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Rabbi Ralph Kreger, BCC with a chaplain at Lenox Hill Hospital (part of the NSLIJ health system)

Traditionally, a chaplain is a minister in a specialized setting such as a priest, pastor, rabbi, imam, humanist chaplain or lay representative of a world view attached to a secular institution such as a hospital, prison, military unit, police department, university, or private chapel. Though originally the word "chaplain" referred to representatives of the Christian faith,^[1] it is now applied to men and women of other religions or philosophical traditions–such as in the case of the humanist chaplains serving with military forces in the Netherlands and Belgium.^[2] In recent years many lay individuals have received professional training in chaplaincy and are now appointed as chaplains in schools, hospitals, universities, prisons and elsewhere to work alongside or instead of official members of the clergy.^[3]

Types of chaplains[link]

Military[link]

A Catholic chaplain ministers to American Marines and Sailors in Tikrit, Iraq

A chaplain provides pastoral (spiritual) and emotional support for service personnel, including the conduct of religious services at sea or in the field. Military chaplains have a long history; the first English military-oriented chaplains, for instance, were priests on board proto-naval vessels during the 8th century. Land based chaplains appeared during the reign of King Edward I. The current form of military chaplain dates from the era of the First World War.

Chaplains are nominated, appointed, or commissioned in different ways in different countries. A military chaplain can be an army-trained soldier with additional theological training or a priest nominated to the army by religious authorities. In the United Kingdom the Ministry of Defence employs chaplains but their authority comes from their sending church. Royal Navy chaplains undertake a 16 week bespoke induction and training course including a short course at Britannia Royal Naval College and specialist fleet time at sea alongside a more experienced chaplain. Naval Chaplains called to service with the Royal Marines undertake a grueling 5 month long Commando Course and, if successful, wear the commandos' Green Beret. British Army chaplains undertake seven weeks training at The Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Amport House and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Royal Air Force chaplains must complete 12 weeks Specialist Entrant course at the RAF College Cranwell followed by a Chaplains' Induction Course at Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre Amport House of a further 2 weeks. In the United States military, chaplains must be endorsed by their religious affiliation in order to serve in any facet of the military.^[4][5]

French soldiers of the UNIFIL assisting to a Catholic mass in Lebanon.

Jewish Chaplain (Rabbi) Arnold E. Resnicoff wears a kippa/yarmulke made from a piece of a Catholic chaplain's camouflage uniform after his own head covering had become bloodied when it was used to wipe the face of a wounded Marine during the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing.

Military Chaplains are normally accorded officer status, although Sierra Leone had a Naval Lance Corporal chaplain in 2001. In most navies, their badges and insignia do not differentiate their levels of responsibility and status. By contrast, in Air Forces and Armies, they typically carry ranks and are differentiated by crosses or other equivalent religious insignia. However, United States military chaplains in every branch carry both rank and Chaplain Corps insignia.

Though the Geneva Conventions do not state whether chaplains may bear arms, they specify (Protocol I, 8 June 1977, Art 43.2) that chaplains are noncombatants. In recent years both the UK and US have required chaplains, but not medical personnel, to be unarmed. Other nations, notably Norway, Denmark and Sweden, make it an issue of individual conscience. Captured chaplains are not considered Prisoners of War (Third Convention, 12 August 1949, Chapter IV Art 33) and must be returned to their home nation unless retained to minister to prisoners of war.

A U.S. Navy chaplain in Iraq studies his Bible for an upcoming service.

Inevitably, a significant number of serving chaplains have died in action. The U.S. Army and Marines lost 100 chaplains killed in action during WWII: a casualty rate greater "than any other branch of the services except the infantry and the Army Air Corps" (Crosby, 1994, pxxiii). Many have been decorated for bravery in action (five have won Britain's highest award for gallantry, the Victoria Cross). The Chaplain's Medal for Heroism is a special U.S. military decoration given to military chaplains who have been killed in the line of duty, although it has to date only been awarded to the famous Four Chaplains, all of whom died in the USAT Dorchester sinking in 1943 after giving up their lifejackets to others. In addition to these, four other U.S. chaplains have been awarded the Medal of Honor: Chaplain (LCDR) Joseph T. O'Callahan, USN (World War II); Chaplain (LT) Vincent Capodanno, USN (Posthumous, Vietnam War); Chaplain (MAJ) Charles J. Watters, USA (Posthumous, Vietnam War); and Chaplain (CPT) Angelo J. Liteky, USA (Vietnam). (Later in life, Liteky changed his name to Charles, left the Catholic priesthood, became an anti-war activist, and renounced his Medal of Honor).

