of burrows. A temporary, summer day burrow is used for cover while hunting during the daylight. They will have a second, temporary burrow used for hunting at night. They will also have two permanent burrows one for summer and one for winter. The permanent summer burrow is actively used throughout the summer and the young are raised there. Jerboas hibernate during the winter and use the permanent winter burrow for this. Temporary burrows are shorter in length than permanent burrows."^[2] Jerboas are known to be solitary creatures. Once they reach adulthood, jerboas usually have their own burrow and search for food on their own, not in groups. However, occasional "loose colonies" may be formed, whereby "some species of jerboa dig communal burrows which offer extra warmth when it is cold outside".^[1]

Communication and perception[link]

"Many species within the family Dipodidae participate in dust bathing. Dust bathing is often a way to use chemical communication. Their keen hearing suggests they may use sounds or vibrations to communicate."^[2]

Reproduction[link]

"Mating systems of closely related species in the family Dipodidae suggest that they may be polygynous. For some closely related jerboa species mating usually happens a short time after awaking from winter hibernation. A female will breed twice during the summer season and raise between 2 to 6 young. Gestation time is between 25 and 35 days. Little is known about parental investment in long-eared jerboas. Like most mammals, females nurse and care for their young at least until they are weaned."^[2]

Classification[link]

Skeleton of a Jerboa

• ORDER RODENTIA
• Family Dipodidae
  • Subfamily Zapodinae: jumping mice, 4 species in 3 genera
  • Subfamily Sicistinae: birch mice
  • Subfamily Cardiocraniinae
    • Cardiocranius
      • Five-toed Pygmy Jerboa, Cardiocranius paradoxus
    • Salpingotus
      • Thick-tailed Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus crassicauda
      • Heptner's Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus heptneri
      • Kozlov's Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus kozlovi
      • Baluchistan Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus michaelis
      • Pallid Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus pallidus
      • Thomas's Pygmy Jerboa, Salpingotus thomasi
  • Subfamily Dipodinae
    • Dipus
      • Northern Three-toed Jerboa, Dipus sagitta
    • Eremodipus
      • Lichtenstein's Jerboa, Eremodipus lichensteini
    • Jaculus
      • Blanford's Jerboa, Jaculus blanfordi
      • Lesser Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus jaculus
      • Greater Egyptian Jerboa, Jaculus orientalis
      • Turkmen Jerboa, Jaculus turcmenicus
    • Stylodipus
      • Andrews's Three-toed Jerboa, Stylodipus andrewsi
      • Mongolian Three-toed Jerboa, Stylodipus sungorus
      • Thick-tailed Three-toed Jerboa, Stylodipus telum
  • Subfamily Euchoreutinae
    • Euchoreutes
      • Long-eared Jerboa, Euchoreutes naso
  • Subfamily Allactaginae
    • Allactaga
      • Balikun Jerboa, Allactaga balikunica
      • Gobi Jerboa, Allactaga bullata
      • Small Five-toed Jerboa, Allactaga elater
      • Euphrates Jerboa, Allactaga euphratica
      • Iranian Jerboa, Allactaga firouzi
      • Hotson's Jerboa, Allactaga hotsoni
      • Great Jerboa, Allactaga major
      • Severtzov's Jerboa, Allactaga severtzovi
      • Mongolian Five-toed Jerboa, Allactaga sibirica
      • Four-toed Jerboa, Allactaga tetradactyla
      • Vinogradov's Jerboa, Allactaga vinogradovi
      • Bobrinski's Jerboa, Allactodipus bobrinskii
    • Pygeretmus
      • Lesser Fat-tailed Jerboa, Pygeretmus platyurus
      • Dwarf Fat-tailed Jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio
      • Greater Fat-tailed Jerboa, Pygeretmus shitkovi
  • Subfamily Paradipodinae
    • Paradipus
      • Comb-toed Jerboa, Paradipus ctenodactylus

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Maurice Burton; Robert Burton (1970). The international wildlife encyclopedia. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 1323–. ISBN 978-0-7614-7266-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=2wwBy1pEw5wC&pg=PA1323. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Swanson, N.; Yahnke, C. (2007). "Euchoreutes naso". Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euchoreutes_naso.html. Retrieved 04 January 2012. 
3. ^ Britannica Educational Publishing (1 January 2011). Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-1-61530-414-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=rLZQrmRQafcC&pg=PA8. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 

External links[link]

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• Long Eared Jerboa caught on film BBC - retrieved 10th Dec 2007