IMI Uzi
The IMI Uzi submachine gun.
Type	Submachine Gun
Place of origin	Israel
Service history
Used by	See Users
Wars	Suez Crisis Six-Day War Vietnam War Yom Kippur War Colombian internal conflict Sri Lankan Civil War Portuguese Colonial War Falklands War South African Border War Rhodesian Bush War Somali Civil War Mexican Drug War
Production history
Designer	Uziel Gal[1]
Designed	1948
Manufacturer	Israel Military Industries FN Herstal Norinco Lyttleton Engineering Works (under Vektor Arms) RH-ALAN
Produced	1950–present
Number built	10,000,000+[2]
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Weight	3.5 kg (7.72 lb)[1]
Length	640 mm (25 in) stock extended[1] 470 mm (18.5 in) stock collapsed
Barrel length	260 mm (10.2 in)[1]
Cartridge	9x19mm Parabellum .22 LR .45 ACP .41 AE
Action	Blowback,[1] Open bolt
Rate of fire	600 rounds/min[1]
Muzzle velocity	400 m/s[3]
Effective range	200 m[4]
Feed system	10 (.22 and .41 AE) 16 (.45 ACP) 20,25,32,40,50 (9MM) magazines
Sights	Iron sights

The Uzi (Hebrew: עוזי‎, officially cased as UZI) is a family of Israeli open bolt, blowback-operated submachine guns. Smaller variants are considered to be machine pistols. The Uzi was one of the first weapons to use a telescoping bolt design which allows for the magazine to be housed in the pistol grip for a shorter weapon.

The first Uzi submachine gun was designed by Major Uziel Gal in the late 1940s. The prototype was finished in 1950; first introduced to IDF special forces in 1954, the weapon was placed into general issue two years later. The Uzi has found use as a personal defense weapon by rear-echelon troops, officers, artillery troops and tankers, as well as a frontline weapon by elite light infantry assault forces.

The Uzi has been exported to over 90 countries.^[2] Over its service lifetime, it has been manufactured by Israel Military Industries, FN Herstal, and other manufacturers. From the 1960s through the 1980s, Uzi submachine guns were sold to more military and police markets than any other submachine gun ever made.^[5]

Design[link]

The Uzi uses an open bolt, blowback-operated design, a design not seen since the Type II machine pistol. The open bolt design exposes the breech end of the barrel, and improves cooling during periods of continuous fire; however, it means that since the bolt is held to the rear when cocked, the receiver is more susceptible to contamination from sand and dirt ingress. It and the Czechoslovak series 23 to 26 were the first weapons to use a telescoping bolt design, in which the bolt wraps around the breech end of the barrel.^[6] This allows the barrel to be moved far back into the receiver and the magazine to be housed in the pistol grip, allowing for a heavier, slower-firing bolt in a shorter, better-balanced weapon.^[5]

The weapon is constructed primarily from stamped sheet metal, making it less expensive per unit to manufacture than an equivalent design machined from forgings. With relatively few moving parts, the Uzi is easy to strip for maintenance or repair. The magazine is housed within the pistol grip, allowing for intuitive and easy reloading in dark or difficult conditions, under the principle of 'hand finds hand'. The pistol grip is fitted with a grip safety, making it difficult to fire accidentally. However, the protruding vertical magazine makes the gun awkward to fire when prone.^[6] The Uzi features a bayonet lug.^[7]

When the gun is de-cocked, the ejector port closes, preventing entry of dust and dirt. Though the Uzi's stamped-metal receiver is equipped with pressed reinforcement slots to accept accumulated dirt and sand, the weapon can still jam with heavy accumulations of sand in desert combat conditions when not cleaned regularly.^[8]

Operational use[link]

An Israeli soldier with an Uzi during the Yom Kippur War

Israeli soldiers armed with Uzis at Independence Day

The Uzi gun was designed by Major (Captain at the time) Uziel Gal of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The weapon was submitted to the Israeli army for evaluation and won out over more conventional designs due to its simplicity and economy of manufacture. Gal did not want the weapon to be named after him, but his request was ignored. The Uzi was officially adopted in 1951. First introduced to IDF special forces in 1954, the weapon was placed into general issue two years later. The first Uzis were equipped with a short, fixed wooden buttstock, and this is the version that initially saw combat during the 1956 Suez campaign. Later models would be equipped with a folding metal stock.^[8]