The United States European Command has co-sponsored an annual International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference every year since 1991.

At times, the existence of military chaplains has been challenged in countries that have a separation of Church and State.^[6][7]

Prison[link]

The Chortkiv Remand Prison Chapel of St. John. Ukraine 2008.

The State has the twofold responsibility about crime and punishment: to discourage behavior that is harmful to human rights and the fundamental norms of civil life, and to repair, through the penal system, the disorder created by criminal activity. Judicial and penal institutions play a fundamental role in protecting citizens and safeguarding the common good. By their very nature these institutions must contribute to the rehabilitation of offenders. So, prisons are a reality of any society. But, quite often, prison causes more problems than it solves.

The manifold complexity of prison chaplaincy was explained by Dr. /Measuring_Chaplaincy.htm Measuring Prison Chaplaincy]. Dr. Vance Drum wrote and presented a paper at the American Correctional Association on the nature of the professional prison Generally speaking, prisoners are often persons excluded, aborted from society. Prisoners easily can be overwhelmed by feelings of isolation, shame and rejection that threaten to shatter their hopes and aspirations for the future. Within this contex

Rabbi Philip R. Alstat, c.1920, Jewish chaplain for "The Tombs" -- the Manhattan Correctional Facility -- for thirty years.

Rabbi Philip R. Alstat (1891–1976), who—in addition to work as a chaplain in New York hospitals and senior citizen facilities—served for three decades as the Jewish chaplain for "The Tombs", the Manhattan Detention Facility, once described his service as follows: "My goals are the same as those of the prison authorities--to make better human beings. The only difference is that their means are discipline, security, and iron bars. Mine are the spiritual ministrations that operate with the mind and the heart."^[8]

Parliamentary[link]

House Speaker John Boehner and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi present a flag flown over the U.S. Capitol to Fr. Daniel Coughlin in recognition for his 11 years of service as Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, April 2011

Some nations, including the United States, have chaplains appointed to work with parliamentary bodies, such as the Chaplain of the United States Senate, and the Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. In addition to opening proceedings with prayer, these chaplains provide pastoral counseling to congressional members, their staffs, and their families; coordinate the scheduling of guest chaplains, who offer opening prayers; arrange and sometimes conduct marriages, memorial services, and funeral services for congress, staff, and their families; and conduct or coordinate religious services, study groups, prayer meetings, holiday programs, and religious education programs, as well.

Law Enforcement[link]

This section has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page. (March 2011)

Law Enforcement Chaplains serve in local, county, state and federal agencies and provide a variety of services within the law enforcement community.^[9] They should not be confused with Prison Chaplains, whose primary ministry is to those who are incarcerated either awaiting trial or after conviction. The role of the Law Enforcement Chaplain deals primarily with Law Enforcement personnel and agencies. The chaplain responds to these unique needs and challenges with religious guidance, reassuring and trustworthy presence, resources and counseling services.^[9] The Law Enforcement chaplain offers support to Law Enforcement Officers, Administrators, Support Staff, Victims and their families, and occasionally even the families of accused or convicted offenders.^[9]

Fire Department[link]

Chaplains working with fire department provide the same kind of support to firefighters as do chaplains working with law enforcement, and sometimes face even greater danger, working with the wounded in often very dangerous surroundings.

At the scene of the September 11 attacks on New York's World Trade Center, for example, Franciscan Friar fire chaplain, Fr. Mychal F. Judge, lost his life when he re-entered one of the World Trade Center buildings, shortly after administering last rites to a wounded firefighter.^[10]

Healthcare[link]

Many hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and hospices employ chaplains to assist with the pastoral and emotional needs of patients, families and staff. Chaplains are often employed at senior citizen facilities and retirement homes as well.

