- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 508
- author: YaleUniversity
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
add
Loading...
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
..." width="225" height="168" class="playvideo1 gotop" onClick="activateTab('playlist1'); return false" style="display: block;" />
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Abraham Pierson
- Achilles Rink
- AFSCME
- Age of Enlightenment
- Alexander v. Yale
- Alexandra Robbins
- Alison Richard
- Allen Forte
- American football
- American South
- Anderson Cooper
- Angela Bassett
- Anna Harkness
- Appleton Arena
- Association football
- Athletic nickname
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Battell Chapel
- Beinecke Library
- Beinecke Plaza
- Benedict Arnold
- Benjamin Silliman
- Benjamin Spock
- Bible
- Bill Clinton
- Bing Gordon
- Bladderball
- Boardwalk Hall
- Boathouse
- Boeing
- Book and Snake
- Boola Boola
- Boston Globe
- Boston University
- Brandeis University
- Branford College
- Briarwood College
- Bridgeport Bluefish
- Bright College Years
- Bright Hockey Center
- Brothers in Unity
- Brown Bears
- Brown University
- Brownstone
- Bulldog
- C. Vann Woodward
- Calhoun College
- Camille Paglia
- Cary Nelson
- CBS Building
- Charles B. G. Murphy
- Charles C. Haight
- Charles Dickens
- Charles Ives
- Charter
- Cheel Arena
- Clarence Thomas
- Cleanth Brooks
- Clergy
- Clinton, Connecticut
- Cole Porter
- Collegiate Gothic
- Columbia Lions
- Columbia University
- Connecticut
- Connecticut College
- Connecticut Hall
- Connecticut Huskies
- Connecticut Passion
- Connecticut Sun
- Connecticut Tigers
- Connecticut Whale
- Connecticut Wildcats
- Convocation
- Cornell Big Red
- Cornell University
- Crotonia
- CT RollerGirls
- Culture
- Cyclotron
- Cyrus Vance
- Danbury Westerners
- Danbury Whalers
- Dartmouth Big Green
- Dartmouth College
- Davenport College
- David Brion Davis
- David Graeber
- David Lewin
- Dean Acheson
- Deconstruction
- Dick Cavett
- Die Wacht am Rhein
- Division I (NCAA)
- Doctorate
- Donn Barber
- Downtown New Haven
- Duke University
- Durham University
- ECAC Hockey
- Edward S. Harkness
- Eero Saarinen
- Egyptian Revival
- Eli Whitney
- Elia Kazan
- Elihu Yale
- Elisabeth Bumiller
- Elizabethan Club
- Emory University
- Ernest Lawrence
- Ernesto Zedillo
- ETH Zurich
- Ethnic minority
- Ezra Stiles
- Ezra Stiles College
- Fairfield Stags
- Fairfield University
- Fareed Zakaria
- Federal architecture
- FedEx
- Fight song
- Financial endowment
- Flickr Commons
- Forbes
- Fourah Bay College
- Frances McDormand
- Francis S. Collins
- Frank Merriwell
- Frederic Remington
- Frederick W. Smith
- Frieze
- Frisbee
- Frisbie Pie Company
- G. Evelyn Hutchinson
- Gaddis Smith
- Gales Ferry
- Gary Hart
- Gateway Arch
- Gay community
- Gene Siskel
- Geoffrey Hartman
- George Berkeley
- George H. W. Bush
- George H.W. Bush
- George Pataki
- George Roy Hill
- George W. Bush
- Gerald Ford
- Gifford Pinchot
- God and Man at Yale
- Gold Medal
- Goodwin College
- Gordon Bunshaft
- Gothic architecture
- Graduation
- Great Awakening
- Greek Ionic
- Greenwood Press
- Handsome Dan
- Hanna Holborn Gray
- Harkness Tower
- Harold Bloom
- Harold Stanley
- Hartford Lightning
- Hartford Seminary
- Harvard Crimson
- Harvard University
- Harvard-Yale Regatta
- Haskins Laboratories
- Hebrew language
- Henry Luce
- Henry Strong Durand
- Herbert Spencer
- Hewitt Quadrangle
- Higher education
- Hillhouse Avenue
- Hiram Bingham III
- Houston Field House
- Howard Dean
- Human Genome Project
- Ice hockey
- Increase Mather
- Ingalls Rink
- Irving Fischer
- Isamu Noguchi
- Ivy League
- J. Hillis Miller
- Jacques Derrida
- James Fallows
- James Gamble Rogers
- James McNerney
- James R. Angell
- Jeffrey Bewkes
- Jeremiah Dummer
- Jerry Brown
- Jodie Foster
- John C. Calhoun
- John Kerry
- Johns Hopkins
- Jonathan Trumbull
- Josef Albers
- Joseph E. Sheffield
- Joseph Lieberman
- Josiah Willard Gibbs
- José Paciano Laurel
- Judith Rodin
- Karl Carstens
- Kingman Brewster
- Kris Millegan
- Latin
- Latin language
- Lead glass
- Library of Congress
- Linonia
- LL.D.
- Los Angeles Times
- Louis Kahn
- Lynah Rink
- Mace and Chain
- Machu Picchu
- Manuscript Society
- Mario Monti
- Mascot
- Maureen Dowd
- Maya Lin
- McGill University
- Meehan Auditorium
- Meryl Streep
- Michael Cimino
- Michael Dukakis
- Mid-century modern
- Middle Ages
- Mitchell College
- Morgan Stanley
- Morse code
- Morse College
- Mystic Schooners
- Nathan Hale
- NCAA
- Need blind
- Neo-Gothic
- New Criticism
- New Haven Warriors
- New York Times
- New York University
- New York-Penn League
- Noah Porter
- Noah Webster
- Nobel Prize
- Norman Foster
- Northeastern Nitro
- Numerus clausus
- Old Campus
- Old Testament
- Oliver Stone
- Olympics
- Owen Johnson
- Paier College of Art
- Paradise Lost
- Pat Robertson
- Paul de Man
- Paul Krugman
- Paul Mellon
- Paul Newman
- Paul Tsongas
- Payne Whitney
- Peking University
- Penn Quakers
- Philadelphia
- Pierson College
- Portal University
- Post University
- Princeton Tigers
- Princeton University
- Private university
- Project Gutenberg
- Public university
- Pundit (expert)
- Purdue University
- Puritan
- Rector
- Refrain
- Regatta
- Residential college
- Residential colleges
- Rice University
- Richard C. Levin
- Richard Gilder
- Richard H. Brodhead
- Richard Morris Hunt
- Richard Serra
- Rick Levin
- Robert M. Yerkes
- Robert Penn Warren
- Roller derby
- Rose Bowl (stadium)
- Rowing (sport)
- Rugby league
- Rugby union
- Russell Sturgis
- Rutgers University
- Safety escort
- Saltonstall family
- Samuel Alito
- Samuel Andrew
- Samuel F. B. Morse
- Samuel F.B. Morse
- San Gimignano
- Sargent Shriver
- Saybrook College
- School colors
- Scroll and Key
- Secret society
- Security Guard
- Silliman College
- Sinclair Lewis
- Sister school
- Skull and Bones
- Softball
- Sonia Sotomayor
- Squash (sport)
- St. Anthony Hall
- Stanford University
- Starr Arena
- Susan Hockfield
- Syracuse University
- Talk Yale University
- Tansu Çiller
- Telegraph
- Template talk Yale
- Template Yale
- Texas A&M; University
- The Atlantic Monthly
- The Boston Globe
- The Harvard Crimson
- The New York Times
- The Night Café
- The Whiffenpoofs
- The Yale Record
- Thimble Islands
- Thomas Clap
- Thompson Arena
- Time Magazine
- Time Warner
- Timothy Dwight IV
- Timothy Dwight V
- Tom Wolfe
- Tony Blair
- Torrington Titans
- Town and gown
- Trade union
- Traugott Lawler
- Trophy
- Trumbull College
- Tufts University
- Tulane University
- Unite Here
- United States
- University of Iowa
- University of Kansas
- University of Oregon
- University of Oxford
- University of Pisa
- University of Tokyo
- University of Utah
- University president
- Urim and Thummim
- USA Rugby League
- Vanderbilt family
- Vassar College
- Victorian fashion
- Vietnam War
- Vincent Price
- Vincent Scully
- Violent crime
- Volunteerism
- W-League
- W.K. Wimsatt
- Wales
- Walter Camp
- Waseda University
- Washington Monthly
- Wayback Machine
- Wellesley College
- Wesleyan University
- Wikipedia Link rot
- William Harkness
- William Howard Taft
- William K. Lanman
- Woolsey Hall
- Wrexham
- Yale alumni
- Yale Alumni Magazine
- Yale Blue
- Yale Bowl
- Yale Bulldogs
- Yale College
- Yale Corporation
- Yale Daily News
- Yale Divinity School
- Yale golf course
- Yale Herald
- Yale Law School
- Yale Medical School
- Yale Political Union
- Yale School of Art
- Yale School of Drama
- Yale School of Music
- Yale University
-
Achilles Rink
Coordinates: 42°49′05″N 73°55′29″W / 42.817991°N 73.924813°W / 42.817991; -73.924813
The Frank L. Messa Rink at Achilles Center is a 2,225-seat multi-purpose arena in Schenectady, New York. It is home to the Union College Dutchmen ice hockey and Dutchwomen ice hockey teams, members of the ECAC Hockey League. In 2004, it was renovated and renamed Frank L. Messa Rink at Achilles Center. It is named for Frank L. Messa, class of 1973, who is a member of the board of trustees and co-chair of one of the school's main fundraising programs. The building was originally named for the Rev. H. Laurence Achilles, Sr., who was the original benefactor of the arena.
wn.com/Achilles_Rink -
Appleton Arena
Appleton Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Canton, New York. It is home to the St. Lawrence University Skating Saints ice hockey team. It was named for Judge Charles W. Appleton, class of 1897, the main benefactor of the arena as well as the riding center, which is named for his wife Elsa.
Appleton Arena opened in January 1951. The Canton Community assisted with the construction of an adjacent outdoor rink previous to 1951. Appleton Arena was remodeled in the late 1970s and early 1980s to its current configuration. In 1999, the facade of the arena was renovated to allow for improved locker rooms (particularly for the growing women's program) and a larger lobby. Additionally, the playing surface was expanded to 85 feet by 200 feet, and a weight training facility was added. These renovations were specifically designed to improve the arena while only minimally changing the traditional wooden bleachers and general ambiance of the interior.
Aside from being home to the Skating Saints, the arena also hosts intramural hockey and broomball games, Canton College's hockey program, a figure skating club, and Canton Pee Wee Hockey. In addition to its athletic uses, the University has also utilized the arena for concerts and for an alternate, indoor location for graduation ceremonies.
wn.com/Appleton_Arena -
Battell Chapel
Battell Chapel at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut was built in 1874-76 as a Civil War memorial, with funds donated by Joseph Battell (April 17, 1806 - July 8, 1874) and others of his family. The chapel was designed by Russell Sturgis, Jr. in High Victorian Gothic style of rough brown sandstone. It was the third of Yale's chapels and is the largest on-campus house of worship. The Apse Memorial Windows were designed by the architect Russell Sturgis and installed by Slack, Booth & Co. of Orange, New Jersey in 1876. At the top of the center window appears the name of an early benefactor of Yale University, Elihu Yale.
The chapel was built to provide space for daily chapel, which was mandatory at Yale for students until 1926. Built together with Durfee and Farnam Halls at the corner of College and Elm Streets, the chapel was also part of an ongoing program to build up the perimeter of Old Campus and separate it from the rest of the city.
The Battell Chapel clock, with chimes consisting of five large bells that rang at each quarter hour, was at one time the clock to which others at Yale was synchronized; however, the chimes have been silent for years. The organ was the gift of Joseph Battell's sister, Irene (Battell) Larned. The chapel was enlarged in 1893 by architect J. Cleaveland Cady. An apse was added in 1947 and dedicated to the undergraduate deacons who died in World War II. The chapel is also the site of other memorials. The interior was restored in 1984 by Herbert S. Newman.
wn.com/Battell_Chapel -
Boston University
Boston University (often initialized as BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers. The university is nonsectarian, but is historically affiliated with The United Methodist Church.
BU is categorized as an RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. In 2009–2010, BU had research expenditures of $407.8 million, or $553 million if the research led by the Medical School faculty at Boston Medical Center is included. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education.
Among its faculty and alumni, BU counts 7 Nobel Prize winners, including Martin Luther King, Jr. (PhD '55); 22 Pulitzer Prize winners, and numerous[quantify]Guggenheim and MacArthur fellows.
The university offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees, and medical and dental degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, while the Boston University Medical Campus is in Boston's South End neighborhood. BU also operates 75 study abroad programs in over 33 cities in over 20 countries and has internship opportunities in 10 different countries (including the United States and abroad).
wn.com/Boston_University -
Brandeis University
Brandeis University (
/ˈbrændaɪs/) is an American private research university with a liberal arts focus. It is located in the southwestern corner of Waltham, Massachusetts, nine miles (14 km) west of Boston. The University has an enrollment of approximately 3,200 undergraduate and 2,100 graduate students. In 2011, it was ranked by the U.S. News and World Report as the number 31 national university in the United States.Forbes listed Brandeis University as number 57 among all national universities and liberal arts colleges combined in 2010.
Brandeis was founded in 1948 as a nonsectarian Jewish-sponsored coeducational institution on the site of the former Middlesex University. The university is named for Louis Brandeis (1856–1941), the first Jewish Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Names associated with the conception of Brandeis include Israel Goldstein, George Alpert, C. Ruggles Smith, Albert Einstein, and Abram L. Sachar.
C. Ruggles Smith was the son of Dr. John Hall Smith, founder of Middlesex University, who had died in 1944. In 1946, the university was on the brink of financial collapse. At the time, it was one of the few medical schools in the U. S. that did not impose a Jewish quota; but it had never been able to secure AMA accreditation—in part, its founder believed, due to institutional antisemitism in the AMA—and, as a result, Massachusetts had all but shut it down.
wn.com/Brandeis_University -
Branford College
Coordinates: 41°18′35″N 72°55′47″W / 41.3098°N 72.9298°W / 41.3098; -72.9298
Branford College is one of the 12 residential colleges at Yale University.
Branford College was founded in 1933 by partitioning the Memorial Quadrangle (built in 1917-21) into two parts: Saybrook and Branford. According to Robert Frost, it is "the oldest and most beautiful"[citation needed] of the Yale residential colleges, though it shares a building and was founded simultaneously with Saybrook. In the start of the academic year in 1933, Branford College opened its doors. Clarence Whittlesey Mendell, Dean of Yale College, had been named Master in 1931 and he held the post until 1943. What impressed quite a few visitors to Branford was the calm and subdued character of the College. Chauncey Tinker commented that Saybrook was like an anthill, but Branford was like an oyster bed. In records of the time, the main thing that stands out about Branford is the activity among its students, and of encouragement of activity on the part of Master Mendell, who commented that oyster beds produce pearls.
wn.com/Branford_College -
Bright Hockey Center
The Alexander C. Bright Hockey Center is a 2,850-seat ice-hockey arena in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to the Harvard University Crimson men's and women's ice hockey teams. It is named for Alec Bright '19, a former hockey player.
In 1956, the Donald C. Watson Rink was opened just north of Harvard Stadium at Soldiers Field, the area in the Allston neighborhood of Boston used by Harvard athletics, just across the Charles River from campus. The rink held approximately 2,000 people, but did not have many modern amenities. When plans were made to upgrade facilities, the $5-million cost became prohibitive, and the decision was made to renovate Watson Rink. In 1978, following the hockey season, the walls were removed and the roof was extended before the new arena itself was installed. After a season without a full-time home, the "new" arena opened on November 19, 1979, with an exhibition between Harvard and the 1980 USA Olympic hockey team.
In November 2006, Bright Arena was home to the 2006 Friendship Cup, the Cup's debut year. Team USA Alumni, Team Canada Alumni, Team Gazprom and the Boston Bruins Alumni team all participated in the event. The Bruins defeated Team USA, while Gazprom defeated Team Canada.
wn.com/Bright_Hockey_Center -
Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
Brown was the first college in the nation to accept students regardless of religious affiliation. Academically, Brown consists of The College, Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, and the School of Engineering. Brown's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International Studies. The New Curriculum, instituted in 1969, eliminated distribution requirements and allows any course to be taken on a satisfactory/no credit basis. In addition, there are no pluses or minuses in the letter grading system. The school has the oldest undergraduate engineering program in the Ivy League (1847). Pembroke College, Brown's women's college, merged with the university in 1971. While Brown is considered a small research university with 689 full-time faculty and 2,000 graduate students, five of its professors and two of its alumni have been honored as Nobel Laureates. The faculty added 100 new professors in the past 10 years under the Boldly Brown campaign.
wn.com/Brown_University -
Calhoun College
Calhoun College is a residential college of Yale University.
In 1641, John Brockston established a farm on the plot of land that is now Calhoun College. After the Revolutionary War an inn was constructed that would later become the meeting place of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.
From 1863 until 1874 the land was home to Yale's divinity school.
In 1933, with the institution of the new residential college system at Yale, the dormitory at the corner of College and Elm Streets became Calhoun College, named for John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, B. A. 1804, alumnus, statesman, and orator. His statue stands in Yale's Harkness Tower.
Like all other residential colleges at their inception, Calhoun had twenty-four hour guard service and the gates were never locked. Jacket and tie was the necessary attire in the dining hall and meals were served at the table.
At first, Calhoun was considered an undesirable college because of its location at the corner of College and Elm, where trolleys frequently ran screeching around the corner. This perception of Calhoun changed under the popular Master Charles Schroeder, who once remarked that if the despicable trolley service were ever removed he would purchase a trolley car, put it in the courtyard, and hold a celebration to commemorate the event. The trolley system was indeed removed in 1949, and though a whole car proved unfeasible, Master Schroder secured the fare collecting machine from a trolley and made good on his promise to celebrate. Thus was born Trolley Night, a proud tradition of the college.
wn.com/Calhoun_College -
CBS Building
The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the headquarters of CBS Corporation. The building, opened in 1965, was designed by Eero Saarinen. It is located at 51 West 52nd Street, at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas). The 38 story building is 490 feet (150 m) tall and measures approximately 872,000 rentable square feet. The interior spaces, as well as the furnishings were designed by Saarinen and Florence Knoll.
The building is known as Black Rock for the dark granite cladding. Unlike some major skyscrapers built in that section of midtown Manhattan during the 1950s and 60s, the pillars are more dominant than the glass windows between them. The building was the result of intricate planning between Eero Saarinen and CBS's then-president, Frank Stanton.
CBS moved to Black Rock from its longtime corporate headquarters, 485 Madison Avenue at 52nd Street. Prior to Black Rock’s completion, CBS moved its radio network studios - the CBS News network radio studios on the 17th floor of 485 Madison and other studios across the street in the CBS Studio Building - to the CBS Broadcast Center on 57th Street starting in 1964. The TV news studios, based mostly at the Graybar Building at Grand Central Terminal, also moved to the Broadcast Center around that period of time, starting with the CBS Evening News studio-newsroom in 1963.
wn.com/CBS_Building -
Cheel Arena
Cheel Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Potsdam, New York. Cheel Arena was opened on October 26, 1991, and is named after Helen Snell Cheel, a long-time benefactor of Clarkson University, who provided a major gift towards the project.
It is home to the Clarkson University Golden Knights Men's and Women's hockey programs, which play at the NCAA Division I level. Ice is maintained throughout a large portion of the year for campus and community usage ranging from intramural hockey and broomball, Section X High School Championships, and figure skating. When the ice is removed, the facility is used for Clarkson's graduation and other local events. Cheel Arena typically hosts a concert every April featuring several music and comedy acts, presented by Clarkson Union Board.
The attendance record of 4,125 was set on January 18th, 2003 against arch-rival St. Lawrence University , although many consider it to be un-official due to the large number of empty seats at the game. The previous record was 4,115 set against the same team the previous year.
wn.com/Cheel_Arena -
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is an American private Ivy League research university located in New York City, New York, United States. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Today the university operates seven Columbia Global Centers overseas in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Santiago and Nairobi.
The university was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. The University now operates under a 1787 charter that places the institution under a private board of trustees, and in 1896 it was further renamed Columbia University. That same year, the university's campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its location in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, where it occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (0.13 km2). The university encompasses twenty schools and is affiliated with numerous institutions, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and the Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergraduate programs available through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America as well as the Juilliard School.
wn.com/Columbia_University -
Connecticut
Connecticut (
i/kəˈnɛtɨkət/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south (with which it shares a water boundary in Long Island Sound).
Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state. Its capital city is Hartford. Much of southern and western Connecticut (along with the majority of the state's population) is part of the New York metropolitan area; three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area, the same area is widely referred to as the Tri-State area. Connecticut's center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, which is also located within the Tri-State area.
Connecticut is the 3rd least extensive, the 29th most populous, and 4th most densely populated of the 50 United States. Called the Constitution State, Nutmeg State, and "The Land of Steady Habits", Connecticut was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States.
wn.com/Connecticut -
Connecticut College
Coordinates: 41°22′42.36″N 72°06′16.81″W / 41.3784333°N 72.1046694°W / 41.3784333; -72.1046694
Connecticut College (Conn College or Conn) is a private liberal arts college located in New London, Connecticut.
The college was founded in 1911, as Connecticut College for Women, in response to Wesleyan University closing its doors to women (the college changed its name to Connecticut College in 1969 when it began admitting men). The campus is located on the Thames River, overlooking the Long Island Sound on the highest point in New London. It is a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC), and is considered to be among the group of colleges called the "Little Ivies." Forbes ranked Connecticut College 62 in its America's Best Colleges list in 2011 and U.S. News and World Report ranked the school 37th among the top liberal arts colleges in 2011.
Known for its interdisciplinary academic centers, Connecticut College is in the midst of a major fundraising and building campaign. Over the past several years the college has renovated many of its older dormitories, completed numerous classroom renovations, and constructed a new fitness center. The college is in the final planning stages of a new life science and computer science center, an international commons, and is continuing to renovate the remainder of its older dormitories and classroom spaces.
wn.com/Connecticut_College -
Connecticut Wildcats
The Connecticut Wildcats are an American semi-professional rugby league football team based in Norwalk, Connecticut. They currently compete in the American National Rugby League (AMNRL).
The Wildcats, along with the Washington D.C. Slayers, joined the AMNRL as expansion teams for the 2003 season. Since joining the league they have been one of the most successful teams on the field. They have made a total of seven playoff appearances, advancing to the Grand Final five times, and winning the title in 2003, 2006, and 2007.
The team was founded in 2003. Along with the Washington D.C. Slayers, they joined the American National Rugby League that season, increasing the number of teams to eight. Their inaugural roster consisted primarily of experienced players who formerly played for the New York Knights and other AMNRL teams, giving them an early advantage. They went on to win the Grand Final in their inaugural season, defeating perennial champions the Glen Mills Bulls. They met the Bulls in the Grand Final four more times from 2004–2007, winning in the 2006 and 2007 seasons. In doing so they were the first AMNRL team to go undefeated and win titles in two consecutive years. In 2006 they were coached by former National Rugby League (NRL) player Nathan Hollingsworth and in 2007 by Tim Gee and Mathew Pitman.
wn.com/Connecticut_Wildcats -
Cornell University
Cornell University ( /kɔrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL) is a private Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's motto, a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."
The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of two private land grant universities, and its seven undergraduate colleges include three private, state-supported statutory or contract colleges. As a land grant college, it also operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York.
wn.com/Cornell_University -
Davenport College
Davenport College (colloquially referred to as D'port) is one of the twelve residential colleges of Yale University. Its buildings were completed in 1933 mainly in the Georgian style but with a gothic façade. The college was named for John Davenport, who founded Yale's home city of New Haven, Connecticut. An extensive renovation of the college's buildings occurred during the 2004–2005 academic year as part of Yale's comprehensive building renovation project. Davenport College has an unofficial rivalry with adjoining Pierson College.
John Davenport was born in 1597 to draper and Mayor of Coventry Henry Davenport and Winifred Barnaby. He attended Oxford University for a three year stint starting in 1613 before leaving without a degree. He returned to Oxford to finish his MA and BD after serving as the chaplain of Hilton Castle and vicar of St. Stephen's Church in London. In 1633 he resigned from the Church of England after several disputes with the senior clergy.
In 1638 he sailed to North America with his congregation and a patent for a colony in Massachusetts. One year later he co-founded the city of New Haven with Theophilus Eaton and served as its burgess until his departure to Boston 30 years later. He is also credited with co-founding the nearby Hopkins School.
wn.com/Davenport_College -
Downtown New Haven
Coordinates: 41°18′25″N 72°55′37″W / 41.307°N 72.927°W / 41.307; -72.927
Downtown New Haven is the neighborhood located in the heart of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It is made up of the original nine squares laid out in 1638 to form New Haven, including the New Haven Green, and the immediate surrounding central business district, as well as a significant portion of the Yale University campus. The area includes many restaurants, cafes, theaters and stores. Downtown is bordered by Wooster Square to the east, Long Wharf to the southeast, the Hill neighborhood to the south, the Dwight neighborhood to the west, the Dixwell neighborhood to the northwest, the Prospect Hill area to the north, and East Rock to the northeast.
Downtown New Haven is one of the most residential downtown areas in the United States, with nearly 7,000 inhabitants. The expansion of housing options in recent years has helped support downtown businesses and has brought about a surge in economic activity. Secondary streets and areas at the periphery of the neighborhood that once contained vacant storefronts are now almost entirely leased to restaurants and retailers, and the office vacancy rate has seen a drastic improvement as well.
wn.com/Downtown_New_Haven -
Durham University
The University of Durham, commonly known as Durham University, is a public research university in Durham, England. It was founded by Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837. It was one of the first universities to open in England for more than 600 years and has a claim towards being the third oldest university in England.
Durham is a collegiate university, with its main functions divided between the academic departments of the university and 16 colleges. In general, the departments perform research and provide lectures to students, while the colleges are responsible for the domestic arrangements and welfare of undergraduate students, graduate students, post-doctoral researchers and some university staff.
The university is considered very prestigious and has been included as part of an unofficial British "Ivy League" of elite universities by both The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Times. It is currently ranked between 3rd and 7th places by the latest league tables of the British universities. "Long established as the leading alternative to Oxford and Cambridge", the university attracts "a largely middle class student body" according to The Times Good University Guide. Durham has the second highest proportion of privately educated students in the country. The university was named Sunday Times University of the Year in 2005, having previously been shortlisted for the award in 2004.
wn.com/Durham_University -
Ezra Stiles College
Ezra Stiles College is a residential college at Yale University, built in 1961 by Eero Saarinen. Architecturally, it is known for its lack of right angles. It is adjacent to Morse College.
In his report on the 1955-56 academic year, Yale President A. Whitney Griswold announced his intention to add at least one residential college to Yale's two-decade-old system. "We have the colleges so full that community life, discipline, education, even sanitation are suffering," he said.[citation needed] Wild rumors flew about four or five new colleges, but nothing substantial was announced until spring 1959, when Eero Saarinen '34 was chosen as the architect, and the Old York Square behind the Graduate School as the site. The Old Dominion Foundation, established by Paul Mellon '29, provided money to build two "radically different" colleges to alleviate the strain on the existing colleges.
The cornerstone of the college was laid on Alumni Day 1961. Students took up residence in September 1962, and the college was dedicated on December 7. The purchase of the land, previously occupied by Hillhouse High School and Commercial High School, from the City of New Haven was made possible by a grant from John Hay Whitney '26.
wn.com/Ezra_Stiles_College -
Fourah Bay College
Fourah Bay College (founded in 1827 as the first western-style university in West Africa) is the oldest university college in West Africa. It is located atop Mount Aureol in Freetown, Sierra Leone. It is a constituent college of the University of Sierra Leone (from 1966 to 2005) and was formerly affiliated with Durham University (from 1876-1967).
Established in 1827 as an Anglican missionary school (by the Church Missionary Society), Fourah Bay College soon became a magnet for Krio and other Africans seeking higher education under the British Empire, especially in the fields of theology and education. It was the first western-style university in West Africa. Under colonialism, Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" as an homage to the college.
The first black principal of the university was an African American missionary, Reverend Edward Jones from South Carolina in the United States. Lamina Sankoh was a prominent early academic; Francis Heiser was principal from 1920 to 1922. Abioseh Nicol was the first Sierra Leonean administrator in 1966.
wn.com/Fourah_Bay_College -
Gateway Arch
The Gateway Arch, or Gateway to the West, is an arch that is the centerpiece of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial in St. Louis, Missouri. It was built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States. At 630 feet (192 m), it is the tallest man-made monument in the United States,Missouri's tallest accessible building, and the largest architectural structure designed as a weighted or flattened catenary arch.
The arch is located at the site of St. Louis' foundation, on the west bank of the Mississippi River where Pierre Laclède, just after noon on February 14, 1764, told his aide, Auguste Chouteau, to build a city.
The Gateway Arch was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and German-American structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel in 1947. Construction began on February 12, 1963, and ended on October 28, 1965, costing US$13 million at the time (approximately $95,900,000 today). The monument opened to the public on June 10, 1967.
In late 1933, civic leader Luther Ely Smith, returning to St. Louis from the George Rogers Clark National Historical Park in Vincennes, Indiana, beheld the crumbling St. Louis riverfront area and envisioned that building a memorial there would both revive the riverfront and stimulate the economy. He communicated his idea to mayor Bernard Dickmann, who on December 15, 1933, raised it in a meeting with city leaders. They sanctioned the proposal, and the nonprofit Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association (JNEMA—pronounced "Jenny May") was formed. Smith was appointed chairman and Dickmann vice chairman. The association's goal was to create:
wn.com/Gateway_Arch -
Goodwin College
Goodwin College is a private, nonprofit, four year institution located on One Riverside Drive, East Hartford, Connecticut. The college offers a variety of certificate and associate degree programs along with bachelor degree programs in child study, health science, organizational studies, and RN-BSN.
Goodwin College began as Data Institute Business School in 1962. In 2004, the college transitioned to not-for-profit status and was granted accreditation by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). In 2008, the Connecticut Board of Governors for Higher Education authorized Goodwin College to offer baccalaureate programs.
In 2005, Goodwin College initiated a major project to construct a new campus along the Connecticut River in East Hartford. The college had purchased riverfront property that was home to a defunct oil terminal, and took steps to redevelop the site in partnership with state and federal environmental agencies and the Connecticut Development Authority (CDA). The site had been designated as a brown field, or contaminated area, by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the college removed 30 large oil storage tanks and conducted soil remediation with the help of state and federal funding.
wn.com/Goodwin_College -
Harkness Tower
Harkness Tower is a prominent Collegiate Gothic structure at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
The tower was constructed between 1917 and 1921 as part of the Memorial Quadrangle donated to Yale by Anna M. Harkness in honor of her recently deceased son, Charles William Harkness, Yale class of 1883, and the second son of Stephen V. Harkness, an early investor in the company that became Standard Oil. It was designed by James Gamble Rogers, who designed many of Yale's "Collegiate Gothic" structures. Rogers said his design for the tower was inspired by "Boston Stump," the 272-foot (83 m) tower of the parish church of St Botolph in Boston, England. The 15th-century Boston Stump is the tallest parish church tower in England. Rogers also based some details on the 16th-century tower of St Giles church in Wrexham, Wales, where Elihu Yale is buried.
James S. Hedden was the contractor's supervisor for the project. His photographs of the early construction are in Yale University Library's Manuscripts and Archives Collection, listed under "James S. Hedden Photographs of Memorial Quadrangle, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library."
wn.com/Harkness_Tower -
Hartford Seminary
Coordinates: 41°46′12″N 72°42′27″W / 41.7699°N 72.7076°W / 41.7699; -72.7076
Hartford Seminary is a theological college in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Hartford Seminary's origins date back to 1833 when the Pastoral Union of Connecticut was formed to train Congregational ministers. The next year the Theological Institute of Connecticut was founded at East Windsor Hill, Connecticut. It took the name Hartford Theological Seminary after its move to Hartford in 1865. The name change occurred in 1885. The Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy was affiliated with the Seminary in 1902. The Kennedy School of Missions became another affiliated activity, originally organized by the Seminary as a separate organization in 1911. In 1913, these three endeavors were combined to form the current Hartford Seminary.
As the Institution became more established, the Seminary began to offer niche concentrations in Christian-Muslim dialogue (in 1972), and in 1990 Hartford Seminary officially claimed non-denominational status.
wn.com/Hartford_Seminary -
Harvard University
Harvard University is an American private Ivy League research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation (officially The President and Fellows of Harvard College) chartered in the country. Harvard's history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
Harvard was named after its first benefactor, John Harvard. Although never formally affiliated with a church, the college primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Harvard's curriculum and students became secular throughout the 18th century and by the 19th century had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's forty year tenure (1869–1909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a centralized research university, and Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900.James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College. Drew Gilpin Faust was elected the 28th president in 2007 and is the first woman to lead the university. Harvard has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world, standing at $32 billion as of September 2011.
wn.com/Harvard_University -
Houston Field House
Houston Field House is a multi-purpose arena on the campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York. It is the nation's third-oldest hockey rink, behind Northeastern University's Matthews Arena and Princeton University's Hobey Baker Memorial Rink. Further, it is the second-oldest arena in the ECAC Hockey League, behind Princeton's rink. Until the opening of the Times Union Center in Albany in 1990, it was the largest arena in the Capital Region.
Popular legend holds that Houston Field House was previously an airplane or dirigible hangar for the United States armed forces during World War II. In reality, it originated as a warehouse for the United States Navy in Davisville, Rhode Island.
Following the war, the federal government established the Veterans Education Facilities Program (VEFP) to help colleges build facilities to handle the increased enrollment of veterans returning from the war. One aspect of the VEFP was to offer buildings designated as "war surplus" to colleges and academic institutions who applied for them.
wn.com/Houston_Field_House -
Ingalls Rink
David S. Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink in New Haven, CT designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. The building has since been renovated by Kevin Roche and Roche-Dinkeloo, the firm which is a direct outgrowth of Eero Saarinen and Associates. It is commonly referred to as The Whale, due to its appearance. The rink stands at the intersection of Prospect and Sachem Streets. The building was constructed for $1.5 million, which was double its original cost estimate. It seats 3,500 people and has a maximum ceiling height of 23 meters. The building is named for David S. Ingalls, Yale class of 1920, and David S. Ingalls, Jr., Yale class of 1956, both of whom were hockey captains. Members of the Ingalls family were the primary benefactors of the arena. The building was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list, created in 2007 by the American Institute of Architects.
The rink employs an innovative structural system in which a 90 meter reinforced concrete arch, from which a cable net is hung, supports a timber roof. This causes a stable, double curvature form. Exterior cables linking the arch directly to the outer edges of the roof were added during structural design development. These cables address forces caused by asymmetrical wind loads. Fred N. Severud was the structural engineer for the project.
wn.com/Ingalls_Rink -
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States of America, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in four buildings in Washington, D.C., as well as the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
The Library of Congress was instituted for Congress in 1800, and was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century. After much of the original collection had been destroyed during the War of 1812, Thomas Jefferson sold 6,487 books, his entire personal collection, to the library in 1815. After a period of decline during the mid-19th century the Library of Congress began to grow rapidly in both size and importance after the American Civil War, culminating in the construction of a separate library building and the transference of all copyright deposit holdings to the Library. During the rapid expansion of the 20th century the Library of Congress assumed a preeminent public role, becoming a "library of last resort" and expanding its mission for the benefit of scholars and the American people.
wn.com/Library_of_Congress -
Lynah Rink
Lynah Rink (pronounced LIE-nuh) is a 4,267-seat hockey arena at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, that opened in 1957. Named after James Lynah, Class of 1905, who was the director of Cornell athletics from 1935-1943, it is home to the Big Red men's and women's ice hockey teams. Lynah has been home to hockey greats such as Ken Dryden, Joe Nieuwendyk and Olympic Gold Medalist Dana Antal.
The building is a quonset shaped structure covered with multi-colored (orange, tan, black and brown) brick wall cladding set in a common bond pattern. Projecting from the facade of the structure is a one story rectangular wing flanked on either side by two vertical appendages, which have multi-paned colored glass windows. The one story wing has a strip of casement windows. The stairway is situated on the west side of the building. A white concrete block structure with wall buttresses connects Lynah Rink to Bartels Hall. It was constructed for $500,000 with a donation from Walter S. Carpenter, Jr. whose gift came with the stipulation that he did not want his name on the building. The facility was designed by Van Storch, Evans, and Burkavage of Waverly, PA and constructed by Streeter Associates of Elmira, NY.
wn.com/Lynah_Rink -
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmatʃu ˈpitʃu], Quechua: Machu Pikchu [ˈmɑtʃu ˈpixtʃu], "Old Peak") is a pre-Columbian 15th-century Inca site located 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) above sea level. Machu Picchu is located in the Cusco Region of Peru, South America. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cusco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is perhaps the most familiar icon of the Inca World.
The Incas started building the "estate" around 1400, but abandoned it as an official site for the Inca rulers a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although known locally, it was unknown to the outside world before being brought to international attention in 1911 by the American historian Hiram Bingham. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of what the structures originally looked like. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored. The restoration work continues to this day.
wn.com/Machu_Picchu -
McGill University
McGill University is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill University is one of world's most prestigious universities. The university bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Glasgow, Scotland and alumnus of Glasgow University, whose bequest formed the beginning of the university. Founded in 1821, McGill was chartered during the British colonial era, 46 years before the Canadian Confederation, making it one of the oldest universities in Canada.
As of 2011, McGill ranked 1st in Canada and 17th in the world in the QS World University Rankings. According to the 2011 Emerging/Trendence global employability ranking, McGill was ranked 19th in the world for popularity among major employers. In the Maclean's 21st Annual University Ranking (2011), McGill was ranked 1st in Canada among all institutions offering medical and doctoral degrees, maintaining this ranking for the seventh year in a row.
With almost 215,000 living alumni worldwide, students and professors at McGill have been recognized in fields ranging from the arts and sciences, to business, politics, and sports. Notable alumni include eleven Nobel Laureates, one hundred and thirty-two Rhodes Scholars, three astronauts, two Canadian prime ministers, eleven justices of the Canadian Supreme Court, three foreign leaders, nine Academy Award winners, three Pulitzer Prize winners, and twenty-eight Olympic medalists.
wn.com/McGill_University -
Meehan Auditorium
The George V. Meehan Auditorium is a 3,059-seat hockey arena, in Providence, Rhode Island. The arena opened in 1961 and was dedicated on January 6, 1962. On September 28, 1964, at the same time that he was campaigning to stay in office, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson addressed the bicentennial convocation of Brown University at Meehan, in favor of educational opportunity, freedom of conscience and the proposed National Endowment for the Humanities. It is named for George V. Meehan, the benefactor of the arena, which he hoped would "service and promote" the Brown Bears ice hockey program, which now belongs to the Ivy and ECAC Hockey leagues.
In 1965, Meehan Auditorium hosted the Frozen Four ice hockey semi-finals of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It is recognizable for its large white domed roof, and is located on the highest corner (Hope Street and Lloyd Avenue) of Brown's main athletic complex on College Hill in Providence. It was renovated in 2002, bringing its capacity up to its current level.
wn.com/Meehan_Auditorium -
Mitchell College
For the North Carolina college formerly known as Mitchell College, see Mitchell Community College.
Mitchell College is a liberal arts college located on the banks of the Thames River, in New London, Connecticut, USA. It was founded in 1938 on the former estate of Alfred Mitchell; its campus offers such amenities as on-campus housing (including four multi-level, dormitory-style buildings and four residential river houses), a cafe, ice cream shop, preserve area known as 'Mitchell Woods', multiple playing fields, and a beach. Notable for its Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, Sport Management, and Business Administration programs, the college offers both two and four year degree programs.
Mitchell's sports teams are known as the Mariners. Historically known as the Pequots, the name was changed in 2008 to comply with the mandate of the NCAA requiring a name change in order to continue postseason participation. (See the Native American mascot controversy in the United States.)
Participants in NCAA Division III athletics and members of the New England Collegiate Conference, the Mariners have a strong and prolific history of athletic success, especially in the women's basketball program. The intercollegiate sports that they offer are:
wn.com/Mitchell_College -
Morse College
Coordinates: 41°18.755′N 72°55.830′W / 41.312583°N 72.9305°W / 41.312583; -72.9305
Morse College is one of the twelve residential colleges at Yale University, built in 1961 and designed by Eero Saarinen. It is adjacent to Ezra Stiles College. The current Master is Frank Keil, Professor of Psychology and Professor of Linguistics. The Associate Master is Kristi Lockhart. Following the Spring 2005 semester, former Dean Rosemary Jones stepped down, and was followed by Dean Alexandra Dufresne, who left after the 2006–2007 academic year. On May 2, 2007, Yale College Dean Peter Salovey announced that Joel Silverman will become the next Dean of Morse College.
In his report on the year 1955-6, Yale President A. Whitney Griswold announced his intention to add at least one more residential college to the system Yale had launched only two decades earlier. "We have the colleges so full that community life, discipline, education, even sanitation are suffering," he stated. This news bred wild rumors about four or five new colleges being added to Yale's system. Nothing substantial was announced until the spring of 1959 when Eero Saarinen '34 was chosen as the architect, and the Old York Square behind the Graduate School became the designated site. The Old Dominion Foundation, established by Paul Mellon '29, provided money to build two "radically different" colleges, which would alleviate the growing strain on the older colleges.
wn.com/Morse_College -
Old Campus
Coordinates: 41°18′31″N 72°55′43″W / 41.3085°N 72.9285°W / 41.3085; -72.9285
The Old Campus is a complex of buildings at Yale University on the block at the northwest end of the green in New Haven, Connecticut, consisting of dormitories, classrooms, chapels and offices. Old Campus includes Yale's oldest building, Connecticut Hall, and a grand entrance from the green at Phelps Gate.
The first building of Yale College (Old College) in New Haven was built here in 1718 where Bingham Hall now stands. Falling into disrepair, this building was ultimately destroyed by students in 1782. Beginning with Connecticut Hall in 1750, the buildings of Old Brick Row were built here. The campus plan for Old Brick Row was developed by John Trumbull and James Hillhouse. It was the first planned college campus in the United States and served as a model for other campuses. Old Brick Row included four dormitories: Union Hall (South College), Connecticut Hall (South Middle), Berkeley Hall (North Middle) and North College. In between, there was Atheneum (First Chapel), Connecticut Lyceum, and Second Chapel.
wn.com/Old_Campus -
Paier College of Art
The Paier College of Art is a private 4-year art school in Hamden, Connecticut, on the outskirts of the greater New Haven area. Formerly the Paier School of Art, the institution's current name and form date from 1982 when it received a charter and accreditation for offering a 4-year Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. It was originally founded by Edward T. and Adele K. Paier as the Paier School of Applied Arts in 1946.
The college offers B.F.A. programs of study in the following studio majors: fine arts, graphic design, illustration, interior design, photography, and a new combined specialty, photography and digital imaging. There are also certificate programs which can be applied toward a B.F.A., covering specialties such as graphic production, portrait and figure painting, and sharp focus/trompe l'oeil painting. Programs are licensed by the Connecticut Board of Governors of Higher Education and accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. The college is also a member of the International Council of Design Schools.
wn.com/Paier_College_of_Art -
Peking University
Coordinates: 39°59′23″N 116°18′19″E / 39.98972°N 116.30528°E / 39.98972; 116.30528
Peking University (simplified Chinese: 北京大学; traditional Chinese: 北京大學; pinyin: Běijīng Dàxué), colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大, Běidà), is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the ancient Guozijian (國子監 guózǐjiàn). By 1920 it had become a center for progressive thought. Today, many national and international rankings frequently place Peking University as one of the best universities in China. In addition to its academics, Peking University is especially renowned for the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture on its campus grounds.
Throughout its history, the university has educated and hosted many prominent modern Chinese thinkers, including figures such as: Lu Xun, Mao Zedong, Gu Hongming, Hu Shih, Li Dazhao, and Chen Duxiu. Peking University was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement, May Fourth Movement, the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989 and many other significant events.
wn.com/Peking_University -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
wn.com/Philadelphia -
Pierson College
Pierson College (PC) is the largest, by number of students. of Yale University's 12 residential colleges. It was founded in 1933 and takes its name from Abraham Pierson (1646-1707), one of the founders of the Collegiate School, which later became Yale University. A statue of Abraham Pierson stands on Yale's Old Campus.
