Coordinates | 37°43′49″N88°55′49″N |
---|---|
name | Buenaventura Durruti |
birth name | José Buenaventura Durruti Dumange |
birth date | July 14, 1896 |
birth place | León, Spain |
death date | November 20, 1936 |
death place | Madrid, Spain |
occupation | Mechanic }} |
During his exile, Durruti worked in Paris as a mechanic. In 1920, he was persuaded to go to Barcelona to organise the workers there. In Catalonia, with Juan García Oliver, Francisco Ascaso, and a number of other anarchists, he founded ''Los Solidarios'' ("Solidarity"). Members of this group attempted unsuccessfully to murder King Alfonso XIII. In 1923 the group was also implicated in the assassination of Cardinal Juan Soldevilla y Romero, as a reprisal for the killing of an anarcho-syndicalist union activist Salvador Seguí. After Miguel Primo de Rivera seized power in Spain in 1923, Durruti and his comrades organized attacks on the military barracks in Barcelona and on the border stations near France. These attacks were unsuccessful and quite a few anarchists were killed. Following these defeats, Durruti, Ascaso and Oliver fled to Argentina. They subsequently travelled widely in Latin America, visiting Cuba and elsewhere.
Durruti and his companions returned to Spain and Barcelona, becoming an influential militant within two of the largest anarchist organisations in Spain at the time, the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI), and of the anarcho-syndicalist trade union Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). The influence Durruti's group gained inside the CNT caused a split, with a reformist faction under Ángel Pestaña leaving in 1931 and subsequently forming the Syndicalist Party.
Another account of Durruti's death, given in ''Durruti: The People Armed'' by Abel Paz, claims that rather than being shot by a fellow soldier he was killed by distant gunfire coming from the area around the Clinical Hospital in University City (Madrid), which had been taken over by Nationalist forces. After a fight to regain control and contact was re-established with troops cut off from communications, Durruti returned temporarily to the Miguel-Angel barracks to issue orders. A message from Liberto Roig arrived informing Durruti that the Clinical Hospital was in the process of being evacuated. Alarmed, he asked his Chauffeur Julio Grave to get his car and leave immediately for the Hospital. His chauffeur gives the following testimonial:
We passed a little group of hotels which are at the bottom of this avenue (Queen Victoria Avenue) and we turned towards the right. Arriving at the big street, we saw a group of militiamen coming towards us. Durruti thought it was some young men who were leaving the front. This area was completely destroyed by the bullets coming from the Clinical Hospital, which had been taken during these days by the Moors and which dominated all the environs. Durruti had me stop the car which I parked in the angle of one of those little hotels as a precaution. Durruti got out of the auto and went towards the militiamen. He asked them where they were going. As they didn't know what to say, he ordered them to return to the front. The militiamen obeyed and Durruti returned towards the car. The rain of bullets became stronger. From the vast red heap of the clinical Hospital, the Moors and the Guardia Civil were shooting furiously. Reaching the door of the machine, Durruti collapsed, a bullet through his chest.
He died on 20 November 1936, in a makeshift operating theatre set up in what was formerly the Ritz Hotel at the age of 40. The bullet was lodged in the heart, and the diagnosis was "death caused by pleural hemorrhage". The doctors wrote a report in which the path of the bullet and the character of the wound was recorded but not the calibre of the bullet, since they hadn't removed it and there was no autopsy.
Durruti's body was transported across country to Barcelona for his funeral. Over a half million people filled the streets to accompany the cortege during its route to the Montjuïc Cemetery. It was the last large-scale public demonstration of anarchist strength of numbers during the bitter and bloody Civil War.
Hugh Thomas remarks: “the death of Durruti marked the end of the classic age of Spanish Anarchism. An Anarchist poet proclaimed that Durruti’s nobility while living would cause ‘a legion of Durrutis’ to spring up behind him.”
Category:1896 births Category:1936 deaths Category:People from León, Spain Category:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members Category:Murdered anarchists Category:Spanish anarchists Category:Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War Category:Spanish generals Category:Spanish military personnel killed in action Category:Deaths by firearm in Spain Category:Anarcho-syndicalists Category:Anarchist partisans Category:Anarchist assassins Category:Burials at Montjuïc Cemetery
an:Buenaventura Durruti ast:Buenaventura Durruti br:Buenaventura Durruti bg:Буенавентура Дурути ca:Buenaventura Durruti cs:Buenaventura Durruti de:Buenaventura Durruti el:Μπουεναβεντούρα Ντουρρούτι es:Buenaventura Durruti eo:Buenaventura Durruti eu:Buenaventura Durruti fa:بونونتورا دوروتی fr:Buenaventura Durruti gl:Buenaventura Durruti ko:부에나벤투라 두루티 id:Buenaventura Durruti it:Buenaventura Durruti nl:Buenaventura Durruti no:Buenaventura Durruti nn:Buenaventura Durruti pl:Buenaventura Durruti pt:Buenaventura Durruti ru:Дуррути, Буэнавентура simple:Buenaventura Durruti sk:Buenaventura Durruti sr:Буенавентура Дурути sh:Buenaventura Durruti sv:Buenaventura Durruti tr:Buenaventura DurrutiThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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