- published: 31 May 2010
- views: 2923
- author: Taurexor
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- Afro-Dutch
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Argentina
Argentina
i/ˌɑrdʒənˈtiːnə/, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina [reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]), is a country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations.
Argentina's continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, as well as overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
A recognised middle power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms. Analysts have argued that the country has a "foundation for future growth due to its market size, levels of foreign direct investment, and percentage of high-tech exports as share of total manufactured goods", and it is classed by investors as middle emerging economy. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
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Artois
Artois (French pronunciation: [aʁtwa]; adjective Artesian; Dutch: Artesië) is a former province of northern France. Its territory has an area of around 4000 km² and a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras (Dutch: Atrecht), Saint-Omer, Lens and Béthune.
Artois occupies the interior of the Pas-de-Calais département, the western part of which constitutes the former Boulonnais. Artois roughly corresponds to the arrondissements of Arras, Béthune, Saint Omer, and Lens, and the eastern part of the Arrondissement of Montreuil. It occupies the western end of the coalfield which stretches eastward through the neighbouring Nord département and across central Belgium.
Originally a feudal county itself, Artois was annexed by the county of Flanders. It came to France in 1180 as a dowry of a Flemish princess, Isabelle of Hainaut, and was again made a separate county in 1237 for Robert, a grandson of Isabelle. Through inheritance, Artois came under the rule of the dukes of Burgundy in 1384. At the death of the fourth duke, Charles the Bold, Artois was inherited by the Habsburgs and passed to the dynasty's Spanish line. After the religious revolts of 1566 in the Netherlands, Artois briefly entered the Dutch Revolt in 1576, participating in the Pacification of Ghent until it formed the Union of Atrecht in 1579. After the Union of Atrecht, Artois and Hainaut (Dutch: Henegouwen) reached a separate agreement with Philip II. Artois remained with the Spanish Netherlands until it was conquered by the French during the Thirty Years War. The annexation was acknowledged during the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, and it became a French province. Though Artois had already been largely French-speaking, it was considered part of the Netherlands until the French annexation.
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Belgium
Belgium (i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Brazil
Brazili/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, 
listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Brussels
Brussels (French: Bruxelles, pronounced [bʁysɛl] (
listen); Dutch: Brussel, pronounced [ˈbrʏ.səɫ] ( listen); German: Brüssel, pronounced [ˈbʁyː.səl]), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (help·info), Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (help·info)), is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union (EU). It is also the largest urban area in Belgium, comprising 19 municipalities, including the municipality of the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium, in addition to the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne into a metropolis of more than one million inhabitants. The metropolitan area has a population of over 1.8 million, making it the largest in Belgium.
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been a main centre for international politics. Hosting principal EU institutions as well as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the city has become the polyglot home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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County of Hainaut
The County of Hainaut (French: Comté de Hainaut, Dutch: Graafschap Henegouwen) was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons (Bergen). In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault.
It consisted of what is now the Belgian province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French département Nord. In Roman times, Hainaut was situated in the Roman provinces of Belgica and Germania Inferior and inhabited by Celtic tribes, until Germanic peoples replaced them and ended Roman Imperial rule. Its most important cities were Mons (Bergen), Cambrai (Kamerijk) and Charleroi. Today the historic county of Hainaut is territorially divided between Belgium and France.
The County of Hainaut (pronounced: ĕ nō') arose about 900 in the Lotharingia region, when Duke Reginar I of Lorraine, a grandson of Frankish Emperor Lothair I, appeared as a "Count of Hainaut". After the death of the last Carolingian king in East Francia, Louis the Child in 911, Reginar joined the West Frankish realm under King Charles the Simple. His son and successor Duke Gilbert in 925 in turn submitted himself to the German king Henry the Fowler, whereafter the Duchy of Lotharingia remained a part of the German kingdom at the border with France.
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Duchy of Limburg
The Duchy of Limburg, situated in the Low Countries between the river Meuse and the city of Aachen, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory is now divided between the Belgian provinces of Liège (northeastern part) and Limburg (for example Voeren and Rekem), the Dutch province of Limburg (southern part), and a small part of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany (for example Herzogenrath).
Its most important cities were Limbourg, the capital, and Eupen. Linguistically Limburg was situated on the border of Germanic with Romance Europe. While in the northern and eastern districts Limburgish and Ripuarian dialects were spoken, the southwestern part around Herve was dominated by Walloon.
In Roman times, Limburg was at first situated in the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, but the region extending from the Scheldt to the Rhine, was soon split out to become part of Germania Inferior, with its capital at Cologne, later reorganized as Germania Secunda. Within this area, the future Duchy was within the Civitas Tungrorum, the polity of the Tungri, with its capital at Tongeren. When Julius Caesar first entered this area and took it under Roman control it was inhabited by a group of Belgic Gaulish tribes, the Condrusi, Eburones, Caeraesi, and Paemani, who were referred to collectively as the Germani cisrhenani. They were in contact with both Gaulish and Germanic peoples. The language they spoke is not certain, and it is also not certain to what extent these earlier tribes can be equated to the Tungri, found in this same area only a few generations later, who are generally accepted to be speakers of a Germanic language. (Tacitus says that the Tungri used to be called the Germani and that other uses of the term are based on their old name.)
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East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst.ˈflaːn.də.rə(n)] ( listen), French: (Province de) Flandre-Orientale, German: Ostflandern) is a province of Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) on the Netherlands and in Belgium on the provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant (both in Flanders), of Hainaut (Wallonia) and of West Flanders (Flanders). It has an area of 2,991 km² which is divided into six administrative districts (arrondissementen in Dutch) containing 65 municipalities. The provincial population is 1,408,484 and the capital is Ghent.
The flag has a black lion with red tongue and claws, on a background of horizontal white and green stripes. This is a recent adaptation. The flag of East-Flanders used to be the same as that of the Flanders region; a black lion on a yellow background. The old flag is still publicly used, e.g. for road signs.
The provincial parliament, Provincieraad, has 84 members. Six people chosen by and from the parliament are the deputies, bestendige deputatie, and form the daily government. The daily government is led by the governor, who is appointed by the Flemish government.
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Flanders
Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen (help·info)) is the (political) community of the Flemings, one of the communities of Belgium, and also a geographical region located in parts of present-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands.
"Flanders" can also refer to the northern part of Belgium that contains Brussels, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp. Over the course of history, the geographical territory that was called "Flanders" has varied. In the second half of the twentieth century, there has been a gradual shift of political and economic power from French-speaking Wallonia (which was industrialized earlier) to the Flemish.
To the English-speaking peoples, Flanders meant historically (from circa 1000 AD) the land situated along the North Sea from the Strait of Dover to the Scheldt estuary. The southern borders were generally ill-defined. Over the last millennium, it was mostly the southern and western borders that receded to give the present day borders within northern Belgium.
Flanders has figured prominently in European history. Between the early 17th century and 1945, the political outcomes of modern Spain, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria were often decided by battles on the plains of Flanders. Even earlier in British and Irish history, the Flemings (or Flemish) were important allies of the Normans in their conquest of England (1066) and invasion of Ireland (1169–71).
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Fosses
Coordinates: 49°05′56″N 2°30′27″E / 49.0989°N 2.5075°E / 49.0989; 2.5075
Fosses is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Givet
Coordinates: 50°08′20″N 4°49′30″E / 50.1389°N 4.825°E / 50.1389; 4.825
Givet (French pronunciation: [ʒi.vɛ]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France very close to the Belgian border. It lies on the river Meuse where Emperor Charles V built the fortress of Charlemont.
Later on, another building was added to the fort, the Caserne Rougé, the longest barracks of France at that time, named after Pierre François, Marquis de Rougé, general of the French armies k.a. 1761.
The town's history claims that Saint Hubert lived there in 720 and performed a miracle. The town has changed hands several times since the Roman era before becoming part of France in 1678, and was later invaded by Russians and Germans.
In World War II, Givet was occupied by the Germans on May 12, 1940. The city was liberated September 7, 1944. By December 1944, 11,000 American soldiers were billeted in the ancient Charlemont fortress. The German Ardennes Offensive targeted Givet and its crossing of the Meuse. The British, under Montgomery, organized a last-ditch defense, and on 24 December, the German drive was stopped about 10 kilometers from Givet.
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Gosselies
Gosselies is a section of the Belgian town of Charleroi within the Walloon region in the Province of Hainaut. It was a municipality of its own before the merger of the municipalities in 1977. Gosselies is the home for the headquarters of Caterpillar Belgium, and Solar Turbines Europe.
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Jemappes
Jemappes (in older texts also: Jemmape and Jemmapes) is a Walloon town in south-western Belgium, province Hainaut. Since 1976, it is part of the city Mons. Jemappes is known for the Battle of Jemappes between the French and Austrian armies in 1792.
During the French occupation of Belgium (1792–1814), there was a département named after the Battle of Jemappes, see Jemmape. Jemappes was also a battleground in the First World War.
Old Town Hall.
Coordinates: 50°27′N 3°53′E / 50.45°N 3.883°E / 50.45; 3.883
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Lodelinsart
Lodelinsart is a section of the Belgian town of Charleroi within the Walloon region in the Province of Hainaut. It was a commune of its own before the merger of the communes in 1977.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (i/ˈlʌksəmbɜrɡ/ LUKS-əm-burg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg, French: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, German: Großherzogtum Luxemburg, Dutch: Groothertogdom Luxemburg), is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland ("good country") in the south. Luxembourg has a population of over half a million people in an area of approximately 2,586 square kilometres (998 sq mi). A representative democracy with a constitutional monarch, it is ruled by a grand duke. It is now the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy. The country has a highly developed economy, with the world's highest GDP (nominal) per capita according to the IMF. Its historic and strategic importance dates back to its founding as a Roman era fortress site and Frankish count's castle site in the Early Middle Ages. It was an important bastion along the Spanish Road when Spain was the principal European power influencing the whole western hemisphere and beyond in the 16th–17th centuries.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Quebec
Coordinates: 53°45′N 071°59′W / 53.75°N 71.983°W / 53.75; -71.983 (Quebec)
Quebec /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/ (French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. It is bordered on the south by the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.
Quebec is Canada's second most populous province, after Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Sturgeon Bay
Sturgeon Bay is an arm of Green Bay extending southeastward approximately 10 miles into the Door Peninsula at the city of Sturgeon Bay, located approximately halfway up the Door Peninsula. The bay is connected to Lake Michigan by the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal. Three bridges cross the bay, including the historic Sturgeon Bay Bridge, and the recently finished Oregon Street Bridge.
Coordinates: 44°51′15″N 87°23′40″W / 44.85417°N 87.39444°W / 44.85417; -87.39444
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Uppland
Uppland ( listen (help·info)) is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic sea. It has an extremely short and strangely shaped land border with Åland, an autonomous province of Finland, on the small uninhabited island of Märket in the Baltic.
The name literally means up land, a name which is commonly encountered in especially older English literature. Its Latinised form, which is occasionally used, is Uplandia.
The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purposes, but are historical and cultural entities. The corresponding administrative county, or län, is Uppsala County, which occupies the larger part of the territory. The bulk of the population, however, is within Stockholm County. Minor parts of the province are also in Västmanland County, Gävleborg County and Södermanland County.
Arms granted in 1560. Historically Uppland ranked as a duchy and the coat of arms is represented with a dukal coronet. Blazon: "Gules, a Royal Orb Or gemmed of the field and Azure with the cross bottoned Argent." Despite the fact that the Uppsala län has a different name and a smaller territory it was granted the same coat of arms in 1940.
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Wallonia
Wallonia (French: Wallonie [wa.lɔ.ni], German: Wallonie(n), Dutch: Wallonië [wɐˈloːnɪə] ( listen) or [βɐˈloːnɪə], Walloon: Walonreye) is the predominantly French-speaking southern region of Belgium. It is governed as the Walloon Region, which makes up 55% of the territory of Belgium but with only a third of its population. Contrary to the situation in Flanders, the Walloon Region was not merged with the French Community of Belgium, a political level responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education. The small German-speaking minority in the east forms the German-speaking Community of Belgium, which has its own government and parliament for culture-related issues. The demonym for Wallonia is Walloon.
During the industrial revolution, Wallonia trailed only the United Kingdom in industrialization, capitalizing on its extensive deposits of coal and iron. This brought the region wealth, and, from the beginning of the 19th to the middle of the 20th centuries, Wallonia was the more prosperous half of Belgium. Since World War II, however, the importance of heavy industry has greatly declined, and the Flemish Region surpassed Wallonia in wealth as Wallonia economically declined. Wallonia now suffers from high unemployment and has a significantly lower GDP per capita than Flanders. The economic inequalities and linguistic divide between the two are major sources of political conflict in Belgium.
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Walloon Brabant
Walloon Brabant (French: Brabant wallon, Dutch: Waals-Brabant (help·info), Walloon: Roman Payis) is a province of Wallonia in Belgium. It borders on (clockwise from the North) the province of Flemish Brabant (Flemish Region) and the provinces of Liège, Namur and Hainaut (Wallonia). Its capital is Wavre. It has an area of 1,093 km² and contains only one administrative district (arrondissement in French), the Arrondissement of Nivelles, with 27 municipalities.
Walloon Brabant was created in 1995 when the former Province of Brabant was split into three parts: two new provinces, Walloon Brabant and Flemish Brabant; and the Brussels Capital Region, which no longer belongs to any province. The split was made to accommodate the federalisation of Belgium in three regions (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels).
The provincial population was recorded at 347,423 in January 1999, giving a population density of 318 inhabitants / km²
The history of Brabant is at Brabant; see also Duke of Brabant.
Nivelles District:
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West Flanders
West Flanders (Dutch: West-Vlaanderen [ˌβ̞ɛst.ˈflaːn.də.rə(n)] ( listen); West Flemish: West Vloandern; French: (Province de) Flandre-Occidentale; German: Westflandern) is the westernmost province of the Flemish Region, also named Flanders, in Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) on the Netherlands, the Flemish province of East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen) and the Walloon province of Hainaut (Henegouwen) in Belgium, on France, and the North Sea. Its capital is Bruges (Brugge). Other important cities are Kortrijk in the south and Ostend along the coastline. The province has an area of 3,125 km² which is divided into eight administrative districts (arrondissementen) containing 64 municipalities.
The whole Belgian North Sea coast, an important tourism destination, lies in West Flanders. A tram line runs the length of the coast, from De Panne on the French border to Knokke-Heist on the Dutch frontier.
West Flanders consists of the North Sea coast, followed by a very flat polder landscape. Only in the south are some small hills, with the Kemmelberg (159 m) being the highest point in the province. The Leie and IJzer are the main rivers. West Flanders is the only Belgian province that borders both France and The Netherlands.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal. This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.
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Östergötland
Östergötland, English exonym: East Gothland, is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (landskap in Swedish) in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland, and the Baltic Sea. In older English literature, one might also encounter the Latinized version, Ostrogothia. The corresponding administrative county, Östergötland County covers the entire province and parts of neighbouring provinces.
From 1560, Östergötland was represented with two separate coat-of-arms seals until 1884, when the current one was granted. The coat of arms is represented with a dukal coronet. Blazon: "Gules a Griffin with Dragon Wings, Tail and Tongue rampant Or armed, beaked, langued and membered Azure between four Roses Argent."
From west to east, in the middle parts, extends the Östgöta Plain (Östgöta-slätten). It is largely agricultural. In the southern part of the province, the terrain becomes marked by the south-Swedish highlands, with hills and countless lakes. The northern parts are also hilly, and are otherwise dominated by forests.
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Adolphe Sax
Antoine-Joseph "Adolphe" Sax (6 November 1814 – c. 4 February 1894) was a Belgian musical instrument designer and musician who played the flute and clarinet, and is best known for having invented the saxophone.
Adolphe Sax was born in Dinant in Wallonia, Belgium. His father, Charles-Joseph Sax, was an instrument designer himself, who made several changes to the design of the horn. Adolphe began to make his own instruments at an early age, entering two of his flutes and a clarinet into a competition at the age of fifteen. He subsequently studied those two instruments at the Royal School of Singing in Brussels.
Having left the school, Sax began to experiment with new instrument designs, while his father continued to produce conventional instruments to bring money into the household. Adolphe's first important invention was an improvement of the bass clarinet design, which he patented at the age of twenty-four.
In 1841, Sax relocated permanently to Paris, and began work on a new set of instruments that were exhibited there in 1844. These were valved bugles, and although he had not invented the instrument itself, his examples were so much more successful than those of his rivals that they became known as saxhorns. They range in approximately seven different sizes, and paved the path to the creation of the flugelhorn. Today, they are widely used in concert bands and sometimes in orchestras. The saxhorn also laid the groundwork for the modern euphonium.
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Alexandre Gendebien
Alexandre Joseph Célestin Gendebien (Mons, 4 May 1789 - Brussels, 6 December 1869) was a lawyer in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and later Belgium, where we also became minister of Justice.
He played an important role during the Belgian Revolution, together with his colleague Sylvain Van de Weyer. He was a proponent of Belgian union with France, and adversary of William I of the Netherlands.
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André Renard
André Renard (Valenciennes 25 May 1911 - Seraing 20 July 1962), was the leader of an important tendency in the Walloon tradeunionism
During the World War II, a left-wing syndicalist faction grew up in the underground labour movement, opposed to close ties with any political parties André Renard was the leader of this faction. He gives his name to the Renardism which is also, both ideologically and pragmatically, the programm of the most important part of the Walloon Movement since the general strike of the winter of 1960-1961 in Wallonia. This strike was managed by the General Federation of Belgian Labour, at least its Walloon components.
In July 1950, Léopold III of Belgium came back to Belgium. On his return to Belgium in 1950, he was met with the General strike against Leopold III of Belgium. As Secretary-General of the General Federation of Belgian Labour, Renard made this statement for Le Soir: From today , the words insurrection and revolution will have for us a practical sense. We will use them in our daily life vocabulary.
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Baron Empain
Édouard Louis Joseph, Baron Empain (20 September 1852 - 22 July 1929) was a wealthy Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist.
Empain was born at Belœil, Belgium, and was the son of schoolteacher François Julien Empain and his wife Catherine (née Solivier). He went into business with his brother, Baron François Empain and other family members, and amassed a great fortune.
Empain began his career a draughtsman at a metallurgical company, Société métallurgique, in 1878, and became involved in railway construction when he noticed that transport infrastructure in the countryside was inadequate. After success in Belgium with the Liege-Jemeppe line, his companies developed several railway lines in France, including the creation of the Paris Métro.
Because he felt that he depended too much on the banks for his industrial plans, in 1881 he founded his own bank, Banque Empain, which later became the Belgian Industrial Bank ("Banque Industrielle Belge"). The Empain group of companies expanded greatly throughout the 1890s, constructing electric urban tramlines in Europe, Russia, China, the Belgian Congo, and in Cairo, Egypt. Desiring to also be independent of electricity producers, Empain also was involved in forming a number of electricity companies to power his projects.
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Charles Plisnier
Charles Plisnier (1896 – 1952) was a Belgian writer from Wallonia. He was a Communist in his youth and briefly belonged to the Trotskyist movement in the late 1920s.
He disavowed communism, and became a Roman Catholic, remaining nevertheless a Marxist. He turned to literature, writing family sagas against bourgeois society. Mariages (1936; "Nothing to Chance") deals with the limitations of social conventions; the five-volume Meurtres (1939–41; "Murders") centres on an idealistic tragic hero, Noël Annequin, in his fight against hypocrisy. In 1937, he won the Prix Goncourt for Faux passeports, short stories denouncing Stalinism, in the same spirit as Arthur Koestler. He was the first foreigner to receive Prix Goncourt. He was also a Walloon movement activist and at the end of the Walloon National Congress there was a standing ovation after his speech, the assembly then singing La Marseillaise.
