Radom
Żeromskiego Street
Coat of arms
Radom
Coordinates: 51°24′N 21°10′E / 51.4°N 21.167°E / 51.4; 21.167
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Masovian
County	city county
Established	13th century
Town rights	1364
Government
• Mayor	Andrzej Kosztowniak
Area
• City	111.71 km2 (43.13 sq mi)
Population (2009)
• City	223,914
• Density	2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi)
• Metro	371,000
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	26-600 to 26-618
Area code(s)	+48 48
Car plates	WR
Website	http://www.radom.pl

Bernadine church and monastery

City hall

Radom [ˈradɔm] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 223,397 inhabitants (December 31, 2009). It is located on the Mleczna River in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of Radom Voivodeship (1975–1998); 100 km south of Poland's capital, Warsaw. In spite of being part of the Masovian Voivodeship, the city historically belongs to Lesser Poland.

It is home to the biennial Radom Air Show, the largest and best-attended air show in Poland, held during the last weekend of August. "Radom" is also the popular unofficial name for a semiautomatic 9 mm Para pistol of Polish design (the Model 35/ViS-35) designed by Piotr Wilniewczyc and Jan Skrzypinski (hence the designation "ViS")^[1], under Director Kazimierz Ołdakowski, which had been in production from 1935 to 1945 at the national arsenal located in the city. The Łucznik Arms Factory (still located in Radom) continues to produces modern military firearms such as assault rifles.

History[link]

The original settlement dates back to 8th–9th century. It was an early mediaeval town in the valley of the Mleczna River (approximately on the location of present-day Old Town). Around the 2nd half of 10th century, it turned into a fortified town called Piotrówka.

Radom was founded in 1340, its name comes from an ancient Slavic given name Radomir, and Radom means a grod, which belongs to Radomir. The town belonged to the Sandomierz Voivodeship (part of Lesser Poland) of the Kingdom of Poland, later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Radom was an important center of administration, where the Crown Council was located, and where Pact of Vilnius and Radom was signed. At Radom's Royal Castle, the Nihil novi was adopted by the Sejm.

During the partitions of Poland, Radom was held by the Austrian Empire (as part of West Galicia). In 1815, in was part of Congress Poland, and shared the fate of it until World War One. In 1918 Radom returned to Poland.

Up to the Second World War, like many other cities in interwar Poland, Radom had a significant Jewish population. According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 28,700, Jews constituted 11,200 (~39% percent).^[2]

Important dates[link]