The Uzi was used as a personal defense weapon by rear-echelon troops, officers, artillery troops and tankers, as well as a frontline weapon by elite light infantry assault forces. The Uzi's compact size and firepower proved instrumental in clearing Syrian bunkers and Jordanian defensive positions during the 1967 Six-Day War. Though the weapon was phased out of frontline IDF service in the 1980s, some Uzis and Uzi variants were still used by a few IDF units until December 2003, when the IDF announced that it was retiring the Uzi from all IDF forces.^[9] It was subsequently replaced by the fully automatic Micro Tavor.

In general, the Uzi was a reliable weapon in military service. However, even the Uzi fell victim to extreme conditions of sand and dust. During the Sinai campaign of the Yom Kippur War, IDF army units reaching the Suez reported that of all their small arms, only the 7.62 mm FN MAG machine gun was still in operation.^[10]

The Uzi proved especially useful for mechanized infantry needing a compact weapon, and for infantry units clearing bunkers and other confined spaces. However, its limited range and accuracy in automatic fire (approximately 50 m) could be disconcerting when encountering enemy forces armed with longer-range small arms, and heavier support weapons could not always substitute for a longer-ranged individual weapon. These failings eventually caused the phaseout of the Uzi from IDF forces.^[9]

The Uzi has been used in various conflicts outside Israel and the Middle East during the 1960s and 1970s. Quantities of 9 mm Uzi submachine guns were used by Portuguese cavalry, police, and security forces during the Portuguese Colonial Wars in Africa.^[8]

Worldwide arms sales[link]

Secret Service agents cover President Ronald Reagan during the assassination attempt by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981. Notice the Secret Service agent holding the Uzi in case of further attack.

Total sales of the weapon to date (end 2001) has netted IMI over $2 billion (US), with over 90 countries using the weapons either for their armed forces or in law enforcement.^[5]

• The German Bundeswehr used the Uzi since 1959 under the name MP2 (especially for tank crews) and is now changing to the Heckler & Koch MP7.
• The Irish Gardaí ERU are replacing the Uzi with the HK MP7.
• In Rhodesia in the late 1970s the Uzi was produced under license, from Israeli-supplied, and later made in Rhodesia, components.
• Sri Lanka ordered a few thousand Mini Uzi and Uzi Carbines in 1990s. Currently those are deployed with Sri Lanka Army, Sri Lanka Navy Elite Forces and Sri Lanka Police Special Task Force as their primary weapon when providing security for VIPs.
• The United States Secret Service used the Uzi as their standard submachine gun from the 1960s until the early 1990s, when it was phased out and replaced with the Heckler & Koch MP5 and FN P90. When President Ronald Reagan was shot on March 30, 1981 outside of the Washington Hilton Hotel by John Hinckley Jr., Secret Service Special Agent Robert Wanko pulled an Uzi out of a briefcase and covered the rear of the presidential limousine as it sped to safety with the wounded president inside.^[5]
• All merchant mariners of the Zim Integrated Shipping line are trained in the use of, and issued, the Uzi.^[11]

Military variants[link]

The Uzi Submachine Gun is a Standard Uzi with a 10-inch (250 mm) barrel. It has a rate of automatic fire of 600 rounds per minute (rpm) when chambered in 9mm Parabellum; the .45 ACP model's rate of fire is slower at 500 rpm.^[8]

The Mini-Uzi is a smaller version of the regular Uzi, first introduced in 1980. The Mini-Uzi is 600 mm (23.62 inches) long or 360 mm (14.17 inches) long with the stock folded. Its barrel length is 197 mm (7.76 inches), its muzzle velocity is 375 m/s (1230 f/s) and its effective range is 100 m. It has a greater automatic rate of fire of 950 rounds per minute due to the shorter bolt.^[8]