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Charles Rogier
Charles Latour Rogier (17 August 1800–27 May 1885) was a Belgian liberal statesman and a leader in the Belgian Revolution of 1830. He became Prime Minister of Belgium on two separate occasions: from 1847 to 1852, and again from 1857 to 1868.
Rogier descended from a family settled in the department of the Nord in France. He was born at Saint-Quentin. His father, an officer in the French army, perished in the Russian campaign of 1812. The family then moved to the Belgian city of Liege, where the eldest son, Firmin, held a professorship. Rogier studied law at the University of Liège (ULg) and was admitted to the bar. However, he devoted himself with greater zeal to journalistic campaigns against Dutch rule in Belgium. In 1824, in collaboration with his lifelong friends Paul Devaux and Joseph Lebeau, he founded the journal Mathieu Laensberg (afterwards Le Politique). With its ardent patriotism and its attacks on the Dutch administration, the journal soon achieved widespread influence.
On the outbreak of the insurrection at Brussels in August 1830, Rogier went there with a militia of about 300 citizens of Liège. In Brussels he gained recognition as one of the most active among the patriot leaders. He became a member of the provisional government established in October of the same year, and after the election of Leopold as King in June 1831, he was made Governor of Antwerp. During his first stint as Interior Minister, from 1832 to 1834, he brought into existence the Belgian railway system. From 1840 to 1841 he was Minister of Public Works and Education, and from 1861 to 1868 he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs.
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César Franck
César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck (10 December 1822 – 8 November 1890) was a composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life.
He was born at Liège, in what is now Belgium (though at the time of his birth it was under the Netherlands' control). In that city he gave his first concerts in 1834. He studied privately in Paris from 1835, where his teachers included Anton Reicha. After a brief return to Belgium, and a disastrous reception to an early oratorio Ruth, he moved to Paris, where he married and embarked on a career as teacher and organist. He gained a reputation as a formidable improviser, and travelled widely in France to demonstrate new instruments built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
In 1858 he became organist at Sainte-Clotilde, a position he retained for the rest of his life. He became professor at the Paris Conservatoire in 1872; he took French nationality, a requirement of the appointment. His pupils included Vincent d'Indy, Ernest Chausson, Louis Vierne, Charles Tournemire, Guillaume Lekeu, and Henri Duparc. After acquiring the professorship Franck wrote several pieces that have entered the standard classical repertoire, including symphonic, chamber, and keyboard works.
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Dardenne brothers
Brothers Jean-Pierre Dardenne (born 21 April 1951 in Liège, Belgium) and Luc Dardenne (born 10 March 1954 in Liège, Belgium) are a Belgian filmmaking duo. They write, produce and direct their films together.
The Dardennes began making narrative and documentary films in the late 1970s, but they first came to international attention in the mid-1990s with La Promesse (The Promise). They won their first major international film prize when Rosetta won the Palme d'Or at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. All their films since have played at the Cannes main competition and won one of the major prizes.
In 2002, Olivier Gourmet won Best Actor at Cannes for the Dardennes' Le Fils (The Son) In 2005, they won the Palme d'Or a second time for their film L’Enfant (The Child), putting them in an elite club of only 7 with the likes of Francis Ford Coppola. Their film, Le silence de Lorna (Lorna's Silence), won Best Screenplay at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and was released in Europe in the fall. Their latest film The Kid with a Bike won the Grand Prix at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. Jean-Pierre has been announced as the jury president for the Cinéfoundation and Short Films sections of the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.
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Dominique Pire
Dominique Pire (Georges Charles Clement Ghislain Pire) (Dinant, February 10, 1910 – Leuven, January 30, 1969) was a Belgian Dominican friar whose work helping refugees in post-World War II Europe saw him receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1958. He was the eldest child of Georges Pire, Sr., a civic official, and Berthe (Ravet) Pire.
Georges Pire studied classics and philosophy at the Collège de Bellevue and at the age of eighteen entered the Dominican priory of La Sarte in Huy. He took his final vows on 23 September 1932, adopting the name Dominique, after the Order's founder. He then studied theology and social science at the Pontifical International Institute Angelicum in Rome, where he obtained his doctorate in theology in 1936 with a thesis entitled L’Apatheia ou insensibilité irréalisable et destructrice (Apatheia or unrealisable and destructive insensitivity). He returned to the priory at La Sarte, in Huy, Belgium where he dedicated himself to helping poor families live according to their dignity. During the second world war, Pire served as chaplain to the Belgian resistance, actively participating in its activities, such as helping smuggle Allied pilots out of the country. He received several medals for this service after the war.
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Dutch people
The Dutch people (Dutch: Nederlanders (help·info)) are an ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a common culture and speak the Dutch language. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in Suriname, Chile, Brazil, Canada,Australia,South Africa,New Zealand, and the United States.
The traditional art and culture of the Dutch encompasses various forms of traditional music, dances, architectural styles and clothing, some of which are globally recognizable. Internationally, Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer and Van Gogh are held in high regard. The dominant religion of the Dutch is Christianity (both Catholic and Protestant), although in modern times the majority is no longer (openly) religious. Significant percentages of the Dutch are adherents of humanism, agnosticism, atheism or individual spirituality.
In the Middle Ages the Low Countries were situated around the border of France and the Holy Roman Empire, forming a part of their respective peripheries, and the various territories of which they consisted had de facto become virtually autonomous by the 13th century. Under the Habsburgs, the Netherlands were organised into a single administrative unit, and in the 16th and 17th centuries the Northern Netherlands gained independence from Spain as the Dutch Republic. The high degree of urbanization characteristic of Dutch society was attained at a relatively early date. During the Republic the first series of large scale Dutch migrations outside of Europe took place.
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Ernest Solvay
Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay (16 April 1838 – 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist.
Born at Rebecq, he was prevented by acute pleurisy from going to university. He worked in his uncle's chemical factory from the age of 21.
In 1861, he developed the ammonia-soda process for the manufacture of soda ash (anhydrous sodium carbonate) from brine (as a source of sodium chloride) and limestone (as a source of calcium carbonate). The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process.
He founded the company Solvay & Cie and established his first factory at Couillet (now merged into Charleroi, Belgium) in 1863 and further perfected the process until 1872, when he patented it. Soon, Solvay process plants were established in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Austria. Today, about 70 Solvay process plants are still operational worldwide.
The exploitation of his patents brought Solvay considerable wealth, which he used for philanthropic purposes, including the establishment in 1894 of the "Institut des Sciences Sociales" (ISS) or Institute for Sociology at the Free University of Brussels (now split into the Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel), as well as International Institutes for Physics and Chemistry. In 1903, he founded the Solvay Business School which is also part of the Free University of Brussels. In 1911, he began a series of important conferences in physics, known as the Solvay Conferences, whose participants included luminaries such as Max Planck, Ernest Rutherford, Marie Curie, Henri Poincaré, and (then only 32 years old) Albert Einstein. A later conference would include Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Erwin Schrödinger.
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Eugène Ysaÿe
Eugène Ysaÿe (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn iza.i]; 16 July 1858 – 12 May 1931) was a Belgian violinist, composer and conductor born in Liège. He was regarded as "The King of the Violin", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the "tzar". His brother was pianist and composer Théo Ysaÿe (1865–1918), and his great-grandson is Marc Ysaÿe, drummer of rock band Machiavel.
Eugène-Auguste Ysaÿe came from a background of peasants, though a large part of his family played instruments. As violinist Arnold Steinhardt describes, a legend was passed down through the Ysaÿe family about the first violin brought to the lineage:
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Flemish people
Today, the Flemings or Flemish (Dutch: “de Vlamingen”; French: “les Flamands”) refers to the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Belgium, where they are mostly found in the northern region of Flanders. They are one of two principal cultural-linguistic groups in Belgium, the other being the French-speaking Walloons. The Flemings make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, “the Flemings” also refers to the inhabitants of the ancient county of Flanders, including the French-speaking or Picard-speaking Flemings of the regions around Tournai (today in Wallonia), Lille and Douai (today in French Flanders), who were called “les Flamands wallons” (the Romance Flemings).
The feel of 'Flemish' being a national identity increased heavily, shortly after the Belgian Revolution. Prior to this, the term 'Flemings' in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders. Flemish however had been used since the 14th century to describe the language of both the peoples of Flanders and the Duchy of Brabant. Italians started in 15th century to describe both peoples as 'Fiamingi', the English and the French followed in the 16th. The sentiments of having somehow a common identity, despite belonging to different states (most notably the share of a common language, the deeply felt need to 'act as one' against any foreign state) existed already in the Middle Ages. An example is the 'Flemish-Brabant Co-operation Treaty' (Vlaams-Brabants samenwerkingsverdag) from 3/12/1339 imposed by the main cities of both states upon their rulers. It must noted that the modern Belgian province of Limburg -nowadays Flemish- was not part of this.
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French people
The French (French: Français) are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups. Within France, the French are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence.
However, the word can also refer to people of French descent who are found in other countries, with significant French-speaking population groups or not, such as Argentina (French Argentines), Brazil (French Brazilians), French West Indies (the French Caribbean people), Canada (French Canadians) and the United States (French Americans), and some of them have a French cultural identity. The United Kingdom also has a large French population, mainly in England, and due to historic relations and immigration.
To be French, according to the first article of the Constitution, is to be a citizen of France, regardless of one's origin, race, or religion (sans distinction d'origine, de race ou de religion). According to its principles, France has devoted herself to the destiny of a proposition nation, a generic territory where people are bounded only by the French language and the assumed willingness to live together, as defined by Ernest Renan's "plébiscite de tous les jours" ("daily referendum" on the willingness to live together, in Renan's 1882 essay "Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?").
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Frisians
The Frisians are a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal parts of the Netherlands and Germany. They are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia, that was a part of Denmark until 1864. They inhabit an area known as Frisia. The Frisian languages are still used by 500,000 speakers; dialects of Frisian are recognized as official languages in both the Netherlands and Germany.
The ancient Frisii enter recorded history in the Roman account of Drusus' 12 BC war against the Rhine Germans and the Chauci. They occasionally appear in the accounts of Roman wars against the Germanic tribes of the region, up to and including the Revolt of the Batavi around 70 AD. They are not mentioned again until c. 296, when they were deported into Roman territory as laeti (i.e., Roman-era serfs). The discovery of a type of earthenware unique to 4th century Frisia, called terp Tritzum, shows that an unknown number of them were resettled in Flanders and Kent, probably as laeti under Roman coercion.
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Félicien Rops
Félicien Rops (7 July 1833 - 23 August 1898) was a Belgian artist, and printmaker in etching and aquatint.
Rops was born in Namur, the only son to Nicholas Rops and Sophie Maubile. He was educated at the University of Brussels. Rops's forté was drawing more than painting in oils. He first won fame as a caricaturist.
In 1857, he married Charlotte Polet de Faveaux, with whom he had two children: Paul and Juliette. Juliette died at a young age.
After the failure of his marriage, he moved to Paris in 1874. There, he lived with the Duluc sisters: Aurélie and Léontine Duluc. With Léontine Duluc, he had one daughter, Claire. Claire went on to marry Belgian author Eugène Demolder.
Rops's eyesight began to fail in 1892. He kept up his literary associations until his death.
Félicien Rops was a freemason and a member of the Grand Orient of Belgium.
Rops met Charles Baudelaire towards the end of the poet's life in 1864, and Baudelaire left an impression upon him that lasted until the end of his days. Rops created the frontispiece for Baudelaire's Les Épaves, a selection of poems from Les Fleurs du mal that had been censored in France, and which therefore were published in Belgium.
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Félix de Mérode
Philippe Félix Balthasar Otto Ghislain, Count de Merode (13 April 1791 – 7 February 1857), known as Félix de Merode, was a Belgian politician.
Born in Maastricht, Merode's father was mayor of Brussels during the period in which modern Belgium formed part of France. Under the First French Empire, Merode lived in Paris. In 1809 he married Rosalie de Gramont, niece by marriage of the Marquis de Lafayette.
Merode settled in the southern part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands—modern Belgium—and was one of the leaders of the Belgian Revolution of 1830. He served in the Provisional Government of Belgium and in the Belgian National Congress which was elected in November 1830. Merode was proposed as a candidate for the throne of the newly created Belgium, but refused to be considered as he was not a prince, merely a count. Merode's brother Frédéric was killed during the fighting against the forces of King William I following the revolution.
He formed part of the delegation to Paris which sought to have Louis, Duke of Nemours, second son of King Louis-Philippe, accept the throne, but this approach was rebuffed by the French king. Merode was a confidant of the eventual king, Leopold I, and was made a Minister of State in 1831.
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Georges Lemaître
Monsignor Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître ( lemaitre.ogg (help·info) 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian priest, astronomer and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Leuven. He was the first person to propose the theory of the expansion of the Universe, widely misattributed to Edwin Hubble. He was also the first to derive what is now known as the Hubble's law and made the first estimation of what is now called the Hubble constant which he published in 1927, two years before Hubble's article. Lemaître also proposed what became known as the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe, which he called his 'hypothesis of the primeval atom'. As he was a secular priest, he was called Abbé, then, after being made a canon, Monseigneur.
After a classical education at a Jesuit secondary school (Collège du Sacré-Coeur, Charleroi), Lemaître began studying civil engineering at the Catholic University of Leuven at the age of 17. In 1914, he interrupted his studies to serve as an artillery officer in the Belgian army for the duration of World War I. At the end of hostilities, he received the Belgian War Cross with palms.
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Georges Simenon
Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ simˈnɔ̃]) 13 February 1903 – 4 September 1989) was a Belgian writer. A prolific author who published nearly 200 novels and numerous short works, Simenon is best known as the creator of the fictional detective Jules Maigret.
Georges Simenon was born at 26 rue Léopold (now number 24) in Liège to Désiré Simenon and his wife Henriette. Désiré Simenon worked in an accounting office at an insurance company and had married Henriette in April 1902. Although Georges Simenon was born on 13 February 1903 superstition resulted in his birth being registered as having been on the 12th. This story of his birth is recounted at the beginning of his novel Pedigree.
The Simenon family traces its origins back to the Limburg region, his mother's family being from Dutch Limburg. One of her more notorious ancestors was Gabriel Brühl, a criminal who preyed on Limburg from the 1720s until he was hanged in 1743. Later, Simenon would use Brühl as one of his many pen names.
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Gilles Binchois
Gilles de Binche (called Binchois), also known as Gilles de Bins (ca. 1400 – 20 September 1460), was a Franco-Flemish composer, one of the earliest members of the Burgundian School, and one of the three most famous composers of the early 15th century. While often ranked behind his contemporaries Guillaume Dufay and John Dunstaple, at least by contemporary scholars, his influence was arguably greater than either, since his works were cited, borrowed and used as source material more often than those by any other composer of the time.
Binchois was probably from Mons, the son of Jean and Johanna de Binche, who may have been from the nearby town of Binche. His father was a councillor to Duke Guillaume IV of Hainault, and also had a position in a church in Mons. Nothing is known about Gilles until 1419, when he became organist at the church of Ste. Waudru in Mons. In 1423 went to live in Lille. Around this time he may have been a soldier in the service of the Burgundians, or perhaps the English Earl of Suffolk, as indicated by a line in the memorial motet written on his death by Ockeghem.
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Godfrey of Bouillon
Godfrey of Bouillon (c. 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a medieval Frankish knight who was one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 until his death. He was the Lord of Bouillon, from which he took his byname, from 1076 and the Duke of Lower Lorraine from 1087. After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, although he refused the title "king" as he said that title (i.e., "King of Jerusalem") belonged to God.
Godfrey of Bouillon was born around 1060 in either Boulogne-sur-Mer in France or Baisy, a city in the region of Brabant (part of present-day Belgium). During Godfrey's lifetime this region was part of the Holy Roman Empire.
He was the second son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine (daughter of Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine and his wife, Doda). As second son, he had fewer opportunities than his older brother and seemed destined to become just one more minor knight in service to a rich landed nobleman. However, his uncle on his mother's side, Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine, died childless and named his nephew, Godfrey of Bouillon, as his heir and next in line to his duchy of Lower Lorraine. This duchy was an important one at the time, serving as a buffer between the kingdom of France and the German lands.
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Greeks in Belgium
The Greek community in Belgium numbers between 15,000 and 26,000 people. They are located throughout the country with Brussels being home to the largest concentration.
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Guillaume Dufay
Guillaume Dufay (Du Fay, Du Fayt) (August 5, 1397? – November 27, 1474) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the early Renaissance. As the central figure in the Burgundian School, he was the most famous and influential composer in Europe in the mid-15th century.
From the evidence of his will, he was probably born in Beersel, in the vicinity of Brussels. Circumstantial evidence claims him to have been born the illegitimate child of an unknown priest and a woman named Marie Du Fayt, though this suggestion is as of yet unproven. Marie moved with her son to Cambrai early in his life, staying with a relative who was a canon of the cathedral there. Soon Dufay's musical gifts were noticed by the cathedral authorities, who evidently gave him a thorough training in music; he studied with Rogier de Hesdin during the summer of 1409, and he was listed as a choirboy in the cathedral from 1409 to 1412. During those years he studied with Nicolas Malin, and the authorities must have been impressed with the boy's gifts because they gave him his own copy of Villedieu’s Doctrinale in 1411, a highly unusual event for one so young. In June 1414, at the age of only 16, he had already been given a benefice as chaplain at St. Géry, immediately adjacent to Cambrai. Later that year he probably went to the Council of Konstanz, staying possibly until 1418, at which time he returned to Cambrai.
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Henri Michaux
Henri Michaux (24 May 1899 – 19 October 1984) was a highly idiosyncratic Belgian-born poet, writer, and painter who wrote in French. He later took French citizenship. Michaux is best known for his esoteric books written in a highly accessible style, and his body of work includes poetry, travelogues, and art criticism. Michaux travelled widely, tried his hand at several careers, and experimented with drugs, the latter resulting in two of his most intriguing works, Miserable Miracle and The Major Ordeals of the Mind and the Countless Minor Ones.
In 1930–1931, Henri Michaux visited Japan, China and India. The result of this trip is the book A Barbarian in Asia. Oriental culture became one of his biggest influences. The philosophy of Buddhism, and Oriental calligraphy, later became principal subjects of many of his poems and inspired many of his drawings.
He also traveled to Africa and to the American continent, where he visited Ecuador and published the book Ecuador. His travels across the Americas finished in Brazil in 1939, and he stayed there for two years.
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Henri Pousseur
Henri Pousseur (23 June 1929, Malmedy – 6 March 2009, Brussels) was a Belgian composer.
Pousseur studied at the Academies of Music in Liège and in Brussels from 1947 to 1953. He was closely associated with Pierre Froidebise and André Souris. He encountered Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Luciano Berio and thereafter devoted himself to avant-garde research.
In 1954 he married Théa Schoonbrood with whom he had four children: Isabelle (1957), Denis (1958), Marianne (1961), and Hélène (1965).
Beginning around 1960, he collaborated with Michel Butor on a number of projects, most notably the opera Votre Faust (1961–68).
Pousseur taught in Cologne, Basel, and in the United States at SUNY Buffalo, as well as in his native Belgium. From 1970 until his retirement in 1988 he taught at the University and Conservatory of Liège where he also founded the Centre de recherches et de formation musicales de Wallonie. He died aged 79, on the morning of 6 March 2009, of bronchial pneumonia (Machart 2009).
