Martin Luther

Wednesday, 13 February 2013

Martin Luther - Here I Stand, I Can Do No Other

Happy Birthday Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Full Documentary)

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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km² (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.

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Wartburg
The Wartburg is a castle situated on a 1230-foot (410-m) precipice to the southwest of, and overlooking the town of Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. In 1999 UNESCO added Wartburg Castle to the World Heritage List as an "Outstanding Monument of the Feudal Period in Central Europe", citing its "Cultural Values of Universal Significance".
The castle's foundation was laid about 1068 by the Thuringian count of Schauenburg, Ludwig der Springer, a relative of the Counts of Rieneck in Franconia. Together with its larger sister castle Neuenberg in the present-day town of Freyburg, the Wartburg secured the extreme borders of his traditional territories.
According to tradition, the castle (Burg) got its name when its founder first laid eyes on the hill upon which the castle now sits; enchanted by the site, he is supposed to have exclaimed, "Warte, Berg -- du sollst mir eine Burg werden!" ("Wait, mountain -- you shall become a castle for me!"). It is a German play on words for mountain (Berg) and fortress (Burg). In addition, Ludwig der Springer is said to have had clay from his lands transported to the top of the hill, which was not quite within his lands, so he might swear that the castle was built on his ground. In fact, the name probably derives from German: Warte, a kind of watchtower as stated in the above source.

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Albert of Mainz
Cardinal Albert of Hohenzollern (German: Albrecht von Hohenzollern (help·info)) (28 June 1490 – 24 September 1545) was Elector and Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545.
Born in Cölln, Albert was the younger son of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg.
After their father's death, Albert and his older brother Joachim I Nestor became margraves of Brandenburg in 1499, but only his older brother held the title of an elector of Brandenburg. Having studied at the university of Frankfurt (Oder), Albert entered the ecclesiastical profession, and in 1513 became archbishop of Magdeburg at the age of 23 and administrator of the Diocese of Halberstadt.
In 1514 he obtained the Electorate of Mainz, and in 1518 was made a cardinal at the age of 28. Meanwhile to pay for the pallium of the see of Mainz and to discharge the other expenses of his elevation, Albert had borrowed 21,000 ducats from Jakob Fugger, and had obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of indulgences in his diocese to obtain funds to repay this loan, as long as half the collection was forwarded to the Papacy. An agent of the Fuggers subsequently traveled in the Cardinal's retinue in charge of the cashbox. For this work he procured the services of John Tetzel, and so indirectly exercised a potent influence on the course of the Reformation.

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Alexander Gauge
Alexander Gauge (29 July 1914 - 29 August 1960) was a British actor best known for playing Friar Tuck in The Adventures of Robin Hood from 1955 to 1960.
Born in a Methodist Mission station in Wenzhou in China, Gauge was a well-known English character actor. Gauge attended school in California before moving to England. He served in the British Army in India during World War II, where he became acquainted with John Masters. He first appeared on the New York stage in 1945. He acted in many of Shakespeare's plays, and usually played villains in British films, but many considered his forte to be comedy. He was a great hit in the London stage production of The Seven Year Itch.
Gauge appeared in the films The Interrupted Journey in 1949, and, all in 1952, Murder in the Cathedral, Mother Riley Meets the Vampire, with Old Mother Riley and Béla Lugosi, and The Pickwick Papers. He also appeared in the films Martin Luther (1953), Beau Brummell (1954), The Green Man (1956) and The Iron Petticoat (1956) starring Bob Hope. In 1955 he joined the cast of both The Scarlet Pimpernel (as George, the Prince Regent) and The Adventures of Robin Hood, as Friar Tuck, a role he played until 1960. In 1959 Gauge starred as Brigadier Wellington-Bull in the series The Adventures of Brigadier Wellington-Bull alongside Valerie Singleton.

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Andreas Karlstadt
Andreas Rudolph Bodenstein von Karlstadt (1486 – December 24, 1541), better known as Andreas Karlstadt or Andreas Carlstadt or Karolostadt, was a German Christian theologian during the Protestant Reformation. He was born in Karlstadt, Franconia.
Karlstadt received his doctorate of theology in 1510 from the University of Wittenberg. Previously, Karlstadt had been educated at Erfurt and in Cologne. In the same year in which Karlstadt received his doctorate he became archdeacon and the chair of the theology department. In 1511 he became chancellor of Wittenberg university. In 1512 he awarded Martin Luther his doctorate. From 1515-16, he studied in Rome, where he obtained the double degree in canon and civil law (utriusque juris) at the Sapienza university.
Before 1515, Karlstadt was a proponent of a modified scholasticism. He was a "secular" cleric with no official ties to any monastic order. His beliefs were challenged during his stay in Rome, where he saw large-scale corruption in the Roman Catholic Church, and on a document dated September 16, 1516 he wrote a series of 151 theses. (These should not be confused with Luther's 95 theses (1517) that attacked indulgences.)