In the United States, health care chaplains who are board certified have completed a minimum of four units of Clinical Pastoral Education training through the The American Association of Pastoral Counselors, Association for Clinical Pastoral Education or The College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy and may be certified by one of the following organizations: The American Association of Pastoral Counselors, The Association of Professional Chaplains, The National Association of Catholic Chaplains, The National Association of Jewish Chaplains, or The College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy. Certification typically requires a Masters of Divinity degree (or its equivalent), faith group ordination or commissioning, faith group endorsement, and four units (1600 hours) of Clinical Pastoral Education (the Military Chaplains Association of the United States of America does require more, but they are a dod2088 501c-3 military support group founded in 1954 by Military Chaplains).^[11]

In Canada, Health Care Chaplains may be certified by the Canadian Association for Spiritual Care.

In England, Health Care Chaplains are employed by their local NHS Trust or by charities associated with hospice. The majority work part-time, combining their role with another post, either in a local Church or another chaplaincy. The professional body in England is the College of Health Care Chaplains. In Scotland and Northern Ireland, the bodies are the Scottish Association of Chaplains in Healthcare (SACH) and the Northern Ireland Healthcare Chaplains Association. Membership of the College of Health Care Chaplains is not compulsory but may be advantageous as it carries with it membership of a Trade Union. Chaplains working in a palliative care setting may also choose to join the Association of Hospice and Palliative Care Chaplains.

Corporate[link]

Some businesses, large or small, employ chaplains for their staff and/or clientele. According to The Economist (August 25, 2007, p64) there are 4,000 corporate chaplains in the U.S. alone, with the majority being employees of specialist chaplaincy companies such as Marketplace Chaplains USA or Corporate Chaplains of America. According to the Marketplace Chaplains USA, turnover at Taco Bell outlets in central Texas dropped by a third after they started employing chaplains. Workplace Chaplain organizations, such as Marketplace Chaplains Europe and Capellania Empresarial in Paraguay have been established outside the US.

Sports[link]

A sports chaplain provides pastoral care for the sports person and the broader sports community including the coach, administrators and their families.

Chaplains to sports communities have existed since the middle of the 20th century and have significantly grown in the past 20 years. The United States, United Kingdom and Australia have well established Christian sports chaplaincy ministries.

Sports Chaplains consist of people from many different walks of life. Most commonly, the chaplains are ministers or full time Christian workers but occasionally, chaplaincy work is done without charge or any financial remuneration. Often, sports chaplains to a particular sport are former participants of that sport. This helps the chaplain to not only provide spiritual support and guidance to a player, but gives them the ability to empathize and relate to some of the challenges facing the participant with whom they are ministering.

Domestic[link]

A domestic chaplain was a chaplain attached to a noble household in order to grant the family a degree of self-sufficiency in religion. The chaplain was freed from any obligation to reside in a particular place so could travel with the family, internationally if necessary, and minister to their spiritual needs. Further, the family could appoint a chaplain who reflected their own doctrinal views. Domestic chaplains performed family christenings, funerals and weddings and were able to conduct services in the family's private chapel, excusing the nobility from attending public worship.^[12]

In feudal times most laymen, and for centuries even most noblemen, were poorly educated and the chaplain would also be an important source of scholarship in the household, tutoring children and providing counsel to the family on matters broader than religion.^[12] Before the advent of the legal profession, modern bureaucracy and civil service, the literate clergy were often employed as secretarial staff, as in a chancery.^{[citation needed]} Hence the term clerk, derived from Latin clericus (clergyman).^{[citation needed]} This made them very influential in temporal affairs. There was also a moral impact since they heard the confessions of the elite.^{[citation needed]}

The domestic chaplain was an important part of the life of the peerage in England from the reign of Henry VIII to the middle of the 19th century. Up until 1840, Anglican domestic chaplains were regulated by law and enjoyed the substantial financial advantage of being able to purchase a license to hold two benefices simultaneously while residing in neither.^[12]