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Indo people
Indo people, short for Indo-European people is a term that originated in the Dutch East Indies of the 19th century. It is used to describe the Eurasian people of mixed European and indigenous Indonesian ancestry in the Dutch East Indies, and their descendants, who generally are people of predominately European ancestry, as a result of migration to Western countries. People of Indo ancestry are now primarily found in the Netherlands and Indonesia, but also Australia, Canada, United States and New Zealand.
As a group Indos developed over a period of more than 400 years. Records from the beginning of European colonial activity in the South East Asian region show the range of the origins of the Europeans that settled there. People of Indo ancestry have a great variety of combinations of diverse European and Asian ancestries. The family names indicate the diversity of origins, although all family names are uniformly European.
Other common terms used for this group are Indische people or Dutch-Indonesians, both terms are derived from the Dutch term Indische Nederlanders.
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Jacques Daret
Jacques Daret (c. 1404 - c. 1470) was an Early Netherlandish painter born in Tournai (now in Belgium), where he would spend much of his life. Daret spent 15 years as a pupil in the studio of Robert Campin, alongside Rogier or Rogelet de le Pasture (assumed by scholars to be Rogier van der Weyden, both words meaning "field" or "meadow" in French and Dutch respectively), and afterwards became a master in his own right. He became a favorite of the Burgundian court, and his patron for 20 years was the abbot of St. Vaast in Arras, Jean de Clercq.
Though many works of Daret are mentioned in Jean de Clercq's account books, only four panels of Daret's works are known to have survived: all are from the so-called Arras Altarpiece or Saint-Vaast Altarpiece, painted for the abbot between 1433 and 1435. These paintings show a striking resemblance to the Flemish realism of the Master of Flémalle. This is argued by most scholars to be evidence that the Master of Flémalle was Daret's master, Robert Campin.
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Jean Bodin
Jean Bodin (1530–1596) was a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology.
Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation, and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Catholic throughout his life, but was critical of papal authority over governments, favouring the strong central control of a national monarchy as an antidote to factional strife. Towards the end of his life he wrote, but did not publish, a dialogue between different religions, including representatives of Judaism, Islam and natural theology, in which all agreed to coexist in concord.
Bodin was successively a monk, academic, professional lawyer and political adviser. An excursion as a politician having proved a failure, he lived out his life as a provincial magistrate.
Bodin was born near Angers (perhaps the son of a master tailor), with modestly prosperous middle-class background. He received a decent education, apparently in the Carmelite monastery of Angers, where he became a novice monk. Some claims made about his early life remain obscure. There is some evidence of a visit to Geneva in 1547/48 in which he became involved in a heresy trial. The records of this episode, however, are murky and perhaps refer to another person.
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Jessé de Forest
Jessé de Forest (1576 – October 22, 1624) was the leader of a group of Walloon Huguenots who fled Europe due to religious persecutions. Jessé de Forest emigrated to the New World, where he planned to found New-Belgium. He died before reaching what is now New York, but his family settled in Long Island, where it is remembered by the name of Forest Hill.
Jessé de Forest was born in Avesnes (County of Hainaut, now Nord, France). The family name originated from the village of Forest in the canton of Landrecies near Avesnes. Around 1609 he left Avesnes for Sedan and Montcornet before settling in Leiden, Holland.
In Leiden, he moved to obtain the right to emigrate with his own and other Walloon families to the New World. During his stay, he also met Pilgrim Fathers, future passengers of the Mayflower. De Forest served with Prince Maurice of Nassau as a lieutenant and captain.
On February 5, 1621, Jessé de Forest sent a petition, to Dudley Carleton, 1st Viscount Dorchester, English ambassador to The Hague. It applied for permission to settle about fifty Walloon and French Huguenot families that planned to follow the Puritans to America (then called the West Indies) in Virginia. De Forest asked to dispose over a territory of eight English miles radius. Known as the Round Robin, this document is now preserved in the British Public Record Office. On August 11, 1621, the Virginia Company gave an agreement in principle, but raised some restrictions. The worse one was the refusal to have the settlers dwell together in one autonomous colony. De Forest declined the proposition.
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Joachim Patinir
Joachim Patinir, also called de Patiner (c. 1480 – 5 October 1524), was a Flemish Northern Renaissance history and landscape painter from the area of modern Wallonia. He was probably the uncle of Herri met de Bles, his follower in establishing a distinct style of panoramic northern Renaissance landscapes.
Originally from Dinant or Bouvignes in present-day Belgium, Patinir became registered as a member of Antwerp's painters’ guild Guild of Saint Luke in 1515, where he spent the rest of his life. He may have studied with Gerard David at Bruges, who had been registered as a guild member in the same year as Patinir. In 1511, Patinir is believed to have travelled to Genoa with David and Adrien Ysenbrandt.
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Johannes Ciconia
Johannes Ciconia (c. 1370 – between 10 June and 13 July 1412) was a Flemish composer and music theorist of the late Middle Ages who worked most of his adult life in Italy, particularly in the service of the Papal Chapels and at the cathedral of Padua.
Ciconia was born in Liège, the son of a priest also named Johannes Ciconia and a woman of high standing. The composer had the same name as at least three other men around Liège, and this has created confusion about his biography. A Johannes Ciconia, probably the composer's father, worked in Avignon in 1350 as a clerk for the wife of the nephew of Pope Clement VI. Another Johannes Ciconia is recorded in Liège in 1385 as a duodenus, generally a person of young age; scholars agree that this is the composer himself.
Papal records suggest that Ciconia was in the service of Pope Boniface IX in Rome in 1391. His whereabouts between the early 1390s and 1401 are unknown. From this time until his death in 1412, he remained connected with the cathedral of Padua. It is unclear whether he arrived in Padua earlier than 1401. His lament, Con lagrime bagnadome, is described in one source as written for the death of Francesco of Carrara. If this refers to Francesco il Nuovo, then it would date from after 1406. If, however, it was written for the death of Francesco il Vecchio, as scholars have assumed, then it would place him in Padua by 1393. The possibility of an intermediate stay in Pavia has also been suggested by Nádas and Ziino, on the grounds that this is where he would have formed his connection with the House of Visconti and acquired knowledge of the ars subtilior style and the compositions of Philipoctus de Caserta quoted in his Sus un fontayne (see below).
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Joseph Lebeau
Jean Louis Joseph Lebeau (3 January 1794 - 19 March 1865) was a Belgian liberal politician and statesman, the second Prime Minister.
Born in Huy, he received his early education from an uncle who was parish priest in Hannut, and became a clerk. He raised money to study Law at the University of Liège, and was called to the bar association in 1819. While in Liège, he formed a fast friendship with Charles Rogier and Paul Devaux, together with whom he founded at Liege in 1824 the Mathieu Laensbergh, afterwards Le politique, a journal which helped to unite the Catholic Party with the Liberals in their opposition to the cabinet, without manifesting any open disaffection to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Lebeau had not aimed for the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium, but his hand was forced by the August Revolution of 1830. He was sent by his native district to the National Congress, and became minister of foreign affairs in March 1831 during the interim regency of Érasme-Louis Surlet de Chokier. By proposing the election of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg as King of the Belgians he secured a benevolent attitude on the part of the United Kingdom, but the restoration to the Netherlands of part of the duchies of Limburg and Luxembourg provoked a heated opposition to the 1839 Treaty of London, and Lebeau was accused of treachery to Belgian interests.
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Jules Bordet
Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named after him.
Bordet was born at Soignies, Belgium. He graduated in the year 1892 as Doctor of Medicine at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (Brussels, Belgium) and began his work at the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1894, where, in the laboratory of Elie Metchnikoff, he described phagocytosis of bacteria by white blood cells. In 1898 he described hemolysis evoked by exposure of blood serum to foreign blood cells.
In 1900, he left Paris to found the Pasteur Institute in Brussels, and made his discovery that the bacteriolytic effect of acquired specific antibody is significantly enhanced in vivo by the presence of innate serum components which he termed alexine (but which are now known as complement). This mechanism became the basis for complement-fixation testing methods that enabled the development of serological tests for syphilis (specifically, the development of the Wassermann test by August von Wassermann). The same technique is used today in serologic testing for countless other diseases.
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Jules Michelet
Jules Michelet (21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian. He was born in Paris to a family with Huguenot traditions.
His father was a master printer, not very prosperous, and Jules assisted him in the actual work of the press. A place was offered him in the imperial printing office, but his father was able to send him to the famous Collège or Lycée Charlemagne, where he distinguished himself. He passed the university examination in 1821, and was soon appointed to a professorship of history in the Collège Rollin.
Soon after this, in 1824, he married. This was one of the most favourable periods ever for scholars and men of letters in France, and Michelet had powerful patrons in Abel-François Villemain and Victor Cousin, among others. Although he was an ardent politician (having from his childhood embraced republicanism and a peculiar variety of romantic free-thought), he was above all a man of letters and an inquirer into the history of the past. His earliest works were school textbooks.
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Juliana of Liège
Saint Juliana of Liège, O.Praem. (also called Juliana of Mount-Cornillon), (1193–1252) was a medieval canoness regular and mystic in what is now Belgium. Traditional scholarly sources have long recognized her as the promoter of the Feast of Corpus Christi, first celebrated in Liège in 1246, and later adopted for the universal church in 1264. More recent scholarship includes manuscript analysis of the initial version of the Office, as found in The Hague, National Library of the Netherlands (KB 70.E.4) and a close reading of her Latin vita, a critical edition of which was published in French by the Belgian scholar, Jean-Pierre Delville.
Newer scholarly work notes the many references to her musical and liturgical performances. Modern women scholars recognize Juliana as the "author" of the initial version of the Latin Office, Animarum cibus, which takes its title from the beginning of its first antiphon.
Juliana and her twin sister Agnes were born in the village of Retinnes in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. They were orphaned at age five and placed in a newly-founded hospice at Mont-Cornillon, right outside of Liège. The canonry seems to have been established on the model of a double monastery, with both canons and canonesses, each living in their own wing of the monastery. The two girls were initially placed on a small farm next to the canonry. Agnes died young. Juliana, after entering the Order at the age of 13, worked for many years in its leprosarium. The new community benefited greatly from the sisters' dowries.
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Justine Henin
Justine Henin (French pronunciation: [ʒys.tin enɛ̃]; born 1 June 1982), known as Justine Henin-Hardenne between 2002 and 2007, is a retired professional Belgian tennis player and former World No. 1.
Henin won 43 WTA singles titles and seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four French Open titles, one Australian Open title, and two US Open titles. She has also won the year-ending Sony Ericsson Championships twice and the singles gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Tennis experts cite her mental toughness, the completeness and variety of her game, her footspeed and footwork, and her one-handed backhand (which John McEnroe has described as the best single-handed backhand in the women's or men's game) as the principal reasons for her success.
Critics and all-time-great players have made testament to Henin's talent. Upon Henin's first retirement from the WTA in the early part of the 2008 season, Billie Jean King said that "pound for pound, Henin is the best tennis player of her generation", as well as that "Justine is the best women's athlete I've ever seen."Andre Agassi said of Henin, "Justine Henin is one of the most talented women ever to have played the game of tennis." In 2007, 18 time Grand Slam winner Martina Navratilova said that "She is head and shoulders above everyone else right now." John McEnroe concurred, saying that Henin is "The player I most like to watch." Henin made a return to the WTA in early 2010, losing the final of the Australian Open in only her 2nd tournament back.
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Louis Dewis
Louis Dewis (1872–1946) was a Belgian Post-Impressionist painter, who lived most of his adult life in France.
Dewis was born Isidore Louis Dewachter in Mons, Belgium, the son of Isidore Louis Dewachter and Eloise Desmaret Dewachter. He spent his formative years in Liege where his closest boyhood friend was Richard Heintz (fr:Richard Heintz) (1871–1929), who also became an internationally known landscape artist.
Although the name "Dewachter" may have Flemish roots, Dewachter always considered himself a Walloon.
Louis' successful merchant father was embarrassed that his son would waste his time with something as useless as painting. In a vain attempt to break his young son of this "bad habit", the elder Dewachter would, on occasion, throw away the boy’s canvases, paints and brushes.
Young Louis' love of art could not be deterred. It could, however, be overwhelmed by business and family responsibilities
As the eldest son, Louis was expected to take over the family business, a chain of men's clothing stores called Maison Dewachter. This was a duty that his father would not allow him to shirk. Dewis would come to manage the store in Bordeaux but there were Maison Dewachters in cities across France and Belgium, usually run locally by one cousin or another. Louis would bear this responsibility until after his father's death and the conclusion of World War I.
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Louis Hennepin
Father Louis Hennepin, O.F.M. baptized Antoine, (12 May 1626 – c. 1701) was a Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollect order (French: Récollets) and an explorer of the interior of North America.
Hennepin was born in Ath in the Spanish Netherlands (now in the province of Hainaut, Belgium). In 1659 Béthune, the town where he lived, was captured by the army of Louis XIV of France.
At the request of Louis XIV the Récollets sent four missionaries to New France in May 1675, including Hennepin, accompanied by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle. In 1678 Hennepin was ordered by his provincial superior to accompany La Salle on a voyage to explore the western part of New France. Hennepin was 39 when he sailed in 1679 with La Salle from Canada through the Great Lakes aboard Le Griffon to explore the unknown West. Local historians credit the Franciscan Récollect friar as the first European to step ashore at the site of present-day Hannibal, Missouri.
Two great waterfalls were brought to the world's attention by Louis Hennepin: Niagara Falls, with the most voluminous flow of any in North America, and the Saint Anthony Falls in what is now Minneapolis, the only waterfall on the Mississippi River.
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Léon Degrelle
Léon Joseph Marie Ignace Degrelle (15 June 1906 – 31 March 1994) was a Walloon Belgian politician, who founded Rexism and later joined the Waffen SS (becoming a leader of its Walloon contingent) which were front-line troops in the fight against the Soviet Union. After World War II, he was a prominent figure in neo-nazi movements.
After studying at a Jesuit college and successfully studying for a law doctorate at the Université catholique de Louvain, Degrelle worked as a journalist for the conservative Roman Catholic periodical Christus Rex. During his time at this publication, he became attracted to the ideas of Charles Maurras and French Integralism. Until 1934, Degrelle worked as a correspondent for the paper in Mexico, during the Cristero War. He led a militant tendency inside the Catholic Party, which he formed around the Éditions de Rex he founded. The Éditions drew its name from the battle cry of the Cristeros: Viva Cristo Rey y Santa María de Guadalupe, alluding to Christ the King.
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Maltese in Belgium
Maltese in Belgium are people from Malta resident in Belgium, whether permanently or temporarily. They include Maltese who have acquired Belgian citizenship, students and workers with International organizations.
Before 2003 the Maltese in Belgium were mostly people married to Belgians who had emigrated to the country or Maltese diplomats. In 2003 the employment of Maltese nationals with the European Union (EU) started in earnest in view of Malta's membership of the organisation.
Belgian national statistics show that the number of Maltese in Belgium stood at 252 as of 1 January 2008. Of these, 159 lived in Brussels, 70 in Flanders and 23 in Wallonia. This represents a significant increase over previous years: in 2005 the number of Maltese in Belgium stood at 133 and at 192 in 2006. A more recent estimate quotes the figure of 400 Maltese in Belgium in 2010.
Most of the Maltese are in Belgium because of their employment with the EU. It is in fact estimated that of the 324 Maltese employed with the EU in 2010, around 250 worked in Belgium. This is why they consider themselves to expatriates rather than emigrants as was the case with the Maltese Diaspora in the demographic movements of previous generations.
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Marc Dutroux
Marc Dutroux (born 6 November 1956) is a Belgian serial killer and child molester, convicted of having kidnapped, tortured and sexually abused six girls during 1995 to 1996, ranging in age from 8 to 19, four of whom he murdered. He was also convicted of having killed a suspected former accomplice, Bernard Weinstein, later proved insane. He was arrested in 1996, four years after the disappearance of his victims had begun, and has been in prison ever since, with the exception of reportedly escaping for a brief amount of time in April 1998. Dutroux's widely publicised trial took place in 2004. A number of shortcomings in the Dutroux investigation caused widespread discontent in Belgium with the country's criminal justice system, and the ensuing scandal was one of the reasons for the reorganisation of Belgium's law enforcement agencies.
Born in Ixelles, Belgium on 6 November 1956, Dutroux was the oldest of five children. His parents, both teachers, emigrated to the Belgian Congo, but returned to Belgium when Dutroux was four. They separated in 1971 and Dutroux stayed with his mother. He married at the age of 19 and fathered two children; the marriage ended in divorce in 1983. By then he already had had an affair with Michèle Martin. They would eventually have three children together, and married in 1989 while both were in prison. They divorced in 2003, also while in prison.
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Michael Baius
Michael Baius (1513 – September 16, 1589) was a Belgian theologian. He came up with the school of thought Baianism.
He was born at Meslin L'Eveque near Ath in Hainaut as Michel De Bay. Educated at the Catholic University of Leuven, he studied philosophy and theology with distinguished success, and was rewarded by a series of academic appointments. In 1552 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, appointed him professor of scriptural interpretation in the university. In 1563 he was nominated one of the Belgian representatives at the Council of Trent, but arrived too late to take an important part in its deliberations. Indeed, there was resistance to his presence at the Council, and was allowed to attend only under the auspices of the King of Spain. The Council Fathers looked upon him with not a little suspicion. At Leuven, however, he obtained a great name as a leader in the anti-scholastic reaction of the 16th century. The champions of this reaction fought under the banner of Augustine of Hippo though paradoxically undermined Augustine's doctrine of grace; as a result, Baius' heterodox-Augustinian predilections brought him into conflict with Rome on questions of grace, free-will and the like. In various respects, Baius was rightly seen as Pelagian. In 1567 Pope Pius V condemned seventy-nine propositions from his writings in the papal bull Ex omnibus afflictionibus. To this Baius submitted; though certain indiscreet utterances on the part of himself and his supporters led to a renewal of the condemnation in 1579 by Pope Gregory XIII. Baius, however, was allowed to retain his professorship, and even became chancellor of Leuven in 1575.
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Orlande de Lassus
Orlande de Lassus (also Orlandus Lassus, Orlando di Lasso, Roland de Lassus, or Roland Delattre) (1532 (possibly 1530) – 14 June 1594) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. He is today considered to be the chief representative of the mature polyphonic style of the Franco-Flemish school, and one of the three most famous and influential musicians in Europe at the end of the 16th century (the other two being Palestrina and Victoria).
Lassus was born in Mons in the County of Hainaut (modern day Belgium). Information about his early years is scanty, although some uncorroborated stories have survived, the most famous of which is that he was kidnapped three times because of the singular beauty of his singing voice. At the age of twelve, he left the Low Countries with Ferrante Gonzaga and went to Mantua, Sicily, and later Milan (from 1547 to 1549). While in Milan, he made the acquaintance of the madrigalist Spirito l'Hoste da Reggio, a formative influence on his early musical style.
wn.com/Orlande_de_Lassus -
Paul Delvaux
Paul Delvaux (23 September 1897 – 20 July 1994) was a Belgian painter, associated with Surrealism, famous for his paintings of female nudes.
