Maytag Corporation was a $4.7 billion home and commercial appliance company, headquartered in Newton, Iowa, from 1893 to 2006, and now part of the Whirlpool Corporation.

Company history

The Maytag Washing Machine Company was founded in 1893 by businessman Frederick Maytag. In 1925, the Maytag Washing Machine Company became Maytag, Inc. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the company was one of the few to actually make a profit in successive years. In 1938, Maytag provoked strikes by the company's workers because of a 10% pay cut. The company was able to beat the strike because of the intervention of four troops (companies), including a machine gun company, of the 113th Cavalry Regiment, Iowa National Guard. At his father's death in 1940, Fred Maytag II, grandson of the founder, took over the presidency. During World War II, the company participated in war production by making special components for military equipment. In 1946, production of washing machines was resumed; in 1949, the first automatic washers were produced in a new purpose-built plant. In 1946, Maytag began marketing a separate line of ranges and refrigerators made by other companies under the Maytag name. During the Korean War, the company again produced parts for military equipment, although washing-machine production continued.

During the 1950s, the 'white goods,' or laundry appliance industry grew rapidly. Maytag first entered the commercial laundry field at this time, manufacturing washers and dryers for commercial self-service laundries and commercial operators. In response, other full-line appliance producers began to compete with Maytag in the white-goods consumer market. These included 'full-line' manufacturers such as General Electric, Whirlpool, and Frigidaire, who built not only washing machines and dryers, but also refrigerators, stoves, and other appliances. Since Maytag was much smaller than the full-line producers, the company decided to limit itself to the manufacture of washers and dryers, alongside ovens and refrigerators built by other companies, as a niche-market, premium-brand manufacturer. The company capitalized on its reputation by renaming its corporate address in Newton, Iowa, "One Dependability Square."

By 1960, Maytag had ceased marketing ovens and refrigerators, but later began once again to expand into kitchen appliances with its own design of portable kitchen dishwasher and a line of food-waste disposers. Upon the death of Fred Maytag II, the last family member involved in the company's management, E. G. Higdon was named president of the company, with George M. Umbreit becoming chairman and CEO. By the late 1970s, over 70 percent of U.S. households were equipped with washers and dryers, and with approximately 18,000 employees worldwide, the company was established as a dominant manufacturer of large laundry appliances. After the company's acquisition of Magic Chef, Inc., in 1986, a move which nearly doubled its size, the company acquired a new corporate name, the Maytag Corporation.

In 1997, a Maytag engineering team, at Maytag Laundry Appliances Research and Development, developed the Maytag ''Neptune'' line of front-load washers. A matching dryer was introduced to accompany the new washer. The company claimed that the new ''Neptune'' model saved energy costs over traditional washer/dryer sets. Production of the ''Neptune'' line was later switched to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd via rebranded Samsung machines. In 2001, the company acquired the Amana Corporation and its appliance assembly facilities. That same year, Ralph F. Hake became the last chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Maytag Corporation, serving in that post until March 2006. Once renowned as the standard for laundry appliances, by 2003 the company faced increasing competition from new appliance brands in the US market, as well as from existing appliance manufacturers who had outsourced production a decade earlier in order to reduce costs. While Maytag had begun the process of shifting appliance production to lower-cost assembly plants outside the United States, by 2004 the company still produced 88 percent of its products in older U.S.-based factories. In an apparent move away from traditional company marketing strategy, company management decided on a plan to stimulate consumer purchases of new Maytag appliances before their old ones had worn out.

Costs incurred in Maytag's acquisition and integration of Amana and an increased corporate debt load led to aggressive internal cost-cutting efforts in direct materials, manufacturing, and distribution costs. Maytag introduced a 'value' priced appliance line under a separate label, ''Performa by Maytag''. To increase sales, the company also marketed Maytag-branded 'Legacy Series' washing machines that were otherwise identical to low-end Amana models, and built in the former Herrin, Illinois Amana assembly plant. The rebranded Maytag models, later termed ''Amanatags'' by dissatisfied owners, received poor customer reviews after reports surfaced of major mechanical and/or durability problems. The company also consolidated warehouse operations and cut the number of Maytag vendors. Between 2002 and 2004, Maytag corporate management cut new-product investment in half.