Many monarchies and major noble houses had, or still have, several domestic or private chaplains as part of their Ecclesiastical Household, either following them or attached to a castle or other residence. Queen Elizabeth II has 36 Anglican chaplains, in addition to chaplains extraordinary and honorary chaplains appointed to minister to her. Castles with attached chaplains generally had at least one Chapel Royal, sometimes as significant as a cathedral. A modern example is St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, also the home of the Order of the Garter.^{[citation needed]}

Education[link]

Chaplains are appointed by many educational institutions, including colleges and universities, sometimes working directly for the institution, and sometimes as representatives of separate organizations that specifically work to support students, such as Hillel College Campus Ministry for Jews, and Newman House, College Campus Ministry, for Catholics. The National Association of College and University Chaplains works to support the efforts of many of these chaplains, helping chaplains minister to the individual faith of students, faculty, and staff, while promoting interreligious understanding. Chaplains often also oversee programs on campus that foster spiritual, ethical, religious, and political and cultural exchange, and the promotion of service.

Other[link]

Chaplain’s Office, York Railway Station.

There are also Animal Chaplains, and chaplains to emergency services agencies, private clubs, television or radio stations, groups such as Boys and Girls Brigade companies and Scout troops, airports, cruise ships, nightclubs, private companies, and theaters. The term can also refer to priests attached to Roman Catholic convents.

There is also the position of Chaplain of His Holiness, a title granted by the Pope to certain priests who become part of the Papal Household and work with the Papal Chapel. Prior to 1968 they were called Supernumerary Privy Chamberlains.

Music[link]

Many musical bands (especially Christian bands) bring a chaplain with them while they are on tour to conduct services if they are not around a church at the moment. There can also be chaplains who minister concert-goers at music festivals.

Chaplains in media[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Father Francis Duffy, famed chaplain of the U.S. 69th Infantry Regiment in World War I was a central character portrayed by Pat O'Brien in the 1940 Warner Brothers Movie The Fighting 69th.

Father Barry was a waterfront priest played by Karl Malden, who was shamed into fomenting violence against the union/mob in the classic movie On the Waterfront, directed by Elia Kazan and starring Marlon Brando, Rod Steiger, and Eve Marie Saint.

Chaplains have appeared as characters in several works of fiction about historical and imagined militaries. Father Mulcahy, a character in the M*A*S*H novels, film, and TV series, is a well known fictional chaplain.

In addition, Chaplains have been featured in mass media channels, such as the popular comic strip Doonesbury, authored by Pulitzer Prize–winning author Garry Trudeau. The Rev. Scot Sloan is a character in Doonesbury inspired by real people: Stanford's Dean for Religious Life, Scotty McLennan, along with his mentor, former Yale Chaplain William Sloane Coffin.

The Chaplain is also a key figure in Albert Camus' novel L'Etranger ("The Stranger", sometimes called "The Outsider").

The profession of military chaplaincy is reflected in several major works of world literature, such as in the Herman Melville novella Billy Budd, Jaroslav Hasek's novel The Good Soldier Švejk, and Joseph Heller's novel Catch-22.

Jewish chaplains have been featured as main characters in books such as Herbert Tarr's The Conversion of Chaplain Cohen (which also includes an excellent portrayal of the U.S. Air Force Chaplain School experience), and Chaim Potok's The Book of Lights.

In the brutal dystopian future of Warhammer 40,000, Chaplains are Space Marine warrior priests. They are typically the most pious and zealous warriors in a Space Marine chapter and always fight at the forefront of an engagement.

Chaplains serve as combat soldiers in the Mobile Infantry from Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers.

The life of Dr. Lonnie Pepper, a fictional corporate chaplain, is detailed in a novel written by Mark Cress called The Third Awakening.

In the television series V, one of the main characters, Father Jack, is mentioned as having served as a military chaplain before the series.

Gallery[link]

• 

  Monument to Chaplain Father Francis Duffy in Times Square (click for obverse text)

• 

  Samuel Provoost, First Chaplain of the Continental Congress, 1789

• 

  'Four Chaplains' stained glass window, U.S. Pentagon

• 

  A hospitalized man receives communion from a chaplain, Guadalajara, Mexico

• ChaplainSaif Bush.jpg

  President George W. Bush congratulates Navy Chaplain, Imam Abuhena Saifulislam, the first U.S. Navy Muslim chaplain assigned to the Marine Corps

• 

  Religious Services 1st Cav AKA Thy Rod and They Staff, They Comfort Me by Paul Rickert, U. S. Army Vietnam Combat Artists Program, Team IX (CAT I 1966). Courtesy National Museum of the U. S. Army.