• 1155: first mention about Radom (Pope Adrian IV bull)
• before 1300: Old Radom granted with Środa Śląska rights (city rights based on those of Środa Śląska)
• 1233: first written reference to Radom's chief of castle - Marek
• 1340: Casimir III founds New Radom (Nowy Radom)
• 1360–1370: Casimir III founds St. John's Church
• 1364: Radom granted with Magdeburg law
• 1383: Jadwiga of Poland accepted by a Sejm held in Radom as a king of Poland
• 1401: First union of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania signed in Radom
• 1481: Radom becomes a de-facto capital of Poland after Casimir IV of Poland moves to Lithuania and his son, Saint Casimir to be, ruled the country in his absence from Radom
• 1489: Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, John von Tieffen pays tribute to Casimir IV of Poland in Radom castle
• 1505: a Sejm in Radom passes the Nihil novi constitution and Łaski's Statute, the first real bill of rights of Poland
• 1564: 1800 inhabitants, 180 houses, 14 butchers' shops, two baths and two wells
• 1613: Radom becomes the place where the Highest Fiscal Courts are held
• 1628: Great fire destroys the town
• 1656: Charles X of Sweden stays in town during The Deluge
• 1660: the city plundered by Sweden; after they leave the town has 395 inhabitants and 37 houses
• 1724: Augustus II the Strong grant to Radom privilege De non tollerandis judaeis
• 1737–1756: Kolegium Pijarów [the Piarists College] school founded
• 1763: Fiscal Tribunal moved to Warsaw; the town has 1370 inhabitants and 137 buildings
• 1795: After the 3rd Partition Radom is annexed by Austria
• 1809: Radom becomes capital of a department of the Duchy of Warsaw
• 1815: Radom, after the Congress of Vienna, becomes part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland
• 1817: First lay school founded
• 1819: Fryderyk August Schnierstein opens a tannery, the date is considered a start of towns industrialisation
• 1844: Radom becomes the capital of Radom-Kielce government
• 1867: Creation of Radom local government; the sewers are built
• 1885: Dęblin–Dąbrowa Górnicza railway opened
• 1901: electricity plant opened
• 1911: Radom has 51,934 inhabitants
• 1920–1939: Radom becomes a part of the Central Industrial Area (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy); Chemical Plant, arms and munitions factory (Łucznik Arms Factory), gas works, telephone and shoe factories are founded
• 1935: Radom–Warsaw railway opened. It significantly shortened rail distance between Warsaw and Kraków
• 1938: 90,059 inhabitants
• 1939–1945: capital of Radom district of the General Government
  • 1942-1944: Radom Ghetto
• January 16, 1945: liberation from German occupation
• 1948–1975: Theatre (Teatr Dramatyczny) and an engineering school are opened.
• 1975: the city becomes the capital of Radom Voivodeship
• June 25, 1976: Huge workers' strike against the communist regime; the town becomes one of the main centres of anti-communist opposition in Poland (see June 1976 protests)
• 1996: Radomska Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska promoted to the rank of a Kazimierz Pułaski Technical University of Radom (Politechnika Radomska)
• 1999: Radom becomes the capital of Radom County of the Masovian Voivodeship

Current events[link]

In 2007, two pilots died in a fatal accident at the Air Show resulting in the cancellation of the rest of the event. On the 30th of August 2009, also during the air show, another two pilots who represented Belarus were killed when their plane crashed.

Radom was one of the main centres of the strike action taken by Polish health care workers in 2007.

Tourist attractions[link]

St Waenceslaus church in the Old Town Square

founded by Leszek I the White, built in the 13th century in gothic style

St John the Baptist church

founded by Casimir III, built in the years 1360–1370 in gothic style, and re-constructed many times

Bernardine church and monastery

founded by Casimir IV of Poland, built in the years 1468–1507

Holy Trinity Church

built in the years 1619–1627 in the baroque style, burned in a fire and was rebuilt in the years 1678–1691

Gąska's and Esterka's Houses

16th / 17th century

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession

built in 1785

Building of city council

built in the years 1825–1827, designed in classical style by Antonio Corazzi

City hall

built in the years 1847–1848

Cathedral of Virgin Mary

built in the years 1899–1908 in neo-gothic style

Tool gates

built in the 19th century in classical style

Culture[link]

Jacek Malczewski Museum

Philharmonic[link]

• Radom Chamber Orchestra www

Cinemas[link]

• Helios www
• Hel (currently not functioning)
• Multikino

Theatre[link]

• Jan Kochanowski Theatre www

Museums and art galleries[link]

• Jacek Malczewski Museum www
• Modern art museum www
• Scouting Museum
• "Elektrownia" - Power station built in 1903, renewed as a Modern art gallery
• Cultural Heritage Gallery of Radom
• Skansen in Radom www

Transport[link]

Radom is an important railroad junction, where two lines meet: east - west connection from Lublin to Łódź, and north - south from Warsaw to Kielce, and Kraków. The city is also located along European route E77, here the European route E371 begins, which runs southwards, to Slovakia. The famous Radom Air Show takes place at Radom-Sadków Airport, a military airport located 3,5 kilometers from the center of Radom, which in the future will be adopted for passenger use.