Yale University constructed the Pierson College buildings in 1933 in the Georgian architecture or "Georgian Revival" style. These include a prominent tower, inspired by that of Philadelphia's Independence Hall.James Gamble Rogers, Yale Class of 1889, was the architect responsible for the original design. Yale renovated the College in 2003-2004, with the major effort directed at the modification of existing suites and rooms, the movement of the Dean's Office, and the addition of a new building and basement facilities. Pierson shares the new basement facilities with its neighbor and unofficial rival residential college, Davenport. The College includes a large grass courtyard and is located between Park and York Streets in New Haven, CT. The courtyard is home to the kinetic sculpture, "Two Planes Vertical—Horizontal II" by George Rickey.
wn.com/Pierson_College -
Post University
Post University is a small university located in Waterbury, Connecticut. Post University was established in 1890. Prior to May 1990, it was known as Post College. It was affiliated with Teikyo University in Tokyo, Japan from 1990 to 2004, and during that time it was named Teikyo Post University.The university offers day, evening, and online courses, and has three satellite centers in Meriden, Danbury, and Norwalk.
The school is currently a private for-profit school. The President and CEO of Post University is currently Thomas Samph, Ph.D. Post University is owned by Generation Partners located in Greenwich, Connecticut.
Post University is Accredited by the Department of Higher Education through the State of Connecticut as well as through the NEASC [New England Association of Schools and Colleges]. The state of Connecticut periodically reviews most study material and lessons in Posts online and offline programs to ensure their quality.
Post offers bachelors degrees in accounting, business administration, biology, criminal justice, computer information systems, envronmental science, equine management, finance, early childhood education, legal studies (paralegal), management, human services, psychology, and sociology, as well as an MBA in Corporate Innovation or Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Finance, Leadership, and a Master of Science in Human Services. Post University has distinguished itself with its programs in equine management, accounting, business administration/management, human services, and legal studies.
wn.com/Post_University -
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.
It is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and engineering. Princeton does not have schools of medicine, law, divinity, or business, but it does offer professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science and the School of Architecture.
Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, as the College of New Jersey, the university moved to Newark in 1747, then to Princeton in 1756 and was renamed Princeton University in 1896. The present-day College of New Jersey in nearby Ewing, New Jersey, is an unrelated institution. Princeton was the fourth chartered institution of higher education in the American colonies. Princeton had close ties to the Presbyterian Church, but has never been affiliated with any denomination and today imposes no religious requirements on its students.
wn.com/Princeton_University -
Purdue University
Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University system. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university when the Indiana General Assembly, taking advantage of the Morrill Act, accepted a donation of land and money from Lafayette businessman John Purdue to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name. The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with six instructors and 39 students. Today, Purdue enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana as well as the second largest international student population of any public university in the United States.
Purdue offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in over 210 major areas of study, and is well known for its competitive engineering curricula. The university has also been highly influential in America's history of aviation, having established the first college credit offered in flight training, the first four-year bachelor's degree in aviation, and the first university airport (Purdue University Airport). In the mid-20th century, Purdue's aviation program expanded to encompass advanced spaceflight technology giving rise to Purdue's nickname, Cradle of Astronauts. Twenty-two Purdue graduates have gone on to become astronauts, including Gus Grissom (one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts), Neil Armstrong (the first person to walk on the moon), and Eugene Cernan (the most recent person to walk on the moon).
wn.com/Purdue_University -
Rice University
William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a heavily wooded 295-acre (1.19 km2) campus in Houston, Texas, United States. The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.
Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is now a preeminent research university with a distinct undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on undergraduate education is demonstrated by a small student body and 5:1 student-faculty ratio, among the lowest in the top American universities including the Ivy League.Rice alumni are prominent in every sector of society today. The university has produced 101 Fulbright Scholars, 20 Marshall Scholars, and 12 Rhodes Scholars. The university has a very high level of research activity for its size, with $115.3 million in sponsored research funding in 2011. Rice is noted for its applied science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science, and nanotechnology. It was ranked first in the world in materials science research by the Times Higher Education (THE) in 2010.
wn.com/Rice_University -
Rutgers University
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey /ˈrʌtɡərz/, usually referred to as Rutgers University or just Rutgers, is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey, United States. It was originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766. It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine Colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. Rutgers was originally a private university affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church and admitted only male students, but evolved into a coeducational public research university. Rutgers is one of only two colonial colleges that later became public universities, the other being The College of William and Mary.
Rutgers was designated The State University of New Jersey by acts of the New Jersey Legislature in 1945 and 1956. The three campuses of Rutgers are in (1) New Brunswick and Piscataway, (2) Newark and (3) Camden. The Newark campus was formerly the University of Newark, which merged into the Rutgers system in 1946, and the Camden campus was created in 1950 from the College of South Jersey and the South Jersey Law School. Rutgers is the largest state university within New Jersey. The university offers more than 100 distinct bachelor, 100 master, and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs across 175 academic departments, 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, 16 of which offer graduate programs of study.
wn.com/Rutgers_University -
San Gimignano
San Gimignano is a small walled medieval hill town in the province of Siena, Tuscany, north-central Italy. It is mainly famous for its medieval architecture, especially its towers, which may be seen from several kilometres outside the town.
The town also is known for the white wine, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, produced from the Vernaccia grape which is grown in the area.
San Gimignano was founded as a small village in the 3rd century BC by the Etruscans. Historical records begin in the 10th century, when it adopted the name of the bishop Saint Geminianus, who had defended it from Attila's Huns.
In the Middle Ages and Renaissance era, it was a stopping point for Catholic pilgrims on their way to Rome and the Vatican, as it sits on the medieval Via Francigena. The city's development also was improved by the trade of agricultural products from the fertile neighbouring hills.
In 1199, during the period of its highest splendour, the city made itself independent from the bishops of Volterra. Divisions between Guelphs and Ghibellines troubled the inner life of the commune, which nonetheless, still managed to embellish itself with artworks and architectures.
wn.com/San_Gimignano -
Saybrook College
Saybrook College is one of the 12 residential colleges at Yale University. It was founded in 1933 by partitioning the Memorial Quadrangle (built in 1917-1921) into two parts: Saybrook and Branford.
Unlike many of Yale's residential colleges that are centered around one large courtyard, Saybrook has two courtyards—one stone and one grass, hence the college cheer beginning "Two courtyards, stone and grass: two courtyards kick your a**."
Saybrook College was one of the original Yale Residential Colleges. Its name comes from the original location of the university, Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The college has the second highest student-to-land-area ratio of any of the colleges (after Calhoun College).
Saybrook students are known on campus for "the Saybrook Strip," a ritual performed during football games at the end of the third quarter (the "Strip" actually begins two minutes earlier when students remove their shoes and shout "Shoes!"). Both male and female college residents strip down to their underwear (some brave seniors remove all their clothing during The Game) to accompaniment by the Yale Precision Marching Band, which formerly played The Stripper or Sweet Child o' Mine but now chooses different tunes from game to game. Saybrook is also known for its repeated wins of the Gimbel Cup, which goes to the college with the highest average GPA. Saybrook has won the cup 11 times, four more than the next most frequent winner, Ezra Stiles College which has won 7 times. Saybrook won most recently in 2007.
wn.com/Saybrook_College -
Silliman College
Silliman College is a residential college at Yale University. It opened in September 1940 as the last of the original ten residential colleges, and includes buildings that were constructed as early as 1901. It is the largest college in terms of area, consisting of a full city block in New Haven, Connecticut, bordered by College, Wall, Grove and Temple Streets.
The older, Indiana limestone part of the college consists of the Vanderbilt-Sheffield dormitories and Byers Hall, both originally part of the Sheffield Scientific School. The Van-Sheff portion of Silliman was built between 1903 and 1906 by architect Charles C. Haight in the Collegiate Gothic style. Byers Hall was built in 1903 and was designed by Hiss and Weekes architects in the modified French Renaissance Style.
The newer, Georgian brick portion of the college, which includes most of the core facilities and the Master's house, was completed in 1940 when the college was opened. Architect Eggers & Higgins designed this part of the college.
wn.com/Silliman_College -
Skull and Bones
Skull and Bones is an undergraduate senior or secret society at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. It is a traditional peer society to Scroll and Key and Wolf's Head, as the three senior class "landed societies" at Yale.
The society's alumni organization, which owns the society's real property and oversees the organization, is the Russell Trust Association, named for William Huntington Russell, who co-founded Skull and Bones with classmate Alphonso Taft. The Russell Trust was founded by Russell and Daniel Coit Gilman, member of Skull and Bones and later president of the University of California, first president of Johns Hopkins University, and the founding president of the Carnegie Institution.
The society is known informally as "Bones", and members are known as "Bonesmen".
Skull and Bones was founded in 1832 after a dispute among Yale's debating societies, Linonia, Brothers in Unity, and the Calliopean Society, over that season's Phi Beta Kappa awards; its original name was "the Order of Skull and Bones."
wn.com/Skull_and_Bones -
Stanford University
Coordinates: 37°26′N 122°10′W / 37.43°N 122.17°W / 37.43; -122.17
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is an American private research university located in Stanford, California on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus near Palo Alto, California, United States. It is situated in the northwestern Silicon Valley, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of San Jose and 37 miles (60 km) southeast of San Francisco.
Leland Stanford, a Californian railroad tycoon and politician, and his wife Jane Lathrop Stanford founded the university in 1891 in honor of their son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday. The university was established as a coeducational and nondenominational institution, but struggled financially after the senior Stanford's 1893 death and after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would become known as Silicon Valley. By 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, was one of the original four ARPANET nodes, and had transformed itself into a major research university in computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, and social sciences.
wn.com/Stanford_University -
Starr Arena
Starr Hockey Rink is a 2,600-seat multi-purpose arena in Hamilton, New York. It is home to the Colgate University Raiders men's and women's ice hockey teams. It is named for John Howard Starr, the coach of the hockey team from 1936 to 1950. It takes up the western half of the William A. Reid Athletic Center, which it shares with Cotterell Court, the home of the basketball and volleyball teams. The athletic center, is located in the southwestern part of campus, near Andy Kerr Stadium, the school's major outdoor venue. Portions of the Paul Newman hockey classic, Slap Shot were filmed in Starr Rink.
Coordinates: 42°48′56″N 75°32′33″W / 42.8155986°N 75.5424857°W / 42.8155986; -75.5424857
wn.com/Starr_Arena -
Syracuse University
Syracuse University, commonly referred to as Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU, is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College. Following several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was founded independent of the college in 1870. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church. Syracuse was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1966 but withdrew its membership in 2011 due to diverging views in evaluating criteria between the University and the AAU.
The campus is located in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque structures to contemporary buildings. SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges, with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science, architecture, communications, business administration, public administration, engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences.
wn.com/Syracuse_University -
Thompson Arena
Coordinates: 43°42′04″N 72°16′49″W / 43.70111°N 72.28028°W / 43.70111; -72.28028 Rupert C. Thompson Arena is a 3,500-seat hockey arena in Hanover, New Hampshire. It is home to the Dartmouth College Big Green men's and women's ice hockey teams. The barrel-vaulted, reinforced concrete arena was designed by renowned architect Pier Luigi Nervi. It was named for Rupert C. Thompson '28, the major benefactor of the project, and replaced Davis Rink, the original "indoor" home of Dartmouth hockey from 1929 to 1975. (Davis Rink, which was located next to old Alumni Gym, was demolished in 1985 to make way for the Berry Sports Center.)
wn.com/Thompson_Arena -
Trumbull College
Trumbull College is one of twelve undergraduate residential colleges of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.
The college is named for Jonathan Trumbull, the last governor of the Colony of Connecticut and first governor of the State of Connecticut, serving from 1769 until 1784, and a friend and advisor to General George Washington throughout the revolutionary period who dedicated the resources of Connecticut to the fight for independence. He was the only colonial governor to support the American Revolution.
One of the University's older colleges, Trumbull was originally two free-standing dormitory buildings flanking the old gymnasium. When university President James Rowland Angell instituted the residential college system in 1933, the gym was torn down and the dormitories connected with a new building in the Gothic style, forming the Sterling Quadrangle; the fourth side of the quadrangle is Sterling Memorial Library. The new building contains the Trumbull dining hall, common room, and library, and a new dorm wing was constructed parallel to the originals. A Master's House was also constructed in the southeast corner of the quadrangle.
wn.com/Trumbull_College -
Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university located in Medford/Somerville, near Boston, Massachusetts. The university is organized into ten schools, including two undergraduate programs and eight graduate divisions, on four campuses in Massachusetts. The university emphasizes active citizenship and public service in all of its disciplines more than any peer school and is well known for its internationalism and study abroad programs. Among its schools is the United States' oldest graduate school of international relations, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
In 1852, Tufts College was founded by Christian Universalists who worked for years to open a non-sectarian institution of higher learning.Charles Tufts donated the land for the campus on Walnut Hill, the highest point in Medford, saying that he wanted to set a "light on the hill." The name was changed to Tufts University in 1954, although the corporate name remains "the Trustees of Tufts College." After more than a century, Tufts was a small New England liberal arts college. The French-American nutritionist Jean Mayer became president of Tufts in the late 1970s and, through a series of mergers with other institutions, transformed the school into an internationally renowned research university. It consistently ranks among the country's best colleges.
wn.com/Tufts_University -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa (also known as UI, or simply Iowa) is a public state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. UI is categorized as RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. The university is a group member of the Association of American Universities, the Big Ten Conference, Committee on Institutional Cooperation, and the Universities Research Association. Additionally, UI is considered a Public Ivy according to Howard and Matthew Greene's "The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities".
The University is home to the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. It is one of the largest university-owned teaching hospitals in the nation. Iowa was the first American institution of higher learning to accept creative work for academic credit, and developed the Master of Fine Arts degree.
wn.com/University_of_Iowa -
University of Oregon
The University of Oregon (UO) is a public, coeducational research university in Eugene, Oregon, United States. The third-oldest public university in the state (behind Western Oregon University and Oregon State University), the UO was founded in 1876 and graduated its first class two years later. The Carnegie Foundation classifies the University of Oregon as a RU/VH (very high research activity) university, the highest classification for an academic institution. It is one of 108 universities to have such a designation. Additionally, the UO is one of only two Association of American Universities members in the Pacific Northwest.
As the flagship institution of the Oregon University System, the UO is one of the nation's premier public teaching and research universities. The current UO student body is composed of students from all 50 of the United States, the District of Columbia, two U.S. territories, and 89 countries around the world.
The Oregon State Legislature established the university on October 12, 1872, despite the new state's funding woes. The residents of Eugene struggled to help finance the institution, holding numerous fundraising events such as strawberry festivals, church socials, and produce sales. In total they raised $27,500, enough to buy seventeen acres of land. The doors officially opened in 1876, with Deady Hall its sole building. The first year of enrollment contained 155 students taught by five faculty members. The first graduating class was in 1878, graduating five students. In 1881, the university was nearly closed, it was $8,000 in debt before Henry Villard donated $7,000 toward to help pay for the debt. In 1913, and again in 1932, there were proposals to merge the university with what is now referred to as Oregon State University. Evidently, both proposals were defeated.
wn.com/University_of_Oregon -
University of Oxford
Coordinates: 51°45′40″N 1°15′12″W / 51.7611°N 1.2534°W / 51.7611; -1.2534
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University or Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In post-nominals, the University of Oxford was historically abbreviated as Oxon. (from the Latin Oxoniensis), although Oxf is now used in official university publications.
After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge, where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient English universities have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to their cultural and practical associations, as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.
wn.com/University_of_Oxford -
University of Pisa
Coordinates: 43°42′59.436″N 10°23′54.456″E / 43.71651°N 10.39846°E / 43.71651; 10.39846
The University of Pisa (Italian Università di Pisa), is a public university in Pisa, Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in the country. It was officially founded on September 3, 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI, although there had been lectures on law in Pisa since the 11th century. The University has Europe's oldest academic botanical garden (Orto botanico di Pisa), founded in 1544.
The University of Pisa is part of the Pisa University System, together with the Scuola Normale Superiore and the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies. It offers a wide range of courses. The Computer Science course at University of Pisa was the first one in the area to be activated in the whole Italy, during the 1960s.[clarification needed] The aerospace MSc courses are the first in Italy to be offered entirely in the English language.[citation needed] The university has about 57,000 students (of which 53,000 in undergraduate and postgraduate studies and 3,500 in doctoral and specialization studies). In the field of Italian philology, the University of Pisa leads the Consorzio ICoN, an inter-university consortium of 21 Italian universities supported by the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research. It's also the only university in Italy which has become a member of Universities Research Association.[citation needed]
wn.com/University_of_Pisa -
University of Tokyo
Coordinates: 35°42′48″N 139°45′44″E / 35.71333°N 139.76222°E / 35.71333; 139.76222
The University of Tokyo (informally Tokyo University) (東京大学, Tōkyō daigaku?), abbreviated as Todai (東大, Tōdai?), is a research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university in Japan. It ranks as the highest in Asia and 21st in the world in 2011 according to Academic Ranking of World Universities.
The university was chartered by the Meiji government in 1877 under its current name by amalgamating older government schools for medicine and Western learning. It was renamed "the Imperial University (帝國大學, Teikoku daigaku?)" in 1886, and then Tokyo Imperial University (東京帝國大學, Tōkyō teikoku daigaku?) in 1897 when the Imperial University system was created. In September 1923, an earthquake and the following fires destroyed about 700,000 volumes of the Imperial University Library. The books lost included the Hoshino Library (星野文庫, Hoshino bunko?), a collection of about 10,000 books. The books were the former possessions of Hoshino Hisashi before becoming part of the library of the university and were mainly about Chinese philosophy and history.
wn.com/University_of_Tokyo -
University of Utah
The University of Utah (also referred to as The U, the U of U or Utah) is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
As the state's flagship university, Utah offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 90 graduate degree programs. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utah's only medical school. As of 2011, there are 23,371 undergraduate students and 7,448 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 30,819; with 84% coming from Utah and 6% coming from foreign countries. Just over 10% of students live on campus.
The university's athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics (FBS for football) as a member of the Pacific-12 Conference. Its football team has received national attention in recent years for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl.
The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900.
wn.com/University_of_Utah -
Vassar College
Coordinates: 41°41′12.72″N 73°53′42.68″W / 41.6868667°N 73.8951889°W / 41.6868667; -73.8951889
Vassar College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, in the United States. The Vassar campus comprises over 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) and more than 100 buildings, including four National Historic Landmarks, ranging in style from Collegiate Gothic to International, designed over the course of the college’s history by a range of prominent architects, including James Renwick Jr., Eero Saarinen, Marcel Breuer, and Cesar Pelli. In a designated arboretum, the campus features more than 200 species of trees, a native plant preserve, and a 400-acre (1.6 km2) ecological preserve.
Vassar was founded as a women's college in 1861 and became coeducational in 1969.
Vassar was the first of the Seven Sisters colleges, higher education schools then strictly for women, and historically sister institutions to the Ivy League. It was founded by its namesake, brewer Matthew Vassar, in 1861 in the Hudson Valley, about 70 mi (115 km) north of New York City. The first person appointed to the Vassar faculty was the astronomer Maria Mitchell, in 1865. Vassar adopted coeducation in 1969. However, immediately following World War II, Vassar accepted a very small number of male students on the G.I. Bill. Because Vassar's charter prohibited male matriculants, the graduates were given diplomas via the University of the State of New York. These were reissued under the Vassar title after the school formally became co-educational. The decision to formally become co-ed came after its trustees declined an offer to merge with Yale University, its sibling institution, in the wave of mergers between the historically all-male colleges of the Ivy League and their Seven Sisters counterparts.
wn.com/Vassar_College -
Wales
Walesi/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] (
listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
wn.com/Wales -
Wellesley College
Coordinates: 42°17′43″N 71°18′24″W / 42.29528°N 71.30667°W / 42.29528; -71.30667
Wellesley College is a private women's liberal-arts college. Its campus is located in Wellesley, Massachusetts, west of Boston.
Pauline Fowle Durant, and her husband, Boston lawyer and lay preacher Henry Fowle Durant, founded the college in 1870; the first students enrolled in 1875. Wellesley is one of the original Seven Sisters Colleges. After the destruction of the central College Hall in 1914, the college adopted a master plan developed by Central Park landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., Arthur Shurcliff, and Ralph Adams Cram in 1921 and expanded into several new buildings. The campus hosted a Naval Reserve Officer training program during the second World War and began to significantly revise its curriculum after the war and through the late 1960s.
Wellesley enrolls approximately 2,400 students, who choose from over 1000 classes offered by 54 different departments and interdepartmental programs. The college also offers research collaborations and cross-registration programs with other Boston-area institutions, including Babson College, Olin College, MIT, and Brandeis University. Wellesley students have a number of traditions and also participate in 13 varsity sports in the NCAA Division III's New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference.
wn.com/Wellesley_College -
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college in Middletown, Connecticut, United States founded in 1831. According to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Wesleyan is the only Baccalaureate College in the nation that emphasizes undergraduate instruction in the arts and sciences, also provides graduate research in many academic disciplines, and grants PhD degrees primarily in the sciences and mathematics. Wesleyan is the second most productive liberal arts college in the United States with respect to the number of undergraduates who go on to earn PhDs in all fields of study.
Founded under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church and with the support of prominent residents of Middletown, the now secular university was the first institution of higher education to be named after John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. About 20 unrelated colleges and universities were subsequently named after Wesley. Wesleyan, along with Amherst College and Williams College, is a member of the historic Little Three colleges and has long been known as one of the Little Ivies.
wn.com/Wesleyan_University -
Woolsey Hall
Woolsey Hall is the primary auditorium at Yale University. Woolsey Hall, which seats 2,695 people, was built as part of a complex, including the Memorial Rotunda and the University Commons, for the Yale bicentennial celebration in 1901. The architects were Carrère and Hastings, designers of the New York Public Library.
The ornately decorated hall is home to the Newberry Memorial Organ, one of the most renowned orchestral organs in North America. This hall serves as the main performance venue for the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, the Yale Bands, the Yale Symphony Orchestra, the Yale Philharmonia, the Yale Glee Club, and many smaller, student-run ensembles such as a cappella singing groups.
Woolsey Hall's murals represent the ideal of a classical education and include images on the nine muses and the goddess Athena. They reflect the age when Yale was an all-male college. The Hall is entered via the Memorial Rotunda, a vestibule containing memorials to sons of Yale who lost their lives in the World Wars.
wn.com/Woolsey_Hall -
Wrexham
Coordinates: 53°02′47″N 2°59′36″W / 53.0463°N 2.9932°W / 53.0463; -2.9932
Wrexham ( /ˈrɛksəm/ REKS-əm; Welsh: Wrecsam; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈwrɛksam]) is the largest town in North Wales. It is the administrative centre of the wider Wrexham County Borough, located in the east of the region. It is situated between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley close to the border with Cheshire, England. As the largest town in the north of Wales, it is a major centre of the region's commercial, retail and educational infrastructure.
At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Wrexham had a population of 42,576, and the wider Wrexham Urban Area, as defined by the Office for National Statistics, had a population of 63,084. The county borough of Wrexham, which covers 50,500 hectares, has a population of over 130,000.
Wrexham's former police station on Regent Street, originally the barracks for the Royal Denbighshire Militia, is now home to Wrexham County Borough Museum. The museum has two galleries devoted to the history of the town and its surrounding communities.
wn.com/Wrexham -
Yale Divinity School
Yale Divinity School is a professional school at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, preparing students for ordained or lay ministry, or for the academy. The school grants the Master of Divinity (M.DIV.), Master of Arts in Religion (M.A.R.), and Master of Sacred Theology (S.T.M.) degrees. Both the M.Div. and the S.T.M. - being terminal degrees - earn the graduate the right to wear the Yale blue doctoral gown.[citation needed]
The Yale College was founded in 1701 for religious training, serving the Congregationalist churches of Connecticut. In its charter, it was designed as a school "wherein Youth may be instructed in the Arts & Sciences who through the blessing of Almighty God may be fitted for Publick employment both in Church & Civil State." A professorship of divinity was established in 1746 and in 1822, a separate department developed, later known as the Yale Divinity School.
The Berkeley Divinity School affiliated with Yale Divinity School in 1971. While Berkeley retains its Episcopal Church connection, its students are admitted by and fully enrolled as members of Yale Divinity School. The Jonathan Edwards Center at Yale University, a division of the divinity school, maintains a large collection of primary source materials about Jonathan Edwards, a 1720 Yale alumnus.
wn.com/Yale_Divinity_School -
Yale golf course
The Yale golf course, owned and operated in New Haven near the West Haven border by Yale University, is a fine example of early American golf course design, with large, deeply bunkered greens and narrow rolling fairways challenging the golfer; it is considered one of the best collegiate golf courses in the United States.
In 1988, Golf Magazine ranked Yale as the 71st most difficult course in the world. In particular, the 432-yard (395 m) par-4 fourth hole and the 238-yard (218 m) par-3 ninth hole have been ranked among the 100 most difficult holes.
The clubhouse is contemporary in design, but blends with the surrounding woodland. Inside, high ceilings and large windows offer magnificent views of the course and Connecticut's seasonal foliage, with a large dining room overlooking the third and fourth holes serving as the building's center. Gourmet food and fine wines are provided to the dining room and an adjoining sunny garden patio and deck by the club restaurant, Widdy's. The building also houses a unique hexagonal conference room with matching hexagonal conference table and a full service PGA pro shop, which contains the computerized national golf handicap system and sells, rents, and repairs the latest equipment, as well as selling golf apparel featuring Handsome Dan, the Yale bulldog mascot.
wn.com/Yale_golf_course -
Yale School of Drama
The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre: acting, design (set design, costume design, lighting design, projection design), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, playwriting, stage management, sound design, technical design and production, and theater management.
The school traces its roots to the Yale Dramatic Association, the second-oldest college theatre association in the country, founded in 1900. The "Dramat" produced the American premieres of Albert Camus's Caligula and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida, as well as original works by Cole Porter, Stephen Vincent Benet, and Thornton Wilder written when they were students. This lively dramatic tradition led to the funding, in 1924, by Yale benefactor Edward S. Harkness, to establish the Department of Drama in the School of Fine Arts, and for the construction of the University Theatre, designed by James Gamble Rogers. George Pierce Baker, a teacher of playwriting, was the first chairman of the department. The first Master of Fine Arts in drama was granted in 1931.
wn.com/Yale_School_of_Drama -
Yale School of Music
The Yale School of Music is one of the twelve professional schools at Yale University and one of the premier music conservatories in the world.
The School of Music offers three graduate degrees: Master of Music (MM), Master of Musical Arts (MMA), and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA). The School also offers a joint Bachelor of Arts—Master of Music program in conjunction with Yale College, a Certificate in Performance, and an Artist Diploma.
In November 2005, an anonymous donation of $100 million (later revealed to be from Yale alumnus Stephen Adams) endowed full scholarships for all students accepted to the Yale School of Music.
wn.com/Yale_School_of_Music -
Yale University
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
Incorporated as the "Collegiate School," the institution traces its roots to 17th-century clergymen who sought to establish a college to train clergy and political leaders for the colony. In 1718, the College was renamed "Yale College" to honor a gift from Elihu Yale, a governor of the British East India Company. In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the first U.S. school to award the PhD. Yale became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. Yale College was transformed, beginning in the 1930s, through the establishment of residential colleges: 12 now exist and two more are planned. Yale employs over 1,100 faculty to teach and advise about 5,300 undergraduate and 6,100 graduate and professional students. Almost all tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually.
wn.com/Yale_University
-
Abraham Pierson
Reverend Abraham Pierson (1646 – March 5, 1707) was the first rector, from 1701 to 1707, and one of the founders of the Collegiate School — which later became Yale University. He was born in Southampton, Long Island, where his father, the Rev. Abraham Pierson (Sr.), was the pastor of the Puritan (Congregational) church. At that time, Southampton and much of eastern Long Island were administered as part of the Connecticut Colony.
It is commonly stated that Abraham Pierson (Jr.) was born in Lynn, Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1640 or 1641. This claim conflicts with his gravestone in present-day Clinton, Connecticut [see note 5], as well as the period he spent as a student at Harvard (1664 to 1668).
Around 1647, Abraham's family moved from Southampton to Branford in what is now Connecticut. At that time, Branford was affiliated with the (unchartered) New Haven Colony. The plans to move from Southampton to Branford began in 1644 when Southampton chose to become affiliated with Connecticut instead of New Haven. Abraham's father was the pastor of the Puritan (Congregational) church in Branford from around 1647 to around 1667. [see note 6]
wn.com/Abraham_Pierson -
Alexandra Robbins
Alexandra Robbins (born in 1976) is a journalist, lecturer, and author. Her books focus on young adults, education, and modern college life and its aspects that are often overlooked or ignored by college administrators[citation needed]. Three of her five books have been New York Times Best Sellers.
She graduated from Walt Whitman High School in Bethesda, Maryland in 1994, the school profiled in The Overachievers; and summa cum laude from Yale University in 1998. She was editor-in-chief of her high school newspaper, the Black & White.
She has also written for a variety of publications, including Vanity Fair, The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, The Washington Post, USA Today, Cosmopolitan, and Salon.com. Robbins has appeared in the media, such as The Smart Woman Survival Guide, The O'Reilly Factor, 60 Minutes, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Coast To Coast AM, The Today Show, Paula Zahn Now, The View, The Colbert Report, CBS Early Show, and Anderson Cooper 360°, and networks including CNN, NPR, the BBC, MSNBC, CNBC, C-SPAN, and the History Channel.
wn.com/Alexandra_Robbins -
Alison Richard
Dame Alison Fettes Richard, DBE, DL (born 1 March 1948 in Kent, England) was the 344th Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. She was the first female Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge since the post became full-time. She is also the president of the Cambridge Network.
Richard was an undergraduate at Newnham College, Cambridge, before gaining a PhD at King's College London, and went on to have an academic career in Physical Anthropology with a specialization in lemurs. She chaired the Department of Anthropology at Yale from 1986 to 1990, and later served as director of Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History. Following that she was Franklin Muzzy Crosby Professor of the Human Environment in 1998. From 1994 until 2002, she was Provost of Yale University and was offered the post of Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge in 2003 following the end of Professor Alec Broers' seven year term. Her successor, Leszek Borysiewicz, was admitted in October 2010.
Richard was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.
wn.com/Alison_Richard -
Allen Forte
Allen Forte (born December 23, 1926) is a music theorist and musicologist. He was born in Portland, Oregon and fought in the Navy at the close of World War II before moving to the East Coast. He is now Battell Professor of Music, Emeritus at Yale University. Forte is arguably best known for his book The Structure of Atonal Music, in which he extrapolates from the serial theory of Milton Babbitt, proposing a musical "set theory" of pitch-class-set analysis analogous to mathematical set theory with the avowed intention of providing a method for the analysis of non-serial atonal music. The musicologist Richard Taruskin and the composer and music theorist George Perle are among the most vocal critics of this method. Forte was also the editor of the Journal of Music Theory during an important period in its development, from volume 4/2 (1960) through 11/1 (1967). His involvement with the journal, including many biographical details, is addressed in David Carson Berry, "Journal of Music Theory under Allen Forte's Editorship," Journal of Music Theory 50/1 (2006): 7-23.
wn.com/Allen_Forte -
Anderson Cooper
Anderson Hays Cooper (born June 3, 1967) is an American journalist, author, and television personality. He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360°. The program is normally broadcast live from a New York City studio; however, Cooper often broadcasts live on location for breaking news stories. As of September 2011, he also serves as host of his own eponymous syndicated daytime talk show, Anderson.
Anderson Hays Cooper was born on June 3, 1967, the younger son of the writer Wyatt Emory Cooper and the artist, designer, writer, and heiress Gloria Vanderbilt, and is a great-great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt of the prominent Vanderbilt shipping and railroad fortune. Cooper's media experience began early. As a baby, he was photographed by Diane Arbus for Harper's Bazaar. He is also a descendant, through his mother, of Brevet Major General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick who was with Union General William T. Sherman in his March through Georgia.
At the age of 3 Cooper was a guest on The Tonight Show on September 17, 1970, appearing with his mother. At the age of 9, he appeared on To Tell the Truth as an impostor. From age 10 to 13 Cooper modeled with Ford Models for Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Macy's.
wn.com/Anderson_Cooper -
Angela Bassett
Angela Evelyn Bassett (born August 16, 1958) is an American actress and comedienne. She has become well known for her biographical film roles portraying real life women in African American culture, including Tina Turner in What's Love Got to Do with It, as well as Betty Shabazz in Malcolm X and Panther, Rosa Parks in The Rosa Parks Story, Katherine Jackson in The Jacksons: An American Dream,and Voletta Wallace in Notorious.
Bassett was born Angela Evelyn Bassett in Harlem, New York on August 16, 1958, the daughter of Betty Jane and Daniel Benjamin Bassett. After her parents' separation, she relocated to St. Petersburg, Florida, where she and her sister D'nette were raised by their social worker/civil servant mother. As her interest in entertainment developed, Angela and her sister would often put on shows, reading poems or performing popular music for their family. At Boca Ciega High School, Bassett was a cheerleader and a member of the debate team, student government, drama club and choir.
wn.com/Angela_Bassett -
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 [O.S. January 3, 1740] – June 14, 1801) was a general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but defected to the British Army. While a general on the American side, he obtained command of the fort at West Point, New York, and plotted to surrender it to the British forces. After the plot was exposed in September 1780, he was commissioned into the British Army as a brigadier general.
Born in Connecticut, Arnold was a merchant operating ships on the Atlantic Ocean when the war broke out in 1775. After joining the growing army outside Boston, he distinguished himself through acts of intelligence and bravery. His actions included the Capture of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775, defensive and delaying tactics despite losing the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain in 1776, the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut (after which he was promoted to major general), operations in relief of the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal Battles of Saratoga in 1777, in which he suffered leg injuries that ended his combat career for several years.
wn.com/Benedict_Arnold -
Benjamin Silliman
Benjamin Silliman (8 August 1779 – 24 November 1864) was an American chemist, one of the first American professors of science (at Yale University), and the first to distill petroleum.
Silliman was born in a tavern in North Stratford, now Trumbull, Connecticut, a few months after his mother, Mary (Fish) Silliman (widow of John Noyes), fled for her life from their Fairfield, Connecticut, home to escape two thousand invading British troops that burned Fairfield center to the ground. The British forces had taken his father, General Gold Selleck Silliman, prisoner in May 1779.
He was educated at Yale, receiving an A.B. degree in 1796 and an A.M. in 1799. He studied law with Simeon Baldwin from 1798 to 1799 and became a tutor at Yale from 1799 to 1802. He was admitted to the bar in 1802. President Timothy Dwight IV of Yale proposed that he equip himself to teach in chemistry and natural history and accept a new professorship at the university. Silliman studied chemistry with Professor James Woodhouse at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and delivered his first lectures in chemistry at Yale in 1804. These lectures were the first science lectures ever given at Yale. In 1805, he traveled to Edinburgh for further study.
wn.com/Benjamin_Silliman -
Benjamin Spock
Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Throughout its first 52-years, Baby and Child Care was the second-best-selling book, next to the Bible. Its message to mothers is that "you know more than you think you do."
Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis to try to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas about childcare influenced several generations of parents to be more flexible and affectionate with their children, and to treat them as individuals. In addition to his pediatric work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s. At the time his books were criticized by Vietnam War supporters for allegedly propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratifications that led young people to join these movements, a charge Spock denied. Spock also won an Olympic gold medal in rowing in 1924 while attending Yale University.
wn.com/Benjamin_Spock -
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
wn.com/Bill_Clinton -
Bing Gordon
William "Bing" Gordon is an executive in the video game industry. He served ten years as Chief Creative Officer of video game publisher and developer Electronic Arts (EA) prior to his current partnership with Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB). He was a founding director of Audible.com and is currently a board member of Amazon, Ngmoco, and Zynga.
Gordon graduated from Cranbrook School in 1968. He studied drama and literature and earned a BA from Yale University. He waited tables at Max's Kansas City and acted off-Broadway in New York City. He turned down an offer from NYU's drama department[not in citation given] and moved to the Bay Area where he received an MBA from Stanford in 1978.
After working as an account executive at the advertising firm Ogilvy and Mather, Gordon joined EA in 1982 working as the marketing department. In 2005, he took a faculty chair position at the University of Southern California's Interactive Media Division after EA invested in the fledgling program. On April 28, 2008 Gordon announced plans to leave EA to join the venture capital KPCB starting June 2008.
wn.com/Bing_Gordon -
Camille Paglia
Camille Anna Paglia (English pronunciation: /ˈpɑːliə/), (born April 2, 1947) is an American author, teacher, and social critic. Paglia, a self-described dissident feminist, has been a Professor at The University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania since 1984. She is the author of the best-selling 1990 work of literary criticism Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson, and four other books, including essay collections, a study of Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds, and Break, Blow, Burn on poetry. She writes articles on art, popular culture, feminism, and politics for mainstream newspapers and magazines. Paglia has celebrated Madonna and taken radical libertarian positions on controversial social issues such as abortion, homosexuality and drug use. She is known as a critic of American feminism, and is also strongly critical of the influence of French writers such as Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault.
wn.com/Camille_Paglia -
Cary Nelson
Cary Nelson (1946), professor of English and Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is the current president of the American Association of University Professors and a prominent scholar-activist.
He received his Ph.D in English from University of Rochester 1970 and is a 1967 graduate of Antioch College. His scholarship of the 1970s and 80s worked to expand the canon of modern American poetry, and since the 1990s he has increasingly focused on issues in higher education. In the words of Alan Wald, "With the appearance of Manifesto of a Tenured Radical in 1997, Cary became the national exemplar of the committed scholar who conceived of the advance of his own career in the context of the amelioration of the rank-and-file of the academic community; more specifically, graduate students, part-time employees, and campus workers." Nelson has also played an important role in promoting cultural studies in the American academy, and in 1981 he founded the Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory.
wn.com/Cary_Nelson -
Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens ( /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈdɪkɪnz/; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic who is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and the creator of some of the world's most memorable fictional characters. During his lifetime Dickens' works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, but it was in the twentieth century that his literary genius was fully recognized by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to enjoy an enduring popularity among the general reading public.
Born in Portsmouth, England, Dickens left school to work in a factory after his father was thrown into debtors' prison. Though he had little formal education, his early impoverishment drove him to succeed. He edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels and hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for children's rights, education, and other social reforms.
wn.com/Charles_Dickens -
Charles Ives
Charles Edward Ives (October 20, 1874 – May 19, 1954) was an American modernistcomposer. He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though Ives' music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, Ives came to be regarded as an "American Original". Ives combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatoric elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century.
Sources of Ives' tonal imagery are hymn tunes and traditional songs, the town band at holiday parade, the fiddlers at Saturday night dances, patriotic songs, sentimental parlor ballads, and the melodies of Stephen Foster.
Charles Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut in 1874, the son of George Ives, a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War, and his wife Mary Parmelee. A strong influence of Charles's may have been sitting in the Danbury town square, listening to his father's marching band and other bands on other sides of the square simultaneously. George Ives' unique music lessons were also a strong influence on Charles; George Ives took an open-minded approach to musical theory, encouraging his son to experiment in bitonal and polytonal harmonizations. It was from his father that Charles Ives also learned the music of Stephen Foster. Ives became a church organist at the age of 14 and wrote various hymns and songs for church services, including his Variations on 'America' .
wn.com/Charles_Ives -
Clarence Thomas
Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Succeeding Thurgood Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the Court.
Thomas grew up in Savannah, Georgia and was educated at the College of the Holy Cross and at Yale Law School. In 1974, he was appointed an Assistant Attorney General in Missouri and subsequently practiced law there in the private sector. In 1979, he became a legislative assistant to Missouri United States Senator John Danforth and in 1981 was appointed Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan appointed Thomas Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC); he served in that position until 1990, when President George H. W. Bush nominated him for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
On July 1, 1991, after 16 months of service as a judge, Thomas was nominated by Bush to fill Marshall's seat on the United States Supreme Court. Thomas's confirmation hearings were bitter and intensely fought, centering on an accusation that he had made unwelcome sexual comments to attorney Anita Hill, a subordinate at the Department of Education and subsequently at the EEOC. The U.S. Senate ultimately confirmed Thomas by a vote of 52–48.
wn.com/Clarence_Thomas -
Cleanth Brooks
Cleanth Brooks (October 16, 1906 – May 10, 1994) was an influential American literary critic and professor. He is best known for his contributions to New Criticism in the mid-twentieth century and for revolutionizing the teaching of poetry in American higher education. His best-known works, The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry (1947) and Modern Poetry and the Tradition (1939), argue for the centrality of ambiguity and paradox as a way of understanding poetry. With his writing, Brooks helped to formulate formalist criticism, emphasizing “the interior life of a poem” (Leitch 2001) and codifying the principles of close reading.
Brooks was also the preeminent critic of Southern literature, writing classic texts on William Faulkner, and co-founder of the influential journal, The Southern Review (Leitch 2001) with Robert Penn Warren.
wn.com/Cleanth_Brooks -
Cole Porter
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 – October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. Born to a wealthy family in Indiana, he defied the wishes of his domineering grandfather and took up music as a profession. Classically trained, he was drawn towards musical theatre. After a slow start, he began to achieve success in the 1920s, and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Broadway musical stage. Unlike most successful Broadway composers, Porter wrote both the lyrics and the music for his songs.
After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937, Porter was left disabled and in constant pain, but he continued to work. His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and 30s, but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical, Kiss Me, Kate.
Porter's other musicals include Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady, Anything Goes and Can-Can, and his numerous hit songs include "Night and Day", "I Get a Kick out of You", "Well, Did You Evah!" and "I've Got You Under My Skin". He also composed scores for films from the 1930s to the 1950s. He was noted for his sophisticated, suggestive lyrics, clever rhymes and complex forms.
wn.com/Cole_Porter -
Cyrus Vance
Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917 – January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to that position he was the Secretary of the Army and the Deputy Secretary of Defense.
As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, Vance resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. He was succeeded by Edmund Muskie.
Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of 1924 Democratic presidential candidate and lawyer John W. Davis. He was the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr.
Vance was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He graduated from Kent School in 1935 and earned a bachelor's degree in 1939 from Yale University, where he was a member of the secret society Scroll and Key. He also earned three varsity letters in ice hockey at Yale. He graduated from Yale Law School in 1942.
wn.com/Cyrus_Vance -
David Brion Davis
David Brion Davis (born February 16, 1927) is an American historian and authority on slavery and abolition in the Western world. He is the Sterling Professor of History Emeritus at Yale University, and founder and Director Emeritus of Yale’s Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition. He is a foremost intellectual and cultural historian. The author and editor of sixteen books, and frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books, Davis has played a principal role in explaining the latest historiography to a broad audience. His books emphasize religious and ideological links among material conditions, political interests, and new political values. Ideology, in his view, is not a deliberate distortion of reality or a façade for material interests; rather, it is the conceptual lens through which groups of people perceive the world around them.
Davis taught at Yale from 1970 to 2001, after serving on the Cornell University faculty for 14 years. He has held one-year appointments as the Harmsworth Professor at Oxford University, at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, and as the first French-American Foundation Chair in American Civilization at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris.
wn.com/David_Brion_Davis -
David Graeber
David Rolfe Graeber (born 12 February 1961) is an American anthropologist and anarchist who is Reader in Social Anthropology at Goldsmiths, University of London. He was an associate professor of anthropology at Yale University, although Yale controversially declined to rehire him, and his term there ended in June 2007. Graeber has been involved in social and political activism, including the protests against the World Economic Forum in New York City in 2002 and Occupy Wall Street. He is a member of the labor union Industrial Workers of the World and of the Interim Committee for the emerging International Organization for a Participatory Society.
Graeber's parents, who were in their forties when Graeber was born, were self-taught working-class intellectuals. Graeber's mother, Ruth Rubenstein, had been a garment worker, and played the lead role in the 1930s musical comedy revue Pins & Needles, staged by the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union. Graeber's father Kenneth, who was affiliated with the Youth Communist League, participated in the Spanish Revolution in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War. He later worked as a plate stripper on offset printers. Graeber grew up in New York, in a cooperative apartment building described by Business Week magazine as "suffused with radical politics." Graeber has been an anarchist since the age of 16, according to an interview he gave to The Village Voice in 2005.
wn.com/David_Graeber -
David Lewin
David Lewin (July 2, 1933–May 5, 2003) was an American music theorist, music critic and composer. Called "the most original and far-ranging theorist of his generation" (Cohn 2001), he did his most influential theoretical work on the development of transformational theory, which involves the application of mathematical group theory to music.
Lewin was born in New York City and studied piano from a young age. He graduated from Harvard in 1954 with a degree in mathematics. Lewin then studied theory and composition with Roger Sessions, Milton Babbitt, Edward Cone, and Earl Kim at Princeton University, earning an M.F.A. in 1958. He returned to Harvard as a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1958–61. Following teaching positions at the University of California, Berkeley (1961–1967), the State University of New York at Stony Brook (1967–1979), and Yale University (1979–1985), he returned to Harvard as the Walter W. Naumberg Professor of Music in 1985. Lewin was a Guggenheim Foundation Fellow in 1983–1984, served as the president of the Society for Music Theory from 1985–1988 and was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Chicago in 1995, from the New England Conservatory of Music in 2000, and posthumously from Université Marc Bloch de Strasbourg, France, in 2006.
wn.com/David_Lewin -
Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Acheson's most famous decision was convincing President Truman to intervene in the Korean War in June 1950. He also persuaded Truman to dispatch aid and advisors to French forces in Indochina, though in 1968 he finally counseled President Lyndon B. Johnson to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy called upon Acheson for advice, bringing him into the executive committee (ExComm), a strategic advisory group.
