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Sobriety checkpoint in Germany

Driving under the influence (DUI) (driving while intoxicated (DWI), drunken driving, drunk driving, operating under the influence, drinking and driving, impaired driving) is the act of driving a motor vehicle with blood levels of alcohol in excess of a legal limit. Similar regulations cover driving or operating certain types of machinery while affected by drinking alcohol or taking other drugs. This is a criminal offense in most countries. Convictions do not necessarily involve actual driving of the vehicle.^[1]

In most jurisdictions a measurement such as a blood alcohol content in excess of a defined level, such as 0.05% or 0.08% defines the offense, with no need to prove impairment or being under the influence of alcohol. In some jurisdictions, there is an aggravated category of the offense at e.g. 0.12%. In most countries, anyone who is convicted of injuring or killing someone while under the influence of alcohol or drugs can be heavily fined, as in France, in addition to being given a lengthy prison sentence.

Many states in the U.S.A. and provinces in Canada have adopted truth in sentencing laws that enforce strict guidelines on sentencing, differing from previous practice where prison time was reduced or suspended after sentencing had been issued.

The specific criminal offense may be called, depending on the jurisdiction, driving under the influence [of alcohol or other drugs] (DUI), driving under intense influence (DUII), driving while intoxicated (DWI), "operating under the influence" (OUI) operating while intoxicated (OWI), operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated (OMVI), driving under the combined influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, driving under the influence per se or drunk in charge [of a vehicle]. Many such laws apply also to boating, piloting aircraft, or cycling, possibly with different blood alcohol contents than driving. In some jurisdictions there are separate charges depending on the vehicle used, such as BWI (bicycling while intoxicated), which may carry a lighter sentence. In the United States, local law enforcement agencies made 1,467,300 arrests nationwide for driving under the influence of alcohol in 1996, compared to 1.9 million such arrests during the peak year in 1983.^[2] In 1997 an estimated 513,200 DWI offenders were in prison or jail, down from 593,000 in 1990 and up from 270,100 in 1986.^[3]

Blood alcohol level (BAC)[link]

Relative risk of an accident based on blood alcohol levels.^[4]

With the advent of a scientific test for blood alcohol content (BAC), enforcement regimes moved to pinning culpability for the offense to strict liability based on driving while having more than a prescribed amount of blood alcohol, although this does not preclude the simultaneous existence of the older subjective tests. BAC is most conveniently measured as a simple percent of alcohol in the blood by weight. It does not depend on any units of measurement. In Europe it is usually expressed as milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. However, 100 milliliters of blood weighs essentially the same as 100 milliliters of water, which weighs precisely 100 grams. Thus, for all practical purposes, this is the same as the simple dimensionless BAC measured as a percent. The per mille (promille) measurement, which is equal to ten times the percentage value, is used in Sweden and Finland.

The validity of the testing equipment/methods and mathematical relationships for the measurement of breath and blood alcohol have been criticized. (Taylor 2007)

Driving while consuming alcohol may be illegal within a jurisdiction. In some it is illegal for an open container of an alcoholic beverage to be in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle or in some specific area of that compartment. In some it may be illegal to be asleep in the driver's seat of a vehicle without any intention to drive.^[5]

The German model serves to reduce the number of accidents by identifying unfit drivers and removing them from traffic until their fitness to drive has been established again. The Medical Psychological Assessment (MPA) works for a prognosis of the fitness for drive in future, has an interdisciplinary basic approach and offers the chance of individual rehabilitation to the offender.^[6]

George Smith, a London taxi driver, was the first person to be convicted of drunk driving, on 10 September 1897. He was fined 25 shillings, which is equivalent to £71.33 in 2005 pounds.^[7][8]

Field sobriety testing[link]

Historically, guilt was established by observed driving symptoms, such as weaving; administering field sobriety tests, such as a walking a straight line heel-to-toe or standing on one leg for 30 seconds; and the arresting officer's subjective opinion of impairment. The officer must correctly perform the Field Sobriety Tests (FSTs) that are approved by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA). The US Department of Transportation explains the Field Sobriety Test as, "a battery of three tests administered and evaluated in a standardized manner to obtain validated indicators of impairment and establish probable cause for arrest."^[9] Starting with the introduction in Norway in 1936 of the world’s first per se law which made it an offense to drive with more than a specified amount of alcohol in the body, objective chemical tests have gradually supplanted the earlier purely judgmental ones. Limits for chemical tests are specific for blood alcohol concentration or concentration of alcohol in breath.