An increasing chorus of consumer complaints concerning product reliability and customer service, assisted by the rapid growth of internet consumer forums, began to affect the company's reputation with customers. The company was also slow to react to customer complaints regarding its flagship ''Neptune'' washer and dryer line (labeled the ''Stinkomatic'' by dissatisfied customers), resulting in further damage to the company's reputation and a $33.5 million set-aside to settle several class-action lawsuits arising from the Neptune problems. By 2005, Maytag's market share had declined to all-time lows, sales were flat, and customer satisfaction surveys ranked Maytag near the bottom of the appliance field. The problems with the ''Neptune'' line continued; in 2007, 250,000 ''Neptune'' washing machines became part of a nationwide safety recall by the Consumer Product Safety Commission due to fire danger.

On April 1, 2006, the Whirlpool Corp. completed its acquisition of Maytag Corporation. In May 2006, Whirlpool announced plans to close the former Maytag headquarters office in Newton, as well as laundry manufacturing plants in Newton, Iowa; Herrin, Illinois; and Searcy, Arkansas by 2007. Following the Maytag closure, all administration were transferred to Whirlpool's headquarters in Benton Harbor, Michigan. The Maytag name would now be used on rebranded Whirlpool appliances. Most Maytag employees were terminated, and some were offered jobs in Benton Harbor. The board of directors of Maytag all received five years' severance pay. Former chairman and CEO, Ralph F. Hake, received two years' base salary and two years' target bonus under his severance agreement.

On January 1, 2009, Maytag (under the ownership of the Whirlpool Corp.) changed the vested lifetime benefits of the Maytag retirees. There is a lawsuit pending in the Southern District Court of Iowa where Whirlpool has asked for permission to change the UAW bargained benefits. At this point in time, the benefits in question have already been changed without the judges consent.