In the late 1940s Acheson came under heavy attack over Truman's policy toward China, and for Acheson's defense of State Department employees (such as Alger Hiss) accused during the anti-Communist Red Scare investigations of Senator Joseph McCarthy and others.
wn.com/Dean_Acheson -
Dick Cavett
Richard Alva Cavett (English pronunciation: /ˈkævɨt/; born November 19, 1936) — known as Dick Cavett — is a former American television talk show host known for his conversational style and in-depth discussion of issues. Cavett appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s.
In recent years, Cavett has written a blog for the New York Times, promoted DVDs of his former shows, and hosted replays of his classic TV interviews with Groucho Marx, Katharine Hepburn, and others on Turner Classic Movies channel.
Cavett was born in Nebraska, but sources differ as to the specific town, locating his birthplace in either Gibbon, where his family lived, or nearby Kearney, the location of the nearest hospital. His mother Erabel "Era" (née Richards) and his father Alva B. Cavett both worked as educators. When asked by Lucille Ball on his own show about his heritage, he said he was "Scottish, Irish, English, and possibly partly French, and, and uh, a dose of German." He also mentioned that one grandfather "came over" from England, and the other from Wales. Cavett's grandparents all lived in Grand Island, Nebraska. His paternal grandparents were Alva A. Cavett and Gertrude Pinsch. His paternal grandfather was from Diller, Nebraska and his paternal grandmother was an immigrant from Aachen, Germany.[citation needed] His maternal grandparents were the Rev. R. R. and Etta Mae Richards. Rev. Richards was from Carmarthen, Wales and was a Baptist minister who served parishes across central Nebraska.[citation needed]
wn.com/Dick_Cavett -
Eero Saarinen
Eero Saarinen (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈeːro ˈsɑːrinen]) (August 20, 1910 – September 1, 1961) was a Finnish American architect and industrial designer of the 20th century famous for varying his style according to the demands of the project: simple, sweeping, arching structural curves or machine-like rationalism.
Eero Saarinen shared the same birthday as his father, Eliel Saarinen. They emigrated to the United States of America in 1923, when Eero was thirteen. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father was a teacher at the Cranbrook Academy of Art and he took courses in sculpture and furniture design there. He had a close relationship with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (née Schust).
Beginning in September 1929, he studied sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris, France. He then went on to study at the Yale School of Architecture, completing his studies in 1934. Subsequently, he toured Europe and North Africa for a year and returned for a year to his native Finland, after which he returned to Cranbrook to work for his father and teach at the academy. He became a naturalized citizen of the U.S. in 1940. Saarinen was recruited by his friend, who was also an architect, to join the military service in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Saarinen was assigned to draw illustrations for bomb disassembly manuals and to provide designs for the Situation Room in the White House. Saarinen worked full time for the OSS until 1944. After his father's death in 1950, Saarinen founded his own architect's office, "Eero Saarinen and Associates". Eero Saarinen died of a brain tumor in 1961 at the age of 51.
wn.com/Eero_Saarinen -
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. Whitney's invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States (regardless of whether Whitney intended that or not). Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention into securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for the newly formed continental army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825.
Whitney was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, the eldest child of Eli Whitney Sr., a prosperous farmer, and his wife Elizabeth Fay of Westborough.
Although the younger Eli, born in 1765, could technically be called a "Junior", history has never known him as such. He was famous during his lifetime and afterward by the name "Eli Whitney". His son, born in 1820, also named Eli, was well known during his lifetime and afterward by the name "Eli Whitney, Jr."
wn.com/Eli_Whitney -
Elia Kazan
Elia Kazan (IPA: [eˈlia kaˈzan]; September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was an American director, producer, writer and actor, described by The New York Times as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history". He was born in Istanbul, Ottoman Empire, to Greek parents. After studying acting at Yale, he acted professionally for eight years, later joining the Group Theater in 1932, and co-founded the Actors Studio in 1947. With Lee Strasberg, he introduced Method acting to the American stage and cinema as a new form of self-expression and psychological "realism". Kazan acted in only a few films, including City for Conquest (1940).
Kazan introduced a new generation of unknown young actors to the movie audiences, including Marlon Brando and James Dean. Noted for drawing out the best dramatic performances from his actors, he directed 21 actors to Oscar nominations, resulting in nine wins. He became "one of the consummate filmmakers of the 20th century" after directing a string of successful films, including, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), and East of Eden (1955). During his career, he won two Oscars as Best Director and received an Honorary Oscar, won three Tony Awards, and four Golden Globes. Among the other actors he introduced to movie audences were Warren Beatty, Carroll Baker, Julie Harris, Andy Griffith, Lee Remick, Rip Torn, Eli Wallach, Eva Marie Saint, Martin Balsam, Fred Gwynne, and Pat Hingle.
wn.com/Elia_Kazan -
Elihu Yale
Elihu Yale (April 5, 1649 – July 8, 1721) was a Welsh merchant and philanthropist, governor of the East India Company settlement at Madras and a benefactor of the Collegiate School of Connecticut, which in 1718 was named Yale College in his honor.
Born in Boston, Colony of Massachusetts to David Yale (1613–1690) and Ursula Knight (1624–1698), Yale was the grandson of Ann Lloyd (1591–1659), who after the death of her first husband, Thomas Yale (1590–1619) in Chester, Cheshire, England, married Governor Theophilus Eaton (1590–1657) of New Haven Colony. In 1652, when Elihu was three years old, the Yale family moved back to England and never returned to North America.
Yale's ancestry can be traced back to the family estate at Plas yn Iâl near the village of Llandegla, Denbighshire, Wales. The name Yale is the English spelling of the Welsh place name, Iâl.
For 20 years, Yale was part of the British East India Company, and he became the second governor of a settlement at Madras (now Chennai), India, in 1687, after Streynsham Master. He was instrumental in the development of the Government General Hospital, housed at Fort St. George. Yale amassed a fortune in his lifetime, largely through secret contracts with Madras merchants, against the East India Company's directive. By 1692, Elihu Yale's repeated flouting of East India Company regulations and growing embarrassment at his illegal profiteering resulted in his being relieved of the post of governor.
wn.com/Elihu_Yale -
Elisabeth Bumiller
Elisabeth Bumiller (born May 15, 1956) is an American author and journalist who is currently the Pentagon correspondent for the New York Times.
Born in Aalborg, Denmark to a Danish mother and American father, Bumiller moved to the U.S. when she was three years old. She moved to Cincinnati, where she graduated from Walnut Hills High School in 1974, and was inducted into their Alumni Hall of Fame on April 30, 2011. She is a 1977 graduate of Northwestern University and in 1979 of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
She was a reporter for the Washington Post in Washington, New Delhi, Tokyo, and New York, before joining the New York Times.
She has been married since 1983 to Steven R. Weisman, also a former White House correspondent, who reported from India and Japan for the New York Times and is now editorial director and public policy fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. The couple have two children.
Bumiller was the Times' White House correspondent from September 10, 2001 until 2007. She has been criticized, along with other White House reporters, for not questioning George W. Bush aggressively during a press conference in the run-up to the Iraq war. Bumiller said, on the press conference in 2003 on the eve of the U.S. invasion of Iraq:
wn.com/Elisabeth_Bumiller -
Ernest Lawrence
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American physicist and Nobel Laureate, known for his invention, utilization, and improvement of the cyclotron atom-smasher beginning in 1929, based on his studies of the works of Rolf Widerøe, and his later work in uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project. Lawrence had a long career at the University of California, Berkeley, where he became a Professor of Physics. In 1939, Lawrence was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in inventing the cyclotron and developing its applications. Chemical element number 103 is named "lawrencium" in Lawrence's honor. He was also the first recipient of the Sylvanus Thayer Award. His brother John H. Lawrence was known for pioneering in the field of nuclear medicine.
Ernest Orlando Lawrence was born in Canton, South Dakota. His parents, Carl Gustavus and Gunda (née Jacobson) Lawrence, were both the offspring of Norwegian immigrants who had met while teaching at the high school in Canton, South Dakota, where his father was also the superintendent of schools. Growing up, his best friend was Merle Tuve, who would also go on to become a highly accomplished nuclear physicist.
wn.com/Ernest_Lawrence -
Ernesto Zedillo
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (born December 27, 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician. He served as President of Mexico from December 1, 1994 to November 30, 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted seventy year line of Mexican presidents from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Since the ending of his term as president in 2000, Zedillo has been a leading voice on globalization, especially its impact on relations between developed and developing nations.
He is currently Director of the Center for the Study of Globalization at Yale University and director of Citi Group.
Ernesto Zedillo was born on December 27, 1951 in Mexico City. His parents were Rodolfo Zedillo Castillo, a mechanic, and Martha Alicia Ponce de León. Seeking better job and education opportunities for his children, his parents moved to Mexicali, Baja California.
His humble origins made him appreciate the idea of progress and self improvement, even though he was well aware of the few opportunities he had for this. Zedillo was educated in public schools in Mexicali where he was recognized as an excellent student. During his adolescence, young Ernesto actively participated in school events, such as alumni societies and head of the school newspaper.
wn.com/Ernesto_Zedillo -
Ezra Stiles
Ezra Stiles (November 29, 1727 – May 12, 1795) was an American academic and educator, a Congregationalist minister, theologian and author. He was president of Yale College (1778–1795).
Born the son of the Rev. Isaac Stiles in North Haven, Connecticut, Ezra Stiles graduated from Yale in 1746. He studied theology and was ordained in 1749, tutoring at Yale from that year until 1755. Resigning from the ministry, he studied law and practiced at New Haven from 1753 to 1755, when he returned to the ministry for 22 years. Trinity Church, the Anglican Church in Newport, Rhode Island, offered him an opportunity to become its minister, but he turned the offer down to become pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Newport, Rhode Island from 1755 until 1777. While in Newport, he also served as Librarian of the Redwood Library and Athenaeum and kept an informative diary of his life and distinguished acquaintances in Newport, including his association with Aaron Lopez. The Ezra Stiles House in Newport is on the National Historic Register. With arrival of British troops in Newport in late 1776, Stiles left Newport and became pastor of the Congregational Church at Portsmouth, New Hampshire from 1777 until 1778, when he became president of Yale until his death. Stiles owned at least one slave, named "Newport," whom he freed on June 9, 1778.
wn.com/Ezra_Stiles -
Fareed Zakaria
Fareed Rafiq Zakaria ( /fəˈriːd zəˈkɑriə/; Konkani/Hindi: फ़रीद राफ़िक़ ज़कारिया, Urdu: فرید رفیق زکریا; born January 20, 1964) is an Indian-American journalist and author. From 2000 to 2010, he was a columnist for Newsweek and editor of Newsweek International. In 2010 he became editor-at-large of Time magazine. He is also the host of CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS, and a frequent commentator and author about issues related to international relations, trade and American foreign policy.
In 2010, the government of India honored him with the Padma Bhushan for his contribution towards journalism.
Zakaria was born in Mumbai (then Bombay), Maharashtra, India, to a Konkani Muslim family. His father, Rafiq Zakaria, was a politician associated with the Indian National Congress and an Islamic scholar. His mother, Fatima Zakaria, was for a time the editor of the Sunday Times of India.
Zakaria attended the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai. He received a Bachelor of Arts from Yale University, where he was president of the Yale Political Union, editor-in-chief of the Yale Political Monthly, a member of the Scroll and Key society, and a member of the Party of the Right. He later earned a Doctor of Philosophy in political science from Harvard University in 1993, where he studied under Samuel P. Huntington and Stanley Hoffmann, as well as international relations theorist Robert Keohane.
wn.com/Fareed_Zakaria -
Frances McDormand
Frances Louise McDormand (born June 23, 1957) is an American film and stage actress. She has starred in a number of films, including her Academy Award-winning performance as Marge Gunderson in Fargo, in 1996. She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 2011 for her performance in Good People as Margie Walsh, having been nominated for the same category in 1988 for the revival of A Streetcar Named Desire.
McDormand is a three-time nominee of the Academy Award For Best Supporting Actress for her performances in Mississippi Burning, Almost Famous, and North Country, and has also been nominated for four Golden Globes, three BAFTA Awards, and an Emmy Award. She also starred in the Coen Brothers debut, Blood Simple.
McDormand was born in Chicago and was adopted by the McDormands, a Canadian couple – Noreen, a registered nurse and receptionist, and Vernon, a Disciples of Christ pastor. She has said that her biological mother may have been one of the parishioners at Vernon's church. She has a sister, Dorothy A. McDormand, who is an ordained Disciples of Christ minister and chaplain, as well as another sibling, both of whom were adopted by the McDormands, who had no biological children. As her father specialized in restoring congregations, he frequently moved their family, and they lived in several small towns in Illinois, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, before settling in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area town of Monessen, where she graduated from high school in 1976. She attended Bethany College, West Virginia, and earned a B.A. in Theater in 1979.
wn.com/Frances_McDormand -
Frederic Remington
Frederic Sackrider Remington (October 4, 1861 – December 26, 1909) was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in depictions of the Old American West, specifically concentrating on the last quarter of the 19th century American West and images of cowboys, American Indians, and the U. S. Cavalry.
Remington was born in Canton, New York in 1861 to Seth Pierre Remington (1830–1880) and Clara Bascomb Sackrider, whose paternal family owned hardware stores and emigrated from Alsace-Lorraine in the early 18th century. Remington’s father was a colonel in the Civil War whose family arrived in the United States from England in 1637. He was a newspaper editor and postmaster, and the family was active in local politics and staunchly Republican. One of Remington’s great grandfathers, Samuel Bascom, was a saddle maker by trade, and the Remingtons were fine horsemen. Frederic Remington was related by family bloodlines to Indian portrait artist George Catlin and cowboy sculptor Earl W. Bascom.
wn.com/Frederic_Remington -
Gaddis Smith
George Gaddis Smith is the Larned professor emeritus of history at Yale University and an expert on American foreign relations and maritime history.
He has spent virtually his entire career at Yale. After graduating from the Pingry School in 1950, he received his bachelor's degree from Yale in 1954, where he served as chairman of the Yale Daily News. In 1961, he earned his PhD in history from Yale. In over forty years of teaching at the university, he chaired the Department of History, served as master of Pierson College and directed the Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
His book on the history of the university, Yale in the 20th Century, was to be published in August 2007. Publication has been delayed, and it has not yet been released. He continues to teach the occasional seminar at Yale.
Smith received several awards from Yale College for his work there:
One of his former students is President George W. Bush.
Smith has authored over 200 articles, essays and reviews in The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, Foreign Affairs, and various historical journals. He has also published six books:
wn.com/Gaddis_Smith -
Gary Hart
Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He served as a Democratic Senator representing Colorado (1975–1987), and ran in the U.S. presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988, when he was considered a frontrunner for the Democratic nomination until various news organizations reported that he was having an extramarital affair. Since retiring from the Senate, he has emerged as a consultant on national security, and continues to speak on a wide range of issues, including the environment and homeland security. In 2001, he earned a doctorate in politics from Oxford. In 2006, Hart accepted an endowed professorship at the University of Colorado at Denver. He also serves as Chairman for Council for a Livable World. He has written or co-authored numerous books and articles, including four novels, two under the pen name John Blackthorn.
Hart was born in Ottawa, Kansas, the son of Nina (née Pritchard) and Carl Riley Hartpence, a farm equipment salesman. He changed his last name to "Hart" in 1961. He attended Bethany Nazarene College in Bethany, Oklahoma, graduating in 1958. He graduated from Yale Divinity School in 1961 and Yale Law School in 1964.
wn.com/Gary_Hart -
Gene Siskel
Eugene Kal "Gene" Siskel (January 26, 1946 – February 20, 1999) was an American film critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted the popular review show Siskel & Ebert At the Movies from 1975 until his death.
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Siskel was raised by his aunt and uncle after both his parents died when he was ten years old. He attended Culver Academies, graduated in Philosophy at Yale University in 1967, where he studied writing under Pulitzer Prize-winning author John Hersey, who helped him land a job at the Chicago Tribune in 1969. In 1975, Siskel teamed up with Roger Ebert, film reviewer for the Chicago Sun-Times, to host a show on the local Chicago PBS station WTTW which eventually became Sneak Previews. Their "thumbs-up, thumbs-down" system soon became an easily recognizable trademark, popular enough to be parodied on comedy shows such as In Living Color, cartoon strips like Calvin and Hobbes (April, 1988) and in movies such as Hollywood Shuffle and Godzilla. Sneak Previews gained a country-wide audience in 1978 when it was carried on PBS.
wn.com/Gene_Siskel -
Geoffrey Hartman
Geoffrey H. Hartman (born 1929) is a German-bornAmerican literary theorist, sometimes identified with the Yale School of deconstruction, but also has written on a wide range of subjects, and cannot be categorized by a single school or method.
Hartman was born in Germany, in an Ashkenazi Jewish family. In 1939 he left Germany for England as an unaccompanied Kindertransport child refugee, sent away by his family to escape the Nazi regime. He came to the United States in 1946, where he was reunited with his mother, and later became an American citizen.
He is now Sterling Professor Emeritus & Senior Research Scholar of English and Comparative Literature at Yale University. One of his long-term interests is the English poet, William Wordsworth.
His work explores the distinction between literature and literary commentator. He helped found the Yale Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, and lectures on issues dealing with the production and implications of testimony.
wn.com/Geoffrey_Hartman -
George Berkeley
George Berkeley ( /ˈbɑrkliː/; 12 March 1685 – 14 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne), was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers, and as a result cannot exist without being perceived. Thus, as Berkeley famously put it, for physical objects "esse est percipi" ("to be is to be perceived"). Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism.
In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and color. This foreshadowed his chief philosophical work A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge in 1710 which, after its poor reception, he rewrote in dialogue form and published under the title Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in 1713.
In this book, Berkeley's views were represented by Philonous (Greek: 'lover of mind'), while Hylas (Greek: 'matter') embodies the Irish thinker’s opponents, in particular John Locke. Berkeley argued against Sir Isaac Newton's doctrine of absolute space, time and motion in De Motu (on Motion), published 1721. His arguments were a precursor to the views of Mach and Einstein. In 1732, he published Alciphron, a Christian apologetic against the free-thinkers, and in 1734, he published The Analyst, an empiricist critique of the foundations of infinitesimal calculus, which was influential in the development of mathematics.
wn.com/George_Berkeley -
George Pataki
George Elmer Pataki (/pəˈtɑːki/; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995 until December 31, 2006.
Pataki's paternal grandfather was János (later John) Pataki (1883–1971) of Aranyos-Apáti, Hungary, who came to the United States in 1908 and worked in a hat factory. János had married Erzsébet (later Elizabeth; 1887 – 1975) around 1904. Their son, Pataki's father, was Louis P. Pataki (1912–1996), a mailman. Pataki's maternal grandfather was Matteo Laganà (born in Calabria, Italy in 1889), who married Agnes Lynch of County Louth, Ireland around 1914. Their daughter, Margaret Lagana, is Pataki's mother. He has an older brother, Louis. George Pataki can still speak a little Hungarian today.
Pataki married Elizabeth Rowland in 1973, and they have four children: Emily, Teddy, Allison, and Owen.
After attending Peekskill High School, he entered Yale University in 1964 on an academic scholarship, and graduated in 1967. While there he served as chairman of the Conservative Party of the Yale Political Union. He received his J.D. from Columbia Law School in 1970.
wn.com/George_Pataki -
George Roy Hill
George Roy Hill (December 20, 1921 – December 27, 2002) was an American film director. He is most noted for directing such films as Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and The Sting, which both starred the acting duo Paul Newman and Robert Redford. Other notable films are Slaughterhouse-Five, The World According to Garp, The World of Henry Orient, Hawaii, Thoroughly Modern Millie, The Great Waldo Pepper, Slap Shot, Funny Farm, A Little Romance with Laurence Olivier, and The Little Drummer Girl.
He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to George Roy and Helen Frances Owens Hill, part of a well-to-do Roman Catholic family with interests in the newspaper business; the family owned the Minneapolis Tribune. Hill was no relation to George W. Hill, director and cinematographer of numerous silent movies and early sound films in the 1920s and early 1930s. He was educated at The Blake School, one of Minnesota's most prestigious private schools. He had a love of flying. After school, he liked to visit the airport and his hobby was to memorize the records of World War I flying aces. He idolized U.S. pilot Speed Holman who, Hill once explained, "used to make his approach to the spectators at state fairs flying past the grandstand upside down." Hill obtained his pilot’s licence at the age of 16. Airplanes featured prominently in his later films and are frequently crashed as well — in Slaughterhouse-Five, The World According to Garp and especially The Great Waldo Pepper which showed the influence on Hill of pilots like Speed Holman.
wn.com/George_Roy_Hill -
Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment (after Spiro Agnew had resigned), when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he became the only President of the United States who was never elected President nor Vice-President by the Electoral College. Before ascending to the vice-presidency, Ford served nearly 25 years as the Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, eight of them as the Republican Minority Leader.
As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over arguably the weakest economy since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. During Ford's incumbency, foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play, and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President. In 1976, Ford narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination, but lost the presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter.
wn.com/Gerald_Ford -
Gifford Pinchot
Gifford Pinchot (August 11, 1865 – October 4, 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910) and the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania (1923–1927, 1931–1935). He was a Republican and Progressive.
Pinchot is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal. He called it "the art of producing from the forest whatever it can yield for the service of man." Pinchot coined the term conservation ethic as applied to natural resources.
Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest "as though it were spelled pin'cho, with slight emphasis on the first syllable."
Gifford Pinchot was born in Simsbury, Connecticut, in 1865; he graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy and Yale University in 1889, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. He studied as a postgraduate at the French National School of Forestry, in Nancy, for a year. He returned home and plunged into the nascent forestry movement, intent on shaping a national forest policy.
wn.com/Gifford_Pinchot -
Gordon Bunshaft
Gordon Bunshaft (May 9, 1909 – August 6, 1990) was an architect educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1988, Gordon Bunshaft nominated himself for the Pritzker Prize and eventually won it.
Born in Buffalo, New York to Russian immigrant parents of a Jewish decent, where he attended Lafayette High School, an architecturally significant building, Bunshaft was a modernist whose early influences included Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier. His best-known design is the Lever House, built as a corporate headquarters for the soap company Lever Brothers. His design for the Manufacturers Hanover Trust Branch Bank (1953), the first post-war 'transparent' bank on the east coast, is a modernist gem.
Bunshaft worked with Edward Durell Stone, worked three months for industrial designer Raymond Loewy, whom he considered a phony, and eventually became a partner in the New York office of the young firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.
Bunshaft's only single-family residence is the 2300 square foot (210 m²) Travertine House, built for his own family. On his death he left the house to MoMA, which sold it to Martha Stewart in 1995. Her extensive remodelling stalled amid an acrimonious planning dispute with a neighbour, and when she sold the house to textile magnate Donald Maharam in 2005 he described the house as "decrepit and largely beyond repair" and demolished it. [1] [2]
wn.com/Gordon_Bunshaft -
Hanna Holborn Gray
Hanna Holborn Gray (born October 25, 1930), is a historian of political thought in the area of the Renaissance and Reformation, and an emerita professor and former President of the University of Chicago.
Gray was born in Heidelberg, Germany, the daughter of Hajo Holborn, a professor of European history who fled to America from Nazi Germany, and Annemarie Bettmann, a philologist. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College and traveled to Oxford as a Fulbright Scholar. She met and married Charles Montgomery Gray in 1954 while both were graduate students at Harvard University, earned a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1957, and taught there, becoming an assistant professor in 1959.
She moved to Chicago when her husband obtained a position at the University of Chicago and she herself obtained a position there, becoming a tenured faculty member in 1964. From 1966-1970, she served as a co-editor of the Journal of Modern History with her husband Charles.
Gray rose to prominence as an administrator when she was appointed to a committee to investigate whether a sociology professor had been denied tenure because of her gender and political sympathies.
wn.com/Hanna_Holborn_Gray -
Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (born July 11, 1930) is an American literary critic and is Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University. Since the publication of his first book in 1959, Bloom has written more than 20 books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and one novel. He has edited hundreds of anthologies.
Bloom teaches two classes at Yale: one on the plays of William Shakespeare; the other on poetry from Geoffrey Chaucer to Hart Crane. Some of his writing had reflected this teaching, from Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human (1998) to The Anatomy of Influence (2011), which he has called the summa of his career.
Bloom's career began with decades of studying the Romantic poets, in particular Percy Bysshe Shelley, W. B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens. From this study, combined with the influence of Freud, Emerson and many others, Bloom developed theories of poetic influence, marked by the publication of The Anxiety of Influence (1973). These theories dominated his writing for a decade, after which he began to focus on what he named "religious criticism", in books such as The Book of J (1990) and The American Religion (1992). Another shift in his career began with an impassioned defense of the non-politicised teaching of canonical literature in The Western Canon (1994). He has continued his religious criticism in books such as Jesus and Yahweh (2005) and The Shadow of a Great Rock: A Literary Appreciation of The King James Bible (2011).
wn.com/Harold_Bloom -
Harold Stanley
Harold Stanley (October 2, 1885 – May 14, 1963) was an American businessman and one of the founders of Morgan Stanley in 1935. He ran Morgan Stanley until 1955.
Stanley was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, went to the Hotchkiss School, and graduated from Yale University in 1908. He was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society.
He married Edith Thurston, daughter of William Harris Thurston, in 1914. She died in 1934, and he married Louise Todd, widow of Seymour Parker Gilbert, in 1934. He had stepchildren, but no children from either of his marriages.
He became a vice-president of the bond department of the Guaranty Trust Company of New York in 1916, eventually spinning the division off into a separate and subsidiary securities company, the Guaranty Company, where he worked in cooperation with J. P. Morgan, who invited Stanley to become a partner in his firm in 1927. He made his name as a leader of the investment banking industry at J.P. Morgan, making the firm a strong player in securities offerings and especially the bond market, particularly after the Glass–Steagall Act separated commercial and investment banking. He helped found Morgan Stanley to take up the securities business that had to be given up by J. P. Morgan, and became the firm's senior partner when it was reorganized from a corporation to a partnership in 1941. Stanley was influential in his testimony in the 1940s successfully defending the industry against government charges that it was anti-competitive. He died in Philadelphia in 1963.
wn.com/Harold_Stanley -
Henry Luce
Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 – February 28, 1967), a magazine publisher, was called "the most influential private citizen in the America of his day." He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of upscale Americans. Time summarized and interpreted the week's news; Life was a picture magazine of politics, culture and society that dominated American visual perceptions in the era before television; Fortune explored in depth the economy and the world of business, introducing to executives avant-garde ideas such as Keynesianism; and Sports Illustrated which probed beneath the surface of the game to explore the motivations and strategies of the teams and key players. Add in his radio projects and newsreels, and Luce created the first multimedia corporation. Luce, born in China to missionary parents, demonstrated a missionary zeal to make the nation worthy of dominating the world in what he called the "American Century."
Luce, known to his friends as "Father Time," was born in Tengchow, China, on April 3, 1898, the son of Elizabeth Middleton and Henry Winters Luce, who was a Presbyterian missionary. He received his education in various Chinese and English boarding schools including the China Inland Mission Chefoo School. He was sent to the U.S. at the age of 15 to attend the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut, followed by Yale College.
wn.com/Henry_Luce -
Henry Strong Durand
Henry Durand (6 June 1861-8 May 1929) wrote, with Carl Wilhelm, "Bright College Years", the Yale University alma mater.
Durand was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of John Durand, a railroad builder and manager, and his wife Martha Boyd Stewart Durand. He prepared for Yale at the Hopkins School. He graduated with the Class of 1881, then travelled in Europe. He obtained an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1888, interned at Massachusetts General Hospital and practiced medicine in Rochester, New York. He cared for the wounded in the Mexican Revolution, marrying his wife, Harriet Blanche Robinson Best, there in 1916. He contracted an illness in Mexico from which he recovered in Los Angeles, California from 1916 to 1923, and then lived abroad in Nice, Vienna and lastly Paris, where he died in the American Hospital from heart disease. He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in Rochester.
"Bright College Years" was arranged for the 1881 Yale Glee Club, and after the quelling of sentiment after World War I to find another alma mater, Durand's song has been "the unofficial alma mater that, with handkerchief accompaniment, is a standard element of Commencement, football games, and almost every alumni get-together."
wn.com/Henry_Strong_Durand -
Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. He was "an enthusiastic exponent of evolution" and even "wrote about evolution before Darwin did." As a polymath, he contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, biology, sociology, and psychology. During his lifetime he achieved tremendous authority, mainly in English-speaking academia. "The only other English philosopher to have achieved anything like such widespread popularity was Bertrand Russell, and that was in the 20th century." Spencer was "the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century" but his influence declined sharply after 1900; "Who now reads Spencer?" asked Talcott Parsons in 1937.
wn.com/Herbert_Spencer -
Hiram Bingham III
Hiram Bingham, formally Hiram Bingham III, (November 19, 1875 – June 6, 1956) was an academic, explorer, treasure hunter and politician from the United States. He made public the existence of the Quechua citadel of Machu Picchu in 1911 with the guidance of local indigenous farmers. Later, Bingham served as a member of the United States Senate.
Bingham was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Hiram Bingham II (1831–1908), an early Protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawai'i, the grandson of Hiram Bingham I (1789–1869), another missionary. He attended O'ahu College, now known as Punahou School in Hawai'i from 1882 to 1892. He went to the United States in his teens in order to complete his education, entering Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1894. He obtained a B.A. degree from Yale University in 1898, a degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1900, and a Ph. D. degree from Harvard University in 1905. While at Yale, Bingham was a member of Acacia Fraternity. He taught history and politics at Harvard and then served as preceptor under Woodrow Wilson at Princeton University. In 1907, Yale University appointed Bingham III as a lecturer in South American history.
wn.com/Hiram_Bingham_III -
Howard Dean
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and physician from Vermont. He served six terms as the 79th Governor of Vermont and ran unsuccessfully for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009. Although his U.S. Presidential campaign was unsuccessful, Dean is regarded as a pioneer in raising the profile of Internet-based fundraising and grassroots organizing.
Before entering politics, Dean earned his medical degree from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1978. Dean was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1982 and was elected lieutenant governor in 1986. Both were part-time positions that enabled him to continue practicing medicine. In 1991, Dean became governor of Vermont when Richard A. Snelling died in office. Dean was subsequently elected to five two-year terms, serving from 1991 to 2003, making him the second longest-serving governor in Vermont history, after Thomas Chittenden (1778–1789 and 1790–1797). Dean served as chairman of the National Governors Association from 1994 to 1995; during his term, Vermont paid off much of its public debt and had a balanced budget 11 times, lowering income taxes twice. Dean also oversaw the expansion of the "Dr. Dynasaur" program, which ensures universal health care for children and pregnant women in the state. He is a noted staunch supporter of universal health care.
wn.com/Howard_Dean -
Increase Mather
Increase Mather (June 21, 1639 – August 23, 1723) was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay (now the Commonwealth of Massachusetts). He was a Puritan minister who was involved with the government of the colony, the administration of Harvard College, and most notoriously, the Salem witch trials. He was the son of Richard Mather, and the father of Cotton Mather, both influential Puritan ministers.
Mather was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts on June 21, 1639 to Rev. Richard Mather and Kathrine Holt Mather following their participation in the Great Migration from England due to nonconformity with the Church of England. He was the youngest of six brothers: Samuel, Nathaniel, Eleazar, Joseph, and Timothy.
Three of his brothers (Samuel, Nathaniel and Eleazar) also became ministers.
In 1651 Mather was admitted to Harvard University where he roomed with and studied under John Norton. When he graduated (1656) with a B.A., he began to train for the ministry and gave his first sermon on his eighteenth birthday. He quickly left Massachusetts and went to Ireland, where he studied at Trinity College in Dublin for an M.A.. He graduated in 1659 and spent the next 3 years as a chaplain attached to a garrison in the Channel Islands
wn.com/Increase_Mather -
Isamu Noguchi
Isamu Noguchi (野口 勇, Noguchi Isamu?, November 17, 1904 – December 30, 1988) was a prominent Japanese American artist and landscape architect whose artistic career spanned six decades, from the 1920s onward. Known for his sculpture and public works, Noguchi also designed stage sets for various Martha Graham productions, and several mass-produced lamps and furniture pieces, some of which are still manufactured and sold.
In 1947, Noguchi began a collaboration with the Herman Miller company, when he joined with George Nelson, Paul László and Charles Eames to produce a catalog containing what is often considered to be the most influential body of modern furniture ever produced, including the iconic Noguchi table which remains in production today His work lives on around the world and at the Noguchi Museum in New York City.
Isamu Noguchi was born in Los Angeles, the illegitimate son of Yone Noguchi, a Japanese poet who was acclaimed in the United States, and Léonie Gilmour, an American writer who edited much of Yone Noguchi's work.
wn.com/Isamu_Noguchi -
Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida ( /ʒɑːk ˈdɛrɨdə/; French pronunciation: [ʒak dɛʁida]; July 15, 1930 – October 9, 2004) was a French philosopher, born in French Algeria. He developed the critical theory known as deconstruction and his work has been labeled as post-structuralism and associated with postmodern philosophy.
His more than 40 published books, together with essays and public speaking, has had a significant impact upon the humanities, particularly on Anthropology, Sociology, Semiotics, Jurisprudence, Literary Theory and Cultural Studies in general. His influence in the academe in Continental Europe, South America and all countries where continental philosophy is predominant, is enormous; becoming crucial in debates around Ontology, Epistemology (especially concerning Social Sciences), Ethics, Esthetics, Hermeneutics and Philosophy of Language.
His work also influenced architecture (in the form of deconstructivism), music and plastic arts. and art critics. Particularly in his later writings, he frequently addressed ethical and political themes, and his work influenced various activist and other political movements.
wn.com/Jacques_Derrida -
James Fallows
James Fallows is an American print and radio journalist. He has been a national correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly for many years. His work has also appeared in Slate, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker and The American Prospect, among others. He is a former editor of U.S. News & World Report, and as President Jimmy Carter's chief speechwriter for two years was the youngest person ever to hold that job.
Fallows has been a visiting professor at a number of universities in the U.S. and China, and holds the Chair in U.S. Media at the United States Studies Centre at University of Sydney. He is the author of ten books, including National Defense, for which he received the 1983 National Book Award,Looking at the Sun (1994), Breaking the News (1996), Blind into Baghdad (2006), Postcards from Tomorrow Square (2009), and China Airborne (2012).
wn.com/James_Fallows -
James Gamble Rogers
James Gamble Rogers (March 3, 1867 — October 1, 1947) was an American architect best known for his academic commissions at Yale University, Columbia University, Northwestern University, and elsewhere.
Rogers was born in Bryan Station, Kentucky, to James M. and Katharine Gamble Rogers. Rogers attended Yale University, where he was a member of Scroll and Key, a senior society whose membership included several other notable architects. He received his B.A. in 1889, and is responsible for many of the gothic revival structures at Yale University built in the 1910s through the mid 1930s, as well as the university's master plan in 1924. He designed for other universities as well, such as the Butler Library at Columbia University, many of the original buildings at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (now the Columbia University Medical Center), and several buildings at Northwestern University, notably Deering Library.
Rogers was philanthropist Edward Harkness's favorite architect, and Harkness would often condition a gift for a new academic or medical building upon the institution's agreement to hire Rogers for the project. It is thus no coincidence that Rogers' work is abundant at Yale, Columbia and the other institutions Harkness supported lavishly. Though Harkness loved Rogers's work, when Harkness donated a new home for Wolf's Head, his society at Yale, another architect (Bertram Goodhue) was chosen, for obvious reasons, according to many sources in architectural histories.
wn.com/James_Gamble_Rogers -
James McNerney
W. James "Jim" McNerney, Jr, (born August 22, 1949 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American business executive. He is the current CEO of Boeing Co.
McNerney graduated from New Trier High School in 1967. He attended Yale University, receiving a B.A. degree in 1971. At Yale he excelled in baseball and hockey. After graduating from Yale he worked for a year at both British United Provident and G. D. Searle & Company, then attended Harvard Business School, receiving a Master of Business Administration in 1975.
McNerney began his business career at Procter & Gamble in 1975, working in brand management. He worked as a management consultant at McKinsey from 1978 to 1982.
McNerney joined General Electric in 1982. There, he held top executive positions including president and CEO of GE Aircraft Engines and GE Lighting; president of GE Asia-Pacific; president and CEO of GE Electrical Distribution and Control; executive vice president of GE Capital, one of the world's largest financial service companies; and president of GE Information Services. McNerney competed with Bob Nardelli and Jeff Immelt to succeed the retiring Jack Welch as chairman and CEO of General Electric. When Immelt won the three-way succession race, McNerney and Nardelli left GE (as was Welch's plan); McNerney was hired by 3M in 2001.
wn.com/James_McNerney -
Jeffrey Bewkes
Jeffrey Lawrence Bewkes (born 25 May 1952) is an American media executive. He has served as CEO of Time Warner since January 1, 2008 and as President since December 2005. On January 1, 2009 he became Chairman of the Board in addition to his other duties.
Bewkes oversees Time Inc., HBO, Turner Broadcasting (CNN, TNT, TBS, Cartoon Network), Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema. Bewkes served as chairman of Time Warner’s entertainment and networks group (2002–2005); CEO of HBO (1995–2002); President and COO of HBO (1991–1995); and CFO of HBO (1986–1991). From December 2005 to December 2007, he served as the top subordinate to Time Warner Chairman & CEO Dick Parsons. Bewkes was selected as Parsons' successor as CEO, although Parsons remained Chairman of the Board until 2009.
In January 2006, Bewkes and CBS Corporation head Les Moonves helped broker the deal that joined the CBS-owned UPN with The WB to form the CW Network.
Bewkes was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He is a graduate of Deerfield Academy, holds a BA from Yale and an MBA from Stanford, and sits on their respective advisory boards. Bewkes is of Dutch ancestry.
wn.com/Jeffrey_Bewkes -
Jeremiah Dummer
Jeremiah Dummer (1681 – May 19, 1739) was an important colonial figure for New England in the early 18th century. His most significant contributions to American history were his A Defense of the New England Charters and his role in the formation of Yale College.
Jeremiah Dummer's family history can be traced back to the Dummer village in England in the 12th century. Dummer's grandfather, Richard Dummer, was the first in the family to settle in New England, in Newbury, Massachusetts in 1635. Richard had five children in Newbury by his second wife, Francis Burr Dummer. Richard's son, Jeremiah Dummer, Sr., was a prominent colonial craftsman and one of the original silversmiths born in the Americas. In 1672, he married Anna Atwater. Jeremiah Jr., the sixth of their nine children, was born in Boston in 1681. Jeremiah Jr.'s historical significance would eclipse that of his father, who has been said to have been "A man of rare versatility for the times, he learned and successfully pursued his profession of silversmith, producing pieces that today stand out in the work of the period for their dignity, simplicity, and artistic workmanship." Although Dummer's father had received little education while being raised in an agricultural setting in New England, he was able to see to it that his children were well educated.
wn.com/Jeremiah_Dummer -
Jerry Brown
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American politician. Brown served as the 34th Governor of California (1975–83), and is currently serving as the 39th California Governor (2011–present). He is the son of Pat Brown, the 32nd Governor of California (1959–67).
Both before and after his first two terms as governor, Brown was elected to a number of state, local and party offices. Brown previously served as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971), Secretary of State of California (1971–1975), chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989–1991), Mayor of Oakland (1999–2007) and Attorney General of California (2007–2011).
At the time of his election to a third, non-consecutive term as governor, on November 2, 2010, Brown was serving as the 31st Attorney General of California, an elected position. Brown was formally inaugurated as governor on January 3, 2011, the 28th anniversary of the end of his last term. During his first term (as California's 34th Governor), he was the sixth-youngest Governor of that state. Upon his inauguration as California's 39th Governor, he became its oldest serving governor. At the age of 74, Brown is also the oldest currently serving governor in the United States.
wn.com/Jerry_Brown -
Jodie Foster
Jodie Foster (born Alicia Christian Foster; November 19, 1962) is an American actress, film director, and producer.
Foster began acting in commercials at three years of age, and her first significant role came at age 13 in the 1976 film Taxi Driver as the preteen prostitute Iris, for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Also that year, she starred in the cult film The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane. She won an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1989, for playing a rape victim in The Accused. In 1991, she starred in The Silence of the Lambs as Clarice Starling, a gifted FBI trainee, assisting in a hunt for a serial killer. This performance received international acclaim and her second Academy Award for Best Actress. She received her fourth Academy Award nomination for playing a hermit in Nell (1994). Other popular films include Bugsy Malone (1976); Freaky Friday (1976); Candleshoe (1977) Maverick (1994); Contact (1997); Panic Room (2002); Flightplan (2005); Inside Man (2006); The Brave One (2007); Nim's Island (2008) and Carnage (2011), for which she received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy.
wn.com/Jodie_Foster -
John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, the 10th most senior United States Senator and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was the presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2004 presidential election, but lost to then President George W. Bush.
The son of an Army Air Corps serviceman, Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado. He attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and went on to graduate from Yale University class of 1966, where he majored in political science. He enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966 and, during 1968-1969, served a four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service he was awarded several combat medals that include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts. After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesperson and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam war. During that period, he appeared before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of "war crimes".
wn.com/John_Kerry -
Johns Hopkins
Johns Hopkins (May 19, 1795 – December 24, 1873) was an American entrepreneur, abolitionist and philanthropist of 19th-century Baltimore, Maryland.
His bequests founded numerous institutions bearing his name, including Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
A biography entitled Johns Hopkins: A Silhouette written by his cousin, Helen Hopkins Thom, was published in 1929 by the Johns Hopkins University Press.
Johns Hopkins was born on May 19, 1795, to Samuel Hopkins (1759–1814) of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and Hannah Janney (1774–1864), of Loudoun County, Virginia. Home was Whitehall, a 500-acre (two km²) tobacco plantation in Anne Arundel County. His first name derives from a maternal great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who passed it on to her son.
The Hopkins family were members of the Society of Friends (Quakers). In 1807 they emancipated their slaves in accordance with their local Society decree, which called for freeing the able-bodied and caring for the others, who would remain at the plantation and provide labor as they could. The second eldest of eleven children, 12 year-old Johns was required to work on the farm, interrupting his formal education. From 1806 to 1809, he likely attended The Free School of Anne Arundel County, which was located in today's Davidsonville, Maryland.
wn.com/Johns_Hopkins -
Jonathan Trumbull
Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. (October 12, 1710 – August 17, 1785) (the original spelling, "Trumble", was changed for an unknown reason) was one of the few Americans who served as governor in both a pre-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary state. During the American Revolution he was one of a very few colonial governors who supported the American side.
Trumbull College at Yale, the town of Trumbull, Connecticut, Trumbull County, Ohio, once part of the Connecticut Western Reserve and the mascot of The University of Connecticut, is named "Jonathan" in his honor.
Trumbull was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, the son of Joseph Trumbull (1678–1755) and his wife née Hannah Higley. He graduated from Harvard College with a B.A. in 1727; three years after graduation, during which time he studied theology under the Rev. Solomon Williams at Lebanon, and was licensed to preach at Colchester, Connecticut, this became a Master of Arts degree. He became a merchant with his father in 1731, participating more fully in the business after the death of his brother at sea in 1732. From 1733-1740, he was a delegate to the general assembly, and, in 1739-40, was Speaker of the House. He was appointed lieutenant colonel in Connecticut's militia in 1739.
wn.com/Jonathan_Trumbull -
Josef Albers
Josef Albers (March 19, 1888 – March 25, 1976) was a German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century.
Albers was born in Bottrop, Westphalia, Germany. He studied art in Berlin, Essen, and Munich, before enrolling as a student in the basic course of Johannes Itten at the prestigious Weimar Bauhaus in 1920. The director and founder of the Bauhaus, Walter Gropius, asked him in 1923 to teach in the preliminary course ‘Werklehre' of the Department of Design to introduce newcomers to the principles of handicrafts, because Albers came from that background and had appropriate practice and knowledge. In 1925, Albers was promoted to Professor, the year the Bauhaus moved to Dessau. At this time, he married Anni Albers (née Fleischmann) who was also a student there. His work in Dessau included designing furniture and working with glass. As a younger art teacher, he was teaching at the Bauhaus with artists including Oskar Schlemmer, Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee. Klee was the so-called form master who taught the formal aspects in the glass workshops where Albers was the crafts master; they cooperated for several years.
wn.com/Josef_Albers -
Josiah Willard Gibbs
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made important theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics. His work on the applications of thermodynamics was instrumental in transforming physical chemistry into a rigorous deductive science. Together with James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann, he created statistical mechanics (a term which he coined), explaining the laws of thermodynamics in terms of the statistical properties of large ensembles of particles. As a mathematician, he invented modern vector calculus (independently of Oliver Heaviside).
