Wikimedia Commons

URL	commons.wikimedia.org
Commercial?	No
Type of site	Media repository
Registration	Optional (required for uploading files)
Content license	Free
Owner	Wikimedia Foundation
Created by	Wikimedia community
Launched	September 7, 2004
Current status	Active

Wikimedia logo mosaic

Wikimedia Commons (or simply Commons) is an online repository of free-use images, sound and other media files.^[1] It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all Wikimedia projects^[2] in all languages, including Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikisource, and Wikinews, or downloaded for offsite use. The repository contains over 12 million media files.^[3]

History[link]

The project was proposed by Erik Möller in March 2004^[4] and launched on September 7, 2004.^[5][6] A key motivation behind the setup of a central repository was the desire to reduce duplication of effort across the Wikimedia projects and languages, as the same file had to be uploaded to many different wikis separately before Commons was created.

Policies[link]

Given its primary function as a supporting project for the other Wikimedia web sites, the main content policy for files uploaded to Commons is that they must be potentially useful on any of the Wikimedia projects. This excludes material such as purely personal pictures and artwork, in contrast to image sharing repositories like Flickr, Photobucket and DeviantArt. Nevertheless, large numbers of files hosted on Commons are not used directly on any Wikimedia project and likely never will be; as such, the project has grown into a repository of multimedia in its own right, which is frequently linked to from articles on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia websites to provide supplemental materials.

Most Wikimedia projects still allow local uploads which are not visible to other projects or languages, but this option is meant to be used primarily for material which local project policies allow, but which would not be permitted according to the copyright policy of Commons, such as fair use content. Wikimedia Commons itself does not allow fair use or uploads under non-free licenses, including licenses which restrict commercial use of materials or disallow derivative works. Licenses that are acceptable include the GNU Free Documentation License, Creative Commons Attribution and Attribution/ShareAlike licenses,^[7] other free content and free software licenses, and the public domain.

The default language for Commons is English, but registered users can customize their interface to use any other available user interface translations. Many content pages, in particular policy pages and portals, have also been translated into various languages. Files on Wikimedia Commons are categorized using MediaWiki's category system. In addition, they are often collected on individual topical gallery pages. While the project was originally proposed to also contain free text files, these continue to be hosted on a sister project, Wikisource.

Utilities[link]

Over time, additional functionality has been developed to interface Wikimedia Commons with the other Wikimedia projects. Daniel Kinzler wrote applications for finding appropriate categories for uploaded files ("CommonSense"), determining the usage of files across the Wikimedia projects ("CheckUsage"), locating images with missing copyright information ("UntaggedImages"), and relaying information about administrative actions such as deletions to the relevant wikis ("CommonsTicker").

Specialized uploading tools and scripts such as "Commonist" have been created to simplify the process of uploading large numbers of files. In order to review free content photos uploaded to Flickr, users can participate in a collaborative external review process ("FlickrLickr"), which has resulted in more than 10,000 uploads to Commons.^[8]

Quality[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The site has three mechanisms for recognizing quality works. One is known as "Featured pictures", where works are nominated and other community members vote to accept or reject the nomination. This process began in November 2004. Another process known as "Quality images" began in June 2006, and has a simpler nomination process comparable to "Featured pictures". "Quality images" only accepts works created by Wikimedia users, whereas "Featured pictures" additionally accepts nominations of works by third parties such as NASA. A third image assessment project, known as "Valued images", began on June 1, 2008 with the purpose of recognising "the most valued illustration of its kind", in contrast to the other two processes which assess images mainly on technical quality.

The site held its inaugural "Picture of the Year" competition, for "Picture of the Year 2006". All images that were made a Featured picture during 2006 were eligible, and voted on by eligible Wikimedia users during two rounds of voting. The winning picture was a picture of the Aurora Borealis over snowlands, taken by a member of the US Air Force. The practice has continued; to date, Wikimedia Commons has completed Picture of the Year Competitions for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010.

Wikimedia Commons Pictures of the Year

Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year, 2006.   Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year, 2007.   Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year, 2008.   Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year, 2009.   Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year, 2010.

Hits[link]

As of January 2012, there are 2.9M geolocated images in Wikimedia Commons. Some zones coverage are highly biased.

