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Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura, (අනුරාධපුරය in Sinhala, அனுராதபுரம் in Tamil), is one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, famous for its well-preserved ruins of ancient Sri Lankan civilization.
The city, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies 205 km north of the current capital Colombo in Sri Lanka's North Central Province, on the banks of the historic Malvathu Oya. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and one of the eight World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka.
From the 4th century BC, it was the capital of Sri Lanka until the beginning of the 11th century AD. During this period it remained one of the most stable and durable centers of political power and urban life in South Asia. The ancient city, considered sacred to the Buddhist world, is today surrounded by monasteries covering an area of over sixteen square miles (40 km²).
Although according to historical records the city was founded in the 5th century BC, the archaeological data put the date as far back as the 10th century BC. Very little evidence was available about the period before the 5th century BC (i.e. the protohistoric period), though excavations have revealed information about the earlier inhabitants of the city.
wn.com/Anuradhapura -
Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] (
listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km2) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km2, which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.
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Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gaya is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is famous for being the place where Gautama Buddha is said to have obtained Enlightenment (Bodhimandala).
The place-name, Bodh Gaya, did not come into use until the 18th century BCE. Historically, it was known as Uruvela, Sambodhi, Vajrasana or Mahabodhi. The main monastery of Bodh Gaya used to be called the Bodhimanda-vihāra (Pali). Now it is called the Mahabodhi Temple.
For Buddhists, Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main four pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath. In 2002, Mahabodhi Temple, located in Bodh Gaya, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The surrounding town, by contrast, is dusty and somewhat noisy. A new development plan has been proposed to "ensure a sustainable and prosperous future" for Bodh Gaya, but has become controversial because such a plan may require the relocation of whole neighborhoods.
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Bodhi Tree
Coordinates: 24°41′45.29″N 84°59′29.29″E / 24.6959139°N 84.9914694°E / 24.6959139; 84.9914694
The Bodhi Tree, also known as Bo (from the Sinhalese Bo), was a large and very old Sacred Fig tree (Ficus religiosa) located in Bodh Gaya (about 100 km (62 mi) from Patna in the Indian state of Bihar), under which Siddhartha Gautama, the spiritual teacher later known as Gautama Buddha, is said to have achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi. In religious iconography, the Bodhi tree is recognizable by its heart-shaped leaves, which are usually prominently displayed.
The term "Bodhi Tree" is also widely applied to currently existing trees, particularly the Sacred Fig growing at the Mahabodhi Temple, which is a direct descendant planted in 288 BC from the original specimen. This tree is a frequent destination for pilgrims, being the most important of the four main Buddhist pilgrimage sites. Other holy Bodhi trees which have a great significance in the history of Buddhism are the Anandabodhi tree in Sravasti and the Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Both are believed to have been propagated from the original Bodhi tree.
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Bodhi tree
Coordinates: 24°41′45.29″N 84°59′29.29″E / 24.6959139°N 84.9914694°E / 24.6959139; 84.9914694
The Bodhi Tree, also known as Bo (from the Sinhalese Bo), was a large and very old Sacred Fig tree (Ficus religiosa) located in Bodh Gaya (about 100 km (62 mi) from Patna in the Indian state of Bihar), under which Siddhartha Gautama, the spiritual teacher later known as Gautama Buddha, is said to have achieved enlightenment, or Bodhi. In religious iconography, the Bodhi tree is recognizable by its heart-shaped leaves, which are usually prominently displayed.
The term "Bodhi Tree" is also widely applied to currently existing trees, particularly the Sacred Fig growing at the Mahabodhi Temple, which is a direct descendant planted in 288 BC from the original specimen. This tree is a frequent destination for pilgrims, being the most important of the four main Buddhist pilgrimage sites. Other holy Bodhi trees which have a great significance in the history of Buddhism are the Anandabodhi tree in Sravasti and the Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Both are believed to have been propagated from the original Bodhi tree.
wn.com/Bodhi_tree -
Borobudur
Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument consists of six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside a perforated stupa.
Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, the temple’s design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region, yet there are enough indigenous scenes and elements incorporated to make Borobudur uniquely Indonesian. The monument is both a shrine to the Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. The journey for pilgrims begins at the base of the monument and follows a path around the monument and ascends to the top through three levels symbolic of Buddhist cosmology: Kāmadhātu (the world of desire), Rupadhatu (the world of forms) and Arupadhatu (the world of formlessness). The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the balustrades.
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Burma
Burma
i/ˈbɜrmə/ BUR-mə, also known as Myanmar i/ˌmjɑːnˈmɑr/ MYAHN--MAR, is a country in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. At 676,578 km2 (261,227 sq mi), it is the 40th largest country in the world and the second largest country in Southeast Asia. Burma is also the 24th most populous country in the world with over 60.28 million people.
Burma is home to some of the early civilizations of Southeast Asia including the Pyu and the Mon. In the 9th century, the Burmans of the Kingdom of Nanzhao, entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Empire in the 1050s, the Burmese language and culture slowly became dominant in the country. During this period, Theravada Buddhism gradually became the predominant religion of the country. The Pagan Empire fell due to the Mongol invasions (1277–1301), and several warring states emerged. In the second half of the 16th century, the country was reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty which for a brief period was the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Burma as well as Manipur and Assam. The country was colonized by Britain following three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824–1885).
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Gandhara
Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार Gandḥārā, Urdu: گندھارا Ghandhāra, Pashto: ګندارا, Punjabi: گندھارا, Persian: ویهیند) is the name of an ancient kingdom (Mahajanapada), located in modern day northern Pakistan and parts of eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau (see Taxila) and on the Kabul River. Its main cities were Purushapura (modern Peshawar), literally meaning "City of Man", Varmayana (modern Bamyan) and Takshashila (modern Taxila).
The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from the early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century AD. It attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century under the Buddhist Kushan Kings. The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries. After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim period the area was administered from Lahore or from Kabul. During Mughal times the area was part of Kabul province.
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India
India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
Coordinates: 8°20′41″N 80°23′48″E / 8.34472°N 80.39667°E / 8.34472; 80.39667
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi is a Sacred Fig tree in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. It is said to be the southern branch from the historical Bodhi tree Sri Maha Bodhi at Bodh Gaya in India under which Lord Buddha attained Enlightenment. It was planted in 288 BC, and is the oldest living human-planted tree in the world with a known planting date. Today it is one of the most sacred relics of the Buddhists in Sri Lanka and respected by Buddhists all over the world.
The other fig trees that surround the sacred tree prevent it from storms and animals such as monkeys, bats, etc.
In the 3rd century BC, it was brought to Sri Lanka by Sangamitta (Pali; Skt.: Sanghamitra) Thera, the daughter of Emperor Asoka and founder of an order of Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka. In 249 BC, it was planted by King Devanampiya Tissa on a high terrace about 6.5 m (21.3 ft) above the ground in the Mahamevnāwa Park in Anuradhapura and surrounded by railings.
wn.com/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi -
Kushinagar
Kushinagar (Hindi: कुशीनगर, Urdu: کُشی نگر), Kusinagar or Kusinara is a town and a nagar panchayat in Kushinagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an important Buddhist pilgrimage site, where Gautama Buddha is thought to have attained Parinirvana after his death.
As of 2001[update] India census, Kushinagar had a population of 17,982. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kushinagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%. In Kushinagar, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.It is 20km (south) away from Padrauna, 55km (east) from Gorakhpur, and 35km (north) from deoria.
In ancient times, it was known as Kushavati (Jatakas). It finds mention in epic Ramayan as the city of Kusha the son of Ram, the famous king of Ayodhya. Kushinagar was a celebrated center of the Malla kingdom of ancient India. Later, it would be known as Kushinara, one of the most important four holy sites for Buddhists. At this location, near the Hiranyavati River, Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana (or 'Final Nirvana') after falling ill from eating a meal of a species of mushroom, or possibly pork.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Lumbini
Lumbinī (Sanskrit: लुम्बिनी, "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. It is the place where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama, who as the Buddha Gautama founded the Buddhist tradition. The Buddha lived between roughly 563 and 483 BCE. Lumbini is one of four magnets for pilgrimage that sprang up in places pivotal to the life of the Buddha, the others being at Kushinagar, Bodh Gaya and Sarnath.
Lumbini was where the Buddha lived until the age of 29. Lumbini has a number of temples, including the Mayadevi temple, and others under construction. Also located here is the Puskarini or Holy Pond where the Buddha's mother took the ritual dip prior to his birth and where he, too, had his first bath, as well as the remains of Kapilvastu palace. At other sites near Lumbini, earlier Buddhas were, according to tradition, born, achieved ultimate awakening and finally relinquished earthly form.
In the Buddha's time, Lumbini was situated between Kapilavastu and Devadaha. It was there that the Buddha was born. A pillar now marks the spot of Asoka's visit to Lumbiní. According to an inscription on the pillar, it was placed there by the people then in charge of the park to commemorate Asoka's visit and gifts. The park was previously known as Rummindei, two miles north of Bhagavanpura.
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Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल) (i/nɛˈpɔːl/ ne-PAWLNepali: नेपाल [neˈpal] ( listen)), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and 2 million absentee workers living abroad), Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis. Kathmandu Valley itself has estimated population of 5 million.
Nepal has a rich geography. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, called Sagarmatha in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.
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Orissa
Orissa /ɔːˈrɪsə/ (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା [oˑɽisaˑ], Hindi: ओड़िशा – Oṛiśā), officially spelled Odisha, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE. The modern state of Orissa was established on April 1, 1936, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Oriya speakers. April 1st is therefore celebrated as Utkala Dibasa (formation day of Orissa). Cuttack remained the capital of the state for over eight centuries until April 13, 1948 when Bhubaneswar was officially declared as the new capital of Orissa, and is the present capital of this state.
Orissa is the ninth largest state by area in India, and the eleventh largest by population. Oriya (officially spelled Odia) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by three quarters of the population. Orissa has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480 km long) and lacked good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradip, until the recent launch of the Dhamara Port (The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) is a 50:50 joint venture of L&T and Tata Steel. DPCL has been awarded a concession by Government of Orissa to build and operate a port north of the mouth of river Dhamra in Bhadrak district). The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the population. The interior of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated.Deomali at 1672 m is the highest point of the state. Orissa is subject to intense cyclones. The most intense one, in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and nearly 15,000 deaths.
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Piprahwa
Piprahwa is a village in the Basti district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The scented rice 'kalanamak', very famous and spicy, is grown in this area.
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Rajgir
Rajgir (Hindi: राजगीर, Urdu: راجگیر) is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Rajgir (ancient Rājagṛha; Pali: Rājagaha) was the first capital of the kingdom of Magadha, a state that would eventually evolve into the Mauryan Empire. Its date of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. This area also notable in Buddhism, as one of the favorite places for Gautama Buddha and the well known "Atanatiya" conference was held at Vulture's Peak mountain.
Rajgir is connected to Patna via Bakhtiarpur by rail and road. Bakhtiarpur lies midway between Patna and Mokameh. Road access is by NH 30A to Bakhtiarpur and NH 31 towards south to reach Bihar Sharif. From Mokameh NH 31 to Bihar Sharif. From there, NH 82 will leads to Rajgir. Rajgir is around 100 KM from both Patna and Mokameh. It is located in a green valley surrounded by rocky hills. Indian Railways run trains directly from Rajgir to New Delhi, Shramjeevi Express.
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Sarnath
Sarnath is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Sarnath is located 13 kilometres north-east of Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Singhpur, a village one km away from the site, was the birth place of Shreyansanath, the eleventh Tirthankara of Jainism, and a temple dedicated to him, is an important pilgrimage site.
Isipatana is mentioned by the Buddha as one of the four places of pilgrimage which his devout followers should visit, if they wanted to visit a place for that reason.
Mrigadava means "deer-park". Isipatana is the name used in the Pali Canon, and means the place where holy men (Pali: isi, Sanskrit: rishi) landed.
The legend says that when the Buddha-to-be was born, some devas came down to announce it to 500 rishis. The rishis all rose into the air and disappeared and their relics fell to the ground.[citation needed] Another explanation for the name is that Isipatana was so called because sages, on their way through the air (from the Himalayas), alight here or start from here on their aerial flight (isayo ettha nipatanti uppatanti cāti-Isipatanam). Pacceka Buddhas, having spent seven days in contemplation in the Gandhamādana, bathe in the Anotatta Lake and come to the habitations of men through the air, in search of alms. They descend to earth at Isipatana. Sometimes the Pacceka Buddhas come to Isipatana from Nandamūlaka-pabbhāra.
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Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (i/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon (
/sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.
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Tripitaka Koreana
The Tripitaka Koreana (lit. Goryeo Tripitaka) or Palman Daejanggyeong ("Eighty-Thousand Tripitaka") is a Korean collection of the Tripitaka (Buddhist scriptures, and the Sanskrit word for "three baskets"), carved onto 81,258 wooden printing blocks in the 13th century. It is the world's most comprehensive and oldest intact version of Buddhist canon in Hanja script, with no known errors or errata in the 52,382,960 characters which are organized in over 1496 titles and 6568 volumes. Each wood block measures 70 centimeters in width and 24 centimeters in length. The thickness of the blocks range from 2.6 to 4 centimeters and each weighs about three to four kilograms. The work is stored in Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple in South Gyeongsang province, in South Korea.
The name "Goryeo Tripitaka" comes from "Goryeo", the name of Korea from the 10th to the 14th centuries. It served as reference for the edition of the Chinese Buddhist canon.
The Tripitaka Koreana was first carved in 1087 during the Third Goryeo-Khitan War. The act of carving the woodblocks was considered to be a way of bringing about a change in fortune by invoking the Buddha's help.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Varanasi
Varanasi Hindustani pronunciation: [ʋaːˈraːɳəsi] ( listen)), also commonly known as Banaras or Benaras (Banāras [bəˈnaːrəs] ( listen)) and Kashi, Kāśī [ˈkaːʃi] ( listen)), is a city situated on the banks of the River Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, 320 kilometres (199 mi) southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy city by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Kashi Naresh (Maharaja of Kashi) is the chief cultural patron of Varanasi and an essential part of all religious celebrations. The culture of Varanasi is closely associated with the River Ganges and the river's religious importance. The city has been a cultural and religious centre in North India for several thousand years. The Benares Gharana form of the Indian classical music developed in Varanasi, and many prominent Indian philosophers, poets, writers, and musicians resided or reside in Varanasi. Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath located near Varanasi (Kashi).
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Ananda
Ānanda was one of the principal disciples and a devout attendant of the Buddha. Amongst the Buddha's many disciples, Ānanda had the most retentive memory and most of the suttas in the Sutta Pitaka are attributed to his recollection of the Buddha's teachings during the First Buddhist Council. For that, he was known as the Guardian of the Dharma.
According to the Buddha every Buddha in the past and to come will have two chief disciples and one attendant during his ministry. In the case of Gautama Buddha the pair of disciples were Sariputta and Mahamoggallana and the attendant Ānanda.
The word 'Ānanda' means 'bliss' in Pali, Sanskrit as well as other Indian languages. It is a popular Buddhist and Hindu name, but popular also among Muslims in Indonesia.
In the Kannakatthala Sutta (MN 90), Ananda is identified with the meaning of his name:
Ānanda was the first cousin of the Buddha by their fathers, and was devoted to him. In the twentieth year of the Buddha's ministry, he became the Buddha's personal attendant, accompanying him on most of his wanderings and taking the part of interlocutor in many of the recorded dialogues. He is the subject of a special panegyric delivered by the Buddha just before the Buddha's Parinibbana (the Mahaparinibbana Sutta (DN 16)); it is a panegyric for a man who is kindly, unselfish, popular, and thoughtful toward others.
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Angulimala
Daku Angulimala (Pāli: "finger necklace/garland"; Sinhala: අංගුලිමාල, Burmese: အင်္ဂုလိမာလ) is an important early figure in Buddhism, particularly within the Theravada suttas. A ruthless killer who is redeemed by a sincere conversion to Buddhism, he is seen as an example of the redemptive power of the Buddha's teaching and the universal human potential for spiritual progress, regardless of one's background.
Two texts in the Pali canon concern themselves with Angulimala's initial encounter with the Buddha and his conversion. The first is the Theragatha, verses 866-91, and the second is the Angulimala Sutta in the Majjhima Nikaya. Both offer a fairly short description of Angulimala's encounter with the Buddha, and omit much of the background information later incorporated into the story (such as Angulimala being placed under an oath by a jealous teacher). These later additions- which appear in the sutta commentaries attributed to Buddhaghosa and Dhammapala (the Majjhima Nikaya commentary known as the Papancasudani (Ps) and the Therigatha commentary Paramattha-dipani (Pad), respectively) — may represent attempts by later commentators to "rehabilitate" the character of Angulimala — making him appear as a fundamentally good human being entrapped by circumstance, rather than as a vicious killer. The sutta texts themselves do not provide for any motive for Angulimala's actions, other than pure sadism.
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Anuruddha
Anuruddha was one of the five head disciples and a cousin of Gautama Buddha.
Anuruddha was the son of Sukkhodana and brother to Mahanama. Since Sukkhodana was the brother of Suddhodana, king of the Sakyas in Kapilavastu, Anuruddha was cousin to Siddhartha, (Gautama Buddha). He was a kshatriya by birth, enabling him to be raised in wealth. Anuruddha returned to his home town two years after the enlightenment of Gautama Buddha, preaching his ideas to the Sakyan kingdom. Together with his 3 cousins Bhaddiyam, Ananda, and Devadatta and their barber Upali, to become ordained by the Buddha at the Anupiya Mango Grove.
Anuruddha acquired "divine vision" (dibba-cakkhu) and was ranked foremost among those who had the ability. Sariputta assigned the eight thoughts of a great man for Anuruddha to use as a meditation topic. Journeying into the Pacinavamsadaya in the Ceti country to practice, he was able to master seven, but could not learn the eighth, which Buddha taught him. Anuruddha developed insight and then realized arahantship.
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Asanga
Asaṅga (Sanskrit: असङ्ग; Tibetan: ཐོགས་མེད།; Wylie: Thogs med; traditional Chinese: 無著; pinyin: Wúzhuó; Romaji: Mujaku) was a major exponent of the Yogācāra tradition in India, also called Vijñānavāda. Traditionally, he and his half-brother Vasubandhu are regarded as the founders of this school. The two half-brothers were also major exponents of Abhidharma teachings, which were highly technical and sophisticated hermeneutics as well.
Asaṅga was born as the son of a Kshatriya father and Brahmin mother in Purushapura (present day Peshawar in Pakistan), which at that time was part of the ancient kingdom of Gandhāra. Current scholarship places him in in the fourth century CE. He was perhaps originally a member of the Mahīśāsaka school or the Mūlasarvāstivāda school but later converted to Mahāyāna.
In the record of his journeys through the kingdoms of India, Xuanzang wrote that Asaṅga was initially a Mahīśāsaka monk, but soon turned toward the Mahāyāna teachings. Asaṅga had a half-brother, Vasubandhu, who was a monk from the Sarvāstivāda school. Vasubandhu is said to have taken up Mahāyāna Buddhism after meeting with Asaṅga and one of Asaṅga's disciples.
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Assaji
Assaji (Pali:Assaji, Sanskrit:Asvajit) was one of the first five arahants of Gautama Buddha. He is known for his conversion of Sariputta and Mahamoggallana, the Buddha's two chief male disciples, counterparts to the nuns Khema and Uppalavanna, the chief female disciples. He lived in what is now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in northern India, during the 6th century BCE.
Assaji was born into a brahmin family. His father was one of the eight brahmin scholars who were invited by Suddhodana, the monarch of the Sakyan kingdom to Kapilavastu to read the fortune of his son Siddhartha. Assaji's father and six of the other brahmins had predicted that Siddhartha would either become a great religious leader or a great military monarch. Kaundinya, the youngest was the only one to confidently state that Siddhartha would become a Buddha. As a result, when Siddhartha renounced the world, Kaundinya and Assaji, as well as Bhaddiya, Vappa and Mahanama, three sons of three of the brahmin scholars joined Siddhartha in the ascetic life. The five joined Siddhartha in self mortification practices at Uruvela. When Siddhartha abandoned this practice to follow the Middle Way, they left him in disappointment, believing he had become indulgent.
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Aśvaghoṣa
Aśvaghoṣa (?80-?150 CE) (Devanagari: अश्वघोष) was an Indian philosopher-poet, born in Saketa in northern India to a Brahmin family. He is believed to have been the first Sanskrit dramatist, and is considered the greatest Indian poet prior to Kālidāsa. He was the most famous in a group of Buddhist court writers, whose epics rivaled the contemporary Ramayana. Whereas much of Buddhist literature prior to the time of Aśvaghoṣa had been composed in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, Aśvaghoṣa wrote in Classical Sanskrit.
According to the traditional biography of Aśvaghoṣa, which was translated into Chinese by Kumārajīva, and preserved in that language, he was originally a wandering ascetic who was able to defeat all-comers in debate.
He set a challenge to the Buddhist monks that if none could meet with him in debate then they should stop beating the wood-block which signalled to the people to bring offerings to them. There was no one there to meet the challenge so they stopped beating the wood-block.
However, in the north there was an elder bhikṣu named Pārśva at the time, who saw that if he could convert this ascetic, it would be a great asset to the propagation of the Dharma, so he traveled from northern India, and had the wood-block sounded.
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Barlaam and Josaphat
Barlaam and Josaphat or Joasaph is a Christianized version of the story of Siddhartha Gautama, who became the Buddha. In the Middle Ages the two were treated as Christian saints, being entered in the Greek Orthodox calendar on 26 August, and in the Roman Martyrology in the Western Church as "Barlaam and Josaphat" on the date of 27 November. In Eastern Orthodox, in the Russian tradition those two are commemorated on 19 November (corresponding to Gregorian 2 December) [1].
According to the legend, King Abenner or Avenier in India persecuted the Christian Church in his realm, founded by the Apostle Thomas. When astrologers predicted that his own son would some day become a Christian, Abenner had the young prince Josaphat isolated from external contact. Despite the imprisonment, Josaphat met the hermit Saint Barlaam and converted to Christianity. Josaphat kept his faith even in the face of his father's anger and persuasion. Eventually Abenner converted, turned over his throne to Josaphat, and retired to the desert to become a hermit. Josaphat himself later abdicated and went into seclusion with his old teacher Barlaam.