Chronology

{| class= |- ! Year !! Event |- | 1893 || Frederick Louis Maytag arrived in Iowa by covered wagon. F.L., his two brothers-in-law, and George W. Parsons each contributed $600 for a total of $2,400 to start a new farm implement company named Parsons Band-Cutter & Self Feeder Company. They produced threshing machines, band-cutters, and self-feeder attachments invented by Parsons. |- | 1893 || Threshing machine-related injuries were all too common, and a strong need for a safer threshing machine was present. The company successfully met this need by developing a threshing machine feeder, a device which fed straw more safely into the threshing cylinder. |- | 1902 || The company was the largest feeder manufacturer in the world, and, by 1904, the ''Ruth'' was the most popular model. |- | 1905 || Maytag introduced the Success Corn Husker and Shredder. |- | 1907 || Maytag's first washing machine, the "Pastime", was produced. F.L. Maytag decided to produce these machines during the periods of seasonally related downturns in farm-implement sales. The "Pastime" washers used a wooden tub. A dolly was turned by a hand crank via wooden pegs. This turning action would pull clothes through the water and force the clothes along the corrugated tub sides producing cleaning action. A pulley allowed the machine to be operated from an outside power source such as a tractor or a windmill. |- | 1911 || A model of the Pastime with an electric motor was unveiled. |- | 1915 || Maytag developed its Multi-Motor gasoline-engine washer. This allowed customers in rural areas without electricity to utilize the automatic washers. |- | 1919 || The first aluminum washer tub was produced by Maytag. Prior to this, it had been believed in the industry that aluminum tub washers could not be built. This aluminum tub proved to have numerous advantages over the wooden tub, which had issues with leaking and rotting. |- | 1920 || L. B. Maytag, son of the company's founder, began serving as company president. |- | 1922 || Howard Snyder invented the vaned agitator. The agitator is placed inside the tub and mounted in the bottom of the tub. The concept was that, instead of washboarding or dragging the clothes, they would be gently agitated. Maytag first introduced this new washer, the Gyrafoam, and became exclusively an appliance company. |- | 1924 || By 1924, one of every five washing machines were made by Maytag in Newton, IA. |- | 1924 || Maytag introduced its first iron. |- | 1925 || Maytag was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. |- | 1926 || The company was now headed by Elmer Henry Maytag, another son of F.L. Maytag. |- | 1926 || On October 12, five trainloads packed full with Maytag Washers were shipped out to the country. At this time, it was the world's largest single shipment of merchandise. Maytag broke its own record in May 1927, and shipped out eight trainloads. |- | 1927 || Maytag had produced over a million washers. |- | 1929 || Maytag realized earnings of $6,838,883, a pre-war high. Maytag also survived the Great Depression without having a loss for any year. |- | 1934 || Maytag begins production of Maytag Toy Racer automobiles on October 11. |- | 1938 || Maytag hit by strikes because of 10% pay cut, survives labor unrest only through intervention and backing of four troops (companies) of the 113th Cavalry, Iowa National Guard. |- | 1940 || E. H. Maytag died and his son, Frederick Louis Maytag II (grandson of F.L. Maytag), became Maytag's head at the age of 29. |- | 1941 || Maytag Toy Racer production ends on December 1. During World War II Maytag no longer produced washing machines and instead concentrated on the war effort. From 1941 to 1945, Maytag made design improvements on, and manufactured special components for, military airplanes. These parts were used in sixteen different types of combat aircraft, including the B-29 Super Fortress, the B-17 Flying Fortress, B-26 Marauder, and the P-51 Mustang. |- | 1946 || The war ended and washing machine manufacturing was geared back up in Newton, IA. Maytag began selling ranges and refrigerators. |- | 1948 || Maytag's plant number two was opened in Newton, Iowa. This facility manufactured Maytag's first automatic washers, the "AMP", introduced that year. This was the start of a new age in washing machines for Maytag. |- | 1951 || The Korean War was underway, and Maytag built parts for tanks and other military equipment alongside the washing machines. |- | 1953 || Maytag introduced its first automatic dryer. |-| 1954 || Maytag's first television advertisement was aired. |- 1956 Production of "Highlander" 2nd generation automatic washer started | 1958 || Maytag introduced the commercial coin-slide washers used in laundromats. |- | 1961 || Maytag's corporate headquarters building was dedicated. |- | 1962 || Upon the death of F. L. Maytag II, George M. Unibreit became chairman of the board and chief executive officer, and E.G. Higdon was named president. The company would never again be led by a Maytag family member. |- | 1966 || Maytag produced its first line of portable dishwashers. Additionally licensed its first Maytag home appliance center. |- | 1967 || Character actor Jesse White appears in the first "Maytag Repairman" TV commercial. |- | 1972 || Daniel L. Krumm succeeded E.G. Higdon as Maytag president and treasurer, and two years later he was named chief executive officer. |- | 1975 || Maytag introduced Maytag-equipped home style laundries. |- | 1981 || Maytag acquired Hardwick Stove Company. |- | 1983 || Maytag discontinued production of wringer washers, after 76 years. |- | 1985 || Maytag introduced the first-ever stacked washer/dryer. |- | 1986 || The Maytag Company became the Maytag Corporation. It acquired Magic Chef, and started selling a full line of appliances. |- | 1987 || Maytag Corporation added a line of front-loading commercial washers. |- | 1989 || Maytag acquired the Hoover Company. |- | 1989 || Gordon Jump of ''WKRP in Cincinnati'' fame first appears as The Maytag Repairman. |- | 1991 || Maytag contracted with Montgomery Ward & Co. for the exclusive use of the Admiral brand (acquired in the Magic Chef acquisition) on its consumer electronic goods. (Admiral would later become exclusive to Home Depot after the Whirlpool Corporation purchased Maytag). |- | 1992 || Maytag began manufacturing of dishwashers in Jackson, Tennessee. |-1992 || Hoover Europe began Hoover free flight promotion. |-1994 || End of Hoover free flight promotion. | 1994 || Hoover introduced the first SteamVac extractors. |- | 1997 || Maytag introduced a high-efficiency washer, the Maytag Neptune. |- | 2001 || Maytag acquired Amana. Maytag relabels some Amana-built models with the 'Maytag' brand, selling them as Maytag products. |- | 2002 || A class-action lawsuit is filed against the company on behalf of Neptune washing machine consumers. |- | 2004 || Maytag Corporation announces a loss of $9 million dollars. |- | 2005 || Maytag became the subject of a takeover battle between a private investment group in the United States. (Ripplewood), a three party group composed of Blackstone, Baird and Haier Corporation, a Chinese appliance manufacturer, and the Whirlpool Corporation. On December 22, Maytag stockholders agreed to sell Maytag to Whirlpool, ending Maytag's 112-year history as an independent company. |- | 2006 || On March 31, Whirlpool Corp. completed its acquisition of Maytag and began integrating the two appliance companies. |- | 2007 || Clay Earl Jackson becomes the new Maytag repairman featured in advertising campaigns. During this year, Maytag also celebrates the 100th anniversary of the Pastime washing machine by releasing the Centennial Washer and Dryer pair. |}