Delvaux was born in Antheit in the Belgian province of Liège, the son of a lawyer. The young Delvaux took music lessons, studied Greek and Latin, and absorbed the fiction of Jules Verne and the poetry of Homer. All of his work was to be influenced by these readings, starting with his earliest drawings showing mythological scenes. He studied at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, albeit in the architecture department owing to his parents' disapproval of his ambition to be a painter. Nevertheless, he pursued his goal, attending painting classes taught by Constant Montald and Jean Delville. The painters Frans Courtens and Alfred Bastien also encouraged Delvaux, whose works from this period were primarily naturalistic landscapes. He completed some 80 paintings between 1920 and 1925, which was the year of his first solo exhibition.
Delvaux's paintings of the late 1920s and early 1930s, which feature nudes in landscapes, are strongly influenced by such Flemish Expressionists as Constant Permeke and Gustave De Smet. A change of style around 1933 reflects the influence of the metaphysical art of Giorgio de Chirico, which he had first encountered in 1926 or 1927. In the early 1930s Delvaux found further inspiration in visits to the Brussels Fair, where the Spitzner Museum, a museum of medical curiosities, maintained a booth in which skeletons and a mechanical Venus figure were displayed in a window with red velvet curtains. This spectacle captivated Delvaux, supplying him with motifs that would appear throughout his subsequent work. In the mid-1930s he also began to adopt some of the motifs of his fellow Belgian René Magritte, as well as that painter's deadpan style in rendering the most unexpected juxtapositions of otherwise ordinary objects.
wn.com/Paul_Delvaux -
Peter Minuit
Peter Minuit, Pieter Minuit, Pierre Minuit or Peter Minnewit (1580 – August 5, 1638) was a Walloon from Wesel, in present-day North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, then part of the Duchy of Cleves. He was the Director of the Dutch colony of New Netherland from 1626 until 1633, and he founded the Swedish colony of New Sweden in 1638. According to tradition, Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from Native Americans on May 24, 1626 for goods to the value of 60 Dutch guilders, which in the 19th century was estimated to be the equivalent of $24 USD.
Peter Minuit was born in 1580 in Wesel. This was during a period of religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics polities following the Protestant Reformation that culminated in the Thirty Years' War. Minuit's Walloon family, originally from the French-speaking city of Tournai in modern day Belgium, was among those Protestants who migrated away from suppression under the Roman Catholic government of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1580, Minuit's family took refuge in the city of Wesel, which had become a haven for Protestants as early as 1540.
wn.com/Peter_Minuit -
Philippe Gilbert
Philippe Gilbert (born 5 July 1982 in Remouchamps (Aywaille)) is a Belgian professional road bicycle racer for UCI ProTour team BMC Racing Team. Gilbert is a classics specialist. He is the second person (and first Belgian) in history to win all three Ardennes classics in a single year.
Gilbert has won several classic cycle races, including Paris-Tours (2008, 2009), Giro di Lombardia (2009, 2010), Amstel Gold Race (2010, 2011), La Flèche Wallonne (2011), Liège–Bastogne–Liège (2011) and Clásica de San Sebastián (2011). He has also won a stage at the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France and two stages at the Vuelta a España.
Gilbert turned professional in 2003 by joining FDJeux.com after riding as stagiaire for the team in late 2000. During this season he recorded his first victory by winning a stage in Tour de l'Avenir. In 2004 he began by winning a stage in the Tour Down Under as well as the young rider classification. He participated in the men's road race at the 2004 Summer Olympics where he finished 49th. He also won the Paris–Corrèze. In 2005 he won several races in France, which allowed him to win the Coupe de France de cyclisme sur route. These victories included Trophée des Grimpeurs, Tour du Haut-Var and the Polynormande. He also took stages in Four Days of Dunkirk and Tour Méditerranéen.
wn.com/Philippe_Gilbert -
Pierre de la Rue
Pierre de la Rue (c. 1452 – 20 November 1518), called Piersson, was a Franco-Flemish composer and singer of the Renaissance. A member of the same generation as Josquin des Prez, and a long associate of the Habsburg-Burgundian musical chapel, he ranks with Agricola, Brumel, Compère, Isaac, Obrecht, and Weerbeke as one of the most famous and influential composers in the Netherlands polyphonic style in the decades around 1500.
La Rue was probably born at Tournai, in modern Belgium, and likely educated at the Notre-Dame Cathedral there, which had a substantial musical establishment. He may have been the son of Jean de la Rue, a master enlumineur of the town of Tournai.
While no records remain of his childhood, a Peter vander Straten (the Flemish equivalent of his name) is mentioned in the archives of the cathedral of Ste. Gudule in Brussels in 1469-1470, as an adult (tenor) singer; this is considered very likely to have been him. In 1471 he was in Ghent at the Jacobskerk as a part-time singer, paid from the cathedral's miscellaneous fund, suggesting he was brought in for special performances of polyphony. Subsequently he was employed in Nieuwpoort in 1472, at the church of Onze-Lieve-Vrouw, probably initially as a temporary arrangement, but by the end of the year the church authorities hired him on a more permanent basis. He was no longer employed there by 1477/8 for his name had vanished from the account-book.
wn.com/Pierre_de_la_Rue -
Rennequin Sualem
Rennequin Sualem was a Walloon carpenter and engineer (Jemeppe-sur-Meuse (Walloon Country) 1645 - Bougival (France 1708 ).
In 1667-1668 Lieutenant-Governor of the castle of Huy ordered the building of an hydraulic machine in order to pump up the water of the Hoyoux to his Castle in Modave 50 m higher. Rennequin Sualem was commissionned to build the mechanism.
This mechanism is the model of the huge Machine de Marly which lifted the waters from the Seine to the palace of Louis XIV in Versailles, in this case 150 m higher. Rennequin built also a pump for the coalmine of Decize. The originality of the Rennequin's performance in Versailles was a transfer of a Walloon technology with a change of size which let reach it to its limits... Rennequin died in Bougival, at the machine, in 1708.
wn.com/Rennequin_Sualem -
Robert Campin
Robert Campin (c. 1375 – 26 April 1444), now usually identified as the artist known as the Master of Flémalle, is usually considered the first great master of Flemish and Early Netherlandish painting. This had been a matter of controversy for decades; Campin's life is relatively well documented for the period, but no works in assessable condition could be securely connected with him, whilst a corpus of work had been attached to the unidentified "Master of Flémalle", named after the supposed origin of a work.
Campin first appears as settled in Tournai from the archives of 1405-6, as a free master of the guild of painters, and there has been a lot of speculation about his origin and birthplace which is actually unknown. However, in 1410 he bought citizenship, which suggests he was not born there. He eventually attained the office of dean of the guild, and wardenship of a church and other civic offices, and was running a large workshop. By 1432, however, he lost his civic positions because of scandals, and probably his role in political disturbances in the city. In 1429 he was found guilty of withholding evidence, and sentenced to go on a pilgrimage, and in 1432 was convicted of adultery and banished for a year. Margaret of Burgundy, wife of the Count of Holland and sister of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy intervened on his behalf, and this was reduced to a fine. The dated Werl Altarpiece (1438) shows he continued to work (the two outer wings are in the Prado; the main panel is lost).
wn.com/Robert_Campin -
Romanians
The Romanians (dated: Rumanians or Roumanians; in Romanian: români pronounced [roˈmɨnʲ] or — historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism — rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania.
The Romanian people are a nation in the meaning of ethnos (Romanian: etnie), defined by the sense of sharing a common Romanian culture, descent, and having Romanian as mother tongue, as well as by citizenship or by being subjects to the same country. The Romanian citizenship law legislated in March 1991 establishes the rights of second and third generation descendants of Romanian citizens to obtain a Romanian citizenship, if they speak fluent Romanian and are able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge in Romanian history and culture. 89.4 percent of Romania's people declared themselves as Romanians at the 2002 Romanian Census.
In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries.
wn.com/Romanians -
Sylvain Van de Weyer
Jean-Sylvain Van de Weyer (19 January 1802–23 May 1874) was a Belgian politician, and then the Belgian Minister at the Court of St. James's, effectively the ambassador to the United Kingdom.
Van de Weyer was born in Louvain (Leuven); his family relocated to Amsterdam in 1811. The family returned to Leuven when his father, Josse-Alexandre (1769–1838), was named police commissioner for the city. Jean-Sylvain studied law at the State University of Louvain and set up as a lawyer in Brussels in 1823. Here he frequently defended newspapers and journalists which fell foul of the government of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, of which modern Belgium then formed the southern half.
On the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution in 1830, Van de Weyer was in Leuven, but hurried to Brussels where he became a member of the central committee of the Provisional Government of Belgium. His command of the English language resulted in him serving as a diplomatic representative of the revolutionaries. King Leopold I appointed Van de Weyer his "special representative" in London.
wn.com/Sylvain_Van_de_Weyer -
Turks in Belgium
Turks in Belgium (Turkish: Belçika Türkleri) are either Turkish people who live in Belgium even though having been born outside Belgium, or are Belgian-born, but have Turkish roots. By Turkish roots, this could mean roots linking back to Turkey, the island of Cyprus or the communities of the Turkish diaspora.
Turkish migration to Belgium started in the 1960s when Turkey signed a bilateral agreement with Belgium in July 1964 which was actively encouraged by Belgium to meet man power needs in an era of rapid economic expansion. Three types of immigration can be distinguished: immigration as a result of recruitment by the Belgian government, the immigration tourists, and the arrival of political figures. In 1963 and 1964, a total of 12,256 workers were sent to Belgium. This was organised by an international agreement between Turkey and Belgium and was due to economic factors. Turkish immigrants, mostly from eastern Turkey and the Black Sea region but also Turks of Balkan descents (mainly of Albanian, ex-Yugoslavian or Greek origins), were welcomed to Belgium as guest workers. They settled in industrialised areas and were allowed later to bring in their families. As unskilled labourers, they hoped to make a fortune in a short time and then return to Turkey. But things moved more slowly than expected, and a chain of immigration developed over the years. Moreover, between 1964–1967, Belgium attempted to resolve the growing problem of low population by encouraging family reunions.
wn.com/Turks_in_Belgium -
Walloons
Walloons (/wɑːˈluːnz/; French: Wallons, IPA: [walɔ̃]; Walloon: Walons) are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium. Important historical and anthropological criteria (religion, language, traditions, folklore) bind Walloons to the French people. More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon Region. They speak regional languages such as Walloon (with Picard in the West and Lorrain in the South).
The term Walloon is derived from *walha, a Proto-Germanic term used to refer to Celtic and Latin speakers.
Walloon originated in Romance languages alongside other related terms, but it supplanted them. Its oldest written trace is found in Jean de Haynin's Mémoires de Jean, sire de Haynin et de Louvignies in 1465, where it refers to Roman populations of the Burgundian Netherlands. Its meaning narrowed yet again during the French and Dutch periods and at Belgian independence the term designated only Belgians speaking a Romance language (French, Walloon, Picard, etc.) The linguistic cleavage in the politics of Belgium adds a political content to «the emotional cultural, and linguistic concept».Walloon also designates the inhabitants of Wallonia — a monolingual French-speaking territory — as opposed to Flemish. The words Walloon and Wallons can be seen in the book of Charles White, The Belgic revolution (1835): "The restless Wallons, with that adventurous daring which is their historical characteristic, abandoned their occupations, and eagerly seizing the pike and the musket marched towards the center of the commotion.". The Spanish term Walon and Walona from XVII Century were referred to a Royal Guard Corps recruited in the Spanish Flanders. They were involved in many of the most significant battles of the Spanish Empire. The French word Wallons in English is also used in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
wn.com/Walloons -
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/World_War_I -
Zénobe Gramme
Zénobe Théophile Gramme (4 April 1826, Amay - 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer. He invented the Gramme machine, a type of direct current dynamo capable of generating smoother (less AC) and much higher voltages than the dynamos known to that point.
In 1873 he and Hippolyte Fontaine accidentally discovered that the device was reversible and would spin when connected to any DC power supply. The Gramme machine was the first usefully powerful electrical motor that was successful industrially. Before Gramme's inventions, electric motors attained only low power and were mainly used as toys or laboratory curiosities.
Gramme died at Bois-Colombes, France and was buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery.
In the city of Liège there is a High School, L'Institut Gramme, named after him.
In 2005 he ended at 23rd place in the election of Le plus grand Belge (The Greatest Belgian), the television show broadcast by the French-speaking RTBF and based on the BBC show 100 Greatest Britons.
wn.com/Zénobe_Gramme -
Zénon Bacq
Zénon Bacq (1903 in La Louvière - 1983 in Fontenoy) was a Belgian radiobiologist and inventor. He studied medicine at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and became an MD in 1927. He studied at Harvard University (1929–1930), with a grant from the FNRS. He taught animal physiology, pathology, as well as pharmacology and radiobiology at the University of Liège (ULg).
While studying the chemical transmissions of nerve impulses, he invented processes to guard himself against ionizing radiations. In 1948 he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Biological and Medical Sciences.
wn.com/Zénon_Bacq
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Swedish-Walloons
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
A short film about how some swedes actually can call them for Walloons aswell. If you think "400 years ago, the Walloon genes are gone from the swedes" your wrong. Few swedes still got around 30 % wallongenes. Maybe even more, they don't look like swedes (still normal swedes don't see them as other ppl than swedes) Some of them don't even know they got walloon genes.
http://wn.com/Swedish-Walloons
A short film about how some swedes actually can call them for Walloons aswell. If you think "400 years ago, the Walloon genes are gone from the swedes" your wrong. Few swedes still got around 30 % wallongenes. Maybe even more, they don't look like swedes (still normal swedes don't see them as other ppl than swedes) Some of them don't even know they got walloon genes.
Flemish parlementarians beaten by French Walloon riot police
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Updated: 28 Mar 2012
A peacefull demonstration against the islamisation of Europe was violently beaten apart and stopped. Flemish members of parliament of the bigest Flemish party have been beaten and molested by a Walloon French speaking riot police. This is unseen violence against peacefull demonstrators and elected parlementarians. This can not be the direction of Europe. This is a huge leap backwards in democracy and into the dawning new middle ages of Islam. Every citizen in Europe and the free World must protest now, because tomorrow it might be your turn loosing your democratic right and freedom to the islamisation and caviar socialism and neo communism. I call upon you, wherever you're from, to protest also by no longer buying products of Brussels and French speaking Wallonia, and not to invest mony anymore in this communist behaving region with securitate police. Flemish Ethical Investing against repression. We Flemish deserve finally our independance and freedom. A people becoming a State!
http://wn.com/Flemish_parlementarians_beaten_by_French_Walloon_riot_police
A peacefull demonstration against the islamisation of Europe was violently beaten apart and stopped. Flemish members of parliament of the bigest Flemish party have been beaten and molested by a Walloon French speaking riot police. This is unseen violence against peacefull demonstrators and elected parlementarians. This can not be the direction of Europe. This is a huge leap backwards in democracy and into the dawning new middle ages of Islam. Every citizen in Europe and the free World must protest now, because tomorrow it might be your turn loosing your democratic right and freedom to the islamisation and caviar socialism and neo communism. I call upon you, wherever you're from, to protest also by no longer buying products of Brussels and French speaking Wallonia, and not to invest mony anymore in this communist behaving region with securitate police. Flemish Ethical Investing against repression. We Flemish deserve finally our independance and freedom. A people becoming a State!
- published: 11 Sep 2007
- views: 6275
- author: eniotnasnyw
Li Tchant des Walons (Le chant des Wallons - The Song of the Walloons)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
Li Tchant des Walons (Le chant des Wallons in French; The Song of the Walloons in English) is the anthem of Wallonia. The original words, written in Walloon as Li Tchant des Walons by Théophile Bovy in 1900, were in 1901 set to music composed by Louis Hillier. Performed for the first time in the city of Liège, the song quickly spread to other parts of French-speaking Belgium and established itself as a "national" anthem for Wallonia. When, on 15 July 1998, the Walloon Parliament approved a law defining the official symbols of the Walloon Region (flag, anthem, and "national" day), it was a French version of Li Tchant des Walons that was chosen. However, the lyrics adopted on that occasion are not a direct translation of the original: the number and order of verses differ, and they diverge significantly from the original Walloon text in places.
http://wn.com/Li_Tchant_des_Walons_Le_chant_des_Wallons_The_Song_of_the_Walloons
Li Tchant des Walons (Le chant des Wallons in French; The Song of the Walloons in English) is the anthem of Wallonia. The original words, written in Walloon as Li Tchant des Walons by Théophile Bovy in 1900, were in 1901 set to music composed by Louis Hillier. Performed for the first time in the city of Liège, the song quickly spread to other parts of French-speaking Belgium and established itself as a "national" anthem for Wallonia. When, on 15 July 1998, the Walloon Parliament approved a law defining the official symbols of the Walloon Region (flag, anthem, and "national" day), it was a French version of Li Tchant des Walons that was chosen. However, the lyrics adopted on that occasion are not a direct translation of the original: the number and order of verses differ, and they diverge significantly from the original Walloon text in places.
- published: 02 May 2010
- views: 106089
- author: MyWALLONIA
Walloons of Wisconsin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Emma and Auguste Hayot of Sturgeon Bay debate which of them is more Walloon. The couple is featured on the cover of a new book "The Walloons of Wisconsin." Video by Samantha Hernandez for the Door County Advocate.
http://wn.com/Walloons_of_Wisconsin
Emma and Auguste Hayot of Sturgeon Bay debate which of them is more Walloon. The couple is featured on the cover of a new book "The Walloons of Wisconsin." Video by Samantha Hernandez for the Door County Advocate.
- published: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 883
- author: DoorCountyAdvocate
Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary Issue 1924, US stamps
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:29
- Updated: 16 Aug 2012
www.usapostagestamps.com The Post Office Department issued several commemorative stamps in the 1920s and 1930s that recognized the diversity of national origins that comprised the American 'melting pot'. The stamp issue set something of a precedent for honoring immigrant groups. The three stamps of the Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary Series, issued on May 1, 1924, commemorated the 300th anniversary of settlement in New Netherlands, now the State of New York. In 1624 a group of approximately thirty Belgian families, most of them French-speaking Walloons from the south of Belgium sailed to the New World aboard the vessel 'Nieu Nederland'. Persecuted for their Protestant beliefs, they sought religious freedom. The series also honors the Huguenots, sixteenth-century French Protestants who, like the Walloons, suffered persecution for their religious beliefs. Under the leadership of Jean Ribaut (c.1520--1565), a group of Huguenots sailed from Dieppe, France, in February 1562, seeking refuge from religious persecution. They landed at the mouth of Florida's St. John's River in May 1562.
http://wn.com/Huguenot-Walloon_Tercentenary_Issue_1924,_US_stamps
www.usapostagestamps.com The Post Office Department issued several commemorative stamps in the 1920s and 1930s that recognized the diversity of national origins that comprised the American 'melting pot'. The stamp issue set something of a precedent for honoring immigrant groups. The three stamps of the Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary Series, issued on May 1, 1924, commemorated the 300th anniversary of settlement in New Netherlands, now the State of New York. In 1624 a group of approximately thirty Belgian families, most of them French-speaking Walloons from the south of Belgium sailed to the New World aboard the vessel 'Nieu Nederland'. Persecuted for their Protestant beliefs, they sought religious freedom. The series also honors the Huguenots, sixteenth-century French Protestants who, like the Walloons, suffered persecution for their religious beliefs. Under the leadership of Jean Ribaut (c.1520--1565), a group of Huguenots sailed from Dieppe, France, in February 1562, seeking refuge from religious persecution. They landed at the mouth of Florida's St. John's River in May 1562.
