Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

Related Topics

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Linear Equations
• Applied Physics
• Nano Technology
• Engineering Sciences
• Mathematical Medicine
• Fluid dynamics
• Computational Mathematics
• Gamma Ray Optics
• Onfrared Optics
• Relative Velocity
• Iciam
• Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience Research
• Quantum Cosmology
• Brain Research

• Aegean Sea
• Aeolians
• Aeolic Greek
• Aeolis
• Aeolus
• Aeschylus
• Aesop
• Aetolia
• Agora
• Alcaeus of Mytilene
• Alcibiades
• Alexander the Great
• Alexandria
• Anatolia
• Anaxagoras
• Anaximander
• Ancient Corinth
• Ancient Greece
• Ancient Greek
• Ancient Greek law
• Ancient Greek temple
• Ancient Greeks
• Antioch
• Antisthenes
• Apella
• Arcadocypriot Greek
• Archaic Greece
• Archilochus
• Archimedes
• Archons of Athens
• Areopagus
• Aristophanes
• Aristotle
• Army of Macedon
• Aspasia
• Athenian democracy
• Athenian festivals
• Attalid dynasty
• Attic Greek
• Attic numerals
• Bacchylides
• Boeotia
• Classical Athens
• Classical Greece
• Companion cavalry
• Crete
• Cyprus
• Dardanelles
• Delos
• Delphi
• Democritus
• Demosthenes
• Diadochi
• Diogenes of Sinope
• Dorian invasion
• Doric Greek
• Doris (Asia Minor)
• Elis
• Empedocles
• Epaminondas
• Ephesus
• Epicurus
• Euclid
• Euripides
• Gorgias
• Graphē paranómōn
• Greece
• Greek alphabet
• Greek astronomy
• Greek Dark Ages
• Greek language
• Greek mathematics
• Greek numerals
• Greeks
• Heliaia
• Hellen
• Hellenistic armies
• Hellenistic Greece
• Heraclitus
• Herodotus
• Hesiod
• Hipparchus
• Hippocrates
• Hipponax
• Homer
• Homeric Greek
• Hoplite
• Hypatia
• Ibycus
• Ionia
• Ionian Sea
• Ionic Greek
• King of Athens
• Kings of Macedon
• Koine Greek
• League of Corinth
• Leonidas I
• Lesbos Island
• Leucippus
• Linear A
• Linear B
• Locrian Greek
• Locris
• Lucian
• Lycurgus of Sparta
• Lysander
• Magna Graecia
• Menander
• Messenia
• Miletus
• Milo of Croton
• Mimnermus
• Minoan civilization
• Mycenaean Greece
• Mycenaean Greek
• Olympia, Greece
• Paideia
• Pamphylian Greek
• Parmenides
• Parthenon
• Patriarch
• Pausanias (general)
• Pelasgians
• Peloponnese
• Peltast
• Pergamon
• Pericles
• Pezhetairos
• Phalanx formation
• Philip II of Macedon
• Pindar
• Plato
• Plutarch
• Polybius
• Pontus
• Protagoras
• Proto-Greek language
• Ptolemy
• Pyrrhus of Epirus
• Pythagoras
• Rhodes
• Roman Greece
• Sappho
• Sarissa
• Seleucid army
• Simonides of Ceos
• Socrates
• Solon
• Sophocles
• Sparta
• Spartan Army
• Stesichorus
• Temple of Artemis
• Temple of Hephaestus
• Temple of Zeus
• Thales of Miletus
• Themistocles
• Theognis of Megara
• Thermopylae
• Thessaly
• Thucydides
• Timocreon
• Troy
• Tyrtaeus
• Wikipedia Stub
• Xenophon
• Xyston
• Zeno of Citium
• 
  

• 
  Acropolis of Athens
  The Acropolis of Athens or Citadel of Athens is the best known acropolis (Gr. akros, akron, edge, extremity + polis, city, pl. acropoleis) in the world. Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as The Acropolis without qualification. The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the pre-eminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007. The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock that rises above sea level in the city of Athens, with a surface area of about 3 hectares. It was also known as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the first Athenian king.
  http://wn.com/Acropolis_of_Athens
• 
  Aegean Sea
  The Aegean Sea (, Egeo Pelagos ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.
  http://wn.com/Aegean_Sea
• Alexandria
  http://wn.com/Alexandria
• 
  Anatolia
  Anatolia (, from Greek '; also Asia Minor, from , ') is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the archeologically richest areas in the world.