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Bimbisara
Bimbisara (Sanskrit: बिम्बिसारः, 558–491 BC) was a King, and later, Emperor of the Magadha empire from 543 BC to his death and belonged to the Hariyanka dynasty.
There are many accounts of Bimbisara in the Jain texts and the Buddhist Jatakas, since he was a contemporary of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha. He was the Jain king of Magadha. He acquired Anga after defeating Brahmadatta and placed it under the viceroyalty of his son Ajatashatru, with its capital at Champa.
King Bimbisara was a disciple of Mahaveera and frequently sought his teachings. According to Buddhist scriptures, King Bimbisara met the Buddha for the first time prior to the Buddha's enlightenment, and later became an important disciple. He is recorded to have attained sotapannahood, a degree of enlightenment in Buddhist teachings. However, the Jain scriptures say he was a Jain.
As per Jainism texts, he is referred to as King Shrenika of Rajgriha (being the possessor of a large army). Bimbisara sent Jivaka to Ujjain for medical treatment of King Pradyata, the king of Avanti. He was Baldev in a previous life. Per scriptures, this soul is to become the first tirthankara of the next cycle.
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Bodhidharma
Bodhidharma was a Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th/6th century CE. He is traditionally credited as the transmitter of Ch'an (Sanskrit: Dhyāna, Japanese: Zen) to China, and regarded as the first Chinese patriarch. According to Chinese legend, he also began the physical training of the Shaolin monks that led to the creation of Shaolinquan.
Little contemporary biographical information on Bodhidharma is extant, and subsequent accounts became layered with legend. There are three principal sources for Bodhidharma's biography: Yáng Xuànzhī's (Yang Hsüan-chih) The Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang (547), Tánlín's preface to the Two Entrances and Four Acts (6th century CE), and Dàoxuān's (Tao-hsuan) Further Biographies of Eminent Monks (7th century CE).
These sources vary on their account of Bodhidharma being either "from Persia" (547 CE), "a Brahman monk from South India" (645 CE), "the third son of a Brahman king of South India" (ca. 715 CE).Some traditions specifically describe Bodhidharma to be the third son of a Tamil Pallava king from Kanchipuram.
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Brahmin
Brahmin (also called Brahman; from Sanskrit brāhmaṇa ब्राह्मण) is a name used to designate a member of one of the four varnas (castes) in the traditional Hindu societys of Nepal and India.
Brahman, Brahmin and Brahma have different meanings. Brahman refers to the Supreme Self. Brahmin or Brahmana refers to an individual, while the word Brahma refers to the creative aspect of the universal consciousness. The English word brahmin is an anglicised form of the Sanskrit word Brāhmana. In the Smriti view there are four "varnas", or classes: the Brahmins, the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, and Shudras. The Atreya smriti 141-142 enjoins that
One is a Shudra by birth
samskarad dvija ucyate
By observing Sanskara one becomes a Dvija
vedapathi bhaved viprah
By studying the Vedas one becomes a Vipra
brahma janati brahmanah
Traditionally Brahmin was the name given to persons who had attained the highest spiritual knowledge (brahmavidya) and who adhered to different branches (shakhas) of Vedas. This was described to be a difficult path of discipline of body, mind, and intellect. Irrespective of their birth or class,[citation needed] people who were dedicated to such an austere life were recognized as Brahmins.[citation needed] An example of this definition of Brahmin, that a person becomes a Brahmin, rather than being born as one, is the story of the sage Vishwamitra, who was a warrior, who became a Brahmin after attaining brahmavidya, and composed the Gayatri mantra. [defunct example from period before dharmashastras So,[citation needed] The belief that people born into the Brahmin caste, automatically become Brahmins, is a concept that emerged later in ancient India.[citation needed]
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Buddhaghosa
Bhadantācariya Buddhaghoṣa（Thai: พระพุทธโฆษาจารย์, Chinese: 覺音）was a 5th-century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga, or Path of Purification, a comprehensive summary and analysis of the Theravada understanding of the Buddha's path to liberation. The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravada scriptures since at least the 12th century CE. He is generally recognized by both Western scholars and Theravadins as the most important commentator of the Theravada.
Limited reliable information is available about the life of Buddhaghosa. Three primary sources of information exist: short prologues and epilogues attached to Buddhaghosa's works; details of his life recorded in the Mahavamsa, a Sri Lankan chronicle; and a later biographical work called the Buddhaghosuppatti. A few other sources discuss the life of Buddhaghosa, but do not appear to add any reliable material. His name means "Reverend Teacher" (Bhadanta+ācariya) and "Voice of the Buddha" (Buddha+ghosa) in Pali.
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Dalai Lama
The Dalai Lama is a high lama in the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" branch of Tibetan Buddhism. The name is a combination of the Sino-Mongolian word далай (dalai) meaning "Ocean" and the Tibetan word བླ་མ་ bla-ma (with a silent "b") meaning "chief, high priest".
In religious terms, the Dalai Lama is believed by his devotees to be the rebirth of a long line of tulkus who are considered to be manifestations of the bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokiteśvara. Traditionally, the Dalai Lama is thought of as the latest reincarnation of a series of spiritual leaders who have chosen to be reborn in order to enlighten others. The Dalai Lama is often thought to be the leader of the Gelug School, but this position belongs officially to the Ganden Tripa, which is a temporary position appointed by the Dalai Lama who, in practice, exerts much influence. The line of Dalai Lamas began as a lineage of spiritual teachers; the 5th Dalai Lama assumed political authority over Tibet.
For certain periods between the 17th century and 1959, the Dalai Lamas sometimes directed the Tibetan government, which administered portions of Tibet from Lhasa. The 14th Dalai Lama remained the head of state for the Central Tibetan Administration ("Tibetan government in exile") until his retirement on March 14, 2011. He has indicated that the institution of the Dalai Lama may be abolished in the future, and also that the next Dalai Lama may be found outside Tibet and may be female. The Chinese government was very quick to reject this and claimed that only it has the authority to select the next Dalai Lama.
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Edwin Arnold
Sir Edwin Arnold KCIE CSI (10 June 1832 – 24 March 1904) was an English poet and journalist, who is most known for his work, The Light of Asia.
Arnold was born at Gravesend, Kent, the second son of a Sussex magistrate, Robert Coles Arnold. One of his six children was the novelist Edwin Lester Arnold. He was educated at King's School, Rochester; King's College London; and University College, Oxford, where he won the Newdigate prize for poetry in 1852. He became a schoolmaster, at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and in 1856 went to India as Principal of the Government Sanskrit College at Poona, a post which he held for seven years, which includes a period during the mutiny of 1857, when he was able to render services for which he was publicly thanked by Lord Elphinstone in the Bombay Council. Here he received the bias towards, and gathered material for, his future works.
Returning to England in 1861 he worked as a journalist on the staff of the Daily Telegraph, a newspaper with which he continued to be associated as editor for more than forty years, and later became its editor-in-chief. It was he who, on behalf of the proprietors of the Daily Telegraph in conjunction with the New York Herald, arranged the journey of H.M. Stanley to Africa to discover the course of the Congo River, and Stanley named after him a mountain to the north-east of Albert Edward Nyanza.
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Franz Osten
Franz Osten (23 December 1876 – 2 December 1956) was a German filmmaker who along with Himansu Rai was among the first retainers of Bombay Talkies. Osten partnered with Rai on a number of India's earliest blockbuster films like Achhut Kanya and Jeevan Naiya.
He was born as Franz Ostermayr in Munich on 23 December 1876. He trained to be a photographer like his father and gave acting a try. In 1907, he founded a traveling cinema called the "Original Physograph Company" together with his brother Peter Ostermayr, who later established the predecessor to Bavaria Film Studios, today one of Germany's largest film studios. Amongst other films, he showed Life in India, a short documentary film about the Munich carnival. The run was not very successful: three days after the opening, the projector exploded in flames. Osten decided to make films and in 1911 directed his first feature, Erna Valeska. His career was abruptly interrupted by the beginning of World War I. He worked first as a correspondent, then became a soldier. After the war Osten made peasant dramas like The War of the Oxen and Chain of Guilt for EMELKA in Munich.
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Gandhara
Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार Gandḥārā, Urdu: گندھارا Ghandhāra, Pashto: ګندارا, Punjabi: گندھارا, Persian: ویهیند) is the name of an ancient kingdom (Mahajanapada), located in modern day northern Pakistan and parts of eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau (see Taxila) and on the Kabul River. Its main cities were Purushapura (modern Peshawar), literally meaning "City of Man", Varmayana (modern Bamyan) and Takshashila (modern Taxila).
The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from the early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century AD. It attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century under the Buddhist Kushan Kings. The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries. After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim period the area was administered from Lahore or from Kabul. During Mughal times the area was part of Kabul province.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha or Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम बुद्ध; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. The word Buddha is a title for the first awakened being in an era. In most Buddhist traditions, Siddhartha Gautama is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one" or "the enlightened one." Gautama Buddha may also be referred to as Śākyamuni (Sanskrit: शाक्यमुनि "Sage of the Śākyas"). The Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.
The time of Gautama's birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century historians dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE, but more recent opinion dates his death to between 486 and 483 BCE or, according to some, between 411 and 400 BCE. UNESCO lists Lumbini, Nepal, as a world heritage site and birthplace of Gautama Buddha. There are also claims about birth place of Gautama Buddha to be Kapileswara, Orissa or Kapilavastu at Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh He later taught throughout regions of eastern India such as Magadha and Kośala.
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Hermann Hesse
Hermann Hesse (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛɐ̯man ˈhɛsə]; July 2, 1877 – August 9, 1962) was a German poet, novelist, and painter. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game (also known as Magister Ludi), each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality.
Hermann Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg, Germany. Both of Hesse's parents served in India at a mission under the auspices of the Basel Mission, a Protestant Christian missionary society. Hesse's mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in India in 1842. In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not..." As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents went to India. In her teens she attempted to rebel against her authoritarian father, Hermann Gundert, but finally submitted.
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Karen Armstrong
Karen Armstrong FRSL (born 14 November 1944), is a British author and commentator who is the author of twelve books on comparative religion. A former Roman Catholic nun, she went from a conservative to a more liberal and mystical faith. Armstrong first rose to prominence in 1993 with her book, A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, an international best seller that is now required reading in many theology courses. Her work focuses on commonalities of the major religions, such as the importance, in many, of compassion or "The Golden Rule".
Armstrong received the $100,000 TED Prize in February 2008. She used that occasion to call for the creation of a Charter for Compassion, which was unveiled the following year.
Armstrong was born at Wildmoor, Worcestershire, into a family of Irish extraction who, after her birth, moved to Bromsgrove and later to Birmingham. In 1962, while still in her teens, she became a nun in the Society of the Holy Child Jesus, a teaching order, in which she remained for seven years. Once she had advanced from postulant and novice to professed nun, she enrolled in St Anne's College, Oxford, to study English. Armstrong left her order in 1969 while still a student at Oxford. After graduating with a Congratulatory First, she embarked on a DPhil on the poet Tennyson. According to Armstrong, she wrote her dissertation on a topic that had been approved by the university committee. Nevertheless it was failed by her external examiner on the grounds that the topic had been unsuitable. Armstrong did not formally protest this verdict, nor did she embark upon a new topic but instead abandoned hope of an academic career. She reports that this period in her life was marked by ill-health stemming from her life-long but, at that time, still undiagnosed temporal epilepsy.
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Kaundinya
Kaundinya (Sanskrit: कौण्डिन्य, Kauṇḍinya, Pali: Kondañña) also known as Ajnata Kaundinya (Sanskrit: अज्ञात कौण्डिन्य, Ājñātakauṇḍinya, Pali: Añña Kondañña) was a Buddhist bhikkhu in the sangha of Gautama Buddha and the first to become an arahant. He lived during the 6th century BCE in what is now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India.
Kaundinya was a brahmin who first came to prominence as a youth due to his mastery of the vedas and was later appointed as a royal court scholar of King Suddhodana of the Sakyas in Kapilavastu. There Kaundinya was the only scholar who unequivocally predicted upon the birth of Prince Siddhartha that the prince would become an enlightened Buddha, and vowed to become his disciple. Kaundinya and four colleagues followed Siddhartha in six years of ascetic practice, but abandoned him in disgust after Siddhartha gave up the practice of self mortification. Upon enlightenment, Siddartha gave his first dharma talk to Kaundinya's group. Kaundinya was the first to comprehend the teaching and thus became the first bhikkhu and arahant.
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Khema
Khema was one of the two chief female disciples of Buddha (the other being Uppalavanna).
The name Khema means well-composed and she was quite beautiful. The nun belonged to the royal family of Magadha and was one of the chief queens of King Bimbisara.
She did not want to meet the Buddha as she knew he did not care much about beauty, and she was very self conscious about hers. She heard about the Buddha from her husband who encouraged her to hear his sermons and told her how beautiful Buddha's monastery was. Very interested in seeing beautiful things, decked out in royal splendor, she went to the monastery of Lord Buddha. There Buddha saw her approaching and created an exceptionally beautiful maiden by his side, whose beauty surpassed her own. Khema was captivated, seeing this, Buddha slowly aged the maiden :
Khema was finally willing to listen to Buddha, after his sermons, she attained full enlightenment, she became an arahant. With her husband's permission, she joined the order of nuns.
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Koli people
The Koli people (Sanskrit/Hindi: कोली; Gujarati: કોળી) are historically an Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana areas.
Originally, all Kolis were Hindu. Later, during the Mauryan Empire some Kolis converted to Buddhism, during the Mughal Empire some converted to Islam, and some converted to Christianity under the British Raj.
On demographics, the Encyclopædia Britannica states: "In the early 20st century the Kolis constituted about 20 percent of the population of Gujarat, nearly 10 percent of the population of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, and from 2 to 5 percent of the populations of Bengal and Orissa and Maharashtra."
In 1931, the date of the last census of the British Raj before the abolition of caste, they were distributed throughout North India and Northwest India, mostly in the Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajputana.
The Koliyan republics were established on the opposite banks of the Rohni river. The members of the ruling assembly in these two republics were called rajas and the chief of the rajas was called maharaja.The Koliyans were the khattiyas(Kshatriya) of the Adicca (Iksvaku) clan of the solar dynasty. The mother of Gautam Budh , Mahamaya and Mahapajapati Gotami were the Koliyan princess.
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Mahapajapati Gotami
Mahāpajābatī Gotamī (in Pali; Mahāprajābatī Gautamī in Sanskrit) was the first woman to request ordination from the Buddha and to join the Saṅgha. Mayadevi and Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī were the Koliyan Princess and was sisters of Suprabuddha . She was both the Buddha's maternal aunt and adoptive mother, raising him after her sister, Queen Maya (Mahāmāyā), the Buddha's birth mother, died.
An eminent Therī, Mahāprajāpatī was born at Devadaha, in the family of Suppabuddha, as the younger sister of Mahāmāyā. Mahāprajāpatī was so called because, at her birth, augurs prophesied that she would have a large following. Both sisters married King Śuddhodana, leader of the Śākya. When Mahāmāyā died, seven days after the birth of the Buddha, Pajāpati looked after the Buddha and nursed him. She raised the Buddha and had her own children, Siddhartha's half-brother Nanda and half-sister Sundari Nanda, but it is said that she gave her own children to nurses and herself nursed the Buddha.
When her sister, Queen Maya, died, Mahapajapati Gotami decided to attain Ordination. Mahapajapati Gotami went to the Buddha and asked to be ordained into the Sangha. The Buddha refused and went on to Vesāli. Undaunted, Gotami cut off her hair and donned yellow robes and with a large number of Sakyan ladies followed the Buddha to Vesāli on foot. Upon arrival, she repeated her request to be ordained. Ananda, one of the principal disciples and an attendant of the Buddha, met her and offered to intercede with the Buddha on her behalf.
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Mahākāśyapa
Mahākāśyapa (Sanskrit; Pali: Mahākassapa; Japanese: Maha Kasho or Makakasho) or Kāśyapa was a brahman of Magadha, who became one of the principal disciples of Śākyamuni Buddha and who convened and directed the first council. Mahākāśyapa is one of the most revered of the Buddha's early disciples, foremost in ascetic practices. He is often depicted in statuary together with Ananda, each standing to one side of the Buddha.
Zen purports to lead its adherents to insights akin to that mentioned by Śākyamuni Buddha in his Flower Sermon in which he held up a white flower and just admired it in his hand. Mahākāśyapa smiled faintly, and Śākyamuni Buddha picked that disciple as one who truly understood him and who was worthy to be his successor.
The words of the Śākyamuni Buddha addressed to Mahākāśyapa are described below:
I possess the true Dharma eye, the marvelous mind of Nirvana, the true form of the formless, the subtle dharma gate that does not rest on words or letters but is a special transmission outside of the scriptures. This I entrust to Mahākāśyapa.
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Maudgalyayana
This article incorporates text from the Dictionary of Pali Proper Names by G. P. Malalasekera, a publication now in the public domain.
Maudgalyāyana (Pali: Moggallāna; Chinese: 目連; pinyin: Mùlián; Japanese: 目犍連, Mokuren or Mokkenren), also known as Mahāmaudgalyāyana or Mahāmoggallāna, was one of the Śākyamuni Buddha's closest disciples. A contemporary of famous arhats such as Subhūti, Śāriputra, and Mahākāśyapa, he is considered the second of the Buddha's two foremost disciples (foremost in supernatural powers), together with Śāriputra. He was born in a Brahmin family of Kolita.
Maudgalyāyana was the most accomplished of all the Buddha's disciples in the various supernormal powers that could be developed through meditation. These abilities included being able to use mind-reading for such things as detecting lies from truths, transporting himself from his body into the various realms of existence, and speaking with ghosts and gods. He is traditionally attributed with the ability to do such things as walking through walls, walking on water, flying through the air, and moving with a speed comparable to the speed of light.[citation needed]
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Nagarjuna
Acharya Nāgārjuna (Devanagari:नागार्जुन, Telugu: నాగార్జున, Tibetan: ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ klu sgrub, Chinese: 龍樹, Sinhala නාගර්පුන) (ca. 150–250 CE) was an important Buddhist teacher and philosopher. Along with his disciple Āryadeva, he is credited with founding the Mādhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. The Mādhyamaka school was in turn transmitted to China under the name of the Sānlùn School (Ch. 三論宗, "Three Treatise School").
Nāgārjuna is sometimes credited with developing the philosophy of the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, and being associated with the Buddhist university of Nālandā. In the Jodo Shinshu and Shingon schools of Buddhism in Japan he is considered the First Patriarch. In some Mahāyāna traditions, Nāgārjuna is regarded as a second buddha.
According to most available accounts, Nāgārjuna was originally from Southern India. Archaeological discoveries at Amarāvatī confirm the fact that Nāgārjuna maintained a friendship with the Sātavāhana king Gautamīputra Śātakarṇi, to whom he addressed his Letter to a Friend (Skt. Sahṛd-lekhā). On this basis, Nāgārjuna is conventionally placed at around 150–250 CE.
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Nagasena
Nāgasena was a Brahmin who became a Buddhist sage lived about 150 BCE. His answers to questions about Buddhism posed by Menander I (Pali: Milinda), the Indo-Greek king of northwestern India (now Pakistan), are recorded in the Milinda Pañha.
Sanskrit in origin, Nāga means king cobra, snake, serpent, or dragon, and also can refer to snake-human hybrids, an ancient super-race who were the mythological founders of many Asian countries. Sena means army. Therefore the name can be translated as "Army of Nāga" or "Host of Dragons", signifying a very powerful supernatural presence.
There is almost universal agreement that this text was later expanded by numerous other authors, following the "Question and Answer" pattern established in the early books. The version extant today is very long, and has signs of inconsistent authorship in the later volumes. There is no agreed-upon point at which Nagasena's authorship may be said to end (and the work of other hands begins), nor has this been perceived as an inherently important distinction by monastic scholars.
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Nanda
Nanda (also Nandha and Nandhra) is a surname of Punjabis . Nanda is a Tarkhan (Punjab) and Kamboj surname. All the clans of Tarkhan (Punjab), Lohar, Gujjar, Kamboj tribes have a close genetic and ancestral relationship with each other, and together they form the Khatri caste.
Nanda (and Nandha) is a Kamboj clan name found among the Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus Kamboj of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan .
Some of the Tarkhan people such as Ramgarhias of Mohali, Jallandhar, Amritsar, and Chandigarh have Nanda as their surname.
Nandra is sikh ramgarhia clan
In earlier days the Virdi, Hunjan, Kalsi, Bhogal, Bhuie, Dev, Jandu, Bhambra, Bhurjee, Matharu, Rayat, and Sehmi had a historical connection with Nanda, as mentioned in the Lions of Punjab.
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Nichiren
Nichiren (日蓮) (February 16, 1222 – October 13, 1282) was a Buddhist monk who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333) in Japan. Nichiren taught devotion to the Lotus Sutra, entitled Myōhō-Renge-Kyō in Japanese, as the exclusive means to attain enlightenment and the chanting of Nam-Myōhō-Renge-Kyō as the essential practice of the teaching. Nichiren Buddhism includes various schools with diverging interpretations of Nichiren's teachings. While virtually all Nichiren Buddhist schools regard him as a reincarnation of the Lotus Sutra's Bodhisattva Superior Practices, Jōgyō Bosatsu (上行菩薩), some schools of Nichiren Buddhism's Nikkō lineages regard him as the actual Buddha of this age, or the Buddha of the Latter day of the Law.
Nichiren was born on February 16, 1222 in the village of Kominato, Nagase District, Awa Province (within present-day Chiba Prefecture). Nichiren's father was Mikuni-no-Tayu Shigetada, also known as Nukina Shigetada Jiro (d. 1258) and his mother was Umegiku-nyo (d. 1267). On his birth, his parents named him Zennichimaro (善日麿?) which has variously been translated into English as "Splendid Sun" and "Virtuous Sun Boy" among others. The exact site of Nichiren's birth is believed to be submerged off the shore from present-day Kominato-zan Tanjō-ji (小湊山 誕生寺), a temple in Kominato that commemorates Nichiren's birth. In his own words about his birth, Nichiren stated that he was "the son of a chandala family who lived near the sea in Tojo in Awa Province, in the remote countryside of the eastern part of Japan."