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Desiderius Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (October 28, 1466? – July 12, 1536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian.
Erasmus was a classical scholar who wrote in a pure Latin style. He was an early proponent of religious toleration, and enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists"; he has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists." Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament. These raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation. He also wrote The Praise of Folly, Handbook of a Christian Knight, On Civility in Children, Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style, Julius Exclusus, and many other works.
Erasmus lived through the Reformation period, but while he was critical of the Church, he did not join the cause of the Reformers. In relation to clerical abuses in the Church, Erasmus remained committed to reforming the Church from within. He also held to Catholic doctrines such as that of free will, which some Reformers rejected in favor of the doctrine of predestination. His middle road approach disappointed and even angered scholars in both camps.

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Excommunication
Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community. Some groups use the term disfellowship instead. The word excommunication means putting [someone] out of communion. In some religions, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment, shunning, and shaming, depending on the religion, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community.
Matthew 18:15-17 is seen as a biblical basis for excommunication in Christianity. There Jesus tells an offended church member to draw the offender's fault to his attention privately; then, failing repentance, to speak to him again with the support of one or two others so that the charge is established by two or three witnesses; and, if even this measure is unsuccessful, to bring the matter before the church as a whole, after which, if the offender refuses to accept the church's verdict, he is to be treated as "a Gentile and a tax collector."

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Frederick the Great
Frederick II (German: Friedrich II.; 24 January 1712 – 17 August 1786) was a King in Prussia (1740–1772) and a King of Prussia (1772–1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was also Elector of Brandenburg. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel. He became known as Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große) and was named Der Alte Fritz ("Old Fritz").
Interested primarily in music and philosophy and not the arts of war during his youth, Frederick unsuccessfully attempted to flee from his authoritarian father, Frederick William I, with childhood friend Hans Hermann von Katte, whose execution he was forced to watch after they were captured. Upon ascending to the Prussian throne, he attacked Austria and claimed Silesia during the Silesian Wars, winning military acclaim for himself and Prussia. Near the end of his life, Frederick physically connected most of his realm by conquering Polish territories in the First Partition of Poland.

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Fritz Maurischat
Fritz Maurischat (April 27, 1893 - December 11, 1986) was a German production designer. He made his film debut in 1924. Over the next 38 years, he worked on over 70 films, all of them in his native Germany.
He earned an Oscar nomination in 1953 for his work on the film Martin Luther, an American film about Martin Luther made in Germany. He is also noted as the Art Director for the 1943 Nazi propaganda film Titanic.

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George Spalatin
Georg(e) Spalatin was the pseudonym taken by Georg Burkhardt (17 January 1484 – 16 January 1545), an important German figure in the history of the Reformation.
Burkhardt was born at Spalt (from which he took the Latinized name "Spalatinus"), near Nuremberg, where his father was a tanner. He went to Nuremberg for his education when he was thirteen years of age, and soon afterwards to the University of Erfurt, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1499. There he attracted the notice of Nikolaus Marschalk, the most influential professor, who made Spalatin his amanuensis and took him to the new University of Wittenberg in 1502.
In 1505 Spalatin returned to Erfurt to study jurisprudence. He was recommended to Conrad Mutianus, and was welcomed by the little band of German humanists of whom Mutianus was chief. His friend acquired a post for him as teacher in the monastery at Georgenthal, and in 1508 he was ordained priest by Bishop Johann von Laasphe, who had ordained Martin Luther. In 1509 Mutianus recommended him to Frederick III the Wise, the Elector of Saxony, who employed him to act as tutor to his nephew, the future elector, John Frederick.

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Henry Oscar
Henry Oscar (born 14 July 1891, London, England, UK – died 28 December 1969, London) was an English stage and film actor.
Born as Henry Wale, he changed his name and began acting in 1911 and appeared in a wide range of films, including Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), Fire Over England (1937), The Four Feathers (1939), Hatter's Castle (1942), Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948), Beau Brummell (1954), The Little Hut (1957), Beyond This Place (1959), Oscar Wilde (1960), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Long Ships (1963) and Murder Ahoy! (1964).