  http://wn.com/Anatolia
• Antioch
  http://wn.com/Antioch
• 
  Areopagus
  :This article concerns the place where a classical judicial body met. It is also the term for the judicial body which met there. For the 16th century literary movement, see Areopagus (poetry). For the regional government during the Greek War of Independence, see Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece. For the modern Greek Supreme Court, see Court of Cassation (Greece).
  http://wn.com/Areopagus
• Attalid dynasty
  The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.
  http://wn.com/Attalid_dynasty
• Boeotia
  http://wn.com/Boeotia
• 
  Classical Athens
  The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508-322 BC) was a notable polis (city-state) of Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Hippias. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War) . The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.
  http://wn.com/Classical_Athens
• Crete
  http://wn.com/Crete
• Cyprus
  http://wn.com/Cyprus
• 
  Dardanelles
  The Dardanelles (, ), formerly known as the Hellespont
  http://wn.com/Dardanelles
• Ephesus
  http://wn.com/Ephesus
• Greece
  http://wn.com/Greece
• 
  Ionian Sea
  The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, and by southwestern Albania, including Saranda and Himara, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east. The islands are collectively referred to as the Ionian Islands, and other islands include the Strophades, Sphagia, Schiza, Sapientza and Kythira. The sea is one of the most seismic areas in the world.
  http://wn.com/Ionian_Sea
• Lesbos Island
  http://wn.com/Lesbos_Island
• Messenia
  http://wn.com/Messenia
• Miletus
  http://wn.com/Miletus
• 
  Parthenon
  The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: ) is a temple in the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their protector. Its construction began in 447 BCE and was completed in 438 BCE, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 431 BCE. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a programme of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.
  http://wn.com/Parthenon
• Peloponnese
  http://wn.com/Peloponnese
• Pergamon
  http://wn.com/Pergamon
• Sparta
  http://wn.com/Sparta
• Temple of Hephaestus
  http://wn.com/Temple_of_Hephaestus
• 
  Temple of Zeus
  The Temple of Zeus at Olympia, was an ancient Greek temple in Olympia, Greece, dedicated to the chief of the gods, Zeus. It was the very model of the fully-developed classical Greek temple of the Doric order. The temple, built between 472 and 456 BC, stood in the most famous sanctuary of Greece, which had been dedicated to local and Pan-Hellenic deities and had probably been established towards the end of the Mycenaean period. The Altis, the enclosure with its sacred grove, open-air altars and the tumulus of Pelops, was first formed during the tenth and ninth centuries BCE, when the cult of Zeus was joined the already establish cult here of Hera.
  http://wn.com/Temple_of_Zeus
• Thermopylae
  http://wn.com/Thermopylae
• Troy
  http://wn.com/Troy

• Aeolians
  The Aeolians () were one of the four major ancient Greek tribes, into which the people of ancient Greece were divided. They spoke their own dialect of ancient Greek called Aeolic, while their name comes from Aeolus, the mythical ancestor of the Aeolic branch and son of Hellen, the mythical patriarch of the Greek nation.
  http://wn.com/Aeolians
• Aeschylus
  http://wn.com/Aeschylus
• Aesop
  http://wn.com/Aesop
• Alcaeus of Mytilene
  http://wn.com/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene
• Alcibiades
  http://wn.com/Alcibiades
• Alexander the Great
  http://wn.com/Alexander_the_Great
• 
  Anaxagoras
  Anaxagoras (, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 BC – 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae in Asia Minor, Anaxagoras was the first philosopher to bring philosophy from Ionia to Athens. He attempted to give a scientific account of eclipses, meteors, rainbows, and the sun, which he described as a fiery mass larger than the Peloponnese. He was accused of contravening the established religion and was forced to flee to Lampsacus.
  http://wn.com/Anaxagoras
• Anaximander
  http://wn.com/Anaximander
• 
  Antisthenes
  Antisthenes (; c. 445-c. 365 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates. Antisthenes first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent disciple of Socrates. He adopted and developed the ethical side of Socrates' teachings, advocating an ascetic life lived in accordance with virtue. Later writers regarded him as the founder of Cynic philosophy.
  http://wn.com/Antisthenes
• 
  Archilochus
  :For the hummingbird genus, see ''Archilochus.