Drunk driving law by country[link]

The laws relating to drunk driving vary between countries and varying blood alcohol content is allowed before a conviction is made. ^[10]

See also[link]

• Breathalyzer
• Driving license
• Drunk drivers
• Drunk walking
• DWI court
• Expungement
• Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
• National Motorists Association
• Remove Intoxicated Drivers
• Sobriety checkpoints
• Cannabis drug testing

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Drunk driving

• Impaired Driving, MedlinePlus

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Phillip LaDon Phillips, Jr. (born September 20, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter from Leesburg, Georgia, and the winner of the eleventh season of American Idol.^[1][2][3]

Early life[link]

Phillips was born in Leesburg, Georgia, the son of Sheryl (née LaDon) and Phillip Phillips, Sr.^[4][5] He grew up in Sasser and Leesburg, and attended Lee County High School.^[2] He graduated from Albany Technical College with a major in Industrial Systems Technology, but missed the graduation ceremony due to his obligations to American Idol.^[6] Prior to appearing on American Idol, he worked at his family's pawn shop.

Phillips said his favorite singer is Jonny Lang, and other favorites include John Butler, Dave Matthews and Damien Rice.^[7] He described his music as "jazz, rock alternative sound".^[8] Phillips was mentored by long time friend and brother-in-law Benjamin Neil.

[edit] American Idol

Overview[link]

Phillips auditioned in Savannah, Georgia.^[9] He sang "Superstition" by Stevie Wonder.^[9][10] The judges then asked him to perform a second song with his guitar, and he performed Michael Jackson's "Thriller."^[9][10] He advanced to the Hollywood rounds,^[9] and later to the Las Vegas round.^[11]

On February 23, 2012, Phillips was chosen as one of the Top 25 semi-finalists.^[12] After the Top 13 performance night, Phillips was taken to a doctor for possible kidney stones.^[13][14] Phillips became the winner on the finale of American Idol on May 23, 2012, against Jessica Sanchez after a record-breaking total of 132 million votes were cast.^[1] His coronation song "Home" was released after his performance.

Performances/results[link]

• ^Note 1 Due to the judges using their one save on Jessica Sanchez, the Top 7 remained intact for another week.
• ^Note 2 "Home" had previously been performed by Holden, a co-writer of the song; it had not appeared on any of his recordings.

Discography[link]

Digital albums[link]

Other albums[link]

• American Idol: Season Finale #56 CAN^[17]

Singles[link]

Other charted songs[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• phillipphillips.com Official Site
• pphillipsonline.com Phillip Phillips Online Fan Club
• Phillip Phillips on American Idol

This article or section reads like a news release, or is otherwise written in an overly promotional tone. Please help by either rewriting this article from a neutral point of view or by moving this article to Wikinews. When appropriate, blatant advertising may be marked for speedy deletion with {{db-spam}}. (August 2010)

Gareth Emery
Background information
Birth name	Gareth Thomas Rhys Emery
Also known as	GTR, Rue De Gar, Runaway
Born	(1980-07-18) 18 July 1980 (age 31) United Kingdom
Genres	Electronic dance music
Occupations	Disc jockey Record producer
Years active	2002–present
Labels	Five AM (2003–2008) Garuda (2009–present)
Website	www.garethemery.com

Gareth Emery (born 18 July 1980 in Southampton, England) is an English/Welsh Trance producer and DJ. Since 2009 he has been the highest ranked British DJ in DJ Magazine's annual Top 100 poll, peaking at #7 in 2010.^[1][2]