Owned brands

Admiral

Amana

Caloric

Crosley

Dynasty

Gaffers & Sattler

Glenwood

Hardwick

Holiday

Hoover vacuums

Jade

JENN-Air

Litton

Magic Chef

Menu Master

Modern Maid

Norge

Sunray

Products

In major appliances, Maytag was among the top three companies in the North American market, offering a full line of washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, cooktops, refrigerators, and ranges under the Maytag, Hoover, Jenn-Air, Amana, Magic Chef, Dixie-Narco, and Jade brands.

Maytag sold multiple small appliances including a cordless iron under the Maytag brand, a mixer and blender under JENN-Air; the company also sold the popular Skybox and Rookie home-vending products.

In floor care, Maytag owned the Hoover brand, the market leader in North America and the floor-care brand with the highest consumer recognition and buying preference.

In commercial products, Maytag owned Dixie-Narco, a leader in refrigerated soft drink and specialty vending machines as well as Jade cooking products and Amana commercial cooking products.

Maytag had presence in markets around the world, including sales operations in Australia, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. The corporation's export sales and marketing, licensing of brands, and international joint ventures was coordinated by Maytag International in Schaumburg, Illinois.

Maytag International

In 1988, DOMICOR was established as Maytag Corporation's international division and in 1992 became Maytag International, Inc. which eventually encompassed all of Maytag's worldwide ventures including Maytag Australia, Maytag Canada, Maytag Commercial (Mexico), and Maytag UK.

Maytag International, was based in Schaumburg, Illinois, handled the sales, licensing and business ventures of corporate appliances and floorcare brands in overseas markets as well as the administrative support for the international sales organization. This network extended to more than 70 countries worldwide.

Maytag International was responsible for export sales and licensing of the corporation's appliances and floor care brands and joint ventures in overseas markets. This network extends to more than 90 countries worldwide. The main office is located in Chicago with major subsidiary offices in Burlington, Ontario (Canada), Monterrey (Mexico), Sydney (Australia), and London (England) and region sales offices in Beirut (Lebanon) and Guaynabo (Puerto Rico).

Manufacturing plants

At the time of acquisition, Maytag had 14 manufacturing plants throughout the United States and Mexico. These include:

laundry manufacturing plants in Newton, Iowa; Herrin, Illinois; and Searcy, Arkansas, in the U.S., and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, in Mexico

refrigeration manufacturing plants in Amana, Iowa and Reynosa, Tamaulipas

cooking manufacturing plant in Cleveland, Tennessee

dishwashing manufacturing plant in Findlay, Ohio

vending manufacturing plant in Williston, South Carolina

floor-care manufacturing plants in North Canton, Ohio, El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.

subassembly manufacturing plant in Reynosa, Tamaulipas

There are also manufacturing plants in China

Ol' Lonely

Ol' Lonely, or "the lonely repairman", is a character in Maytag advertisements, created for Maytag by copywriter Vincent R. Vassolo of the Leo Burnett advertising agency. His character was initially played by Jesse White, who retained the role until 1988. In a time in which the laundry appliances of major manufacturers had reached maturity, differing mostly in minor details, the campaign was designed to remind consumers of the perceived added value in Maytag products derived from the brand's reputation for dependability. Maytag advertisements stated “Ol' Lonely’s predicament is testimony to the durability and reliability of Maytag appliances. Now if only he had something to do with his days.” The campaign proved a huge success, allowing Maytag to set a substantial price premium, as well as strongly influencing consumer preference at the higher end of the laundry appliance market.

In 1986, the repairman was joined by Newton, a basset hound named for Maytag’s headquarters in Newton, Iowa. In 1989, character actor Gordon Jump first appeared as Ol' Lonely in the advertisement “Biker.” In total, Jump appeared in more than 77 Maytag commercials and print advertisements. He made appearances at events for employees and customers and also was actively involved in several philanthropic and charitable causes. Ironically, a former Maytag repairman was convicted of fabricating repair and expense claims.