  http://wn.com/Archilochus
• Archimedes
  http://wn.com/Archimedes
• Aristophanes
  http://wn.com/Aristophanes
• Aristotle
  http://wn.com/Aristotle
• 
  Aspasia
  Aspasia (ca. 470 BC–ca. 400 BC, Greek: ) was a Milesian woman who was famous for her involvement with the Athenian statesman Pericles. Very little is known about the details of her life. She spent most of her adult life in Athens, and she may have influenced Pericles and Athenian politics. She is mentioned in the writings of Plato, Aristophanes, Xenophon, and other authors of the day.
  http://wn.com/Aspasia
• 
  Bacchylides
  Bacchylides () (5th century BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets which included his uncle Simonides. The elegance and polished style of his lyrics have been a commonplace of Bacchylidean scholarship since at least Longinus (De Sublimitate 33,5). Some scholars however have associated these qualities with superficial charm. He has often been compared unfavourably with his contemporary, Pindar, as "a kind of Boccherini to Pindar's Haydn", yet the differences in their styles doesn't allow for easy comparison and "to blame Bacchylides for not being Pindar is as childish a judgement as to condemn...Marvel for missing the grandeur of Milton." His career coincided with the ascendency of dramatic styles of poetry, as embodied in the works of Aeschylus or Sophocles, and he is in fact one of the last poets of major significance within the more ancient tradition of purely lyric poetry. The most notable features of his lyrics are their clarity in expression and simplicity of thought, making them an ideal introduction to the study of Greek lyric poetry in general and to Pindar's verse in particular.
  http://wn.com/Bacchylides
• Democritus
  http://wn.com/Democritus
• Demosthenes
  http://wn.com/Demosthenes
• 
  Diogenes of Sinope
  Diogenes of Sinope ( Diogenes ho Sinopeus), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Also known as Diogenes the Cynic, he was born in Sinope (modern-day Sinop, Turkey) in 412 or 404 BCE
  http://wn.com/Diogenes_of_Sinope
• Empedocles
  http://wn.com/Empedocles
• 
  Epaminondas
  Epaminondas (Greek: ) (ca. 410 BC – 362 BC) or Epameinondas was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent position in Greek politics. In the process he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years, having been defeated in the Messenian War ending in 600 BC. Epaminondas reshaped the political map of Greece, fragmented old alliances, created new ones, and supervised the construction of entire cities. He was militarily influential as well, inventing and implementing several major battlefield tactics.
  http://wn.com/Epaminondas
• Epicurus
  http://wn.com/Epicurus
• Euclid
  http://wn.com/Euclid
• Euripides
  http://wn.com/Euripides
• Gorgias
  Gorgias (, ca. 485-c.380 BCE) "the Nihilist", Greek sophist, pre-socratic philosopher and rhetorician, was a native of Leontini in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first generation of Sophists. Several doxographers report that he was a pupil of Empedocles, although he would only have been a few years younger. "Like other Sophists he was an itinerant, practicing in various cities and giving public exhibitions of his skill at the great pan-Hellenic centers of Olympia and Delphi, and charged fees for his instruction and performances. A special feature of his displays was to invite miscellaneous questions from the audience and give impromptu replies."
  http://wn.com/Gorgias
• 
  Greeks
  Ethnic group
  http://wn.com/Greeks
• 
  Heraclitus
  Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: — ; c. 535–c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called "The Obscure," and the "Weeping Philosopher."
  http://wn.com/Heraclitus
• Herodotus
  http://wn.com/Herodotus
• Hesiod
  http://wn.com/Hesiod
• Hipparchus
  http://wn.com/Hipparchus
• Hippocrates
  http://wn.com/Hippocrates
• 
  Hipponax
  Hipponax of Ephesus was an Ancient Greek iambic poet.
  http://wn.com/Hipponax
• Homer
  http://wn.com/Homer
• Hypatia
  http://wn.com/Hypatia
• Ibycus
  Ibycus (Ancient Greek: ) (6th century BC), was an Ancient Greek lyric poet. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. The extant fragments of his work contain the earliest-known example of the triadic choral lyric and epinician poetry.
  http://wn.com/Ibycus
• Leonidas I
  http://wn.com/Leonidas_I
• Leucippus
  http://wn.com/Leucippus
• Lycurgus of Sparta
  http://wn.com/Lycurgus_of_Sparta
• Lysander
  http://wn.com/Lysander
• Milo of Croton
  http://wn.com/Milo_of_Croton
• 
  Parmenides
  Parmenides of Elea (Greek: ; fl. early 5th century BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy. The single known work of Parmenides is a poem which has survived only in fragmentary form. In this poem, Parmenides describes two views of reality. In The Way of Truth (a part of the poem), he explains how reality is one, change is impossible, and existence is timeless, uniform, and unchanging. In The Way of Opinion, he explains the world of appearances, which is false and deceitful. These thoughts strongly influenced Plato, and through him, the whole of Western philosophy.