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Nyogen Senzaki
Nyogen Senzaki (千崎 如幻, 1876–1958) was a Rinzai Zen monk who was one of the 20th century's leading proponents of Zen Buddhism in the United States.
Details of Senzaki's early life are unclear. Town records in Fukaura, Aomori state Senzaki was born on October 5, 1876 as the Senzaki family's first son. He was named Aizo Senzaki. As a youth Senzaki's grandmother told him he had been abandoned as an infant and was discovered by a fisherman from Sakhalin island, Siberia who reportedly brought him back to Aomori Prefecture.
His father is unknown, but he was either Russian or Chinese. Aizo's grandmother was perhaps misinformed in her version of events, because some accounts state young Senzaki was adopted by a travelling Kegon Buddhist priest and brought back to Japan.
When Senzaki was five years old his mother died. He was sent to a Pure Land temple run by his grandfather, with whom he began the study of many Chinese classics. The elderly priest had a profound influence on him, which was, as Nyogen Senzaki later wrote, "to live up to the Buddhist ideals outside of name and fame and to avoid as far as possible the world of loss and gain". When Senzaki was 16 his grandfather died, stating to Aizo just before dying:
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Padmasambhava
Padmasambhava Tibetan: པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས།, Wylie: pad+ma 'byung gnas (EWTS), ZYPY: Bämajungnä); Mongolian ловон Бадмажунай, lovon Badmajunai, Chinese: 蓮花生大士 (pinyin: Liánhuāshēng), Means The Lotus-Born, was a sage guru from Oddiyāna who is said to have transmitted Vajrayana Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet and neighboring countries in the 8th century.
In those lands he is better known as Guru Rinpoche ("Precious Guru") or Lopon Rinpoche, or, simply, Padum in Tibet, where followers of the Nyingma school regard him as the second Buddha.
He is further considered an emanation of Buddha Amitabha and traditionally even venerated as "a second Buddha". He was born into a Brahmin family of Northwest India.
Padmasambhava said:
His Pureland Paradise is Zangdok Palri (the Copper-coloured Mountain).
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Punna
Purna Maitrayani-putra, also called Puṇṇa, was an arahant and one of the ten leading disciples of the Buddha.
When asked by the Buddha what he would think if people were to assault or kill him, each time Puṇṇa explained how he would find himself fortunate. As a result, the Buddha commended Puṇṇa on his self-control and peacefulness. Puṇṇa went on to establish a thousand lay followers in the Buddha's teaching. Upon Puṇṇa's death, the Buddha discerned that Puṇṇa had attained final Nibbana.
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Ralph Lilley Turner
Sir Ralph Lilley Turner MC (5 October 1888 – 22 April 1983) was an English Indian languages philologist and university administrator. He is also the author of some publications concerning the Romani language.
Turner was born in Charlton, London. He was educated at the Perse School and Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1913 he joined the Indian Educational Service as a lecturer at Queen's College, Benares. From 1915 to 1919 he served with the 2nd/3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, winning the Military Cross in Palestine. From 1920 to 1922 he was Professor of Indian Linguistics at Benares Hindu University.
In 1922, Turner returned to England as Professor of Sanskrit at the School of Oriental Studies at the University of London. Between 1924 and 1932, he also published several papers on Romani Studies in the Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, including "On the position of Romani in Indo-Aryan" (1927). He was director of the school from 1937 to 1957, although he continued to occupy his chair as well until 1954. He was knighted in 1950. His magnum opus, the Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages was published in 1966.
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Romila Thapar
Romila Thapar (born 1931) is an Indian historian whose principal area of study is ancient India.
After graduating from Panjab University, Thapar earned her doctorate under A. L. Basham at the School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of London in 1958. Later she worked as Professor of Ancient Indian History at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, where she is Professor Emerita.
Thapar's major works are Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History (editor), A History of India Volume One, and Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.
Her historical work portrays the origins of Hinduism as an evolving interplay between social forces. Her recent work on Somnath examines the evolution of the historiographies about the legendary Gujarat temple.
In her first work, Asoka and the Decline of the Maurya published in 1963, Thapar situates Ashoka's policy of dhamma in its social and political context, as a non-sectarian civic ethic intended to hold together an empire of diverse ethnicities and cultures. She attributes the decline of the Mauryan empire to its highly centralized administration which called for rulers of exceptional abilities to function well.
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Rāhula
Rāhula (born c. 534 BC) was the only son of Siddhartha Gautama (Pāli Siddhattha Gotama), later known as the Buddha, and his wife Princess Yasodharā.
Accounts of his life differ in certain points. The following is that given in the Pāli Canon.
Prince Siddhartha was preparing himself to leave the palace. One account claims that when he received the news of his son's birth he replied Rāhu jāto, bandhanam jātam — "A rāhu is born, a fetter has arisen." Accordingly the child was named Rāhula, meaning "fetter", or "impediment", recognizing that the child could be a tie that bound him to his wife Yashodhara, a binding that may impede a search for enlightenment. Others, however, feel rāhu does not mean "fetter" in this sense. The second account, found in the Mūlasarvāstivāda vinaya, is that Rāhula received his name in accordance with an eclipse of the moon, caused by the snake Rahu.
Supporting the first account, in the Dhammapada, the pleasure and joy that a man receives in his wife and children is called a "soft fetter" that ties individuals to life and suffering, not just through eventual loss and separation of loved ones but more deeply and subtly may act as ties to cyclic existence (samsara).
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Sariputta
Śāriputra (Sanskrit: शारिपुत्र) or Sāriputta (Pāli) was one of two chief male disciples of the Buddha along with Maudgalyayana (Pali: Moggallāna), counterparts to the nuns Khema and Uppalavanna, named the two chief female disciples. He became an Arhat "foremost in wisdom" renowned for his teaching and is depicted in the Theravada tradition as one of the most important disciples of the Buddha.
Śāriputra came from a Brahmin family and had already embarked on life as a spiritual ascetic when he encountered the teachings of the Buddha. Śāriputra had a close friend Mahāmaudgalyāyana (Pāli: Mahāmoggallāna), another wandering ascetic. They both renounced the world on the same day and became disciples of the sceptic Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta before converting to Buddhism.
After hearing of the Buddha's teachings from a monk named Assaji (Sanskrit: Asvajit), Śāriputra sought out the Buddha and became an adherent to his teachings. These two are often depicted together with the Buddha, and several sutras regard interactions between Śāriputra and Mahāmaudgalyāyana (who became renowned among the early Buddhists for his mastery of supernatural powers).
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Shakya
Shakya (Sanskrit: Śākya, Devanagari: शाक्य, Pāli: Sākya) was an ancient tribe (janapada) of the Indian Subcontinent in the 1st millennium BCE. In Buddhist texts the Shakyas, the inhabitants of Shakya janapada, are mentioned as a Kshatriya clan of Gotama gotra.
The most famous Shakya was Gautama Buddha, a member of the ruling Gautama clan of Lumbini, who is also known as Shakyamuni Buddha, "sage of the Shakyas", due to his association with this ancient (Kirat) kingdom.
The Puranas mention Shakya as a king of Ikshvaku dynasty, son of Sanjaya and father of Shuddhodana.
The Hindu Puranas mention Shakya as a king of Ikshvaku dynasty, son of Sanjaya and father of Shuddhodana.
The Shakyas are mentioned in the Buddhist texts, which include the Mahāvastu (ca. late 2nd century BCE), Mahāvaṃsa and Sumaṅgalavilāsinī, mostly in the accounts of the birth of the Buddha, as a part of the Adichchabandhus (kinsmen of the sun) or the Ādichchas (solar race) and as descendants of the legendary king Ikṣvāku (Pāli: Okkāka):
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Upali
Upali (Sanskrit उपालि upāli) was a monk, one of the ten chief disciples of the Buddha. Before joining the order, he worked as a barber. He asked the Buddha if a person of "low birth" such as he could join the order. Buddha ordained him before the princes and asked the princes to pay homage to Upali, who by then had become an Arhant with Buddha's sermons while Buddha was getting a hair cut. He became the chief disciple in knowing the rules of the order and the foremost disciple in keeping precepts.
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Uppalavanna
Uppalavannā (蓮華色比丘尼)was considered to be amongst the two chief female disciples of the Buddha, the other being Khema.
She was the daughter of a wealthy merchant and was known for her great beauty. Her name means "one with the hue of the blue lotus".
She was the daughter of a businessman from Savatthi (Shravasti). She was named Uppalavanna because her complexion was that of a blue lotus. She was so beautiful that when she came of age, powerful and wealthy suitors sent messengers to her father asking for her hand. Not wanting to displease so many people, he suggested that she become a bhikkhuni. She agreed and became a nun. She quickly progressed in meditation and became an Arahant (fully liberated).
Buddha declared her to be the foremost in supernormal powers among the nuns.
Samyutta Nikaya V.5, the Uppalavanna Sutta, is attributed to her:
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Vasubandhu
Vasubandhu (Sanskrit: वसुबन्दु; traditional Chinese: 世親; pinyin: Shìqīn; Tibetan: དབྱིག་གཉེན་, Wylie: dbyig gnyen) (fl. 4th c.) was an Indian Buddhist monk, and along with his half-brother Asanga, one of the main founders of the Indian Yogācāra school. However, some scholars consider Vasubandhu to be two distinct people. Vasubandhu is one of the most influential figures in the entire history of Buddhism. In the Jodo Shinshu branch of Buddhism, he is considered the Second Patriarch. In Zen, he is the 21st Patriarch.
Born a brahmin Vasubandhu was said to have been the half brother of Asanga, another key personage in the founding of the Yogacara School. He was also, as well as his elder half brother Asanga, one of the ‘Six Ornaments’(i.e. six great commentators on the Buddha’s teachings). He resided at Kausambhi (near modern Allahabad) where he was trained in the orthodox Sarvastivada Order of Buddhism, which had its seat at Kausambhi. He was contemporaneous with King Chandragupta I, the father of Samudragupta. This information temporally places this Vasubandhu in the fourth century CE.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Yasa
Yasa was a bhikkhu during the time of Gautama Buddha. He was the sixth bhikkhu in the Buddha’s sangha and was the sixth to achieve arahanthood. Yasa lived in the 6th century BCE in what is now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in northern India.
Yasa was raised in Varanasi in a life of luxury. His father was a millionaire. The family home was full of servants, musicians and dancers who catered for the family’s needs and entertainment. One day, when he had become a young man, Yasa awoke early and saw his female servants and entertainers asleep in a repulsive state. Disgusted by the spectacle, Yasa realised the vanity of worldly life, and left the family home muttering “Distressed am I, oppressed am I” and journeyed in the direction of Isipatana where the Buddha was temporarily residing after his first five bhikkhus had attained arahantship. This was five days after all of the first five bhikkhus had attained arahantship.
The Buddha was pacing up and down in an open space near where Yasa was muttering “Distressed am I, oppressed am I”, and called Yasa over to him, inviting him to sit down. Yasa took off his golden sandals, saluted and sat down. The Buddha gave a dharma discourse, and Yasa achieved the first stage of arahanthood, sotapanna.
wn.com/Yasa -
Śuddhodana
King Suddhodana (Sanskrit: Śuddhodana) was the father of Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha. He was a leader of the Shakya people, who lived in northern India and southern Nepal. Suddhodana's father was Sihahanu. Suddhodana won a battle against his father, thus gaining permission to marry the two sisters of his cousin, Suprabuddha, of the Koliya clan. Suprabuddha in turn married Suddhodana's two sisters. Siddhartha, later Buddha, in turn married his cousin, Yasodhara, daughter of Suprabuddha and his father's sister. Suddhodana's consorts, Mayadevi and Mahaprajapati of Devadaha Kingdom located in southern Nepal and northern India on the bank of the river Anoma, were in turn Buddha's mother, and step-mother.
The sage Asita visited Siddhartha when he was just a baby, and was surprised when the infant prince placed his feet on top of the sage's head. After Asita examined the prince’s feet, he kneeled and paid homage to the infant. King Suddhodana copied his action and said, “Son, this is my first act of obeisance.”. Siddhartha later received his name from the Five Forest Brahmana, Kaundinya, Mahaanaama, Baspa, Asvajita, and Bharika, who later became Buddha's companions during his ascetic practices, and his first five followers after his enlightenment at Bodh Gaaya and his first sermon (Dharmacakraptavatana sutra - Turning of the Wheel of Law) at Sraavastii.
wn.com/Śuddhodana
Buddha Filmography
Buddha Filmography
Buddha Filmography
Trouble travels fast
When your specially designed for crash testin'
Wearin' wool sunglasses in the afternoon
C'mon, tell us what you're trying to prove
It's a battle when you dabble in war
You stole it up,
Unleash it,
Then piece it together
Whether storm drain random, stamp it,
Send it to somebody pretendin to care
Just cash in your blanks
For little toy tanks
Learn how to use them and abuse them
and choose them over
Conversations, relationships,are overrated
i hated everyone said the sun
so will cook all your books
your too good lookin and mistooken
you could watch it instead from the comfort
of your burning beds
well you could sleep through the static
(chorus)
Well who needs sleep when we got love
and who needs keys when we've got clubs
and who needs police when we've got guns
we've gone beyond where we should've gone above
but beyond where we've should've gone
we went beyond where we should've gone
Stuck between channels my thoughts all quit
i Thought about them too much
allowed them to touch
the feelings of rain down on the planes
all dried and cracked
waiting for things that never came
well such a shocking thing to make somebody think
they have to choose pushin for peace
suportin the troops
and either your weak
or you use brute force feed
truth is say not as we do
ya say anytime, anywhere
just show your teeth
and strike a fear
God wears camouflage
cries at night
and drives a dodge, pick up
the beat, stop hoggin the feast
thats no way to treat an enemy
Mighty, mighty appetite
we'll just em up
and keep on drivin'
freedom can't be freezed
take a picture from the pretty side
min d your manner
wave your banners
what a wonderful world this angle can see
(chorus)
Oh Jesus i love you and i love Buddha too
Why do people say
that there is just one way one to love you
God i come to you
we are all apart of you
is the universe your thought
you are and you are not
you are all and you are non
every end or just begun
Alright x3
Happy birthday, Buddha
Happy hunting, happy hiding, happy New Year
I hope you get yourself together
I hope your absence is made clear
I first learned
There was a value in a little subterfuge
From some old peeping Tom or another woman's refuge
Came in contact with a Svengali
He was housebound and unwell
Choked on a whale bone in a Cantonese restaurant
His nervous system had broken down
Happy birthday buddha
Happy hunting, happy hiding, happy new year
I hope you get yourself together
I hope your absence is made clear
I first learned, their was a value
In a little subterfuge
From some old peeping tom
Or another woman's refuge
Came in contact with a svengali
He was housebound and unwell
Choked on a whale bone in a cantonese restaurant
His nervous system
Had broken down
9 singing buddhas
Matching books:
\u4f5b\u8aaa\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7d93
Famous quotes by Buddha:
"We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves."
"To understand everything is to forgive everything"
"Those who are free of resentful thoughts surely find peace."
"Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth."
"You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection."
"The mind is everything. What you think you become."
"You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger."
"Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by being shared."
"Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without."
"All that we are is the result of what we have thought. The mind is everything. What we think we become."
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Buddha - A Documentary About Buddhism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:34
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
This documentary is made by filmmaker David Grubin and narrated by Richard Gere. It tells the story of the Buddha's life, a journey especially relevant to our own bewildering times of violent change and spiritual confusion. It features the work of some of the world's greatest artists and sculptors, who across two millennia, have depicted the Buddha's life in art rich in beauty and complexity. Hear insights into the ancient narrative by contemporary Buddhists, including Pulitzer Prize winning poet WS Merwin and His Holiness the Dalai Lama. This documantary is brought to you by www.comethailand.com.
http://wn.com/Buddha_A_Documentary_About_Buddhism
This documentary is made by filmmaker David Grubin and narrated by Richard Gere. It tells the story of the Buddha's life, a journey especially relevant to our own bewildering times of violent change and spiritual confusion. It features the work of some of the world's greatest artists and sculptors, who across two millennia, have depicted the Buddha's life in art rich in beauty and complexity. Hear insights into the ancient narrative by contemporary Buddhists, including Pulitzer Prize winning poet WS Merwin and His Holiness the Dalai Lama. This documantary is brought to you by www.comethailand.com.
The Life of Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:57
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/The_Life_of_Buddha
The Life Of The Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 49:57
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/The_Life_Of_The_Buddha
Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
This is my first music vid done for the Video-grapghy class at New College of California
http://wn.com/Buddha
This is my first music vid done for the Video-grapghy class at New College of California
- published: 11 Oct 2006
- views: 528336
- author: subarna43
Buddha Bar VIII [full album-64min]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 66:12
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Tracklist & More Albums: ChilloutSounds.blogspot.com Facebook Page www.facebook.com Buddha Bar 8
http://wn.com/Buddha_Bar_VIII_full_album-64min_
Tracklist & More Albums: ChilloutSounds.blogspot.com Facebook Page www.facebook.com Buddha Bar 8
- published: 27 Dec 2011
- views: 2504855
- author: xagio4
The Buddha Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
A trailer I made depicting Siddhartha becoming the Buddha. I used three different movies for this trailer. This would make an epic feature film for sure... The movies are: Little Buddha, King Arthur, and The Last Samurai. Music used: Protectors of Light - Future World Music Liberation! - Immediate Music.
http://wn.com/The_Buddha_Movie_Trailer
A trailer I made depicting Siddhartha becoming the Buddha. I used three different movies for this trailer. This would make an epic feature film for sure... The movies are: Little Buddha, King Arthur, and The Last Samurai. Music used: Protectors of Light - Future World Music Liberation! - Immediate Music.
- published: 28 Nov 2009
- views: 222514
- author: TubeMastah
Medicine Buddha Mantra HD (with words)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
To eliminate not only pain of diseases but also help in overcoming the major inner sickness of attachment, hatred, jealousy, desire, greed and ignorance. Mantra chanted by Khenpo Pema Chopel Rinpoche from the CD 'The Blessing from HH Penor Rinpoche for World Peace'. Visit: saidivineinspirations.blogspot.com or www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Medicine_Buddha_Mantra_HD_with_words
To eliminate not only pain of diseases but also help in overcoming the major inner sickness of attachment, hatred, jealousy, desire, greed and ignorance. Mantra chanted by Khenpo Pema Chopel Rinpoche from the CD 'The Blessing from HH Penor Rinpoche for World Peace'. Visit: saidivineinspirations.blogspot.com or www.facebook.com
- published: 02 Oct 2009
- views: 166749
- author: adeline108
Jack Johnson - Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Check out the official music video for Jack Johnsons "Buddha" from the Sleep Through the Static (2007). For more, please visit: jackjohnsonmusic.com
http://wn.com/Jack_Johnson_Buddha
Check out the official music video for Jack Johnsons "Buddha" from the Sleep Through the Static (2007). For more, please visit: jackjohnsonmusic.com
- published: 21 Apr 2010
- views: 1060449
- author: jackjohnsonmusic
The Three Jewels of Buddhism- Buddham Sharanam Gacchami Hymn
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:29
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
I have created a video with Buddham Sharanam Gacchami Hymn Sung by Hariharan along with some beautiful Quotes of Buddha ! It is a continous peaceful hymn. Hope u will like it. Click here to download the video: www.mediafire.com Click here to download the mp3: www.mediafire.com Be happY! Peace... Siddhartha Chabukswar :)
http://wn.com/The_Three_Jewels_of_Buddhism_Buddham_Sharanam_Gacchami_Hymn
I have created a video with Buddham Sharanam Gacchami Hymn Sung by Hariharan along with some beautiful Quotes of Buddha ! It is a continous peaceful hymn. Hope u will like it. Click here to download the video: www.mediafire.com Click here to download the mp3: www.mediafire.com Be happY! Peace... Siddhartha Chabukswar :)
- published: 26 Feb 2009
- views: 100340
- author: Siddhartha Chabukswar
Avalokiteshwara Performance - Buddha of Compassion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:29
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Watch in High Quality !!! Buddha Avalokiteshwara with Thousand arms, from the China Disabled Peoples Performance Art Troupe. They are all deaf and mute. The amazing leading dancer is Tai Lihua , who is a dance teacher at a deaf-mute school in Hubei, China. Through this amazing dance, these disabled performers demonstrated their passion, love and divine grace. Live on German Television - 29.03.2008
http://wn.com/Avalokiteshwara_Performance_Buddha_of_Compassion
Watch in High Quality !!! Buddha Avalokiteshwara with Thousand arms, from the China Disabled Peoples Performance Art Troupe. They are all deaf and mute. The amazing leading dancer is Tai Lihua , who is a dance teacher at a deaf-mute school in Hubei, China. Through this amazing dance, these disabled performers demonstrated their passion, love and divine grace. Live on German Television - 29.03.2008
- published: 24 Mar 2009
- views: 109260
- author: Om Tapas
Buddha Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Buddha Song
http://wn.com/Buddha_Song
YAMA BUDDHA- SAATHI [OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Yama Buddha's "Ekadesh" on Itunes tinyurl.com Official Website: www.yamabuddha.com www.facebook.com Instrumental Link: www.shadowville.com Free Song Download: www.reverbnation.com
http://wn.com/YAMA_BUDDHA_SAATHI_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO_
Yama Buddha's "Ekadesh" on Itunes tinyurl.com Official Website: www.yamabuddha.com www.facebook.com Instrumental Link: www.shadowville.com Free Song Download: www.reverbnation.com
- published: 26 Nov 2011
- views: 340830
- author: Yama Buddha
Documentary About Buddha Boy (2 of 5) Ram Bahadur Bamjan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
Part 2 of 5 of a documentary about Ram Bahadur Bamjan ("Buddha Boy") who has been meditating for 3 years without food or water. Ram Bahadur Bamjan is known by many as a reincarnation of Buddha.
http://wn.com/Documentary_About_Buddha_Boy_2_of_5_Ram_Bahadur_Bamjan
Part 2 of 5 of a documentary about Ram Bahadur Bamjan ("Buddha Boy") who has been meditating for 3 years without food or water. Ram Bahadur Bamjan is known by many as a reincarnation of Buddha.