Actor Hardy Rawls was hired to play Ol' Lonely after Jump's retirement in 2003, although he appeared only in print advertising and personal appearances. Gordon Jump died two months later on September 22, 2003. In French-speaking Quebec, Ol' Lonely was played by Paul Berval. For a period of time Maytag gave Ol' Lonely a younger sidekick character known as the 'Maytag Apprentice', played by actor Mark Devine. However, in 2005 Maytag cancelled his contract. Maytag also elected not to renew Rawls' contract, instead holding open auditions. Indianapolis Colts backup quarterback Jim Sorgi was among those who auditioned. On April 2, 2007, Maytag announced that Clay Earl Jackson of Richmond, Virginia had been selected to fill the role of Ol' Lonely.

By the end of the twentieth century, the "Maytag repairman" character had become an iconic metaphor for a professional whose services are rarely needed, such as "Most people in town now have their own cars, making the local bus driver like the Maytag repairman." Times were changing however, and events at Maytag and within the industry began to diminish the effectiveness of the long-lived Maytag- repairman campaign. Consumer demand for innovative, expensive, and increasingly complex electronically-controlled and computerized appliances, coupled with higher labor costs and complaints over Maytag product quality and service, influenced a decline in Maytag sales and profit margins. By 2004, the Maytag repairman character had become to some consumers a symbol of misplaced trust in aging marketing campaigns. As one commentator noted, "Unfortunately things change, and, after some major quality hiccups, now it's the Maytag salesman who is bemoaning his loneliness. Maytag's reputation has plunged to the bottom with costly consumer class action lawsuits and numerous quality complaints." As a partial result of Maytag's quality problems, the company reported a loss of $9 million in 2004, according to ''Industry Week''.

See also

Maytag Toy Racer automobiles

References

External links

Maytag

Maytag Corporation website (Archive)

* Category:Companies based in Iowa Category:Companies established in 1893 Category:Maytag family Category:Defunct manufacturing companies of the United States Category:Home appliance manufacturers Category:Jasper County, Iowa Category:Companies disestablished in 2006

ja:メイタグ

Coordinates	6°7′55″N1°13′22″N
name	James Beard
birth place	Portland, Oregon, United States
death place	New York City, New York, United States
style	French, Chinese
website	http://www.jamesbeard.org/ }}

James Andrew Beard (May 5, 1903 – January 21, 1985) was an American chef and food writer. The central figure in the story of the establishment of a gourmet American food identity, Beard was an eccentric personality who brought French cooking to the American middle and upper classes in the 1950s. His legacy lives on in twenty books, numerous writings, his own foundation, and his foundation's annual Beard awards in various culinary genres.

Early life

Beard was born in Portland, Oregon, to Elizabeth and John Beard. His mother operated The Gladstone Hotel and his father worked at the city's customs house. The family vacationed on the Pacific coast in Gearhart, Oregon. There, Beard was exposed to the unique local foods of the Pacific Northwest, including seafood and wild berries.

Beard's earliest memory of food was the Lewis and Clark Exposition of 1905, when he was just two years old. Beard in his memoir recalled:

I was taken to the exposition two or three times. The thing that remained in my mind above all others — I think it marked my life — was watching Triscuits and shredded wheat biscuits being made. Isn't that crazy? At two years old that memory was made. It intrigued the hell out of me.

At the age of three, Beard was bedridden with malaria. This sickness gave him time to eat and enjoy the food prepared by his mother and their Chinese helper. Beard's early childhood and the influence that Chinese cooking had on him helped prepare him for a later life at the forefront of culinary American ''chic''. According to Beard, he was raised by Thema and Let who instilled a passion for Chinese culture. According to David Kamp, "in 1940 — he realized that part of his mission [as a food connoisseur] was to defend the pleasure of real cooking and fresh ingredients against the assault of the Jell-O-mold people and the domestic scientists." Beard lived in France in the 1920s. Consequently, Beard experienced French cuisine at bistros. As a result of Beard's exposure and subsequent influence of French culinary culture he became a Francophile.

Education

According to the James Beard Foundation, "After a brief stint at Reed College in Portland," (from which he was expelled in 1922 for homosexual activity) "in 1923 Beard went on the road with a theatrical troupe. He lived abroad for several years studying voice and theater, but returned to the United States for good in 1927."