See also[link]

• Almoner
• Minister
• Priest
• Ukraine prison ministry
• United States military chaplain symbols

References[link]

• "chaplain", Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary

Further reading[link]

• Paul Alexander (2008). Peace to War: Shifting Allegiances in the Assemblies of God. Telford, PA: Cascadia Publishing/Herald Press. This book contains a scholarly analysis of the impact of Pentecostal military chaplaincy during the 20th century.
• Bergen, Doris. L., (ed), 2004. The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century. University of Notre Dame Press ISBN 0-268-02176-7
• Gibson, W. (1997). A Social History of the Domestic Chaplain, 1530-1840. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0093-8. 
• Nay, Robert. "The Operational, Social, Religious Influences Upon The Army Chaplain Field Manual, 1926–1952".
• Norman, James (2004). At the Heart of Education: School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care. Dublin: Veritas Publications. ISBN 1-85390-752-9.
• Paget, Naomi & McCormack, Janet (2006). The Work of the Chaplain. Valley Forge: Judson Press. ISBN 0-8170-1499-5.
• Smith, John C. Chaplain. International Chaplains Association.
• VandeCreek, Larry & Lucas, Art (2001). The Discipline for Pastoral Care Giving: Foundations for Outcome Oriented Chaplaincy. Binghamton: The Haworth Press. ISBN 0-7890-1345-2.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chaplains

James J. Yee.

James J. Yee (Chinese: 余百康 or 余优素福, also known by the Arabic name Yusuf Yee) (born c. 1968) is an American former United States Army chaplain with the rank of captain. He is best known for being subject to an intense investigation by the United States, but all charges were later dropped.

Yee, a Chinese American, was born in New Jersey and raised in Springfield Township,^[1] where he attended Jonathan Dayton High School.^[2] Yee graduated from West Point in 1990. Shortly afterward, he converted from Lutheran Christianity^[3] to Islam in 1991, undergoing religious training in Syria and meeting his wife Huda, a Palestinian, with whom he now has one child.^[4]

Guantanamo[link]

In his appointed role as chaplain, Yee ministered to Muslim detainees held at Guantánamo Bay detention camp and received commendation from his superiors for his work.^[5] When returning from duty at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, he was arrested on September 10, 2003, in Jacksonville, Florida, when a U.S. Customs agent found a list of Guantanamo detainees and interrogators among his belongings.^[6] He was charged with five offenses: sedition, aiding the enemy, spying, espionage, and failure to obey a general order. These charges were later reduced to mishandling classified information in addition to some minor charges.^[6] He was then transferred to a United States Navy brig in Charleston, South Carolina. The government did not name the country or entity for whom it suspected Yee was spying.

All court-martial charges against Yee were dropped on March 19, 2004, with Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Miller "citing national security concerns that would arise from the release of the evidence,"^[7] and he was released to resume his duties. Yee was then accused of adultery and storing pornography on a government computer; and non-judicial punishment under Article 15, UCMJ was imposed. His appeal to General Hill, Commander, United States Southern Command, was granted in April 2004. He left the US military with an honorable discharge in January, but he is still seeking an apology.

Yee was a sometime supervisor of former US Air Force Airman Ahmad Al Halabi, who was subsequently court-martialed for his misconduct.

After Guantanamo[link]

In October 2005 Yee published his book, For God and Country: Faith and Patriotism Under Fire.^[8][9] In it, Yee writes that he was kept in solitary confinement for seventy-six days, and that he was forced to undergo sensory deprivation. He also wrote that General Geoffrey Miller routinely incited the guards to hate the detainees. He alleges being told of mistreatment of prisoners.^[10] Yee argues that most of the detainees had little or no intelligence value about Osama bin Laden or al-Qaida's inner circle:

The people down in Guántanamo probably know as much about Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida as any private in the military would know what's going on inside the Pentagon.