Background[link]

Gareth Emery was born in Southampton, England although he also has Welsh heritage.^[3] He lived in Southampton until the age of 26^[4] before relocating to Manchester, England where he has a studio and runs a club night and record label, both called Garuda.^[5] He has a degree in Politics from University of Warwick,^[6] supports Southampton Football Club,^[7] and is trained in classical piano.^[8] Prior to becoming involved in electronic music he played guitar in a punk band in the mid-nineties.^[9]

Style[link]

Emery has a distinctive and unique production style that has been described as a fusion of trance, house and progressive,^[10] and is described by Emery himself as ‘simple but effective’.^[11] Although usually categorised as a trance DJ, he has often dismissed this label simply stating that he plays good records regardless of genre.^[12]

Breakthrough[link]

Emery’s debut vinyl release was a white label remix of The Shrink's classic 'Nervous Breakdown' which was released in early 2002.^[13] In February 2002 Judge Jules broadcast the track live on BBC Radio 1 from the Mardi Gras festival, which brought Emery to the attention of the electronic music community.^[14] However, the track that launched his career is generally considered to be his third release: GTR – 'Mistral'.^[15] It was created entirely on a laptop computer over the course of a two week holiday in Provence.^[16] Paul van Dyk debuted the track live on the radio during the Nature One Festival in 2002 and it subsequently received support from some of the world's leading DJs, including Tiësto, Armin van Buuren and Ferry Corsten,^[17] and received highly positive reviews in Mixmag, Muzik, and DJ Magazine.^[18] Emery was ranked at #34 in DJ Mag’s Top 100 poll in 2006,^[19] #31 in in 2007, #23 in 2008, #9 in 2009^[20] and #7 in 2010.^[21]

Albums and Remixes[link]

Emery has released four mix CDs during his career: The Five AM Sessions (2005), The Podcast Annual (2007), The Sound Of Garuda (2009) and The Sound Of Garuda: Chapter 2 (2011).^[22] His debut artist album Northern Lights was released in 2010, and achieved considerable success, climbing to no.1 in the US iTunes dance chart.^[23] The album also contained one of his most successful tracks ‘Sanctuary’, which was voted the 2nd biggest track of 2010 by listeners of Armin van Buuren's A State Of Trance radio show,^[24] and then became the most played record of 2011 on US Sirius XM Radio dance station BPM.^[25] In 2011, a remixed edition of the album was released entitled Northern Lights Re-Lit with remixes by acts including Hardwell, Arty, Giuseppe Ottaviani, John O’Callaghan, Lange and Ashley Wallbridge.^[26] Since 2002, he has produced, remixed, or collaborated on around 90 tracks, with notable remixes for Britney Spears, Armin van Buuren, and Above & Beyond.^[27]

Labels[link]

From 2003 to 2008, Gareth co-owned now defunct label Five AM under which some of his biggest hits from the time were released (Mistral / This Is That / More Than Anything).^[28] In late 2008 he announced he would no longer be involved at Five AM, instead starting a new label 100% owned by him called Garuda.^[29] The first Garuda release was his own record 'Exposure / Metropolis' released in May 2009.^[30]

Since then all Emery's records have been released through Garuda. It is named after the bird-like creature from Hindu and Buddhist mythology, which Emery became aware of whilst touring Indonesia.^[31] The label has released records by artists including Ben Gold, Tritonal, M.I.K.E. and Blake Jarrell.^[32] The label also runs occasional club nights at Manchester superclub Sankeys, which was voted DJ Mag’s no.1 club in the world in 2010.^[33] Guests have included Ferry Corsten, Markus Schulz, Above & Beyond and Sander Van Doorn.^[34]

Podcast[link]