Career

He trained initially as a singer and actor, and moved to New York City in 1937. Not having much luck in the theater, he and his friend, Bill Rhodes, capitalized on the cocktail party craze by opening a catering company, "Hors d'Oeuvre, Inc.", which led to the publication of Beard's first cookbook, ''Hors D'Oeuvre and Canapés'', a compilation of his catering recipes. Rationing difficulties during World War II brought his catering business to a halt. In 1946, he appeared on an early televised cooking show, ''I Love to Eat'', on NBC, and thus began his rise as an eminent American food authority.

According to Julia Child, Beard was on the culinary road map in 1940 with the publication of his first book, ''Hors d'Oeuvre and Canapés''. Beard started out with a catering business in New York, followed by lecturing, teaching, and writing both books and articles. Child states, "Through the years he gradually became not only the leading culinary figure in the country, but 'The Dean of American Cuisine'." According to the James Beard Foundation website: "In 1955, he established The James Beard Cooking School. He continued to teach cooking to men and women for the next 30 years, both at his own schools (in New York City and Seaside, Oregon), and around the country at women's clubs, other cooking schools, and civic groups. He was a tireless traveler, bringing his message of good food, honestly prepared with fresh, wholesome, American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage."

James Beard brought French cooking to the American middle and upper classes in the 1950s. Beard starred on TV as a cooking personality. David Kamp notes that this show was the first cooking show on TV. Kamp contrasts Dione Lucas's cooking show and cooking school with that of James Beard, noting also that their prominence in the 1950s marked the emergence of a New York-based, nationally- and internationally-known sophisticated food culture. Kamp notes, "It was in this decade [the 1950s] that Beard made his name as ''James Beard'', the brand name, the face and belly of American gastronomy." Kamp points out that Beard was able to meet Alice B. Toklas on a trip to Paris, illustrating Beard's extensive network of fellow food celebrities that would follow him throughout his life and carry on his legacy after his death.

Financial needs caused Beard to sign endorsement deals promoting products that he might otherwise have not used or suggested in his own cuisine, had he been financially independent. Beard entered into an endorsement project with the Green Giant canned food company. Kamp explains that Beard felt that he was a "gastronomic whore" for doing so. Apparently, mass-produced food that was neither fresh, local, nor seasonal, was a betrayal of Beard's gastronomic beliefs, but arose from his desire to pay for his cooking schools.

In 1981, along with friend Gael Greene, Beard founded Citymeals-on-Wheels, which continues to help feed the home-bound elderly in New York City.

Personal life

Julia Child accurately sums up Beard's personal life in a brief description:

Beard was the quintessential American cook. Well-educated and well-traveled during his eighty-two years, he was familiar with many cuisines but he remained fundamentally American. He was a big man, over six feet tall, with a big belly, and huge hands. An endearing and always lively teacher, he loved people, loved his work, loved gossip, loved to eat, loved a good time.

Child's summary makes two significant omissions. The first is that he was homosexual. Beard's memoir states: "By the time I was seven, I knew that I was gay. I think it's time to talk about that now." The second was Beard's own admission of possessing "until I was about forty-five, I guess a really violent temper."

Mark Bittman (who did not know Beard personally) describes him in a manner similar to that of Julia Child: "In a time when serious cooking meant French Cooking, Beard was quintessentially American, a Westerner whose mother ran a boardinghouse, a man who grew up with hotcakes and salmon and meatloaf in his blood. A man who was born a hundred years ago on the other side of the country, in a city, Portland, that at the time was every bit as cosmopolitan as, say, Allegheny PA."

Beard died January 21, 1985, in New York City, New York, United States, of heart failure at the age of 81. He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered over the beach in Gearhart, Oregon, United States, where he spent his summers as a child.

Foundation

The James Beard Foundation was set up in Beard's honor to provide scholarships to aspiring food professionals and to champion the American culinary tradition — which Beard helped create. Since 2001 the Beard Foundation has awarded over $2.2 million in scholarships and tuition waivers to young culinarians and career changers pursuing culinary studies.

For a time, the foundation was plagued by scandal; in 2004 its head, Leonard Pickell, resigned and was imprisoned for grand larceny and in 2005 the board of trustees resigned. It was during this period that chef and writer Anthony Bourdain referred to the foundation as "a kind of benevolent shakedown operation". Since that time a completely new board of trustees has instituted a new ethics policy and selected a new president, Susan Ungaro, both actions explicitly targeted at preventing further abuse.