• November 30, 2006, 1 million media files.
• October 9, 2007, 2 million media files.
• July 16, 2008, 3 million media files.
• March 4, 2009, 4 million media files.
• September 2, 2009, 5 million media files.
• January 27, 2010, 1 million registered users and 8 million pages.
• January 31, 2010, 6 million media files
• July 17, 2010, 7 million media files
• January 1, 2011, 8 million media files
• February 23, 2011, 9 million media files
• April 15, 2011, 10 million media files
• September 21, 2011, 11 million media files
• January 13, 2012, 12 million media files

See also[link]

Wikipedia portal

• Creative Commons – a project providing a set of content licenses and a directory of works using them
• Internet Archive – an online collection of videos, documents and webpages
• Project Gutenberg – the largest freely accessible collection of documents (including books and sheet music)
• Ourmedia – a community media archive
• Reporting of child pornography images on Wikimedia Commons

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wikimedia Commons

Meta has related information at: Wikimedia Commons

• Wikimedia Commons
• Commonist Java based tool for uploading images to Wikimedia Commons
• Wikimedia Commons prototype site (currently testing Upload wizard extension)
• Multimedia Usability Project – aims to improve multimedia uploading on Wikimedia Commons

Medal record
Cathy Freeman
Women’s Athletics
Competitor for  Australia
Olympic Games
Gold	2000 Sydney	400 m
Silver	1996 Atlanta	400 m
World Championships
Gold	1997 Athens	400 m
Gold	1999 Seville	400 m
Bronze	1995 Gothenburg	4 × 400 m relay
Commonwealth Games
Gold	1990 Auckland	4 × 100 m
Gold	1994 Victoria	200 m
Gold	1994 Victoria	400 m
Gold	2002 Manchester	4 × 400 m
Silver	1994 Victoria	4 × 100 m

Catherine Astrid Salome "Cathy" Freeman, OAM (born 16 February 1973) is a former Australian sprinter, who specialised in the 400 metres event. She became the Olympic champion for the women's 400 metres at the 2000 Summer Olympics, at which she lit the Olympic Flame.^[1] Freeman was the first ever Aboriginal Commonwealth Games gold medalist at age 16 in 1990. ^[2] 1994 was her breakthrough season. At the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Canada, Freeman won gold in both the 200 m and 400 m. She also won the silver medal in the 1996 Olympics and came first at the 1997 World Champion in the 400 m event. 1998 saw Freeman taking a break from running due to injury. She returned to form with a first place in the 400 m at the 1999 World Championships. She announced her retirement from athletics in 2003.

Freeman was born in Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland, where the local athletics track is now named after her. Her coach throughout her athletic career was Peter Fortune. In 1999, she married Sandy Bodecker, separating in February 2003. In 2009, she married James Murch, with whom she gave birth to a girl in 2011. In 1998, she was awarded Australian of the Year, in 2001 the World Sportswoman of the Year and the Medal of the Order of Australia.

Career[link]

Freeman began athletics at a very young age. Her first coach was her stepfather, Bruce Barber. By her early teens she had a collection of regional and national titles, having competed in the 100 metres, 200 metres and high jump.^{[citation needed]}

In 1987, Freeman moved on to Kooralbyn International School to be coached professionally by Romanian Mike Danila, who become her first real coach and later a key influence throughout her career; he provided a strict training regime for the young athlete.^[3][4][5]

In 1988, She was awarded a scholarship to an exclusive girls' school, Fairholme College in Toowoomba. In a competition in 1989, Freeman ran 11.67s in the 100 metres and Danila began to think about entering her in the Commonwealth Games Trials in Sydney.

In 1990, Freeman was chosen as a member of Australia's 4 x 100 m relay team for the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. The team won the gold medal, making Freeman the first ever Aboriginal Commonwealth Games gold medallist, as well as one of the youngest, at 16 years old. She moved to Melbourne in 1990s after the Auckland Commonwealth Games. Shortly after moving to Melbourne, Bideau her manager introduced Freeman to athletics coach, Peter Fortune who would become Freeman's coach for the rest of her career. She was then selected to represent Australia at the 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. There, she reached the semi-finals of the 100 m and placed fifth in the final of the 400 m.