  http://wn.com/Parmenides
• Pausanias (general)
  http://wn.com/Pausanias_(general)
• Pericles
  http://wn.com/Pericles
• Philip II of Macedon
  http://wn.com/Philip_II_of_Macedon
• Pindar
  http://wn.com/Pindar
• Plato
  :For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
  http://wn.com/Plato
• Plutarch
  http://wn.com/Plutarch
• Polybius
  http://wn.com/Polybius
• Protagoras
  Protagoras (Greek: ) (ca. 490– 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the professional sophist or teacher of virtue. He is also believed to have created a major controversy during ancient times through his statement that man is the measure of all things. This idea was very revolutionary for the time and contrasting to other philosophical doctrines that claimed the universe was based on something objective, outside the human influence.
  http://wn.com/Protagoras
• Ptolemy
  http://wn.com/Ptolemy
• 
  Pyrrhus of Epirus
  Pyrrhus or Pyrrhos (, Pyrros; 319-272 BC) was a Greek general of the Hellenistic era. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from ca. 297 BC), and later he became King of Epirus (306-302, 297-272 BC) and Macedon (288-284, 273-272 BC). He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome. Some of his battles, though successful, cost him heavy losses, from which the term "Pyrrhic victory" was coined. He is the subject of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives.
  http://wn.com/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus
• 
  Pythagoras
  Pythagoras of Samos (, O Pythagoras o Samios, "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply ; c. 570-c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of our information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, thus very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and may have travelled widely in his youth, visiting Egypt and other places seeking knowledge. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, and there set up a religious sect. His followers pursued the religious rites and practices developed by Pythagoras, and studied his philosophical theories. The society took an active role in the politics of Croton, but this eventually led to their downfall. The Pythagorean meeting-places were burned, and Pythagoras was forced to flee the city. He is said to have ended his days in Metapontum.
  http://wn.com/Pythagoras
• 
  Sappho
  Sappho ( in English; Attic Greek ' , Aeolic Greek ' ) was an Ancient Greek poet, born on the island of Lesbos. Later Greeks included her in the list of nine lyric poets. Her birth was sometime between 630 and 612 BC, and it is said that she died around 570 BC, but little is known for certain about her life. The bulk of her poetry, which was well-known and greatly admired throughout antiquity, has been lost, but her immense reputation has endured through surviving fragments.
  http://wn.com/Sappho
• Simonides of Ceos
  http://wn.com/Simonides_of_Ceos
• Socrates
  http://wn.com/Socrates
• 
  Solon
  Solon (ancient Greek: , c. 638 BC–558 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
  http://wn.com/Solon
• Sophocles
  http://wn.com/Sophocles
• 
  Stesichorus
  Stesichorus (Ancient Greek: , circa 640 - 555 BC) was the first great poet of the Greek West. He is best known for telling epic stories in lyric metres but he is also famous for some ancient traditions about his life, such as his opposition to the tyrant Phalaris, and the blindness he is said to have incurred and cured by composing verses first insulting and then flattering to Helen of Troy. He was ranked among the nine lyric poets esteemed by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria and yet his work attracted relatively little interest among ancient commentators, which in turn left a disproportionate number of gaps in the modern record as one scholar observed in 1967: "Time has dealt more harshly with Stesichorus than with any other major lyric poet." Recent discoveries, recorded on Egyptian papyrus (notably and controversially, the Lille papyrus, in 1974), have enhanced modern understanding of his work, confirming his role as a link between Homer's epic narrative and the lyric narrative of poets like Pindar.
  http://wn.com/Stesichorus
• Thales of Miletus
  http://wn.com/Thales_of_Miletus
• 
  Themistocles
  Themistocles (Greek: ; "Glory of the Law"); c. 524–459 BC, was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy, along with his great rival Aristides. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he took steps to increase the naval power of Athens, which would be a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon, and was possibly one of the 10 Athenian strategoi (generals) in that battle.
  http://wn.com/Themistocles
• Thucydides
  http://wn.com/Thucydides
• Timocreon
  Timocreon, of Ialysus in Rhodes, was a Greek lyric poet who flourished about 480 BC.
  http://wn.com/Timocreon
• Xenophon
  http://wn.com/Xenophon
• Zeno of Citium
  http://wn.com/Zeno_of_Citium

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