In 1863, Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American doctorate in engineering. After a three-year sojourn in Europe, Gibbs spent the rest of his career at Yale, where he was professor of mathematical physics. Working in relative isolation, he became the earliest theoretical scientist in the United States to earn an international reputation and was praised by Albert Einstein as "the greatest mind in American history." In 1901 Gibbs received what was then considered the highest honor awarded by the international scientific community, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London, "for his contributions to mathematical physics."
wn.com/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs -
Judith Rodin
Judith Rodin (born Judith Seitz; September 9, 1944) was the 7th president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1994 to 2004 and the first permanent female president of an Ivy League university. She has been succeeded in this position by Amy Gutmann. She is currently the president of the Rockefeller Foundation, a position she has held since 2005. A University of Pennsylvania alumna, she received her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1970.
Rodin expanded and improved the University and created numerous interdisciplinary programs. She led an effort to engage, support and build new relationships with the university's surrounding communities. She encouraged revitalization in University City and West Philadelphia through public safety, Wharton School alliances for small businesses, developing buildings and streetscapes that turned outward to the community, and establishing a university-led partnership school, the Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander University of Pennsylvania Partnership School.
During her tenure at Penn, the University tripled its endowment and rose from 16th to 4th in the U.S. News & World Report college ranking. Rodin brought Bono, of the rock group U2, to address the university at the 2004 commencement.
wn.com/Judith_Rodin -
Karl Carstens
Karl Carstens (14 December 1914 – 30 May 1992) was a German politician. He served as President of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1979 to 1984.
Carstens was born in the City of Bremen, the son of a commercial school teacher, who had been killed at the Western Front of World War I shortly before his birth. He studied law and political science at the universities of Frankfurt, Dijon, Munich, Königsberg, and Hamburg from 1933 to 1936, gaining a doctorate in 1938 and taking the Second Staatsexamen degree in 1939. In 1949 he also received a Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree from Yale Law School.
From 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War, Carstens was a member of an anti-aircraft artillery (Flak) unit in the Wehrmacht, reaching the rank of Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) by the war's end. In 1940 he joined the Nazi Party, reportedly he had applied for admission in 1937 to avoid detrimental treatment when he worked as a law clerk. He had, however, joined the Nazi SA paramilitary organisation already in 1934.
wn.com/Karl_Carstens -
Louis Kahn
Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) (February 20, 1901 or 1902 – March 17, 1974) was an American architect, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he served as a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania. Influenced by ancient ruins, Kahn's style tends to the monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. Louis Kahn's works are considered as monumental beyond modernism.
Louis Kahn, whose original name was Itze-Leib (Leiser-Itze) Schmuilowsky (Schmalowski), was born into a poor Jewish family in Pärnu and spent the rest of his early childhood in Kuressaare on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, then part of the Russian Empire. At age 3, he saw coals in the stove and was captivated by the light of the coal. He put the coal in his apron which caught on fire and seared his face. He carried these scars for the rest of his life.
wn.com/Louis_Kahn -
Mario Monti
Mario Monti (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrjo ˈmonti]; born 19 March 1943) is an Italian economist and academic who has been the 54th Prime Minister of Italy, as well as Minister of Economy and Finance, since November 2011.
Monti served as a European Commissioner from 1995 to 2004, with responsibility for the Internal Market, Services, Customs and Taxation from 1995 to 1999 and for Competition from 1999 to 2004. Monti has also been Rector and President of Bocconi University in Milan.
On 12 November 2011, in the midst of the European sovereign debt crisis, Monti was invited by President Giorgio Napolitano to form a new technocratic government (in Italian, governo tecnico) following the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi. Monti was sworn in as Prime Minister on 16 November 2011, just a week after having been appointed a Senator for Life.
Monti was born in Varese on 19 March 1943. His mother was from Piacenza. Although his father grew up in Varese, he was born in Luján in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, where the Monti family had emigrated in the 19th century and built up a soft-drink and beer-production business. Monti's father went back to Argentina during World War II, but later returned to his family home in Varese.
wn.com/Mario_Monti -
Maureen Dowd
Maureen Bridgid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is a Washington D.C.-based columnist for The New York Times and best-selling author. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, she worked for Time magazine and the Washington Star, where she covered news as well as sports and wrote feature articles. Dowd joined the Times in 1983 as a metropolitan reporter and eventually became an Op-Ed writer for the newspaper in 1995. In 1999, she was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.
Dowd was born the youngest of five children in Washington, D.C. Her father, Mike, worked as a D.C. police inspector while her mother, Peggy, was a homemaker. Dowd graduated from Immaculata High School in 1969. She received a B.A. in English in 1973 from Catholic University in Washington, D.C.
Dowd began her career in 1974 as an editorial assistant for the Washington Star, where she later became a sports columnist, metropolitan reporter, and feature writer. When the newspaper closed in 1981, she went to work at Time. In 1983, she joined The New York Times, initially as a metropolitan reporter. She began serving as correspondent in the Times Washington bureau in 1986.
wn.com/Maureen_Dowd -
Maya Lin
Maya Ying Lin (born October 5, 1959) is an American architect and artist who is known for her work in sculpture and landscape art. She is best known as the designer of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.
Maya Lin, a Chinese American, was born in Athens, Ohio. Her parents immigrated to the United States from China in 1949 and settled in Ohio in 1958, one year before Maya Lin was born. Her father, Henry Huan Lin, was a ceramist and former dean of the Ohio University College of Fine Arts. She is the niece of Lin Huiyin, who is said to be the first female architect in China.Lin Juemin, one of the 72 martyrs of the Second Guangzhou Uprising was a cousin of her grandfather. Lin studied at Yale University, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1981 and a Master of Architecture degree in 1986. She has also been awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Yale University, Harvard University, Williams College, and Smith College. She was among the youngest in Yale University when she received an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts in 1987. She is married to Daniel Wolf, a New York photography dealer. They have two daughters, India and Rachel. Lin is the youngest and has an older brother who is an English professor and poet. Growing up, she did not have many friends and stayed home a lot. She loved school and loved to study. When she was not studying, she took independent courses from Ohio University and spent her free time casting bronzes in the school foundry. Lin, having grown up as an Asian minority, has said that she "didn't even realize" she was Chinese until later in life, and that it was not until her 30s that she had a desire to understand her cultural background. Commenting on her design of a new home for the Museum of Chinese in America near New York City's bella Chinatown, Lin attached a personal significance to the project being a Chinese-related project because she wanted her two daughters to "know that part of their heritage."
wn.com/Maya_Lin -
Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television, and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented actors of all time.
Streep made her professional stage debut in The Playboy of Seville (1971), before her screen debut in the television movie Deadliest Season (1977). In that same year, she made her film debut with Julia (1977). Both critical and commercial success came quickly with roles in The Deer Hunter (1978) and Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), the former giving Streep her first Academy Award nomination and the latter her first win. She later won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performances in Sophie's Choice (1982) and The Iron Lady (2011).
Streep has received 17 Academy Award nominations, winning three, and 26 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight, more nominations than any other actor in the history of either award. Her work has also earned her two Emmy Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Cannes Film Festival award, five New York Film Critics Circle Awards, two BAFTA awards, an Australian Film Institute Award, five Grammy Award nominations, and a Tony Award nomination, amongst others. She was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004 and the Kennedy Center Honor in 2009 for her contribution to American culture through performing arts, the youngest actress in each award's history.
wn.com/Meryl_Streep -
Michael Cimino
Michael Cimino (pronounced [ˈtʃamɪnəʊ], "chi-MĒ-nō", born February 3, 1939) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and author. He is best known for directing, producing and co-writing the 1978 Academy Award-winning The Deer Hunter and the infamous Heaven's Gate. His films are characterized by their striking visual style and controversial subject matter.
Michael Cimino was born in New York City on February 3, 1939. A third-generation Italian-American, Cimino grew up in Old Westbury, Long Island. He was regarded as a prodigy at the private schools his parents sent him to, but rebelled against his parents by consorting with lowlifes, getting into fights and coming home drunk. Of this time, Cimino described himself as "always hanging around with kids my parents didn't approve of. Those guys were so alive. When I was fifteen I spent three weeks driving all over Brooklyn with a guy who was following his girlfriend. He was convinced she was cheating on him, and he had a gun, he was going to kill her. There was such passion and intensity about their lives. When the rich kids got together, the most we ever did was cross against a red light."
wn.com/Michael_Cimino -
Michael Dukakis
Michael Stanley Dukakis (/dʉˈkɑːkɨs/; born November 3, 1933) served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts from 1975–1979 and from 1983–1991, and was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. He was born to Greek immigrants in Brookline, Massachusetts, also the birthplace of John F. Kennedy, and was the longest serving governor in Massachusetts history. He was the second Greek American governor in U.S. history after Spiro Agnew.
Dukakis's father Panos (1896–1979) was a Greek from Adramytio, in Asia Minor, who settled in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1912, and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. His mother Euterpe (née Boukis) (1903–2003) was a Greek immigrant from Larissa of Vlach-Aromanian descent; she and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1913. She was a graduate of Bates College.
Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955, served in the U.S. Army 1955–1957, stationed in Korea, and then received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1960. Dukakis is also an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.
wn.com/Michael_Dukakis -
Nathan Hale
Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was a soldier for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British. He is probably best remembered for his purported last words before being hanged: "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." Hale has long been considered an American hero and, in 1985, he was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut.
Nathan Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut in 1755 to Richard Hale and Elizabeth Strong. In 1768, when he was thirteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch to Yale College. Nathan was a classmate of fellow patriot spy Benjamin Tallmadge. The Hale brothers belonged to the Yale literary fraternity, Linonia, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, and the ethics of slavery. Graduating with first-class honors in 1773, Nathan became a teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London.
wn.com/Nathan_Hale -
Noah Porter
Noah Porter, Jr. (December 14, 1811 – March 4, 1892) was an American academic, philosopher, author, lexicographer and President of Yale College (1871–1886).
He graduated from Yale College in 1831 and was ordained as a Congregational minister in New Milford, Connecticut from 1836 to 1843. He served as pastor at a Congregational Church in Springfield, Massachusetts from 1843 to 1846. He was elected professor of moral philosophy and metaphysics at Yale in 1846.
Porter was inaugurated as President of Yale College on Wednesday, October 11, 1871. He continued to serve as head of the college until 1886
Porter edited several editions of Webster's Dictionary, and wrote on education.
Influenced by the German refugee writer and philosopher Francis Leiber, Porter opposed slavery and integrated an antislavery position with religious liberalism.
He was a frequent visitor to the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and in 1875 was among the first recorded to make an ascent of the peak later named Porter Mountain in his honor. Noah Porter, Jr. was the son of Noah Porter, one of the first ministers of First Church of Christ, Congregational 1652 in Farmington, Connecticut, and was the older brother of Sarah Porter, founder of Miss Porter's School, a college preparatory school for girls.
wn.com/Noah_Porter -
Noah Webster
Noah Webster, Jr. (October 16, 1758 – May 28, 1843), was a lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read, and made their education more secular and less religious. According to Ellis (1979) he gave Americans "a secular catechism to the nation-state." His name became synonymous with "dictionary," especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.
Webster was born in West Hartford, Connecticut to an established Yankee family. His father, Noah Sr. (1722–1813), was a descendant of Connecticut Governor John Webster; his mother Mercy (née Steele; 1727–1794) was a descendant of Governor William Bradford of Plymouth Colony. His father was primarily a farmer though he was also deacon of the local Congregational church, captain of the town's militia, and a founder of a local book society—a precursor to the public library. After American independence, he was appointed a justice of the peace.
wn.com/Noah_Webster -
Oliver Stone
William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Stone became well known in the late 1980s and the early 1990s for directing a series of films about the Vietnam War, in which he had previously participated as an infantry soldier. He won further attention - and controversy - with films JFK (1991) and Natural Born Killers (1994). Stone's movies frequently focus on contemporary political and cultural issues. He has received three Academy Awards: Best Adapted Screenplay for Midnight Express (1978), and Best Director for Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989). British newspaper The Guardian described Stone as "one of the few committed men of the left working in mainstream American cinema." Stone's films often combine different cameras and film formats within a single scene (including VHS and 8 mm film) as evidenced in JFK and Natural Born Killers.
wn.com/Oliver_Stone -
Pat Robertson
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a media mogul, television evangelist, ex-Baptist minister and businessman who politically aligns himself with the Christian Right in the United States.
He is the founder of numerous organizations and corporations, including the American Center for Law & Justice (ACLJ), the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), the Christian Coalition, Flying Hospital, International Family Entertainment Inc., Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, CBN Asia and Regent University. He is the host of The 700 Club, a Christian TV program airing on channels throughout the United States and on CBN network affiliates worldwide.
The son of U.S. Senator A. Willis Robertson, Robertson is a Southern Baptist and was active as an ordained minister with that denomination for many years, but holds to a charismatic theology not traditionally common among Southern Baptists. He unsuccessfully campaigned to become the Republican Party's nominee in the 1988 presidential election. As a result of his seeking political office, he no longer serves in an official role for any church. His media and financial resources make him a recognized, influential, and controversial public voice for conservative Christianity in the United States.
wn.com/Pat_Robertson -
Paul de Man
Paul de Man (December 6, 1919, Antwerp – December 21, 1983, New Haven, Connecticut) was a Belgian-born deconstructionist literary critic and theorist.
He began teaching at Bard College. Later, he completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University in the late 1950s. He then taught at Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Zurich, before ending up on the faculty in French and Comparative Literature at Yale University, where he was considered part of the Yale School of deconstruction. At the time of his death from cancer, he was Sterling Professor of the Humanities and chairman of the Department of Comparative Literature at Yale. De Man oversaw the dissertations of Gayatri Spivak (at Cornell), Barbara Johnson (at Yale), Samuel Weber (at Cornell), and many other noted scholars.
After his death, the discovery of some two hundred articles he wrote during World War II for collaborationist newspapers, including one explicitly anti-Semitic, caused a scandal and provoked a reconsideration of his life and work.
wn.com/Paul_de_Man -
Paul Krugman
Paul Robin Krugman ( /ˈkruːɡmən/; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist, Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times. In 2008, Krugman won the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences (informally the Nobel Prize in Economics) for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography. According to the Nobel Prize Committee, the prize was given for Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic concentration of wealth, by examining the impact of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.
Krugman is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory, economic geography, and international finance),liquidity traps and currency crises. He is the 17th most widely cited economist in the world today and is ranked among the most influential academic thinkers in the US.
wn.com/Paul_Krugman -
Paul Mellon
Paul Mellon KBE (June 11, 1907 – February 1, 1999) was an American philanthropist and an owner/breeder of thoroughbred racehorses. He is one of only five people ever designated an "Exemplar of Racing" by the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He was co-heir to one of America's greatest business fortunes, the Mellon Bank fortune, created by his grandfather Thomas Mellon, his father Andrew W. Mellon, and his father's brother Richard B. Mellon. In 1957, when Fortune prepared its first list of the wealthiest Americans, it estimated that Paul Mellon, his sister Ailsa Mellon-Bruce, and his cousins Sarah Mellon and Richard King Mellon, were all among the richest eight people in the United States, with fortunes of between 400 and 700 million dollars each (around $3,300,000,000 and $5,800,000,000 in today's dollars).
Paul Mellon's autobiography, Reflections in a Silver Spoon ISBN 0-688-09723-5, was published in 1992. He died at his home, Oak Spring, in Upperville, Virginia, on February 1, 1999. He was survived by his wife, Rachel (a.k.a. Bunny), his children, Catherine Conover (first wife of John Warner) and Timothy Mellon, and two stepchildren, Stacy Lloyd III and Eliza, Viscountess Moore.
wn.com/Paul_Mellon -
Paul Newman
Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, professional racing driver, auto racing team owner, and auto racing enthusiast. He won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in the 1986 Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money and eight other nominations, three Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy award, and many honorary awards. He also won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing, and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing.
Newman was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which Newman donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity. As of July 2011, these donations exceeded $300 million.
Newman was born in Shaker Heights (a suburb of Cleveland). He was the son of Theresa (née Fetzer or Fetsko; Slovak: Terézia Fecková) and Arthur Sigmund Newman, who ran a profitable sporting goods store. His father was Jewish (Paul's paternal grandparents, Simon Newman and Hannah Cohn, were immigrants from Hungary and Poland). His mother, who practiced Christian Science, was born to a Slovak Roman Catholic family at Humenné, Ptičie (formerly Pticsie) in the former Kingdom of Hungary, Austria–Hungary (now Humenné in Slovakia). Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as a Jew, stating that "it's more of a challenge". Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur, who later became a producer and production manager.
wn.com/Paul_Newman -
Paul Tsongas
Paul Efthemios Tsongas ( /ˈsɒŋɡəs/; Greek: Παύλος Ευθύμιος Τσόνγκας; February 14, 1941 – January 18, 1997) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1979 to 1985. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 1992 presidential election. He previously served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts's 5th congressional district (1975–1979) and held local political office.
Tsongas was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, along with a twin sister, Thaleia, to a working-class family. His mother, Katina (née Pappas; originally Panagiotopoulos), was of Greek descent, and his father, Efthemios George Tsongas, was a Greek immigrant who worked as a dry-cleaner. He attended Dartmouth College, graduating in 1962, Yale Law School and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard before settling in Lowell, Massachusetts.
He served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Ethiopia from 1962–1964, and as Peace Corps Country Director in the West Indies from 1967–1968.
In 1967 Paul Tsongas, then an aide to Congressman Frank B. Morse, met Niki Sauvage, then spending the summer in Arlington, Virginia. In 1969, she married Paul and they had three daughters: Ashley, Katina, and Molly.
wn.com/Paul_Tsongas -
Payne Whitney
William Payne Whitney (March 20, 1876 - May 25, 1927) was a wealthy American businessman and member of the influential Whitney family.
The son of William C. Whitney and Flora Payne, and younger brother to Harry, he was known throughout his life by his middle name.
Payne Whitney attended Groton School and then Yale University. There, he was a member of Skull and Bones,Delta Kappa Epsilon, and captained the Yale rowing team. In later years, he helped finance the team, including donating funds to build a dormitory for the crew. After graduating in 1898, Whitney then studied law at the Harvard Law School, receiving his Bachelor of Laws in 1901.
In 1902, he married Helen Hay (1875–1944), the daughter of then-United States Secretary of State (and former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom) John Hay. Their Stanford White-designed house at 972 Fifth Avenue was a wedding gift from his maternal uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne. The couple also had an estate, Greentree, in Manhasset, New York. Their son, John Hay Whitney, also served as the Ambassador to the U.K. Daughter Joan, an avid sportsperson, was the first owner of the New York Mets Major League Baseball team.
wn.com/Payne_Whitney -
Richard Gilder
Richard Gilder, co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, heads the brokerage firm Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. The firm's specialty is trading leveraged stocks and shortselling. After working at the brokerage firm of A.G. Becker & Co., Gilder founded the firm now known as Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. in 1968. He is Chairman of the Executive Committee at the New-York Historical Society and serves on the Executive Board of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. He is a trustee of the Gilder Lehrman Institute, Morgan Library & Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Central Park Conservancy, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation. He is Chairman Emeritus of both, the conservative think-tank, the Manhattan Institute and the conservative political action committee, the Club for Growth. In 2005, Richard Gilder and Lewis Lehrman received the National Humanities Medal for their work promoting the study of American history. He has now set up a PhD. program at the American Museum of Natural History in his own name, the Richard Gilder Graduate School at AMNH.
wn.com/Richard_Gilder -
Richard Morris Hunt
Richard Morris Hunt (October 31, 1827 – July 31, 1895) was an American architect of the nineteenth century and a preeminent figure in the history of American architecture. Hunt was, according to design critic Paul Goldberger writing in The New York Times, "American architecture's first, and in many ways its greatest, statesman." Aside from Hunt's sculpting of the face of New York City, including designs for the facade and Great Hall of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty and many Fifth Avenue mansions lost to the wrecking ball, Hunt founded both the American Institute of Architects and the Municipal Art Society.
Born at Brattleboro, Vermont, Hunt was the son of Jane Maria Leavitt, born to an influential family of Suffield, Connecticut, and Hon. Jonathan Hunt, a U.S. congressman whose own father was the lieutenant governor of Vermont, and scion of the wealthy and prominent Hunt family of Vermont. Richard Morris Hunt was the brother of the Boston painter William Morris Hunt, and the photographer and lawyer Leavitt Hunt. (Hunt was named for Lewis Richard Morris, a family relation, who was a U.S. Congressman from Vermont and the nephew of Gouverneur Morris, an author of large parts of the U.S. Constitution.)
wn.com/Richard_Morris_Hunt -
Richard Serra
Richard Serra (born November 2, 1939) is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement.
His father was Spanish native of Mallorca and mother was Russian in Odessa (committed suicide in 1979). Serra was born in San Francisco and he went on to study English literature at the University of California, Berkeley and later at the University of California, Santa Barbara between 1957 and 1961. While at Santa Barbara, he studied art with Howard Warshaw and Rico Lebrun. On the West Coast, he helped support himself by working in steel mills, which was to have a strong influence on his later work. Serra discussed his early life and influences in an interview in 1993. He described the San Francisco shipyard where his father worked as a pipe-fitter as another important influence to his work, saying of his early memory: “All the raw material that I needed is contained in the reserve of this memory which has become a reoccurring dream.”
wn.com/Richard_Serra -
Rick Levin
Richard Charles Levin (born April 7, 1947) is a professor and American economist who has served as president of Yale University since 1993. He is currently the longest-tenured Ivy League president. Levin had been rumored as a possible replacement for Larry Summers as Director of the White House National Economic Council until Gene Sperling was selected instead.
Born in San Francisco, California, to Jewish-American parents, Levin graduated from Lowell High School in San Francisco in 1964. At Lowell, he was a member of the Lowell Forensic Society and debated in high school debate tournaments regionally. He graduated from Stanford University in 1968 with a B.A. in history. He received a Bachelor of Letters in politics and philosophy from Merton College, Oxford. He earned his Ph.D. in economics from Yale in 1974. His academic specialties include industrial research and development, intellectual property, and productivity in manufacturing.
Levin became an Assistant Professor of Economics at Yale in 1974 and was elevated to Associate Professor in 1979. In 1982, he was promoted to Professor of Economics and Management at the Yale School of Management. In 1992, he was appointed Frederick William Beinecke Professor of Economics. Before becoming president, he served as chairman of the Economics Department and dean of Yale's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
wn.com/Rick_Levin -
Robert Penn Warren
Robert Penn Warren (April 24, 1905 – September 15, 1989) was an American poet, novelist, and literary critic and was one of the founders of New Criticism. He was also a charter member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He founded the influential literary journal The Southern Review with Cleanth Brooks in 1935. He received the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for the Novel for his novel All the King's Men (1946) and the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1958 and 1979. He is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both fiction and poetry.
Warren was born in Guthrie, Kentucky, which is very near the Tennessee-Kentucky border, to Robert Warren and Anna Penn. Warren's mother's family had roots in Virginia, having given their name to the community of Penn's Store in Patrick County, Virginia. Robert Penn Warren graduated from Clarksville High School in Clarksville, Tennessee, Vanderbilt University in 1925 and the University of California, Berkeley in 1926. Warren later attended Yale University and obtained his B. Litt. as a Rhodes Scholar from New College, Oxford, in England in 1930. He also received a Guggenheim Fellowship to study in Italy during the rule of Benito Mussolini. That same year he began his teaching career at Southwestern College (now Rhodes College) in Memphis, Tennessee.
wn.com/Robert_Penn_Warren -
Russell Sturgis
Russell Sturgis (October 16, 1836 - February 11, 1909) was an American architect and art critic of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was one of the founders of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1870.
Sturgis was born in Baltimore County, Maryland, the son of Russell and Margaret Dawes (Appleton) Sturgis. The father was a New York shipping merchant who was living temporarily in Baltimore when Russell was born in 1836. The family were descended from Edward Sturgis, recorded in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1634 and later one of the first settlers of Yarmouth, Massachusetts.
Educated in the public schools of New York City, Sturgis was graduated from the Free Academy in New York (now the College of the City of New York) in 1856, and later studied architecture under Leopold Eidlitz. For about a year and a half he also studied in Munich. In 1862 he returned to the United States. He was associated with Peter Bonnett Wight from 1863 to 1868 and then practiced alone until 1880.
in 1863 Sturgis together with the painter John William Hill, art critic Clarence Cook, and geologist and art critic Clarence King helped to found the Society for the Advancement of Truth in Art which published a journal The New Path. The articles written by Sturgis provided an early glimpse of his critical interest in art and architecture, made amply clear in his later writings.
wn.com/Russell_Sturgis -
Samuel Alito
Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. (pronounced /əˈliːtoʊ/; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.
Raised in Hamilton Township, New Jersey and educated at Princeton University and Yale Law School, Alito served as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey and a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit prior to joining the Supreme Court. He is the 110th justice, the second Italian American and the eleventh Roman Catholic to serve on the court. Alito has been described by the Cato Institute as a conservative jurist with a libertarian streak.
Alito was born in Trenton, New Jersey, to Italian American parents: Italian immigrant Samuel A. Alito, Sr., and the former Rose Fradusco. Alito's father, now deceased, was a high school teacher and then became the first Director of the New Jersey Office of Legislative Services, a position he held from 1952 to 1984. Alito's mother is a retired schoolteacher.
wn.com/Samuel_Alito -
Samuel Andrew
Samuel Andrew (January 29, 1656 – January 24, 1738) was an American Congregational clergyman and educator. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He served as the rector of Yale University between 1707 and 1719.
wn.com/Samuel_Andrew -
Sargent Shriver
Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr., known as Sargent Shriver, R. Sargent Shriver, or, from childhood, Sarge, (/ˈsɑrdʒənt ˈʃraɪvər/; November 9, 1915 – January 18, 2011) was an American statesman and activist. As the husband of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, he was part of the Kennedy family, serving in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. Shriver was the driving force behind the creation of the Peace Corps, founded the Job Corps, Head Start and other programs as the "architect" of Johnson's "War on Poverty" and served as the United States Ambassador to France. During the 1972 U.S. presidential election, he was George McGovern's running mate as the Democratic Party's nominee for U.S. Vice President, replacing Thomas Eagleton who had resigned from the ticket.
Shriver was born in Westminster, Maryland, to Robert Sargent Shriver, Sr., and his wife Hilda Shriver. Of partial German ancestry, Shriver was a descendant of David Shriver, who signed the Maryland Constitution and Bill of Rights at Maryland's Constitutional Convention of 1776. He spent his high school years at Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut, which he attended on a full scholarship. He was in Canterbury's baseball, basketball, and football team, became the editor of the school's newspaper, and participated in choral and debating clubs. After he graduated in 1934, Shriver spent the summer in Germany as part of the Experiment in International Living, returning in the fall of 1934 to enter Yale University. He received his bachelor's degree in 1938, having been a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter) and the Scroll and Key Society. He was chairman of the Yale Daily News. Shriver then attended Yale Law School, earning an LL.B. degree in 1941.
wn.com/Sargent_Shriver -
Sinclair Lewis
Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters." His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American society and capitalist values, as well as for their strong characterizations of modern working women.
He has been honored by the U.S. Postal Service with a Great Americans series postage stamp.
Born in the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Lewis began reading books at a young age and kept a diary. He had two siblings, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). His father, Edwin J. Lewis, was a physician and a stern disciplinarian who had difficulty relating to his sensitive, unathletic third son. Lewis's mother, Emma Kermott Lewis, died in 1891. The following year, Edwin Lewis married Isabel Warner, whose company young Lewis apparently enjoyed. Throughout his lonely boyhood, the ungainly Lewis — tall, extremely thin, stricken with acne and somewhat popeyed — had trouble gaining friends and pined after various local girls. At the age of 13 he unsuccessfully ran away from home, wanting to become a drummer boy in the Spanish-American War.
wn.com/Sinclair_Lewis -
Sonia Sotomayor
Sonia Maria Sotomayor (English pronunciation: /ˈsoʊnjə ˌsoʊtoʊmaɪˈjɔr/, Spanish: [ˈsonja sotomaˈʝor]; born June 25, 1954) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009. Sotomayor is the Court's 111th justice, its first Hispanic justice, and its third female justice.
Sotomayor was born in The Bronx, New York City and is of Puerto Rican descent. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University in 1976 and received her J.D. from Yale Law School in 1979, where she was an editor at the Yale Law Journal. She was an advocate for the hiring of Latino faculty at both schools. She worked as an assistant district attorney in New York for four and a half years before entering private practice in 1984. She played an active role on the boards of directors for the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, the State of New York Mortgage Agency, and the New York City Campaign Finance Board.
wn.com/Sonia_Sotomayor -
Susan Hockfield
Susan Hockfield (born March 24, 1951) is the sixteenth president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Hockfield's appointment was publicly announced on August 26, 2004, and she formally took office December 6, 2004, succeeding Charles M. Vest. Hockfield's official inauguration celebrations took place during the week of May 2, 2005. Her title is "President and Professor of Neuroscience," and she is the first woman and the first life scientist to hold the title of president of MIT. On February 16, 2012, Dr. Hockfield announced she would step down as MIT's president once a successor was ready to assume the office.
She attended Horace Greeley High School in Chappaqua, New York and graduated in 1969. Hockfield received her bachelor's degree in biology from the University of Rochester in 1973 and her Ph.D in Anatomy and Neuroscience from the Georgetown University School of Medicine in 1979. Her doctoral dissertation was on the subject of pathways in the nervous system through which pain is perceived and processed. Her advisor during her doctoral work was Steven Gobel.
wn.com/Susan_Hockfield -
Tansu Çiller
Tansu Penbe Çiller (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈtansu tʃiˈlːæɾ]; b. May 24, 1946, Istanbul) is a Turkish economist and politician. She was Turkey's first and only female Prime Minister.
She is the daughter of a Turkish governor of Bilecik province during the 1950s. She graduated from the School of Economics at Robert College after finishing the American College for Girls in Istanbul. She received her M.S. from the University of New Hampshire and Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut. She later completed her postdoctoral studies at Yale University. Çiller taught economics at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In 1978, she became a lecturer at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul and in 1983 she was appointed as professor by the same institution. She also worked in the now-defunct Istanbul Bank as president of the company.
After teaching at several universities as a professor, Çiller entered politics in November 1990, joining the conservative True Path Party (DYP). She was first elected to the parliament in 1991 as deputy of Istanbul and served as Minister of State in charge of economics in the coalition government of Süleyman Demirel. On June 13, 1993, she became the party's leader and later in the same year, the Prime Minister of a coalition government. She served as prime minister from 1993 to 1996. After the withdrawal of the Republican People's Party (CHP) from the coalition in 1995 she attempted to form a minority government, which failed. After that she agreed to form another cabinet with the CHP and went for general elections.
wn.com/Tansu_Çiller -
Thomas Clap
Thomas Clap, also spelled Thomas Clapp (June 26, 1703 – January 7, 1767), was an American academic and educator, a Congregational Minister, and college administrator. He was both the fifth rector and the earliest to be called "president" of Yale College (1740–1766).
He was born in Scituate, Massachusetts, and studied with Rev. James McSparran, missionary to Narragansett from the "Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts", and with Rev. Nathiel Eells, of Scituate. He entered Harvard University (then known as Harvard College) at age 15, graduating in 1722. He preached at Windham, Connecticut, in 1725 and was ordained to succeed the Rev. Samuel Whiting as minister there in 1726, marrying Rev. Whiting's daughter Mary in 1727, and remaining 14 years, with a ministry marked by a rather severe orthodoxy (he once traveled to Springfield to oppose the ordination of a minister accused of Arminian tendencies).
He was elected Rector of Yale College following Elisha Williams's resignation, largely because the Trustees believed he would oppose Arminianism at Yale, and was inducted in 1740. His administration was to become known for its orthodoxy, pugnaciousness, authoritarianism, and embroilment in controversy.
wn.com/Thomas_Clap -
Timothy Dwight IV
Timothy Dwight (May 14, 1752 – January 11, 1817) was an American academic and educator, a Congregationalist minister, theologian, and author. He was the eighth president of Yale College (1795–1817).
Timothy Dwight was born May 14, 1752 in Northampton, Massachusetts. The Dwight family had a long association with Yale College, as it was then known. His paternal grandfather Colonel Timothy Dwight, was born October 19, 1694, and died April 30, 1771. His father, a merchant and farmer known as Major Timothy Dwight, was born May 27, 1726, graduated from Yale in 1744, served in the American Revolutionary War, and died June 10, 1777. His mother Mary Edwards (1734–1807) was the third daughter of theologian Jonathan Edwards. He was said to have learned the alphabet at a single lesson, and to have been able to read the Bible before he was four years old. He had 12 younger siblings, including journalist Theodore Dwight (1764–1846).
Dwight graduated from Yale in 1769 (when was only 17 years old). For two years, he was rector of the Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, Connecticut. He was a tutor at Yale College from 1771 to 1777. Licensed to preach in 1777, he was appointed by Congress chaplain in General Samuel Holden Parsons's Connecticut Continental Brigade. He served with distinction, inspiring the troops with his sermons and the stirring war songs he composed, the most famous of which is "Columbia".
wn.com/Timothy_Dwight_IV -
Timothy Dwight V
Timothy Dwight V (November 16, 1828 – May 26, 1916) was an American academic, an educator, a Congregational minister, and president of Yale College (1886–1898). During his years as head of the institution, Yale developed as a university.
Dwight was born in Norwich, Connecticut, the son of James Dwight, whose father, Timothy Dwight IV, served as president of Yale College from 1795 to 1817. He was the great-grandson of Major Timothy Dwight and Mary (Edwards) Dwight, the latter's father being Rev. Jonathan Edwards, the third president of Princeton University. His mother was Susan, daughter of John McLaren Breed, by his second wife Rebecca (Walker) Breed, who was the daughter of Robert Walker, a judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut.
Timothy Dwight entered Yale in 1845, and during his undergraduate course received prizes in mathematics and Latin, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Skull and Bones. As the Clark Scholar, he spent the period from 1849 to 1851 in graduate work at Yale, in the fall of the latter year entering the Theological Department, where he studied for two years. He served as a tutor in the College from 1851 to 1855, and then went abroad to continue his studies at the Universities of Bonn and Berlin.
wn.com/Timothy_Dwight_V -
Tom Wolfe
Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe, Jr. (born March 2, 1931) is a best-selling American author and journalist. He is one of the founders of the New Journalism movement of the 1960s and 1970s.
Wolfe was born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Louise (née Agnew), a landscape designer, and Thomas Kennerly Wolfe, Sr., an agronomist.
Wolfe was student council president, editor of the school newspaper and a star baseball player at St. Christopher's School, an Episcopalian all-boys school in Richmond, Virginia.
Upon graduation in 1949, he turned down admission at Princeton University to attend Washington and Lee University, both all-male schools at the time. Wolfe majored in English and practiced his writing outside the classroom as well. He was sports editor of the college newspaper and helped found a literary magazine, Shenandoah. Of particular influence was his professor Marshall Fishwick, a teacher of American Studies educated at Yale. More in the tradition of anthropology than literary scholarship, Fishwick taught his classes to look at the whole of a culture, including those elements considered profane. The very title of Wolfe's undergraduate thesis, "A Zoo Full of Zebras: Anti-Intellectualism in America," evinced his fondness for words and aspirations toward cultural criticism. Wolfe graduated cum laude in 1951.
wn.com/Tom_Wolfe -
Tony Blair
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He resigned from all of these positions in June 2007.
Blair was elected Leader of the Labour Party in the leadership election of July 1994, following the sudden death of his predecessor, John Smith. Under his leadership, the party used the phrases "New Labour" and "New Socialism" to define its policy, and moved away from its support of state socialism since the 1960s and created a new version of the ethical socialism that was last pursued by Clement Attlee. Critics of Blair claim that "New Labour" did not adhere to socialism as claimed, and that it effectively advocated capitalism. Blair subsequently led Labour to a landslide victory in the 1997 general election. At 43 years old, he became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812. In the first years of the New Labour government, Blair's government implemented a number of 1997 manifesto pledges, introducing the minimum wage, Human Rights Act and Freedom of Information Act, and carrying out devolution, establishing the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly.
wn.com/Tony_Blair -
Traugott Lawler
Traugott Lawler (born 8 March 1937) is a medievalist scholar, expert on William Langland, and an emeritus professor of English at Yale University, where he served as master of Ezra Stiles College and also as a lecturer in religion and literature.
Lawler was educated at the College of the Holy Cross, graduating with a B.A. in 1958, and at the University of Wisconsin–Madison (M.A. 1962). He obtained his doctorate at Harvard University.
His interests include Chaucer, Langland, Dante, medieval Latin, Old English, the history of the English language, paleography and golf.
In 1983 he was a Guggenheim Fellow. From 1986 to 1995 and from 2002 to 2003 he served as Master of Ezra Stiles College. He retired from teaching in 2005, and is preparing, with other scholars, a commentary on the known versions of Piers Plowman.
Under Lawler's watch, Ezra Stiles College at Yale University has had remarkable intramural success. During his first tenure as Master, Stiles won the Tyng Cup in six out of eight years. During his second term of service as Master, Ezra Stiles again won the Tyng Cup and continued to win in two subsequent years under the guidance of Stuart Schwartz.
wn.com/Traugott_Lawler -
Vincent Price
Vincent Leonard Price, Jr. (May 27, 1911 – October 25, 1993) was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and serio-comic performances in a series of horror films made in the latter part of his career.
Price was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Marguerite Cobb (née Wilcox) and Vincent Leonard Price, Sr., who was the president of the National Candy Company. His grandfather, Vincent Clarence Price, invented "Dr. Price's Baking Powder," the first cream of tartar baking powder, and secured the family's fortune.
Price attended St. Louis Country Day School. He was further educated at Yale in art history and fine art. He was a member of the Courtauld Institute, London. He became interested in the theatre during the 1930s, appearing professionally on stage for the first time in 1935.
He made his film debut in 1938 with Service de Luxe and established himself in the film Laura (1944), opposite Gene Tierney, directed by Otto Preminger. He also played Joseph Smith, Jr. in the movie Brigham Young (1940) and William Gibbs McAdoo in Wilson (1944) as well as a pretentious priest in The Keys of the Kingdom (1944).
wn.com/Vincent_Price -
Vincent Scully
Vincent Joseph Scully, Jr. (born August 21, 1920) is Sterling Professor Emeritus of the History of Art in Architecture at Yale University, and the author of several books on the subject. Architect Philip Johnson once described Scully as "the most influential architectural teacher ever." His lectures at Yale were known to attract casual visitors and packed houses, and regularly received standing ovations.
Born and raised in New Haven, Connecticut, Scully attended Hillhouse High School. At the age of 16, he entered Yale University. He earned his BA degree from Yale in 1940, his M.A. in 1947, and his Ph.D in 1949. He has taught classes at Yale since 1947, often to packed lecture rooms. He is also a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Miami. Scully officially retired from Yale in 1991, but continued giving courses there and at the University of Miami. He announced in 2009, however, at the age of 89, that he was no longer well enough to continue teaching.
Scully's early advocacy was critical to the emergence of both Louis I. Kahn and Robert Venturi as important 20th Century architects. Scully was a fierce critic of the 1963 destruction of New York's original Pennsylvania Station, memorably writing, "One entered the city like a god. One scuttles in now like a rat."
wn.com/Vincent_Scully -
Walter Camp
Walter Chauncey Camp (April 7, 1859 – March 14, 1925) was an American football player, coach, and sports writer known as the "Father of American Football". With John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, Fielding H. Yost, and George Halas, Camp was one of the most accomplished persons in the early history of American football. He played college football at Yale College from 1876 to 1882. Camp served as the head football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892 before moving to Stanford University, where he coached in December 1892 and in 1894 and 1895. Camp's Yale teams of 1888, 1891, and 1892 have been recognized as national champions. Camp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951.
Camp was born in the city of New Britain, Connecticut, the son of Leverett Lee and Ellen Sophia (Cornwell) Camp. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven, entered Yale College in 1876, and graduated in 1880. At Yale he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and Skull and Bones. He attended Yale Medical School, where his studies were interrupted first by an outbreak of typhoid fever and then by work for the Manhattan Watch Company. He worked for the New Haven Clock Company beginning in 1883, working his way up to chairman of the board of directors.
wn.com/Walter_Camp -
William Harkness
William Harkness (December 17, 1837 – February 28, 1903) was an astronomer, born at Ecclefechan, Scotland, a son of James Harkness (1803–78). Harkness died in Jersey City on February 28, 1903 at the age of 66.
Harkness was educated at Lafayette College (1854–56), graduated from the University of Rochester (1858), and studied medicine in New York City. He served as a surgeon in the Union armies during part of the American Civil War. From 1862 to 1865 he was an "aid in astronomy" at the United States Naval Observatory and then, after service on the monitor USS Monadnock (1865–66), was employed in the Hydrographic Office.
During the eclipse of August, 1869, Harkness discovered the coronal line K 1474. Three years later he was made a member of the Transit of Venus Commission, and had charge of the party at Hobart, Tasmania in 1879 and at Washington in 1882, when he became the executive officer. His most memorable accomplishments are related to the construction of telescopes, his theory of the focal curve of achromatic telescopes, and his invention of the spherometer caliper and other astronomical instruments. He was astronomical director of the Naval Observatory (1894–99) and director of the Nautical Almanac (1897–99). He retired from the Navy on attaining the relative rank of rear admiral (December, 1899). He was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1893). Of his works, The Solar Parallax and its Related Constants (1891) is the most important.
wn.com/William_Harkness -
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States (1909–1913) and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930). He is the only person to have served in both of these two offices.
Before becoming President, Taft was selected to serve on the Ohio Superior Court in 1887. In 1890, Taft was appointed Solicitor General of the United States and in 1891 a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. In 1900, President William McKinley appointed Taft Governor-General of the Philippines. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Taft Secretary of War in an effort to groom Taft, then his close political ally, into his handpicked presidential successor. Taft assumed a prominent role in problem solving, assuming on some occasions the role of acting Secretary of State, while declining repeated offers from Roosevelt to serve on the Supreme Court.
Riding a wave of popular support for fellow Republican Roosevelt, Taft won an easy victory in his 1908 bid for the presidency.
wn.com/William_Howard_Taft
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Google Geotechnology and the Future of Sustainability - Sustainability Leaders Series
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 102:00
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
On Friday, February 22nd, The Yale Center for Business and the Environment will host a panel discussion between Yale researchers and Google Developers on "Geotechnology and the Future of Sustainability." The discussion will address the emergence of geotechnology as tool to address global problems and feature Rebecca Moore (Google), Professor Walter Jetz, Professor Karen Seto, and Professor Dana Tomlin.
http://wn.com/Google_Geotechnology_and_the_Future_of_Sustainability_Sustainability_Leaders_Series
On Friday, February 22nd, The Yale Center for Business and the Environment will host a panel discussion between Yale researchers and Google Developers on "Geotechnology and the Future of Sustainability." The discussion will address the emergence of geotechnology as tool to address global problems and feature Rebecca Moore (Google), Professor Walter Jetz, Professor Karen Seto, and Professor Dana Tomlin.
Yale Defense research project controversial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Yale University has tabled a research project backed by the Department of Defense because of controversy over who the test subjects would be.
http://wn.com/Yale_Defense_research_project_controversial
Yale University has tabled a research project backed by the Department of Defense because of controversy over who the test subjects would be.
