G6 members

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The G6 (Group of Six) in the European Union is an unofficial group of the interior ministers of the six European Union member states – Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Poland – with the largest populations and so with the majority of votes in the Council of the European Union. The G6 was established in 2003 as G5 to deal with immigration, terrorism and law and order.^[1][2] In 2006, Poland joined the group, making it the G6.

Under the third pillar of the EU, Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters, powers are largely intergovernmental; this is the one EU policy area where there is no Commission monopoly on proposing law.^[3] In other policy areas, the Commission can usually create balance among the states, but in this one, the G6 has a great deal of influence over the Commission.

Nicolas Sarkozy has called on the G6 to lead the Union following the dilution of the Franco-German motor after the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.^[4] The lack of transparency and accountability of the G6 has been criticised by a number of figures, notably by a report by the UK's House of Lords.^[5]

See also[link]

• Council of the European Union
• Democratic deficit in the European Union
• European Commission
• EU Inner Six
• EU three
• Intergovernmentalism
• List of European Union member states by population
• Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters
• Voting in the Council of the European Union
• World Group of Six

References[link]

This article about the European Union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Raul Santos Seixas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʁaˈuɫ ˈsejʃɐs]; June 28, 1945 Salvador Northeast Brazil – August 21, 1989),^[1] was a Brazilian rock composer, singer, songwriter and producer. He is sometimes called the "Father of Brazilian Rock" and "Maluco Beleza". He was born in Salvador (Bahia), Brazil, and died of pancreatitis in São Paulo. Every year on Seixas' birthday, legions of fans, including hundreds of impersonators (many even changing their last name to Seixas as a sign of idolatry), throw a parade in his honor in downtown São Paulo^[1].

His body of work consists of 21 albums released along his 26-year career. His musical style is mostly rock and ballad, although he wrote songs in many different styles, including variations of styles typical of his native Northeastern Brazil like Forró and Baião, and in fact often used more than one style in the same song, as in "Let Me Sing, Let Me Sing". His debut album, Raulzito e Os Panteras (1968), was produced when he was part of a band of the same name. However, he only gained prominence and critical audience with songs from the album Krig-Há, Bandolo! (1973), such as "Ouro de Tolo" ("Fool's Gold"), "Mosca na Sopa" ("Fly in the Soup"), and "Metamorfose Ambulante" ("Walking Metamorphosis"). Raul Seixas developed a unique musical style that emphasized the maverick and the mystic. His album Gita (1974), influenced by figures such as Aleister Crowley, expresses his views very directly.

Many songs in Gita were co-written with his frequent collaborator, then fellow mystic, and future worldwide bestselling author Paulo Coelho. Raul was interested in philosophy (especially metaphysics and ontology), psychology, history, literature and Latin. In October 2008, nineteen years after his death, Raul Seixas was placed in 19th position in a List of One Hundred Greatest Artists of Brazilian music sponsored by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone magazine^[2], topping the likes of Milton Nascimento, Maria Bethania, Heitor Villa-Lobos and others, demonstrating the influence that Seixas' music continues to hold today.

Biography[link]

Raul Santos Seixas was born at 8 am on June 28, 1945 in a middle class family who lived at Avenida Sete de Setembro, Salvador in Bahia. As a child living near the United States consulate in Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia he became fluent in the English language, and was introduced to early rock and roll records of artists like Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley through his contacts with American diplomats' children around 1956. Elvis's music in particular was influential in young Raul's decision to become a musician. At the age of twelve Seixas formed his first group, The Panthers, later changing their name to the Portuguese language Raulzito e os Panteras ("Little Raul and The Panthers"). They appeared on TV Salvador doing covers of Lewis, Little Richard and Elvis, a style of music which was at the time called "cowboy music" in Brazil. They were also the first group in the state of Bahia to play Beatles covers and grow their hair long, as early as 1964.

In the mid-1960s, Os Panteras, already well known as the best rock group in the region^{[citation needed]}, started backing some of Brazil's most famous pop singers of the time, such as Roberto Carlos and Jerry Adriani whenever they went to Salvador. Impressed with their talent, the stars would always advise Raul to move down south and take a chance in the thriving Jovem Guarda scene.^[1]

Following the promises of fame and fortune, the band moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1967. In the following year they released their first and only album on the Odeon label (later EMI-Odeon), which included a Portuguese language version of the Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds among many original numbers. Without any publicity, the record sunk and the band disbanded.Raul Seixas was totally shaken by the failure of the Panthers, and his return to Salvador. He wrote: "I spent all day locked in his room reading philosophy, with only a feeble light well, which I ended up spoiling the view [...] I bought a motorcycle and do crazy things in the street."

After his former bandmates moved back to Salvador, Raul made a living as an English teacher before being hired by CBS, still in 1968, as creative director and record producer. In 1971, tired of writing and producing records by bland, commercial artists, he took advantage of a label director's vacations and produced Sociedade da Grã-Ordem Kavernista Apresenta Sessão das Dez, an avant-garde album featuring himself, singer Sergio Sampaio, samba artist Miriam Batucada and Edy Star. The record's mix of Tropicalia, rock and roll and anarchic surrealistic experiments launched Raul Seixas as an icon of Brazilian counterculture.