The foundation continues to experience some financial difficulty; it has operated at a deficit for several consecutive years, though the size of that deficit has decreased since Pickell's departure and 2010 is expected to be a turnaround year for the organization.

After Beard's death in 1985, Julia Child had the idea to preserve his home in New York City as the gathering place it was throughout his life. Peter Kump, a former student of Beard's and the founder of the Institute of Culinary Education (formerly Peter Kump's New York Cooking School), spearheaded the effort to purchase the house and create the James Beard Foundation.

Beard's renovated brownstone is located at 167 West 12th Street, in the heart of Greenwich Village. It is North America's only historical culinary center, a place where Foundation members, the press, and the general public are encouraged to savor the creations of both established and emerging chefs from across the country and around the globe.

The annual James Beard Foundation Awards are given at the industry's biggest party, part of a fortnight of activities that celebrate fine cuisine and Beard's birthday. Held on the first Monday in May, the Awards ceremony honors the finest chefs, restaurants, journalists, cookbook authors, restaurant designers, and electronic media professionals in the country. It culminates in a reception featuring a tasting of the signature dishes of more than 30 of the James Beard Foundation's very best chefs.

A quarterly magazine, ''Beard House'', is a comprehensive compendium of the best in culinary journalism. The foundation also publishes the ''James Beard Foundation Restaurant Directory'', a directory of all chefs who have either presented a meal at the Beard House or have participated in one of the foundation's out-of-House fundraising events.

Works

''Hors d'Oeuvre and Canapés'' 1940 (M. Barrows & Co.), revised in 1963 and 1985

''Cook It Outdoors'' 1941 (M. Barrows & Co.)

''Fowl and Game Cookery'' 1944 (M. Barrows & Co.)

''The Fireside Cook Book: A Complete Guide to Fine Cooking for Beginner and Expert'' 1949 (Simon and Schuster), reissued in 1982 as ''The Fireside Cookbook''

''Paris Cuisine'' 1952 (Little, Brown) Beard co-wrote Paris Cuisine with British journalist Alexander Watt.

''The Complete Book of Barbecue & Rotisserie Cooking'' 1954 (Maco Magazine Corp.), reissued in 1958 as ''New Barbecue Cookbook'' and again in 1966 as ''Jim Beard's Barbecue Cookbook''

''Complete Cookbook for Entertaining'' 1954 (Maco Magazine Corp.)

''How to Eat Better for Less Money'' 1954 (Simon and Schuster)

''James Beard's Fish Cookery'' 1954 (Little, Brown), reissued in 1976 and 1987 in paperback as ''James Beard's New Fish Cookery''

''Casserole Cookbook'' 1955 (Maco Magazine Corp.)

''The Complete Book of Outdoor Cookery'' 1955 (Doubleday)

''The James Beard Cookbook'' 1959 (Dell Publishing Co.), revised in 1961, 1970, 1987 (paperback) and 1996

''Treasury of Outdoor Cooking'' 1960 (Golden Press)

''Delights & Prejudices: A Memoir with Recipes'' 1964 (Atheneum), revised in 1981 and 1990

''James Beard's Menus for Entertaining'' 1965 (Delacorte Press)

''How to Eat (and Drink) Your Way through a French (or Italian) Menu'' 1971 (Atheneum)

''James Beard's American Cookery'' 1972 (Little, Brown)

''Beard on Bread'' 1973 (Knopf), revised in 1995 (paperback)

''James Beard Cooks with Corning'' 1973

''Beard on Food'' 1974 (Knopf)

''New Recipes for the Cuisinart Food Processor'' 1976

''James Beard's Theory & Practice of Good Cooking'' 1977 (Knopf), revised in 1978, 1986, and 1990

''The New James Beard'' 1981 (Knopf), revised in 1989

''Beard on Pasta'' 1983 (Knopf)

''The Grand Grand Marnier Cookbook''

''Benson & Hedges 100's Presents: 100 of the World's Greatest Recipes by James Beard'' 1976

''The James Beard Cookbook on CuisineVu'' 1987

''James Beard's Simple Foods'' 1993 (Macmillan)

''Love and Kisses and a Halo of Truffles'' 1994 (Arcade), edited by John Ferrone

''The James Beard Cookbooks'' 1997 (Thames and Hudson), edited by John Ferrone

''The Armchair James Beard'' 1999 (The Lyons Press), edited by John Ferrone

Archival collection

The James Beard Papers are housed in the Fales Library at New York University. See The Fales Library Guide to the James Beard Papers

Notes

References

Beard, James. ''A James Beard Memoir: The James Beard Celebration Cookbook''. Ed. Barbara Kafka. New York: Wings Books, 1990.