- published: 18 Nov 2008
- views: 241715
- author: BuddhaBoyVideos
Laughing Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Satsang with Mooji, 11th Feb 2009, Tiruvannamalai (India) Subtitles: Portuguese Chinese - Xiào fú 笑佛
http://wn.com/Laughing_Buddha
Satsang with Mooji, 11th Feb 2009, Tiruvannamalai (India) Subtitles: Portuguese Chinese - Xiào fú 笑佛
- published: 02 Mar 2009
- views: 277684
- author: moojitube
Documentary About Buddha Boy (4 of 5) Ram Bahadur Bamjan - Prahlad Jani
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Updated: 18 Sep 2012
Part 4 of 5 of a documentary about Ram Bahadur Bamjan ("Buddha Boy") who has been meditating for 3 years without food or water. Ram Bahadur Bamjan is known by many as a reincarnation of Buddha.
http://wn.com/Documentary_About_Buddha_Boy_4_of_5_Ram_Bahadur_Bamjan_Prahlad_Jani
Part 4 of 5 of a documentary about Ram Bahadur Bamjan ("Buddha Boy") who has been meditating for 3 years without food or water. Ram Bahadur Bamjan is known by many as a reincarnation of Buddha.
- published: 18 Nov 2008
- views: 249311
- author: BuddhaBoyVideos
The Life of Buddha: (BBC): 1/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
www.zigguraths.com Videos about ancient civilizations and more.Ziggu Feel free! And welcome ----------------------------- Over 2500 years ago, one man showed the world a way to enlightenment. This beautifully produced Buddhist film meticulously reveals the fascinating story of Prince Siddhartha and the spiritual transformation that turned him into the Buddha diergeneesmiddelen.net Alles voor uw huisdieren. http Verras uw dierbare of geliefde met een ruiker bloemen.
http://wn.com/The_Life_of_Buddha_BBC_1_5
www.zigguraths.com Videos about ancient civilizations and more.Ziggu Feel free! And welcome ----------------------------- Over 2500 years ago, one man showed the world a way to enlightenment. This beautifully produced Buddhist film meticulously reveals the fascinating story of Prince Siddhartha and the spiritual transformation that turned him into the Buddha diergeneesmiddelen.net Alles voor uw huisdieren. http Verras uw dierbare of geliefde met een ruiker bloemen.
- published: 09 Jan 2010
- views: 161749
- author: Ziggurathss
Medicine Buddha Mantra (with words)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:30
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
Tibetan Buddhist Mantra - To eliminate not only pain of diseases but also help in overcoming the major inner sickness of attachment, hatred, jealousy, desire, greed and ignorance. Mantra chanted by Khenpo Pema Chopel Rinpoche from the CD 'The Blessing from HH Penor Rinpoche for World Peace'. Visit: saidivineinspirations.blogspot.com or www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Medicine_Buddha_Mantra_with_words
Tibetan Buddhist Mantra - To eliminate not only pain of diseases but also help in overcoming the major inner sickness of attachment, hatred, jealousy, desire, greed and ignorance. Mantra chanted by Khenpo Pema Chopel Rinpoche from the CD 'The Blessing from HH Penor Rinpoche for World Peace'. Visit: saidivineinspirations.blogspot.com or www.facebook.com
- published: 15 Jan 2008
- views: 1795138
- author: adeline108
Buddha Bar ✥ Secret. Voices ✥ Morfou 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:02
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
Buddha Bar is the Most Relaxing Music Ever! SIT BACK AND ENJOY MY NEW - SECRET VOICES Thanks for listening,and hope you like that. ______ MORFOU _____ 2011 ______
http://wn.com/Buddha_Bar_✥_Secret_Voices_✥_Morfou_2011
Buddha Bar is the Most Relaxing Music Ever! SIT BACK AND ENJOY MY NEW - SECRET VOICES Thanks for listening,and hope you like that. ______ MORFOU _____ 2011 ______
- published: 03 Oct 2011
- views: 721353
- author: morfou1
Little Buddha Part 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:13
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
little buddha
http://wn.com/Little_Buddha_Part_5
Prajna Ana - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 82:08
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Prajna Ana lives in Asheville, North Carolina. Although she does not prescribe to any dogma or religious structure, she honors the timeless wisdom within them all. It is from this space of openness where she invites you to un-know and discover the truth for yourself. Prajna is author of Dying Into This and founder of Lamp of the Heart. About Dying Into This We have reached a critical stage in our evolution. What is being asked of us now is to relate to each other from a higher state of consciousness, one born of love and compassion. Dying Into This offers a very practical, accessible message of transformation through love. Written outside of the confines of any religion, order, or philosophy, its clear message simply helps the reader to recognize their innate wisdom. The book supports and cultivates the goodness of each individual by reminding them of their true heart, thereby restoring a deep connection to all of life. Only once we each get in touch with that can any real, positive change happen. "It is undeniable how connected we all are -- to God, to self, and to each other. Once this is seen, we move from love -- and that is how we will transform the world -- one heart at a time.' -- Prajna Ana Interview recorded 12/29/2012
http://wn.com/Prajna_Ana_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Prajna Ana lives in Asheville, North Carolina. Although she does not prescribe to any dogma or religious structure, she honors the timeless wisdom within them all. It is from this space of openness where she invites you to un-know and discover the truth for yourself. Prajna is author of Dying Into This and founder of Lamp of the Heart. About Dying Into This We have reached a critical stage in our evolution. What is being asked of us now is to relate to each other from a higher state of consciousness, one born of love and compassion. Dying Into This offers a very practical, accessible message of transformation through love. Written outside of the confines of any religion, order, or philosophy, its clear message simply helps the reader to recognize their innate wisdom. The book supports and cultivates the goodness of each individual by reminding them of their true heart, thereby restoring a deep connection to all of life. Only once we each get in touch with that can any real, positive change happen. "It is undeniable how connected we all are -- to God, to self, and to each other. Once this is seen, we move from love -- and that is how we will transform the world -- one heart at a time.' -- Prajna Ana Interview recorded 12/29/2012
- published: 19 Jan 2013
- views: 1674
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Buddha Bar Ocean - Wonder of the Storm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Buddha Bar Ocean - Wonder of the Storm
http://wn.com/Buddha_Bar_Ocean_Wonder_of_the_Storm
Buddha Bar Ocean - Wonder of the Storm
- published: 02 Sep 2008
- views: 955778
- author: PositiveChillout
The Life of Buddha: (BBC): 4/5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Over 2500 years ago, one man showed the world a way to enlightenment. This beautifully produced Buddhist film meticulously reveals the fascinating story of Prince Siddhartha and the spiritual transformation that turned him into the Buddha
http://wn.com/The_Life_of_Buddha_BBC_4_5
Over 2500 years ago, one man showed the world a way to enlightenment. This beautifully produced Buddhist film meticulously reveals the fascinating story of Prince Siddhartha and the spiritual transformation that turned him into the Buddha
- published: 10 Jan 2010
- views: 63102
- author: Ziggurathss
Buddha Bar I Feel You Schiller
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Vol. 8 Disc 2
http://wn.com/Buddha_Bar_I_Feel_You_Schiller
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How did Gautama Buddha reach Enlightenment (Nirvana)?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:43
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Born in Lumbini, Nepal, Siddhartha was destined to a luxurious life as a prince, had three palaces especially built for him. Siddhartha escaped his palace, accompanied by Channa aboard his horse Kanthaka, leaving behind this royal life to become a mendicant. Sitting under a banyan tree, now known as the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya (Bihar, India), he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. After 49 days meditating, at the age of 35, he attained Enlightenment (Nirvana). Gautama, from then on, was known as the Buddha or "Awakened One." Buddha is also sometimes translated as "The Enlightened One." Often, he is referred to in Buddhism as Shakyamuni Buddha or "The Awakened One of the Shakya Clan." Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranic texts of Hinduism. In the Bhagavata Purana he is twenty fourth of twenty five avatars, prefiguring a forthcoming final incarnation. A number of Hindu traditions portray Buddha as the most recent of ten principal avatars, known as the "Dasavatara" (Ten Incarnations of God). The Buddhist Dasharatha Jataka (Jataka Atthakatha) represents Rama as a previous incarnation of the Buddha as a Bodhisattva and Supreme Dharma King of great wisdom.
http://wn.com/How_did_Gautama_Buddha_reach_Enlightenment_Nirvana?
Born in Lumbini, Nepal, Siddhartha was destined to a luxurious life as a prince, had three palaces especially built for him. Siddhartha escaped his palace, accompanied by Channa aboard his horse Kanthaka, leaving behind this royal life to become a mendicant. Sitting under a banyan tree, now known as the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya (Bihar, India), he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. After 49 days meditating, at the age of 35, he attained Enlightenment (Nirvana). Gautama, from then on, was known as the Buddha or "Awakened One." Buddha is also sometimes translated as "The Enlightened One." Often, he is referred to in Buddhism as Shakyamuni Buddha or "The Awakened One of the Shakya Clan." Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranic texts of Hinduism. In the Bhagavata Purana he is twenty fourth of twenty five avatars, prefiguring a forthcoming final incarnation. A number of Hindu traditions portray Buddha as the most recent of ten principal avatars, known as the "Dasavatara" (Ten Incarnations of God). The Buddhist Dasharatha Jataka (Jataka Atthakatha) represents Rama as a previous incarnation of the Buddha as a Bodhisattva and Supreme Dharma King of great wisdom.
- published: 05 Mar 2008
- views: 286987
- author: me2super
Gautama Buddha - Hindi (2007) Full Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 128:14
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Gautama_Buddha_Hindi_2007_Full_Movie
THE ENLIGHTENED ONE: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
The Enlightened One: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Edited by: Jendhamuni A dedication to the Lord Sakyamuni Buddha on Makha Puja Day Song Title: Dawn by: Tomas Walker
http://wn.com/THE_ENLIGHTENED_ONE_Siddhartha_Gautama_Buddha
The Enlightened One: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Edited by: Jendhamuni A dedication to the Lord Sakyamuni Buddha on Makha Puja Day Song Title: Dawn by: Tomas Walker
- published: 21 Feb 2008
- views: 131187
- author: Jendhamuni Sos
Gautama Buddha Meditation - Musical Meditation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Musical meditation on the Buddha and the beauty of nature. Enjoy the mountains, the flowers and the streams of of Montana. Sing along and celebrate the presence of the Buddha.
http://wn.com/Gautama_Buddha_Meditation_Musical_Meditation
Musical meditation on the Buddha and the beauty of nature. Enjoy the mountains, the flowers and the streams of of Montana. Sing along and celebrate the presence of the Buddha.
- published: 31 Mar 2009
- views: 30225
- author: thesummitlighthouse
Dhamma Chakka Sutta-The first sermon of Gautama Buddha ( part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
This is the first ever sermon of Gautama Buddha.It is delivered to the five Bikkus(monks) who helped him while he was practicing Attakilamatanu yoga(process that hurting oneself). This is where Dhamma and Sangha appeared to the world for the first time. This is where Buddha turned the wheel of Dhamma for the benefit of Gods and Men.
http://wn.com/Dhamma_Chakka_Sutta-The_first_sermon_of_Gautama_Buddha_part_1
This is the first ever sermon of Gautama Buddha.It is delivered to the five Bikkus(monks) who helped him while he was practicing Attakilamatanu yoga(process that hurting oneself). This is where Dhamma and Sangha appeared to the world for the first time. This is where Buddha turned the wheel of Dhamma for the benefit of Gods and Men.
- published: 16 Sep 2009
- views: 15539
- author: Sen Kollura
Gautam buddha movie "little buddha" part1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:06
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Gautam_buddha_movie_little_buddha_part1
Gangaji - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 63:23
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Gangaji shares a simple message-This is an invitation to shift your allegiance from the activities of your mind to the eternal presence of your being. Born in Texas in 1942, Gangaji grew up in Mississippi. After graduating from the University of Mississippi in 1964, she married and had a daughter. In 1972, she moved to San Francisco where she began exploring deeper levels of her being. She took Bodhisattva vows, practiced Zen and Vipassana meditation, helped run a Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Center, and had a career as an acupuncturist in the San Francisco Bay area. Despite her successes, Gangaji continued to experience a deep and persistent longing for fulfillment. She pursued many paths to change her life including relationship, motherhood, political activism, career, and spiritual practice, but even the greatest of her successes ultimately came up short. In the wake of her disillusionment, she made a final prayer for true help. In 1990, the answer to her prayer came unexpectedly, taking her to India and to the meeting that would change everything. There on the banks of the river Ganga, she met Sri HWL Poonja, also known as Papaji, who opened the floodgates of self-recognition. In this meeting, Gangaji's personal story of suffering ended and the promise of a true life began to flower and unfold. Today, Gangaji travels the world speaking to seekers from all walks of life. A teacher and author, she shares her direct experience of the essential message ...
http://wn.com/Gangaji_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Gangaji shares a simple message-This is an invitation to shift your allegiance from the activities of your mind to the eternal presence of your being. Born in Texas in 1942, Gangaji grew up in Mississippi. After graduating from the University of Mississippi in 1964, she married and had a daughter. In 1972, she moved to San Francisco where she began exploring deeper levels of her being. She took Bodhisattva vows, practiced Zen and Vipassana meditation, helped run a Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Center, and had a career as an acupuncturist in the San Francisco Bay area. Despite her successes, Gangaji continued to experience a deep and persistent longing for fulfillment. She pursued many paths to change her life including relationship, motherhood, political activism, career, and spiritual practice, but even the greatest of her successes ultimately came up short. In the wake of her disillusionment, she made a final prayer for true help. In 1990, the answer to her prayer came unexpectedly, taking her to India and to the meeting that would change everything. There on the banks of the river Ganga, she met Sri HWL Poonja, also known as Papaji, who opened the floodgates of self-recognition. In this meeting, Gangaji's personal story of suffering ended and the promise of a true life began to flower and unfold. Today, Gangaji travels the world speaking to seekers from all walks of life. A teacher and author, she shares her direct experience of the essential message ...
- published: 20 Oct 2011
- views: 23655
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Inelia Benz - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 81:41
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com My full name is Inelia del Pilar Ahumada Avila, and I'm also known as Inelia Benz. I am here, as millions of others are, to raise the level of vibration of the planet. This has involved assisting lightworkers and lightwarriors in their path as well as exploring and investigating what the "dark side" is doing on the planet. I have also been developing and investigating tools and practices which are quick and effective in the raising of awareness and vibration of individuals and the planet. The journey was not without its mistakes, dangers and injuries, but has been worth it. On January 2010, I received a request from "Source" to go public, which I have done. The first thing I did was to establish an information source at www.ascension101.com. This assignment has been growing steadily and at the same time, my "behind the scenes" work with other lightworkers and public figures continues. Inelia's books: Interview With an Alien, The 13th Mage, Personal And Global Ascension 2012: Volume One Interview recorded 10/30/2011
http://wn.com/Inelia_Benz_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com My full name is Inelia del Pilar Ahumada Avila, and I'm also known as Inelia Benz. I am here, as millions of others are, to raise the level of vibration of the planet. This has involved assisting lightworkers and lightwarriors in their path as well as exploring and investigating what the "dark side" is doing on the planet. I have also been developing and investigating tools and practices which are quick and effective in the raising of awareness and vibration of individuals and the planet. The journey was not without its mistakes, dangers and injuries, but has been worth it. On January 2010, I received a request from "Source" to go public, which I have done. The first thing I did was to establish an information source at www.ascension101.com. This assignment has been growing steadily and at the same time, my "behind the scenes" work with other lightworkers and public figures continues. Inelia's books: Interview With an Alien, The 13th Mage, Personal And Global Ascension 2012: Volume One Interview recorded 10/30/2011
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 51825
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Lisa Cairns - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 100:13
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Lisa started spiritually seeking in her early 20's. She had her first awakening in 2005 after attending a talk given by Tony Parsons. After this, she spent some time in India with Ramesh Balsekar. It was there that she met her final teacher, Roger Castillo, who was also a student of Ramesh. She lived with him for three years in Australia during which time many falsehoods were seen through. In the beginning of 2011, Lisa's awakening stabilized and the seeker fell away. Lisa now enjoys communicating the nature of Happiness to anyone desperate enough to know the truth. Interview recorded 1/7/2012
http://wn.com/Lisa_Cairns_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Lisa started spiritually seeking in her early 20's. She had her first awakening in 2005 after attending a talk given by Tony Parsons. After this, she spent some time in India with Ramesh Balsekar. It was there that she met her final teacher, Roger Castillo, who was also a student of Ramesh. She lived with him for three years in Australia during which time many falsehoods were seen through. In the beginning of 2011, Lisa's awakening stabilized and the seeker fell away. Lisa now enjoys communicating the nature of Happiness to anyone desperate enough to know the truth. Interview recorded 1/7/2012
- published: 20 Jan 2012
- views: 12853
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Benjamin Smythe - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 117:14
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com I thought I knew something. It turns out I didn't. My heart explodes into pieces and they rain down everywhere I look. It doesn't feel as new agey as it sounds, and that ends up being such an incredible delight. Nothing spiritual I have ever encountered has anything to do with the simple Wow I am talking about. It is this Mystery. Wow! Benjamin's site: benjamintsmythe.com Interview recorded 3/31/2012
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Smythe_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com I thought I knew something. It turns out I didn't. My heart explodes into pieces and they rain down everywhere I look. It doesn't feel as new agey as it sounds, and that ends up being such an incredible delight. Nothing spiritual I have ever encountered has anything to do with the simple Wow I am talking about. It is this Mystery. Wow! Benjamin's site: benjamintsmythe.com Interview recorded 3/31/2012
- published: 03 Apr 2012
- views: 11282
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Rick Archer Interviewed by Richard Miller - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 79:23
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com I'm the Chief Cook and Bottle Washer at Buddha at the Gas Pump. Richard Miller hosts a similar interview show called Never Not Here. Somehow we connected and he asked to interview me, not necessarily as an awakened being or teacher, but as a fellow spiritual aspirant. In the summer of 1967, when I was 17 years old, I was driving through Westport, CT with three friends in the car. One of them in the back seat was reading from a commentary on the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert. A quiet but memorable realization dawned in me that there was such a thing as "enlightenment" and that realizing it was life's ultimate goal. I rather recklessly explored that possibility through drugs for a year, then saw the futility of that approach and learned Transcendental Meditation. I taught TM for 25 years and still meditate regularly, but am not affiliated with any particular spiritual organization. I respect any of them which seem to offer genuine benefits to their participants. Interview recorded 6/5/2010.
http://wn.com/Rick_Archer_Interviewed_by_Richard_Miller_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com I'm the Chief Cook and Bottle Washer at Buddha at the Gas Pump. Richard Miller hosts a similar interview show called Never Not Here. Somehow we connected and he asked to interview me, not necessarily as an awakened being or teacher, but as a fellow spiritual aspirant. In the summer of 1967, when I was 17 years old, I was driving through Westport, CT with three friends in the car. One of them in the back seat was reading from a commentary on the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert. A quiet but memorable realization dawned in me that there was such a thing as "enlightenment" and that realizing it was life's ultimate goal. I rather recklessly explored that possibility through drugs for a year, then saw the futility of that approach and learned Transcendental Meditation. I taught TM for 25 years and still meditate regularly, but am not affiliated with any particular spiritual organization. I respect any of them which seem to offer genuine benefits to their participants. Interview recorded 6/5/2010.
- published: 01 Jan 2011
- views: 3140
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Rupert Spira - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 111:29
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
From an early age Rupert Spira was deeply interested in the nature of reality. For twenty years he studied the teachings of PDOuspensky, J.Krishnamurti, Rumi, Shankaracharya, Ramana Maharshi, Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj and Robert Adams, until he met his teacher, Francis Lucille, in 1996. Francis introduced Rupert to the teachings of Jean Klein and Atmanada Krishnamenon and, more importantly, directly indicated to him the true nature of experience. His two books, The Transparency of Things, (sub-titled Contemplating the Nature of Experience), and Presence, in two volumes (The Art of Peace and Happiness and The Intimacy of All Experience), are a profound exploration of the non-dual nature of experience. Rupert lives in UK and holds regular meetings and retreats in Europe and USA. For all further information see www.rupertspira.com. Interview recorded 11
http://wn.com/Rupert_Spira_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
From an early age Rupert Spira was deeply interested in the nature of reality. For twenty years he studied the teachings of PDOuspensky, J.Krishnamurti, Rumi, Shankaracharya, Ramana Maharshi, Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj and Robert Adams, until he met his teacher, Francis Lucille, in 1996. Francis introduced Rupert to the teachings of Jean Klein and Atmanada Krishnamenon and, more importantly, directly indicated to him the true nature of experience. His two books, The Transparency of Things, (sub-titled Contemplating the Nature of Experience), and Presence, in two volumes (The Art of Peace and Happiness and The Intimacy of All Experience), are a profound exploration of the non-dual nature of experience. Rupert lives in UK and holds regular meetings and retreats in Europe and USA. For all further information see www.rupertspira.com. Interview recorded 11
- published: 09 Nov 2011
- views: 14394
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Gautam Buddha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Maharashtra State Board Standard 9 - History English Medium
http://wn.com/Gautam_Buddha
Maharashtra State Board Standard 9 - History English Medium
- published: 10 Jan 2011
- views: 13968
- author: esenseindia
Tony Parsons - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:59
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Open Secret message is totally radical and uncompromising. It is a rare and singular expression of absolute non-dualism. It bypasses the mind and speaks directly to the very core of a wisdom that is imminent in all of us. When there is a readiness to hear, all seeking and need for personal endeavor falls away, leaving simply the wonder of what is. There is no me or you, no seeker, no enlightenment, no disciple and no guru. There is no better or worse, no path, and nothing that has to be achieved. All appearance is source. All that apparently manifests -- the world, the life story, the hypnotic dream of separation, the search for home -- is the one appearing as two, the nothing appearing as everything, the absolute appearing as the particular. There is no separate intelligence weaving a destiny, and no choice functioning at any level. Nothing is happening, but this, as it is, invites the apparent seeker to rediscover that which already is...the abiding, uncaused, unchanging, impersonal silence from which unconditional love overflows and celebrates. It is the wonderful mystery. Tony Parsons has been sharing this "open secret" with people for over thirty years. His talks and workshops are highly regarded in England, Western Europe and, more recently, North America. Interview recorded 2/2/2012
http://wn.com/Tony_Parsons_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Open Secret message is totally radical and uncompromising. It is a rare and singular expression of absolute non-dualism. It bypasses the mind and speaks directly to the very core of a wisdom that is imminent in all of us. When there is a readiness to hear, all seeking and need for personal endeavor falls away, leaving simply the wonder of what is. There is no me or you, no seeker, no enlightenment, no disciple and no guru. There is no better or worse, no path, and nothing that has to be achieved. All appearance is source. All that apparently manifests -- the world, the life story, the hypnotic dream of separation, the search for home -- is the one appearing as two, the nothing appearing as everything, the absolute appearing as the particular. There is no separate intelligence weaving a destiny, and no choice functioning at any level. Nothing is happening, but this, as it is, invites the apparent seeker to rediscover that which already is...the abiding, uncaused, unchanging, impersonal silence from which unconditional love overflows and celebrates. It is the wonderful mystery. Tony Parsons has been sharing this "open secret" with people for over thirty years. His talks and workshops are highly regarded in England, Western Europe and, more recently, North America. Interview recorded 2/2/2012
- published: 05 Feb 2012
- views: 19333
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Gautama Buddha's Aung Chin Schit Par = So Sandar Tun
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:08
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Siddhartha Gautama became better known as Guatama Buddha following his own personal bodhi, or enlightenment. He used this newly acquired knowledge to instruct others in his faith on the means to reach both bodhi and Nirvana, which is the end of all suffering.
http://wn.com/Gautama_Buddha's_Aung_Chin_Schit_Par_=_So_Sandar_Tun
Siddhartha Gautama became better known as Guatama Buddha following his own personal bodhi, or enlightenment. He used this newly acquired knowledge to instruct others in his faith on the means to reach both bodhi and Nirvana, which is the end of all suffering.