Freeman competed in her second World Junior Championships in Seoul, South Korea. She competed only in the 200 m, winning the silver medal behind China's Hu Ling. Also in 1992, she travelled to her first Olympic Games, reaching the second round of her new speciality event; the 400 metres. At the 1993 World Championships in Athletics, Freeman competed in the 200 m, reaching the semi-finals.

1994 was Freeman's breakthrough season, when she entered into the world's elite for the first time. Competing at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Canada, Freeman won gold in both the 200 m and 400 m. She also competed as a member of Australia's 4x100 m squad, winning the silver medal and as a member of the 4x400 m team, who finished first but were later disqualified. During the 1994 season, Freeman took 1.3 seconds from her 400 m personal best, achieving 50.04 seconds. She also set all-time personal bests in the 100 m (11.24) and 200 m (22.25).

Although a medal favourite at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Sweden, Freeman finished fourth.^{[citation needed]} She also reached the semi-finals of the 200 m.

Freeman made more progress during the 1996 season, setting many personal bests and Australian records. By this stage, she was the biggest challenger to France's Marie-José Pérec at the 1996 Olympics.^{[citation needed]} She eventually took the silver medal behind Pérec, in an Australian record of 48.63 seconds. This is still the sixth fastest time ever and the second fastest since 1985.^{[citation needed]} Pérec's winning time of 48.25 was an Olympic record and the third fastest ever.

In 1997, Freeman won the 400 m at the World Championships in Athens, with a time of 49.77 seconds. Her only loss in the 400 m that season was in Oslo where she injured her foot.^{[citation needed]}

Freeman took a break for the 1998 season, due to injury. Upon her return to the track in 1999, Freeman did not lose a single 400 m race, including at the World Championships.^{[citation needed]}

ABC footage and interviews of crowds celebrating Freeman's Olympics win.

Her winning streak continued into the 2000 season, despite Pérec's return to the track. Freeman was the home favorite for the 400 m title at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, where she was expected to face-off with rival Pérec. This showdown never happened, as Pérec left the Games after an encounter with an Australian photographer.^{[citation needed]} Freeman won the Olympic title in a time of 49.13 seconds, becoming only the second Australian Aboriginal Olympic champion (the first was Nova Peris-Kneebone for field hockey in Atlanta).^{[citation needed]} After the race, Freeman took a victory lap, carrying both the Aboriginal and Australian flags. This was despite the fact that unofficial flags are banned at the Olympic Games and the Aboriginal flag, while recognized as official in Australia, is not a national flag, nor recognized by the International Olympic Committee.^{[citation needed]} Freeman also made the final of the 200 m, coming sixth.^[6] In honour of her gold medal win in Sydney, she represented Oceania in carrying the Olympic flag at the opening ceremonies of the next Olympics, in Salt Lake City, joining Archbishop Desmond Tutu (Africa), John Glenn (The Americas), Kazuyoshi Funaki (Asia), Lech Wałęsa (Europe), Jean-Michel Cousteau (Environment), Jean-Claude Killy (Sport), and Steven Spielberg (Culture).^{[citation needed]}

Throughout her career, Freeman regularly competed in the Victorian Athletic League where she won two 400 m races at the Stawell Gift Carnival.^{[citation needed]} Freeman did not compete during the 2001 season. In 2002, she returned to the track to compete as a member of Australia's victorious 4x400 m relay team at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.^{[citation needed]}

Freeman announced her retirement in 2003.^[7]

Since retiring from athletics Freeman has become involved in a range of community and charitable activities. She is an Ambassador of the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation.^[8]

Freeman was appointed as an Ambassador for Cottage by the Sea, alongisde celebrity chef Curtis Stone and big wave surfer Jeff Rowley. Cottage by the Sea is one of Australia's oldest charities and each year provides short-term beachside holidays and respite care for more than 900 children and families in need.^[9]

Personal life[link]