- published: 20 May 2011
- views: 273
- author: usphilately
Walloon star William Dunker - Vijaine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
william dunker " the walloon king "
http://wn.com/Walloon_star_William_Dunker_Vijaine
Walloon Sailors 17 Square Meter Day
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 04 Jan 2011
Sailing Walloon Yacht Club 17 Square Meter boats at Walloon Sailors Inc. Summer 2010
http://wn.com/Walloon_Sailors_17_Square_Meter_Day
Sailing Walloon Yacht Club 17 Square Meter boats at Walloon Sailors Inc. Summer 2010
- published: 04 Jan 2011
- views: 642
- author: walloonsailors
TINTIN IN WALLOON LANGUAGE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:23
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/TINTIN_IN_WALLOON_LANGUAGE
Walloons singing anthem with Belgians in Wisconsin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 21 Feb 2012
A roomful of Door and Kewaunee county residents gathered to greet visiting authors Xavier Istasse and Francoise Lempereur from Belgium at Northbrook Country Club in Luxemburg on Feb. 19. The Belgian journalists shared gifts of flags and pins from Wallonia with their Wisconsin Belgian cousins and sang the Walloon anthem.
http://wn.com/Walloons_singing_anthem_with_Belgians_in_Wisconsin
A roomful of Door and Kewaunee county residents gathered to greet visiting authors Xavier Istasse and Francoise Lempereur from Belgium at Northbrook Country Club in Luxemburg on Feb. 19. The Belgian journalists shared gifts of flags and pins from Wallonia with their Wisconsin Belgian cousins and sang the Walloon anthem.
- published: 21 Feb 2012
- views: 454
- author: DoorCountyAdvocate
Flying Over Walloon Lake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
Time Lapse of a 25 minute flight.
http://wn.com/Flying_Over_Walloon_Lake
Coleco ADAM SmartBASIC: The Flying Walloons
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 27 Mar 2012
This is a BASIC animation recorded using read hardware for the Coleco ADAM computer. It comes from the book 32 BASIC Programs for the Coleco ADAM.
http://wn.com/Coleco_ADAM_SmartBASIC_The_Flying_Walloons
This is a BASIC animation recorded using read hardware for the Coleco ADAM computer. It comes from the book 32 BASIC Programs for the Coleco ADAM.
- published: 14 Mar 2012
- views: 216
- author: Justin Salvato
Walloon Lake - 4th of July
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 16 Sep 2011
Me, Becky and Tor jumping in the lake - WOO!
http://wn.com/Walloon_Lake_4th_of_July
Social Traveling on Camino de Santiago - 3 - Walloon girl singing in Dutch :-)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:13
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Meet Valerie-Anne! She's like me from Belgium but from the French part. Here she proves that they also master the dutch language in the south of Belgium. ;-) Explored El Camino de Santiago with Friends and Followers. Don't hesitate to share my video's with your friends. Big Thx More about my travels: www.thesocialtraveler.net Follow in my footsteps www.facebook.com www.twitter.com www.google.com
http://wn.com/Social_Traveling_on_Camino_de_Santiago_3_Walloon_girl_singing_in_Dutch_-
Meet Valerie-Anne! She's like me from Belgium but from the French part. Here she proves that they also master the dutch language in the south of Belgium. ;-) Explored El Camino de Santiago with Friends and Followers. Don't hesitate to share my video's with your friends. Big Thx More about my travels: www.thesocialtraveler.net Follow in my footsteps www.facebook.com www.twitter.com www.google.com
- published: 17 Jul 2010
- views: 277
- author: TheSocialTraveler
How to Pronounce Walloon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:13
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
Learn how to say Walloon correctly with EmmaSaying's "how do you pronounce" free tutorials. Definition of Walloon (oxford dictionary): noun 1a member of a people who speak a French dialect and live in southern and eastern Belgium and neighbouring parts of France. Compare with Fleming. 2 [mass noun] the French dialect spoken by the Walloons. adjective of or concerning the Walloons or their language. Origin: from French Wallon, from medieval Latin Wallo(n-), from the same Germanic origin as Welsh www.emmasaying.com
http://wn.com/How_to_Pronounce_Walloon
Learn how to say Walloon correctly with EmmaSaying's "how do you pronounce" free tutorials. Definition of Walloon (oxford dictionary): noun 1a member of a people who speak a French dialect and live in southern and eastern Belgium and neighbouring parts of France. Compare with Fleming. 2 [mass noun] the French dialect spoken by the Walloons. adjective of or concerning the Walloons or their language. Origin: from French Wallon, from medieval Latin Wallo(n-), from the same Germanic origin as Welsh www.emmasaying.com
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 22
- author: Emma Saying
New book details Walloons history in Wisconsin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
See fox11online.com for full story
http://wn.com/New_book_details_Walloons_history_in_Wisconsin
Skating on Walloon Lake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
skating on walloon
http://wn.com/Skating_on_Walloon_Lake
WSL, Walloon incubator for engineering sciences
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 17 Oct 2012
WSL is a Walloon business incubator dedicated to innovative projects from all fields of engineering sciences (space applications, green technologies, IT, micro-technologies...) Since, 1999 WSL has assisted creating and developing more than fifty start-ups and spin-offs companies, thereby contributing to the creation of 220 plus new jobs in Wallonia.
http://wn.com/WSL,_Walloon_incubator_for_engineering_sciences
WSL is a Walloon business incubator dedicated to innovative projects from all fields of engineering sciences (space applications, green technologies, IT, micro-technologies...) Since, 1999 WSL has assisted creating and developing more than fifty start-ups and spin-offs companies, thereby contributing to the creation of 220 plus new jobs in Wallonia.
- published: 27 Sep 2012
- views: 10
- author: Silvia Mercuri
2 Walloons jumping on Barbie Girl
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 06 Apr 2012
Isabelle Dupont and Jean-Philippe Dupont from Bouillon jumping on barbie girl
http://wn.com/2_Walloons_jumping_on_Barbie_Girl
Isabelle Dupont and Jean-Philippe Dupont from Bouillon jumping on barbie girl
- published: 18 Apr 2007
- views: 1228
- author: MakeMyDaaij
Walloon - Miasr
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Updated: 29 May 2012
This was a very fun piece to write
http://wn.com/Walloon_Miasr
Walloon Lake.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Updated: 12 Jul 2011
Aerial view of Walloon Lake from an RC airplane. 7-9-2011
http://wn.com/Walloon_Lakewmv
Aerial view of Walloon Lake from an RC airplane. 7-9-2011
- published: 12 Jul 2011
- views: 151
- author: msptpr
02027 North Shore, Walloon Lake, MI - $339000
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
www.realestateone.com $339000 02027 North Shore Walloon Lake, MI 49796 Completely Updated 4 Bedroom Home Is Located In The Heart Of Historic Walloon Village. Located Across The Street From Walloon Lake Access & Situated Among Many Of Walloon's First Homes. The Open Floor Plan On The Main Level Boasts Spacious Kitchen, Dining & Living Areas. Spacious Master Bedroom Suite Has A Fireplace & Private Deck Area With Peeks Of The Water. Lower Level Has Been Finished As A Family Room/exercise Area. Enjoy The Spacious Front Porch While Sipping Your Lemonade Nestled In The Porch Swing! School District: Petoskey Listed by Lively, Craig () - Real Estate One () www.realestateone.com
http://wn.com/02027_North_Shore,_Walloon_Lake,_MI_339000
www.realestateone.com $339000 02027 North Shore Walloon Lake, MI 49796 Completely Updated 4 Bedroom Home Is Located In The Heart Of Historic Walloon Village. Located Across The Street From Walloon Lake Access & Situated Among Many Of Walloon's First Homes. The Open Floor Plan On The Main Level Boasts Spacious Kitchen, Dining & Living Areas. Spacious Master Bedroom Suite Has A Fireplace & Private Deck Area With Peeks Of The Water. Lower Level Has Been Finished As A Family Room/exercise Area. Enjoy The Spacious Front Porch While Sipping Your Lemonade Nestled In The Porch Swing! School District: Petoskey Listed by Lively, Craig () - Real Estate One () www.realestateone.com
- published: 01 Feb 2013
- views: 4
- author: REOneHomes200Kto350K
Summer at Walloon Lake 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 15 Feb 2013
kyle megan mckenna allie taylor matt lyn karen jeff and sue all at walloon in the summer. displaying their water riding talent!
http://wn.com/Summer_at_Walloon_Lake_2011
kyle megan mckenna allie taylor matt lyn karen jeff and sue all at walloon in the summer. displaying their water riding talent!
- published: 25 Jul 2011
- views: 151
- author: scooterGUYhelp
Walloon Sailors Friday Match Racing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Friday afternoon match racing practice at Walloon Sailors Inc. on Walloon Lake, Michigan
http://wn.com/Walloon_Sailors_Friday_Match_Racing
Friday afternoon match racing practice at Walloon Sailors Inc. on Walloon Lake, Michigan
- published: 14 Jul 2009
- views: 134
- author: walloonsailors
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Belgium : no face and no language
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 04 Jan 2012
The languages in Belgium were walloon and flemish. Only the walloons accepted the imported language.
http://wn.com/Belgium_no_face_and_no_language
The languages in Belgium were walloon and flemish. Only the walloons accepted the imported language.
- published: 23 Jul 2008
- views: 3128
- author: belgiumtoday
Why Wally Kidd
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 28 May 2011
Let's face it: nobody actually needs a home on Walloon Lake. Buying a home here is about an emotional connection between the property and the buyer. That connection starts with a story and the story of every property on Walloon is different. That story might start in a cottages age or its view of the lake. It might lie in its location or in its original owners. But one thing is for certain; with over 90 years of family history on the lake, no one is better at telling your story than I am. Here's what I'm saying - it's more important now than ever to choose the right Realtor. Interview them, challenge them. Ask tough questions and above all, be thorough. You wouldn't choose a surgeon who only operated once or twice a year, would you? Cottages on Walloon are worth millions of dollars, selling them is a BIG deal. Hiring a broker who consistently performs and has the talent to deliver results is the wise choice. If you are considering selling your home on Walloon Lake, please call me. What's your story?
http://wn.com/Why_Wally_Kidd
Let's face it: nobody actually needs a home on Walloon Lake. Buying a home here is about an emotional connection between the property and the buyer. That connection starts with a story and the story of every property on Walloon is different. That story might start in a cottages age or its view of the lake. It might lie in its location or in its original owners. But one thing is for certain; with over 90 years of family history on the lake, no one is better at telling your story than I am. Here's what I'm saying - it's more important now than ever to choose the right Realtor. Interview them, challenge them. Ask tough questions and above all, be thorough. You wouldn't choose a surgeon who only operated once or twice a year, would you? Cottages on Walloon are worth millions of dollars, selling them is a BIG deal. Hiring a broker who consistently performs and has the talent to deliver results is the wise choice. If you are considering selling your home on Walloon Lake, please call me. What's your story?
- published: 28 May 2011
- views: 119
- author: lawmarie1
Wat Als (Frans): Que se passe-t-il si
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:50
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
(French and English explanation below) Dit amateurfilmke is gemaakt voor een schoolopdracht: excursie naar Luik, België, en daarna Walen interviewen. Het is bewerkt in de stijl van ''Wat Als'', een Vlaams programma van 2BE. Opmerking: ons Frans is niet perfect, dus geen opmerkingen geven daarover. Merci. Cet amateurvideo est fabriqué pour une charge de l'école: une excursion à Liège, Belgique. On a interviewé des wallons. C'est à la style de ''Wat Als'' (= Que se passe-t-il si), un programme flamand. Notre français n'est pas parfait, alors, ne donne pas des remarques. Merci. This amateurvid has been made for a school assignment: excursion to Liège, Belgium. We had to interview Walloons. The vid has been edited in the style of ''Wat Als'' (= what if (for example: what if a referee would be a lifeguard (then you see a video of a football match. Players are running, when suddenly the referee (who now is a lifeguard) blows his whistle and says: No running))) , a famous Belgian program(me) on 2BE. Our French is not perfect, so don't give comments on that. Thank you. I do not owe the songs.
http://wn.com/Wat_Als_Frans_Que_se_passe-t-il_si
(French and English explanation below) Dit amateurfilmke is gemaakt voor een schoolopdracht: excursie naar Luik, België, en daarna Walen interviewen. Het is bewerkt in de stijl van ''Wat Als'', een Vlaams programma van 2BE. Opmerking: ons Frans is niet perfect, dus geen opmerkingen geven daarover. Merci. Cet amateurvideo est fabriqué pour une charge de l'école: une excursion à Liège, Belgique. On a interviewé des wallons. C'est à la style de ''Wat Als'' (= Que se passe-t-il si), un programme flamand. Notre français n'est pas parfait, alors, ne donne pas des remarques. Merci. This amateurvid has been made for a school assignment: excursion to Liège, Belgium. We had to interview Walloons. The vid has been edited in the style of ''Wat Als'' (= what if (for example: what if a referee would be a lifeguard (then you see a video of a football match. Players are running, when suddenly the referee (who now is a lifeguard) blows his whistle and says: No running))) , a famous Belgian program(me) on 2BE. Our French is not perfect, so don't give comments on that. Thank you. I do not owe the songs.
- published: 21 May 2011
- views: 902
- author: Woody Dubbie
Business ITV - Meusinvest Director Gaëtan Servais about Walloon economy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 06 May 2011
www.hec.ulg.ac.be Business School Management Masters HEC-ULg Liege Belgium - Gaëtan Servais (Meusinvest Director) interview by Jean-Pascal Labille (HEC-ULg affiliate Professor) about "Vision of the Walloon Economy" - Spoke in French http - Join us on Facebook ! twitter.com - Follow us on Twitter !
http://wn.com/Business_ITV_Meusinvest_Director_Gaëtan_Servais_about_Walloon_economy
www.hec.ulg.ac.be Business School Management Masters HEC-ULg Liege Belgium - Gaëtan Servais (Meusinvest Director) interview by Jean-Pascal Labille (HEC-ULg affiliate Professor) about "Vision of the Walloon Economy" - Spoke in French http - Join us on Facebook ! twitter.com - Follow us on Twitter !
- published: 06 May 2011
- views: 70
- author: HECEcoleDeGestionULg
Interview with Johan Derouane, Hydrogeologist for the Wallonia region, Belgium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Updated: 02 Apr 2012
Johan Derouane, expert hydrogeologist, explains the public-private partnership between the group Spadel, the city of Spa and the region of Wallonia in Belgium, working together to protect and manage the underground water resources of the area.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Johan_Derouane,_Hydrogeologist_for_the_Wallonia_region,_Belgium
Johan Derouane, expert hydrogeologist, explains the public-private partnership between the group Spadel, the city of Spa and the region of Wallonia in Belgium, working together to protect and manage the underground water resources of the area.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 187
- author: BottledWatersEurope
Ton Koopman - Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
Interview in dutch, english subtitles availeble! Harpsichord player Ton Koopman is interviewed by Melchior Huurdeman. They talk about Dietrich Buxtehude and Johann Sebastian Bach. Ton Koopman also talks about his teacher Gustav Leonhardt (1928 - 2012
http://wn.com/Ton_Koopman_Interview
Interview in dutch, english subtitles availeble! Harpsichord player Ton Koopman is interviewed by Melchior Huurdeman. They talk about Dietrich Buxtehude and Johann Sebastian Bach. Ton Koopman also talks about his teacher Gustav Leonhardt (1928 - 2012
- published: 13 Sep 2012
- views: 1570
- author: Vrijegeluiden
Interview d'un client de Vérandas Confort Belgique
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
Un propriétaire du Brabant Wallon a choisi de construire une véranda monopente sur coursive avec Vérandas Confort Belgique. Découvrez son expérience et ses conseils pour réussir votre extension de maison. Retrouvez plus d'informations et d'autres témoignages sur : www.verandasconfort.be
http://wn.com/Interview_d'un_client_de_Vérandas_Confort_Belgique
Un propriétaire du Brabant Wallon a choisi de construire une véranda monopente sur coursive avec Vérandas Confort Belgique. Découvrez son expérience et ses conseils pour réussir votre extension de maison. Retrouvez plus d'informations et d'autres témoignages sur : www.verandasconfort.be
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 1554
- author: VerandasConfort
Interviews de 3 joueurs wallons
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 24 Jun 2010
Interview de JokingOld de pokyz.be, de Fishou et de Coconuts juste avant le début du Day2 et des places payées.
http://wn.com/Interviews_de_3_joueurs_wallons
Interview de JokingOld de pokyz.be, de Fishou et de Coconuts juste avant le début du Day2 et des places payées.
- published: 18 Oct 2009
- views: 208
- author: chupspokyzz
Antoine Perdaens / Knowledgeplaza (2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 19 Aug 2010
Plus d'informations sur : knowledgeplaza.be http Réalisation : Laurent Ingels Production : Olivier Evrard
http://wn.com/Antoine_Perdaens_Knowledgeplaza_2009
Plus d'informations sur : knowledgeplaza.be http Réalisation : Laurent Ingels Production : Olivier Evrard
- published: 07 Jan 2010
- views: 780
- author: Talentswallons
Interview Catherine Ronse, écologiste brabançonne.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 21 Nov 2009
Catherine Ronse fait partie des pionnières d'Ecolo en Brabant Wallon. Elle est interviewée dans un manège, dans le cadre du film « The New Dyle » qui commémore les 25 ans de présence verte en « Wallifornie ». Un film qui sortira le 24 janvier 2009.
http://wn.com/Interview_Catherine_Ronse,_écologiste_brabançonne
Catherine Ronse fait partie des pionnières d'Ecolo en Brabant Wallon. Elle est interviewée dans un manège, dans le cadre du film « The New Dyle » qui commémore les 25 ans de présence verte en « Wallifornie ». Un film qui sortira le 24 janvier 2009.
- published: 29 Dec 2008
- views: 167
- author: Benoit Dive
Decizium interview at CTS 08 - WIC La BAule - June 6, 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 24 Sep 2009
Thierry Bosser, Managing Director of Decizium, a Walloon start up, shows his company at the CTS and explains why he attends this event in La Baule.
http://wn.com/Decizium_interview_at_CTS_08_WIC_La_BAule_June_6,_2008
Thierry Bosser, Managing Director of Decizium, a Walloon start up, shows his company at the CTS and explains why he attends this event in La Baule.
- published: 13 Jun 2008
- views: 63
- author: Nolwenngbick
Franz Goovaerts "The Elvis Memorial Show" Interview Juin 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:19
- Updated: 07 Jun 2012
WEBI "Week End Belgo-Italien" (Tubize Festival) 2012. Interview par TVCom (La télé du Brabant Wallon) dans "D-Branché": Antal & Pablo Artistes: AcaDance / Gaêlle / ... Dans cette interview, des extraits de: Polk Salad, Love me tender, Heartbreak Hotel, All Shook up, Put your hand in the hand, Hound dog, ... & Walking in Memphis
http://wn.com/Franz_Goovaerts_The_Elvis_Memorial_Show_Interview_Juin_2012
WEBI "Week End Belgo-Italien" (Tubize Festival) 2012. Interview par TVCom (La télé du Brabant Wallon) dans "D-Branché": Antal & Pablo Artistes: AcaDance / Gaêlle / ... Dans cette interview, des extraits de: Polk Salad, Love me tender, Heartbreak Hotel, All Shook up, Put your hand in the hand, Hound dog, ... & Walking in Memphis
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 349
- author: Franz G.