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 26
- author: WTNH
Proposed Pentagon Interrogation Training at Yale University Denounced as "A Perversion of Medicine"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
To watch the entire report on Democracy Now!, visit owl.li Students and alumni at Yale University are organizing against a proposed campus center to train Special Operations Forces in interview techniques, by immigrants. The center would be funded by a $1.8 million grant from the Pentagon and could open as early as April. Dubbed an "interrogation center" by critics, the facility would be housed at the Yale School of Medicine, and led by Charles Morgan, a professor of psychiatry who previously conducted research on how to tell whether Arab Muslim men are lying. Michael Siegel, Professor of Community Health Sciences at Boston University School of Public Health, and a 1990 graduate of the Yale School of Medicine, denounces the proposed program as a "perversion of medicine." MICHAEL SIEGEL: "Yale has now crossed a line. There are nefarious purposes to which medicine can be used. I mean, for example, one could use medicine to design biological weapons. Clearly, everyone would agree that the Yale School of Medicine should not be involved in helping to achieve that military objective. But I think that using the practice of medicine and medical research to help design advanced interrogation techniques, or even just regular civilian intelligence-gathering techniques, interviewing techniques, is not an appropriate use of medicine. The practice of medicine was designed to improve people's health. And the school of medicine should not be taking part in either training or research ...
http://wn.com/Proposed_Pentagon_Interrogation_Training_at_Yale_University_Denounced_as_A_Perversion_of_Medicine
To watch the entire report on Democracy Now!, visit owl.li Students and alumni at Yale University are organizing against a proposed campus center to train Special Operations Forces in interview techniques, by immigrants. The center would be funded by a $1.8 million grant from the Pentagon and could open as early as April. Dubbed an "interrogation center" by critics, the facility would be housed at the Yale School of Medicine, and led by Charles Morgan, a professor of psychiatry who previously conducted research on how to tell whether Arab Muslim men are lying. Michael Siegel, Professor of Community Health Sciences at Boston University School of Public Health, and a 1990 graduate of the Yale School of Medicine, denounces the proposed program as a "perversion of medicine." MICHAEL SIEGEL: "Yale has now crossed a line. There are nefarious purposes to which medicine can be used. I mean, for example, one could use medicine to design biological weapons. Clearly, everyone would agree that the Yale School of Medicine should not be involved in helping to achieve that military objective. But I think that using the practice of medicine and medical research to help design advanced interrogation techniques, or even just regular civilian intelligence-gathering techniques, interviewing techniques, is not an appropriate use of medicine. The practice of medicine was designed to improve people's health. And the school of medicine should not be taking part in either training or research ...
- published: 21 Feb 2013
- views: 726
- author: democracynow
Shah Rukh Khan at Yale University as Chubb Fellow (official video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:35
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
Shah Rukh Khan came to Yale on April 12, 2012 as a Chubb Fellow in his first visit to an American university. The Chubb Fellowship is one of Yale's most distinguished honors, bringing leaders to campus to encourage students interested in public service and the public good. This official video features his full lecture; a conversation by SRK with Master Jeffrey Brenzel of Timothy Dwight College, Yale Law School student Nikhil Sud '10, Law'13, and Sarika Arya '11; and a performance of his trademark "Chammak Challo" with Yale sophomore Natalia Khosla '14. Shah Rukh Khan is introduced by Isha Ambani '13, president of the Yale South Asian Society, a co-sponsor of the event along with the Chubb Fellowship of Timothy Dwight College.
http://wn.com/Shah_Rukh_Khan_at_Yale_University_as_Chubb_Fellow_official_video
Shah Rukh Khan came to Yale on April 12, 2012 as a Chubb Fellow in his first visit to an American university. The Chubb Fellowship is one of Yale's most distinguished honors, bringing leaders to campus to encourage students interested in public service and the public good. This official video features his full lecture; a conversation by SRK with Master Jeffrey Brenzel of Timothy Dwight College, Yale Law School student Nikhil Sud '10, Law'13, and Sarika Arya '11; and a performance of his trademark "Chammak Challo" with Yale sophomore Natalia Khosla '14. Shah Rukh Khan is introduced by Isha Ambani '13, president of the Yale South Asian Society, a co-sponsor of the event along with the Chubb Fellowship of Timothy Dwight College.
- published: 15 Apr 2012
- views: 246644
- author: YaleUniversity
Barbara Walters Addresses the Class of 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:46
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
Barbara Walters, ABC News Correspondent, reporter, producer and author, addresses the Yale Class of 2012 during the traditional Class Day speech on May 20th 2012.
http://wn.com/Barbara_Walters_Addresses_the_Class_of_2012
Barbara Walters, ABC News Correspondent, reporter, producer and author, addresses the Yale Class of 2012 during the traditional Class Day speech on May 20th 2012.
- published: 21 May 2012
- views: 12517
- author: YaleUniversity
The Economy and the Election panel with Yale President Richard C. Levin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 117:15
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
The final panel on the economic issues relevant to the presidential election will be held on campus November 1 from 7:30--9:30 pm and will be broadcast live online on Yale's YouTube channel. The discussion, moderated by President Richard C. Levin '74 Ph.D. and focused on macroeconomy, the recession and recovery, will feature Michael Woodford '80, The John Bates Clark Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University; John Geanakoplos, the James Tobin Professor of Economics at Yale, and a leader in the study of financial crises and leverage cycles; William Nordhaus, Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale, president-elect of the American Economic Association, and one of the nation's most influential macroeconomists; Robert Shiller, the Arthur M. Okun Professor of Economics at Yale, and a world-renowned behavioral macroeconomist; Aleh Tsivinski, Professor of economics at Yale, and an authority at the intersection of macroeconomics and public economics.
http://wn.com/The_Economy_and_the_Election_panel_with_Yale_President_Richard_C_Levin
The final panel on the economic issues relevant to the presidential election will be held on campus November 1 from 7:30--9:30 pm and will be broadcast live online on Yale's YouTube channel. The discussion, moderated by President Richard C. Levin '74 Ph.D. and focused on macroeconomy, the recession and recovery, will feature Michael Woodford '80, The John Bates Clark Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University; John Geanakoplos, the James Tobin Professor of Economics at Yale, and a leader in the study of financial crises and leverage cycles; William Nordhaus, Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale, president-elect of the American Economic Association, and one of the nation's most influential macroeconomists; Robert Shiller, the Arthur M. Okun Professor of Economics at Yale, and a world-renowned behavioral macroeconomist; Aleh Tsivinski, Professor of economics at Yale, and an authority at the intersection of macroeconomics and public economics.
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 5039
- author: YaleUniversity
theU.com - Yale University: "Academics"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Visit www.theU.com for 100000 more college videos! Students discuss the quality of Yale's different academic departments, accessibility of professors/TA's, and level of workload. An original production from theU.com.
http://wn.com/theUcom_Yale_University_Academics
Visit www.theU.com for 100000 more college videos! Students discuss the quality of Yale's different academic departments, accessibility of professors/TA's, and level of workload. An original production from theU.com.
- published: 25 May 2007
- views: 60603
- author: theUrocks
Yale University - Campus Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Here is a short view of the campus of the Yale University. Music: Yann Tiersen
http://wn.com/Yale_University_Campus_Tour
Here is a short view of the campus of the Yale University. Music: Yann Tiersen
- published: 20 Sep 2007
- views: 143789
- author: CampusTour
Yale All-Access Live Broadcast: Women's Ice Hockey vs. Quinnipiac
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 130:04
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Yale All-Access Live Broadcast: Women's Ice Hockey vs. Quinnipiac from Ingalls Rink. Broadcasters: Adlon Adams '15 and Paul Waserman '14.
http://wn.com/Yale_All-Access_Live_Broadcast_Women's_Ice_Hockey_vs_Quinnipiac
Yale All-Access Live Broadcast: Women's Ice Hockey vs. Quinnipiac from Ingalls Rink. Broadcasters: Adlon Adams '15 and Paul Waserman '14.
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 181
- author: YaleCampus
Yale University Interfaith Discussion Between a Sufi Shaykh and a Jewish Rabii
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 93:48
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
Shaykh Hisham Kabbani and Rabbi Ponet
http://wn.com/Yale_University_Interfaith_Discussion_Between_a_Sufi_Shaykh_and_a_Jewish_Rabii
A Conversation With Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:25
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Her Majesty Queen Rania married then Prince Abdullah Al Hussein on June 10, 1993. Since becoming Queen and her nation's First Lady, Queen Rania has devoted herself to supporting initiatives that seek to improve the quality of life for all Jordanians. She also is actively involved in an array of issues of global concern, namely access to education. She has a special interest in several core issues: developing income-generating projects and the advancement of best practices in the field of microfinance; improving the quality of life of the family unit, including the protection of children from violence and the promotion of Early Childhood Development; incorporating Information Technology into the educational system; and promoting tourism and the preservation of Jordan's heritage.
http://wn.com/A_Conversation_With_Her_Majesty_Queen_Rania_Al_Abdullah_of_Jordan
Her Majesty Queen Rania married then Prince Abdullah Al Hussein on June 10, 1993. Since becoming Queen and her nation's First Lady, Queen Rania has devoted herself to supporting initiatives that seek to improve the quality of life for all Jordanians. She also is actively involved in an array of issues of global concern, namely access to education. She has a special interest in several core issues: developing income-generating projects and the advancement of best practices in the field of microfinance; improving the quality of life of the family unit, including the protection of children from violence and the promotion of Early Childhood Development; incorporating Information Technology into the educational system; and promoting tourism and the preservation of Jordan's heritage.
- published: 22 Sep 2009
- views: 115163
- author: YaleUniversity
theU.com - Yale University: "Intro"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Visit www.theU.com for 100000 more college videos! Go behind-the-scenes at Yale in New Haven, Connecticut to find out what being a student at Yale is really like with an uncensored look at life on campus. An original production from theU.com.
http://wn.com/theUcom_Yale_University_Intro
Visit www.theU.com for 100000 more college videos! Go behind-the-scenes at Yale in New Haven, Connecticut to find out what being a student at Yale is really like with an uncensored look at life on campus. An original production from theU.com.
- published: 25 May 2007
- views: 88467
- author: theUrocks
Tony Blair: A Conversation At Yale University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:21
- Updated: 01 Jul 2012
The former British Prime Minister and Howland Distinguished Professor, Tony Blair, sits down to talk with Richard Levin, Yale University President, Paul Kennedy, J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History, and Lita Tandon, Yale College Class of 2010, at a "Fireside Chat" in Woolsey Hall on September 19, 2008.
http://wn.com/Tony_Blair_A_Conversation_At_Yale_University
The former British Prime Minister and Howland Distinguished Professor, Tony Blair, sits down to talk with Richard Levin, Yale University President, Paul Kennedy, J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History, and Lita Tandon, Yale College Class of 2010, at a "Fireside Chat" in Woolsey Hall on September 19, 2008.
- published: 20 Sep 2008
- views: 39159
- author: YaleUniversity
It Gets Better - Yale College
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:05
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
The students and staff of Yale College lend their voices and stories to the It Gets Better Project. yaleigb@gmail.com www.itgetsbetter.org www.facebook.com/itgetsbetterproject www.youtube.com/itgetsbetterproject
http://wn.com/It_Gets_Better_Yale_College
The students and staff of Yale College lend their voices and stories to the It Gets Better Project. yaleigb@gmail.com www.itgetsbetter.org www.facebook.com/itgetsbetterproject www.youtube.com/itgetsbetterproject
- published: 15 May 2012
- views: 21772
- author: itgetsbetteryale
The Algorithm of Jazz @Yale: Matt Griffith '14 performs Artie Shaw Concerto for Clarinet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
In 2012, William Waite Concerto Competition co-winner Matthew Griffith wowed audiences with a virtuoso performance of Artie Shaw's jazzy "Concerto for Clarinet in B Flat." A life-long musician, Matt has won numerous competitions and performed with world-class ensembles, including the United States Army Field Band and the "President's Own" United States Marine Band. Matt is currently a junior computer science and music double major at Yale and a member of Trumbull Residential College. Known as the "King of the Clarinet," composer Artie Shaw (1910-2004) was born in New York City and grew up in New Haven, Connecticut. He began playing clarinet at the age of 16 and wrote this particular concerto around the age of 30 (exact date unknown). Please watch in 1080p or 720p for best quality. - - - Produced by Julia Myers '12 Special Thanks to Toshi Shimada, Brian Robinson, Sean Maher, Jeffrey Douma, Austin Kase '11, Emmanuel Quartey '12, Scott Simpson '13, Alex Schurman '14, and Victor Wang '14 --Artie Shaw clarinet concerto used with permission by Music Sales Corporation, NY, NY.--
http://wn.com/The_Algorithm_of_Jazz_@Yale_Matt_Griffith_'14_performs_Artie_Shaw_Concerto_for_Clarinet
In 2012, William Waite Concerto Competition co-winner Matthew Griffith wowed audiences with a virtuoso performance of Artie Shaw's jazzy "Concerto for Clarinet in B Flat." A life-long musician, Matt has won numerous competitions and performed with world-class ensembles, including the United States Army Field Band and the "President's Own" United States Marine Band. Matt is currently a junior computer science and music double major at Yale and a member of Trumbull Residential College. Known as the "King of the Clarinet," composer Artie Shaw (1910-2004) was born in New York City and grew up in New Haven, Connecticut. He began playing clarinet at the age of 16 and wrote this particular concerto around the age of 30 (exact date unknown). Please watch in 1080p or 720p for best quality. - - - Produced by Julia Myers '12 Special Thanks to Toshi Shimada, Brian Robinson, Sean Maher, Jeffrey Douma, Austin Kase '11, Emmanuel Quartey '12, Scott Simpson '13, Alex Schurman '14, and Victor Wang '14 --Artie Shaw clarinet concerto used with permission by Music Sales Corporation, NY, NY.--
- published: 04 Feb 2013
- views: 5541
- author: YaleCampus
Jump for Joy @Yale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
Scott Simpson '13 shares something in common with just about every Yale student: he's unique. Currently a senior architecture major and member of Branford College, Scott won a USA Jump Rope Grand National Championship in 2008 and set world records in two events in the 2010 FISAC World Rope Skipping Championships. In this video, he shows his talent across campus and community, from the Sterling Memorial Library to the top of Rudolph Hall, down High Street and on the summit of New Haven's glorious East Rock Park. Filmed and edited by Julia Myers '12, a recent grad and linguistics major from Stiles College at Yale University, the video features original music by the student band, "The Random Kids," who are Paul Leo, currently a senior physics major in Morse College at Yale University ('13), and Evan Munz, currently a junior biology major at Indiana University ('14). You can find more of their music at: therandomkids.bandcamp.com Please watch in 720p or 1080p for best quality!
http://wn.com/Jump_for_Joy_@Yale
Scott Simpson '13 shares something in common with just about every Yale student: he's unique. Currently a senior architecture major and member of Branford College, Scott won a USA Jump Rope Grand National Championship in 2008 and set world records in two events in the 2010 FISAC World Rope Skipping Championships. In this video, he shows his talent across campus and community, from the Sterling Memorial Library to the top of Rudolph Hall, down High Street and on the summit of New Haven's glorious East Rock Park. Filmed and edited by Julia Myers '12, a recent grad and linguistics major from Stiles College at Yale University, the video features original music by the student band, "The Random Kids," who are Paul Leo, currently a senior physics major in Morse College at Yale University ('13), and Evan Munz, currently a junior biology major at Indiana University ('14). You can find more of their music at: therandomkids.bandcamp.com Please watch in 720p or 1080p for best quality!
- published: 03 Oct 2012
- views: 11298
- author: YaleCampus
Application Tips from Yale University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:18
- Updated: 24 Feb 2013
Rebekah Westphal, co-director of international admissions at Yale University, gives information and advice on applying to US universities.
http://wn.com/Application_Tips_from_Yale_University
Rebekah Westphal, co-director of international admissions at Yale University, gives information and advice on applying to US universities.
- published: 20 Sep 2010
- views: 25656
- author: USUKFulbright
TEDxYale 2013: Solve for y
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 404:06
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
Each year, TEDxYale hosts a TED conference for the Yale community. This year's event will be held on February 23rd in the Shubert Theater. Our theme is "Solve for y," encouraging speakers to explain their unique "y" and tell the audience "why" it is significant. Our 22 performances are comprised of members of the Yale community, including Yale alumni, faculty, and students. Professor Michael Frame, Ronan Farrow, Mayor DeStefano, Sandy Boynton, Clemantine Wamariya, Shades, and many incredible others will present.
http://wn.com/TEDxYale_2013_Solve_for_y
Each year, TEDxYale hosts a TED conference for the Yale community. This year's event will be held on February 23rd in the Shubert Theater. Our theme is "Solve for y," encouraging speakers to explain their unique "y" and tell the audience "why" it is significant. Our 22 performances are comprised of members of the Yale community, including Yale alumni, faculty, and students. Professor Michael Frame, Ronan Farrow, Mayor DeStefano, Sandy Boynton, Clemantine Wamariya, Shades, and many incredible others will present.
- published: 23 Feb 2013
- views: 2298
- author: YaleUniversity
Operator by The Yale Whiffenpoofs of 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Solo: Alex Caron. Featuring Henry Gottfried, Brandon Hayes and Andy Berry. From the Family Weekend Concert held on October 12, 2012, at Battell Chapel at Yale University. Video by Jim and Brennan Caldwell. Audio by Roger Arnold.
http://wn.com/Operator_by_The_Yale_Whiffenpoofs_of_2013
Solo: Alex Caron. Featuring Henry Gottfried, Brandon Hayes and Andy Berry. From the Family Weekend Concert held on October 12, 2012, at Battell Chapel at Yale University. Video by Jim and Brennan Caldwell. Audio by Roger Arnold.
- published: 29 Oct 2012
- views: 2841
- author: Jim Caldwell
Bella Tudisco: Yale University Slam 2013 (Final Round)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
Bella Tudisco performing her 2nd poem of the 2013 Yale University Slam.
http://wn.com/Bella_Tudisco_Yale_University_Slam_2013_Final_Round
Bella Tudisco performing her 2nd poem of the 2013 Yale University Slam.
- published: 27 Feb 2013
- author: MiddPoorFormPoetry
Shah Rukh Khan Detained at US airport, After SRK's speech at Yale University: Part-2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Shah Rukh Khan Detained at US airport, After SRK's speech at Yale University: Part-2
http://wn.com/Shah_Rukh_Khan_Detained_at_US_airport,_After_SRK's_speech_at_Yale_University_Part-2
Shah Rukh Khan Detained at US airport, After SRK's speech at Yale University: Part-2
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 4692
- author: newsmediaone
Material Marvels with Ainissa Ramirez - Graphene
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Updated: 04 May 2012
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, Dr. Ainissa Ramirez, discusses how a layer of carbon that is one atom thick, called graphene, will revolutionize our lives. Discovered by scientists that won the Nobel prize, graphene can be found in everyday pencils, is incredibly strong and super-conductive and will make blazingly fast computers and video games a reality.
http://wn.com/Material_Marvels_with_Ainissa_Ramirez_Graphene
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science at Yale, Dr. Ainissa Ramirez, discusses how a layer of carbon that is one atom thick, called graphene, will revolutionize our lives. Discovered by scientists that won the Nobel prize, graphene can be found in everyday pencils, is incredibly strong and super-conductive and will make blazingly fast computers and video games a reality.
- published: 14 Dec 2011
- views: 18698
- author: YaleUniversity
Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:30
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity: Kelly Brownell, Professor of Psychology and Director, Yale Rudd Center, Yale University Dr. Kelly Brownell, Professor in the Department of Psychology and Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health and as Director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale University, talks about Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity. Edible Education is a lecture course at UC Berkeley, funded by the Edible Schoolyard Project www.edibleschoolyard.org and the Epstein Roth Family Foundation. Instructor Michael Pollan.
http://wn.com/Food_Marketing_and_Childhood_Obesity
Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity: Kelly Brownell, Professor of Psychology and Director, Yale Rudd Center, Yale University Dr. Kelly Brownell, Professor in the Department of Psychology and Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health and as Director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at Yale University, talks about Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity. Edible Education is a lecture course at UC Berkeley, funded by the Edible Schoolyard Project www.edibleschoolyard.org and the Epstein Roth Family Foundation. Instructor Michael Pollan.
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 995
- author: UCBerkeley
photo: AP / Ibrahim Zayed
26 Feb 2013
Updated. February 26, 2013 8.35AM. LUXOR, Egypt — A hot air balloon flying over Egypt’s ancient city of Luxor caught fire and crashed into a sugar cane field on Tuesday, killing at least 19 foreign tourists in one of the world’s deadliest ballooning accidents and handing a new blow to Egypt’s ailing tourism industry ... The balloon then shot up in the air, the investigator said ... The security official said all 18 bodies have been recovered ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
27 Feb 2013
Russian President Vladimir Putin told the country's top brass on Wednesday to drastically upgrade the armed forces in the next few years as part of response to attempts by the United States and NATO to "tip the strategic balance" in the world. In his address to Russia's defense ministry and top military officials, Putin said Russia is witnessing "insistent attempts" to change that balance and complained about U.S ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Mary Altaffer
26 Feb 2013
Jesus Diaz - . Scientists have found proof of a sunken continent in the Indian Ocean. According to a study published in Nature Geoscience, the continent “was separated from Madagascar and fragmented into a ribbon-like configuration by a series of mid-ocean ridge jumps during the opening of the Mascarene ocean basin.”. Its name is not Atlantis, though ... [Nature Geoscience via BBC News]. Image by Shutterstock ... Related Posts ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: WN / Marzena Jazowska
28 Feb 2013
European Union chiefs have agreed a package of financial laws that includes capping bankers' bonuses at a maximum of one year's basic salary. The bonuses will only be allowed to reach twice the annual fixed salary if a large majority of a bank's shareholders agrees, said Othmar Karas, the European Parliament's chief negotiator ... The only hope now of stopping a deal is a vote of EU finance ministers to endorse the provisional agreement....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: AP / Ismael Francisco
28 Feb 2013
MEXICO CITY — He may have just taken on the toughest job in Cuba. Rivals at home will try to take him down. Enemies abroad will discredit him ... Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... Mr ... After graduating from the Central University of Las Villas in 1982, he served in the military for a few years, then slowly moved up the Communist Party ranks ... ....(size: 6.9Kb)
The Examiner
28 Feb 2013
Lewis Memorial Lecture at Morgan State University will be given by Alexander Garvin, author of The Planning Game ... Did you know? Alexander Garvin is adjunct professor of urban planning and management at Yale University, where he has taught a wide range of courses for forty-two years, including Introduction to the Study of the City, which has remained one of the most popular courses in Yale College....(size: 5.2Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
28 Feb 2013
Team of Thierry Emonet (principal investigator), Associate Professor of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology & Physics, Yale University; Thomas S. Shimizu (co-investigator), Group Leader at FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics; Steven Zucker (co-investigator), Professor of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Yale University ($1.44 million)....(size: 5.0Kb)
noodls
28 Feb 2013
Vanderbilt University) Protein Society honors Sanders ... He shares the honor with Jennifer Doudna, Ph.D., a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of California, Berkeley ... from The Ohio State University under the direction of Ming-Daw Tsai, Ph.D., and completed postdoctoral research with James Prestegard, Ph.D., at Yale University....(size: 3.0Kb)
Business Wire
28 Feb 2013
Schinazi is a Senior Research Career Scientist at the Atlanta VA and also an adjunct professor at Georgia State University and the University of Miami ... and Doctor of Science degree in Chemistry from the University of Bath, England ... Schinazi completed postdoctoral training in Pharmacology at Yale University and in Virology/Immunology from Emory University....(size: 5.7Kb)
noodls
28 Feb 2013
Assistant Secretary for Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO) Rick Barton will travel to New Haven, Connecticut, on February 28 to speak at Yale University's ......(size: 0.8Kb)
Huffington Post
28 Feb 2013
The BallCam, a foam football with a video camera embedded in its side, was created by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Electro-Communications (UEC) in Tokyo ... Ainissa Ramirez explains it this way in a Yale University video ... Also on HuffPost ... Uppsala University, "Coffee - rat poison or miracle medicine?"Simulated Anthrax On The Subway ... Harvard University Press, 2006.Weaponized Fleas In The Desert ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
Detroit Free Press
28 Feb 2013
Lori Verderame fears Americans are selling off their fortunes one garage sale at a time. Verderame, an antiques expert known as Dr ... She shares her expertise on the Discovery Channel series "Auction Kings" and in a nationally syndicated column ... She holds a PhD in art history from Pennsylvania State University and has worked at the Yale University Art Gallery, Penn State's Palmer Museum of Art and the Allentown Art Museum ... It might ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Guardian
28 Feb 2013
... of science.," he said after a speech at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh ... A fellow at Yale university's Climate and Energy Institute, and chairman of the board of Columbia university's International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Pachauri said he narrowly avoided superstorm Sandy in October 2012, leaving the US the day before it hit....(size: 5.8Kb)
PR Newswire
28 Feb 2013
LUXEMBOURG, February 28, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --. Creabilis SA, a late clinical stage European biotechnology company specialising in the development of treatments in dermatology, inflammation and pain, today announces that it has appointed Catherine Moukheibir to its Board of Directors ... She has an MA and MBA from Yale University, USA. . Catherine Moukheibir, commenting on her appointment, said ... Dr Eliot Forster CEO of Creabilis said ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
The New York Times
28 Feb 2013
The Cost of Being Gay. A look at the financial realities of same-sex partnerships. Gay couples face a host financial and legal complications because of the federal law that bans same-sex marriage ... We’ve also written about the errors that can arise when organizations have to keep track of those extra taxes, including Yale University‘s failure to withhold the proper amount of income for a group of workers ... Related Posts ... Search....(size: 8.3Kb)
Huffington Post
28 Feb 2013
Carpenter has a journalism degree from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and a culinary degree from the French Culinary Institute in New York ... Chris Rivard graduated from the University of Vermont with a bachelor's degree in Nutrition & Food Sciences and Dietetics ... Josh previously co-founded and co-directed the Yale Sustainable Food Project at Yale University....(size: 66.6Kb)
Austin American Statesman
27 Feb 2013
The issue has reignited debate over freedom of thought in Singapore's universities, a debate that also has brought attention to a joint venture between Yale University and the National University of Singapore to open a liberal arts college in the city-state ... Some Yale academics have criticized the move, accusing the university of compromising its ......(size: 3.7Kb)
noodls
27 Feb 2013
He was able to attend Yale University as an undergraduate because he earned a National Merit scholarship and received other assistance from the university ... Held numerous positions at Yale University, including director of graduate studies in psychology and professor of psychology, education and management ... in psychology, Yale University, 1972....(size: 8.4Kb)
"Yale" redirects here. For other uses, see Yale (disambiguation).
| Yale University | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Latin: Universitas Yalensis | |
| Motto | אורים ותמים (Hebrew) (Urim V'Tumim) Lux et veritas (Latin) |
| Motto in English | Light and truth |
| Established | 1701 |
| Type | Private |
| Endowment | US$ 19.4 billion (2011)[1] |
| President | Richard C. Levin |
| Academic staff | 3,619[2] |
| Students | 11,593 |
| Undergraduates | 5,275 |
| Postgraduates | 6,318 |
| Location | New Haven, Connecticut, United States |
| Campus | Urban, 837 acres (339 ha) including Yale Golf Course |
| Former names | Collegiate School (1701–1718) Yale College (1718–1887) |
| Colors | Yale Blue[3] |
| Athletics | NCAA Division I (FCS Football) Ivy League |
| Nickname | Bulldogs, Elis, Yalies[4][5][6] |
| Mascot | Handsome Dan |
| Affiliations | Ivy League AAU IARU |
| Website | yale.edu |
 |
|
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
Incorporated as the "Collegiate School," the institution traces its roots to 17th-century clergymen who sought to establish a college to train clergy and political leaders for the colony. In 1718, the College was renamed "Yale College" to honor a gift from Elihu Yale, a governor of the British East India Company. In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the first U.S. school to award the PhD.[7] Yale became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. Yale College was transformed, beginning in the 1930s, through the establishment of residential colleges: 12 now exist and two more are planned. Yale employs over 1,100 faculty to teach and advise about 5,300 undergraduate and 6,100 graduate and professional students. Almost all tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually.[8][9]
The University's assets include a US $19.4 billion endowment,[10] the second-largest of any academic institution. Yale libraries hold 12.5 million volumes in more than two dozen libraries.[11] 49 Nobel Laureates have been affiliated with the University as students, faculty, and staff. Yale has produced many notable alumni, including five U.S. Presidents, 19 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, and several foreign heads of state. Yale Law School is particularly well-regarded and the most selective law school in the United States.[12]
Yalies compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Yale and Harvard University share a strong athletic rivalry, which traditionally culminates in The Game and the Harvard-Yale Regatta. The official color of the university and its athletic teams is Yale Blue.
Contents |
History[link]
Origins[link]
Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School", passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701 in an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, James Noyes, James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all of whom were alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's first library.[13] The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".
Originally called the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson,[14] in Killingworth (now Clinton). The school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1718, the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut.
Meanwhile, a rift was forming at Harvard between its sixth president Increase Mather and the rest of the Harvard clergy, whom Mather viewed as increasingly liberal, ecclesiastically lax, and overly broad in Church polity. The feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not.[15]
In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Samuel Andrew or the colony's Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman in Wales named Elihu Yale to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college. Through the persuasion of Jeremiah Dummer, Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in India as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £560, a substantial sum at the time. Yale also donated 417 books and a portrait of King George I. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College in gratitude to its benefactor, and to increase the chances that he would give the college another large donation or bequest. Elihu Yale was away in India when the news of the school's name change reached his home in Wrexham, Wales, a trip from which he never returned. While he did ultimately leave his fortunes to the "Collegiate School within His Majesties Colony of Connecticot", the institution was never able to successfully lay claim to it.
Curriculum[link]
Yale was swept up by the great intellectual movements of the period—the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment—thanks to the religious and scientific interests of presidents Thomas Clap and Ezra Stiles. They were both instrumental in developing the scientific curriculum at Yale, while dealing with wars, student tumults, graffiti, "irrelevance" of curricula, desperate need for endowment, and fights with the Connecticut legislature.[16]
Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew words "Urim" and "Thummim" on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. Fortunately, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803,[17] for his efforts.
The Directed Studies program was founded for 125 first-year students as an interdisciplinary course encompassing great works of Western thought.
Students[link]
As the only college in Connecticut, Yale educated the sons of the elite.[18] Offenses for which students were punished included cardplaying, tavern-going, destruction of college property, and acts of disobedience to college authorities. During the period, Harvard was distinctive for the stability and maturity of its tutor corps, while Yale had youth and zeal on its side.[19]
The emphasis on classics gave rise to a number of private student societies, open only by invitation, which arose primarily as forums for discussions of modern scholarship, literature and politics. The first such organizations were debating societies: Crotonia in 1738, Linonia in 1753, and Brothers in Unity in 1768.[20]
19th century[link]
The Yale Report of 1828 was a dogmatic defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum against critics who wanted more courses in modern languages, mathematics, and science. Unlike higher education in Europe, there was no national curriculum for colleges and universities in the United States. In the competition for students and financial support, college leaders strove to keep current with demands for innovation. At the same time, they realized that a significant portion of their students and prospective students demanded a classical background. The Yale report meant the classics would not be abandoned. At the same time, all institutions experimented with changes in the curriculum, often resulting in a dual track. In the decentralized environment of higher education in the United States, balancing change with tradition was a common challenge because no one could afford to be completely modern or completely classical.[21] At the same time a group of professors at Yale and New Haven Congregationalist ministers articulated a conservative response to the changes brought about by the Victorian culture. They concentrated on developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations from within, yet flexible enough to adjust to the 'isms' (professionalism, materialism, individualism, and consumerism) tempting him from without.[22] Perhaps the most well-remembered teacher was William Graham Sumner, professor from 1872 to 1909. He taught in the emerging disciplines of economics and sociology to overflowing classrooms. He bested President Noah Porter, who disliked social science and wanted Yale to lock into its traditions of classical education, 1879–81. Porter objected to Sumner's use of a textbook by Herbert Spencer that espoused agnostic materialism because it might intellectually, morally, and religiously harm students.[23]
Sports and debate[link]
The Revolutionary War hero Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who regretted he had but one life to lose for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1900) was an artist whose heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West. The fictional, turn-of-the-20th-century Yale man Frank Merriwell embodied the heroic ideal without racial prejudice, and his fictional successor Frank Stover in the novel Stover at Yale (1911) questioned the business mentality that had become prevalent at the school. Increasingly the students turned to athletic stars as their heroes, especially since winning the big game became the goal of the student body, and the alumni, as well as the team itself.[24]
Along with Harvard and Princeton, Yale students rejected elite British concepts about 'amateurism' in sports and constructed athletic programs that were uniquely American, such as football.[25] The Harvard–Yale football rivalry began in 1875.
Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in the first intercollegiate debate, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.[26]
In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.[27]
Expansion[link]
Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847),[28] and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1901), Yale School of Public Health (1915), Yale School of Nursing (1923), Yale School of Drama (1955), Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.
Expansion caused controversy about Yale's new roles. Noah Porter, moral philosopher, was president from 1871 to 1886. During an age of tremendous expansion in higher education, Porter resisted the rise of the new research university, claiming that an eager embrace of its ideals would corrupt undergraduate education. Many of Porter's contemporaries criticized his administration, and historians since have disparaged his leadership. Levesque[29] argues Porter was not a simple-minded reactionary, uncritically committed to tradition, but a principled and selective conservative. He did not endorse everything old or reject everything new; rather, he sought to apply long-established ethical and pedagogical principles to a rapidly changing culture. He may have misunderstood some of the challenges of his time, but he correctly anticipated the enduring tensions that have accompanied the emergence and growth of the modern university.
File:PostcardNewHavenCTYaleUBirdsEye1911.jpg
Aerial view from the south, 1906
20th century[link]
Behavioral sciences[link]
Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort. The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior. For example, Yerkes analyzed chimpanzee sexual behavior in hopes of illuminating the evolutionary underpinnings of human development and providing information that could ameliorate dysfunction. Ultimately, the behavioral-science results disappointed foundation officers, who shifted their human-engineering funds toward biological sciences.[30]
Biology[link]
Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.[31]
Medicine[link]
Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick, leader, he not only kept the school from going under but also turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, built numerous new buildings, and accomplished much more. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.[32]
Faculty[link]
Before World War II, most elite university faculties counted among their numbers few, if any, Jews, blacks, women, or other minorities; Yale was no exception. By 1980, this condition had been altered dramatically, as numerous members of those groups held faculty positions.[33]
History and American Studies[link]
The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle. Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty. Popular among undergraduates, the program sought to instruct them in the fundamentals of American civilization and thereby instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose.[34] Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William R. Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming. Coe was concerned to celebrate the 'values' of the Western United States in order to meet the "threat of communism."[35]
Women[link]
Women studied at Yale University as early as 1876, in graduate-level programs at the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female, declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969.[36] Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate;[37] she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall.
A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center.[38] In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale.[39]
Class[link]
Yale, like other Ivy League schools, instituted policies in the early 20th century designed artificially to increase the proportion of white Protestants of notable families in the student body (see numerus clausus), and was one of the last of the Ivies to eliminate such preferences, beginning with the class of 1970.[40]
Town-gown relations[link]
Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city. Evidence suggests that the town and gown relationships are mutually beneficial. Still, the economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success amid a decline in the local economy.[41]
Yale in the 21st century[link]
In 2007, Yale President Rick Levin characterized Yale's institutional priorities: "First, among the nation's finest research universities, Yale is distinctively committed to excellence in undergraduate education. Second, in our graduate and professional schools, as well as in Yale College, we are committed to the education of leaders."[42]
The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale."[43] Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004. Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972). Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Hillary Rodham Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992), Pat Robertson (1988) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992).
Several explanations have been offered for Yale’s representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates.[44] Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster.[44] Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong tradition of volunteerism at Yale."[43] Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News.[45] Camille Paglia points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of friendships and affiliations built up in school."[46] CNN suggests that George W. Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson of alumni," and for a "member of a politically influential family."[47] New York Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists between students, faculty, and administration, which downplays self-interest and reinforces commitment to others.[48]
During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique." When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism".[49][50] In 2004, Howard Dean stated, "In some ways, I consider myself separate from the other three (Yale) candidates of 2004. Yale changed so much between the class of '68 and the class of '71. My class was the first class to have women in it; it was the first class to have a significant effort to recruit African Americans. It was an extraordinary time, and in that span of time is the change of an entire generation".[51]
In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative.[52] As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization".[53] As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians."[54] Also, in 2009, an alliance was formed between Yale, University College London and both schools’ affiliated hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of patient care—a growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but "no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL."[55]
Administration and organization[link]
The President and Fellows of Yale College, also known as the Yale Corporation, is the governing board of the University.
Yale's president Richard C. Levin is one of the highest paid university presidents in the United States with a 2008 salary of $1.5 million.[56]
The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977, Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994, Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002, Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007, Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College.
In 2008, Provost Andrew Hamilton was confirmed to be the Vice Chancellor of the University of Oxford.[57] Former Dean of Yale College Richard H. Brodhead serves as the President of Duke University.
Staff and labor unions[link]
Main article: Federation of Hospital and University Employees
Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of Unite Here and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU.[58] In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees.[59] Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.[60]
Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes.[61] There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.[62] Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect.[63] In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking.[64] Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.[65]
Campus[link]
File:Yale law school.JPG
Yale Law School
Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2). An additional 500 acres (2.0 km2) includes the Yale golf course and nature preserves in rural Connecticut and Horse Island.[66]
Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus[67] as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery[68] and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s.
Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the Collegiate Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931, financed largely by Edward S. Harkness[69] Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portray contemporary college personalities such as a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has fallen asleep while reading. Similarly, the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute (on the wall of the Law School), or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette. The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid,[70] deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages. In fact, the buildings merely simulate Middle Ages architecture, for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner, most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930. One exception is Harkness Tower, 216 feet (66 m) tall, which was originally a free-standing stone structure. It was reinforced in 1964 to allow the installation of the Yale Memorial Carillon.
Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall,[71] Phelps Hall,[72] St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college.[73]
File:NathanHaleStatue.jpg
Statue of Nathan Hale in front of Connecticut Hall
The oldest building on campus, Connecticut Hall (built in 1750), is in the Georgian style. Georgian-style buildings erected from 1929 to 1933 include Timothy Dwight College, Pierson College, and Davenport College, except the latter's east, York Street façade, which was constructed in the Gothic style.
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, is one of the largest buildings in the world reserved exclusively for the preservation of rare books and manuscripts.[74] It is located near the center of the University in Hewitt Quadrangle, which is now more commonly referred to as "Beinecke Plaza".
The library's six-story above-ground tower of book stacks is surrounded by a windowless rectangular building with walls made of translucent Vermont marble, which transmit subdued lighting to the interior and provide protection from direct light, while glowing from within after dark.
The sculptures in the sunken courtyard by Isamu Noguchi are said to represent time (the pyramid), the sun (the circle), and chance (the cube).
Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.[75]
Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale.[76] Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges.[77] Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification.[78] Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls.[79] Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a “B+” grade overall.[80]
Notable nonresidential campus buildings[link]
Notable nonresidential campus buildings and landmarks include Battell Chapel, Beinecke Rare Book Library, Harkness Tower, Ingalls Rink, Kline Biology Tower, Osborne Memorial Laboratories, Payne Whitney Gymnasium, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Sterling Hall of Medicine, Sterling Law Buildings, Sterling Memorial Library, Woolsey Hall, Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Art Gallery, and Yale Art & Architecture Building.
Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).
-
The Starr Reading Room
-
Harkness Tower
-
The Library Circulation Desk
-
Memorial Chapel on Yale's Old Campus
-
The Yale School of Management
-
Yale School of Architecture
-
Yale School of Forestry
-
Old campus2.jpg
Connecticut Hall
-
Yale Peabody Museum
-
The Yale Bowl
Campus safety[link]
In addition to the Yale University Police Department, founded in 1894,[81] a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and a shuttle service.[82]
In the 1970s and 1980s, poverty and violent crime rose in New Haven, dampening Yale's student and faculty recruiting efforts.[83] Between 1990 and 2006, New Haven's crime rate fell by half, helped by a community policing strategy by the New Haven police and Yale's campus became the safest among the Ivy League and other peer schools.[84] Nonetheless, across the board, the city of New Haven has retained the highest levels of crime of any Ivy League city for more than a decade.[85]
In 2002–04, Yale reported 14 violent crimes (homicide, aggravated assault, or sex offenses), when Harvard reported 83 such incidents, Princeton 24, and Stanford 54. The incidence of nonviolent crime (burglary, arson, and motor vehicle theft) was also lower than most of its peer schools.
In 2004, a national non-profit watchdog group called Security on Campus filed a complaint with the Department of Education, accusing Yale of under-reporting rape and sexual assaults.[86][87]
Academics[link]
Admissions[link]
For the Class of 2016, Yale accepted 1,975 students out of a record 28,975 total applications, hitting a record-low acceptance of 6.8%.[88]
The university is one of only seven institutions of higher education in the world that is need blind and full-need to all of its applicants, including international students.[89] Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants, and more than 50% of Yale students receive financial assistance. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average scholarship for the 2011–2012 school year was $35,400. More than 750 students in Yale College are expected to have $0 parental contribution.
Half of all Yale undergraduates are women, more than 30% are minorities, and 8% are international students. Fifty-five percent attended public schools and 45% attended private, religious, or international schools.[90] In addition, Yale College admits a small group of nontraditional students each year, through the Eli Whitney Students Program.
Collections[link]
_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg)
Yale University Library, which holds over 12 million volumes, is the second-largest university collection in the United States.[91] The main library, Sterling Memorial Library, contains about four million volumes, and other holdings are dispersed at subject libraries.
Rare books are found in a number of Yale collections. The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts. The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library includes important historical medical texts, including an impressive collection of rare books, as well as historical medical instruments. The Lewis Walpole Library contains the largest collection of 18th-century British literary works. The Elizabethan Club, technically a private organization, makes its Elizabethan folios and first editions available to qualified researchers through Yale.
Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery is the country's first university-affiliated art museum. It contains more than 180,000 works, including old masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building.
The Peabody Museum of Natural History in New Haven is used by school children and contains research collections in anthropology, archaeology, and the natural environment. The Yale University Collection of Musical Instruments, affiliated with the Yale School of Music, is perhaps the least well-known of Yale's collections, because its hours of opening are restricted.
The museums also house the artifacts brought to the United States from Peru by Yale history professor Hiram Bingham in his expedition to Machu Picchu in 1912 – when the removal of such artifacts was legal. Peru would now like to have the items returned; Yale has so far declined.[92] In November 2010, a Yale University representative agreed to return the artifacts to a Peruvian university.[93]
University rankings[link]
| University rankings (overall) | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| ARWU[94] | 9 |
| Forbes[95] | 14 |
| U.S. News & World Report[96] | 3 |
| Washington Monthly[97] | 23 |
| Global | |
| ARWU[98] | 11 |
| QS[99] | 4 |
| Times[100] | 10 |
The 'U.S. News & World Report' ranked Yale third among national universities in 2012, as it has for each of the past fifteen years, in every case behind, in either order or tied, Princeton and Harvard.[101] It was ranked fourth in the 2011 QS World University Rankings and tenth in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[102][103] (In 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings.) Yale had featured in the top five for each of the past four years. The same ranking also named Yale as the fifth best university in the world for arts and humanities. Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s Academic Ranking of World Universities, placed Yale at 11 in 2010. ARWU also ranked Yale 25th in Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 76–100th in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences, 9th in Life and Agriculture Sciences, 21st in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy and 8th in Social Sciences worldwide.[104]
Faculty, research, and intellectual traditions[link]
 |
This article is missing information about research expenditures, government support, physical research plant, notable faculty, notable research programs or groups. This concern has been noted on the talk page where whether or not to include such information may be discussed. (May 2009) |
The college is, after normalization for institution size, the tenth-largest baccalaureate source of doctoral degree recipients in the United States, and the largest such source within the Ivy League.[105]
Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.
Since summer 2010, Yale has also been host to Yale Publishing Course.
Campus life[link]
Yale is a medium-sized research university, most of whose students are in the graduate and professional schools. Undergraduates, or Yale College students, come from a variety of ethnic, national, and socio-economic backgrounds. Of the 2010–2011 freshman class, 10% are non-U.S. citizens, while 54% went to public high schools.[106] Yale is also an open campus for the gay community.[107][108] Its active LGBT community first received wide publicity in the late 1980s, when Yale obtained a reputation as the "gay Ivy," due largely to a 1987 Wall Street Journal article written by Julie V. Iovine, an alumna and the spouse of a Yale faculty member. During the same year, the University hosted a national conference on gay and lesbian studies and established the Lesbian and Gay Studies Center.[109] The slogan "One in Four, Maybe More" was coined by the campus gay community. While the community in the 1980s and early 1990s was very activist, today most LGBT events have become part of the general campus social scene.[110] For example, the annual LGBT Co-op Dance attracts straight as well as gay students.
Residential colleges[link]
Main article: Residential colleges of Yale University
Yale has a system of 12 residential colleges, instituted in 1933 through a grant by Yale graduate Edward S. Harkness, who admired the college systems at Oxford and Cambridge. Each college has a Dean, Master, affiliated faculty, and resident Fellows. Each college also features distinctive architecture, secluded courtyards, a commons room, meeting rooms/classrooms, and a dining hall; in addition some have chapels, libraries, squash courts, pool tables, short order dining counters, cafes, or darkrooms. Each college at Yale offers its own seminars, social events, and Master's Teas, and most of them are open to students from other residential colleges. However, Yale remains a unitary university, while Oxford and Cambridge colleges are self-governed charitable institutions in their own right.
All of Yale's 2,000 undergraduate courses are open to members of any college.
The dominant architecture of the residential colleges is Neo-Gothic, in line with the characteristic architecture of the university. Several colleges have other period architecture, such as Georgian and Federal, and the two most recent (Morse and Ezra Stiles) have modernist concrete exteriors.