In July 2006, Yee was stopped at the border while returning from a trip to Vancouver, British Columbia, to see Cirque du Soleil. It was Yee's first trip outside the U.S. since he was discharged from the army. He was detained at the border for 75 minutes. Yee commented, "Perhaps this is an indication I'm still of interest to the federal government."^[11]

On October 19, 2007, Syrian television broadcast its interview with Yee, in Arabic, where he discussed Koran desecration on the part of the U.S. military.^[12]

In December 2007 Yee made a statement on Australian Guantanamo Bay inmate David Hicks, who he regularly counselled while working at Guantanamo Bay. He said that he did not feel Hicks was a threat to Australia, and that "Any American soldier who has been through basic training has had 50 times more training than this guy."^[13]

Yee was a delegate to the 2008 Democratic National Convention from the 9th Congressional District of the state of Washington, pledged to support Barack Obama, and actually cast a nominating ballot.^[14]

Yee has spoken about what he witnessed at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to audiences around the world.^[15]

References[link]

External links[link]

• JusticeForYee.com
• Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly Deborah Potter interview PBS October 7, 2005
• Fmr. Army Chaplain James Yee on the Abuse of Prisoners at Guantánamo, His Wrongful Imprisonment and Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the Military - Democracy Now (audio/video) (1 hour)
• The Strange Case of Chaplain Yee, New York Review of Books (December 15, 2005)
• Suspicion in the Ranks, Seattle Times
• 余上尉父母纽约筹款 chinapressnewyork.com.
• Mercury News article on the dropping of charges against Yee
• USA Today cover story on the dropping of charges
• The Ordeal of Chaplain Yee USA Today. (May 16, 2004)
• Muslim U.S. Army Chaplain Resigning, Wants Apology, Reuters. (Aug 3, 2004)
• How Dubious Evidence Spurred Relentless Guantánamo Spy Hunt, New York Times. (Dec 19, 2004)
• Muslim Chaplain Recalls Guantánamo Ordeal, Newsday, October 4, 2005 (or [1]
• American Muslim Armed Forces and Veteran Affairs Council (AMAF and VAC)
• Download MP3 or listen to James Yee interviewed by The Progressive magazine

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

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Rear Admiral (Retired) Barry C. Black
62nd Chaplain of the United States Senate
In office July 7, 2003 – Incumbent
Preceded by	Lloyd J. Ogilvie
22nd Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy
In office August 2000 – August 15, 2003
Preceded by	A. Byron Holderby, Jr.
Succeeded by	Louis V. Iasiello
Personal details
Born	(1948-11-01) November 1, 1948 (age 63) Baltimore, Maryland
Spouse(s)	Brenda Pearsall Black (m. 1973)
Religion	Seventh-day Adventist
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1976–2003
Rank	Rear Admiral

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Barry C. Black (born November 1, 1948) is the 62nd Chaplain of the United States Senate. He was elected to this position on June 27, 2003, becoming the first African-American and the first Seventh-day Adventist to hold this office. The Senate elected its first chaplain in 1789.

He served for over 27 years as a chaplain in the United States Navy, rising to the rank of Rear Admiral and ending his career as the Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy, the senior chaplain of the United States Navy Chaplain Corps. He officially retired from the Navy on August 15, 2003.

Naval career[link]

Commissioned as a Navy Chaplain in 1976, Black’s first duty station was the Fleet Religious Support Activity in Norfolk, Virginia. Subsequent assignments include:

• Naval Support Activity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
• U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland;
• First Marine Aircraft Wing, Okinawa, Japan;
• Naval Training Center, San Diego;
• USS Belleau Wood, Long Beach, California;
• Naval Chaplains School Advanced Course, Newport, Rhode Island;
• Marine Aircraft Group THIRTY-ONE, Beaufort, South Carolina;
• Assistant Staff Chaplain, Chief of Naval Education and Training, Pensacola, Florida; and
• Fleet Chaplain, U.S. Atlantic Fleet, Norfolk, Virginia.
• Chief of United States Navy Chaplain Corps

His military awards include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal (two medals), Meritorious Service Medals (two awards), Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals (two awards), and numerous unit awards, campaign, and service medals.