Belgium: The Endless Language Dispute | European Journal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Another Belgian government has just collapsed because of a dispute over language. The coalition headed by Prime Minister Yves Leterme lasted just five months. The break-up comes only a few weeks before Belgium is due to take over the rotating EU presidency.The long-simmering spat centers around Francophone Belgians living in the Dutch-speaking suburbs around the capital. Some French speakers there continue to refuse to learn Dutch. But Flemish politicians insist that Dutch is the only official language in those areas. Francophone mayors who sent out election notices in French have not been confirmed in office. And soon anyone wishing to buy a house in the suburbs around Brussels may have to prove that they can speak Dutch fluently. The gulf between French-speaking Walloons and the Dutch-speaking Flemish continues to grow.
http://wn.com/Belgium_The_Endless_Language_Dispute_|_European_Journal
Another Belgian government has just collapsed because of a dispute over language. The coalition headed by Prime Minister Yves Leterme lasted just five months. The break-up comes only a few weeks before Belgium is due to take over the rotating EU presidency.The long-simmering spat centers around Francophone Belgians living in the Dutch-speaking suburbs around the capital. Some French speakers there continue to refuse to learn Dutch. But Flemish politicians insist that Dutch is the only official language in those areas. Francophone mayors who sent out election notices in French have not been confirmed in office. And soon anyone wishing to buy a house in the suburbs around Brussels may have to prove that they can speak Dutch fluently. The gulf between French-speaking Walloons and the Dutch-speaking Flemish continues to grow.
- published: 30 Apr 2010
- views: 8659
- author: deutschewelleenglish
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25 SPEEDTYRES est votre nouveau spécialiste en Wallonie! Trois stations sont déjà ouvertes à Tarcienne (Charleroi) et Francorchamps, et d'autres sont prévues partout en région wallonne. Un choix vaste parmi les plus grandes marques, service montage, équilibrage, mais aussi changement de batterie, achat de jantes, etc...
http://wn.com/Présentation_de_la_société_Speed_Tyres_interview_max_25
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25 SPEEDTYRES est votre nouveau spécialiste en Wallonie! Trois stations sont déjà ouvertes à Tarcienne (Charleroi) et Francorchamps, et d'autres sont prévues partout en région wallonne. Un choix vaste parmi les plus grandes marques, service montage, équilibrage, mais aussi changement de batterie, achat de jantes, etc...
- published: 07 Feb 2013
- views: 16
- author: Daniel Giusto
(EN) Interview of Emmanuel WART
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:10
- Updated: 11 Jan 2011
Interview of Emmanuel WART, bourgmestre de Les Bons Villers (Mellet). Measure 321: Basic services for the rural population.
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Emmanuel_WART
Interview of Emmanuel WART, bourgmestre de Les Bons Villers (Mellet). Measure 321: Basic services for the rural population.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 26
- author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Hervé FILLEUL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 21 Jan 2011
Interview of Hervé FILLEUL Measure 312: Creation and development of micro-enterprises
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Hervé_FILLEUL
Interview of Hervé FILLEUL Measure 312: Creation and development of micro-enterprises
- published: 21 Jan 2011
- views: 27
- author: PDRwallon
TV: André Siwy (violon) invité par Alexandre Debrus (cello) dans la Clé de Fa / (Complète).
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:52
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
L'émission "La Clé de Fa II" fut tournée avec le violoniste André SIWY (Première diffusion: Mars 2002). Le violoncelliste Alexandre Debrus a également présenté une émission télévisée de musique classique appelée " La Clé de Fa ", dont il est l'initiateur du concept avec le réalisateur Belge Olivier HERMAN, diffusée sur les Télévisions communautaires du pays, du Luxembourg, et produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon "TVCOM". Emission tournée à la "Chapelle Musicale Reine Elisabeth de Belgique". Waterloo (Belgique). Nous y retrouvons également la participation de : Sébastien Lienart (piano) Weronika Godlewska (violon) Stéphanie Salmin (piano) Archive TVCOM : 2002 Réalisation : Olivier HERMAN Présentation : Alexandre Debrus Production : Jean-Michel TEHEUX Produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon, TVCOM.
http://wn.com/TV_André_Siwy_violon_invité_par_Alexandre_Debrus_cello_dans_la_Clé_de_Fa_Complète
L'émission "La Clé de Fa II" fut tournée avec le violoniste André SIWY (Première diffusion: Mars 2002). Le violoncelliste Alexandre Debrus a également présenté une émission télévisée de musique classique appelée " La Clé de Fa ", dont il est l'initiateur du concept avec le réalisateur Belge Olivier HERMAN, diffusée sur les Télévisions communautaires du pays, du Luxembourg, et produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon "TVCOM". Emission tournée à la "Chapelle Musicale Reine Elisabeth de Belgique". Waterloo (Belgique). Nous y retrouvons également la participation de : Sébastien Lienart (piano) Weronika Godlewska (violon) Stéphanie Salmin (piano) Archive TVCOM : 2002 Réalisation : Olivier HERMAN Présentation : Alexandre Debrus Production : Jean-Michel TEHEUX Produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon, TVCOM.
- published: 01 Feb 2012
- views: 65
- author: dingaling1380
(EN) Interview of Frédéric LISEIN
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 11 Jan 2011
Interview of Frédéric LISEIN, Braives. Measure 214: Agri-environment measures.
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Frédéric_LISEIN
Interview of Frédéric LISEIN, Braives. Measure 214: Agri-environment measures.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 12
- author: PDRwallon
Michel Lebrun: "Rio+20 sera une concrétisation de la Stratégie Europe 2020 au niveau local"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
Michel Lebrun (PPE/BE), Membre du Parlement de la Communauté française de Belgique, parle des initiatives prises par la région wallonne, notamment dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, afin de contribuer à la Stratégie Europe 2020. Il fait part également du message qu'il souhaite relayer au Sommet de la Terre de Rio en juin 2012. L'interview a été enregistrée lors du 5ème Sommet européen des villes et des régions qui s'est tenu à Copenhague les 22 et 23 mars 2012.
http://wn.com/Michel_Lebrun_Rio+20_sera_une_concrétisation_de_la_Stratégie_Europe_2020_au_niveau_local
Michel Lebrun (PPE/BE), Membre du Parlement de la Communauté française de Belgique, parle des initiatives prises par la région wallonne, notamment dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, afin de contribuer à la Stratégie Europe 2020. Il fait part également du message qu'il souhaite relayer au Sommet de la Terre de Rio en juin 2012. L'interview a été enregistrée lors du 5ème Sommet européen des villes et des régions qui s'est tenu à Copenhague les 22 et 23 mars 2012.
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- views: 57
- author: pressecdr
Interview de René Branders (Président de Coperni²C) chez TVCOM (Brabant Wallon)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Interview_de_René_Branders_Président_de_Coperni²C_chez_TVCOM_Brabant_Wallon
(EN) Interview of Denis AMERLYNCK & Philippe HANSENNE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 11 Jan 2011
Interview of Denis AMERLYNCK, GAL Haute-Sure Forêt d'Anlier & Philippe HANSENNE, Gennevaux (Léglise). Axis 4: Leader.
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Denis_AMERLYNCK_Philippe_HANSENNE
Interview of Denis AMERLYNCK, GAL Haute-Sure Forêt d'Anlier & Philippe HANSENNE, Gennevaux (Léglise). Axis 4: Leader.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 36
- author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Marie-Laure BOTTELIER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 11 Jan 2011
Interview of Marie-Laure BOTTELIER. Measure 112: Setting up young farmers, AIDA.
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Marie-Laure_BOTTELIER
Interview of Marie-Laure BOTTELIER. Measure 112: Setting up young farmers, AIDA.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 40
- author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Grégory ETIENNE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 11 Jan 2011
Interview of Grégory ETIENNE (FJA). Measure 111: Professional training and information campaigns.
http://wn.com/EN_Interview_of_Grégory_ETIENNE
Interview of Grégory ETIENNE (FJA). Measure 111: Professional training and information campaigns.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 19
- author: PDRwallon
1:37
Belgium : no face and no language
The languages in Belgium were walloon and flemish. Only the walloons accepted the imported...
published: 23 Jul 2008
author: belgiumtoday
Belgium : no face and no language
The languages in Belgium were walloon and flemish. Only the walloons accepted the imported language.
- published: 23 Jul 2008
- views: 3128
- author: belgiumtoday
1:32
Why Wally Kidd
Let's face it: nobody actually needs a home on Walloon Lake. Buying a home here is about a...
published: 28 May 2011
author: lawmarie1
Why Wally Kidd
Let's face it: nobody actually needs a home on Walloon Lake. Buying a home here is about an emotional connection between the property and the buyer. That connection starts with a story and the story of every property on Walloon is different. That story might start in a cottages age or its view of the lake. It might lie in its location or in its original owners. But one thing is for certain; with over 90 years of family history on the lake, no one is better at telling your story than I am. Here's what I'm saying - it's more important now than ever to choose the right Realtor. Interview them, challenge them. Ask tough questions and above all, be thorough. You wouldn't choose a surgeon who only operated once or twice a year, would you? Cottages on Walloon are worth millions of dollars, selling them is a BIG deal. Hiring a broker who consistently performs and has the talent to deliver results is the wise choice. If you are considering selling your home on Walloon Lake, please call me. What's your story?
- published: 28 May 2011
- views: 119
- author: lawmarie1
10:50
Wat Als (Frans): Que se passe-t-il si
(French and English explanation below) Dit amateurfilmke is gemaakt voor een schoolopdrach...
published: 21 May 2011
author: Woody Dubbie
Wat Als (Frans): Que se passe-t-il si
(French and English explanation below) Dit amateurfilmke is gemaakt voor een schoolopdracht: excursie naar Luik, België, en daarna Walen interviewen. Het is bewerkt in de stijl van ''Wat Als'', een Vlaams programma van 2BE. Opmerking: ons Frans is niet perfect, dus geen opmerkingen geven daarover. Merci. Cet amateurvideo est fabriqué pour une charge de l'école: une excursion à Liège, Belgique. On a interviewé des wallons. C'est à la style de ''Wat Als'' (= Que se passe-t-il si), un programme flamand. Notre français n'est pas parfait, alors, ne donne pas des remarques. Merci. This amateurvid has been made for a school assignment: excursion to Liège, Belgium. We had to interview Walloons. The vid has been edited in the style of ''Wat Als'' (= what if (for example: what if a referee would be a lifeguard (then you see a video of a football match. Players are running, when suddenly the referee (who now is a lifeguard) blows his whistle and says: No running))) , a famous Belgian program(me) on 2BE. Our French is not perfect, so don't give comments on that. Thank you. I do not owe the songs.
- published: 21 May 2011
- views: 902
- author: Woody Dubbie
4:14
Business ITV - Meusinvest Director Gaëtan Servais about Walloon economy
www.hec.ulg.ac.be Business School Management Masters HEC-ULg Liege Belgium - Gaëtan Servai...
published: 06 May 2011
author: HECEcoleDeGestionULg
Business ITV - Meusinvest Director Gaëtan Servais about Walloon economy
www.hec.ulg.ac.be Business School Management Masters HEC-ULg Liege Belgium - Gaëtan Servais (Meusinvest Director) interview by Jean-Pascal Labille (HEC-ULg affiliate Professor) about "Vision of the Walloon Economy" - Spoke in French http - Join us on Facebook ! twitter.com - Follow us on Twitter !
- published: 06 May 2011
- views: 70
- author: HECEcoleDeGestionULg
1:53
Interview with Johan Derouane, Hydrogeologist for the Wallonia region, Belgium
Johan Derouane, expert hydrogeologist, explains the public-private partnership between the...
published: 08 Dec 2011
author: BottledWatersEurope
Interview with Johan Derouane, Hydrogeologist for the Wallonia region, Belgium
Johan Derouane, expert hydrogeologist, explains the public-private partnership between the group Spadel, the city of Spa and the region of Wallonia in Belgium, working together to protect and manage the underground water resources of the area.
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 187
- author: BottledWatersEurope
12:32
Ton Koopman - Interview
Interview in dutch, english subtitles availeble! Harpsichord player Ton Koopman is intervi...
published: 13 Sep 2012
author: Vrijegeluiden
Ton Koopman - Interview
Interview in dutch, english subtitles availeble! Harpsichord player Ton Koopman is interviewed by Melchior Huurdeman. They talk about Dietrich Buxtehude and Johann Sebastian Bach. Ton Koopman also talks about his teacher Gustav Leonhardt (1928 - 2012
- published: 13 Sep 2012
- views: 1570
- author: Vrijegeluiden
2:47
Interview d'un client de Vérandas Confort Belgique
Un propriétaire du Brabant Wallon a choisi de construire une véranda monopente sur coursiv...
published: 22 Jun 2012
author: VerandasConfort
Interview d'un client de Vérandas Confort Belgique
Un propriétaire du Brabant Wallon a choisi de construire une véranda monopente sur coursive avec Vérandas Confort Belgique. Découvrez son expérience et ses conseils pour réussir votre extension de maison. Retrouvez plus d'informations et d'autres témoignages sur : www.verandasconfort.be
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 1554
- author: VerandasConfort
4:32
Interviews de 3 joueurs wallons
Interview de JokingOld de pokyz.be, de Fishou et de Coconuts juste avant le début du Day2 ...
published: 18 Oct 2009
author: chupspokyzz
Interviews de 3 joueurs wallons
Interview de JokingOld de pokyz.be, de Fishou et de Coconuts juste avant le début du Day2 et des places payées.
- published: 18 Oct 2009
- views: 208
- author: chupspokyzz
1:16
Antoine Perdaens / Knowledgeplaza (2009)
Plus d'informations sur : knowledgeplaza.be http Réalisation : Laurent Ingels Production :...
published: 07 Jan 2010
author: Talentswallons
Antoine Perdaens / Knowledgeplaza (2009)
Plus d'informations sur : knowledgeplaza.be http Réalisation : Laurent Ingels Production : Olivier Evrard
- published: 07 Jan 2010
- views: 780
- author: Talentswallons
4:57
Interview Catherine Ronse, écologiste brabançonne.
Catherine Ronse fait partie des pionnières d'Ecolo en Brabant Wallon. Elle est interviewée...
published: 29 Dec 2008
author: Benoit Dive
Interview Catherine Ronse, écologiste brabançonne.
Catherine Ronse fait partie des pionnières d'Ecolo en Brabant Wallon. Elle est interviewée dans un manège, dans le cadre du film « The New Dyle » qui commémore les 25 ans de présence verte en « Wallifornie ». Un film qui sortira le 24 janvier 2009.
- published: 29 Dec 2008
- views: 167
- author: Benoit Dive
4:30
Decizium interview at CTS 08 - WIC La BAule - June 6, 2008
Thierry Bosser, Managing Director of Decizium, a Walloon start up, shows his company at th...
published: 13 Jun 2008
author: Nolwenngbick
Decizium interview at CTS 08 - WIC La BAule - June 6, 2008
Thierry Bosser, Managing Director of Decizium, a Walloon start up, shows his company at the CTS and explains why he attends this event in La Baule.
- published: 13 Jun 2008
- views: 63
- author: Nolwenngbick
6:19
Franz Goovaerts "The Elvis Memorial Show" Interview Juin 2012
WEBI "Week End Belgo-Italien" (Tubize Festival) 2012. Interview par TVCom (La télé du Brab...
published: 07 Jun 2012
author: Franz G.
Franz Goovaerts "The Elvis Memorial Show" Interview Juin 2012
WEBI "Week End Belgo-Italien" (Tubize Festival) 2012. Interview par TVCom (La télé du Brabant Wallon) dans "D-Branché": Antal & Pablo Artistes: AcaDance / Gaêlle / ... Dans cette interview, des extraits de: Polk Salad, Love me tender, Heartbreak Hotel, All Shook up, Put your hand in the hand, Hound dog, ... & Walking in Memphis
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 349
- author: Franz G.
3:36
Belgium: The Endless Language Dispute | European Journal
Another Belgian government has just collapsed because of a dispute over language. The coal...
published: 30 Apr 2010
author: deutschewelleenglish
Belgium: The Endless Language Dispute | European Journal
Another Belgian government has just collapsed because of a dispute over language. The coalition headed by Prime Minister Yves Leterme lasted just five months. The break-up comes only a few weeks before Belgium is due to take over the rotating EU presidency.The long-simmering spat centers around Francophone Belgians living in the Dutch-speaking suburbs around the capital. Some French speakers there continue to refuse to learn Dutch. But Flemish politicians insist that Dutch is the only official language in those areas. Francophone mayors who sent out election notices in French have not been confirmed in office. And soon anyone wishing to buy a house in the suburbs around Brussels may have to prove that they can speak Dutch fluently. The gulf between French-speaking Walloons and the Dutch-speaking Flemish continues to grow.
- published: 30 Apr 2010
- views: 8659
- author: deutschewelleenglish
9:04
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25 SPEEDTYRES est votre nouveau spéci...
published: 07 Feb 2013
author: Daniel Giusto
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25
Présentation de la société Speed Tyres interview max 25 SPEEDTYRES est votre nouveau spécialiste en Wallonie! Trois stations sont déjà ouvertes à Tarcienne (Charleroi) et Francorchamps, et d'autres sont prévues partout en région wallonne. Un choix vaste parmi les plus grandes marques, service montage, équilibrage, mais aussi changement de batterie, achat de jantes, etc...
- published: 07 Feb 2013
- views: 16
- author: Daniel Giusto
Vimeo results:
18:12
Southern Star Walloon Grisette
published: 26 Apr 2011
author: ABI Digital Solutions
Southern Star Walloon Grisette
13:41
Ferny Grove to Walloon
Second ride from Ferny Grove to Walloon.
Great day for a ride and a great turnout of rider...
published: 06 Oct 2011
author: Darb Ryan
Ferny Grove to Walloon
Second ride from Ferny Grove to Walloon.
Great day for a ride and a great turnout of riders for the adventure
sorry about the over exposure at the start
Youtube results:
5:10
(EN) Interview of Emmanuel WART
Interview of Emmanuel WART, bourgmestre de Les Bons Villers (Mellet). Measure 321: Basic s...
published: 11 Jan 2011
author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Emmanuel WART
Interview of Emmanuel WART, bourgmestre de Les Bons Villers (Mellet). Measure 321: Basic services for the rural population.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 26
- author: PDRwallon
6:09
(EN) Interview of Hervé FILLEUL
Interview of Hervé FILLEUL Measure 312: Creation and development of micro-enterprises...
published: 21 Jan 2011
author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Hervé FILLEUL
Interview of Hervé FILLEUL Measure 312: Creation and development of micro-enterprises
- published: 21 Jan 2011
- views: 27
- author: PDRwallon
30:52
TV: André Siwy (violon) invité par Alexandre Debrus (cello) dans la Clé de Fa / (Complète).
L'émission "La Clé de Fa II" fut tournée avec le violoniste André SIWY (Première diffusion...
published: 01 Feb 2012
author: dingaling1380
TV: André Siwy (violon) invité par Alexandre Debrus (cello) dans la Clé de Fa / (Complète).
L'émission "La Clé de Fa II" fut tournée avec le violoniste André SIWY (Première diffusion: Mars 2002). Le violoncelliste Alexandre Debrus a également présenté une émission télévisée de musique classique appelée " La Clé de Fa ", dont il est l'initiateur du concept avec le réalisateur Belge Olivier HERMAN, diffusée sur les Télévisions communautaires du pays, du Luxembourg, et produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon "TVCOM". Emission tournée à la "Chapelle Musicale Reine Elisabeth de Belgique". Waterloo (Belgique). Nous y retrouvons également la participation de : Sébastien Lienart (piano) Weronika Godlewska (violon) Stéphanie Salmin (piano) Archive TVCOM : 2002 Réalisation : Olivier HERMAN Présentation : Alexandre Debrus Production : Jean-Michel TEHEUX Produite par la télévision du Brabant Wallon, TVCOM.