In the 1970s, Seixas became popular in urban centers such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Music broadcast on TV and radio was satirical, sarcastic with esoteric themes. References to a wide range of historical and fictional personalities are found within his lyrics: Al Capone, Jesus, Julius Caesar and Shakespeare, for example. Seixas was subject to censorship during Brazil's period of military dictatorship. Like the music of his contemporaries such as Chico Buarque and others, Seixas's lyrics hide political messages within double meanings.

1971 also saw the beginning of a relationship with esoteric author Paulo Coelho, beginning with Krig-Há-Bandolo in 1973. Through Coelho, Seixas was introduced to the work of controversial English mystic Aleister Crowley, which influenced their collaboration. The influence extended not only to music, but also to plans for the creation of the "Alternative Society," which was to be an anarchist community in the state of Minas Gerais based on Crowley's premise: "'Do what thou wilt' shall be the whole of the Law." The project was considered subversive by members of the Brazilian military, which imprisoned all prospective members of the group. Seixas and Coelho are reported to have been tortured during their imprisonment.

Seixas got into self-exiling himself in the United States following the presumed detention by government repressive agents, where his American wife of the time was living. (Seixas was married five times.)^[1] He would later claim that during his exile he had met his childhood heroes John Lennon and Jerry Lee Lewis, although this claim has been disputed.

Perhaps as a result of his drug addiction and alcoholism, the rate and quality of Seixas' releases slowed through the late-1970s and throughout the 1980s. In later life Seixas suffered from diabetes and pancreatitis. On 21 August 1989 Seixas died of cardiac arrest, the result of acute pancreatitis brought on by his diabetes and not having taken insulin the night before.^[1] His final album, A Panela do Diabo, a partnership with fellow Bahian rocker Marcelo Nova (former leader of punk rock band Camisa de Vênus) was released two days before his death.

It is very common to hear people screaming "Toca Raul!" (Play Raul!) in the middle of concerts, regardless of the artist or genre, just like the requests for Free Bird.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1968 - Raulzito e os Panteras
• 1971 - Sociedade da Grã-Ordem Kavernista Apresenta Sessão das 10 (with Sérgio Sampaio, Míriam Batucada and Edy Star)
• 1973 - Os 24 Maiores Sucessos da Era do Rock
• 1973 - Krig-ha, Bandolo!
• 1974 - O Rebu (Original soundtrack - Raul Seixas & Paulo Coelho)
• 1974 - Gita
• 1975 - 20 Anos de Rock (Reissue of Os 24 Maiores Sucessos da Era do Rock)
• 1975 - Novo Aeon
• 1976 - Há 10 Mil Anos Atrás
• 1977 - Raul Rock Seixas
• 1977 - O Dia em que a Terra Parou
• 1978 - Mata Virgem
• 1979 - Por Quem Os Sinos Dobram
• 1980 - Abre-Te Sésamo
• 1983 - Raul Seixas
• 1984 - Metrô Linha 743
• 1985 - 30 Anos de Rock (Reissue of Os 24 Maiores Sucessos da Era do Rock)
• 1985 - Let Me Sing My Rock And Roll (Compilation with previously unreleased tracks)
• 1986 - Raul Rock Seixas Volume 2 (Compilation with previously unreleased tracks)
• 1987 - Caroço de Manga (Reissue of Let Me Sing My Rock And Roll)
• 1987 - Uah-Bap-Lu-Bap-Lah-Béin-Bum!
• 1988 - A Pedra do Gênesis
• 1989 - A Panela do Diabo (with Marcelo Nova)

Posthumous studio albums[link]

• 1992 - O Baú do Raul
• 1998 - Documento
• 2009 - 20 Anos sem Raul Seixas (Reissue of Documento with a previously unreleased track)

Live albums[link]

• 1984 - Ao Vivo - Único e Exclusivo (Concert in São Paulo 1983)
• 1991 - Eu, Raul Seixas (Concert at Gonzaga Beach, Santos/SP 1982)
• 1993 - Raul Vivo (Reissue of Ao Vivo - Único e Exclusivo with extras tracks)
• 1994 - Se o Rádio Não Toca... (Concert in Brasília 1974)

Compilation albums[link]

• 1985 - Let Me Sing My Rock And Roll
• 1986 - Raul Rock Seixas Volume 2
• 1987 - Caroço de Manga
• 1991 - As Profecias (With a previously unreleased track)
• 2003 - Anarkilópolis (With a previously unreleased track)

Box Sets[link]

• 1995 - Série Grandes Nomes: Raul (Box containing 4 CDs and Illustrated Booklet)
• 2002 - Maluco Beleza (Box containing 6 CDs and Illustrated Booklet)
• 2009 - 10.000 Anos à Frente (Reissue of Maluco Beleza)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Raul Seixas Official Website (In Portuguese).
• Raul Rock Club (In Portuguese).
• Raul Seixas - Especial Estadão - 28/6/2003
• Raul Seixas - Novo Aeon