The Micro-Uzi is an even further scaled down version of the Uzi, introduced in 1986. The Micro-Uzi is 486 mm long, reduced to 282 mm with the stock folded and its barrel length is 117 mm.^[12] Its muzzle velocity is 350 m/s (1148 f/s) and its cyclic rate of fire is 1,200 rpm.^[8]

The Uzi-Pro is an improved variant of the Micro-Uzi has been launched in the year 2010 by Israel Weapon Industries Ltd. (I.W.I.), formerly the Magen ("Small Arms") division of Israel Military Industries. The Uzi-Pro is a blowback-operated, select-fire, closed-bolt submachine gun with a large lower portion, comprising grip and handguard, entirely made of polymer to reduce weight; the grip section has been redesigned to allow two-handed operation and facilitate control in full-automatic fire with such a small-sized firearm. The Uzi-Pro features three Picatinny rails, two at the sides of the barrel and one on the top for optics, having the cocking handle been moved on the left side.^[13] The new weapon weighs 2.32 kg and has a length of 529 mm with an extended stock,^[14] and 30 cm while collapsed. It has been purchased by the IDF in limited numbers for evaluation and it is yet to decide whether to order additional units for all of its special forces.^[14][15]

Civilian variants[link]

The Uzi Carbine is similar in appearance to the Uzi submachine gun, the Uzi carbine is fitted with a 16-inch (410 mm) barrel (400mm), to meet the minimum rifle barrel length requirement for civilian sales in the United States. It fires from a closed-bolt position in semi-automatic mode only and uses a floating firing pin as opposed to a fixed firing pin.^[10] A small number of Uzi Carbines were produced with the standard length barrel for special markets. Uzi Carbines were available in calibers 9mm, .41 AE, and .45 ACP.

The Uzi Carbine had two main variants, the Model A (imported from 1980 to 1983) and the Model B (imported from 1983 until 1989). These two variants were imported and distributed by Action arms.^[10]

Norinco of China manufactures an unlicensed copy of the Uzi model B with modifications made to avoid the US Assault Weapon Import Ban. The folding stock was replaced with a wooden thumbhole stock, the barrel nut was welded in place, and the bayonet lug was removed. The gun had a gray parkerized finish and was sold as the M320.^[16]

The Mini-Uzi Carbine is similar in appearance to the Mini-Uzi submachine gun, the Mini-Uzi carbine is fitted with a 19.8 inch barrel, to meet the minimum rifle overall length requirement for civilian sales in the United States. It fires from a closed-bolt position in semi-automatic mode only.^[10]

The Uzi Pistol is a semi-automatic, closed bolt, and blowback-operated pistol variant. Its muzzle velocity is 345 m/s. It is a Micro-Uzi with no shoulder stock or full-automatic firing capability. The intended users for the pistol were various security agencies in need of a high-capacity semi-automatic pistol, or civilian shooters that wanted a gun with those qualities and the familiarity of the Uzi style. It was introduced in 1984 and produced until 1993.^[8]

A company known as Vector Arms has built and marketed "pistol versions" of the Uzi Carbine and the Mini-Uzi. These versions lack a shoulder stock and have a shorter barrel.^[17]

Caliber variants[link]

Most Uzis fire the 9x19mm Parabellum cartridge, though some fire .22 LR, .41 AE, or .45 ACP. Caliber conversions exist in .40 S&W and 10 mm auto.^[18]

Available magazines include 20-, 25-, 32-, 40-, and 50-round magazines (9x19mm Parabellum), 10-round magazines (.41 and .22 LR), and 16-round magazines (.45 ACP). All of the above are manufactured by IMI. Other high-capacity magazines exist (e.g., 50-round magazines and 100-round drums in 9 mm) which were manufactured by companies such as Vector Arms.

Users[link]

A visit, board, search and seizure team attached to the Brazilian Navy frigate Independencia rappels onto a ship from a Brazilian Navy Lynx helicopter during an exercise in 2007.

A Nigerien soldier with an Uzi.