Since March 2006, Emery has produced the 'Gareth Emery Podcast'.^[35] Originally fortnightly but now weekly, the podcast is generally 60 minutes in length and features 15 or so tracks in a radio show style format, covering a wide range of dance music genres.^[36] It is considered one of the first dance music podcasts, and has been nominated for “Best Podcast” at the Miami Winter Music Conference’s International Dance Music Awards three times.^[37] A feature called ‘Podcast Player’ involves DJs leaving an answerphone message and playing one of their favourite tracks of the time.^[38] .^[39]

Selected Discography[link]

Gareth Emery's production aliases include GTR, Cupa, Digital Blues and a house project under the meme Runaway.^[40]

His production history includes collaborations with artists like Lange, Solid Globe, Jon O’Bir and CERN with releases on a multitude of labels including A State of Trance, Lost Language, Multiply Records, Bonzai Records, and his native Five AM label.^[41]

2002[link]

• GTR – Mistral [Five AM]
• GTR – Flood Control [Influential]
• GTR – Psiclone [Influential]
• GTR vs The Shrink – Nervous Breakdown (Trance mix) [Nutrition]
• GTR vs The Shrink – Nervous Breakdown (Bootleg mix) [Nutrition]

2003[link]

• CERN – The Message (additional production) [Five AM / ASOT]
• Cupa – Blaze [Five AM]
• Cupa – Foundation [Five AM]
• Nova – All This Love (GTR mix) [Multiply]
• CERN – Baileys (GTR dub) [Five AM]
• Quadraphonic – I Can Feel Your Love (Gareth Emery's GTR mix) [Lost Language]

2004[link]

• Wirefly – The Verdict (Gareth Emery & Mark Dedross mix) [Motion]
• Gareth Emery & Jon O'Bir – Escapade [Five AM]
• GTR – Reason To Believe (Original Mix) [Five AM]
• GTR – Reason To Believe (Gareth Emery Remix) [Five AM]
• Echano – Nothing To Live For (Gareth Emery Remix) [Motion]
• Will Holland – Magicka (Gareth Emery Remix) [Forty Five]
• Digital Delinquents – Forever (Gareth Emery Vocal / Dub mixes) [Equilibrium]

2005[link]

• Zodiak – Provincial Disco (Gareth Emery Remix) [MICREC]
• DJ Sammy – L'bby Haba (Gareth Emery Remix) [Super M]
• Gareth Emery – Between Dreams [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery – Backlash [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery – Tribalism [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery – History Of A Day [Five AM]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – This Is New York [Lange Recordings]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – X Equals 69 [Lange Recordings]
• Gareth Emery & Jon O'Bir – Bouncebackability [Five AM]
• Emery & Kirsch – Lose Yourself [Enhanced]
• Cupa – Mass Panic (Gareth Emery Remix) [Five AM]
• Cupa – Mass Panic (Concept mix) [Five AM]
• Digital Blues – Digital Blues [Lange Recordings]
• Digital Blues – Definition [Lange Recordings]
• Nu-NRG – Dreamland (Gareth Emery vs. Brisky Remix) [Monster]

2006[link]

• DT8 Project – Tomorrow Never Comes (Gareth Emery Remix) [Mondo]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – Another You, Another Me [Vandit]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – Back On Track (Gareth Emery Back On Breaks remix) [Lange]
• Mike Foyle – Shipwrecked (Gareth Emery remix) [Armind]
• Vinny Troia feat. Jaidene Veda – Flow (Gareth Emery Remix / Dub mix) [Curvve]
• Gareth Emery & Nicholas Bennison – Interlok [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery & Nicholas Bennison – Interlok (Gaz's Dubbed Out mix) [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery & Jon O'Bir – No Way Back [Five AM]
• Gareth Emery & Jon O'Bir – Integrate [Five AM]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – On Track [Lange]
• Lange vs Gareth Emery – Three [Lange]
• George Acosta feat. Truth – Mellodrama (Gareth Emery Remix) [Five AM]

2007[link]