Students are assigned to a residential college in their freshman year. Only two residential colleges (Silliman and Timothy Dwight) house freshmen. The majority of on-campus freshmen live on the "Old Campus", an extensive quadrangle formed by older buildings. Each residential college has its own dining hall, but students are permitted to eat in any residential college dining hall or the large dining facility called "Commons."
Residential colleges are named for important figures or places in university history or notable alumni.
-
Berkeley College
-
Branford College
-
Calhoun College
-
Davenport College
-
Jonathan Edwards College Winter 2004.jpg
Jonathan Edwards College
-
MainCourtyard.jpg
Trumbull College
_at_Yale.jpg)
List of residential colleges[link]
This is a list of residential colleges at Yale.[111]
- Berkeley College, named for the Rt. Rev. George Berkeley (1685–1753), early benefactor of Yale.[112]
- Branford College, named for Branford, Connecticut, where Yale was briefly located.[113]
- Calhoun College, named for John C. Calhoun, vice-president and influential member of Congress of the United States.[114]
- Davenport College, named for Rev. John Davenport, the founder of New Haven. Often called "D'port".[115]
- Ezra Stiles College, named for the Rev. Ezra Stiles, a president of Yale. Generally called "Stiles," despite an early-1990s crusade by then-master Traugott Lawler to preserve the use of the full name in everyday speech. Its buildings were designed by Eero Saarinen.[116]
- Jonathan Edwards College, named for theologian, Yale alumnus, and Princeton co-founder Jonathan Edwards. Generally called "J.E." The oldest of the residential colleges, J.E. is the only college with an independent endowment, the Jonathan Edwards Trust.[117]
- Morse College, named for Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of Morse code and the telegraph. Also designed by Eero Saarinen.[118]
- Pierson College, named for Yale's first rector, Abraham Pierson.[119] A statue of Abraham Pierson stands on Yale's Old Campus.[120]
- Saybrook College, named for Old Saybrook, Connecticut, the town in which Yale was founded.[121]
- Silliman College, named for noted scientist and Yale professor Benjamin Silliman. About half of its structures were originally part of the Sheffield Scientific School.[122]
- Timothy Dwight College, named for the two Yale presidents of that name, Timothy Dwight IV and Timothy Dwight V. Often abbreviated "T.D."[123]
- Trumbull College, named for Jonathan Trumbull, first Governor of Connecticut.[124]
In 1998, Yale launched a series of extensive renovations to the older residential buildings, which in many decades of existence had seen only routine maintenance and incremental improvements to plumbing, heating, and electrical and network wiring. Many of these renovations have now been completed, and among other improvements, renovated colleges feature newly built basement facilities including snack bars called "butteries," game rooms, theaters, athletic facilities, fine arts studios, and music practice rooms.
In June 2008, President Levin announced that the Yale Corporation had authorized the construction of two new residential colleges, scheduled to open in 2013. The additional colleges, to be built in the northern part of the campus, will allow for expanded admission and a reduction of crowding in the existing residential colleges.[125] Designs have been released, and some public controversy has surfaced over Yale's decision to demolish a number of historic buildings on the site, including a recently constructed library, in order to clear it for the $600 million new structures.[126]
Student organizations[link]
Main article: List of Yale University student organizations
The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. The latter categories include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, the weekly Yale Herald, published since 1986, and The Yale Record, which was established in 1872 and is America's oldest college humor magazine. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend.
The Yale Political Union is advised by alumni political leaders such as John Kerry and George Pataki. The Yale International Relations Association functions as the umbrella organization for the top-ranked Model UN team.
The campus also includes several fraternities and sororities. The campus features at least 18 a cappella groups, the most famous of which is The Whiffenpoofs, who are unusual among college singing groups in being made up solely of senior men.
Yale's secret societies include Skull and Bones, Scroll and Key, Wolf's Head, Book and Snake, Elihu, Berzelius, St. Elmo, Manuscript, and Mace and Chain. The two oldest existing honor societies are the Aurelian (1910) and the Torch Honor Society (1916).[127]
The Elizabethan Club, a social club, has a membership of undergraduates, graduates, faculty and staff with literary or artistic interests. Membership is by invitation. Members and their guests may enter the "Lizzie's" premises for conversation and tea. The club owns first editions of a Shakespeare Folio, several Shakespeare Quartos, a first edition of Milton's Paradise Lost, among other important literary texts.
Traditions[link]
Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years".[128] ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so.[129] In the second half of the twentieth century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009 and 2011, but its future remains uncertain.[130]
Athletics[link]
Main article: Yale Bulldogs
Yale supports 35 varsity athletic teams that compete in the Ivy League Conference, the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association. Yale athletic teams compete intercollegiately at the NCAA Division I level. Like other members of the Ivy League, Yale does not offer athletic scholarships.
Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural "bowl" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world.[131] October 21, 2000 marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7.5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race.
Yale crew is the oldest collegiate athletic team in America, and won Olympic Games Gold Medal for men's eights in 1924 and 1956. The Yale Corinthian Yacht Club, founded in 1881, is the oldest collegiate sailing club in the world.
In 1896, Yale and Johns Hopkins played the first known ice hockey game in the United States. Since 2006, the school's ice hockey clubs have played a commemorative game.[132]
For kicks, between 1954 and 1982, residential college teams and student organizations played bladderball.[133]
Yale students claim to have invented Frisbee, by tossing empty Frisbie Pie Company tins.[134][135]
Song[link]
Notable among the songs commonly played and sung at events such as commencement, convocation, alumni gatherings, and athletic games are the alma mater, "Bright College Years", and the Yale fight song, "Down the Field."
Two other fight songs, "Bulldog, Bulldog" and "Bingo Eli Yale", written by Cole Porter during his undergraduate days, are still sung at football games. Another fight song sung at games is "Boola Boola". According to “College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology” published in 1998, “Down the Field” ranks as the fourth-greatest fight song of all time.[136]
Mascot[link]
The school mascot is "Handsome Dan", the known Yale bulldog, and the Yale fight song (written by Cole Porter while he was a student at Yale) contains the refrain, "Bulldog, bulldog, bow wow wow." The school color, since 1894, is Yale Blue[137]. Yale's Handsome Dan is believed to be the first college mascot in America, having been established in 1889.[138]
Yale athletics are supported by the Yale Precision Marching Band. Precision is used here ironically; the band is a scatter-style band that runs wildly between formations rather than actually marching.[139] The band attends every home football game and many away, as well as most hockey and basketball games throughout the winter.
Yale intramural sports are also a significant aspect of student life. Students compete for their respective residential colleges, fostering a friendly rivalry. The year is divided into fall, winter, and spring seasons, each of which includes about ten different sports. About half the sports are coeducational. At the end of the year, the residential college with the most points (not all sports count equally) wins the Tyng Cup.
Notable people[link]
Benefactors[link]
Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions. Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are: Elihu Yale; Jeremiah Dummer; the Harkness family (Edward, Anna, and William); the Beinecke family (Edwin, Frederick, and Walter); John William Sterling; Payne Whitney; Joseph E. Sheffield, Paul Mellon, Charles B. G. Murphy and William K. Lanman. The Yale Class of 1954, led by Richard Gilder, donated $70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion.[140]
Notable alumni and faculty[link]
Main article: List of Yale University people
Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields. Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; Italian premier Mario Monti; Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; Democratic Presidential nominee John Kerry; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F.B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; Academy Award winning actors and directors Paul Newman, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Jodie Foster, Frances McDormand, Angela Bassett, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Oliver Stone, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp; composers Charles Ives and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce; President of Mexico Ernesto Zedillo; President of the Federal Republic of Germany Karl Carstens; Philippines President José Paciano Laurel; Nobel Laureate in Economics and popular book author Paul Krugman; inventor of the cyclotron and Nobel Laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; director of the Human Genome Project, Francis S. Collins; economist Irving Fischer, "The Father of Monetarism"; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley; Boeing CEO James McNerney; FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith; Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller; Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes; Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster.
Yale in fiction and popular culture[link]
Further information: List of Yale University people and Yale in popular culture
Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society[141] and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover[142] and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs.[143][144]
Notes and references[link]
- ^ "Investment Return of 21.9% Brings Yale Endowment Value to $19.4 Billion". Yale Daily Bulletin. September 28, 2011. http://dailybulletin.yale.edu/article.aspx?id=8925. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
- ^ "Yale Facts | Yale". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/about/facts.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Yale University – Identity Guidelines". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/printer/identity/yaleblue.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1920), This Side of Paradise, chapter 2: "half-a-dozen seats were kept from sale and occupied by six of the worst-looking vagabonds that could be hired from the streets... At the moment in the show where Firebrand, the Pirate Chief, pointed at his black flag and said, "I am a Yale graduate – note my Skull and Bones!" – at this very moment the six vagabonds were instructed to rise conspicuously and leave the theatre with looks of deep melancholy and an injured dignity. It was claimed though never proved that on one occasion the hired Elis were swelled by one of the real thing."
- ^ Kanya Balakrishna (November 20, 2006). "Five Elis win Rhodes". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012002502/http://yaledailynews.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=34429. Retrieved December 31, 2006. , "Four Yale undergraduates and one student from the Graduate School are among the 32 students around the country to receive Rhodes scholarships this year.
- ^ Mark Alden Branch (February 2003). "The Ten Greatest Yalies Who Never Were". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/03_02/fictional.html. Retrieved February 26, 2006.
- ^ "Academic programs | Yale". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/schools/index.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Lu, Carmen (October 15, 2009). "Undergraduate teaching requirement a myth". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/university-news/2009/10/15/undergraduate-teaching-requirement-myth/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale.edu[dead link]
- ^ Conroy, Tom (September 28, 2011). "YaleNews | Investment Return of 21.9% Brings Yale Endowment Value to $19.4 Billion". Dailybulletin.yale.edu. http://dailybulletin.yale.edu/article.aspx?id=8925. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Yale University Library: Libraries & Collections A-Z". Library.yale.edu. July 10, 2006. http://www.library.yale.edu/libraries/libraries.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "2009 Raw Data Law School Rankings: Acceptance Rate (Ascending)". Internet Legal Research Group. http://www.ilrg.com/rankings/law/index.php/1/asc/Accept/avg. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
- ^ The Harvard Crimson: "I'm Gonna Git Yoy Sukka: Classic Stories of Revenge at Harvard.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Although Pierson was "rector" in his own time, he is today considered the first president of Yale.
- ^ "Increase Mather". http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_057300_matherincrea.htm. , Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Louis Leonard Tucker, Puritan Protagonist: President Thomas Clap of Yale College (1970); Edmund S. Morgan, The Gentle Puritan: A Life of Ezra Stiles, 1727–1795 (1970).
- ^ "Edmund Fanning (1739–1818)". http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~jwickham/edmund.htm. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ Historian Bruce Daniels has used biographical dictionaries of the college graduates of Yale University, presents statistics on Yale graduates from the classes of 1702 to 1780, focusing on the graduates' career choices, their success in life, religious affiliation, vital statistics, the percentage of those who supported the American Revolution, and geographic mobility. See Bruce C. Daniels, "College Students and Puritan Society: a Quantitative Profile of Yale Graduates in Colonial America," Connecticut History 1982 (23): 1–23
- ^ Kathryn McDaniel. Moore, "The War with the Tutors: Student-faculty Conflict at Harvard and Yale, 1745–1771," History of Education Quarterly 1978 18(2): 115–127,
- ^ None of these continue to exist today. They are commemorated in names given to campus structures, such as Brothers in Unity Courtyard in Branford College.
- ^ Michael S. Pak, "The Yale Report of 1828: A New Reading and New Implications," History of Education Quarterly 2008 48(1): 30–57; Melvin I. Urofsky, "Reforms and Response: The Yale Report of 1828," History of Education Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), pp. 53–67 in JSTOR
- ^ Louise L. Stevenson, Scholarly Means to Evangelical Ends: The New Haven Scholars and the Transformation of Higher Learning in America, 1830–1890 (1986)
- ^ Alfred McClung Lee, "The Forgotten Sumner," Journal of the History of Sociology 1980–1981 3(1): 87–106
- ^ Robert Higgs, "'Götterdämmerung' and Palingenesis: Yale and the Heroic Ideal, 1865–1914," Proteus 1986 3(1): 18–24
- ^ Ronald A. Smith, Sports and Freedom: The Rise of Big Time College Athletics (1988)
- ^ Roberta J. Park, "Muscle, Mind, and 'Agon:' Intercollegiate Debating and Athletics at Harvard and Yale, 1892–1909," Journal of Sport History 1987 14(3): 263–285
- ^ John S., Watterson III, "The Football Crisis of 1909–1910: the Response of the Eastern 'Big Three'," Journal of Sport History 1981 8(1): 33–49
- ^ Sheffield was originally named Yale Scientific School; it was renamed in 1861 after a major donation from Joseph E. Sheffield.
- ^ George Levesque, "Noah Porter Revisited," Perspectives on the History of Higher Education 2007 26: 29–66,
- ^ Kersten Jacobson Biehn, "Psychobiology, Sex Research and Chimpanzees: Philanthropic Foundation Support for the Behavioral Sciences at Yale University, 1923–41," History of the Human Sciences 2008 21(2): 21–43,
- ^ Nancy G. Slack, "Are Research Schools Necessary? Contrasting Models of 20th Century Research at Yale Led by Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford and G. Evelyn Hutchinson," Journal of the History of Biology 2003 36(3): 501–529,
- ^ Howard Spiro and Priscilla Waters Norton, "Dean Milton C. Winternitz at Yale," Perspectives in Biology & Medicine 2003 46(3): 403–412,
- ^ William Palmer, "On or about 1950 or 1955 History Departments Changed: A Step in the Creation of the Modern History Department," Journal of the Historical Society (1529921x); 2007 7(3): 385–405
- ^ Michael Holzman, "The Ideological Origins of American Studies at Yale," American Studies 40:2 (Summer 1999): 71–99
- ^ Liza Nicholas, "Wyoming as America: Celebrations, a Museum, and Yale," American Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp. 437–465 in JSTOR
- ^ "A History of the Curriculum 1865-1970s – Vassar College Encyclopedia". Vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu. http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/index.php/A_History_of_the_Curriculum_1865-1970s. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale Bulletin and Calendar: "Transformations brought about by Yale women.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "To Break the Silence" (PDF). http://www.mcolaw.com/docs/ao_tobreakthesilence_speech.pdf. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Huffington Post: "Yale Students File Title IX Suit Against the University". Retrieved April 29, 2011.
- ^ Yale Alumni Magazine: "The Birth of a New Institution.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Gordon Lafer, "Land and Labor in the Post-Industrial University Town: Remaking Social Geography," Political Geography 2003 22(1): 89–117, focuses on Yale.
- ^ "Preparing for Yale's Fourth Century". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/96_12/levin.html. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Boston Globe November 17, 2002, Magazine, p. 6
- ^ a b Los Angeles Times October 4, 2000, p. E1
- ^ New York Times: p. 14. August 13, 2000
- ^ Boston Globe: p. F1. August 13, 2000
- ^ Kinsley, Michael (January 20, 2003). "How affirmative action helped George W.". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/20/timep.affirm.action.tm/.
- ^ Yale Alumni Magazine: 45. May/June 2004.
- ^ Tarpley, Webster G.; Chaitkin, Anton. "George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography: Chapter XXII Bush Takes The Presidency". Webster G. Tarpley. http://www.tarpley.net/bush22.htm. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen (June 11, 1998). "Bush Traces How Yale Differs From Harvard". The New York Times: p. 10.
- ^ "For Country: The (Second) Great All-Blue Presidential Race". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_05/presidents.html. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Seeking to Understand Faith and Globalisation". The Tony Blair Faith Foundation. http://www.tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/projects/faith-and-globalisation/. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Ernesto Zedillo Biography". Yale Center for the Study of Globalization. http://www.ycsg.yale.edu/center/zedillo.html. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Shim, Eileen. "Howard Dean, professor?". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2009/jan/26/howard-dean-professor/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Drew Henderson. "Yale joins research alliance". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2009/oct/09/yale-joins-research-alliance.
- ^ de Vise, Daniel (November 15, 2010). "Million-dollar college presidents on the rise". Washington Post: p. B1.
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Bottomly to Leave for Wellesley Presidency."
- ^ "YaleUnions.org". YaleUnions.org. http://www.yaleunions.org/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Kahn, Sam (April 1, 2005). "Yale Police union to join COPS". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2005/apr/01/yale-police-union-to-join-cops/.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Everett (October 14, 2010). "Yale Security votes to unionize Thursday". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/oct/14/yale-security-votes-to-unionize-thursday/. Rosenfeld, Everett (October 15, 2010). "Union Vote Contested by Yale". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/oct/15/union-vote-contested-by-yale/.
- ^ See, e.g., Toni Gilpin, Gary Isaac, Dan Letwin, and Jack McKivigan, On Strike for Respect: The Clerical and Technical Workers' Strike at Yale University, 1984–85 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995).
- ^ Greenhouse, Steven (March 4, 2003). "Yale's Labor Troubles Deepen as Thousands Go on Strike". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E2DE173FF937A35750C0A9659C8B63.
- ^ "Solidarity Strong as Yale Strike Ends". Aflcio.org. March 6, 2003. http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/ns03062003.cfm. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Office of Public Affairs at Yale – News Release". Yale.edu. September 12, 2003. http://www.yale.edu/opa/newsr/03-09-12-02.all.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Charlie Rose Show, Interview with David Graeber, 2006, PBS
- ^ Yale University: "A Framework for Campus Planning.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ Assorted pictures of Yale's campus.. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ About the Yale Art Gallery., Retrieved April 10, 2007. Archived April 8, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Synnott, Marcia Graham. The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900 – 1970, Greenwood Press, 1979. Westport, Connecticut, London, England
- ^ Yale Herald: "Donor steps up to fund CCL renovations.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Vanderbilt Hall
- ^ Phelps Hall[dead link]
- ^ Silliman College[dead link]
- ^ Beinecke Rare Book Library: "About the Library Building.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Assorted pictures of Ezra Stiles College, Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Sustainability Strategy". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainability/strategy.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale commits to long-term Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Renewable Energy Strategy". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainability/yaleCommits.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy". Yale University. http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:9V9KQM2ibk4J:www.yale.edu/environ/docs/greenhouse_fin1.pdf+yale+LEED+eleven&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale Sustainable Food Project". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainablefood/. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "College Sustainability Report Card 2008". Sustainable Endowments Institute. http://www.endowmentinstitute.org/. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale University Police Department". http://www.yale.edu/police/. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ^ "Yale University Department of Security". http://www.yalesecurity.yale.edu/services.html. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ^ AJ Giannini. Life, love, death and prestige in New Haven. Neon. 27:113–116, 1984.
- ^ Office of Post-Secondary Education: "Security search.", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ City-Data.com:[1], Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Panel questions way University handles sex crimes", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ Yale Daily News: " Yale may not report all crimes", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Yale University Class of 2016 Admission Rate". http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2012/mar/29/yale-offers-admission-1975-applicants/?cross-campus. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
- ^ Yale University Financial Aid Policies[dead link]
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Diverse class of 2010 arrives in Elm City.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 22 – The Nation's Largest Libraries". American Library Association. Archived from the original on February 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080218115521/http://www.ala.org/ala/alalibrary/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet22.cfm. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ^ "Machu Picchu in a Box" (PDF). http://opa.yale.edu/opa/mpi/MP-EnCaja-English-20080626.pdf. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "CNN: "Peru's president: Yale agrees to return Incan artifacts"". November 20, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/11/20/peru.yale.artifacts/index.html?hpt=T2.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities: National". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2011. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2011.html. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "America's Best Colleges". Forbes. 2011. http://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ^ "National Universities Rankings". America's Best Colleges 2012. U.S. News & World Report. September 13, 2011. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "The Washington Monthly National University Rankings". The Washington Monthly. 2011. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/rankings_2011/national_university_rank.php. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities: Global". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2011. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2011.html. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2011. http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ^ "Top 400 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–2012". The Times Higher Education. 2011. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011-2012/top-400.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ^ "National University Rankings – Best Colleges 2011". US News and World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-universities-rankings. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings". Topuniversities. http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "World University Rankings". The Times Higher Educational Supplement. 2010. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/top-200.html. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
- ^ "|Yale University". Arwu.org. http://www.arwu.org/Institution.jsp?param=Yale%20University. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Centre.edu "Baccalaureate Origins Peer Analysis 2000, Center College."
- ^ "Yale Factsheet". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/oir/factsheet.html#Yale%20College%20Student%20Body%20Characteristics. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Editors, The (July/August 2009). "Why they call Yale the "Gay Ivy"". Yale Alumni Magazine: p. 33
- ^ Chauncey, George (July/August 2009). "Gay at Yale: How things changed". Yale Alumni Magazine: pp. 32–43
- ^ "After Dispute, Yale Planning A Conference on Gay Studies". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 21, 1987. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/21/nyregion/after-dispute-yale-planning-a-conference-on-gay-studies.html.
- ^ "To Be Gay at Yale". Rolling Stone. http://jaydixit.com/writing/gayatyale.htm. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Yale University: "Undergraduate Residential Life.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "Berkeley College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/berkeley/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Branford College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/branford/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Calhoun College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/calhoun/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Davenport College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/davenport/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Ezra Stiles College Home Page". Ezrastilescollege.org. http://www.ezrastilescollege.org/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Jonathan Edwards College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/je/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Morse College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/morse/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Pierson College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/pierson/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Pierson History. http://pierson.yalecollege.yale.edu/history. Retrieved on Nov 7, 2011
- ^ "Saybrook College Home Page". Yale.edu. November 30, 2011. http://www.yale.edu/saybrook/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Silliman College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/sm/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Timothy Dwight College Home Page". Yale.edu. October 6, 2009. http://www.yale.edu/td/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Trumbull College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/trumbull/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale University Office of Public Affairs: "Yale to Establish Two New Residential Colleges.". Retrieved June 7, 2008.
- ^ "Design New Haven: Demolition Date Approaches for New Residential College Site: Preservation Issues Spark Appeals to Yale". Downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com. August 29, 2009. http://downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com/2009/08/demolition-date-approaches-for-new.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/YHO/ExtracurricularandSocialOrganizations.pdf
- ^ Toch, Thomas (June 8, 1992). "Singing the Blues at Yale". US News & World Report.
- ^ Branch, Mark Alden (March 1998). "Yale's Tallest Tales". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/98_03/talltales.html.
- ^ Prawdzik, Ben (October 10, 2011). "THE NEWS WINS BLADDERBALL". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/10/bladderball-reemerges-brief-game/.
- ^ Yale Herald: "House of Payne gets ready for the new millennium." Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Club Ice Hockey". Yale.edu. October 19, 2007. http://www.yale.edu/clubhockey/teamhistory.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Muller, Eli (February 28, 2001). "Bladderball: 30 years of zany antics, dangerous fun". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/university-news/2001/02/28/bladderball-30-years-of-zany-antics-dangerous-fun/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Local pie tin first Frisbee, legend holds". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2007/nov/05/local-pie-tin-first-frisbee-legend-holds/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ "About Connecticut: General Description and Facts". Connecticut State Government. http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ "'Victory March' rated No. 1 college fight song". University of Notre Dame News. http://newsinfo.nd.edu/news/6427-victory-march-rated-no-1-college-fight-song/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ (prior to 1894, Yale's color was green) (see: Thompson, Ellen (October 1, 2002). "True Blue". The New Journal. http://www.thenewjournalatyale.com/2002/10/true-blue/. Retrieved January 4, 2012. )
- ^ "History of the Yale Bulldog "Handsome Dan"". Yale Bulldogs. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070605212605/http://yalebulldogs.cstv.com/trads/mascot.html. Retrieved June 8, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Precision Marching Band Frequently Asked Questions". http://www.yale.edu/yaleband/ypmb/faq.html. Retrieved December 14, 2009. ""The YPMB is one of twelve scatter-style marching bands in the country....Between formations we run around wildly."
- ^ Strom, Stephanie (June 1, 2004). "$75,000 a Record Gift for Yale? Here's How". The New York Times (New York). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E7D81631F932A35755C0A9629C8B63&scp=1&sq=Yale%20class%20of%201954%20%24110%20million&st=cse. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
- ^ Thalmann, William G. (1998). The swineherd and the bow: representations of class in the Odyssey. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3479-3.
- ^ Baddeley, Jenna. "Memoir demonstrates Yalies have always been crazy". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Herald. http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/xxv/2.20.98/ae/book.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ University of Georgia: "The Rise of Intercollegiate Football and Its Portrayal in American Popular Literature.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ The text of Frank Merriwell at Yale is published online by Project Gutenberg, Gutenberg.org
Further reading[link]
- Bagg, Lyman H. Four Years at Yale, New Haven, 1891.
- Blum, John Morton. A life with history (2004) 283pp, memoir of history professor and advisor to the president
- Brown, Chandos Michael. Benjamin Silliman: A Life in the Young Republic. (1989). 377 pp.
- Buckley, William F., Jr. God and Man at Yale, 1951.
- Dana, Arnold G. Yale Old and New, 78 vols. personal scrapbook, 1942.
- Deming, Clarence. Yale Yesterdays, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1915.
- Dexter, Franklin Bowditch. Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Yale: Yale College with Annals of the College History, 6 vols. New York, 1885–1912.
- __________. (1901). Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate School of Connecticut, 1701–1745. New Haven: Yale University Press
- Fitzmier, John R. New England's Moral Legislator: Timothy Dwight, 1752–1817 (1998). 261 pp.
- French, Robert Dudley. The Memorial Quadrangle, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1929.
- Furniss, Edgar S. The Graduate School of Yale, New Haven, 1965.
- Gilpen, Toni, et al. On Strike For Respect, (updated edition: University of Illinois Press, 1995,)
- Holden, Reuben A. Yale: A Pictorial History, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967.
- Kabaservice, Geoffrey. The Guardians: Kingman Brewster, His Circle, and the Rise of the Liberal Establishment, (2004). 573 pp.
- Kalman, Laura. Legal Realism at Yale, 1927–1960 (1986). 314pp.
- Kelley, Brooks Mather. Yale: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 10-ISBN 0-300-07843-9: 13-ISBN 978-0-300-07843-5; OCLC 810552
- Kingsley, William L. Yale College. A Sketch of its History, 2 vols. New York, 1879.
- Mendenhall, Thomas C. The Harvard-Yale Boat Race, 1852–1924, and the Coming of Sport to the American College. (1993). 371 pp.
- Nelson, Cary. Will Teach for Food: Academic Labor in Crisis, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
- Nissenbaum, Stephen, ed. The Great Awakening at Yale College (1972). 263 pp.
- Oren, Dan A. Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1985.* Oviatt, Edwin. The Beginnings of Yale (1701–1726), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1916.
- Pierson, George Wilson. Yale College, An Educational History (1871–1921), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1952.
- __________, The Founding of Yale: The Legend of the Forty Folios, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1988.
- Pinnell, Patrick L. The Campus Guide: Yale University, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999.
- Stevenson, Louise L. Scholarly Means to Evangelical Ends: The New Haven Scholars and the Transformation of Higher Learning in America, 1830–1890 (1986). 221 pp.
- Scully, Vincent et al., eds. Yale in New Haven: Architecture and Urbanism. New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
- Stokes, Anson Phelps. Memorials of Eminent Yale Men, 2 vols. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1914.
- Synnott, Marcia Graham. The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900–1970 (1979). 310 pp.
- Tucker, Louis Leonard. Connecticut's Seminary of Sedition: Yale College. Chester, Conn.: Pequot, 1973. 78 pp.
- Warch, Richard. School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740. (1973). 339 pp.
- Welch, Lewis Sheldon, and Walter Camp. Yale, her campus, class-rooms, and athletics (1900). online
- Whitehead, John S. The Separation of College and State: Columbia, Dartmouth, Harvard, and Yale, 1776–1876 (1973). 262 pp.
- Wilson, Leonard G., ed. Benjamin Silliman and His Circle: Studies on the Influence of Benjamin Silliman on Science in America (1979). 228 pp.
- Yale, The University College (1921–1937), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1955.
Secret societies[link]
- Robbins, Alexandra, Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power, Little Brown & Co., 2002; ISBN 0-316-73561-2 (paper edition).
- Millegan, Kris (ed.), Fleshing Out Skull & Bones, TrineDay, 2003. ISBN 0-9752906-0-6 (paper edition).
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Yale University |
Media related to Yale University at Wikimedia Commons- Yale University from the Library of Congress at Flickr Commons
- Official website
- Campus map from Yale University website
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||
Coordinates: 41°18′40″N 72°55′36″W / 41.31111°N 72.92667°W / 41.31111; -72.92667
http://wn.com/Yale_University
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Università di Yale
http://cs.wn.com/Yaleova univerzita
http://id.wn.com/Universitas Yale
http://es.wn.com/Universidad de Yale
http://ru.wn.com/Йельский университет
http://nl.wn.com/Yale-universiteit
http://pl.wn.com/Yale University
http://fr.wn.com/Université Yale
http://de.wn.com/Yale University
http://hi.wn.com/येल विश्वविद्यालय
http://pt.wn.com/Universidade Yale
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Barbara Walters | |
|---|---|
 Barbara Walters in New York City, June 2011 |
|
| Born | Barbara Jill Walters (1929-09-25) September 25, 1929 (age 82) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Notable credit(s) | Co-anchor and contributor of ABC Evening News and ABC World News Today show anchor (1961–1976) Not For Women Only host (1971–1976) ABC Evening News anchor (1976–1978) 20/20 host (1984–2004) The View creator/co-host (1997–present) |
| Salary | $12 million (2007)[1] |
| Spouse | Robert Henry Katz (m.1955–1958; annulled) Lee Guber (m.1963–1976; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1981–1984; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1986–1992; divorced) |
| Children | 1 |
Barbara Jill Walters[2] (born September 25, 1929) is an American broadcast journalist, author, and television personality. She has hosted morning television shows (Today and The View), the television news magazine (20/20), former co-anchor of the ABC World News, and current contributor to ABC News.
Walters was first known as a popular TV morning news anchor for over 10 years on NBC's Today, where she worked with Hugh Downs and later hosts Frank McGee and Jim Hartz. Walters later spent 25 years as co-host of ABC's news magazine 20/20. She was the first female co-anchor of network evening news, working with Harry Reasoner on the ABC Evening News, and continuing as a contributor to the network news division and its flagship program, ABC World News.
In 1996, Walters was ranked #34 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Walters was born in 1929 in Boston, the daughter of Dena (née Seletsky) and Louis "Lou" Walters (born Louis Warmwater).[4] Her parents were both Jewish[5] and descendants of refugees from the former Russian Empire, now Eastern Europe.[6] Walters' paternal grandfather, Abraham Isaac, was from what is now Łódź, Poland, and first immigrated to England, changing his name first to Warmwater and later to Abraham Walters (the original family surname was Waremwasser).[6][7][8] Walters' father was born there c. 1894, and moved to the United States with his family in 1900.[9] In 1937, her father opened the New York version of the Latin Quarter; he also worked as a Broadway producer (he produced the Ziegfeld Follies of 1943).[10][11] He also was the Entertainment Director for the Tropicana Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he imported the "Folies Bergere" stage show from Paris to the resort's main showroom.[12] Walters' brother, Burton, died in 1932 of pneumonia.[13] Walters' elder sister, Jacqueline, was born mentally disabled[14] and died of ovarian cancer in 1985. She has another half sister, Walda Walters Anderson, born to a different mother.[citation needed]
According to Walters, being surrounded by celebrities when she was young kept her from being "in awe" of them.[14] When she was a young woman, Walters' father lost his nightclubs and the family's penthouse on Central Park West. As Walters recalled, "He had a breakdown. He went down to live in our house in Florida, and then the Government took the house, and they took the car, and they took the furniture." Of her mother, she said, "My mother should have married the way her friends did, to a man who was a doctor or who was in the dress business."[15]
After attending Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Birch Wathen Lenox School[16][17] private schools in New York City,[13] Walters graduated from Miami Beach High School in 1947. In 1951 she received a B.A. in English from Sarah Lawrence College.[18]
Career and accolades[link]
After a brief period as a publicist with Tex McCrary Inc. and a job as a writer at CBS News, Walters joined NBC's The Today Show as a writer and researcher in 1961.[14] She moved up to become that show's regular "Today Girl", handling lighter assignments and the weather. In her autobiography, she describes this era before the Women's Movement as a time when it was believed that nobody would take a woman seriously reporting "hard news". Previous "Today Girls" (whom Walters called "tea pourers") included Florence Henderson, Helen O'Connell, Estelle Parsons and Lee Meriwether.[19] Within a year she had become a reporter-at-large developing, writing, and editing her own reports and interviews.[14] When Frank McGee was named host, he refused to do joint interviews with Walters unless he was given the first four questions. She was not named co-host of the show until McGee's death in 1974, when NBC officially designated Walters as the program's first female co-host.
Walters has seldom minced words when describing the visible, on-the-air disdain her co-anchor, Harry Reasoner, displayed for her when she was teamed up with him on the ABC Evening News in 1976–78. Reasoner had a difficult relationship with Walters because he disliked having a co-anchor, even though he worked with former CBS colleague Howard K. Smith nightly on ABC for several years. In 1981, five years after the start of their short-lived ABC partnership and well after Reasoner returned to CBS News, Walters and her former co-anchor had a memorable (and cordial) 20/20 interview on the occasion of Reasoner's new book release.[citation needed]
Walters is also known for her years on the ABC newsmagazine 20/20 where she joined host Hugh Downs in 1979.[14] Throughout her career at ABC, Walters has appeared on ABC news specials as a commentator, including presidential inaugurations and the coverage of 9/11. She was also chosen to be the moderator for the third and final debate between candidates Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, held on the campus of the College of William and Mary at Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall in Williamsburg, Virginia, during the 1976 Presidential Election.[20] In 1984, she moderated a Presidential debate held at the Dana Center for the Humanities at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire.[21] Many of her regular and special programs are syndicated around the world. As of 2004, she is in semi-retirement as a broadcast journalist, but remains a correspondent for ABC News as well as a host of ABC's special programs.
Awards[link]
On June 14, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has won Daytime and Prime Time Emmy Awards, a Women in Film Lucy Award, and a GLAAD Excellence in Media award. Her impact on the popular culture is illustrated by Gilda Radner's "Baba Wawa" impersonation of her on Saturday Night Live,[14] featuring her idiosyncratic speech with its rounded "R". In 2008, she was honored with the Disney Legends award, an award given to those who made an outstanding contribution to The Walt Disney Company, which owns the network ABC. That same year, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York Women's Agenda. On September 21, 2009, Walters was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 30th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards at New York City's Lincoln Center.
Interviews[link]
On March 7, 2010, Barbara Walters announced she would no longer hold Oscar interviews, but will still be working with ABC and on her show, The View.[22]
In a November 2010 episode of The View, while interviewing Larry King on his retirement from CNN, Walters alluded to her impending retirement, stating, "I know when my time's coming."
Walters is known for "personality journalism" and her "scoop" interviews.[14] In November 1977, she achieved a joint interview with Egypt's President, Anwar Al Sadat, and Israel's Prime Minister, Menachem Begin. Her interviews with world leaders from all walks of life are a chronicle of the latter part of the 20th century.[14] They include the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his wife the Empress Farah Pahlavi; Russia's Boris Yeltsin; China's Jiang Zemin; the UK's Margaret Thatcher; Cuba's Fidel Castro, as well as India's Indira Gandhi, Václav Havel, Muammar al-Gaddafi, King Hussein of Jordan, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Bashar al-Assad president of Syria among many others. Other interviews with influential people include pop icon Michael Jackson, Katharine Hepburn, Anna Wintour, and in 1980 Laurence Olivier. Walters considered Dr. Robert Smithdas, a deaf-blind man who spent his life improving the life of other individuals who are deaf-blind, as her most inspirational interview.
Walters was widely lampooned in 1981 (and often since) for having posed the question, during an interview with actress Katharine Hepburn: "If you were a tree, what kind would you be?" But as she has often pointed out (and the video clips confirm) Hepburn initiated the discussion by saying that she would like to be a tree, and Walters merely followed up with the question, "What kind of a tree?"[14][23]
During a story about Cuban leader Fidel Castro, Walters claimed that "for Castro, freedom begins with education." Some critics[who?] point to her characterization of Castro as freedom-loving and argue that it painted an inaccurate picture of his government.[citation needed]
On March 3, 1999, her interview of Monica Lewinsky was seen by a record 74 million viewers, the highest rating ever for a journalist's interview. Walters asked Lewinsky, "What will you tell your children about this matter?" and Lewinsky replied, "I guess Mommy made some mistakes," at which point Walters brought the program to a dramatic conclusion, turning to the viewers, saying, "And that is the understatement of the year."
[edit] The View
Main article: The View (U.S. TV series)
Walters is a part-time host of the daytime talk show The View, of which she is also co-creator and co-executive producer with her business partner Bill Geddie.[14] Walters described the show in its original opening credits as a forum for women of "different generations, backgrounds, and views." She added, "Be careful what you wish for..." The show's current co-hosts are Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd. Previous co-hosts include Meredith Vieira, Lisa Ling, Rosie O'Donnell, Star Jones, and Debbie Matenopoulos.
In 2007 Barbara defended co-host O'Donnell about remarks the latter made against Donald Trump and the winner of the Miss USA pageant. Trump firmly responded by saying, "Barbara is off the list..."[24]
Personal life[link]
Walters has been married four times to three different men. "I'm convinced that you stay married when the sex is bad, only because you really want to be," she told The New York Times in 1996. "But I always had an out. I had this job, and this life and enough money. I didn't have to fight the bad days."[15] Her husbands were:
- Robert Henry Katz, a business executive and former Navy lieutenant. They married on June 20, 1955, at The Plaza Hotel in New York City. The marriage was reportedly annulled in 1958.[2][25]
- Lee Guber, theatrical producer and theater owner. They married on December 8, 1963, and divorced in 1976. They have one daughter, Jacqueline Dena Guber (born 1968, adopted the same year).
- Merv Adelson, the CEO of Lorimar Television. They married in 1981 and divorced in 1984 and were married again on May 10, 1986, and divorced in 1992.
She dated gay lawyer[26][27] Roy Cohn in college, and the lawyer said that he proposed marriage to Walters the night before her wedding to Lee Guber, but Walters denied this.[13] She explained her lifelong devotion to Cohn as gratitude for his help in her adoption of her daughter, Jacqueline.[28] In her autobiography, Walters says that Cohn got her father's warrant for "failure to appear" dismissed.[29]
Walters dated future U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in the 1970s,[30] and was linked romantically to United States Senator John Warner in the 1990s.[31]
In Walters's autobiography, Audition, she claimed that she had an affair in the 1970s with Edward Brooke, then a married United States Senator from Massachusetts. It is not clear whether Walters also was married at the time. Walters said that the affair ended to protect their careers from scandal.[32]
She announced on the May 10, 2010 episode of The View, that she would be undergoing open heart surgery to replace a faulty aortic valve. Walters added that she knew for quite a while that she was suffering from aortic valve stenosis, even though she was symptom-free. The procedure to fix the faulty heart valve "went well, and the doctors are very pleased with the outcome," Walters' spokeswoman, Cindi Berger, said in a statement on May 14, 2010.[33]
On July 9, 2010, it was announced that Walters would return to The View and her Sirius XM satellite show Here's Barbara in September 2010.[34][35]
Walters has been close friends with Fox News head Roger Ailes since the late 1960s.[36]
Books[link]
In the late 1960s, Walters wrote a magazine article, How to Talk to Practically Anyone About Practically Anything, which drew upon the kinds of things people said to her, which were often mistakes.[37] Shortly after the article appeared, she received a letter from Doubleday expressing interest in expanding it into a book. Walters felt that it would help "tongue-tied, socially awkward people — the many people who worry that they can't think of the right thing to say to start a conversation."[37] She published the book in 1970, with the assistance of ghostwriter June Callwood.[38] To Walters' great surprise, the book was a phenomenon. As of 2008, it had gone through eight printings, sold hundreds of thousands of copies worldwide, and had been translated into at least 6 different languages.[37]
In 2008, she published her autobiography, Audition: A Memoir.
Awards and nominations[link]
- 1975 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (Today)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2003 Award for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2003 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (The View) (with Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Best Talk Series (The View)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Series
Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Award
- 1998 Lucy Award in recognition of her excellence and innovation in her creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television.[39]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Barbara Walters". Forbes.com. 2007. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/53/07celebrities_Barbara-Walters_O4HQ.html. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ a b "Miss Walters engaged". The New York Times: p. 96. 1955-05-01.
- ^ "Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time". TV Guide (December 14–20). 1996.
- ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, April 1, 2012
- ^ Quinn, Sally (2006-12-22). "Television Personality Looks Anew At Religion". Washington Post/Newsweek. http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices/2006/12/television_personality_looks_a.html. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
- ^ a b Walters, Barbara (2008). Audition: A Memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-307-26646-0.
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2012/03/23/149222907/helping-celebrities-find-their-roots
- ^ http://sfluxe.com/2012/03/21/owen-tv-celebrities-trace-their-genealogy-on-finding-your-roots/
- ^ Ancestry of Barbara Walters. Genealogy.com (2002-03-22). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ "Lou Walters, Nightclub Impresario and Founder of Latin Quarter, Dies". The New York Times. 1977-08-16. p. 36.
- ^ Lou Walters at Internet Broadway Database
- ^ Tropicana – Las Vegas Strip. A2zlasvegas.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ a b c James Conaway, "How to talk with Barbara Walters about practically anything," The New York Times, 10 September 1972, page SM40, 43–44
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stated in interview at Inside the Actors Studio
- ^ a b Elisabeth Bumiller, "So Famous, Such Clout, She Could Interview Herself", The New York Times, April 21, 1996, page H1
- ^ Can Barbara Walters's Career Survive Rosie and Donald's War?- New York Magazine. Nymag.com (2007-03-05). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen (1990-03-25). "And Now Back To You, Barbara". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D71531F936A15750C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "WALTERS, BARBARA: U.S. Broadcast Journalist". museum.tv. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/W/htmlW/waltersbarb/waltersbarb.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Audition, pp. 107–114
- ^ CNN: 1976 Presidential Debates. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Allen, Nick (2010-03-07). "Barbara Walters to host last Oscars special amid 'overexposure' of stars". Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Limited 2010). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/7393741/Barbara-Walters-to-host-last-Oscars-special-amid-overexposure-of-stars.html. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
- ^ Kate the Great, The Katharine Hepburn Forum – The Barbara Walters Interview Retrieved 2008-05-10[unreliable source?]
- ^ "Trump Says Barbara's Off "The List"". CBS News. 2007-03-27.
- ^ "Katz—Walters", The New York Times, June 21, 1955, page 36
- ^ Miller, Neil (2005). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. Advocate Books. pp. Ch. 18. ISBN 1-55583-870-7. http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English%20256/Miller.htm.
- ^ Wolfe, Tom (April 3, 1988). "Dangerous Obsessions". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6D9163BF930A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&pagewanted=print.
- ^ Jerry Oppenheimer (1990), Barbara Walters: An Unauthorized Biography, St. Martin's Press
- ^ Wiegand, David (2008-05-05). "Barbara Walters gets personal. This time, she's candid about her own life.". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/05/DDTU10H1P9.DTL.
- ^ Terry Keenan (2007-09-23). "LISTEN TO SHILLER, NOT THE TV SHILLS". The New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/09232007/business/listen_to_shiller__not_the_tv_.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters". NNDb. 2007. http://www.nndb.com/people/440/000023371. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters: I had affair with U.S. senator", Associated Press, May 1, 2008
- ^ Associated Press (14 May 2010). "Barbara Walters' heart valve surgery 'went well'". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2010/05/14/barbara_walters_heart_valve_surgery_went_well/. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Making Moves: Thursday, July 8, 2010". Radio-Info.com. July 8, 2010. http://www.radio-info.com/news/making-moves-thursday-july-8-2010.
- ^ "Barbara Walters Returns to Media Hosting Her Weekly SIRIUS XM Radio Show on July 12". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Barbara-Walters-Returns-to-prnews-1477182584.html?x=0&.v=1.