Education[link]

Radom is home to about 20 schools of higher education:

• Instytut Teologiczny Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Radomiu - department of theology
• Kolegium Nauczycielskie - www
• Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych - www
• Niepubliczne Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych - www
• Niepubliczne Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych TWP - www
• Radom Technical University (Politechnika Radomska) - www
• University College of Environmental Sciences (Prywatna Wyższa Szkoła Ochrony Środowiska) - www
• Radomska Szkoła Zarządzania
• Warsaw Agricultural University - department in Radom (Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie)
• College of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (Kolegium licencjackie Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) - www
• Warsaw University - department in Radom (Uniwersytet Warszawski)- www www
• Maria Curie-Skłodowska University - department in Radom (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) - www
• Wyższa Inżynierska Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa i Organizacji Pracy - www
• Higher Business College (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu) - www
• Higher Financial and Banking College (Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Bankowości) - www
• Higher Merchant College (Wyższa Szkoła Handlowa) - www
• Higher Seminary (Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne) - www
• Higher Journalis College (Wyższa Szkoła Dziennikarska) - www
• Zespół Szkół Medycznych - www

Other[link]

• At the Western part of Radom, there is a facility for commercial LF transmission (not broadcasting), the Radom longwave transmitter
• The Łucznik Arms Factory in Radom produces a range of military firearms such as assault rifles
• The book, Outcry - Memoirs of Manny Steinberg, chronicles a young Jewish man's life and trials during the Nazi occupation of Radom and beyond. Published by Share Publishing, Menlo Park, CA

Sports[link]

• Radomiak Radom - men's football team, founded in 1910, currently playing in 3rd league.
• Jadar Radom - men's volleyball team, founded in 1921, currently playing in 1st league.
• Broń Radom - men's football team, founded in 1926, currently in 3rd league.
• RoSa Sport Radom - men's basketball team, founded in 2004, currently in 1st league.

Politics[link]

Radom constituency[link]

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Radom constituency

• Ewa Kopacz (PO)
• Dariusz Bąk (PIS)
• Mirosław Maliszewski (PSL)
• Czesław Czechyra (PO)
• Marek Suski (PIS)
• Marek Wikiński (SLD),
• Radosław Witkowski (PO)
• Krzysztof Sońta (PIS)

International relations[link]

Twin towns — Sister cities[link]

Radom is twinned with:^[3]

Notable people[link]

Notable people who have been born, have lived or have worked in Radom:

See also[link]

• Wedding celebrations in the Radom region

References[link]

Notes

External links[link]

• (English) Official web page of Radom in English
• (Polish) Official web page of Radom in Polish
• (Polish) Radom Culture
• (Polish) http://www.nasz-radom.pl/
• (Polish) Radom photo gallery
• Jewish Community in Radom on Virtual Shtetl

Media related to Radom at Wikimedia Commons

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Radom". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

v t e Principal cities of Poland Warsaw Kraków Łódź Wrocław Poznań Gdańsk Szczecin Bydgoszcz Lublin Katowice Białystok Częstochowa Radom Kielce Toruń Olsztyn Rzeszów

v t e Counties of Masovian Voivodeship City counties Warsaw (capital) Ostrołęka Płock Radom Siedlce Land counties Białobrzegi Ciechanów Garwolin Gostynin Grodzisk Mazowiecki Grójec Kozienice Legionowo Lipsko Łosice Maków Mińsk Mława Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Ostrołęka Ostrów Mazowiecka Otwock Piaseczno Płock Płońsk Pruszków Przasnysz Przysucha Pułtusk Radom Siedlce Sierpc Sochaczew Sokołów Szydłowiec Warsaw West Węgrów Wołomin Wyszków Żuromin Zwoleń Żyrardów

v t e Radom County Seat (not part of the county): Radom Urban gmina Pionki Urban-rural gminas Gmina Iłża Gmina Skaryszew Rural gminas Gmina Gózd Gmina Jastrzębia Gmina Jedlińsk Gmina Jedlnia-Letnisko Gmina Kowala Gmina Pionki Gmina Przytyk Gmina Wierzbica Gmina Wolanów Gmina Zakrzew

Coordinates: 51°24′N 21°10′E / 51.4°N 21.167°E / 51.4; 21.167