Freeman was born in 1973 at Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland to Norman Freeman and Cecelia. She and her brothers Gavin, Garth and Norman (who died after a motor vehicle accident on 16 September 2008) ^[10] were raised there and in other parts of Queensland. She also had a sister named Anne-Marie (1966–1990) who suffered from cerebral palsy and spent much of her life in a home for the disabled. Freeman attended several schools, but was mostly educated at Fairholme College, in Toowoomba.^{[citation needed]} Her parents divorced in 1978.^[11] Freeman has described how she has been influenced by early experiences with racism and also by her Bahá'í faith.^[12] Freeman was raised a Baha'i, and says of her faith, "I'm not a devout Baha'i but I like the prayers and I appreciate their values about the equality of all human kind".^[13][14]

Freeman's mother Cecelia (nee Sibley) was born in the Aboriginal community on Palm Island. Freeman's father Norman's father was Frank Fisher; Norman was raised by his mother Geraldine Roy and his stepfather Claude Freeman ^[11]. Freeman's late grandfather, Frank Fisher was an outstanding rugby player.^[15]

Freeman had a long-term romantic relationship with Nic Bideau, her manager, that ended in acrimony and legal wranglings over Freeman's endorsement earnings.^{[16] [17]} Freeman married Sandy Bodecker, a Nike executive and 20 years her senior, in 1999. After her success in Sydney she took an extended break from the track to nurse Bodecker through a bout of throat cancer between May–October 2002.^[18] She announced their separation in February 2003.

Later that year, Freeman began dating Australian actor Joel Edgerton whom she had initially met at the 2002 TV Week Logies. Their relationship ended in early 2005.^[19]

In October 2006 Freeman announced her engagement to Melbourne stockbroker James Murch.^[20] They married at Spray Farm on the Bellarine Peninsula on 11 April 2009.^[21] Freeman gave birth to Ruby Anne Susie Murch on 8 July 2011.^[22]

In 2008, Freeman participated in Who Do You Think You Are? and discovered that her mother was of Chinese and English heritage. As a result of a 1917 Queensland policy that Aborigines could serve in the military if they had a European parent, her paternal great grandfather, Frank Fisher served in the 11th Light Horse Regiment during WWI.^[23][11]

On her right arm, the side closest to the spectators on an athletics track, she had the words "Cos I'm Free" tattoed mid-way between her shoulder and elbow.^[24]

English textbook[link]

The story of Freeman and her accomplishments in the Olympics were used in an English book known as Sunshine in Japan. The book was used by Japanese junior high schools in their third year. It told of her winning the gold medal at the 2000 Olympics. It then goes on to talk about Australia's Aborigines and then about her personal life. Her story is used as a means to teach relative pronouns to the students.^[25]

Personal bests[link]

Competition record[link]

International competitions[link]

National championships[link]

Circuit performances[link]

Awards[link]

• Australian of the Year 1998^[26]
• Australian Sports Medal 2000^[27]
• Centenary Medal 2001^[28]
• Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 2001^[29]
• In 2001, Freeman received the Olympic Order from Juan Antonio Samaranch^[30]
• Laureus named Freeman Sportswoman of the Year in 2001
• Arthur Ashe Courage Award 2001
• The Deadlys 2003 – Female Sportsperson of the Year

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• McGreggor, A. (1998) Cathy Freeman; A Journey Just Begun. Milsons Point, Random House Australia. ISBN 0-09-183649-2

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cathy Freeman

• IAAF profile for Cathy Freeman
• Athletics Australia profile for Catherine Freeman
• Official Website
• The Catherine Freeman Foundation
• Powerhouse Museum collection
• Australian Indigenous Education Foundation

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Dr. Peter C. Doherty	Australian of the Year 1998	Succeeded by Mark Taylor
Preceded by Marion Jones	World Sportswoman of the Year 2001	Succeeded by Jennifer Capriati
Olympic Games
Preceded by Muhammad Ali	Final Summer Olympic Torchbearer Sydney 2000	Succeeded by Nikolaos Kaklamanakis

v t e Winners of the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year 2000: Marion Jones* · 2001: Cathy Freeman · 2002: Jennifer Capriati · 2003: Serena Williams · 2004: Annika Sörenstam · 2005: Kelly Holmes · 2006: Janica Kostelić · 2007: Yelena Isinbayeva · 2008: Justine Henin · 2009: Yelena Isinbayeva · 2010: Serena Williams · 2011: Lindsey Vonn · 2012: Vivian Cheruiyot Since this award, Jones has admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs. Her award is in doubt.