- published: 18 Jul 2008
- views: 56611
- author: ayenanda
Pamela Wilson - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 88:22
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Pamela speaks the Truth of advaita, non-duality -- that the universe is one undivided whole. For the last ten years she has traveled widely in the United States, Canada and Europe, holding satsang and giving private sessions. Week-long retreats have been held in Mexico, Costa Rica, France, the United Kingdom, Canada and the USA. She has endeared herself to many through her lighthearted humor and compassion, and deep understanding of what it is to be human. She lives near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Interview recorded 8/28/2011
http://wn.com/Pamela_Wilson_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Pamela speaks the Truth of advaita, non-duality -- that the universe is one undivided whole. For the last ten years she has traveled widely in the United States, Canada and Europe, holding satsang and giving private sessions. Week-long retreats have been held in Mexico, Costa Rica, France, the United Kingdom, Canada and the USA. She has endeared herself to many through her lighthearted humor and compassion, and deep understanding of what it is to be human. She lives near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Interview recorded 8/28/2011
- published: 01 Sep 2011
- views: 9141
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Burt Harding - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:50
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Burt Harding, founder of the Awareness Foundation in Vancouver, offers a radical invitation to recognize the truth of our being as already whole and fulfilled. He reminds us of the love we really are beyond the personal stories we carry. In this way, we come to recognize what we have always known but did not live from -- the beauty and wonder of our own true essence. Burt conducts sessions and workshops in Supersentience, a system devised to help heal deep wounds and promote a shift in the perception of who we really are. He has conducted studies in higher consciousness for thirty years and had his own television series on the mind/body connection. Interview conducted 1/9/2010.
http://wn.com/Burt_Harding_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Burt Harding, founder of the Awareness Foundation in Vancouver, offers a radical invitation to recognize the truth of our being as already whole and fulfilled. He reminds us of the love we really are beyond the personal stories we carry. In this way, we come to recognize what we have always known but did not live from -- the beauty and wonder of our own true essence. Burt conducts sessions and workshops in Supersentience, a system devised to help heal deep wounds and promote a shift in the perception of who we really are. He has conducted studies in higher consciousness for thirty years and had his own television series on the mind/body connection. Interview conducted 1/9/2010.
- published: 12 Jan 2011
- views: 7797
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Rare clear view of Nepal Buddha Boy with interviews
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Those who do not know about Nepal Buddha Boy, he was a 16 year old boy who meditated for 6 months without any food. One of the clip with the clearest view of the Nepal Buddha Boy. His brother and mother were interviewed. Very rare. Courtesy of Sam and Laura.
http://wn.com/Rare_clear_view_of_Nepal_Buddha_Boy_with_interviews
Those who do not know about Nepal Buddha Boy, he was a 16 year old boy who meditated for 6 months without any food. One of the clip with the clearest view of the Nepal Buddha Boy. His brother and mother were interviewed. Very rare. Courtesy of Sam and Laura.
- published: 15 Jan 2008
- views: 163420
- author: 02615
Ellie Roozdar - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 129:57
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com I was born and raised in Iran and moved to the US in 1979. I am a happily married woman for 29 years. We have been blessed, with two beautiful children, our lovely daughter and our sweet son. Have graduated from SUNY at Stony Brook, I have been a math teacher in high school and community colleges. After a while, I changed my career to Information Technoligy and worked as a Quality Assurance Manage for many years. Since childhood, I was seeing myself as a vision, which was not associated with the body at all. The question was arising "Who am I?" This was never answered and it was there in my heart for a long time... Since year 2001, I have been inspired: 1. To get to know who I am 2. To find what I am searching for (which was a true authentic Joy of being, that I remember from somewhere) For the past few years, I have had wonderful experiences by going within, meditating and discovering the Truth. The Truth reveals itself to itself by itself. I would like to share this experience with you. I hope by reading this path, you also get excited to go within and "discover" who you really are, and also find the true inner joy that resides within. This is a discovery and not to become anyone or anything. Remember: Joy is already there, it just needs to be uncovered. We learn to go within and to be a witness of the "nothingness "We call this "Adaam" or "Lamakan" in Farsi. It will be very scary at the beginning. All our life we want to be somebody and add ...
http://wn.com/Ellie_Roozdar_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com I was born and raised in Iran and moved to the US in 1979. I am a happily married woman for 29 years. We have been blessed, with two beautiful children, our lovely daughter and our sweet son. Have graduated from SUNY at Stony Brook, I have been a math teacher in high school and community colleges. After a while, I changed my career to Information Technoligy and worked as a Quality Assurance Manage for many years. Since childhood, I was seeing myself as a vision, which was not associated with the body at all. The question was arising "Who am I?" This was never answered and it was there in my heart for a long time... Since year 2001, I have been inspired: 1. To get to know who I am 2. To find what I am searching for (which was a true authentic Joy of being, that I remember from somewhere) For the past few years, I have had wonderful experiences by going within, meditating and discovering the Truth. The Truth reveals itself to itself by itself. I would like to share this experience with you. I hope by reading this path, you also get excited to go within and "discover" who you really are, and also find the true inner joy that resides within. This is a discovery and not to become anyone or anything. Remember: Joy is already there, it just needs to be uncovered. We learn to go within and to be a witness of the "nothingness "We call this "Adaam" or "Lamakan" in Farsi. It will be very scary at the beginning. All our life we want to be somebody and add ...
- published: 20 Oct 2011
- views: 6726
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
BLOOD FOR BLOOD - Interview with Buddha and Ian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
BLOOD FOR BLOOD - Interview with Buddha and Ian
http://wn.com/BLOOD_FOR_BLOOD_Interview_with_Buddha_and_Ian
BLOOD FOR BLOOD - Interview with Buddha and Ian
- published: 24 May 2011
- views: 14961
- author: PitCamProduction
Francis Lucille - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:16
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Francis Lucille is a spiritual teacher of the tradition of Advaita Vedanta (non-duality). He became a disciple of Jean Klein, a French Advaita teacher whom he met in 1975. This was the beginning of a close association that lasted until the death of his friend and spiritual master in 1998. Jean Klein's own guru, "Panditji" Rao, whom he met in India in the nineteen-fifties, was a college professor in Bangalore who taught Sanskrit and belonged to a lineage of traditional Advaita Vedanta teachers. www.francislucille.com. Interview recorded 10/29/2012
http://wn.com/Francis_Lucille_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Francis Lucille is a spiritual teacher of the tradition of Advaita Vedanta (non-duality). He became a disciple of Jean Klein, a French Advaita teacher whom he met in 1975. This was the beginning of a close association that lasted until the death of his friend and spiritual master in 1998. Jean Klein's own guru, "Panditji" Rao, whom he met in India in the nineteen-fifties, was a college professor in Bangalore who taught Sanskrit and belonged to a lineage of traditional Advaita Vedanta teachers. www.francislucille.com. Interview recorded 10/29/2012
- published: 03 Dec 2012
- views: 5064
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Unmani - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 95:11
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com Unmani is originally from the UK, but has lived a nomadic life in many countries around the world from the age of 18. She has had no 'home base' for years, and travels around the world holding meetings and retreats relying on the generosity of people who have been touched by her message. Amazing people in so many countries have helped, supported and hosted Unmani over the years. She lives in gratitude to those who are willing to open their homes and their hearts to freedom. Unlike most people, since she was a child, Unmani never identified with the role she seemed to be playing as a person living a life. However, she felt very lost and alone in a world that everyone else seemed to take so seriously. After years of searching to find a way out of this pain, she met a German Zen master in India. With her, Unmani recognized that what she had been searching for had always been right here. She woke up to the dream, time stopped and the search ended. Unmani began holding meetings and retreats 3 years later. Unmani is the author of two books 'I am Life itself' and 'Die to Love' and is now writing a third book. Interview recorded 10/11/2011
http://wn.com/Unmani_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com Unmani is originally from the UK, but has lived a nomadic life in many countries around the world from the age of 18. She has had no 'home base' for years, and travels around the world holding meetings and retreats relying on the generosity of people who have been touched by her message. Amazing people in so many countries have helped, supported and hosted Unmani over the years. She lives in gratitude to those who are willing to open their homes and their hearts to freedom. Unlike most people, since she was a child, Unmani never identified with the role she seemed to be playing as a person living a life. However, she felt very lost and alone in a world that everyone else seemed to take so seriously. After years of searching to find a way out of this pain, she met a German Zen master in India. With her, Unmani recognized that what she had been searching for had always been right here. She woke up to the dream, time stopped and the search ended. Unmani began holding meetings and retreats 3 years later. Unmani is the author of two books 'I am Life itself' and 'Die to Love' and is now writing a third book. Interview recorded 10/11/2011
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 6440
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Karen Richards - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 86:22
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Also see batgap.com In February 2008 at the age of thirty-three, Karen experienced a sudden and radical awakening. Prior to this realisation, no teachings or practices were followed -- in fact at that time the terms non-duality and awakening were completely unfamiliar. This spontaneous realisation presented itself during a period of intense emotional suffering and when demands in life exceeded Karen's physical capability. Karen attempted to persevere in the face of these challenges, the consequence being a severely debilitating illness that affected physical functioning on every level. Although the illness had a devastating effect on life as it was then known, it seemed to create a space for a deeper reality to be recognised. As her state of health was so poor, Karen was unable to return to work -- meaning that she spent a significant amount of time confined to her home. The effect of this period of solitude was profound surrender, allowing the realisation to become deeply integrated into daily living. Two and a half years after the initial recognition, someone Karen didn't know approached her for guidance, which really was the beginning of sharing in a more active way. Karen now shares openly with all those who wish to enquire into the true nature of reality. Karen grew up in a small town in the heart of England and was born into a non-religious family. After a somewhat turbulent childhood and unsettled early adult life, she trained as a nurse in 1993. After ...
http://wn.com/Karen_Richards_Buddha_at_the_Gas_Pump_Interview
Also see batgap.com In February 2008 at the age of thirty-three, Karen experienced a sudden and radical awakening. Prior to this realisation, no teachings or practices were followed -- in fact at that time the terms non-duality and awakening were completely unfamiliar. This spontaneous realisation presented itself during a period of intense emotional suffering and when demands in life exceeded Karen's physical capability. Karen attempted to persevere in the face of these challenges, the consequence being a severely debilitating illness that affected physical functioning on every level. Although the illness had a devastating effect on life as it was then known, it seemed to create a space for a deeper reality to be recognised. As her state of health was so poor, Karen was unable to return to work -- meaning that she spent a significant amount of time confined to her home. The effect of this period of solitude was profound surrender, allowing the realisation to become deeply integrated into daily living. Two and a half years after the initial recognition, someone Karen didn't know approached her for guidance, which really was the beginning of sharing in a more active way. Karen now shares openly with all those who wish to enquire into the true nature of reality. Karen grew up in a small town in the heart of England and was born into a non-religious family. After a somewhat turbulent childhood and unsettled early adult life, she trained as a nurse in 1993. After ...
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 11568
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
6:43
How did Gautama Buddha reach Enlightenment (Nirvana)?
Born in Lumbini, Nepal, Siddhartha was destined to a luxurious life as a prince, had three...
published: 05 Mar 2008
author: me2super
How did Gautama Buddha reach Enlightenment (Nirvana)?
Born in Lumbini, Nepal, Siddhartha was destined to a luxurious life as a prince, had three palaces especially built for him. Siddhartha escaped his palace, accompanied by Channa aboard his horse Kanthaka, leaving behind this royal life to become a mendicant. Sitting under a banyan tree, now known as the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya (Bihar, India), he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. After 49 days meditating, at the age of 35, he attained Enlightenment (Nirvana). Gautama, from then on, was known as the Buddha or "Awakened One." Buddha is also sometimes translated as "The Enlightened One." Often, he is referred to in Buddhism as Shakyamuni Buddha or "The Awakened One of the Shakya Clan." Gautama Buddha is mentioned as an Avatar of Vishnu in the Puranic texts of Hinduism. In the Bhagavata Purana he is twenty fourth of twenty five avatars, prefiguring a forthcoming final incarnation. A number of Hindu traditions portray Buddha as the most recent of ten principal avatars, known as the "Dasavatara" (Ten Incarnations of God). The Buddhist Dasharatha Jataka (Jataka Atthakatha) represents Rama as a previous incarnation of the Buddha as a Bodhisattva and Supreme Dharma King of great wisdom.
- published: 05 Mar 2008
- views: 286987
- author: me2super
128:14
Gautama Buddha - Hindi (2007) Full Movie
...
published: 17 Oct 2012
author: AlvinsMediaShare1
Gautama Buddha - Hindi (2007) Full Movie
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 14694
- author: AlvinsMediaShare1
4:08
THE ENLIGHTENED ONE: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
The Enlightened One: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Edited by: Jendhamuni A dedication to the L...
published: 21 Feb 2008
author: Jendhamuni Sos
THE ENLIGHTENED ONE: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
The Enlightened One: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Edited by: Jendhamuni A dedication to the Lord Sakyamuni Buddha on Makha Puja Day Song Title: Dawn by: Tomas Walker
- published: 21 Feb 2008
- views: 131187
- author: Jendhamuni Sos
9:36
Gautama Buddha Meditation - Musical Meditation
Musical meditation on the Buddha and the beauty of nature. Enjoy the mountains, the flower...
published: 31 Mar 2009
author: thesummitlighthouse
Gautama Buddha Meditation - Musical Meditation
Musical meditation on the Buddha and the beauty of nature. Enjoy the mountains, the flowers and the streams of of Montana. Sing along and celebrate the presence of the Buddha.
- published: 31 Mar 2009
- views: 30225
- author: thesummitlighthouse
8:29
Dhamma Chakka Sutta-The first sermon of Gautama Buddha ( part 1)
This is the first ever sermon of Gautama Buddha.It is delivered to the five Bikkus(monks) ...
published: 16 Sep 2009
author: Sen Kollura
Dhamma Chakka Sutta-The first sermon of Gautama Buddha ( part 1)
This is the first ever sermon of Gautama Buddha.It is delivered to the five Bikkus(monks) who helped him while he was practicing Attakilamatanu yoga(process that hurting oneself). This is where Dhamma and Sangha appeared to the world for the first time. This is where Buddha turned the wheel of Dhamma for the benefit of Gods and Men.
- published: 16 Sep 2009
- views: 15539
- author: Sen Kollura
10:06
Gautam buddha movie "little buddha" part1
...
published: 07 Aug 2011
author: OpenHighway1
Gautam buddha movie "little buddha" part1
- published: 07 Aug 2011
- views: 11106
- author: OpenHighway1
63:23
Gangaji - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Gangaji shares a simple message-This is an invitation to shift your al...
published: 20 Oct 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Gangaji - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Gangaji shares a simple message-This is an invitation to shift your allegiance from the activities of your mind to the eternal presence of your being. Born in Texas in 1942, Gangaji grew up in Mississippi. After graduating from the University of Mississippi in 1964, she married and had a daughter. In 1972, she moved to San Francisco where she began exploring deeper levels of her being. She took Bodhisattva vows, practiced Zen and Vipassana meditation, helped run a Tibetan Buddhist Meditation Center, and had a career as an acupuncturist in the San Francisco Bay area. Despite her successes, Gangaji continued to experience a deep and persistent longing for fulfillment. She pursued many paths to change her life including relationship, motherhood, political activism, career, and spiritual practice, but even the greatest of her successes ultimately came up short. In the wake of her disillusionment, she made a final prayer for true help. In 1990, the answer to her prayer came unexpectedly, taking her to India and to the meeting that would change everything. There on the banks of the river Ganga, she met Sri HWL Poonja, also known as Papaji, who opened the floodgates of self-recognition. In this meeting, Gangaji's personal story of suffering ended and the promise of a true life began to flower and unfold. Today, Gangaji travels the world speaking to seekers from all walks of life. A teacher and author, she shares her direct experience of the essential message ...
- published: 20 Oct 2011
- views: 23655
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
81:41
Inelia Benz - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com My full name is Inelia del Pilar Ahumada Avila, and I'm also known as ...
published: 03 Nov 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Inelia Benz - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com My full name is Inelia del Pilar Ahumada Avila, and I'm also known as Inelia Benz. I am here, as millions of others are, to raise the level of vibration of the planet. This has involved assisting lightworkers and lightwarriors in their path as well as exploring and investigating what the "dark side" is doing on the planet. I have also been developing and investigating tools and practices which are quick and effective in the raising of awareness and vibration of individuals and the planet. The journey was not without its mistakes, dangers and injuries, but has been worth it. On January 2010, I received a request from "Source" to go public, which I have done. The first thing I did was to establish an information source at www.ascension101.com. This assignment has been growing steadily and at the same time, my "behind the scenes" work with other lightworkers and public figures continues. Inelia's books: Interview With an Alien, The 13th Mage, Personal And Global Ascension 2012: Volume One Interview recorded 10/30/2011
- published: 03 Nov 2011
- views: 51825
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
100:13
Lisa Cairns - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Lisa started spiritually seeking in her early 20's. She had her first ...
published: 20 Jan 2012
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Lisa Cairns - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Lisa started spiritually seeking in her early 20's. She had her first awakening in 2005 after attending a talk given by Tony Parsons. After this, she spent some time in India with Ramesh Balsekar. It was there that she met her final teacher, Roger Castillo, who was also a student of Ramesh. She lived with him for three years in Australia during which time many falsehoods were seen through. In the beginning of 2011, Lisa's awakening stabilized and the seeker fell away. Lisa now enjoys communicating the nature of Happiness to anyone desperate enough to know the truth. Interview recorded 1/7/2012
- published: 20 Jan 2012
- views: 12853
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
117:14
Benjamin Smythe - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com I thought I knew something. It turns out I didn't. My heart explodes i...
published: 03 Apr 2012
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Benjamin Smythe - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com I thought I knew something. It turns out I didn't. My heart explodes into pieces and they rain down everywhere I look. It doesn't feel as new agey as it sounds, and that ends up being such an incredible delight. Nothing spiritual I have ever encountered has anything to do with the simple Wow I am talking about. It is this Mystery. Wow! Benjamin's site: benjamintsmythe.com Interview recorded 3/31/2012
- published: 03 Apr 2012
- views: 11282
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
79:23
Rick Archer Interviewed by Richard Miller - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com I'm the Chief Cook and Bottle Washer at Buddha at the Gas Pump. Richar...
published: 01 Jan 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Rick Archer Interviewed by Richard Miller - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com I'm the Chief Cook and Bottle Washer at Buddha at the Gas Pump. Richard Miller hosts a similar interview show called Never Not Here. Somehow we connected and he asked to interview me, not necessarily as an awakened being or teacher, but as a fellow spiritual aspirant. In the summer of 1967, when I was 17 years old, I was driving through Westport, CT with three friends in the car. One of them in the back seat was reading from a commentary on the Tibetan Book of the Dead by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert. A quiet but memorable realization dawned in me that there was such a thing as "enlightenment" and that realizing it was life's ultimate goal. I rather recklessly explored that possibility through drugs for a year, then saw the futility of that approach and learned Transcendental Meditation. I taught TM for 25 years and still meditate regularly, but am not affiliated with any particular spiritual organization. I respect any of them which seem to offer genuine benefits to their participants. Interview recorded 6/5/2010.