• Gareth Emery – More Than Anything [Five AM]
• Albert Vorne – Formentera What? (Gareth Emery Remix) [Club Elite]
• Gareth Emery pres. Runway – Outrageous [Baroque]
• Gareth Emery And Rue De Gar – Soul Symbol [Curvve Recordings]

2008[link]

• DJ Orkidea – Metaverse (Gareth Emery Remix)[AVA Recordings]
• Myon And Shane 54 feat. Carrie Skipper – Vampire (Gareth Emery's Garuda Remix)[Armind]
• Gareth Emery – This Is That [Five AM Records]
• Martin Roth – Off the World (Gareth Emery Remix)[Vandit]
• Darude Ft Blake Lewis – I Ran (So Far Away) (Gareth Emery Remix)[HMC/DRD Music Finland]
• Andrew Bennett Vs Tatana Feat. Tiff Lacey – Closer (Than A Heartbeat) (Gareth Emery Remix) [S2 Records]
• Bartlett Bros feat. Marcia Juell – Let it Flow (Gareth Emery Remix)[Lunatique]
• Stowers & Young – The Second Coming (Gareth Emery Remix) [Insight Recordings]
• Menno De Jong feat. Re:Locate – Solid State (Gareth Emery Remix) [Intuition Recordings]

2009[link]

• Gareth Emery – Exposure/Metropolis [Garuda]
• Bobina – Time & Tide (Gareth Emery Remix) [World Club Music]
• Above & Beyond pres. Oceanlab – Lonely Girl (Gareth Emery Remix) [Anjunabeats]
• Ronski Speed feat. Ana – The Deep Divine (Gareth Emery Remix)[euphonic]
• M.I.K.E. – Sunrise At Palamos 2009 (Gareth Emery Remix) [Garuda]
• Fabio XB & Micky VI – Make This Your Day (Gareth Emery Remix) [S107 Recordings]
• Fabio XB & Andrea Mazza – Light To Lies (Gareth Emery Remix) [S107 Recordings]
• Gaia – Tuvan (Gareth Emery Remix) [Armind]
• Gareth Emery With Emma Hewitt – I Will Be the Same [Garuda]
• Terry Ferminal & Jonas Stenberg – A Thousand Miles, Memories (Gareth Emery Edit) [High Contrast Recordings]
• Gareth Emery – The Sound Of Garuda [Garuda]
• Rosie and The Goldbug – Heartbreak (Gareth Emery Remix)
• Delerium Vs Gareth Emery – In This Silence (Black Army Mashup)

2010[link]

• Gareth Emery Feat Lucy Saunders – Sanctuary [Garuda]
• Gareth Emery – Northern Lights (Studio Album) [Garuda]
• Gareth Emery – Citadel [Garuda]
• Above & Beyond & Gareth Emery pres. OceanLab – On a Good Day (Metropolis) [Anjunabeats]
• Nadia Ali – Rapture (Gareth Emery Remix)

2011[link]

• Gareth Emery – Northern Lights Re-Lit (Studio Album) [Garuda]
• John O'Callaghan – Save This Moment (Gareth Emery Remix) [Captivating Sounds – Armada]
• Britney Spears – I Wanna Go (Gareth Emery Remix)
• Gareth Emery & Ben Gold – Flash
• Super8 & Tab – Perfect Day feat. Alyna (Gareth Emery Remix) [Anjunabeats]
• Gareth Emery & Ashley Wallbridge – Mansion
• Gareth Emery feat. Mark Frisch – Into The Light
• Gareth Emery – Tokyo

2012[link]

• Gareth Emery feat. Christina Novelli – Concrete Angel [Garuda]
• Labrinth – Last Time (Gareth Emery Remix)
• Gareth Emery & Ashley Wallbridge – D.U.I. (TBA)
• Gareth Emery - The Saga (TBA)
• Gareth Emery – 2012 Album (TBA)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• The Gareth Emery Podcast website
• Gareth Emery on Facebook
• Gareth Emery on Twitter
• Biography – Resident Advisor
• Biography – i:Vibes
• TranceSound interview, September 2010