•  Algeria^[19]
•  Angola^[19]
•  Argentina^[20]
•  Australia^[21][22]
•  Bangladesh: Used by the Rapid Action Battalion.^[23]
•  Belgium: Made under license by FN Herstal.^[1][24]
•  Bolivia^[19]
•  Brazil:^[21] Mini-Uzi variant.^[19]
•  Central African Republic^[19]
•  Chad^[19][25]
•  China: Produced unlicensed copies as the Norinco 320.^{[citation needed]}
•  Chile^[19]
•  Colombia^[19]
•  Croatia: Produces unlicensed copies of the Uzi and Micro-Uzi called the ERO and Mini ERO respectively.^[19][26]
•  Democratic Republic of Congo^[19]
•  Dominican Republic^[19]
•  Ecuador^[19][25]
•  El Salvador^[19]
•  Eritrea^[19]
•  Estonia: Uses the Mini-Uzi variant.^[27]
•  Ethiopia^[19]
•  France^[21]
•  Gabon^[19]
•  Germany:^[1] Made under license as MP2. Replaced by the HK MP7.^{[citation needed]}
•  Guatemala^[19][25]
•  Haiti: Uzi and Mini-Uzi variants used by Haitian National Police.^[19]
•  Honduras: Uzi and Mini-Uzi variants.^[19]
•  India: Uzi variant was used by the Special Protection Group until 2008, when it was replaced with the FN P90.^[28] Micro-Uzi variant is used by Indian Army Para Commandos.^{[citation needed]}
•  Indonesia^[19]
•  Iran^[1]
•  Ireland:^[21] Used by the Regional Support Unit.^[29]
•  Israel: Uzi and Mini-Uzi variants.^[19] Mini-Uzi variant was used by the YAMAM elite unit and Shin Bet.^[30]
•  Italy: The Mini-Uzi variant results by official schedules to be in the inventories of the Italian National Police.^[31] A local version called the Type 821-SMG was manufactured from 1984 to 1989 by the SOCIMI - Società Costruzioni Industriali Milano, S.p.A. in Milan.
•  Kenya^[19][25]
•  Liberia^[19]
•  Lithuania: Lithuanian Armed Forces.^[32]
•  Luxembourg^[19]
•  Malta^[19]
•  Netherlands^[1][33] (replaced)
•  Nicaragua^[19]
•  Niger^[19]
•  Nigeria^[19]
•  Panama^[19]
•  Paraguay^[19][25]
•  Peru: Uzi, Mini-Uzi, and Micro-Uzi variants.^[19]
•  Poland: Uzi and Mini-Uzi are used by Government Protection Bureau and GROM.^{[citation needed]}
•  Philippines^[19]
•  Portugal: Portuguese Army.^[19][34]
•  Rhodesia: Manufactured under license.^[35]
•  Romania: Mini-Uzi variant is used by the Military Police.^[36]
•  Rwanda^[19]
•  Somalia^[19]
•  South Africa:^[25] Manufactured under license.
•  Sri Lanka^[19]
•  Sudan^[19]
•  Suriname^[19]
•  Swaziland^[19]
•  Syria^[21]
•  Taiwan^[19]
•  Thailand^[1][19]
•  Togo^[19]
•  Tonga^[37]
•  Tunisia^[19]
•  Uganda^[19]
•  United States^[10][21]
•  Uruguay^[19]
•  Venezuela^[1][19]
•  Vietnam: People's Army news(Báo Quân đội nhân dân) informed that Technical Department of Special Operation Command (Sapper) had a project to design and manufacture calibration device for MARS attached on Micro UZI^[38]
•  Zimbabwe^[19]

Gallery[link]

• 

  An Uzi submachine gun.

• 

  A Mini-Uzi.

• 

  Uzi with suppressor.

• 

  Uzi with fixed wooden buttstock.

• 

  Uzi and MP 40.

• 

  9mm from Uzi

• 

  An Uzi pistol.

• 

  An Uzi seized during Operation Urgent Fury

See also[link]

• Economy of Israel
• List of Israeli inventions and discoveries
• List of submachine guns

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Uzi

• Israel Weapon Industries (IWI): Mini Uzi & Micro Uzi
• The Official Uzi Website
• Uzi History, Reference Material, Parts, Discussion Forum
• Uzi in Parts (German)
• Video of suppressed Uzi being fired
• Video of operation on YouTube (Japanese)

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