- published: 01 Feb 2012
- views: 65
- author: dingaling1380
2:14
(EN) Interview of Frédéric LISEIN
Interview of Frédéric LISEIN, Braives. Measure 214: Agri-environment measures....
published: 11 Jan 2011
author: PDRwallon
(EN) Interview of Frédéric LISEIN
Interview of Frédéric LISEIN, Braives. Measure 214: Agri-environment measures.
- published: 11 Jan 2011
- views: 12
- author: PDRwallon
photo: Malacañang Photo Bureau / Jay Morales
01 Mar 2013
TERESA CEROJANO. Associated Press= MANILA, Philippines (AP) — Shooting erupted in a Malaysian village that has been occupied by nearly 200 members of a Filipino clan for three weeks, but the Malaysian home minister denied Friday that his forces were responsible. Members of a Muslim royal clan from the southern Philippines landed in a coastal village in Malaysia's Sabah state on Feb ... He said his plan was "to fight." ... --- ... World news....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
02 Mar 2013
Srinagar, March 02.. Two local policemen were killed by separatist guerrillas in a hit-and-run attack in Kupwara district of north Kashmir Saturday. A senior police officer told IANS that militants fired from close range at two constables of an armed battalion near the bus stand in Handwara town, 75 kilometres from here this morning ... The area has been cordoned off and searches have started in the town....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: AP / Hussein Malla
03 Mar 2013
Syrian president Bashar Assad has accused the British government of being "naive, confused and unrealistic" in its approach to the conflict in his country and warned of dire consequences if the West armed its rebels. In an interview with the Sunday Times Mr Assad said Britain was sacrificing peace talks to push for an end to an EU arms embargo, which would allow rebels to be armed ... "We do not expect an arsonist to be a firefighter." ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP
03 Mar 2013
"Our path to freedom is irreversible," declared Nelson Mandela on February 11, 1990. Addressing over fifty thousand cheering South African supporters in Cape Town, he had just been freed after three decades of imprisonment ... Millions of South Africans accepted his challenge. Political violence and interethnic tensions soon diminished. Educational and employment opportunities increased ... Without one the other two cannot exist....(size: 4.3Kb)
noodls
03 Mar 2013
(Source. Ipswich City Council). BoM warning for Bremer River 1pm 3 March 2013. 3 March 2013 ... Minor to moderate flood levels are currently easing between Spressers Bridge and Walloon and will continue to ease throughout Sunday ... -ENDS-....(size: 1.1Kb)
noodls
03 Mar 2013
(Source. Ipswich City Council). BoM flood warning Bremer River 5.31pm 3 March 2013. 3 March 2013. BREMER RIVER.. Minor flood levels are currently easing between Spressers Bridge and Walloon and will continue to ease throughout Sunday ... -ENDS-....(size: 1.1Kb)
The Examiner
03 Mar 2013
As debate over pending right-to-work legislation heats up in more states, huge U.S. government contracts are being awarded to more competitive nations ... The project initiated by the U.S. Army's Product Improvement Program is set to upgrade the Army's old issue M4 rifles to newer M4A1 models ... Defense Department’s business ... FN Herstal is 100 percent owned by the Walloon Region of Belgium," which in effect means the government of Belgium ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)
noodls
02 Mar 2013
(Source. Ipswich City Council). BoM flood warning Bremer River 12.13am 3 March 2013. 3 March 2013 ... Major flood levels at Spressers Bridge are nearing a peak. Moderate flood levels are expected downstream to Walloon overnight Saturday into Sunday....(size: 1.2Kb)
CNBC
02 Mar 2013
The sequester may be affecting some of the United States' defense budget, but not the part of that is the U.S ... While FN Herstal has its manufacturing plant in South Carolina, the company itself is a subsidiary of the Herstal Group, which, according to its website, "… has been 100 percent owned by the Walloon Region of Belgium," or in other words, the government of Belgium ... (Read More.Here's Why Layoffs From Sequester Will Be Costly) ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
noodls
01 Mar 2013
(Source. Ipswich City Council). Media Release. Mosquito Study Gets Underway In March. 1 March 2013. A STUDY of mosquitos in the Marburg, Walloon, Thagoona and Rosewood areas in March will lead to improved management of mosquitos in Ipswich ... "Council and Queensland Health officers will be working with local residents to track down container-breeding mosquitoes on private property," Cr Antoniolli said ... Use Insect repellent ... -ENDS-....(size: 2.5Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
25 Feb 2013
"The Walloon Region offers a strong research base in the field of Neurodegenerative Diseases ... Through its Technology Development Department, the Walloon Region has set up several incentives to boost regional innovation and research, to meet the needs of all companies, from start-ups to well-established enterprises....(size: 3.8Kb)
noodls
22 Feb 2013
Commission refers Belgiumto Court over discriminatory tax reduction for Walloon tax residents. Today, the European Commission has decided to refer Belgiumto the EU Court of Justice over its discriminatory tax rules in the Walloon Region. Under the Walloon Decree of 3 April 2009 personal income tax can be reduced when buying shares or bonds of the Investment Fund of Wallonia....(size: 28.4Kb)
noodls
21 Feb 2013
Commission refers Belgium to Court over discriminatory tax reduction for Walloon tax residents. Today, the European Commission has decided to refer Belgium to the EU Court of Justice over its discriminatory tax rules in the Walloon Region. Under the Walloon Decree of 3 April 2009 personal income tax can be reduced when buying shares or bonds of the Investment Fund of Wallonia....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
21 Feb 2013
Commission refers Belgium to Court over discriminatory tax reduction for Walloon tax residents. Today, the European Commission has decided to refer Belgium to the EU Court of Justice over its discriminatory tax rules in the Walloon Region. Under the Walloon Decree of 3 April 2009 personal income tax can be reduced when buying shares or bonds of the Investment Fund of Wallonia....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
21 Feb 2013
(Source. Ipswich City Council). Media Release. Lodge an entry now for new poetry competition. 21 February 2013. THE oral tradition of poetry will be on display in Ipswich in April as poetry enthusiasts compete in one of Australia's newest competitions ... "There are two prizes on offer - the first prize of $1000 cash and a Babies of Walloon statuette, while the second place getter will receive $500 cash ... -ENDS-. >. distributed by....(size: 2.2Kb)
noodls
21 Feb 2013
Commission refers Belgiumto Court over discriminatory tax reduction for Walloon tax residents. Today, the European Commission has decided to refer Belgiumto the EU Court of Justice over its discriminatory tax rules in the Walloon Region. Under the Walloon Decree of 3 April 2009 personal income tax can be reduced when buying shares or bonds of the Investment Fund of Wallonia....(size: 28.4Kb)
CNTV
17 Feb 2013
BRUSSELS, Feb ... Recalling the visit of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, Vice Premier Li Keqiang and State Councilor Liu Yandong in Belgium in 2012, as well as Belgian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Didier Reynders and Minister-President of the Walloon Government Rudy Demotte in China, Liao said China would consider Belgium as a partner for long term cooperation and a bridgehead for Sino-European cooperation ... Xinhua ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
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This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (December 2008) |
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Walloons (/wɑːˈluːnz/; French: Wallons, IPA: [walɔ̃]; Walloon: Walons) are a French-speaking people who live in Belgium, principally in Wallonia. Walloons are a distinctive community within Belgium.[1] Important historical and anthropological criteria (religion, language, traditions, folklore) bind Walloons to the French people.[2][3] More generally, the term also refers to the inhabitants of the Walloon Region. They speak regional languages such as Walloon (with Picard in the West and Lorrain in the South).
Etymology[link]
The term Walloon is derived from *walha, a Proto-Germanic term used to refer to Celtic and Latin speakers.[4]
Walloon originated in Romance languages alongside other related terms, but it supplanted them. Its oldest written trace is found in Jean de Haynin's Mémoires de Jean, sire de Haynin et de Louvignies in 1465, where it refers to Roman populations of the Burgundian Netherlands. Its meaning narrowed yet again during the French and Dutch periods and at Belgian independence the term designated only Belgians speaking a Romance language (French, Walloon, Picard, etc.) The linguistic cleavage in the politics of Belgium adds a political content to «the emotional cultural, and linguistic concept».[5] Walloon also designates the inhabitants of Wallonia — a monolingual French-speaking territory — as opposed to Flemish. The words Walloon and Wallons can be seen in the book of Charles White, The Belgic revolution (1835): "The restless Wallons, with that adventurous daring which is their historical characteristic, abandoned their occupations, and eagerly seizing the pike and the musket marched towards the center of the commotion."[6][7][8]. The Spanish term Walon and Walona from XVII Century were referred to a Royal Guard Corps recruited in the Spanish Flanders. They were involved in many of the most significant battles of the Spanish Empire. The French word Wallons in English is also used in the Encyclopædia Britannica.[9]
Albert Henry wrote that although in 1988 the word Walloon evoked a constitutional reality, it originally referred to Roman populations of the Burgundian Netherlands and was also used to designate a territory by the terms provinces wallonnes or Walloon country (Pays wallon), from the 16th century to the Belgian revolution, and later Wallonia.[10] The term 'Walloon country' was also used in Dutch viz. Walsch land.[11][12] The term existed also in German, perhaps Wulland in Hans Heyst's book (1571) where Wulland is translated by Wallonia in English (1814).[13] In German it is however generally Wallonenland : Le païs de Valons, Belgolalia, Wallonenland, in "Le Grand Dictionnaire Royal" Augsbourg, 1767;[14][15] The name of the churches' consecration is in Touraine assemblées, in Bretagne pardons, in the North Departments sometimes kermesses, sometimes as in the Walloon country, ducasses (from dedicatio) [16] In English, it is Walloon country (see further James Shaw[17]). In French (and France (Wand)), it is le Pays wallon: The Walloon country included the greatest part of to-day's Belgium, the Province of Flandre orientale, the Province of Flandre occidentale both named Flandre wallonne, the Province of Namur, the Hainaut, the Limbourg, the pays de Liège and even the Luxembourg[18][19] For Félix Rousseau, Walloon country is, after le Roman pays the old name of the country of the Walloons[20] and the nickname Romande was commonly used to describe Walloons until the late 19th century.[citation needed]
Institutional aspects[link]
Main articles: Wallonia and State reform in Belgium
Conceptual and emotional aspects[link]
Wallonia[link]
The extent of Wallonia, the area defined by the use of the language, has shifted through the ages. The low-lying area of Flanders and the hilly region of the Ardennes have been under the control of many city-states and external powers. Such changing rule brought variations to borders, culture, and language. The Walloon language, widespread in use up until the Second World War, has been dying out of common use due to growing internationalisation. Although official educational systems do not include it as a language, the French government continues to support the use of French within the "Francophonie" commonwealth.
This is complicated by the federal structure of Belgium, which splits Belgium into three language groups with the privilege of using their own tongues in official correspondence, but also into three autonomous regions. The language groups are: French community (though not Walloon but generally named Wallonia-Brussels, see especially the international plan and from 1 January 2009)[21] Flemish community (which uses Dutch), and German-speaking community. The division into political regions does not correspond with the language-group division: "Vlaanderen" (Flanders), "la région wallonne" (Walloon region, including the German community but generally called Wallonia), and the bilingual (French-Dutch) Brussels region, also the federal capital of Belgium.
Brussels - not Walloon but mostly French-speaking[link]
Many non-French-speaking observers (over)generalize Walloons as a term of convenience for all Belgian French-speakers (even those born and living in the Brussels Region). The mixing of the population over the centuries means that most families can trace ancestors on both sides of the linguistic divide. But, the fact that the Brussels region is around 85% French-speaking, but is located in Dutch-speaking Flanders, has led to friction between the regions and communities. The local dialect in Brussels, Brussels Vloms, is a Brabantic dialect, reflecting the Dutch heritage of the city.
Walloons are historically credited with pioneering the industrial revolution in Continental Europe in the early 19th century.[22] In modern history, Brussels has been the major town or the capital of the region. Because of long Spanish and minor French rule, French became the sole official language. After a brief period with Dutch as the official language while the region was part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the people reinstated French after achieving independence in 1830. The Walloon region, a major coal and steel-producing area, developed rapidly into the economic powerhouse of the country. Walloons (in fact French-speaking elites who were called Walloons) became politically dominant. Many Flemish immigrants came to work in Wallonia. Between the 1930s and the 1970s, the gradual decline of steel and more especially coal, coupled with too little investment in service industries and light industry (which came to predominate in Flanders), started to tip the balance in the other direction. Flanders became gradually politically and economically dominant. In their turn, Walloon families have moved to Flanders in search of jobs.[citation needed] This evolution has not been without political repercussions.
Walloon identity[link]
The heartland of Walloon culture is the Meuse and Sambre valleys, Charleroi, Dinant, Namur (the regional capital), Huy, Verviers, and Liège.
Regional language statistics[link]
The Walloon language is an element of Walloon identity. However, the entire French-speaking population of Wallonia cannot be culturally considered Walloon, since a significant portion in the west (around Tournai and Mons) and smaller portions in the extreme south (around Arlon) possess other languages as mother tongues (namely, Picard, Champenois, Luxembourgish, and Lorrain). All of them can speak French as well or better.
A survey of the Centre liégeois d'étude de l'opinion[23] pointed out in 1989 that 71.8% of the younger people of Wallonia understand and speak only a little or no Walloon language; 17.4% speak it well; and only 10.4% speak it exclusively.[24] Based on other surveys and figures, Laurent Hendschel wrote in 1999 that between 30 and 40% people were bilingual in Wallonia (Walloon, Picard), among them 10% of the younger population (18–30 years old). According to Hendschel, there are 36 to 58% of young people have a passive knowledge of the regional languages.[25] On the other hand, Givet commune, several villages in the Ardennes département in France, which publishes the journal Causon wallon (Let us speak Walloon);[26] and two villages in Luxembourg are historically Walloon-speaking.
Walloons in the Middle-Ages[link]
Since the 11th century, the great towns along the river Meuse, for example, Dinant, Huy, and Liège, traded with Germany, where Wallengassen (Walloons' neighborhoods) were founded in certain cities.[27] In Cologne, the Walloons were the most important foreign community, as noted by three roads named Walloonstreet in the city.[28] The Walloons traded for materials they lacked, such as copper, found in Germany, especially at Goslar.
In the 13th century, the medieval German colonization of Transylvania (central and North-Western Romania) also included numerous Walloons. Place names such as Wallendorf (Walloon Village) and family names such as Valendorfean (Wallon peasant) can be found among the Romanian citizens of Transylvania.[29]
Walloons in the Renaissance[link]
In 1572 Jean Bodin made a funny play on words which has been well known in Wallonia to the present:
“ Ouallonnes enim a Belgis appelamur [nous, les "Gaulois"], quod Gallis veteribus contigit, quuum orbem terrarum peragrarent, ac mutuo interrogantes qaererent où allons-nous, id est quonam profiscimur? ex eo credibile est Ouallones appellatos quod Latini sua lingua nunquam efferunt, sed g lettera utuntur.[30] ”
Translation: "We are called Walloons by the Belgians because when the ancient people of Gallia were travelling the length and breadth of the earth, it happened that they asked each other: 'Où allons-nous?' [Where are we going? : the pronunciation of these French words is the same as the French word Wallons (plus 'us')], i.e. 'To which goal are we walking?.' It is probable they took from it the name Ouallons (Wallons), which the Latin speaking are not able to pronounce without changing the word by the use of the letter G." One of the best translations of his (humorous) sayings used daily in Wallonia[31] is "These are strange times we are living in."