- published: 01 Jan 2011
- views: 3140
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
111:29
Rupert Spira - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
From an early age Rupert Spira was deeply interested in the nature of reality. For twenty ...
published: 09 Nov 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Rupert Spira - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
From an early age Rupert Spira was deeply interested in the nature of reality. For twenty years he studied the teachings of PDOuspensky, J.Krishnamurti, Rumi, Shankaracharya, Ramana Maharshi, Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj and Robert Adams, until he met his teacher, Francis Lucille, in 1996. Francis introduced Rupert to the teachings of Jean Klein and Atmanada Krishnamenon and, more importantly, directly indicated to him the true nature of experience. His two books, The Transparency of Things, (sub-titled Contemplating the Nature of Experience), and Presence, in two volumes (The Art of Peace and Happiness and The Intimacy of All Experience), are a profound exploration of the non-dual nature of experience. Rupert lives in UK and holds regular meetings and retreats in Europe and USA. For all further information see www.rupertspira.com. Interview recorded 11
- published: 09 Nov 2011
- views: 14394
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
3:40
Gautam Buddha
Maharashtra State Board Standard 9 - History English Medium...
published: 10 Jan 2011
author: esenseindia
Gautam Buddha
Maharashtra State Board Standard 9 - History English Medium
- published: 10 Jan 2011
- views: 13968
- author: esenseindia
68:59
Tony Parsons - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Open Secret message is totally radical and uncompromising. It is a rar...
published: 05 Feb 2012
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Tony Parsons - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Open Secret message is totally radical and uncompromising. It is a rare and singular expression of absolute non-dualism. It bypasses the mind and speaks directly to the very core of a wisdom that is imminent in all of us. When there is a readiness to hear, all seeking and need for personal endeavor falls away, leaving simply the wonder of what is. There is no me or you, no seeker, no enlightenment, no disciple and no guru. There is no better or worse, no path, and nothing that has to be achieved. All appearance is source. All that apparently manifests -- the world, the life story, the hypnotic dream of separation, the search for home -- is the one appearing as two, the nothing appearing as everything, the absolute appearing as the particular. There is no separate intelligence weaving a destiny, and no choice functioning at any level. Nothing is happening, but this, as it is, invites the apparent seeker to rediscover that which already is...the abiding, uncaused, unchanging, impersonal silence from which unconditional love overflows and celebrates. It is the wonderful mystery. Tony Parsons has been sharing this "open secret" with people for over thirty years. His talks and workshops are highly regarded in England, Western Europe and, more recently, North America. Interview recorded 2/2/2012
- published: 05 Feb 2012
- views: 19333
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Vimeo results:
3:38
Into The Mind - Official Teaser
From the makers of All.I.Can comes the new feature film: INTO THE MIND
www.intothemindmov...
published: 27 Nov 2012
author: Sherpas Cinema
Into The Mind - Official Teaser
From the makers of All.I.Can comes the new feature film: INTO THE MIND
www.intothemindmovie.com
facebook.com/sherpascinema
Blur the lines between dream state and reality, as you perceive the world through the minds of many. Into the Mind contemplates the experiences passed between mentors and peers to paint a philosophical portrait of human kind. What drives us to overcome challenge? How do we justify risk? What forces are at the core of a mountain addiction? Unique athlete segments over a multitude of mountain sport genres depict the connectivity of Earth, and window into never seen before moments. Explore how we begin our perception of self, construct the foundations of confidence, and are ultimately led up the path of self-actualization.
As Buddha once said, “The mind is everything. What you think you become.”
Into The Mind is about becoming.
Presented by The North Face - COMING FALL 2013
Created by Sherpas Cinema - http://www.sherpascinema.com
Directors: Dave Mossop and Eric Crosland
Producer: Malcolm Sangster
Music: A Tribe Called Red - Electric Powwow (Available for free at http://www.electricpowwow.com )
Original Score by Jacob Yoffee, Sound Design: Cody Petersen
3:25
A Tribute to MCA. Kids Reenact Sabotage
Happy New Year y'all! We miss MCA, but that's because he touched us all so powerfully! Enj...
published: 14 May 2012
author: James Winters
A Tribute to MCA. Kids Reenact Sabotage
Happy New Year y'all! We miss MCA, but that's because he touched us all so powerfully! Enjoy your time here on earth, treat each other well and have fun!
By the way, I made a new video which you really ought to check out. https://vimeo.com/52562640
Stay up to date on the kid's video by liking our facebook page http://www.facebook.com/Kids4MCA
I'm a humble Beastie Fan from way back. Even lucky enough to meet and shoot the breeze with MCA at a Pharaoh Sanders gig off of Hollywood Blvd back in 91 or so. He was as cool as you could imagine. We made this video one week after his passing as a way to transform our grief. I'm sad for his friends and family and am honored to have been able to do something that his fans appreciated. Cheers.
And I don't know why we put a clown in the video!? The whole thing happened very fast.
“Even death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.” - Buddha
Some "making of": clips
https://vimeo.com/46786036
https://vimeo.com/42513234
2:23
Shaping History, Shaping Tomorrow
Tokyo is a city like no other; a sprawling metropolis that never ceases to amaze. In this ...
published: 03 Dec 2012
author: Tim White
Shaping History, Shaping Tomorrow
Tokyo is a city like no other; a sprawling metropolis that never ceases to amaze. In this video I wanted to explore the many contrasts of life in the city; between the young and the old, the traditional and the contemporary, the fast and the slow, the eastern and western influences.
This film was commissioned by Keio University for their 'Shaping History, Shaping Tomorrow' campaign.
www.global.keio.ac.jp
Tim White - Director/Producer/Editor
Samuel Smith - Actor/Model
Liam Gilmour - DOP
Akira Tanaka - Producer/Art Director
Sachiko Miyashita - Executive Producer/Branding Consultant
Takayuki Kuribayashi - Assistant Producer
Sayumi Suzuki - Production Manager
Nick Gunn - Composer/Sound Designer
Josh Flowers - Composer/Sound Designer
Roslyn Di Sisto - Colourist
Sam Hopgood - Audio Mixer
Julie Newton - Storyboard Artist
Stephen Forster - Copywriter
Thanks to:
Keio Baseball Club
Keio Calligraphy Club
Keio Sumo Club
W+I&S; (Keio Dance Club)
Prof. Dr. Susumu Tachi (Keio University Graduate School of Media Design)
Gakou Watanabe (Kohmyoji, Sagamihara)
Shingen Aoyagi (Kenchoji, Kamakura)
Kenchoji, Kamakura
Kotoku-in (Great Buddha, Kamakura)
Asakusa Sensoji (Temple in Asakusa)
Asakusa Nakamise (Shopping street in Asakusa)
Kikyo (Japanese Dance)
Atami-yu (Bath House, Kagurazaka)
Masanobu Furuta (Rooftop)
Otaru Masazushi (Sushi Restaurant)
Hana Davies
Sumie Davies
Seiji Armstrong
Stephanie Dietrich
Amina Sugi
Jessica Spohr
Gabe Russo
Julie Newton
Copyright:
Gundam - Sotsu, Sunrise
Japanese Garden - Koishikawa Korakuen
Fish Market - Tsukiji Market (Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market)
Creative Agency
Yuit Inc.
3:24
Zen
See how to create videos like this and get the most out of your GH2 with the EOSHD GH2 Sho...
published: 02 Dec 2011
author: Andrew Reid
Zen
See how to create videos like this and get the most out of your GH2 with the EOSHD GH2 Shooter's Guide. A 164 page book by Andrew Reid http://www.eoshd.com/gh2-guide-book
Shot at the Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, one of the few that still remain. Panasonic GH2 paired with hack (44Mbit AVCHD) and Isco CentaVision 2x anamorphic.
Image quality is far sharper in the downloaded 1080p version since Vimeo only streams at a low bitrate 720p and scales that to full screen.
Music: Lana Del Rey - Video Games
All the info on my blog: http://www.eoshd.com/content/5963/shooting-anamorphic-in-shanghai-with-an-iscorama-and-20-lens
Youtube results:
9:08
Gautama Buddha's Aung Chin Schit Par = So Sandar Tun
Siddhartha Gautama became better known as Guatama Buddha following his own personal bodhi,...
published: 18 Jul 2008
author: ayenanda
Gautama Buddha's Aung Chin Schit Par = So Sandar Tun
Siddhartha Gautama became better known as Guatama Buddha following his own personal bodhi, or enlightenment. He used this newly acquired knowledge to instruct others in his faith on the means to reach both bodhi and Nirvana, which is the end of all suffering.
- published: 18 Jul 2008
- views: 56611
- author: ayenanda
88:22
Pamela Wilson - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Pamela speaks the Truth of advaita, non-duality -- that the universe i...
published: 01 Sep 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Pamela Wilson - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Also see batgap.com Pamela speaks the Truth of advaita, non-duality -- that the universe is one undivided whole. For the last ten years she has traveled widely in the United States, Canada and Europe, holding satsang and giving private sessions. Week-long retreats have been held in Mexico, Costa Rica, France, the United Kingdom, Canada and the USA. She has endeared herself to many through her lighthearted humor and compassion, and deep understanding of what it is to be human. She lives near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Interview recorded 8/28/2011
- published: 01 Sep 2011
- views: 9141
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
62:50
Burt Harding - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Burt Harding, founder of the Awareness Foundation in Vancouver, offers a radical invitatio...
published: 12 Jan 2011
author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
Burt Harding - Buddha at the Gas Pump Interview
Burt Harding, founder of the Awareness Foundation in Vancouver, offers a radical invitation to recognize the truth of our being as already whole and fulfilled. He reminds us of the love we really are beyond the personal stories we carry. In this way, we come to recognize what we have always known but did not live from -- the beauty and wonder of our own true essence. Burt conducts sessions and workshops in Supersentience, a system devised to help heal deep wounds and promote a shift in the perception of who we really are. He has conducted studies in higher consciousness for thirty years and had his own television series on the mind/body connection. Interview conducted 1/9/2010.
- published: 12 Jan 2011
- views: 7797
- author: BuddhaAtTheGasPump
6:25
Rare clear view of Nepal Buddha Boy with interviews
Those who do not know about Nepal Buddha Boy, he was a 16 year old boy who meditated for 6...
published: 15 Jan 2008
author: 02615
Rare clear view of Nepal Buddha Boy with interviews
Those who do not know about Nepal Buddha Boy, he was a 16 year old boy who meditated for 6 months without any food. One of the clip with the clearest view of the Nepal Buddha Boy. His brother and mother were interviewed. Very rare. Courtesy of Sam and Laura.
- published: 15 Jan 2008
- views: 163420
- author: 02615
photo: Creative Commons / Gage Skidmore
18 Jan 2013
Angelina Jolie likes being a sex symbol. The Oscar-winning actress is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful women and she enjoys being told she looks good as it's important to feel sexy ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)
photo: AP / Sergei Chuzavkov
19 Jan 2013
MOSCOW — The government of President Viktor F. Yanukovich of Ukraine said Friday that it planned to bring murder charges against his political rival, the jailed former prime minister, Yulia V. Tymoshenko, in connection with the 1996 assassination of a member of Parliament. Connect With Us on Twitter. Follow @nytimesworld for international breaking news and headlines. Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... He said that Ms ... Ms ... Ms ... ... ....(size: 8.0Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington
20 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa. The combatants include a nomadic Berber people known as Tuareg, the French Foreign Legion and a coalition of al-Qaida affiliates who identify themselves with the Maghreb, the desert region of Northwestern Africa ... Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... "They go to where the fight is ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi
21 Jan 2013
Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
photo: AP / SITE Intel Group
18 Jan 2013
He's known as Mr Marlboro because of his cigarette smuggling. The French intelligence service calls him "The Uncatchable".. The truth is Mokhtar Belmokhtar and his fellow North African Jihadists are rapidly emerging as Europe's most potent strategic threat.. Born in central Algeria in 1972 he grew obsessed with Jihadi ideology in his teens. At 19 he volunteered to fight alongside the mujahedeen in Afghanistan. ... "He is very cold ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
Headlines India
21 Jan 2013
The Buddha will smile on the DSC Jaipur Literature Festival this year when the 14th Dalai Lama attends the literary carnival on the eve of the discussion,"The Buddha in Literature' Jan 25 ... "The Buddha's impact on humanity lies beyond religion and theology ... Our sessions on 'The Buddha in Literature' are a tribute to the way of seeing and knowing taught by the Buddha."...(size: 4.9Kb)
The Hindu
21 Jan 2013
This year, the much-anticipated Jaipur Literature Festival will have a special touch of spirituality with an underlying theme of Buddha’s influence on the literary ... Organisers said the Dalai Lama’s visit adds a special touch to one of the festival’s focus themes of this year - of The Buddha in Literature ... “Gautama the Buddha’s impact on humanity lies beyond religion and theology......(size: 4.1Kb)
The Times of India
21 Jan 2013
KENDRAPADA. About 120 Buddhist scholars from around the world will meet at a three-day International Buddhist conference at Udayagiri in Jajpur district from February 1 ... "We have sought the help of the district administration and the locals for their support to the conclave ... Images of Buddha, Amitabha, Avalokiteswar, Vrjesane Buddha, Kurukulla were also unearthed in Udayagiri, the official said ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
The Guardian
21 Jan 2013
• 2 Chuk Yuen Village, Wong Tai Sin, +852 2327 8141, siksikyuen.org.hkPo Lin Monastery and Big >Buddha ... Lantau Island's Tian Tan Buddha and Po Lin Monastery are two of the city's most famous attractions, and for good reason ... Equally impressive architectural feats are located within the monastery itself, including the main shrine and a massive, soon-to-open complex known as the Grand Hall of Ten Thousand Buddhas. ...(size: 9.2Kb)
The Himalayan
21 Jan 2013
The Examiner
21 Jan 2013
The Funky Buddha in Boca Raton is about to unleash the hounds on us all! They've put together quite an impressive draft line up for Tuesday January 22nd. Starting at 7pm expect to see these beers on. ... Cheers!. ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Independent online (SA)
21 Jan 2013
Kathmandu - Nepal's capital, Kathmandu, is an ancient town dotted with Hindu and Buddhist temples, a riot of colour and dust with clogged streets where stray cows and dogs vie for rotting leftovers beside swanky malls ... FRIDAY ... AFP. SATURDAY ... Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, also hailed from the same clan ... It has a stupa, or temple tower, with the ever-watching eyes of the Buddha painted on top of a white dome ... Bargaining is advised ... SUNDAY....(size: 6.9Kb)
The Examiner
21 Jan 2013
Cerebral Aquarius is welcomed this week with a few bits of trivia about the sky and the sea. Why is the sky blue? What does SOS stand for?. I remember being told that the sky is blue due to the reflection of the oceans and waterways which make up about 86% of the planet ... Manatee and Aurora Vei ... SOS ... . --- . ... Buddha told us, "You above anyone deserve your love and affection." ... Buddha said, "You above anyone deserve your love and affection."....(size: 8.6Kb)
The Himalayan
21 Jan 2013
. Added At. 2013-01-21 8.28 PM ... 2013-01-21 9.03 PM ... Close. "Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution‚ and of peace and Buddha simultaneously‚ my curiosity has increased‚" she further wrote" Sarita Giri wrote ... Dr ... “Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution, and of peace and Buddha simultaneously, my curiosity has increased,” she further wrote ... ....(size: 11.8Kb)
The Himalayan
21 Jan 2013
. Added At. 2013-01-21 8.28 PM ... 2013-01-21 10.17 PM ... Close. "Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution‚ and of peace and Buddha simultaneously‚ my curiosity has increased‚" she further wrote" Sarita Giri wrote ... Dr ... “Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution, and of peace and Buddha simultaneously, my curiosity has increased,” she further wrote ... ....(size: 11.8Kb)
The Himalayan
21 Jan 2013
. Added At. 2013-01-21 8.28 PM ... Close. "Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution‚ and of peace and Buddha simultaneously‚ my curiosity has increased‚" she further wrote" Sarita Giri wrote ... Dr ... Dr ... “Now that the Maoist leaders are talking of rebellion and revolution, and of peace and Buddha simultaneously, my curiosity has increased,” she further wrote....(size: 11.2Kb)
noodls
21 Jan 2013
(Source. Four Seasons Hotels Inc) New Afternoon Tea Refreshes the Daily Ritual at The Bar and Alfresco at Four Seasons Hotel Singapore. Finger sandwiches, baked pastries and tea cakes, and the finest selection of teas ... An assortment of TWG teas provides a complementary accompaniment, be it Earl Grey Buddha, Spice Route, Jade of Africa or the Nuwara Eliya Op from the lofty plantations in Sri Lanka ... Prices are as follows ... distributed by....(size: 3.1Kb)
The Examiner
21 Jan 2013
Cheers to a New Year and another chance for us to get it right. -Oprah Winfrey. Every year around January 1, we take out a piece of paper and list our resolutions; all kinds of things we are 'resolving' to do better. My question is. do you know where this year's list is? And if you do, how many of your resolutions have you been keeping? ... it's not working like I want it to work ... Step 1 ... Step 2 ... Step 3 ... B ... Jesus and Buddha -- Interfaith dialog ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
"Buddha" and "Gautama" redirect here. For other uses, see Buddha (disambiguation) and Gautama (disambiguation).
| Gautama Buddha | |
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.jpg) A statue of the Buddha from Sarnath, 4th century CE |
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| Born | c. 563 BCE [1] Lumbini (today in Nepal) |
| Died | c. 483 BCE (aged 80) or 411 and 400 BCE Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh (today in India) |
| Ethnicity | Shakya |
| Known for | Founder of Buddhism |
| Predecessor | Kassapa Buddha |
| Successor | Maitreya Buddha |
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Gautama Buddha or Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम बुद्ध; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.[2] The word Buddha is a title for the first awakened being in an era. In most Buddhist traditions, Siddhartha Gautama is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (P. sammāsambuddha, S. samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one" or "the enlightened one." [note 1] Gautama Buddha may also be referred to as Śākyamuni (Sanskrit: शाक्यमुनि "Sage of the Śākyas"). The Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.[3]
The time of Gautama's birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century historians dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE,[4] but more recent opinion dates his death to between 486 and 483 BCE or, according to some, between 411 and 400 BCE.[5][6] UNESCO lists Lumbini, Nepal, as a world heritage site and birthplace of Gautama Buddha.[1][7] There are also claims about birth place of Gautama Buddha to be Kapileswara, Orissa[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or Kapilavastu at Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh He later taught throughout regions of eastern India such as Magadha and Kośala.[16][17]
Gautama is the primary figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to him were passed down by oral tradition, and first committed to writing about 400 years later.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Traditional biographies[link]
The primary sources for the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are in a variety of different and sometimes conflicting traditional biographies. These include the Buddhacarita, Lalitavistara Sūtra, Mahāvastu, and the Nidānakathā.[18] Of these, the Buddhacarita is the earliest full biography, an epic poem written by the poet Aśvaghoṣa, and dating around the beginning of the 2nd century CE.[18] The Lalitavistara Sūtra is the next oldest biography, a Mahāyāna/Sarvāstivāda biography dating to the 3rd century CE.[19] The Mahāvastu from the Mahāsāṃghika Lokottaravāda sect is another major biography, composed incrementally until perhaps the 4th century CE.[19] The Dharmaguptaka biography of the Buddha is the most exhaustive, and is entitled the Abhiniṣkramaṇa Sūtra, and various Chinese translations of this date between the 3rd and 6th century CE. Lastly, the Nidānakathā is from the Theravāda sect in Sri Lanka, composed in the 5th century CE by Buddhaghoṣa.[20]
From canonical sources, the Jātaka tales, Mahapadana Sutta (DN 14), and the Achariyabhuta Sutta (MN 123) include selective accounts that may be older, but are not full biographies. The Jātaka tales retell previous lives of Gautama as a bodhisattva, and the first collection of these can be dated among the earliest Buddhist texts.[21] The Mahāpadāna Sutta and Acchariyaabbhuta Sutta both recount miraculous events surrounding Gautama's birth, such as the bodhisattva's descent from Tuṣita Heaven into his mother's womb.
Traditional biographies of Gautama generally include numerous miracles, omens, and supernatural events. The character of the Buddha in these traditional biographies is often that of a fully transcendent (Skt. lokottara) and perfected being who is unencumbered by the mundane world. In the Mahāvastu, over the course of many lives, Gautama is said to have developed supramundane abilities including: a painless birth conceived without intercourse; no need for sleep, food, medicine, or bathing, although engaging in such "in conformity with the world"; omniscience, and the ability to "suppress karma".[22] Nevertheless, some of the more ordinary details of his life have been gathered from these traditional sources. In modern times there has been an attempt to form a secular understanding of Siddhārtha Gautama's life by omitting the traditional supernatural elements of his early biographies.
The ancient Indians were generally unconcerned with chronologies, being more focused on philosophy. Buddhist texts reflect this tendency, providing a clearer picture of what Gautama may have taught than of the dates of the events in his life. These texts contain descriptions of the culture and daily life of ancient India which can be corroborated from the Jain scriptures, and make the Buddha's time the earliest period in Indian history for which significant accounts exist.[23][Full citation needed] British author Karen Armstrong writes that although there is very little information that can be considered historically sound, we can be reasonably confident that Siddhārtha Gautama did exist as a historical figure.[24] Michael Carrithers goes a bit further by stating that the most general outline of "birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death" must be true.[25]
Conception and birth[link]
Various sites have been identified as possible places of Gautama Buddha's birth. UNESCO lists Lumbini, Nepal as a world heritage site and birthplace of Gautama Buddha. There are other claims of Buddha's birth in Piprahwa in Uttar Pradesh, India; or Kapileswara in Orissa, India.[8][9][10][12][27][13][14][15]and raised in the small kingdom or principality of Kapilavastu.[28] According to the most traditional biography,[which?] the Buddha's father was King Śuddhodana, the leader of Shakya clan, whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha's lifetime; Gautama was the family name. His mother, Queen Maha Maya (Māyādevī) and Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess. Legend has it that, on the night Siddhartha was conceived, Queen Maya dreamt that a white elephant with six white tusks entered her right side,[29] and ten months later Siddhartha was born. As was the Shakya tradition, when his mother Queen Maya became pregnant, she left Kapilvastu for her father's kingdom to give birth. However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree.