Personal information[link]

Black is a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and an alumnus of Oakwood University, Andrews University, North Carolina Central University, Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary (now known as Palmer Theological Seminary), Salve Regina University and the United States International University (now known as Alliant International University). In addition to earning Masters degrees in Divinity, Counseling, and Management, he has received a Doctorate degree in Ministry and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Psychology.

He is the author of "From the Hood to the Hill," released August 22, 2006.

Black has been honored in a number of ways for his achievements. He was chosen from 127 nominees for the NAACP's Renowned Service Award (1995) for his contribution to equal opportunity and civil rights. He also received the 2002 Benjamin Elijah Mays Distinguished Leadership Award from the Morehouse School of Religion. In 2004, the Old Dominion University chapter of the NAACP conferred the Image Award, "Reaffirming the Dream – Realizing the Vision" for military excellence on Black.

Black is married to the former Brenda Pearsall of St. Petersburg, Florida; they have three sons: Barry II, Brendan, and Bradford.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Barry Black

Biography portal

• United States Senate – Barry Black
• United States Navy Chaplain Corps – Rear Admiral Black's Remarks at His Retirement as Chief of Navy Chaplains
• Black, Barry. "Expecting the Unexpected: An excerpt from the book "From the Hood to the Hill"". Adventist Review. http://www.adventistreview.org/article.php?id=938. Retrieved 2010-01-30. 
• C-SPAN Q&A interview with Black, October 25, 2009

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Wintley Augustus Phipps, Sr. (born January 7, 1955) was born in Trinidad and Tobago. Phipps is an ordained Seventh-day Adventist minister,^[1] world-renowned vocal artist, and innovative initiator of special projects such as the US Dream Academy.^[2] He features a "booming baritone" voice, usually singing inspirational gospel music.^[3]

He also founded Songs of Freedom Publishing Company and Coral Records Recording Company. Mr. Phipps has been the featured speaker and performer at many notable occasions around the world.

Biography[link]

Wintley Phipps, at an early age, moved to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He attended Kingsway College, a Seventh-day Adventist Christian Academy, and later Oakwood University in Huntsville, Alabama where he received a Bachelors of Arts degree in Theology. Phipps would later go on to earn a Masters of Divinity degree from Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan. Wintley Phipps served as senior pastor to several churches in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, including the Capitol Hill and Seabrook Seventh-Day Adventist Churches. He currently serves as Pastor of the Palm Bay Seventh-day Adventist Church in Palm Bay, Florida. Wintley is married to Linda Galloway, whom he met at Oakwood.^[1] They have three sons: Wintley Augustus, Jr., Winston Adriel, and Wade Alexander.

Notable performances[link]

He has performed for American Presidents Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama at several National Prayer Breakfast events and other distinguished celebrations.^[1] He performed for: the 1984,^[4] and 1988^[5] National Democratic Conventions, Rosa Parks' 77th Birthday gala at the Kennedy Center,^[6] Mother Teresa of Calcutta^[7], and President Nelson Mandela^[7]. He has appeared on various programs such as the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. television special, Dr. Robert Schuller's Hour of Power Telecast, the Billy Graham Crusades, at the Vatican,^[7] was guest soloist at Diana Ross' wedding ceremony in Switzerland,^[4] Saturday Night Live^[8], Soul Train, and the Oprah Winfrey Show. He has also conducted lectures in Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa and North and South America.

U.S. Dream Academy, Inc[link]

In 1998, Phipps founded and created the U.S. Dream Academy, Inc.,^[1] a non-profit organization dedicated to providing a values-based, interactive, tutorial and remedial education program targeted at children and youth-at-risk through community Family Learning Centers located in various states. Seeing a need, Phipps wanted something to help break the cycle he saw played out so many times in his own family. Wintley formed the U.S. Dream Academy to help children who've had a family member behind bars. The program provides mentoring, academic tutoring, and exposure to computers and the Internet. Wintley says, "Just the computers themselves are not going to transform the lives of these kids," and "The most important part of our program is really the caring, loving adults who surround them."

The academy has garnered recognition from Oprah Winfrey and former President Bill Clinton.^[9]