Shakespeare used the word Walloon: "A base Walloon, to win the Dauphin's grace/Thrust Talbot with a spear in the back." A note in Henry VI, Part I says, "At this time, the Walloons [were] the inhabitants of the area, now in south Belgium, still known as the 'Pays wallon'."[32] Albert Henry agrees, quoting Maurice Piron:[33]) also quoted by A.J. Hoenselaars[34] "Walloon meaning Walloon country in Shakespare's 'Henry VI'..."[35]
Walloons in Sweden[link]
Starting from 1620s, numerous Walloon miners and their families settled in Sweden to work in iron mining.[36]
A large and important group of Walloons were brought to Sweden to make iron for their Dutch masters,[who?] and they did so by using their familiar iron making technologies. From the second quarter of the century the Walloon forging method was spread in Sweden as a complement to the already familiar German method. The Dutch and Walloon influences were concentrated to the iron making region of Uppland, around the very rich mine of Dannemora, north of Stockholm. There, Dutch entrepreneurs owned ironworks populated with skilled Walloon ironworkers making iron with the Walloon method. The iron that was made, named Öregrund iron after an exporting port, made up about 15 percent of the total Swedish iron production, with the remaining volumes made according to the German method.[37]
They were originally led by the entrepreneur Louis de Geer, who commissioned them to work in the iron mines of Uppland and Östergötland. The wave of migration continued substantially into the 18th century. Walloons became gradually integrated into Swedish society. Walloon ancestry is traceable through Walloon surnames. Some people of Walloon descent belong to the Sällskapet Vallonättlingar (Society of Walloon Descendants).[38]
Walloons and the Enlightenment[link]
A 1786 history of the Netherlands noted, "[The] Haynault and Namur, with Artois, now no longer an Austrian Province, compose the Walloon country. The Walloon name and language are also extended into the adjacent districts of the neighbouring Provinces. A large part of Brabant, where that Province borders on Haynault and Namur, is named Walloon Brabant. The affinity of language seems also on some occasions to have wrought a nearer relation."[39]
The Belgian revolution[link]
The Belgian revolution was recently described as firstly a conflict between the Brussels municipality which was secondly disseminated in the rest of the country, "particularly in the Walloon provinces".[40] We read the nearly same opinion in Edmundson's book:
The royal forces, on the morning of September 23, entered the city at three gates and advanced as far as the Park. But beyond that point they were unable to proceed, so desperate was the resistance, and such the hail of bullets that met them from barricades and from the windows and roofs of the houses. For three days almost without cessation the fierce contest went on, the troops losing ground rather than gaining it. On the evening of the 26th the prince gave orders to retreat, his troops having suffered severely. The effect of this withdrawal was to convert a street insurrection into a national revolt. The moderates now united with the liberals, and a Provisional Government was formed, having amongst its members Rogier, Van de Weyer, Gendebien, Emmanuel d'Hooghvorst, Félix de Mérode and Louis de Potter, who a few days later returned triumphantly from banishment. The Provisional Government issued a series of decrees declaring Belgium independent, releasing the Belgian soldiers from their allegiance, and calling upon them to abandon the Dutch standard. They were obeyed. The revolt, which had been confined mainly to the Walloon districts, now spread rapidly over Flanders.[41]
Jacques Logie wrote: "On the 6th October, the whole Wallonia was under the Provisional Government's control. In the Flemish part of the country the collapse of the Royal Government was as total and quick as in Wallonia, except Ghent and Antwerp."[42] Robert Demoulin who was Professor at the Université de Liège wrote: "Liège is in the forefront of the battle for liberty",[43] more than Brussels but with Brussels. He wrote the same thing for Leuven. According to Demoulin, these three cities are the républiques municipales at the head of the Belgian revolution. In this chapter VI of his book, Le soulèvement national (pp. 93–117), before writing "On the 6th October, the whole Wallonia is free",[44] he quotes the following municipalities from which volunteers were going to Brussels, the "centre of the commotion", in order to take part in the battle against the Dutch troops : Tournai, Namur, Wavre (p. 105) Braine-l'Alleud, Genappe, Jodoigne, Perwez, Rebecq, Grez-Doiceau, Limelette, Nivelles (p. 106), Charleroi (and its region), Gosselies, Lodelinsart (p. 107), Soignies, Leuze, Thuin, Jemappes (p. 108), Dour, Saint-Ghislain, Pâturages (p. 109) and he concluded: "So, from the Walloon little towns and countryside, people came to the capital.."[45] The Dutch fortresses were liberated in Ath ( 27 September), Mons (29 September), Tournai (2 October), Namur (4 October) (with the help of people coming from Andenne, Fosses, Gembloux), Charleroi (5 October) (with people who came in their thousands).The same day that was also the case for Philippeville, Mariembourg, Dinant, Bouillon.[46] In Flanders, the Dutch troops capitulated at the same time in Brugge, Ieper, Oostende, Menen, Oudenaarde, Gerardsbergen (pp. 113–114), but nor in Ghent nor in Antwerp (only liberated on 17 October and 27 October). Against these interpretation,in any case for the troubles in Brussels, John W. Rooney Jr wrote:
It is clear from the quantitative analysis that an overwhelming majority of revolutionaries were domiciled in Brussels or in the nearby suburbs and that the aid came from outside was minimal. For example, for the day of 23 September, 88% of dead and wounded lived in Brussels identified and if we add those residing in Brabant, it reached 95%. It is true that if you look at the birthplace of revolutionary given by the census, the number of Brussels falls to less than 60%, which could suggest that there was support "national" (to different provinces Belgian), or outside the city, more than 40%.But it is nothing, we know that between 1800 and 1830 the population of the capital grew by 75,000 to 103,000, this growth is due to the designation in 1815 in Brussels as a second capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the rural exodus that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. It is therefore normal that a large part of the population of Brussels be originating provinces. These migrants came mainly from Flanders, which was hit hard by the crisis in the textile 1826-1830. This interpretation is also nationalist against the statements of witnesses: Charles Rogier said that there were neither in 1830 nor nation Belgian national sentiment within the population. The revolutionary Jean-Baptiste Nothomb ensures that "the feeling of national unity is born today." As for Joseph Lebeau, he said that "patriotism Belgian is the son of the revolution of 1830.." Only in the following years as bourgeois revolutionary will "legitimize ideological state power.[47]
In the Belgian State[link]
A few years after the Belgian revolution in 1830, the historian Louis Dewez underlined that "Belgium is shared into two people, Walloons and Flemings. The former are speaking French, the latter are speaking Flemish. The border is clear (...) The provinces which are back the Walloon line, i.e.: the Province of Liège, the Brabant wallon, the Province of Namur, the Province of Hainaut are Walloon [...] And the other provinces throughout the line [...] are Flemish. It is not an arbitrarian division or an imagined combination in order to support an opinion or create a system: it is a fact..."[48] Jules Michelet traveled in Wallonia in 1840 and we can read many times in his History of France his interest for Wallonia and the Walloons pp 35,120,139,172, 287, 297,300, 347,401, 439, 455, 468 (this page on the Culture of Wallonia, 476 (1851 edition published on line)[49]
Relationship with the German speaking community[link]
The Walloon Region institutionally comprises also the German-speaking community of Belgium around Eupen, in the east of the region, next to Germany which ceded the area to Belgium after the First World War. Many of the 60,000 or so inhabitants of this very small community reject being considered as Walloon and – with their community executive leader Karl-Heinz Lambertz want to remain a federating unit, and to have all the powers of the Belgian Regions and Communities. Even if they don't want them absolutely and immediately (10 July 2008, official speech for the Flanders' national holiday).[50]
Walloon diaspora[link]
- United Kingdom[51]
- Wisconsin it is estimated that between 5,000 and 7,500 Brabantines and Hesbignons answered the call of the New World from 1852 to 1856.[52] Algoma, Brussels, Casco, Forestville, Green Bay, Kewaunee, Luxemburg, Namur, Sturgeon Bay (Françoise L'Empereur found 700 Walloon family names in the phone books of these towns)[53]
- Perry County, Indiana
- Sweden see above
- Département des Ardennes[54]
- Walloon Church
- Quebec and other parts of Canada[55]
Walloon culture[link]
The Manifesto for Walloon culture in 1983 was a major event of the History of Wallonia quoted in the important books about the Region's History[56][57]
Famous Walloons[link]
Including people from the region before it became known as Wallonia.
- Zénon Bacq inventor
- Michael Baius (1513–1589) theologian of the Baianism
- Baldwin I of Constantinople, Count of Flanders and Hainaut, first Emperor of the Latin Empire
- Gilles Binchois, Franco-Flemish composer
- Jules Bordet Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1919)
- Godfroid de Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade and first European King of Jerusalem
- Robert Campin, Flemish painter
- Johannes Ciconia Ars nova composer
- Jacques Daret, Flemish painter
- Dardenne brothers
- Jessé de Forest, Walloon settler, first colonizer of New Netherland and what would become New York City. Monument dedicated and located in Battery Park, Lower Manhattan.
- Nicolas Defrecheux, poet in the Walloon language
- Léon Degrelle, Belgian Rexist politician and leader of Waffen SS Walloon contingent
- Paul Delvaux, surrealist painter
- Louis Dewis, Post-Impressionist painter
- Guillaume Dufay, Franco-Flemish composer
- Marc Dutroux serial killer
- Edouard Empain engineer whose the company constructed the Paris Métro
- César Franck, Belgian composer
- Louis De Geer, merchant and industrialist
- Zénobe Gramme, inventor of the Gramme machine
- Justine Henin, tennis champion
- Louis Hennepin Niagara Falls and Saint-Anthony Falls were brought to the world's attention by Louis Hennepin
- Juliana of Liège promoter of feast Corpus Christi
- Marc Lacroix, biochemist and cancer researcher
- Orlande de Lassus, Franco-Flemish composer
- Jean Lemaire de Belges, late Medieval, early Renaissance poet and historian
- Georges Lemaître, originator of the "Big Bang" theory of the origin of the universe
- Rene Magritte the surrealist artist
- Henri Michaux
- Pierre Minuit, who purchased the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans and founded what would become New York City
- Joachim Patinir Mosan painter
- Dominique Pire Nobel Peace Prize (in 1958)
- Charles Plisnier Prix Goncourt (1937)
- Henri Pousseur Composer
- André Renard syndicalist,leader of the longest general strike in Belgium
- Edouard Remouchamps, playwright in the Walloon language
- Pierre de la Rue, Franco-Flemish composer
- Jean Rey (politician) Second President of the European Commission
- Félicien Rops painter
- Jean-Michel Saive, table tennis champion
- Adolphe Sax, the inventor of the saxophone
- Georges Simenon, author of Maigret and other novels
- Rennequin Sualem Hydraulics engineer
- Ernest Solvay, inventor of the Solvay process and founder of the Solvay Business School.
- Count Tilly, Catholic League commander in the Thirty Year's war
- Rogier van der Weyden (Rogier de le Pasture), Flemish painter
- Eugène Ysaÿe, violinist and composer
- Pierre Lacocque, hamonica player for American blues band Mississippi Heat
- Philippe Gilbert, professional cyclist
See also[link]
Footnotes[link]
- ^ Ethnic Groups Worldwide, a ready reference Handbook, David Levinson, ORYX Press, (ISBN 1-57356-019-7), p. 13 : « Walloons are identified through their residence in Wallonia and by speaking dialects of French. They, too, are descended from the original Celtic inhabitants of the region and Romans and Franks who arrived later. Walloons are mainly Roman catholic. »
- ^ Ethnic Groups Worldwide, a ready reference Handbook, David Levinson, ORYX Press, ISBN 1-57356-019-7, p.13 : "Walloon culture was heavely influenced by the French"
- ^ The Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World, A Henri Holt Reference Book, page 645 : « Culturally there is continuity between the French and the Walloons, Wallon culture consisting mainly of dialect literary productions. While historically most Wallons came within France's cultural orbit
- ^ John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, English and Welsh, in Angles and Britons: O'Donnell Lectures, University of Cardiff Press, 1963.
- ^ French: Au concept sentimental, linguistique et culturel s'est ajouté peu à peu, par la suite de l'évolution intérieure en Belgique, depuis 1880 surtout, un contenu politique Albert Henry, Histoire des mots Wallons et Wallonie, Institut Jules Destrée, Coll. «Notre histoire», Mont-sur-Marchienne, 1990, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1965), p. 14.
- ^ Charles White, The Belgic Revolution of 1830, Whittaker, London, 1835, p. 308, see also, pp. 5, 45, 266, 307 where the same word as in French - Wallons - was used Oxford University's copy
- ^ Quoted also by Maurice Bologne, L'insurrection prolétarienne de 1830 en Belgique.Critique politique, n°9, Bruxelles, juillet 1981, p.56 and passim
- ^ Quoted also by Bruno Demoulin and Jean-Louis Kupper (editors) Histoire de la Wallonie, De la préhistoire au XXIe siècle, Privat, Toulouse, 2004, p.241 ISBN 2-7089-4779-6
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition
- ^ Albert Henry, En 1988, le terme Wallonie évoque (...) une réalité politique et administrative constitutionnellement reconnue (...) En 1830, et au cours des années qui suivirent, on avait continué à se servir des expressions provinces wallonnes, cette dernière déjà employée au seizième siècle, au moins et pays wallon plus rarement attestées avant le dix-huitième siècle, opus citatus, pp. 15-16
- ^ Het naembouck van 1562, Tweede druk van het Nederlands - Frans Woordenboek van Hoos Lambrech, published by R.Verdeyen, Liège-Paris, 1945, p.221.
- ^ Also quoted by Albert Henry, opus citatus, p.81
- ^ Hans Heyst, Philippi II, Koenigs in Spanien, Reise aus Spanien nach Genos, und dann ferner durch Italien und Teutschland ins Wulland, und von dannen herauf in die Stadt Augsburg von anno 1549 bis 1551, Journey and Voyage of Philipp II, from Spain to Genos,and then further through Italy and Germany into Wallonia and to hence into the City of Augsburg,Augsburg, 1571, 4to. Published, by Par John Pinkerton; Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1814, see the translation of Wulland in the English Wallonia p. 89 A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World: Many of which are Now First Translated Into English. Digested on a New Plan, Copy of the University of Michigan
- ^ Albert Henry, opus citatus, note 1. p. 81
- ^ Le païs de Valons, Belgolalia, Wallonennland, in Le Grand Dictionnaire RoyalAugsbourg, 1767 in Etudes d'histoire wallonne, Fondation Plisnier, Bruxelles, 1964 Etudes d'histoire wallonne
- ^ So Heissen die Kirchweihen in der Tourraine assemblées, in der Bretagne pardons, in den nördlichen Departments bald kermesses, bald, wie im Wallonenland, ducasses (von dedicatio)... in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur Leipzig 1864,p. 391 Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur
- ^ Albert Henry, Un témoignage anglais, opus citatus, p.48
- ^ Le pays wallon comprenait la plus grande partie de ce qui forme aujourd'hui la Belgique,la Flandre occidentale et orientale, dites ensemble Flandre wallonne, la province de Namur, le Hainaut, le pays de Liège, le Limbourg et même le Luxembourg in Dictionnaire Bescherelle Paris, 1856, Vol II, p. 1664 Bescherelle, Vol II, 1856, Paris, p. 1664
- ^ Albert Henry, opus citatus, p.81 quoted the 1846 edition
- ^ French " En ce qui concerne les termes employés pour désigner la Terre des Wallons au cours des âges, nous avons noté le Roman pays, ensuite le Pays wallon. Il y eut aussi l'expression: les Provinces wallonnes." Félix Rousseau, La Wallonie, terre romane, 6th edition, Charleroi, 1993, p.120, DL/1993/0276/1
- ^ From 1 January 2009, “Wallonia-Brussels International (WBI) ”will further enhance the visibility of Wallonia-Brussels international activities, both in Belgium and abroad. WBI will pool all of the international relations work of the French Community, the Walloon Region and the French Community Commission of the Brussels-Capital Region. Wallonia-Brussels International
- ^ "Walloons pioneered the industrial revolution in the Continent", The Guardian, 7 Aug 2008
- ^ Centre d'étude de l'opinion
- ^ Lucy Baugnet, L'identité culturelle des jeunes Wallons, Liège 1989
- ^ L.Hendschel, Quelques indices de la vitalité du wallon, in Walloon Qué walon po dmwin? pp 114-134, Quorum, Gerpinnes ISBN 2-87399-072-4
- ^ Ardenne-walonne.org
- ^ Félix Rousseau, L'art mosan, introduction historique, Duculot, Gembloux,1970 p. 44, ISBN 2-8011-0004-8
- ^ Félix Rousseau, opus citatus, p. 46
- ^ Konrad Gündisch Without a doubt, among the settlers were not only Germans, be they Teutonici from Southern Germany or Saxons from Middle and Northern Germany but also Romanic people from the western regions of the then German Empire. One of the earliest documents on Transylvanian Saxons points at Flandrenses who had at least two independent settler groups. These came from an economically highly developed region of the empire, where during the 11th and 12th centuries shortage of land was overcome through intensive planning and building of dike systems. Cities were developed through the textile industry and trade. Many knights of the first crusade came from here. It is undisputed that Flandrenses played an important role in the German East-Migration. Latins, settlers of Romanic-Walloon origin, were also represented. For example, Johannes Latinus, who arrived as knight but also as one of the first Transylvanian merchants; Gräf Gyan from Salzburg who frightened the bishop of Weißenburg; and Magister Gocelinus, who presented Michelsberg to the Cistercian abbey Kerz. Also to be mentioned is the name of the town Walldorf (villa Latina, "Wallonendorf", town of Walloons) and villa Barbant or Barbantina, a name which brings to mind Brabant in Belgium. Based on the described and often contradictory research results, answers to the question of the origin of Transylvanian Saxons cannot be considered as final. An incontestable clarification cannot be expected since it is probable that the colonists of different religions and ethnic background came in small groups from all regions of the then empire and grew, once in Transylvania, into a group with its own distinct identity, with German language and culture. In any event, their number was negligibly small and has been estimated at 520 families, approximately 2600 persons. in Siebenbürgen und die Siebenbürger Sachsen, Taschenbuch - 304 Seiten (1998) Langen-Müller, München.; ISBN 3-7844-2685-9. English translation The History of Transylvania and the Transylvanian Saxons
- ^ Albert Henry, opus citatus, p. 112.
- ^ Wallons-nous?
- ^ William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, (Michael Taylor, ed.) Oxford University Press, 2003 ISBN 0-19-818392-5, ISBN 978-0-19-818392-1, p.104, note 137
- ^ Note sur le sens de Wallon chez Shakespeare, Académie de langue et de littérature françaises, 42 (1964)
- ^ Reclamations of Shakespeare, Rodopi, 1994, p. 24 ISBN 90-5183-606-6, a mistake with the inverted figures of 1492, in fact 1429 (the Siege of Orléans)
- ^ Histoire des mots wallons et Wallonie, op. cit., note 1, Chapter II, p. 81
- ^ Luc Courtois,De fer et de feu l'émigration wallonne vers la Suède (Ouvrage publié avec l'aide du Fonds national de la recherche scientifique), Fondation wallonne, Louvain-la-neuve, 2003 ISBN 2-9600072-8-X
- ^ Göran Rydén, "Swedish Economic History and the ’New Atlantic Economy’", Paper, presented at the "Economic History Society Annual Conference", University of Reading, 31 March – 2 April 2006
- ^ Huguenots-Walloons-Europe Archives", Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com
- ^ James Shaw, Sketches of the History of the Austrian Netherlands: With Remarks on the Constitution, Commerce, ..., London: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1786, p. 64
- ^ French une tension entre l'autorité communale bruxelloise et le pouvoir hollandais dans un premier temps, et une diffusion de la colère dans le reste du pays -notamment dans les principales villes wallonnes - dans un deuxième temps Bruno Demoulin and Jean-Louis Kupper (editors) Histoire de la Wallonie opus citatus, p. 239
- ^ George Edmundson The History of Holland Cambridge at the University Press, 1922, pp. 389-404 The History of Holland
- ^ Jacques Logie, 1830. De la régionalisation à l'indépendance, Duculot, Gembloux,1980, p.168, ISBN 2-8011-0332-2
- ^ RobertDemoulin, La révolution de 1830, La Renaissance du Livre, Bruxelles, 1950, p. 93
- ^ Robert Demoulin, opus citatus p. 113
- ^ Robert Demoulin, opus citatus, p. 109
- ^ Robert Demoulin, opus citatus, pp. 111-113
- ^ John W. Rooney Jr., Profil du combattant de 1830 dans Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, T. 12, 1981,p.487 Profil du combattant de 1830
- ^ French La Belgique est partagée entre deux peuples, les Wallons et les Flamands. Les premiers parlent la langue française; les seconds la langue flamande. La ligne de démarcation est sensiblement tracée. [...] Ainsi les provinces qui sont en deçà de la ligne wallonne, savoir: la province de Liège, le Brabant wallon la Province de Namur, la Province de Hainaut, sont wallonnes [...] Et celles qui sont au-delà de la ligne [...] sont flamandes. Ce n'est point ici une division arbitraire ou un plan fait d'imagination pour appuyer une opinion ou créer un système; c'est une vérité de fait... Louis Dewez, Cours d'histoire de Belgique contenant les leçons publiques données au musée des Lettres ert des Sciences de Bruxelles, tome II, pp. 152-153, JP Méline, Bruxelles, 1833
- ^ Histoire de France
- ^ Neben Flandern, Brüssel und der Wallonie möchten sie [die deutschsprachigen Belgier] ein eigenständiger Bestandteil, eine autonome gliedstaatliche Körperschaft, eine eigene „Gemeinschaft/Region“ bleiben, die für alle Gemeinschaftszuständigkeiten und jene regionalen Zuständigkeiten verantwortlich ist, die sie eigenverantwortlich gestalten will. Und auch wenn sie diese nicht unbedingt und unmittelbar fordert. Ansprache von Karl-Heinz Lambertz, Ministerpräsident der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft Belgiens, 10. Juli 2008
- ^ Robin D. Gwynn, Huguenot Heritage, Sussex Academic Press, 2001 ISBN 1-902210-34-4 [1]
- ^ 1852: Emigration of the farmers from Brabant and Hesbaye
- ^ Françoise L'Empereur Les Wallons d'Amérique du Nord, Duculot, Gembloux, pp. 61-68, [ISBN 2-8011-0085-9]
- ^ Ardenne-wallone.org
- ^ Paul R. Magocsi (Multicultural History Society of Ontario) , Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples, University of Toronto Press, 1999, pp. 257-270 ISBN 0-8020-2938-8, ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6
- ^ B.Demoulin and JL Kupper (editors), Histoire de la Wallonie, Privat, Toulouse, 2004, pages 233-276, p. 246 ISBN 2-7089-4779-6
- ^ Hervé Hasquin,La Wallonie son histoire, Pire, Bruxelles, 1979,p. 284 ISBN 2-930240-18-0
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Walloons
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Valloni
http://id.wn.com/Bangsa Walonia
http://ru.wn.com/Валлоны
http://nl.wn.com/Walen
http://pt.wn.com/Valões (povo)
http://pl.wn.com/Walonowie
http://fr.wn.com/Wallons
http://de.wn.com/Wallonen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloons
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