The day of the Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in Theravada countries as Vesak.[30] Various sources hold that the Buddha's mother died at his birth, a few days or seven days later. The infant was given the name Siddhartha (Pāli: Siddhattha), meaning "he who achieves his aim". During the birth celebrations, the hermit seer Asita journeyed from his mountain abode and announced that the child would either become a great king (chakravartin) or a great holy man.[31] By traditional account,[which?] this occurred after Siddhartha placed his feet in Asita's hair and Asita examined the birthmarks. Suddhodana held a naming ceremony on the fifth day, and invited eight brahmin scholars to read the future. All gave a dual prediction that the baby would either become a great king or a great holy man.[31] Kaundinya (Pali: Kondañña), the youngest, and later to be the first arahant other than the Buddha, was reputed to be the only one who unequivocally predicted that Siddhartha would become a Buddha.[32]
While later tradition and legend characterized Śuddhodana as a hereditary monarch, the descendant of the Solar Dynasty of Ikṣvāku (Pāli: Okkāka), many scholars think that Śuddhodana was the elected chief of a tribal confederacy.
Early texts suggest that Gautama was not familiar with the dominant religious teachings of his time until he left on his religious quest, which is said to have been motivated by existential concern for the human condition.[33] At the time, many small city-states existed in Ancient India, called Janapadas. Republics and chiefdoms with diffused political power and limited social stratification, were not uncommon amongst them, and were referred to as gana-sanghas.[34] The Buddha's community does not seem to have had a caste system. It was not a monarchy, and seems to have been structured either as an oligarchy, or as a form of republic.[35] The more egalitarian gana-sangha form of government, as a political alternative to the strongly hierarchical kingdoms, may have influenced the development of the Shramana-type Jain and Buddhist sanghas, where monarchies tended toward Vedic Brahmanism.[36]
Early life and marriage[link]
Siddhartha was born in a royal Hindu Kshatriya family. He was brought up by his mother's younger sister, Maha Pajapati.[37] By tradition, he is said to have been destined by birth to the life of a prince, and had three palaces (for seasonal occupation) built for him. Although more recent scholarship doubts this status, his father, said to be King Śuddhodana, wishing for his son to be a great king, is said to have shielded him from religious teachings and from knowledge of human suffering.
When he reached the age of 16, his father reputedly arranged his marriage to a cousin of the same age named Yaśodharā (Pāli: Yasodharā). According to the traditional account,[which?] she gave birth to a son, named Rāhula. Siddhartha is then said to have spent 29 years as a prince in Kapilavastu. Although his father ensured that Siddhartha was provided with everything he could want or need, Buddhist scriptures say that the future Buddha felt that material wealth was not life's ultimate goal.[37]
Departure and ascetic life[link]
At the age of 29, the popular biography continues, Siddhartha left his palace to meet his subjects. Despite his father's efforts to hide from him the sick, aged and suffering, Siddhartha was said to have seen an old man. When his charioteer Channa explained to him that all people grew old, the prince went on further trips beyond the palace. On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic. These depressed him, and he initially strove to overcome ageing, sickness, and death by living the life of an ascetic.[39]
Accompanied by Channa and aboard his horse Kanthaka, Gautama quit his palace for the life of a mendicant. It's said that, "the horse's hooves were muffled by the gods"[40] to prevent guards from knowing of his departure.
Gautama initially went to Rajagaha and began his ascetic life by begging for alms in the street. After King Bimbisara's men recognised Siddhartha and the king learned of his quest, Bimisara offered Siddhartha the throne. Siddhartha rejected the offer, but promised to visit his kingdom of Magadha first, upon attaining enlightenment.
He left Rajagaha and practised under two hermit teachers. After mastering the teachings of Alara Kalama (Skr. Ārāḍa Kālāma), he was asked by Kalama to succeed him. However, Gautama felt unsatisfied by the practise, and moved on to become a student of Udaka Ramaputta (Skr. Udraka Rāmaputra). With him he achieved high levels of meditative consciousness, and was again asked to succeed his teacher. But, once more, he was not satisfied, and again moved on.[41]
Siddhartha and a group of five companions led by Kaundinya are then said to have set out to take their austerities even further. They tried to find enlightenment through deprivation of worldly goods, including food, practising self-mortification. After nearly starving himself to death by restricting his food intake to around a leaf or nut per day, he collapsed in a river while bathing and almost drowned. Siddhartha began to reconsider his path. Then, he remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the season's plowing. He attained a concentrated and focused state that was blissful and refreshing, the jhāna.
Enlightenment[link]
According to the early Buddhist texts,[42] after realizing that meditative jhana was the right path to awakening, but that extreme asceticism didn't work, Gautama discovered what Buddhists call the Middle Way[42]—a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification.[42] In a famous incident, after becoming starved and weakened, he is said to have accepted milk and rice pudding from a village girl named Sujata.[43] Such was his emaciated appearance that she wrongly believed him to be a spirit that had granted her a wish.[43]
Following this incident, Gautama was famously seated under a pipal tree—now known as the Bodhi tree—in Bodh Gaya, India, when he vowed never to arise until he had found the truth.[44] Kaundinya and four other companions, believing that he had abandoned his search and become undisciplined, left. After a reputed 49 days of meditation, at the age of 35, he is said to have attained Enlightenment.[44][45] According to some traditions, this occurred in approximately the fifth lunar month, while, according to others, it was in the twelfth month. From that time, Gautama was known to his followers as the Buddha or "Awakened One" ("Buddha" is also sometimes translated as "The Enlightened One"). He is often referred to in Buddhism as Shakyamuni Buddha, or "The Awakened One of the Shakya Clan."
According to Buddhism, at the time of his awakening he realized complete insight into the cause of suffering, and the steps necessary to eliminate it. These discoveries became known as the "Four Noble Truths",[45] which are at the heart of Buddhist teaching. Through mastery of these truths, a state of supreme liberation, or Nirvana, is believed to be possible for any being. The Buddha described Nirvāna as the perfect peace of a mind that's free from ignorance, greed, hatred and other afflictive states,[45] or "defilements" (kilesas). Nirvana is also regarded as the "end of the world", in that no personal identity or boundaries of the mind remain. In such a state, a being is said to possess the Ten Characteristics, belonging to every Buddha.
According to a story in the Āyācana Sutta (Samyutta Nikaya VI.1) — a scripture found in the Pāli and other canons — immediately after his awakening, the Buddha debated whether or not he should teach the Dharma to others. He was concerned that humans were so overpowered by ignorance, greed and hatred that they could never recognise the path, which is subtle, deep and hard to grasp. However, in the story, Brahmā Sahampati convinced him, arguing that at least some will understand it. The Buddha relented, and agreed to teach.
Formation of the sangha[link]
After his awakening, the Buddha met two merchants, named Tapussa and Bhallika, who became his first lay disciples. They were apparently each given hairs from his head, which are now claimed to be enshrined as relics in the Shwe Dagon Temple in Rangoon, Burma. The Buddha intended to visit Asita, and his former teachers, Alara Kalama and Udaka Ramaputta, to explain his findings, but they had already died.
He then travelled to the Deer Park near Vārāṇasī (Benares) in northern India, where he set in motion what Buddhists call the Wheel of Dharma by delivering his first sermon to the five companions with whom he had sought enlightenment. Together with him, they formed the first saṅgha: the company of Buddhist monks.
All five become arahants, and within the first two months, with the conversion of Yasa and fifty four of his friends, the number of such arahants is said to have grown to 60. The conversion of three brothers named Kassapa followed, with their reputed 200, 300 and 500 disciples, respectively. This swelled the sangha to more than 1,000.
Travels and teaching[link]
For the remaining 45 years of his life, the Buddha is said to have traveled in the Gangetic Plain, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and southern Nepal, teaching a diverse range of people: from nobles to outcaste street sweepers, murderers such as Angulimala, and cannibals such as Alavaka. From the outset, Buddhism was equally open to all races and classes, and had no caste structure, as was the rule in Hinduism. Although the Buddha's language remains unknown, it's likely that he taught in one or more of a variety of closely related Middle Indo-Aryan dialects, of which Pali may be a standardization.
The sangha traveled through the subcontinent, expounding the dharma. This continued throughout the year, except during the four months of the vassana rainy season when ascetics of all religions rarely traveled. One reason was that it was more difficult to do so without causing harm to animal life. At this time of year, the sangha would retreat to monasteries, public parks or forests, where people would come to them.
The first vassana was spent at Varanasi when the sangha was formed. After this, the Buddha kept a promise to travel to Rajagaha, capital of Magadha, to visit King Bimbisara. During this visit, Sariputta and Maudgalyayana were converted by Assaji, one of the first five disciples, after which they were to become the Buddha's two foremost followers. The Buddha spent the next three seasons at Veluvana Bamboo Grove monastery in Rajagaha, capital of Magadha.
Upon hearing of his son's awakening, Suddhodana sent, over a period, ten delegations to ask him to return to Kapilavastu. On the first nine occasions, the delegates failed to deliver the message, and instead joined the sangha to become arahants. The tenth delegation, led by Kaludayi, a childhood friend of Gautama's (who also became an arahant), however, delivered the message.
Now two years after his awakening, the Buddha agreed to return, and made a two-month journey by foot to Kapilavastu, teaching the dharma as he went. At his return, the royal palace prepared a midday meal, but the sangha was making an alms round in Kapilavastu. Hearing this, Suddhodana approached his son, the Buddha, saying:
"Ours is the warrior lineage of Mahamassata, and not a single warrior has gone seeking alms"
The Buddha is said to have replied:
"That is not the custom of your royal lineage. But it is the custom of my Buddha lineage. Several thousands of Buddhas have gone by seeking alms"
Buddhist texts say that Suddhodana invited the sangha into the palace for the meal, followed by a dharma talk. After this he is said to have become a sotapanna. During the visit, many members of the royal family joined the sangha. The Buddha's cousins Ananda and Anuruddha became two of his five chief disciples. At the age of seven, his son Rahula also joined, and became one of his ten chief disciples. His half-brother Nanda also joined and became an arahant.
Of the Buddha's disciples, Sariputta, Maudgalyayana, Mahakasyapa, Ananda and Anuruddha are believed to have been the five closest to him. His ten foremost disciples were reputedly completed by the quintet of Upali, Subhoti, Rahula, Mahakaccana and Punna.
In the fifth vassana, the Buddha was staying at Mahavana near Vesali when he heard news of the impending death of his father. He is said to have gone to Suddhodana and taught the dharma, after which his father became an arahant.
The king's death and cremation was to inspire the creation of an order of nuns. Buddhist texts record that the Buddha was reluctant to ordain women. His foster mother Maha Pajapati, for example, approached him, asking to join the sangha, but he refused. Maha Pajapati, however, was so intent on the path of awakening that she led a group of royal Sakyan and Koliyan ladies, which followed the sangha on a long journey to Rajagaha. In time, after Ananda championed their cause, the Buddha is said to have reconsidered and, five years after the formation of the sangha, agreed to the ordination of women as nuns. He reasoned that males and females had an equal capacity for awakening. But he gave women additional rules (Vinaya) to follow.
Assassination attempts[link]
According to colorful legends, even during the Buddha's life the sangha was not free of dissent and discord. For example, Devadatta, a cousin of Gautama who became a monk but not an arahant, more than once tried to kill him.
Initially, Devadatta is alleged to have often tried to undermine the Buddha. In one instance, according to stories, Devadatta even asked the Buddha to stand aside and let him lead the sangha. When this failed, he is accused of having three times tried to kill his teacher. The first attempt is said to have involved him hiring a group of archers to shoot the awakened one. But, upon meeting the Buddha, they laid down their bows and instead became followers. A second attempt is said to have involved Devadatta rolling a boulder down a hill. But this hit another rock and splintered, only grazing the Buddha's foot. In the third attempt, Devadatta is said to have got an elephant drunk and set it loose. This ruse also failed.
After his lack of success at homicide, Devadatta is said to have tried to create a schism in the sangha, by proposing extra restrictions on the vinaya. When the Buddha again prevailed, Devadatta started a breakaway order. At first, he managed to convert some of the bhikkhus, but Sariputta and Maudgalyayana are said to have expounded the dharma so effectively that they were won back.
Mahaparinirvana[link]
According to the Mahaparinibbana Sutta of the Pali canon, at the age of 80, the Buddha announced that he would soon reach Parinirvana, or the final deathless state, and abandon his earthly body. After this, the Buddha ate his last meal, which he had received as an offering from a blacksmith named Cunda. Falling violently ill, Buddha instructed his attendant Ānanda to convince Cunda that the meal eaten at his place had nothing to do with his passing and that his meal would be a source of the greatest merit as it provided the last meal for a Buddha.[46] Mettanando and von Hinüber argue that the Buddha died of mesenteric infarction, a symptom of old age, rather than food poisoning.[47] The precise contents of the Buddha's final meal are not clear, due to variant scriptural traditions and ambiguity over the translation of certain significant terms; the Theravada tradition generally believes that the Buddha was offered some kind of pork, while the Mahayana tradition believes that the Buddha consumed some sort of truffle or other mushroom. These may reflect the different traditional views on Buddhist vegetarianism and the precepts for monks and nuns.
Ananda protested the Buddha's decision to enter Parinirvana in the abandoned jungles of Kuśināra (present-day Kushinagar, India) of the Malla kingdom. Buddha, however, is said to have reminded Ananda how Kushinara was a land once ruled by a righteous wheel-turning king that resounded with joy:
44. Kusavati, Ananda, resounded unceasingly day and night with ten sounds—the trumpeting of elephants, the neighing of horses, the rattling of chariots, the beating of drums and tabours, music and song, cheers, the clapping of hands, and cries of "Eat, drink, and be merry!"
The Buddha then asked all the attendant Bhikkhus to clarify any doubts or questions they had. They had none. According to Buddhist scriptures, he then finally entered Parinirvana. The Buddha's final words are reported to have been: "All composite things pass away. Strive for your own liberation with diligence." His body was cremated and the relics were placed in monuments or stupas, some of which are believed to have survived until the present. For example, The Temple of the Tooth or "Dalada Maligawa" in Sri Lanka is the place where what some believe to be the relic of the right tooth of Buddha is kept at present.
According to the Pāli historical chronicles of Sri Lanka, the Dīpavaṃsa and Mahāvaṃsa, the coronation of Aśoka (Pāli: Asoka) is 218 years after the death of Buddha. According to two textual records in Chinese (十八部論 and 部執異論), the coronation of Aśoka is 116 years after the death of Buddha. Therefore, the time of Buddha's passing is either 486 BCE according to Theravāda record or 383 BCE according to Mahayana record. However, the actual date traditionally accepted as the date of the Buddha's death in Theravāda countries is 544 or 543 BCE, because the reign of Aśoka was traditionally reckoned to be about 60 years earlier than current estimates.
At his death, the Buddha is famously believed to have told his disciples to follow no leader. Mahakasyapa was chosen by the sangha to be the chairman of the First Buddhist Council, with the two chief disciples Maudgalyayana and Sariputta having died before the Buddha.
Physical characteristics[link]
Main article: Physical characteristics of the Buddha
An extensive and colorful physical description of the Buddha has been laid down in scriptures. A kshatriya by birth, he had military training in his upbringing, and by Shakyan tradition was required to pass tests to demonstrate his worthiness as a warrior in order to marry. He had a strong enough body to be noticed by one of the kings and was asked to join his army as a general. He is also believed by Buddhists to have "the 32 Signs of the Great Man".
The Brahmin Sonadanda described him as "handsome, good-looking, and pleasing to the eye, with a most beautiful complexion. He has a godlike form and countenance, he is by no means unattractive."(D,I:115).
"It is wonderful, truly marvellous, how serene is the good Gotama's appearance, how clear and radiant his complexion, just as the golden jujube in autumn is clear and radiant, just as a palm-tree fruit just loosened from the stalk is clear and radiant, just as an adornment of red gold wrought in a crucible by a skilled goldsmith, deftly beaten and laid on a yellow-cloth shines, blazes and glitters, even so, the good Gotama's senses are calmed, his complexion is clear and radiant." (A,I:181)
A disciple named Vakkali, who later became an arahant, was so obsessed by Buddha's physical presence that the Buddha is said to have felt impelled to tell him to desist, and to have reminded him that he should know the Buddha through the Dhamma and not through physical appearances.
Although there are no extant representations of the Buddha in human form until around the 1st century CE (see Buddhist art), descriptions of the physical characteristics of fully enlightened buddhas are attributed to the Buddha in the Digha Nikaya's Lakkhaṇa Sutta (D,I:142).[48] In addition, the Buddha's physical appearance is described by Yasodhara to their son Rahula upon the Buddha's first post-Enlightenment return to his former princely palace in the non-canonical Pali devotional hymn, Narasīha Gāthā ("The Lion of Men").[49]
Among the 32 main characteristics it is mentioned that Buddha has blue eyes.[50]
Teachings[link]
Main article: Buddhist philosophy
Some scholars believe that some portions of the Pali Canon and the Āgamas contain the actual substance of the historical teachings (and possibly even the words) of the Buddha.[51][52] Some scholars believe the Pali Canon and the Agamas pre-date the Mahāyāna sūtras.[53] The scriptural works of Early Buddhism precede the Mahayana works chronologically, and are treated by many Western scholars as the main credible source for information regarding the actual historical teachings of Gautama Buddha. However, some scholars do not think that the texts report on historical events.[54][dubious – discuss][55][56]
Some of the fundamentals of the teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha are:
- The Four Noble Truths: that suffering is an ingrained part of existence; that the origin of suffering is craving for sensuality, acquisition of identity, and annihilation; that suffering can be ended; and that following the Noble Eightfold Path is the means to accomplish this.
- The Noble Eightfold Path: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
- Dependent origination: the mind creates suffering as a natural product of a complex process.
- Rejection of the infallibility of accepted scripture: Teachings should not be accepted unless they are borne out by our experience and are praised by the wise. See the Kalama Sutta for details.
- Anicca (Sanskrit: anitya): That all things that come to be have an end.
- Dukkha (Sanskrit: duḥkha): That nothing which comes to be is ultimately satisfying.
- Anattā (Sanskrit: anātman): That nothing in the realm of experience can really be said to be "I" or "mine".
- Nibbāna (Sanskrit: Nirvāna): It is possible for sentient beings to realize a dimension of awareness which is totally unconstructed and peaceful, and end all suffering due to the mind's interaction with the conditioned world.
However, in some Mahayana schools, these points have come to be regarded as more or less subsidiary. There is disagreement amongst various schools of Buddhism over more complex aspects of what the Buddha is believed to have taught, and also over some of the disciplinary rules for monks.
According to tradition, the Buddha emphasized ethics and correct understanding. He questioned everyday notions of divinity and salvation. He stated that there is no intermediary between mankind and the divine; distant gods are subjected to karma themselves in decaying heavens; and the Buddha is only a guide and teacher for beings who must tread the path of Nirvāṇa (Pāli: Nibbāna) themselves to attain the spiritual awakening called bodhi and understand reality. The Buddhist system of insight and meditation practice is not claimed to have been divinely revealed, but to spring from an understanding of the true nature of the mind, which must be discovered by treading the path guided by the Buddha's teachings.
Other religions[link]
Main article: Gautama Buddha in world religions
In Hinduism, Gautama is regarded as one of the ten avatars of God Vishnu. Some Hindu texts say that the Buddha was an avatar of the god Vishnu.[26]
The Buddha is also regarded as a prophet by the Ahmadiyyas[57][58][59] and a Manifestation of God in the Bahá'í faith.[60] Some early Chinese Taoist-Buddhists thought the Buddha to be a reincarnation of Lao Tzu.[61]
The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the life of the Buddha. The name comes from the Sanskrit Bodhisatva via Arabic Būdhasaf and Georgian Iodasaph.[62] The only story in which St. Josaphat appears, Barlaam and Josaphat, is based on the life of the Buddha.[63] Josaphat was included in earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology (feast day 27 November) — though not in the Roman Missal — and in the Eastern Orthodox Church liturgical calendar (26 August).
Depiction in arts and media[link]
- Films
Main article: Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film
- Little Buddha, a 1994 film by Bernardo Bertolucci
- Prem Sanyas, a 1925 silent film, directed by Franz Osten and Himansu Rai
- Books
- The Light of Asia, an 1879 book by Edwin Arnold
- Siddhartha (novel), a 1922 book by Hermann Hesse
See also[link]
- Atamasthana (eight sacred places in Sri Lanka)
- Bodh Gaya
- Buddha as viewed in other religions
- Buddha as an Avatar of Vishnu
- Buddhahood
- History of Buddhism
- Iconography of the Buddha
- Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, south branch of original fig tree planted in Anuradhapura
- List of the 28 Buddhas
- Maitreya Buddha (future Buddha)
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Turner, Sir Ralph Lilley (1962–1985). "buddha 9276". A comparative dictionary of the Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press. Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. p. 525. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/contextualize.pl?p.2.soas.1976481. Retrieved 22 February 2010. "Hypothetical root budh "perceive" 1. Pali buddha – "understood, enlightened", masculine "the Buddha"; Aśokan (the language of the Inscriptions of Aśoka) Budhe nominative singular; Prakrit buddha – ‘ known, awakened ’; Waigalī būdāī, "truth"; Bashkarīk budh "he heard"; Tōrwālī būdo preterite of bū, "to see, know" from bṓdhati; Phalūṛa búddo preterite of buǰǰ , "to understand" from búdhyatē; Shina Gilgitī dialect budo, "awake"; Gurēsī dialect budyōnṷ intransitive "to wake"; Kashmiri bọ̆du, "quick of understanding (especially of a child)"; Sindhī ḇudho, past participle (passive) of ḇujhaṇu, "to understand" from búdhyatē, West Pahāṛī buddhā, preterite of bujṇā, "to know"; Sinhalese buj (j written for d), budu, bud, but, "the Buddha"."
- References
- ^ a b c "Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
- ^ Boeree, George. "An Introduction to Buddhism". Shippensburg University. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/buddhaintro.html. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
- ^ Laumakis, Stephen. An Introduction to Buddhist philosophy. 2008. p. 4
- ^ L. S. Cousins (1996), "The dating of the historical Buddha: a review article", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (3)6(1): 57–63.
- ^ See the consensus in the essays by leading scholars in The Date of the Historical Śākyamuni Buddha (2003) Edited by A. K. Narain. B. R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. ISBN 81-7646-353-1.