- ^ Fehrman, Craig (2011-01-21) When Roger Ailes was honest about what he does, Salon.com
- ^ a b c Audition: A Memoir, pp. 186–9
- ^ June Callwood interview by Patrick Watson, September 21, 1979 Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- ^ Past Recipients. Wif.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
External links[link]
| Find more about Barbara Walters on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Barbara Walters at the Internet Movie Database
- ABC News' "Time Tunnel" page containing clips of numerous newscasts on which Walters appeared
- Excerpts from 2008 autobiography, Audition: A Memoir
- Barbara Walters Archive of American Television Interview
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Maureen O'Sullivan |
Today Girl 1964 |
Succeeded by Position abolished Female co-host precedent set by Barbara Walters |
| Preceded by John Chancellor |
Today Show Host June 13, 1966 – June 4, 1976 Hugh Downs and herself 1966–1971 Frank McGee and herself 1971–1974 Jim Hartz and herself 1974–1976 |
Succeeded by Tom Brokaw and Jane Pauley |
| Preceded by Harry Reasoner |
ABC Evening News Anchor Co-anchor with Harry Reasoner 1976–1978 |
Succeeded by Frank Reynolds, Max Robinson, and Peter Jennings |
| Preceded by Hugh Downs As sole host |
20/20 Host 1979–2004 Hugh Downs and herself 1979–1999 Solo 1999–2002 John Miller and herself 1/2002–1/2003 John Stossel and herself 2002–2004 |
Succeeded by Elizabeth Vargas and John Stossel |
| Preceded by None |
The View co-host 1997–present |
Incumbent |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Walters, Barbara Jill |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Journalist, television news anchor and talk show host |
| Date of birth | 1929-09-25 |
| Place of birth | Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Barbara_Walters
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Уолтерс, Барбара
http://fr.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://nl.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://pt.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://de.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://it.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://pl.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://id.wn.com/Barbara Walters
http://es.wn.com/Barbara Walters
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Walters
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| The Right Honourable Tony Blair |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Blair at the World Economic Forum (2009) | |
| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
| In office 2 May 1997 – 27 June 2007 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Deputy | John Prescott |
| Preceded by | John Major |
| Succeeded by | Gordon Brown |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 21 July 1994 – 2 May 1997 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Prime Minister | John Major |
| Preceded by | Margaret Beckett |
| Succeeded by | John Major |
| Leader of the Labour Party | |
| In office 21 July 1994 – 24 June 2007 |
|
| Deputy | John Prescott |
| Preceded by | Margaret Beckett |
| Succeeded by | Gordon Brown |
| Shadow Home Secretary | |
| In office 24 July 1992 – 24 October 1994 |
|
| Leader | John Smith |
| Preceded by | Roy Hattersley |
| Succeeded by | Jack Straw |
| Shadow Secretary of State for Employment | |
| In office 2 November 1989 – 24 July 1992 |
|
| Leader | Neil Kinnock |
| Preceded by | Michael Meacher |
| Succeeded by | Frank Dobson |
| Shadow Secretary of State for Energy | |
| In office 7 June 1988 – 2 November 1989 |
|
| Leader | Neil Kinnock |
| Preceded by | John Prescott |
| Succeeded by | Frank Dobson |
| Member of Parliament for Sedgefield |
|
| In office 9 June 1983 – 27 June 2007 |
|
| Preceded by | Constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Phil Wilson |
| Majority | 18,449 (44.5%) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (1953-05-06) 6 May 1953 (age 59) Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse(s) | Cherie Booth (1980–present) |
| Children | Euan Nicky Kathryn Leo |
| Alma mater | St John's College, Oxford Inns of Court School of Law |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Signature |  |
| Website | Tony Blair Office |
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953)[1] is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He resigned from all of these positions in June 2007.
Blair was elected Leader of the Labour Party in the leadership election of July 1994, following the sudden death of his predecessor, John Smith. Under his leadership, the party used the phrases "New Labour" and "New Socialism" to define its policy, and moved away from its support of state socialism since the 1960s and created a new version of the ethical socialism that was last pursued by Clement Attlee.[2] Critics of Blair claim that "New Labour" did not adhere to socialism as claimed, and that it effectively advocated capitalism.[3] Blair subsequently led Labour to a landslide victory in the 1997 general election. At 43 years old, he became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812. In the first years of the New Labour government, Blair's government implemented a number of 1997 manifesto pledges, introducing the minimum wage, Human Rights Act and Freedom of Information Act, and carrying out devolution, establishing the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Blair's role as Prime Minister was particularly visible in foreign and security policy, including in Northern Ireland, where he was involved in the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. From the start of the War on Terror in 2001, Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of US President George W. Bush, notably by participating in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. Blair is the Labour Party's longest-serving Prime Minister, the only person to have led the Labour Party to three consecutive general election victories, and the only Labour Prime Minister to serve consecutive terms more than one of which was at least four years long.
He was succeeded as Leader of the Labour Party on 24 June 2007 and as Prime Minister on 27 June 2007 by Gordon Brown.[4] On the day he resigned as Prime Minister, he was appointed the official Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East. In May 2008, Blair launched his Tony Blair Faith Foundation.[5] This was followed in July 2009 by the launching of the Faith and Globalisation Initiative with Yale University in the US, Durham University in the UK and the National University of Singapore in Asia to deliver a postgraduate programme in partnership with the Foundation.[6][7]
Contents
|
Background and family life[link]
Blair was born in Edinburgh, Scotland[8] on 6 May 1953,[1] the second son of Leo and Hazel Blair (née Corscadden). Leo Blair, the illegitimate[9] son of two English actors, had been adopted as a baby by Glasgow shipyard worker James Blair and his wife, Mary. Hazel Corscadden was the daughter of George Corscadden, a butcher and Orangeman who moved to Glasgow in 1916 but returned to (and later died in) Ballyshannon in 1923, where his wife, Sarah Margaret (née Lipsett), gave birth to Blair's mother, Hazel, above her family's grocery shop.[10][11] George Corscadden was from a family of Protestant farmers in County Donegal, Ireland,[12] who descended from Ulster-Scots settlers who took their family name from Garscadden,[citation needed] now part of Glasgow.
Life as a child[link]
Blair has one elder brother, Sir William Blair, a High Court judge, and a younger sister, Sarah. Blair spent the first 19 months of his life at the family home in Paisley Terrace in the Willowbrae area of Edinburgh. During this period, his father worked as a junior tax inspector whilst also studying for a law degree from the University of Edinburgh.[8] In the 1950s, his family spent three and a half years in Adelaide, Australia, where his father was a lecturer in law at the University of Adelaide.[13] The Blairs lived close to the university, in the suburb of Dulwich. The family returned to the UK in the late 1950s, living for a time with Hazel Blair's stepfather, William McClay, and her mother at their home in Stepps, near Glasgow. He spent the remainder of his childhood in Durham, England, where his father lectured at Durham University.[citation needed]
Education[link]
After attending The Chorister School in Durham from 1961 to 1966,[14] Blair boarded at Fettes College, a prestigious independent school in Edinburgh, during which time he met Charlie Falconer (a pupil at the rival Edinburgh Academy), whom he later appointed Lord Chancellor. He reportedly modelled himself on Mick Jagger.[15] His teachers were unimpressed with him, his biographer John Rentoul, reported that "All the teachers I spoke to when researching the book said he was a complete pain in the backside and they were very glad to see the back of him."[16] Blair was arrested at Fettes, having been mistaken for a burglar as he climbed into his dormitory using a ladder after having been out late.[17]
After Fettes, Blair spent a year in London, where he attempted to find fame as a rock music promoter before reading jurisprudence at St John's College, Oxford.[18] As a student, he played guitar and sang in a rock band called Ugly Rumours. During this time, he dated future American Psycho director Mary Harron.[19]
He was influenced by fellow student and Anglican priest Peter Thomson, who awakened within Blair a deep concern for religious faith and left-wing politics. While Blair was at Oxford, his mother Hazel died of cancer, which greatly affected him. After graduating from Oxford in 1975 with a Second Class Honours BA in Jurisprudence, Blair became a member of Lincoln's Inn, enrolled as a pupil barrister, and met his future wife, Cherie Booth (daughter of the actor Tony Booth) at the law chambers founded by Derry Irvine (who was to be Blair's first Lord Chancellor), 11 King's Bench Walk Chambers. He appears in a number of reported cases, for example as in Nethermere (St Neots) Ltd v Gardiner[20] where he represented employers unsuccessfully in an attempt to deny female factory workers holiday pay.
Marriage and children[link]
Blair married Cherie Booth, a Roman Catholic and future Queen's Counsel, on 29 March 1980.[21] They have four children: Euan, Nicholas, Kathryn, and Leo.[22][23] Leo, delivered by the Royal Surgeon/Gynaecologist Marcus Setchell, was the first legitimate child born to a serving Prime Minister in over 150 years—since Francis Russell was born to Lord John Russell on 11 July 1849.[24] Blair was criticised when it was discovered that one child had received private tuition from staff at Westminster School.[25] All four children have Irish passports, by virtue of Blair's mother Hazel.[26] The family's primary residence is in Connaught Square, and the Blairs own eight other residences.[27]
Personal health[link]
Blair suffered from chest pains on Sunday 19 October 2003 and underwent a cardioversion at Hammersmith Hospital.[28]
Religious faith[link]
In an interview with Michael Parkinson broadcast on ITV1 on 4 March 2006, Blair referred to the role of his Christian faith in his decision to go to war in Iraq, stating that he had prayed about the issue, and saying that God would judge him for his decision: "I think if you have faith about these things, you realise that judgement is made by other people ... and if you believe in God, it's made by God as well."[29]
A longer exploration of his faith can be found in an interview with Third Way Magazine. There he says that "I was brought up as [a Christian], but I was not in any real sense a practising one until I went to Oxford. There was an Australian priest at the same college as me who got me interested again. In a sense, it was a rediscovery of religion as something living, that was about the world around me rather than some sort of special one-to-one relationship with a remote Being on high. Suddenly I began to see its social relevance. I began to make sense of the world".[30]
At one point Alastair Campbell, Blair's director of strategy and communications, intervened in an interview, preventing the Prime Minister from answering a question about his Christianity, explaining, "We don't do God".[31]
Cherie Blair's friend and "spiritual guru" Carole Caplin is credited with introducing her and her husband to various New Age symbols and beliefs, including "magic pendants" known as "BioElectric Shields".[32] The most controversial of the Blairs' New Age practices occurred when on holiday in Mexico. The couple, wearing only bathing costumes, took part in a rebirthing procedure, which involved smearing mud and fruit over each others' bodies while sitting in a steam bath.[33]
Later on, Blair questioned the Pope's attitude towards homosexuality, arguing that religious leaders must start "rethinking" the issue.[34] He was later rebuked by Vincent Nichols, the new archbishop of Westminster, who said that Catholic thinking was 'rather different' from the kind promoted by the former prime minister.[35]
On 22 December 2007, it was disclosed that Blair, who in 1996, had been reprimanded by Cardinal Basil Hume for receiving Holy Communion at Mass despite not being a Catholic, in contravention of canon law,[36] had converted to the Catholic faith, and that it was "a private matter".[37][38] He had informed Pope Benedict XVI on 23 June 2007 that he wanted to become a Catholic. The Pope and his advisors criticised some of Blair's political actions, but followed up with a reportedly unprecedented red-carpet welcome, which included Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, who would be responsible for Blair's Catholic instruction.[39]
On 14 January 2009, Blair, upon a visit to the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., described, in the guest book, his home as being 'Jerusalem'.[40] This was followed shortly after, on the occasion of his addressing of the National Prayer Breakfast, by his discussion of the issue of religion in the world and the Middle East peace process in his address and how he spends so much of his time in the Holy Land and in the Holy City. He reported his Palestinian guide as bemoaning the fate of his nation looking to heaven and saying “Moses, Jesus, Mohammed: why did they all have to come here?" For Blair the Holy City is "a good place to reflect on religion: a source of so much inspiration; an excuse for so much evil."[41]
According to Alastair Campbell's diary, Blair often read the Bible before taking any important decisions. He states that Blair had a "wobble" and considered changing his mind on the eve of the bombing of Iraq in 1998.[42]
Early political career[link]
Blair joined the Labour Party shortly after graduating from Oxford in 1975. During the early 1980s, he was involved in Labour politics in Hackney South and Shoreditch, where he aligned himself with the "soft left" of the party. In 1982 Blair was selected as the Labour candidate in the safe Conservative seat of Beaconsfield, where there was a forthcoming by-election. Although Blair lost the Beaconsfield by-election (the only election he lost in his 25-year political career) and he lost 10% of the vote, he acquired a profile within the party. In contrast to his later centrism, Blair made it clear in a letter he wrote to Labour leader Michael Foot in July 1982, that he had "come to Socialism through Marxism" and considered himself on the left. The letter was eventually published in June 2006.[43]
In 1983, Blair found the newly created constituency of Sedgefield, a notionally safe Labour seat near where he had grown up in Durham. The branch had not made a nomination, and Blair visited them. Several sitting MPs displaced by boundary changes were interested in securing selection to fight the seat. With the crucial support of John Burton, Blair won their endorsement; at the last minute, he was added to the short list and won the selection over Les Huckfield. Burton later became Blair's agent and one of his most trusted and longest-standing allies.
Blair's election literature in the 1983 UK general election endorsed left-wing policies that Labour advocated in the early 1980s. He called for Britain to leave the EEC, though he had told his selection conference that he personally favoured continuing membership. He also supported unilateral nuclear disarmament as a member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Blair was helped on the campaign trail by soap opera actress Pat Phoenix, his father-in-law's girlfriend. Blair was elected as MP for Sedgefield despite the party's landslide defeat in the general election.
In his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 6 July 1983, Blair stated, "I am a socialist not through reading a textbook that has caught my intellectual fancy, nor through unthinking tradition, but because I believe that, at its best, socialism corresponds most closely to an existence that is both rational and moral. It stands for cooperation, not confrontation; for fellowship, not fear. It stands for equality."[44][45] The Labour Party is declared in its constitution to be a democratic socialist party[46] rather than a social democratic party; Blair himself organised this declaration of Labour to be a socialist party when he dealt with the change to the party's Clause IV in their constitution.
Once elected, Blair's political ascent was rapid. He received his first front-bench appointment in 1984 as assistant Treasury spokesman. In May 1985, he appeared on BBC's Question Time, arguing that the Conservative Government's Public Order White Paper was a threat to civil liberties.[47] Blair demanded an inquiry into the Bank of England's decision to rescue the collapsed Johnson Matthey Bank in October 1985 and embarrassed the government by finding a EEC report critical of British economic policy that had been countersigned by a member of the Conservative government.[citation needed] By this time, Blair was aligned with the reforming tendencies in the party (headed by leader Neil Kinnock) and was promoted after the 1987 election to the shadow Trade and Industry team as spokesman on the City of London. In 1987, he stood for election to the Shadow Cabinet, receiving 71 votes.[48]
Blair became Shadow Home Secretary under John Smith. John Smith died suddenly in 1994 of a heart attack. Blair beat John Prescott and Margaret Beckett in the subsequent leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition. As is customary for the holder of that office, Blair was appointed a Privy Councillor.
Leader of the Labour Party[link]
Blair announced at the end of his speech at the 1994 Labour Party conference that he intended to replace Clause IV of the party's constitution with a new statement of aims and values. This involved the deletion of the party's stated commitment to "the common ownership of the means of production and exchange", which was widely interpreted as referring to wholesale nationalisation.[49] At a special conference in April 1995, the clause was replaced by a statement that the party is 'democratic socialist'.[49]
He inherited the Labour leadership at a time when the party was ascendant over the Tories in the opinion polls since the Tory government's reputation for monetary excellence was left in tatters by the Black Wednesday economic disaster of September 1992. Blair's election as leader saw Labour support surge higher still[50] in spite of the continuing economic recovery and fall in unemployment that the Conservative government (led by John Major) had overseen since the end of the 1990–92 recession.[51]
At the 1996 Labour Party conference, Blair stated that his three top priorities on coming to office were "education, education, and education".[52]
Aided by the unpopularity of John Major's Conservative government (itself deeply divided over the European Union), "New Labour" won a landslide victory in the 1997 general election, ending 18 years of Conservative Party government, with the heaviest Conservative defeat since 1832.[53]
During Smith's leadership of the Labour Party, there were discussions with Paddy Ashdown, the leader of the Liberal Democrats, about forming a coalition government if the next general election resulted in a hung parliament. After Blair became leader, these talks continued – despite virtually every opinion poll since late 1992 having shown Labour with enough support to form a majority. However, the scale of the Labour victory meant that there was ultimately never any need for a coalition.[54]
Prime Minister[link]
Main article: Premiership of Tony Blair
Blair became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 2 May 1997, serving concurrently as First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Labour Party. The 43-year old Blair became the youngest person to become Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812, at the age of 42.[55] With victories in 1997, 2001, and 2005, Blair was the Labour Party's longest-serving prime minister, the only person to lead the party to three consecutive general election victories.
Northern Ireland[link]
His contribution towards assisting the Northern Ireland Peace Process by helping to negotiate the Good Friday Agreement (after 30 years of conflict) was widely recognised.[56][57] Following the Omagh Bombing on 15 August 1998, by members of the Real IRA opposed to the peace process, which killed 29 people and wounded hundreds, Blair visited the County Tyrone town and met with victims at Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.[58]
Military intervention and the War on Terror[link]
In his first six years in office Blair ordered British troops into battle five times, more than any other prime minister in British history. This included Iraq in both 1998 and 2003; Kosovo (1999); Sierra Leone (2000) and Afghanistan (2001).[59]
The Kosovo War, which Blair had advocated on moral grounds, was initially a failure when it relied soly on air strikes; the threat of a ground offensive would convince Serbia's Slobodan Milošević to withdraw. Blair had been a major advocate for a ground offensive, which Bill Clinton was reluctant to do, and would order that 50,000 soldiers - most of the available British Army - should be made ready for action.[60] The following year, the limited Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone would swiftly swing the tide against the rebel forces; before deployment, the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone had been on the verge of collapse.[61] Palliser had been intended as an evacuation mission but Brigadier David Richards (now General Sir) was able to convince Blair to allow him to expand the role; at the time, Richards' action was not known and Blair was assumed to be behind it.[62] Blair also ordered Operation Barras, a highly successful SAS/Parachute Regiment strike to rescue hostages from a Sierra Leone rebel group.[63] Historian Andrew Marr has argued that the success of ground attacks, real and threatened, over air strikes alone would be influential on how Blair planned the Iraq War, and that the success of the first three wars Blair fought "played to his sense of himself as a moral war leader".[64] When asked in 2010 if the success of Palliser may have "embolden[ed] British politicians" to think of military action as a policy option, General Sir David Richards would admit there "might be something in that".[62]
From the start of the War on Terror in 2001, Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of George W. Bush, participating in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. The invasion of Iraq was particularly controversial, as it attracted widespread public opposition and 139 of Blair's MPs opposed it.[65] As a result, he faced criticism over the policy itself and the circumstances in which it was decided upon. Alastair Campbell described Blair's statement that the intelligence on WMDs was "beyond doubt" as his "assessment of the assessment that was given to him."[66] In 2009, Blair stated that he would have supported removing Saddam Hussein from power even in the face of proof that he had no such weapons.[67] Playwright Harold Pinter and former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad accused Blair of war crimes.[68][69] Testifying before the Iraq Inquiry on 29 January 2010, Blair said Saddam was a "monster and I believe he threatened not just the region but the world."[70] Blair said that British and American attitude towards Saddam Hussein had "changed dramatically" after 11 September attacks. Blair denied that he would have supported the invasion of Iraq even if he had thought Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction. He said he believed the world was safer as a result of the invasion.[71] He also said that there was "no real difference between wanting regime change and wanting Iraq to disarm: regime change was US policy because Iraq was in breach of its UN obligations."[72]
Relationship with Parliament[link]
One of his first acts as Prime Minister was to replace the then twice-weekly 15-minute sessions of Prime Minister's Questions held on Tuesdays and Thursdays with a single 30-minute session on Wednesdays. In addition to PMQs, Blair held monthly press conferences at which he fielded questions from journalists[73][74] and – from 2002 – broke precedent by agreeing to give evidence twice yearly before the most senior Commons select committee, The Liaison Committee.[75] Blair was sometimes perceived as paying insufficient attention both to the views of his own Cabinet colleagues and to those of the House of Commons.[76] His style was sometimes criticised as not that of a prime minister and head of government, which he was, but of a president and head of state—which he was not.[77] Blair was accused of excessive reliance on spin.[78] He is the first British Prime Minister to have been formally questioned by police, though not under caution, while still in office.[79]
Events prior to resignation[link]
As the casualties of the Iraq War mounted, Blair was accused of misleading Parliament,[80][81] and his popularity dropped dramatically.[82][83] The Labour party's overall majority in the 2005 general election was reduced to 66. As a combined result of the Blair-Brown pact, Iraq war and low approval ratings, pressure built up within the Labour party for Blair to resign.[84][85] On 7 September 2006, Blair publicly stated he would step down as party leader by the time of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) conference held 10–13 September 2007,[86] having promised to serve a full term during the previous general election campaign. On 10 May 2007, during a speech at the Trimdon Labour Club, Blair announced his intention to resign as both Labour Party leader and Prime Minister. At a special party conference in Manchester on 24 June 2007, he formally handed over the leadership of the Labour Party to Gordon Brown, who had been Chancellor of the Exchequer.[4] Blair tendered his resignation on 27 June 2007 and his successor, Gordon Brown assumed office the same afternoon. He also resigned his seat in the House of Commons in the traditional form of accepting the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds to which he was appointed by Gordon Brown in one of the latter's last acts as Chancellor of the Exchequer.[87] The resulting Sedgefield by-election was won by Labour's candidate, Phil Wilson. Blair decided not to issue a list of Resignation Honours, making him the first Prime Minister of the modern era not to do so.[88]
Policies[link]
In 2001, Blair said, "We are a left of centre party, pursuing economic prosperity and social justice as partners and not as opposites".[89] Blair has rarely applied such labels to himself, but he promised before the 1997 election that New Labour would govern "from the radical centre", and according to one lifelong Labour Party member, has always described himself as a social democrat.[90] However, Labour Party backbenchers and other left wing critics typically place Blair to the right of centre.[91] A YouGov opinion poll in 2005 also found that a small majority of British voters, including many New Labour supporters, place Blair on the right of the political spectrum.[92][93] The Financial Times on the other hand has argued that Blair is not conservative, but instead a populist.[94] The new Clause IV of the Labour Party's constitution defines the party as "Democratic Socialist".
Critics and admirers tend to agree that Blair's electoral success was based on his ability to occupy the centre ground and appeal to voters across the political spectrum, to the extent that he has been fundamentally at odds with traditional Labour Party values.[95] Some left wing critics have argued that Blair has overseen the final stage of a long term shift of the Labour Party to the right, and that very little now remains of a Labour Left.[96][97] There is also evidence that Blair's long term dominance of the centre has forced his Conservative opponents to shift a long distance to the left, in order to challenge his hegemony there.[98][99]
Blair has raised taxes (but did not increase income tax for high-earners[citation needed]); introduced a minimum wage and some new employment rights (while keeping Margaret Thatcher's anti-trade union legislation[citation needed]); introduced significant constitutional reforms; promoted new rights for gay people in the Civil Partnership Act 2004; and signed treaties integrating Britain more closely with the EU. He introduced substantial market-based reforms in the education and health sectors; introduced student tuition fees; sought to reduce certain categories of welfare payments, and introduced tough anti-terrorism and identity card legislation.[citation needed] Under Blair's government the amount of new legislation increased[100] which attracted criticism.[101] Blair increased police powers by adding to the number of arrestable offences, compulsory DNA recording and the use of dispersal orders.[102]
Environmental record[link]
Blair has criticised other governments for not doing enough to solve global climate change. In a 1997 visit to the United States, he made a comment on "great industrialised nations" that fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Again in 2003, Blair went before the United States Congress and said that climate change "cannot be ignored", insisting "we need to go beyond even Kyoto."[103] His record at home tends to say something different. Blair and his party have promised a 20% reduction in carbon dioxide[104] but during his term the emissions rose. The Labour Party also claimed that by 2010 10% of the energy would come from renewable resources but in fact only 3% currently does.[105]
In 2000 Blair "flagged up" 100 million euros for green policies and urged environmentalists and businesses to work together.[106]
Foreign policy[link]
Relationship with the United States[link]
.jpg)
Along with enjoying a close relationship with Bill Clinton, Blair formed a strong political alliance with George W. Bush, particularly in the area of foreign policy. At one point, Nelson Mandela described Blair as "the U.S. foreign minister".[107] Blair has also often openly been referred to as "Bush's poodle".[108] Kendall Myers, a senior analyst at the State Department, reportedly said that he felt "a little ashamed" of Bush's treatment of the Prime Minister and that his attempts to influence US policy were typically ignored: "It was a done deal from the beginning, it was a one-sided relationship that was entered into with open eyes... There was nothing, no payback, no sense of reciprocity".[109]
For his part, Bush lauded Blair and the UK. In his post-11 September speech, for example, he stated that "America has no truer friend than Great Britain".[110]
The alliance between Bush and Blair seriously damaged Blair's standing in the eyes of many British people.[111] Blair argued it is in Britain's interest to "protect and strengthen the bond" with the United States regardless of who is in the White House.[112] However, a perception of one-sided compromising personal and political closeness led to serious discussion of the term "Poodle-ism" in the UK media, to describe the "Special Relationship" of the UK government and Prime Minister with the US White House and President.[113] A revealing conversation between Bush and Blair, with the former addressing the latter as "Yo [or Yeah], Blair" was recorded when they did not know a microphone was live at the G8 conference in Russia in 2006.[114]
Middle East policy and links with Israel[link]
According to comments in the book, Blair, written by Anthony Seldon, Blair had a deep feeling for Israel, born in part from his faith.[115] Blair has been a long time member of the pro-Israel lobby group Labour Friends of Israel.[116]
In 1994, Blair met Michael Levy, later Lord Levy, a pop music mogul and fundraiser.[117] Blair and Levy became close friends and tennis partners.
During his first visit to Israel, Blair thought the Israelis bugged him in his car. He also went on to claim that the Israeli prime minister was merely an "armour-plated bullshitter".[118]
Levy ran the Labour Leader's Office Fund to finance Blair's campaign before the 1997 General Election and raised £12m towards Labour’s landslide victory, Levy was rewarded with a peerage, and in 2002, Blair appointed Levy as his personal envoy to the Middle East. Levy praised Blair for his 'solid and committed support of the State of Israel'.[119][120] Tam Dalyell, while Father of the House of Commons, suggested in 2003 that Blair's foreign policy decisions were unduly influenced by a cabal of Jewish advisers, including Levy and Peter Mandelson.[121]
Blair, on coming to office, had been 'cool towards the right-wing Netanyahu government'.[122] After the election in 1999 of Ehud Barak, with whom Blair forged a close relationship, he became much more sympathetic to Israel.[122] From 2001 Blair also built up a relationship with Barak's successor, Ariel Sharon, and responded positively to Arafat, whom he had met thirteen times since becoming prime minister and regarded as essential to future negotiations.[122] In 2004, 50 former diplomats, including ambassadors to Baghdad and Tel Aviv, stated they had 'watched with deepening concern' at Britain following the US into war in Iraq in 2003. They criticised Blair's support for the Road map for peace which included the retaining of Israeli settlements on the West Bank.[123]
In 2006 Blair was criticised for his failure to immediately call for a ceasefire in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. The Observer newspaper claimed that at a cabinet meeting before Blair left for a summit with Bush on 28 July 2006, a significant number of ministers pressured Blair to publicly criticise Israel over the scale of deaths and destruction in Lebanon.[124] Blair was criticised for his solid stance alongside US President George W. Bush on Middle East policy.[125]
In March 2010 the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments revealed that 14 months after resigning as Prime Minister, Blair had served as a paid business consultant to an oil firm with interests in Iraq.[126] The news raised concerns that he had profited financially from contacts he made during the Iraq war.[127]
Relationship with media[link]
Rupert Murdoch[link]
Blair was reported to have been supported by Rupert Murdoch, the founder of the News Corporation organisation.[128] In 1995, while leader of the Opposition, Blair disclosed in the Commons register of interests that he was a guest of Murdoch when he flew to meet him in Hayman Island.[129] In 2011 Blair became Godfather to one of Rupert Murdoch's children. Apparently Blair was 'robed in white for the ceremony' [130]
Contacts with UK media proprietors[link]
A Cabinet Office freedom of information response, released the day after Blair handed over power to Gordon Brown, documents Blair having various official phone calls and meetings with Rupert Murdoch of News Corporation and Richard Desmond of Northern and Shell Media.[131]
The response includes contacts "clearly of an official nature" in the specified period, but excludes contacts "not clearly of an official nature."[132] No details were given of the subjects discussed. In the period between September 2002 and April 2005, Blair and Murdoch are documented speaking 6 times; three times in the 9 days before the Iraq war, including the eve of the 20 March US and UK invasion, and on 29 January, 25 April and 3 October 2004. Between January 2003 and February 2004, Blair had three meetings with Richard Desmond; on 29 January and 3 September 2003 and 23 February 2004.[133][134]
The information was disclosed after a three and a half year battle by the Liberal Democrats' Lord Avebury.[131] Lord Avebury's initial October 2003 information request was dismissed by then leader of the Lords, Baroness Amos.[131] A following complaint was rejected, with Downing Street claiming the information compromised free and frank discussions, while Cabinet Office claimed releasing the timing of the PM's contacts with individuals is undesirable, as it might lead to the content of the discussions being disclosed.[131] While awaiting a following appeal from Lord Avebury, the cabinet office announced that it would release the information. Lord Avebury said: "The public can now scrutinise the timing of his (Murdoch's) contacts with the former Prime Minister, to see whether they can be linked to events in the outside world."[131]
Blair appeared before the Leveson Inquiry on Monday 28 May 2012.[135] During his appearance, a Protester, later named as David Lawley-Wakelin, got into the court-room and claimed he was guilty of war crimes before being dragged out.[136]
Media portrayal[link]
Blair is acknowledged by most[who?] to be a highly skilful media performer who comes over as charismatic, informal, and articulate.[citation needed] A few months after becoming Prime Minister he gave a tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales on the morning of her death in August 1997, in which he famously described her as "the People's Princess".[137][138]
After taking office in 1997, Blair gave particular prominence to his press secretary, who became known as the Prime Minister's Official Spokesman (the two roles have since been separated). Blair's first PMOS was Alastair Campbell, who served in that role from May 1997 to 8 June 2001, after which he served as the Prime Minister's Director of Communications and Strategy until his resignation on 29 August 2003 in the aftermath of the Hutton Inquiry.[citation needed]
Relationship with Labour Party[link]
Blair's apparent refusal to set a date for his departure was criticised by the British press and Members of Parliament. It has been reported that a number of cabinet ministers believed that Blair's timely departure from office would be required to be able to win a fourth election.[139] Some ministers viewed Blair's announcement of policy initiatives in September 2006 as an attempt to draw attention away from these issues.[139]
Blair forged friendships with several conservative European leaders, including Silvio Berlusconi of Italy,[140] Angela Merkel of Germany[141] and more recently Nicolas Sarkozy of France.[142]
Gordon Brown[link]
See also: Blair–Brown deal
After the death of John Smith in 1994, Blair and his close colleague Gordon Brown (they shared an office at the House of Commons) were both seen as possible candidates for the party leadership. They agreed not to stand against each other, it is said, as part of a supposed Blair-Brown pact. Brown, who considered himself the senior of the two, understood that Blair would give way to him: opinion polls soon indicated, however, that Blair appeared to enjoy greater support among voters.[143] Their relationship in power became so turbulent that (it was reported) the deputy prime minister, John Prescott, often had to act as "marriage guidance counsellor".[144]
During the 2010 election campaign Blair publicly endorsed Gordon Brown's leadership, praising the way he had handled the financial crisis.[145]
Post-Prime Ministerial career[link]
Diplomacy[link]
On 27 June 2007, Blair officially resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after ten years in office, and he was officially confirmed as Middle East envoy for the United Nations, European Union, United States, and Russia.[146] Blair originally indicated that he would retain his parliamentary seat after his resignation as Prime Minister came into effect; however, on being confirmed for the Middle East role he resigned from the Commons by taking up an office of profit.[87] President George W. Bush had preliminary talks with Blair to ask him to take up the envoy role. White House sources stated that "both Israel and the Palestinians had signed up to the proposal".[147][148] In May 2008, Blair announced a new plan for peace and for Palestinian rights, based heavily on the ideas of the Peace Valley plan.[149]
During the first nine days of the 2008–2009 Israel-Gaza conflict, Blair was allegedly spotted at the opening of the Armani store at Knightsbridge. Aides said he had been in phone contact with other world leaders since the fighting began.[150]
Private sector[link]
In January 2008, it was confirmed that Blair would be joining investment bank JPMorgan Chase in a "senior advisory capacity"[151] and that he would advise Zurich Financial Services on climate change. Some sources have claimed that his role at JP Morgan will pay more than $1m a year.[151] This additional salary will contribute to annual earnings of over £7m.[152]
Blair also gives lectures and earns up to US$250,000 for a 90-minute speech.[153][154] Yale University announced on 7 March 2008 that Blair will teach a course on issues of faith and globalisation at the Yale Schools of Management and Divinity as a Howland distinguished fellow during the 2008–09 academic year.[155]
Blair's links with, and receipt of an undisclosed sum from, UI Energy Corporation, a Korean company with oil interests in northern Iraq, have also been subject to media comment in the UK.[156]
Speculation places his personal wealth at £60 million, mostly earned since his tenure as Prime Minister, and owns nine properties around the world.[157] In July 2010 it was reported that his personal security guards claimed £250,000 a year in expenses from the tax payer, Foreign Secretary William Hague said; "we have to make sure that [Blair's security] is as cost-effective as possible, that it doesn't cost any more to the taxpayer than is absolutely necessary".[158]
Tony Blair Associates[link]
Blair has established Tony Blair Associates. This firm will "allow him to provide, in partnership with others, strategic advice on a commercial and pro bono [free] basis, on political and economic trends and governmental reform."[159] However, Blair has been the subject of criticism for apparent conflicts of interest that allow the former prime minister, now a Middle East peace envoy, to earn large sums of money, both directly and through Tony Blair Associates.[160][161]
In the Quartet[link]
Nabil Shaath, a senior Abbas associate, said that Blair was acting as Israel's "defence attorney" in face of Abbas' application for a Palestinian state to be admitted as a full member of the United Nations. According to a recent episode of the investigative documentary series Dispatches, on the UK's Channel 4,[162] Blair has used his Quartet role to gain introductions and proximity to Arab leaders, with whom he then signed private consulting contracts for Tony Blair Associates. He obtained one such contract, worth $40m from the Emir of Kuwait, to advise on reforms, and another from the rulers of the United Arab Emirates. Blair was instrumental in lobbying Israel to release frequencies in November 2009 for mobile phone company Wataniya to operate in the occupied West Bank. Wataniya is owned by the Qatari telecoms giant Q-Tel which bought Wataniya in 2007 with a $2 billions, loan arranged by the bank JP Morgan, according to Dispatches. Blair also works for JP Morgan, which pays him over $2m a year for providing "strategic" advice. JP Morgan stood to make "substantial profits" if the deal went through, the British documentary said. Israel had tied approval of Wataniya's frequencies to the PA dropping efforts to pursue the Goldstone report on Israeli war crimes in Gaza, through the UN. Blair also brokered another major deal with Israel for British Gas to secure contracts to exploit natural gas fields worth up to $6 billions, in the territorial waters of the Gaza Strip. Blair negotiated the deal directly with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In 2007, the United Nations Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People spent over $400,000 on three armoured cars for Blair.[163]
European Council president speculation[link]
In 2009, there was speculation in the media that Blair was open to the idea of becoming the first President of the European Council, a post created in the Treaty of Lisbon that would come into force in 2009, if successfully ratified. Gordon Brown added his support, but noted that it was premature to discuss candidates before the treaty was approved. A spokesman for Blair did not rule out him accepting the post, but said that he was concentrating on his current role in the Middle East.[164] Blair was later invited to speak on European issues at a rally of President Sarkozy's party, the Union for a Popular Movement, on 12 January 2008, which fuelled speculation further.[165][166]
There was opposition to Blair's candidacy for the job. In the UK, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats both said they would oppose Blair. In Germany, the leader of the Free Democrats, Guido Westerwelle, said that he preferred a candidate from a smaller European country.[167] The Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Jean-Claude Juncker emerged as a rival to Blair's candidacy and had the backing for many of the smaller European member states. In November 2009, the Belgian PM Herman Van Rompuy was named President of the European Council.[168][169]
Charity[link]
On 14 November 2007, Blair launched the Tony Blair Sports Foundation, which aims to "increase childhood participation in sports activities, especially in the North East of England, where a larger proportion of children are socially excluded, and to promote overall health and prevent childhood obesity."[170] On 30 May 2008, Blair launched the Tony Blair Faith Foundation as a vehicle for encouraging different faiths to join together in promoting respect and understanding, as well as working to tackle poverty. Reflecting Blair's own faith but not dedicated to any particular religion, the Foundation aims to "show how faith is a powerful force for good in the modern world".[171] "The Foundation will use its profile and resources to encourage people of faith to work together more closely to tackle global poverty and conflict," says its mission statement.[172]
In February 2009, he applied to set up a charity called the Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative, the application was approved in November 2009.[173]
Memoirs[link]
Main article: A Journey
In March 2010, it was reported that Blair's memoirs, titled The Journey, would be published in September 2010.[174] In July 2010 it was announced the memoirs would be retitled A Journey.[175] It was announced on 16 August 2010 that Blair would give the £4.6 million advance and all royalties from his memoirs to a sports centre for badly injured soldiers.[176] The book was published on 1 September and within hours of its launch had become the fastest-selling autobiography of all time.[177] On 3 September Blair gave his first live interview since publication on The Late Late Show in Ireland, with protesters lying in wait there for him.[178][179] On 4 September Blair was confronted by 200 anti-war and hardline Irish nationalist demonstrators before the first book signing of his memoirs at Eason's bookstore on O'Connell Street in Dublin, with angry activists chanting "war criminal" and that he had "blood on his hands", and clashing with Irish Police (Garda Síochána) as they tried to break through a security cordon outside the Eason's store. Blair was pelted with eggs and shoes, and encountered an attempted citizen's arrest for war crimes.[180] Social networking media have been used to protest Blair's policies and the legacy of the war in Iraq.[181]
War crimes finding[link]
On 22 November 2011, a mock war-crimes tribunal put together by the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission reached a unanimous verdict that Tony Blair and George W. Bush are guilty of crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and genocide as a result of their roles in the 2003 Iraq War. The trial, which lasted 4 days, consisting of 5 judges of judicial and academic backgrounds, a court-appointed defence team in lieu of the defendants or representatives, and a prosecution team including international law professor Francis Boyle, does not have powers to apprehend the pair, but issued an order for the findings to be reported to the International Criminal Court.[182] The court's finding received mixed responses, being labelled a "circus" by former UN Special Rapporteur Param Cumaraswamy, and supported as "necessary work" by former US Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney.[183]
Portrayals and cameo appearances[link]
Appearances[link]
Blair made an animated cameo appearance as himself in The Simpsons episode, "The Regina Monologues" (2003)[184] He has also appeared himself at the end of the first episode of The Amazing Mrs. Pritchard, a British television series about an unknown housewife becoming Prime Minister. On 14 March 2007, Blair appeared as a celebrity judge on Masterchef goes Large after contestants had to prepare a three course meal in the Downing Street kitchens for Blair and Bertie Ahern.[185] On 16 March 2007, Blair featured in a comedy sketch with Catherine Tate, who appeared in the guise of her character Lauren Cooper from The Catherine Tate Show. The sketch was made for the BBC Red Nose Day fundraising programme of 2007. During the sketch, Blair used Lauren's catchphrase "Am I bovvered?".[186]
Portrayals[link]
Michael Sheen has portrayed Blair three times, in the films The Deal (2003), The Queen (2006), and The Special Relationship (2009). Blair was portrayed by Robert Lindsay in the TV programme A Very Social Secretary (2005), and reprised the role in The Trial of Tony Blair (2007). He was also portrayed by James Larkin in The Government Inspector (2005), and by Ioan Gruffudd in W. (2008). In the 2006 Channel 4 comedy drama documentary, Tony Blair: Rock Star, he was portrayed by Christian Brassington
Blair in fiction and satire[link]
When Blair resigned as Prime Minister, Robert Harris, a former Fleet Street political editor, dropped his other work to write The Ghost. The CIA-influenced British Prime Minister in the book is said to be a thinly disguised version of Blair.[187] In November 2007 it was announced that Roman Polanski was to direct the film version of the novel, and would be writing the script with Harris. The film The Ghost Writer was released in February 2010 in the US.[188] Polanski's film saw Pierce Brosnan portray former-Prime Minister Adam Lang, and dramatises Blair's relationship with the United States, as well as the possibility of war crime charges.[189] Stephen Mangan portrays Blair in The Hunt for Tony Blair (2011), a one-off The Comic Strip Presents... satire presented in the style of a 1950s film noir. In the film, he is wrongly implicated in the deaths of Robin Cook and John Smith and on the run from Inspector Hutton.[190]
Titles and honours[link]
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) |
Styles from 1983 election onwards[link]
- Mr Anthony Charles Lynton Blair MP (1983–1994)
- The Rt Hon Anthony Charles Lynton Blair MP (1994–2007)
- The Rt Hon Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (2007–)
Honours[link]
- Privy Councillor (1994)
- Congressional Gold Medal (2003)[191]
- Honorary Doctor of Law (LL.D.) from Queen's University Belfast (2008)
- Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009)
- Dan David Prize (2009)
- Liberty Medal (2010)
In May 2007, before his resignation, it was reported that Blair would be offered a knighthood in the Order of the Thistle, owing to his Scottish connections (rather than the Order of the Garter, which is usually offered to former Prime Ministers).[192] No such move has been made since, and Blair has reportedly indicated that he does not want the traditional knighthood or peerage bestowed on former prime ministers.[193]
On 22 May 2008, Blair received an honorary law doctorate from Queen's University Belfast, alongside former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, for distinction in public service and roles in the Northern Ireland peace process.[194]
On 13 January 2009, Blair was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.[195] Bush stated that Blair was given the award "in recognition of exemplary achievement and to convey the utmost esteem of the American people"[196] and cited Blair's support for the War on Terror and his role in achieving peace in Northern Ireland as two reasons for justifying his being presented with the award.[197][198]
On 16 February 2009, Blair was awarded the Dan David Prize by Tel Aviv University for "exceptional leadership and steadfast determination in helping to engineer agreements and forge lasting solutions to areas in conflict". He was awarded the prize in May 2009.[199][200]
On 13 September 2010, Blair was awarded the Liberty Medal at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was presented by former President Bill Clinton, and is awarded annually to men and women of courage and conviction who strive to secure the blessings of liberty to people around the globe.
Because Blair is credited as being instrumental in ending the conflict in Kosovo, boys born in that country following the war have been given the name Toni or Tonibler.[201]
Works[link]
- Blair, Tony (2010). A Journey Random House, ISBN 0-09-192555-X OCLC Number 657172683 London
- Blair, Tony (2002). The Courage of Our Convictions Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0603-4 London
- Blair, Tony (2000). Superpower: Not Superstate? (Federal Trust European Essays) Federal Trust for Education & Research, ISBN 1-903403-25-1 London
- Blair, Tony (1998). The Third Way: New Politics for the New Century Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0588-7 London
- Blair, Tony (1998). Leading the Way: New Vision for Local Government Institute for Public Policy Research, ISBN 1-86030-075-8 London
- Blair, Tony (1997). New Britain: My Vision of a Young Country Basic Books, ISBN 0-8133-3338-5 New York
- Blair, Tony (1995). Let Us Face the Future Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0571-2 London
- Blair, Tony (1994). What Price Safe Society? Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0562-3 London
- Blair, Tony (1994). Socialism Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0565-8 London
See also[link]
- Bush-Blair memo
- Blair Ministry
- Blairism
- 'Cash for Honours' scandal
- Cultural depictions of Tony Blair
- Impeach Blair campaign
- Labour Party leadership election, 2007
- Politics of the United Kingdom
- Tony Blair Faith Foundation
- Electoral history of Tony Blair
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Tony Blair". Tony Blair. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003134.
- ^ Mark Bevir. New Labour: a critique. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2005. Pp. 72.
- ^ Florence Faucher-King, Patrick Le Galès, Gregory Elliott. The New Labour experiment: change and reform under Blair and Brown. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, 2010. Pp. 18.
- ^ a b "Brown is UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 27 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6245682.stm. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
- ^ "Blair launches faith foundation". BBC News. 30 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7427809.stm. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Tony Blair launches Faith and Globalisation programme at Durham University". http://www.dur.ac.uk/news/newsitem/?itemno=8243. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
- ^ "Yale and Tony Blair Launch Faith and Globalization Initiative". Yale University Office of Public Affairs. http://opa.yale.edu/news/article.aspx?id=6040. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
- ^ a b "Blair's birthplace is bulldozed in Edinburgh". Edinburgh Evening News (Johnston Press plc). 9 August 2006. http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=1156262006. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Blair: 'Why adoption is close to my heart', 21 December 2000, The Guardian
- ^ "Local Map". Ballyshannon Town Council. http://www.ballyshannon.ie/Article_Listings.aspx?tscategory_id=276&category_name=Local+Map. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "Lipsett's Grocery Shop: This is the birthplace of Hazel (Corscadden) Blair, mother of British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Her mother's maiden name was Lipsett and Hazel was born over the shop."