Beard, James. ''James Beard Beard on Food: The Best Recipes and Kitchen Wisdom from the Dean of American Cooking''. New York: Bloomsbury, 2007.

Beard, James. ''The Fireside Cook Book: A Complete Guide to Fine Cooking for Beginner and Expert''. New York: Simon And Schuster, 1949.

Beard, James. ''The Best of Beard: Great Recipes From a Great Cook''. New York: Western Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.

Clark, Robert. ''James Beard: A Biography''. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.

Kamp, David. ''The United States of Arugula: The Sun Dried, Cold-pressed, Dark-Roasted, Extra Virgin Story of the American Food Revolution''. New York: Broadway Books, 2006.

Loughery, John. ''The Other Side of Silence – Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History''. New York, Henry Holt and Company, 1998. ISBN 0805038965.

External links

The Fales Library Guide to the James Beard Papers

James Beard Foundation

James Beard Foundation Awards

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Category:1903 births Category:1985 deaths Category:American chefs Category:American food writers Category:American television chefs Category:People from Portland, Oregon Category:Reed College alumni Category:LGBT writers from the United States Category:Gay writers

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Coordinates	6°7′55″N1°13′22″N
name	Frederick Louis Maytag III
birth date	December 09, 1937
birth place	Newton, Iowa, U.S.
Employer	Anchor Brewing CompanyMaytag Dairy FarmsYork Creek Vineyards
occupation	Businessman, brewing magnate, viticulturist
children	Frederick Louis Maytag IV, Alexandra Matthews, PhD. | parents Frederick Louis Maytag II | relatives Frederick Louis Maytag I, greatgrandfather }}

Frederick Louis “Fritz” Maytag III (born December 9, 1937 in Newton, Iowa) is the former owner of Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco and is Chairman of the Board of the Maytag Dairy Farms (maker of Maytag Blue cheese). He is also the owner of York Creek Vineyards in St. Helena, California. His revival of Anchor Steam beer inspired many other brewers to follow, and he is often considered father of modern microbreweries.

Biography

Maytag is the great-grandson of Maytag Corporation founder Frederick Louis Maytag I and the son of Maytag Dairy Farms founder Frederick Louis Maytag II. He is a 1955 graduate of Deerfield Academy and a 1959 graduate of Stanford University.

In its April 2005 article "26 Most Fascinating Entrepreneurs", ''Inc.'' magazine named Maytag seventh-most fascinating "for setting limits".

Maytag won the 2008 James Beard Foundation's Lifetime Achievement award for his work at Anchor Brewing.

Anchor Brewing Company

Hearing that the Steam Beer Brewing Company was about to close and looking for something serious to do with his life, Maytag bought the company in 1965 and made it his mission. Steam Beer Brewing had produced awful, sour beer through the 1950s and into the '60s. To revive the company, Maytag altered the recipe and the brewing process and the beer soon surged in popularity. The brewery moved to a new location in 1979 and throughout the coming years demand continued to climb. Not wanting to sacrifice the small size of the brewery, and in turn the quality of the beer, Maytag helped competitors become proficient in microbrewing. This helped to ease the strain on his own company.

See also

Maytag blue cheese

Anchor Brewing Company

F. L. Maytag

References

External links

Anchor Brewing Company

Maytag Dairy Farms

''Of grape and grain'', article in the ''San Francisco Chronicle'' (January 29, 2004)

26 Most Fascinating Entrepreneurs, Inc. Magazine, April 2005

2008 James Beard Foundation Awards

Category:1937 births Category:American people of German descent Category:Businesspeople in the brewing industry Category:Deerfield Academy alumni Category:Living people Category:Maytag family Category:People from Jasper County, Iowa Category:Viticulturists