- ^ "If, as is now almost universally accepted by informed Indological scholarship, a re-examination of early Buddhist historical material, ..., necessitates a redating of the Buddha's death to between 411 and 400 BCE...." —Paul Dundas, The Jains, 2nd edition, (Routledge, 2001), p. 24.
- ^ The Astamahapratiharya: Buddhist pilgrimage sites - Victoria and Albert Museum
- ^ a b "Kapilavastu". http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
- ^ a b Was the Buddha born in Orissa?
- ^ a b rediff.com: Was the Buddha born in Orissa?
- ^ Sri Lanka Guardian: Buddha born in Orissa: Scholars
- ^ a b http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-3.pdf
- ^ a b Mahāpātra, Cakradhara (1977). The real birth place of Buddha. Grantha Mandir. pp. 135. http://books.google.com/books?id=1sAKAAAAYAAJ&q=The+Real+Birthplace+of+Buddha+orissa&dq=The+Real+Birthplace+of+Buddha+orissa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L5uWT9uxBcTorAev-_3SDQ&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA.
- ^ a b The Orissa historical research journal: Volume 47. Supt. of Research and Museum. 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=xSduAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Real+Birthplace+of+Buddha+orissa&dq=The+Real+Birthplace+of+Buddha+orissa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L5uWT9uxBcTorAev-_3SDQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAQ.
- ^ a b Nakamura, Hajime (1980). Indian Buddhism: a survey with bibliographical notes. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 423. ISBN 978-81-208-0272-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=w0A7y4TCeVQC&pg=PA345&dq=The+Real+Birthplace+of+Buddha+orissa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L5uWT9uxBcTorAev-_3SDQ&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAg.
- ^ Warder, A.K. Indian Buddhism. 2000. p. 45
- ^ Skilton, Andrew. A Concise History of Buddhism. 2004. p. 41
- ^ a b Fowler, Mark. Zen Buddhism: beliefs and practices. Sussex Academic Press. 2005. p. 32
- ^ a b Karetzky, Patricia. Early Buddhist Narrative Art. 2000. p. xxi
- ^ Swearer, Donald. Becoming the Buddha. 2004. p. 177
- ^ Schober, Juliane. Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia. Motilal Banarsidass. 2002. p. 20
- ^ Jones, J.J. The Mahāvastu (3 vols.) in Sacred Books of the Buddhists. London: Luzac & Co. 1949–56.
- ^ Carrithers, page 15.
- ^ Armstrong, Karen (2000). Buddha. Orion. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-7538-1340-9.
- ^ Carrithers, M. 2001. The Buddha: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Nagendra Kumar Singh (1997). "Buddha as depicted in the Purāṇas". Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, Volume 7. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.. pp. 260–275. ISBN 978-81-7488-168-7. http://books.google.com/?id=UG9-HZ5icQ4C&pg=PA260. Retrieved 2012-04-16 . List of Hindu scripture that declares Gautama Buddha as 9th Avatar of Vishnu as as follows [Harivamsha (1.41) Vishnu Purana (3.18) Bhagavata Purana (1.3.24, 2.7.37, 11.4.23 Bhagavata Purana 1.3.24 Bhagavata Purana 1.3.24, Garuda Purana (1.1, 2.30.37, 3.15.26) Agni Purana (160.Narada Purana (2.72)Linga Purana (2.71) Padma Purana (3.252) etc. Bhagavata Purana, Canto 1, Chapter 3 - SB 1.3.24: "Then, in the beginning of Kali-yuga, the Lord will appear as Lord Buddha, the son of Anjana, in the province of Gaya, just for the purpose of deluding those who are envious of the faithful theist." ... The Bhavishya Purana contains the following: "At this time, reminded of the Kali Age, the god Vishnu became born as Gautama, the Shakyamuni, and taught the Buddhist dharma for ten years. Then Shuddodana ruled for twenty years, and Shakyasimha for twenty. At the first stage of the Kali Age, the path of the Vedas was destroyed and all men became Buddhists. Those who sought refuge with Vishnu were deluded." Found in Wendy O'Flaherty, Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. University of California Press, 1976, page 203. Note also SB 1.3.28: "All of the above-mentioned incarnations [avatars] are either plenary portions or portions of the plenary portions of the Lord [Krishna or Vishnu]"
- ^ "Buddhanet.net". Buddhanet.net. http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lumbini.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "UNESCO.org". Whc.unesco.org. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Sacred-texts.com". Sacred-texts.com. http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/lob/lob04.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Turpie, D. 2001. Wesak And The Re-Creation of Buddhist Tradition. Master's Thesis. Montreal, Quebec: McGill University. (p. 3). Available from: Mcgill.ca. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
- ^ a b Narada (1992). A Manual of Buddhism. Buddha Educational Foundation. p. 9–12. ISBN 967-9920-58-5.
- ^ Narada (1992), p11-12
- ^ Sue Hamilton, Early Buddhism: A New Approach: The I of the Beholder. Routledge 2000, page 47.
- ^ Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India: From Origins to AD 1300. Penguin Books, 2002, page 137.
- ^ Richard Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, pages 49-50.
- ^ Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India: From Origins to AD 1300. Penguin Books, 2002, page 146.
- ^ a b Narada (1992), p14
- ^ Guimet.fr[dead link]
- ^ Conze (1959), pp39-40
- ^ Narada (1992), pp15-16
- ^ Narada (1992), pp19-20
- ^ a b c Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion
- ^ a b The Golden Bowl
- ^ a b Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang (2007). Introduction to Buddhism An Explanation of the Buddhist Way of Life. Tharpa. pp. 8–9. ISBN 978-0-9789067-7-1.
- ^ a b c The Basic Teaching of Buddha
- ^ Maha-parinibbana Sutta (DN 16), verse 56
- ^ Mettanando Bhikkhu and Oskar von Hinueber, "The Cause of the Buddha's Death"; Vol. XXVI of the Journal of the Pali Text Society, 2000. See also this article by Mettanando saying the same thing: Buddhanet.net.
- ^ Maurice Walshe, The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, 1995, Boston: Wisdom Publications, "[DN] 30: Lakkhaṇa Sutta: The Marks of a Great Man," pp. 441-60.
- ^ Ven. Elgiriye Indaratana Maha Thera, Vandana: The Album of Pali Devotional Chanting and Hymns, 2002, pp. 49-52, retrieved 2007-11-08 from Buddhanet.net
- ^ Epstein, Ronald. Buddhist Text Translation Society's Buddhism A to Z. 2003. p. 200
- ^ It is therefore possible that much of what is found in the Suttapitaka is earlier than c.250 B.C., perhaps even more than 100 years older than this. If some of the material is so old, it might be possible to establish what texts go back to the very beginning of Buddhism, texts which perhaps include the substance of the Buddha’s teaching, and in some cases, maybe even his words. How old is the Suttapitaka? Alexander Wynne, St John’s College, 2003, p.22 (this article is available on the website of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies: [www.ocbs.org/research/Wynne.pdf]
- ^ It would be hypocritical to assert that nothing can be said about the doctrine of earliest Buddhism ... the basic ideas of Buddhism found in the canonical writings could very well have been proclaimed by him [the Buddha], transmitted and developed by his disciples and, finally, codified in fixed formulas. J.W. De Jong, 1993: The Beginnings of Buddhism, in The Eastern Buddhist, vol. 26, no. 2, p. 25
- ^ The Mahayana movement claims to have been founded by the Buddha himself. The consensus of the evidence, however, is that it originated in South India in the 1st century CE–Indian Buddhism, AK Warder, 3rd edition, 1999, p. 335.
- ^ Bareau, André, Les récits canoniques des funérailles du Buddha et leurs anomalies : nouvel essai d'interprétation, BEFEO, t. LXII, Paris, 1975, pp.151-189.
- ^ Bareau, André, La composition et les étapes de la formation progressive du Mahaparinirvanasutra ancien, BEFEO, t. LXVI, Paris, 1979, pp. 45-103.
- ^ Shimoda, Masahiro, How has the Lotus Sutra Created Social Movements: The Relationship of the Lotus Sutra to the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra, in A Buddhist Kaleidoscope, (pp320-22) Ed Gene Reves, Kosei 2002
- ^ Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat Retrieved on February 2011
- ^ "Buddhism". Islam International Publications. http://www.alislam.org/library/books/revelation/part_2_section_2.html. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- ^ "An Overview". Alislam. http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
- ^ Smith, Peter (2000). "Manifestations of God". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 231. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.
- ^ The Cambridge History of China, Vol.1, (The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC—220 BC) ISBN 0-521-24327-0 hardback
- ^ Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony (1900). "
Sanskrit Literature and the West.". A History of Sanskrit Literature. New York: D. Appleton and Co.. p. 420. - ^ "Barlaam and Josaphat". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
Further reading[link]
- Ambedkar, B.R. (1957). The Buddha and His Dhamma. Bombay: People's Education Society.
- Armstrong, Karen (2001). Buddha. New York: Penguin Books.
- Bechert, Heinz, ed. (1996). When Did the Buddha Live? The Controversy on the Dating of the Historical Buddha. Delhi: Sri Satguru.
- Conze, Edward, trans. (1959). Buddhist Scriptures. London: Penguin Books.
- Ñāṇamoli, Bhikku (1992). The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon (3rd ed.). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society.
- Ortner, Jon (2003). Buddha. New York: Welcome Books.
- Rahula, Walpola (1974). What the Buddha Taught (2nd ed.). New York: Grove Press.
- Reps, Paul; Senzaki, Nyogen (1957). Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings. New York: Doubleday.
- Robinson, Richard H.; Johnson, Willard L.; Wawrytko, Sandra A.; DeGraff, Geoffrey (1996). The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co..
- Sathe, Shriram (1987). Dates of the Buddha. Hyderabad: Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti.
- Senzaki, Nyogen; McCandless, Ruth Strout (1953). Buddhism and Zen. New York: Philosophical Library.
External links[link]
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- Buddha on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
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| Preceded by Kassapa Buddha |
Buddhist Patriarch | Succeeded by Mahākāśyapa |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gautama Buddha |
| Alternative names | Siddhārtha Gautama (birth name); Siddhattha Gotama (Pali); Śākya-muni (honorific); Sakyamuni (honorific); Tathāgata (honorific) |
| Short description | Founder of Buddhism |
| Date of birth | c. 563 BCE |
| Place of birth | Lumbini, Nepal |
| Date of death | c. 483 BCE |
| Place of death | Kusinagara, India |
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http://es.wn.com/Buda Gautama
http://ru.wn.com/Будда Шакьямуни
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Wikiversity has learning materials about Prahlad Jani |
Prahlad Jani, also known as "Mataji", is an Indian sadhu (born Chunriwala Mataji, August 13, 1929 in Charada, Mehsana district). He claims to have lived without food and water since 1940, and says that the goddess Amba sustains him.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born with the name Chunriwala Mataji, Jani grew up in Charada village in Mehsana district.[1] According to Jani, he left his home in Rajasthan at the age of seven, and went to live in the jungle.[2]
At the age of 11, Jani underwent a religious experience and became a follower of the Hindu goddess Amba. From that time, he had chosen to dress as a female devotee of Amba, wearing a red sari-like garment, jewellery and crimson flowers in his shoulder-length hair.[2] Jani is commonly known as Mataji ("[a manifestation of] The Great Mother"). Jani believes that the goddess provides him a liquid sustenance[2] or water, which drops down through a hole in his palate, allowing him to live without food or water.[1]
Since the 1970s, Jani has been living as a hermit in a cave in the rainforest near to the Gujarati temple of Ambaji, awakening at 4am each day and spending most of his time meditating.[2]
Investigations[link]
Two observation studies of Jani have been conducted, one in 2003 and one in 2010, both involving Sudhir Shah, a neurologist at the Sterling Hospitals in Ahmedabad, India, who studies people claiming exceptional spiritual abilities (see Hira Ratan Manek). In 2010, the study was led by Dr. G Ilavazhagan of DIPAS, DRDO, and a panel of specialists from different medical disciplines.[2][3] In both cases the investigators confirmed Jani's ability to survive healthily without food and water during the testing periods, although as of 2010, none of Shah's investigations into such abilities had been discussed in a scientific journal.[4] When questioned six days into the 2010 experiment, the DRDO spokesperson announced that the study's findings would be "confidential" until results were established,[5] and a further official press release by the team stated that any inside analysis information may be disclosed only at the discretion of the principal investigator, DIPAS.[citation needed] Uninvolved doctors and other critics have questioned the validity of the studies[2][6][7] and observed that although people can survive for days without food or water, it is not possible to survive for years.[7]
2003 tests[link]
In 2003, Sudhir Shah and other physicians at Sterling Hospitals, Ahmedabad, India observed Jani for ten days. He stayed in a sealed room and was given only 100 milliliters of water to use as mouthwash each day. Doctors say that he passed no urine or stool during the observation, but that urine appeared to form in the bladder.[1] A hospital spokesperson said that Jani was physically normal, but noted that a hole in the palate was an abnormal condition.[1] The fact that Jani's weight dropped slightly during the 10 days has cast some doubt on his claim to go indefinitely without food.[8]
2010 tests[link]
From April 22 until May 6, 2010, Prahlad Jani was again observed and tested by Sudhir Shah and a team of 35 researchers from the Indian Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), as well as other organizations.[9][10] The director of DIPAS said that the results of the observations could "tremendously benefit mankind", as well as "soldiers, victims of calamities and astronauts", all of whom may have to survive without food or water for long spells.[11] The tests were again conducted at Sterling Hospitals.[12] Professor Anil Gupta of SRISTI,[13] involved in monitoring the tests, described the team as being "intrigued" by Jani's kriyas apparently allowing him to control his body's physiological functions.[14]
The team studied Jani with daily clinical examinations, blood tests, and scans. Round-the-clock surveillance was reportedly followed using multiple CCTV cameras and personal observation. The researchers say that Jani was taken out of the sealed room for tests and exposure to sun under continuous video recording.[15] According to the researchers, Jani's only contact with any form of fluid was said to be during gargling and occasional bathing starting from the 5th day of observation, and the toilet in Jani's room was sealed to test his claim that he did not need to urinate or defecate.[2]
After fifteen days of observation during which he reportedly did not eat, drink or go to the toilet, all medical tests on Jani were reported as normal[15] and researchers described him as being in better health than someone half his age.[2] The doctors reported that although the amount of liquid in Jani's bladder fluctuated and that Jani appeared "able to generate urine in his bladder",[14] he did not pass urine. Based on Jani's reported levels of leptin and ghrelin, two appetite-related hormones, DRDO researchers posited that Jani may be demonstrating an extreme form of adaptation to starvation and water restriction.[16]
In an update, DIPAS has stated that further studies are being conducted to get answers to questions such as how metabolic waste material is eliminated from his body, from where he gets his energy for sustenance, and how he maintains his hydration status.[17]
It has been declared that further observations of Jani are planned.[18][19]
Reactions[link]
Dr. Michael Van Rooyen, director of the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, dismissed the observation results as "impossible", observing that the bodies of profoundly malnourished people quickly consume their own body's resources, resulting in liver failure, tachycardia and heart strain. A spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association remarked that the human body could survive on water alone, although not healthily, and that a person could not expect to meet their body's vitamin and mineral requirements without ingesting food.[6] Nutrition researcher Peter Clifton also disagrees with study results. He accused the research team of "cheating" by allowing Jani to gargle and bathe, stating that a human of average weight would die after "15 to 20 days" without water.[7] People who avoid food and water to emulate mystical figures often die.[7] Sanal Edamaruku characterized the experiment as a farce for allowing Jani to move out of the CCTV cameras' field of view, claiming that video footage showed Jani was allowed to receive devotees and to leave the sealed test room for sunbathing. Edamaruku also said that the gargling and bathing activities were insufficiently monitored, and that he was denied access to the site where the tests were conducted in both 2003 and 2010.[4] He accuses Jani of having "influential protectors" responsible for denying Edamaruku permission to inspect the project during its operation, despite having been invited to join the test during a live television broadcast.[4] The Indian Rationalist Association stated that individuals making similar claims in the past have been exposed as frauds.[2]
In September 2010, Dr Shah announced that scientists from Austria and Germany had offered to visit India to carry out further research on Jani, and scientists from the United States had also offered to join the research. Jani has expressed interest in cooperating in further investigations.[20]
Television, video and public appearances[link]
In 2006, The Discovery Channel aired a documentary called "The Boy with Divine Powers" featuring a five minute interview with Jani and Shah.[21] In 2010, the Independent Television Network (ITN) posted an article and video featuring Prahlad Jani, commenting on the 2010 tests.[22] In 2010 Prahlad Jani was featured in an Austrian documentary "Am Anfang war das Licht" (English title In the Beginning There Was Light).[23][24]
In October 2010, the Italian television station Rai 2 broadcast a program named "Voyager" which presented an extensive report on Prahlad Jani and the tests.[25][26]
As reported by DNA India, on 18th October 2011 Jani was a param pujya (master of ceremony) in a large shobha yatra performed near Gandhinagar (1000 paaths of goddess Durga were chanted).[27]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Rajeev Khanna (2003-11-25). "BBC NEWS". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3236118.stm. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Rawstorne, Tom (7 May 2010). "The man who says he hasn't eaten or drunk for 70 years: Why are eminent doctors taking him seriously?". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1274779/The-man-says-eaten-drunk-70-years-Why-eminent-doctors-taking-seriously.html?ito=feeds-newsxml.
- ^ "Defence study on ascetic’s claim of surviving on air". Thaindian.com. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/defence-study-on-ascetics-claim-of-surviving-on-air_100354820.html. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ a b c Edamaruku, Sanal (2010-05-18). "India's man who lives on sunshine". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2010/may/18/prahlad-jani-india-sunshine. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
- ^ "DRDO watching man who hasn’t eaten ‘in 70 yrs’". Indianexpress.com. 2010-04-28. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/drdo-watching-man-who-hasnt-eaten-in-70-yrs/612181/1. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
- ^ a b "Scientists Baffled by Prahlad Jani, Man Who Doesn't Eat or Drink". Abcnews.go.com. 2010-06-01. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/International/man-eat-drink/story?id=10787036. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ a b c d "Yogi beaten by bear necessities of life without food" Glenda Kwek, May 14, 2010, Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, Australia.
- ^ Nelson, Dean (28 April 2010). "Man claims to have had no food or drink for 70 years". Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/7645857/Man-claims-to-have-had-no-food-or-drink-for-70-years.html. Retrieved 11 November 2010.
- ^ Mirror, Ahmedabad. "Man who lives on air undergoes defence tests". Ahmedabadmirror.com. http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article§id=3&contentid=201004272010042703191596a47ffb68. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ "Hermit Claims 70 Years Survival Without Food". Wusa9.com. http://www.wusa9.com/news/watercooler/story.aspx?storyid=100671&catid=148. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ "Yogi sans food gives medical fraternity food for thought". Dnaindia.com. 2010-04-27. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_yogi-sans-food-gives-medical-fraternity-food-for-thought_1376062. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- ^ "Prahlad Jani Breaks a Record,No Food & Water for 74 years". Kerala365.com. 2010-04-28. http://www.kerala365.com/political-news-events/prahlad-jani-breaks-a-recordno-food-water-for-74-years-prahlad-janiabout-prahlad-jani/. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ SRISTI. "SRISTI official site". Sristi.org. http://www.sristi.org/cms/. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ a b "Man survives without food, water for 65 yrs - India News - IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 2010-02-03. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/man-survives-without-food-water-for-65-yrs/114188-3.html. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
- ^ a b "Experts baffled as Mataji's medical reports are normal". Dnaindia.com. 2010-05-07. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_experts-baffled-as-mataji-s-medical-reports-are-normal_1380169. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ Radha Sharma, TNN, Jul 17, 2010, 05.41am IST (2010-07-17). "Fast-hungry Mataji's claim endorsed". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Fast-hungry-Matajis-claim-endorsed/articleshow/6178910.cms. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ "Study proves Gujarat man's claim of living without food, water". Dnaindia.com. 2010-07-17. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_study-proves-gujarat-man-s-claim-of-living-without-food-water_1411144. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ Manas Dasgupta (2010-05-09). "DIPAS concludes observational study on ‘Mataji'". Thehindu.com. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article425184.ece. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ "Tests on Gujarat’s miracle Yogi concludes,researchers amazed!". Deshgujarat.com. 2010-05-06. http://deshgujarat.com/2010/05/06/15-day-test-on-gujarats-miracle-yogi-concludes-researchers-amazed/. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ "Mataji to go under international scanner". In.com. http://www.in.com/news/entertainment-news/fullstory-mataji-to-go-under-international-scanner-15445517-e330bd64a855cf806fa9ecff9dd67ea82272f255-rhp.html. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ "The Boy with Divine Powers". Discovery Channel. 2006. http://www.archive.org/details/TheBoyWithDivinePowers. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ Indian hermit stuns doctors surviving without food http://itn.co.uk/a91d4f3a764a424d652db8d5d4b8661d.html
- ^ "Am Anfang war das Licht". Kino-zeit.de. 2010-10-28. http://www.kino-zeit.de/filme/am-anfang-war-das-licht. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
- ^ "Am Anfang war das Licht". Dw-world.de. 2010-10-29. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,6162096,00.html. Retrieved 2010-11-09.
- ^ "L'uomo che non mangia e non beve". Rai.it. http://www.rai.it/dl/portali/site/puntata/ContentItem-82ec14c6-f0c2-4548-83d7-09ea99d1dea2.html. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Programmi-e-ascolti-Tv/2010/10/13/VOYAGER-Anticipazioni-stasera-13-ottobre-2010-In-questa-puntata-Prahlad-Jani-l-uomo-che-non-mangia-e-beve-mai-21-05-Rai-Due/119435/ VOYAGER/ Anticipazioni stasera 13 ottobre 2010. In questa puntata Prahlad Jani l’uomo che non mangia e beve mai.
- ^ http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_chandi-yagna-performed-near-gandhinagar_1600851 Chandi yagna performed near Gandhinagar
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jani, Prahlad |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1929-08-13 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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http://pt.wn.com/Prahlad Jani
http://de.wn.com/Prahlad Jani
http://it.wn.com/Prahlad Jani
http://es.wn.com/Prahlad Jani
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahlad_Jani
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