- ^ Nicholas Watt and Owen Bowcott (14 March 2007). "'We had no file on him but it was clear he was up for the business'". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/guardianpolitics/story/0,,2033286,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "In the second part of our series on the peace process, Sinn Féin chief negotiator Martin McGuinness recalls his first encounter with the PM and explains how he saved the Good Friday deal"
- ^ Andrew Rawnsley (8 April 2007). "Peace and war: the reckoning. Part two, The barrister and the preacher". The Observer (UK). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/blair/story/0,,2049958,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ Ahmed, Kamal (27 April 2003). "Tony's big adventure". The Observer (UK: Guardian Newspapers Ltd.). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/secondterm/story/0,8224,944191,00.html. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ "Alumni Roll Call". Durham Chorister School website. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071021173809/http://www.thechoristerschool.com/alumni/rollcall.php. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ Victoria Powell (6 January 2006). "Tony Blair absolutely modelled himself on Mick Jagger". The Guardian (UK). http://arts.guardian.co.uk/filmandmusic/story/0,,1678432,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "TV producer Victoria Powell explains how she recreated the PM's adventures in 1970s rock"
- ^ Ed Black's diary (23 July 2004). "Tony Blair's revolting schooldays". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). http://news.scotsman.com/edwardblack/Tony-Blairs-revolting-schooldays.2548089.jp. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ "Blair in a boater, a crude hand gesture, and the Class of '75". Daily Mail (UK: Associated Newspapers Ltd.). 3 March 2006. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=439587&in_page_id=1770&ico=Homepage&icl=TabModule&icc=picbox&ct=5. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
- ^ Michaelmas Term 1974. Complete Alphabetical List of the Resident Members of the University of Oxford. Oxford University Press. 1974. p. 10.
- ^ "Mary Harron Biography". Yahoo! Movies. Yahoo! Inc. 2006. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800256658/bio. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Nethermere (St Neots) Ltd v Gardiner]] [1983] ICR 319
- ^ "Events & Visits | Cherie celebrates her 30th Wedding Anniversary this spring". Cherie Blair. http://www.cherieblair.org/highlights/2010/03/my-memory-is-not-infallible.html. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ CNN.com Facts: Life and times of Tony Blair
- ^ "Blair's son 'drunk and incapable'". BBC News. 6 July 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/822238.stm. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
- ^ "Welcome distraction for Tony Blair". BBC News. 20 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/756400.stm. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
- ^ Woolf, Marie; Garner, Richard (5 July 2002). "Blair caught up in private tutor row". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/blair-caught-up-in-private-tutor-row-647334.html. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ McDonagh, Melanie. Names that mean trouble, The Times, 13 September 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
- ^ Carole Cadwalladr (11 September 2011). "Jimmy Carter: 'We never dropped a bomb. We never fired a bullet. We never went to war'". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/11/president-jimmy-carter-interview.
- ^ Wintour, Patrick; Boseley Sarah. Tony Blair in heart scare, The Guardian, 20 October 2003. Retrieved 18 December 2009.
- ^ "Blair 'prayed to God' over Iraq". BBC News. 3 March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4772142.stm. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Roy McCloughry (14 September 1993). "Practising for Power: Tony Blair". Third Way Magazine: the modern world through Christian eyes. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927142102/http://www.thirdway.org.uk/past/showpage.asp?page=43. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "Since 1993, Third Way has been talking in depth to men and women who help to shape our society or set the tone of our culture. We spoke to Tony Blair on 14 September 1993, before the spin doctors closed around him, when he was still shadow Home Secretary and had a full head of hair."
- ^ Colin Brown (3 May 2003). "Campbell interrupted Blair as he spoke of his faith: 'We don't do God'". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1429109/Campbell-interrupted-Blair-as-he-spoke-of-his-faith-We-dont-do-God.html. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
- ^ "Ev'rybody must get stones", The Observer, 8 December 2002
- ^ How Mumbo-Jumbo Conquered the World, Francis Wheen, Harper Perennial 2004, ISBN 0-00-714097-5
- ^ "Blair questions Papal gay policy". BBC News. 8 April 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7987566.stm. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Steve Doughty (4 November 2009). "Catholic leader's rebuke for Blair". The Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1169204/Catholic-leaders-rebuke-Blair.html. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Alexander Chancellor (18 May 2007). "Blair doesn't need intermediaries to communicate with God. So why does he want to become a Catholic?". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,2082533,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ "Tony Blair joins Catholic faith". BBC News. 22 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7157409.stm. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ "Blair Converts To Catholicism". Sky News. 22 December 2007. http://news.sky.com/skynews/article/0,,30100-1298177,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Ruth Gledhill, Jeremy Austin and Philip Webster (17 May 2007). "Blair will be welcomed into Catholic fold via his ‘baptism of desire’". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1801237.ece. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ Walters, Simon (12 April 2007). "An identity crisis for Blair: Former PM describes Jerusalem as 'home'". Daily Mail (UK). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1169342/An-identity-crisis-Blair-Former-PM-describes-Jerusalem-home.html. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
- ^ "Tony Blair addresses Obama's first annual National Prayer Breakfast". Ekklesia. 5 February 2009. http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/8558. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Alastair Campbell diaries: How Blair's Bible reading prompted Iraq 'wobble' guardian.co.uk, Friday 14 January 2011
- ^ Blair, Tony (July 1982). "The full text of Tony Blair's letter to Michael Foot written in July 1982". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Ltd.). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/06/16/nletter116.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/06/16/ixuknews.html. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Navrozov, Lev (21 April 2006). "On Democracy". NewsMax.com. http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/4/20/170221.shtml. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Seddon, Mark (2004). "America's Friend: Reflections on Tony Blair". Logos 3.4. http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_3.4/seddon.htm. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ "About Labour". The Labour Party. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061116065904/http://www.labour.org.uk/aboutlabour. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ "BBC Archive". BBC Programme Catalogue. http://open.bbc.co.uk/catalogue/infax/programme/LCAQ520E. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ John Carvel, "A fresh team of 'Yaks' will take on Labour's burden", The Guardian, 9 July 1987, p. 2.
- ^ a b Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 326. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
- ^ "1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule". BBC News. 15 April 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393323.stm.
- ^ "1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule". BBC News. 15 April 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393323.stm.
- ^ "Education, education, education" BBC News,14 May 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ Kingdom, John (April 2003). Government and Politics in Britain: An Introduction (3rd ed.). Polity Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-7456-2594-2.
- ^ "Top Ten: Lib Dem 'breakthrough moments'". ePolitix.com. 24 April 2010. http://www.epolitix.com/latestnews/article-detail/newsarticle/top-ten-lib-dem-breakthrough-moments/. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "Biography: The Prime Minister Tony Charles Lynton Blair". Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070604003655/http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/page4.asp. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ BBC News Archive, "1998: Northern Ireland peace deal reached"
- ^ Philip Stephens, "Blair’s remarkable record", Financial Times, 10 May 2007
- ^ Telegraph.co.uk: Omagh, Northern Ireland's worst atrocity 24 December 2007
- ^ Blair: The Inside Story BBC News, 22 February 2007
- ^ Marr, Andrew; A History of Modern Britain (2008 printing); page 550
- ^ Gberie, Lansana (2005). A Dirty War in West Africa: the RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone;page 176. Indiana UP.
- ^ a b Little, Allan (15 May 2010). "The brigadier who saved Sierra Leone". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8682505.stm. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
- ^ "After 16 long days, free in 20 minutes": The Guardian, 11 September 2001
- ^ Marr, Andrew; A History of Modern Britain (2008 printing); page 551
- ^ "The rise and fall of New Labour". BBC News. 3 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10518842.
- ^ Quoted by satirist Armando Ianucci and called his 'favourite sentence of the Inquiry so far' Radio 5 Live 21 January 2010
- ^ Riazat Butt and Richard Norton-Taylor (12 December 2009). "Tony Blair admits: I would have invaded Iraq anyway". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/dec/12/tony-blair-iraq-chilcot-inquiry. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Malaysian former PM Mahathir accuses Tony Blair as war criminal". Xinhua News Agency. 1 August 2008. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/01/content_8890239.htm. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ David Fickling (7 December 2005). "Pinter demands war crimes trial for Blair". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/dec/07/iraq.booksnews. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Iraq inquiry hears defiant Blair say: I'd do it again". BBC News. 29 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8485694.stm. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ "Tony Blair defends UK involvement in Iraq war". BBC News. 29 January 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8485694.stm. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ Mulholland, Helene; Sparrow, Andrew (29 January 2010). "Tony Blair at Iraq inquiry – the key points". Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/jan/29/tony-blair-iraq-inquiry-key-points. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ "PM: Saddam and his regime will be removed". Prime Minister's Office. 25 March 2003. http://www.number10.gov.uk/output/Page3347.asp. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
- ^ Tempest, Matthew (7 September 2004). "Tony Blair's press conference". The Guardian (London: Guardian Newspapers Ltd.). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/media/story/0,,1299024,00.html. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
- ^ "Blair agrees to face grilling by select committee critics" Daily Telegraph, 27 April 2002. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ Ian Kershaw, "How will history judge Blair?", BBC News, 10 May 2007.
- ^ Timothy Garton Ash, "President Blair: Americans love our leader but may cause his downfall", The Guardian, 24 July 2003
- ^ Andrew Marr, "How Blair put the media in a spin" BBC News, 10 May 2007
- ^ "Blair questioned in honours probe", BBC News, 14 December 2006
- ^ Blair a casualty of UK support for Iraq war, The Washington Times, 8 November 2003
- ^ Diplomat's suppressed document lays bare the lies behind Iraq war, The Independent, 15 December 2006
- ^ Blair Risked Much in Support of U.S.-UK Friendship, National Public Radio, 9 May 2007
- ^ Talk of war dents Blair's popularity, Daily Telegraph, 17 February 2003
- ^ Tony Blair to Resign in a Year, ABC News, 7 September 2006
- ^ The End of the Tony Show, Der Spiegel, 10 May 2007
- ^ "I will quit within a year —Blair". BBC News. 7 September 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5322094.stm. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ a b Churcher, Joe; Woodcock, Andrew (27 June 2007). "Blair resigns as MP and heads for Mideast role". The Independent (UK). http://news.independent.co.uk/article2715349.ece. Retrieved 27 June 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Andrew Pierce (7 October 2007). "Tony Blair refuses to produce an honours list". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1565263/Tony-Blair-refuses-to-produce-an-honours-list.html. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
- ^ Polly Toynbee, Michael White and Patrick Wintour "We're a left-of-centre party pursuing prosperity and social justice", The Guardian, 11 September 2001
- ^ "The Death of Socialism", 17 May 2007
- ^ Neal Lawson, "A decade of Blair has left the Labour party on its knees", The Guardian, 19 April 2007
- ^ YouGov UK Polling Report, Left vs Right, 23 September 2005
- ^ Peter Kellner, "What's left of the Labour leader?", New Stateman, 28 October 2002
- ^ "Why Blair was no conservative", Financial Times, 18 May 2007
- ^ Steve Richards, "Blair the politician: A conjuror who lost touch with his party", The Belfast Telegraph, 11 May 2007
- ^ Mike Marquesee, "Labour's long march to the right", International Socialism, Issue 91, Summer 2001
- ^ Charlie Kimber, "Can the left reclaim the Labour Party?", Socialist Worker, 2 August 2002
- ^ Mark Rice-Oxley, "Tony Blair's decade of peace and war", The Christian Science Monitor, 11 May 2007
- ^ Alan Cowell, "Tory leader urges British opposition to stake out 'center ground'", International Herald Tribune, 1 October 2006
- ^ "Tony Blair’s legacy: 20% jump in amount of legislation introduced per year" (PDF). 1 June 2007. http://www.sweetandmaxwell.thomson.com/about-us/press-releases/010607.pdf. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Blair's 'frenzied law making' : a new offence for every day spent in office 16 August 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
- ^ Jon Silverman, Legal affairs analyst, "Blair's new look civil liberties", BBC News, 14 May 2007
- ^ Tony Blair and Global Warming Brookings, 18 November 2003. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ Jeremy Lovell, Britain Set to Miss its Own Greenhouse Gas Target Britain Set to Miss its Own Greenhouse Gas Target Planet Ark, 29 March 2006
- ^ Blair's 'longest serving Labour Prime Minister' environment record attacked Farsham House Group, 11 February 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
- ^ Blair defends green record BBC News, 24 October 2000. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ "Mandela condemns US stance on Iraq". BBC News. 30 January 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2710181.stm. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
- ^ Assinder, Nick (3 February 2003). "Blair battles "poodle" jibes". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2721513.stm. Retrieved 30 November 2006.
- ^ "Bush 'routinely ignoring Blair'". BBC News. 30 November 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6158435.stm. Retrieved 30 November 2006.
- ^ George W. Bush (20 September 2001). "Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People". The White House website. http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "America has no truer friend than Great Britain. (Applause.) Once again, we are joined together in a great cause – so honoured the British Prime Minister has crossed an ocean to show his unity of purpose with America. Thank you for coming, friend. (Applause.)"
- ^ Julian Glover and Ewen MacAskill (25 July 2006). "Stand up to US, voters tell Blair". The Guardian (UK). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/foreignaffairs/story/0,,1828225,00.html. Retrieved 22 November 2007. "Britain should take a much more robust and independent approach to the United States, according to a Guardian/ICM poll published today, which finds strong public opposition to Blair's close working relationship with President Bush."
- ^ "PM's speech on US Elections". Prime Minister's Office. 3 November 2004. http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page6526.asp. Retrieved 29 May 2007.
- ^ Hugo Young in Washington (14 November 2002). "Hugo Young: Blair has not been a poodle, but poodleism still beckons". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/nov/14/iraq.foreignpolicy. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Transcript: Bush and Blair's unguarded chat". BBC News. 18 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5188258.stm. Retrieved 20 April 2010. . In common with many news organisations the BBC transcribed Bush's greeting as "Yo, Blair", but this is a clear mishearing: see Great Political Myths Part 1, BBC Radio 4, 15 July 2007.
- ^ Anthony Seldon, Blair, (London: Free Press, 2005), p. 506.
- ^ Assaf Uni, Finance scandal has local community worried, Haaretz, 10 December 2007.
- ^ Euan Ferguson (19 March 2006). "There was once a jolly bagman". Guardian (UK). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/funding/story/0,,1734529,00.html?gusrc=rss.
- ^ Watt, Nicholas (20 January 2011). "Britain believes Israeli PM Netanyahu is an 'armour-plated bullshitter' – Alastair Campbell". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/wintour-and-watt/2011/jan/20/alastaircampbell-binyamin-netanyahu.
- ^ Jewish Care, Fundraising Dinner 2006.
- ^ Wavell, Stuart (19 March 2006). "Lord Cashpoint's touch of money magic". The Sunday Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2092803,00.html. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
- ^ Dillon, Jo (4 May 2003). "Dalyell attacks 'Jewish cabal'". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/dalyell-attacks-jewish-cabal-538006.html. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ a b c Seldon, Blair, p. 506.
- ^ Diplomats attack Blair's Israel policy, Guardian Unlimited, Matthew Tempest, 26 April 2004
- ^ Cabinet in open revolt over Blair's Israel policy, The Observer, 30 July 2006
- ^ Peter Watt, "The 'Complex' Issue of 'Humanitarian' Intervention" ZNet, 6 August 2006
- ^ Jason Groves (19 March 2010). "Blair's fight to keep his oil cash secret: Former PM's deals are revealed as his earnings since 2007 reach £20million". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1259030/Tony-Blairs-secret-dealings-South-Korean-oil-firm-UI-Energy-Corp.html. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ Daily Mirror "Tony Blair's secret lucrative advisory job with Iraq oil firm" 20 March 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
- ^ Gaby Hinsliff, "The PM, the mogul and the secret agenda", The Observer, 23 July 2006
- ^ Grice, Andrew (24 October 2008). "Cameron, Murdoch and a Greek island freebie". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-murdoch-and-a-greek-island-freebie-971470.html. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14785501
- ^ a b c d e "Blair and Murdoch spoke days before Iraq war". The Guardian (UK). 19 July 2007. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/jul/19/freedomofinformation.iraq. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
- ^ Fletcher, Kim (10 July 2006). "The meetings that matter between Murdoch and Blair". The Guardian (UK). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/foi/story/0,,1818852,00.html. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
- ^ "When Murdoch met Blair – information released". Bindmans. http://www.bindmans.com/index.php?id=289. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
- ^ "Blair & Murdoch – FOI v Campbell". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-perl/mt/mt-comments.cgi. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
- ^ "Tony Blair to appear before Leveson Inquiry". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18203161. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2012/may/28/tony-blair-protester-leveson-inquiry?intcmp=239
- ^ Buerkle, Tom (1 September 1997). "Charles Takes Diana's Body Home From Paris – World Mourns the 'People's Princess'". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/news/01iht-london.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ "Tony coined the 'people's princess'". London: Telegraph. 9 July 2007. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1556863/Tony-coined-the-peoples-princess.html. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ a b Elliott, Francis (4 September 2006). "'Deluded': Extraordinary attack on Blair by Cabinet". The Independent (UK). http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/article1325433.ece. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "Blair attacked over right-wing EU links" BBC News, 15 March 2002
- ^ Ed Vulliamy, "By their friends shall we know the Sultans of Bling: Blair's relationships with Berlusconi, Bush and Murdoch have defined his premiership. Now Merkel is to join the trio", The Guardian, 27 October 2005
- ^ Martin Kettle, "Why Ségo and Sarko have transfixed the British left", The Guardian, 28 April 2007
- ^ A MORI opinion poll published in The Sunday Times on 15 May found that, among the general public, Blair had the support of 32%, John Prescott 19%, Margaret Beckett 14%, Gordon Brown 9% and Robin Cook 5%.
- ^ Andrew Rawnsley (5 October 2003). "A marriage on the rocks". The Observer (UK: Guardian Newspapers Ltd.). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour2003/comment/0,,1056215,00.html. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
- ^ Tony Blair throws himself into election campaign with praise for Gordon Brown and harsh words for Tories" The Guardian, 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
- ^ "Blair becomes Middle East envoy". BBC News. 27 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6244358.stm. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
- ^ "US 'wants Blair' for Mid-East job". BBC News. 21 June 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6222848.stm.
- ^ Matthew Tempest and Mark Tran (20 June 2007). "US approves of Blair as possible Middle East envoy". The Guardian (London). http://politics.guardian.co.uk/tonyblair/story/0,,2107523,00.html.
- ^ Israel may ease grip in Tony Blair deal to revive West Bank, The Times, 14 May 2008
- ^ Matthew Kalman (5 January 2009). "As Gaza is torn apart by war, where is Middle East peace envoy Tony Blair? He's been on HOLIDAY". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1105250/As-Gaza-torn-apart-war-Middle-East-peace-envoy-Tony-Blair-Hes-HOLIDAY.html. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Tony Blair joins investment bank". BBC News. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7180306.stm. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
- ^ Hencke, David Insurance job takes Blair's earnings above £7m, The Guardian, 29 January 2008
- ^ Lectures see Tony Blair earnings jump over £12m Times Online, 29 October 2008
- ^ "People: Tony Blair’s earnings are £12m a year". The First Post. 29 October 2008. http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/people,1565,blairs-earnings-are-12m-a-year,52596. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Martineau, Kim (7 March 2008). "Blair To Teach At Yale Next Year". The Hartford Courant (Hartford, Connecticut: Tribune Company). http://www.courant.com/news/custom/topnews/hcu-tonyblair-0307,0,1787038.story. Retrieved 7 March 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Tony Blair got cash for deal with South Korean oil firm by Solomon Hughes and David Leigh, The Guardian, Wednesday 17 March 2010
- ^ McGurk, Tom (5 September 2010). "Blair is a lifer in the prison of his dark past". Sbpost.ie. http://www.sbpost.ie/commentandanalysis/blair-is-a-lifer-in-the-prison-of-his-dark-past-51461.html. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ Jones, Sam (4 July 2010). "Tony Blair's guards run up £250,000 a year in expenses". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/jul/04/tony-blair-guards-expenses. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
- ^ Tony Blair Inc: a nice little earner The Sunday Times, 22 February 2009
- ^ Tony Blair's Byzantine world of advisers and lucrative deals The Daily Telegraph, 24 September 2011
- ^ On the desert trail of Tony Blair's millions The Daily Telegraph, 24 September 2011
- ^ The Wonderful World of Tony Blair
- ^ Why the UN must abolish the 'Quartet'. By Ali Abunimah. Al Jazeera, 5 October 2011.
- ^ Grice, Andrew (20 October 2007). "Blair emerges as candidate for 'President of Europe'". The Independent (UK). http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article3078889.ece. Retrieved 21 October 2007.
- ^ AFP (2007). Blair charms France's ruling party amid talk of EU top job. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
- ^ Crumley, Bruce (14 January 2008). "Blair Weighs Up EU Presidency Bid". Time. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1703254,00.html.
- ^ Blair, Tony (28 October 2009). "German party cool on Blair for EU". BBC World Service News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8329554.stm.
- ^ "EU foreign head dismisses critics". The BBC. 20 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8369730.stm. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ Blair, Tony (29 October 2009). "Downing Street is less optimistic about Blair campaign to become EU President". BBC World Service News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8333192.stm.
- ^ "Tony Blair Sports Foundation". Tony Blair Sports Foundation. http://tonyblairsportsfoundation.org/. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Mission statement"[dead link], Tony Blair Faith Foundation, 30 May 2008.
- ^ "Tony Blair’s Faith Foundation speech". The New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/the-god-blog/2009/09/faith-foundation-blair-speech.
- ^ Leigh, David; Ian Griffiths (1 December 2009). "The mystery of Tony Blair's finances". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/dec/01/mystery-tony-blair-finances. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
- ^ "'Frank' Blair memoirs out in September" The Bookseller, 4 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- ^ Tony Blair's memoirs title change strikes a less 'messianic' tone Robert Booth The Guardian 12 July 2010
- ^ "Tony Blair donates book cash to injured soldier charity". BBC News (BBC). 16 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10988478. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ^ Grice, Andrew (2 September 2010). "Blair's memoirs: From No10 to No1". The Independent (London: Independent Newspapers Ltd). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/blairs-memoirs-from-no10-to-no1-2068147.html. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
- ^ Tubridy to chat to Tony Blair on Late Late. RTÉ ten.
- ^ Tony Blair interview greeted by Iraq war protesters and Jedward fans. Guardian.
- ^ Shoes and eggs thrown at Tony Blair as he attends book signing. Telegraph
- ^ Subversively move Tony Blair's memoirs to the crime section in the book shop | http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=150746811621277
- ^ Kuala Lumpur tribunal: Bush and Blair guilty - Richard Falk, Al Jazeera
- ^ Mahathir's War Crimes Court to Name and Shame IPS News
- ^ "The Regina Monologues". The Simpsons.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070320093219/http://www.thesimpsons.com/episode_guide/1504.htm. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
- ^ Masterchef Addict's blog, The Stage, 15 March 2007
- ^ "Catherine Tate hails Blair's comic skills". The Telegraph (London). 22 March 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080111011426/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/03/22/ntate121.xml. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
- ^ This one's for you, Tony The Observer, 30 September 2007
- ^ Siegel, Tatiana (7 November 2007). "Roman Polanski returns with 'Ghost'". Variety (Reed Business Information). http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117975536.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
- ^ Plett, Barbara (19 March 2010). "How Realistic Is New Polanski Film The Ghost?". BBC News. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ Plunkett, John (26 August 2011). "Comic Strip returns with Tony Blair on the run in Channel 4 film noir comedy". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2011/aug/26/comic-strip-tony-blair-film. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
- ^ Michael E. Eidenmuller (18 July 2003). "Tony Blair Addresses Congress Accepting the Congressional Gold Medal Award". American Rhetoric – Online Speech Bank. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/tblaircongressionalgoldmedal.htm. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Queen makes Blair an offer that he can refuse". The Daily Telegraph (UK). 13 May 2007. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080121050131/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/05/13/dp1301.xml#head1. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
- ^ Kite, Melissa (30 December 2007). "Tony Blair spurns honour system". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/1574027/Tony-Blair-spurns-honour-system.html. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
- ^ "Queen's degrees for ex-premiers". BBC News. 22 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7413956.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
- ^ "Blair to get US Medal of Freedom". BBC News. 5 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7812582.stm. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ Jo Adetunji (13 January 2009). "Bush gives Blair highest US civilian honour". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jan/13/tony-blair-presidential-medal-freedom. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ David Gardner (13 January 2009). "For services rendered? George Bush awards 'staunch friend' Tony Blair Presidential Medal Of Freedom". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1114405/For-services-rendered-George-Bush-awards-staunch-friend-Tony-Blair-Americas-Presidential-Medal-Of-Freedom.html. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ President Bush awards Tony Blair Presidential Medal of Freedom Times Online, 13 January 2009
- ^ 17 February 2009 (17 February 2009). "Blair wins Dan David Prize". JTA – Jewish & Israel News. http://jta.org/news/article/2009/02/17/1003041/blair-is-dan-david-prize-winner. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Blair's peace-broker prize surreal, say anti-war campaigners". Radio France Internationale. http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/110/article_2916.asp. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Namesakes welcome Tony Blair during Kosovo visit". BBC News (BBC). 9 July 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10576544. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
Further reading[link]
- Abse, Leo (2001). Tony Blair: The Man Behind the Smile. Robson Books. ISBN 1-86105-364-9.
- Beckett, F. & Hencke, D. (2004). The Blairs and Their Court. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-84513-024-3.
- Tony Blair: The Man Who Lost His Smile. Robson Books. 2003. ISBN 1-86105-698-2.
- Blair, Tony (1998). (ed.) Iain Dale. ed. The Blair Necessities: Tony Blair Book of Quotations. Robson Books. ISBN 1-86105-139-5.
- (ed.) Paul Richards, ed. (2004). Tony Blair: In His Own Words. Politico's Publishing. ISBN 1-84275-089-5.
- Gould, Philip (1999). The Unfinished Revolution: How the Modernisers Saved the Labour Party. Abacus. ISBN 0-349-11177-4.
- Naughtie, James (2001). The Rivals: The Intimate Story of a Political Marriage. Fourth Estate. ISBN 1-84115-473-3.
- The Accidental American: Tony Blair and the Presidency. Macmillan. 2004. ISBN 1-4050-5001-2.
- Rawnsley, Andrew (2000). Servants of the People: The Inside Story of New Labour. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-14029-3.
- Servants of the People: The Inside Story of New Labour (2nd ed.). Penguin Books. 2001. ISBN 0-14-027850-8.
- Rentoul, John (2001). Tony Blair: Prime Minister. Little Brown. ISBN 0-316-85496-4.
- Riddell, Peter (2004). The Unfulfilled Prime Minister: Tony Blair and the End of Optimism. Politico's Publishing. ISBN 1-84275-113-1.
- Seldon, Anthony (2004). Blair. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-3211-9.
- Short, Clare (2004). An Honourable Deception? New Labour, Iraq, and the Misuse of Power. Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-6392-8.
- Stephens, Philip (2004). Tony Blair: The Making of a World Leader. Viking Books. ISBN 0-670-03300-6.
- Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (2007). Yo, Blair!. Methuen. ISBN 978-1-84275-206-7.
Miscellany[link]
- Blair, T. (2004) "Blair, The Right Hon. A. C. L." from Who's Who, 156th ed., London: A & C Black
- Halsbury's Laws of England (2004), reference to impeachment in volume on Constitutional Law and Human Rights, paragraph 416
- The Queen (2006 film)
External links[link]
| Find more about Tony Blair on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
|
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
|
Images and media from Commons |
|
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
|
News stories from Wikinews |
|
Quotations from Wikiquote |
|
Source texts from Wikisource |
|
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Tony Blair's post-Downing Street official website
- Tony Blair Faith Foundation
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Electoral history and profile at The Guardian
- Voting record at PublicWhip.org
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou.com
- Articles authored at Journalisted
- Tony Blair companies grouped at OpenCorporates
- Tony Blair at the Internet Movie Database
- Tony Blair collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Tony Blair collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Tony Blair on Charlie Rose
- Works by or about Tony Blair in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- A Day in the Life an on-line documentary by Tony Blair on life as Prime Minister, at number-10.gov.uk
- pm.gov.uk The Prime Minister Tony Charles Lynton Blair at the Wayback Machine at www.pm.gov.uk
- The Blair Years—Timeline at BBC News
- Special Report – The Blair years 1997–2007 at BBC News
- Official video showing Tony Blair celebrating 100 years of the Scout movement at Downing St[dead link]
- Hansard – Prime Ministers Question Time, 27 June 2007 – Official transcript of Tony Blair's final appearance in the Commons containing a mix of day to day business, tributes, quips and light hearted put downs.
- Portraits of Tony Blair at the National Portrait Gallery, London
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| New title Constituency reestablished
|
Member of Parliament for Sedgefield 1983–2007 |
Succeeded by Phil Wilson |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Bryan Gould |
Shadow Minister for Trade 1987–1988 |
Succeeded by Robin Cook |
| Preceded by John Prescott |
Shadow Secretary of State for Energy 1988–1989 |
Succeeded by Frank Dobson |
| Preceded by Michael Meacher |
Shadow Secretary of State for Employment 1989–1992 |
|
| Preceded by Roy Hattersley |
Shadow Home Secretary 1992–1994 |
Succeeded by Jack Straw |
| Preceded by Margaret Beckett |
Leader of the Opposition 1994–1997 |
Succeeded by John Major |
| Preceded by John Major |
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1997–2007 |
Succeeded by Gordon Brown |
| Minister for the Civil Service 1997–2007 |
||
| First Lord of the Treasury 1997–2007 |
||
| Preceded by Jean-Claude Juncker |
President of the European Council 2005 |
Succeeded by Wolfgang Schüssel |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Margaret Beckett Acting |
Leader of the Labour Party 1994–2007 |
Succeeded by Gordon Brown |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Bill Clinton |
Chairperson of the Group of 8 1998 |
Succeeded by Gerhard Schröder |
| Preceded by George W. Bush |
Chairperson of the Group of 8 2005 |
Succeeded by Vladimir Putin |
| Order of precedence in England and Wales | ||
| Preceded by Stephen Dorrell |
Gentlemen | Succeeded by Andrew Morritt |
| Order of precedence in Scotland | ||
| Preceded by Stephen Dorrell |
Gentlemen | Succeeded by Andrew Morritt |
| Order of precedence in Northern Ireland | ||
| Preceded by Stephen Dorrell |
Gentlemen | Succeeded by Andrew Morritt |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Blair, Tony |
| Alternative names | Blair, Anthony Charles Lynton |
| Short description | Politician; Former Prime minister of the United Kingdom |
| Date of birth | 6 May 1953 |
| Place of birth | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tony_Blair
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://es.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://ru.wn.com/Блэр, Тони
http://cs.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://pt.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://pl.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://hi.wn.com/टोनी ब्लेयर
http://it.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://id.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://nl.wn.com/Tony Blair
http://fr.wn.com/Tony Blair
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Artie Shaw | |
|---|---|
 Artie Shaw in Second Chorus (1940) |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Arthur Jacob Arshawsky |
| Born | (1910-05-23)May 23, 1910 New York City, New York, United States |
| Died | December 30, 2004(2004-12-30) (aged 94) Thousand Oaks, California, United States |
| Genres | Swing, big band |
| Occupations | Bandleader, composer |
| Instruments | Clarinet |
| Years active | 1925–2004 |
Arthur Jacob Arshawsky (May 23, 1910 – December 30, 2004), better known as Artie Shaw, was an American clarinetist, composer, and bandleader. He was also the author of both fiction and non-fiction writings.
Widely regarded as "one of jazz's finest clarinetists",[1] Shaw led one of America's most popular big bands of the late 1930s and early '40s. Their signature song, a 1938 version of Cole Porter's "Begin the Beguine", was a wildly successful single and one of the era's defining recordings. Musically restless, Shaw was also an early proponent of Third Stream, which blended classical and jazz, and recorded some small-group sessions that flirted with be-bop before retiring from music in 1954.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born Arthur Jacob Arshawsky in New York City, Shaw grew up in New Haven, Connecticut, where, according to his autobiography[2] his natural introversion was deepened by local antisemitism. Shaw began learning the saxophone when he was 13 years old, and by the age of 16, he switched to the clarinet and left home to tour with a band. Returning to New York, he became a session musician through the early 1930s. From 1925 until 1936, Shaw performed with many bands and orchestras, including those of Johnny Caverello and Austin Wylie. In 1929 and 1930 he played with Irving Aaronson's Commanders, where he was exposed to symphonic music, which he would later incorporate in his arrangements.
Shaw first gained critical acclaim with his "Interlude in B-flat" at a swing concert at the Imperial Theater in New York in 1935.[3] During the swing era, his big band was popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine" (1938), "Stardust" (with a trumpet solo by Billy Butterfield), "Back Bay Shuffle", "Moonglow", "Rosalie" and "Frenesi". He was an innovator in the big band idiom, using unusual instrumentation; "Interlude in B-flat", where he was backed with only a rhythm section and a string quartet, was one of the earliest examples of what would be later dubbed third stream.[4]
In addition to hiring Buddy Rich, he signed Billie Holiday as his band's vocalist in 1938, becoming the first white bandleader to hire a full-time black female singer to tour the segregated Southern US.[4] However, after recording "Any Old Time" she left the band due to hostility from audiences in the South, as well as from music company executives who wanted a more "mainstream" singer.[4] His band became enormously successful, and his playing was eventually recognized as equal to that of Benny Goodman: longtime Duke Ellington clarinetist Barney Bigard cited Shaw as his favorite clarinet player.[5] In response to Goodman's nickname, the "King of Swing", Shaw's fans dubbed him the "King of the Clarinet." Shaw, however, felt the titles were reversed. "Benny Goodman played clarinet. I played music", he said.[6] In 1938 DownBeat Magazine's readers agreed with Shaw's evaluation and named Artie Shaw as the King of Swing.[7]
Shaw prized innovation and exploration in music more highly than popular success and formulaic dance music, despite a string of hits which sold more than 100 million records.[3] He fused jazz with classical music by adding strings to his arrangements, experimented with bebop, and formed "chamber jazz" groups that utilized such novel sounds as harpsichords or Afro-Cuban music.
The long series of musical groups Shaw formed included such talents as vocalists Billie Holiday, Helen Forrest and, Mel Tormé; drummers Buddy Rich and Dave Tough, guitarists Barney Kessel, Jimmy Raney, and Tal Farlow and trombonist-arranger Ray Conniff, among countless others. He composed the morose "Nightmare", with its Hassidic nuances, for his personal theme, rather than more approachable songs. In a televised interview of the 1970s, Shaw derided the often "asinine" songs that bands were compelled to play night after night. In 1994, he told Frank Prial (The New York Times), "I thought that because I was Artie Shaw I could do what I wanted, but all they wanted was 'Begin the Beguine.' " [8]
Pacific overtures[link]
During World War II, Shaw enlisted in the United States Navy and later formed a band, which served in the Pacific theater (just as Glenn Miller's wartime band served in Europe). After 18 months playing for Navy personnel (sometimes as many as four concerts a day in battle zones, including Guadalcanal), Shaw returned to the U.S. in a state of physical exhaustion, receiving a medical discharge.[9] In the late 1940s, Shaw performed classical music at Carnegie Hall and with the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein.
Like Benny Goodman and other leaders of big bands, Shaw fashioned a small group from within the band. He named it the Gramercy Five after his home telephone exchange.[3] Band pianist Johnny Guarneri played a harpsichord on the quintet recordings and Al Hendrickson played an electric guitar, which was unusual in jazz recordings of the time. Trumpeter Roy Eldridge later became part of the group, succeeding Billy Butterfield. The Gramercy Five's biggest hit was "Summit Ridge Drive". A CD of The Complete Gramercy Five sessions was released in 1990.
Throughout his career, Shaw would take sabbaticals from the music business. This included studying advanced mathematics, as cited in Karl Sabbagh's The Riemann Hypothesis. His first interregnum, at the height of his success, was met with disbelief by booking agents. They predicted that Shaw would not only be abandoning a million-dollar enterprise but that nightclub and theater owners would sue him for breach of contract. Shaw's offhand response was, "Tell 'em I'm insane. A nice, young American boy walking away from a million dollars, wouldn't you call that insane?"[citation needed]
In 1954, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet, citing his own perfectionism, which, he later said, would have killed him. He explained to a reporter, "In the world we live in, compulsive perfectionists finish last. You have to be Lawrence Welk, or, on another level, Irving Berlin, and write the same kind of music over and over again. I'm not able to do that."[10] He spent the rest of the 1950s living in Europe.
In 1981, he organized a new Artie Shaw Band with clarinetist Dick Johnson as bandleader and soloist. Shaw himself guest conducted from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.
After Canadian filmmaker Brigitte Berman interviewed Shaw, Hoagy Carmichael, Doc Cheatham and others for her documentary film Bix: Ain't None of Them Play Like Him Yet (1981) about Bix Beiderbecke, she went on to create an Academy Award-winning documentary, Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've Got (1985), featuring her interviews with Shaw, Buddy Rich, Mel Tormé, Helen Forrest and others. Later in 2003, along with members of his original bands and other music professionals, Shaw was extensively interviewed by Russell Davies for the BBC Television documentary, Artie Shaw — Quest for Perfection, which became his last major interview.
In 1991, Artie Shaw's band library and manuscript collection was donated to the University of Arizona. In 2004, he was presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Personal life[link]
.jpg)
A self-proclaimed "very difficult man,"[11] Shaw was married eight times: Jane Cairns (1932–33; annulled); Margaret Allen (1934–37; divorced); actress Lana Turner (1940; annulled); Betty Kern (1942–43; divorced), the daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern; actress Ava Gardner (1945–46; divorced); Forever Amber author Kathleen Winsor (1946–48; annulled); actress Doris Dowling (1952–56; divorced); and actress Evelyn Keyes (1957–85; divorced).[12] He had one son, Steven Kern, with Betty Kern, and another son, Jonathan Shaw (a well-known tattoo artist who founded Fun City Tattoo), with Doris Dowling.[12] Both Lana Turner and Ava Gardner later described Shaw as being extremely emotionally abusive. His controlling nature and incessant verbal abuse in fact drove Turner to have a nervous breakdown, soon after which she divorced him.[13]
In 1946, Shaw was present at a meeting of the Independent Citizens' Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions. Olivia de Havilland and Ronald Reagan, part of a core group of actors and artists who were trying to sway the organization away from communism, presented an anti-communist declaration which, if signed, was to run in newspapers. There was bedlam as many rose to champion the communist cause, and Artie Shaw began praising the democratic standards of the Soviet constitution.[14] In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activities Committee for his leftist activities. The committee was investigating a peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a communist front.
He was a precision marksman, ranking fourth in the United States in 1962,[3] as well as an expert fly fisherman. In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of Thousand Oaks, California. Shaw had long suffered from adult onset diabetes and eventually died of complications of the disease at age 94.[15] In 2005, Shaw's eighth wife, Evelyn Keyes, sued Shaw's estate, claiming that she was entitled to one-half of Shaw's estate pursuant to a contract to make a will between them. In July 2006, a Ventura, California jury unanimously held that Keyes was entitled to almost one-half of Shaw's estate, or $1,420,000.[16]
Radio[link]
Shaw did many big band remotes, and he was often heard from the Blue Room of New York's Hotel Lincoln. It was the location of his only regular radio series as headliner.[3] Sponsored by Old Gold cigarettes, Shaw broadcast on CBS from November 20, 1938 until November 14, 1939.
At the height of his popularity, Shaw reportedly earned $60,000 per week.[3] For a comparison, George Burns and Gracie Allen were each making US $5,000 per week during the year the Artie Shaw Orchestra provided the music for their radio show.[17] He also acted on the show as a love interest for Gracie Allen.[18]
Shaw's recording of "Nightmare" was used as the theme soundtrack for BBC Radio's adaptation of the Philip Marlowe novels by Raymond Chandler.
Films, TV and fiction[link]
Shaw made several musical shorts in 1939 for Vitaphone and Paramount Pictures. He portrayed himself in the Fred Astaire film, Second Chorus (1940), which featured Shaw and his orchestra playing "Concerto for Clarinet." The film brought him two Oscar nominations, one for Best Score and one for Best Song ("Love of My Life").[19] He collaborated on the love song "If It's You" sung by Tony Martin in the Marx Brothers' film, The Big Store (1941). In 1950 he was a mystery guest on What's My Line?, and during the 1970s he made appearances on The Mike Douglas Show and The Tonight Show.
Many of his recordings have been used in motion pictures. His recording of "Stardust" was used in its entirety in the closing credits of the film The Man Who Fell to Earth. Martin Scorsese also used the Shaw theme song, "Nightmare", in his Academy Award-winning Howard Hughes biopic, The Aviator.
He credited his time in the Navy as a period of renewed introspection.[2] He entered psychoanalysis and began to pursue a writing career. His autobiography, The Trouble With Cinderella: An Outline of Identity, was published in 1952 (with later reprint editions in 1992 and 2001). Revealing downbeat elements of the music business, Shaw explained that "the trouble with Cinderella" is "nobody ever lives happily ever after."[2] He turned to semi-autobiographical fiction with the three short novels in I Love You, I Hate You, Drop Dead! (1965, reprinted in 1997), which prompted Terry Southern's comment: "Here is a deeply probing examination of the American marital scene. I flipped over it!"[20] Shaw's short stories, including "Snow White in Harlem," were collected in The Best of Intentions and Other Stories (1989). He worked for years on his 1000-page autobiographical novel, The Education of Albie Snow, but the three-volume work remains unpublished. Currently, through Curtis International Associates, the Artie Shaw Orchestra is still active.
References[link]
- ^ "Artie Shaw". AllMusic. http://allmusic.com/artist/artie-shaw-p7522/discography/compilations. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ a b c Shaw, Artie (1952). The Trouble with Cinderella. Farrar, Straus and Young. ISBN 1-56474-020-X
- ^ a b c d e f White, John. Artie Shaw. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004. ISBN 0-8264-6915-9
- ^ a b c Greene, Meg. Billie Holiday: A Biography. Greenwood Pres, 2006. ISBN 0-313-33629-6
- ^ Zwerin, Mike. "Remembering Artie Shaw". 23 January 2005. http://www.culturekiosque.com/jazz/portrait/artie_shaw.html. Accessed 2009-06-30.
- ^ Jenkins, Todd. "The Last Post: Artie Shaw". 2004. http://www.jazzhouse.org/gone/lastpost.php3?edit=1104549577. Accessed 2009-06-30.
- ^ 1938 DownBeat Readers Poll. http://www.downbeat.com/default.asp?sect=stories&subsect=story_detail&sid=744.
- ^ Prial, Frank J. "At Home with: Artie Shaw; Literary Life, After Ending the Beguine", The New York Times, August 18, 1994.
- ^ Susman, Gary. "Goodbye". Entertainment Weekly, January 3, 2005.
- ^ Freedland, Michael. "'Jazz is like jumping off a cliff'". Telegraph, 15 March 2001.
- ^ Wadler, Joyce. "Artie Shaw, Without Music". New York Times, 5 January 2005.
- ^ a b "Artie Shaw". Telegraph, 1 January 2005.
- ^ Turner, Lana (1982). Lana; The Lady, The Legend, The Truth. Dutton Adult; 1st edition. pp. 40–49. ISBN ISBN 978-0525241065.
- ^ Meroney, John (September 7, 2006). "Olivia de Havilland Recalls Her Role -- in the Cold War". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB115757993223555601-lMyQjAxMDE2NTA3NzUwNzc5Wj.html.
- ^ "Jazz giant Artie Shaw dies at age 94". Associated Press, 31 December 2004.
- ^ "Artie Shaw's ex-wife gets half of estate". USA Today, 25 July 2006.
- ^ "Business & Finance: Nat & Googie". TIME Magazine, 30 January 1933
- ^ "Dismuke's Hit of the Week". 20 January 2005. http://www.dismuke.org/how/prev1-05.html
- ^ Wilson, Jeff. "Artie Shaw, 94: Top bandleader of swing era". Toronto Star, 30 December 2004.
- ^ "Books". The Artie Shaw Foundation. http://web.archive.org/web/20080615221645/http://www.artieshaw.com/books-ily.html via the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2011-2-7.
External links[link]
- Artie Shaw at the Internet Movie Database
- Biography at swingmusic.net
- Swing Bandleader, Clarinetist Artie Shaw Dies, The Washington Post, December 31, 2004
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Shaw, Artie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American musician |
| Date of birth | May 23, 1910 |
| Place of birth | New York City |
| Date of death | December 30, 2004 |
| Place of death | Thousand Oaks, California |
http://wn.com/Artie_Shaw
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Шоу, Арти
http://nl.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://pt.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://de.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://fr.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://it.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://pl.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://cs.wn.com/Artie Shaw
http://es.wn.com/Artie Shaw
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artie_Shaw
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