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Irving Pichel
Irving Pichel (June 24, 1891 – July 13, 1954) was an American actor and film director. He married Violette Wilson, daughter of Jackson Stitt Wilson, a Methodist minister and Socialist mayor of Berkeley, California. Her sister was actress Viola Barry. The Pichels had three sons, Pichel Wilson, Julian Irving, and Marlowe Agnew.
Pichel's first work in musical theatre was as a technical director for the Bohemian Club's summer pageants at the Bohemian Grove. He was soon loaned out to Wallace Rice as the main narrator in Rice's Primavera, the Masque of Santa Barbara in 1920. Pichel achieved significant notoriety as the title character in the landmark Pasadena Playhouse production of Eugene O'Neill's play Lazarus Laughed in 1927.
Among his most notable screen roles were the servant Sandor in Dracula's Daughter, and Fagin in the 1933 adaptation of Oliver Twist. He directed several films, including The Miracle of the Bells, Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid, and Destination Moon. His voice was heard as narrator in How Green Was My Valley, and as the voice of Jesus in the film The Great Commandment.

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Jan Hus
Jan Hus (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈɦus] ( listen); c. 1369 – 6 July 1415), often referred to in English as John Hus or John Huss, was a Czech priest, philosopher, reformer, and master at Charles University in Prague. After John Wycliffe, the theorist of ecclesiastical Reformation, Hus is considered the first Church reformer (living prior to Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli).
He is famed for having been burned at the stake for heresy against the doctrines of the Catholic Church, including those on ecclesiology, the Eucharist, and other theological topics. Hus was a key predecessor to the Protestant movement of the sixteenth century, and his teachings had a strong influence on the states of Europe, most immediately in the approval for the existence of a reformist Bohemian religious denomination, and, more than a century later, on Martin Luther himself.
Between 1420 and 1431, the Hussite forces defeated five consecutive papal crusades against followers of Hus. Their defence and rebellion against Roman Catholics became known as the Hussite Wars. A century later, as many as 90% of inhabitants of the Czech lands were non-Catholic and followed the teachings of Hus and his successors.

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Jaroslav Pelikan
Jaroslav Jan Pelikan (December 17, 1923–May 13, 2006) was a scholar in the history of Christianity, Christian theology and medieval intellectual history.
Pelikan was born in Akron, Ohio, to a Slovak father and mother, Jaroslav Jan Pelikan Sr. and Anna Buzekova Pelikan. His father was pastor of Trinity Slovak Lutheran Church in Chicago, Illinois, and his paternal grandfather a bishop of the Synod of Evangelical Lutheran Churches then known as the Slovak Lutheran Church in America.
According to family members, Pelikan's mother taught him how to use a typewriter when he was three years old, as he could not yet hold a pen properly but wanted to write. A polyglot, Pelikan's facility with languages may be traced to his multilingual childhood and early training. That linguistic facility was to serve him in the career he ultimately chose (after contemplating becoming a concert pianist)--as a historian of Christian doctrine. He did not confine his studies to Roman Catholic and Protestant theological history, but also embraced that of the Christian East.

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Johann Eck
Dr. Johann Maier von Eck (13 November 1486 – 13 February 1543) was a German Scholastic theologian and defender of Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation. It was Eck who argued that the beliefs of Martin Luther and Jan Hus were similar.

Johann Eck was born Johann Maier at Eck (later Egg, near Memmingen, c. 70 km miles south of Augsburg) in Swabia, and derived his additional surname from his birthplace, which he himself, after 1505, always modified into Eckius or Eccius, i.e. "of Eck." His father, Michael Maier, was a peasant and bailiff, or Amtmann, of the village. The boy's education was undertaken by his uncle, Martin Maier, parish priest at Rottenburg on the river Neckar.
At the age of twelve he entered the University of Heidelberg, which he left in the following year for Tübingen. After taking his master's degree in 1501, he began the study of theology under Johann Jakob Lempp, and studied the elements of Hebrew and political economy with Konrad Summenhart. He left Tübingen in 1501 on account of the plague and after a year at Cologne finally settled at Freiburg University, at first as a student of theology and law and later as a successful teacher where he was mentor to the prominent Anabaptist leader of Waldshut and Nikolsburg, Balthasar Hubmaier, and later retaining this relationship during their move to the University of Ingolstadt. In 1508 he entered the priesthood in Strasbourg and two years later obtained his doctorate in theology.

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Johann Tetzel
Johann Tetzel (1465 in Pirna – 11 August 1519) was a German Dominican preacher known for selling indulgences.
Tetzel was born in Pirna, Saxony, and studied theology and philosophy at the university of his native city.^{[dubious – discuss]} He entered the Dominican order in 1489, achieved some success as a preacher, and was in 1502 commissioned by the pope to preach the Jubilee (Christian) indulgence, which he did throughout his life. In 1509 he was made an inquisitor of Poland, and in 1517 Pope Leo X made him commissioner of indulgences for all of Germany.
He acquired the degree of Licentiate of Sacred Theology in the University of Frankfurt an der Oder, 1517, and that of Doctor of Sacred Theology, 1518, by defending, in two disputations, the doctrine of indulgences against Luther. The accusation that he sold full forgiveness for sins not yet committed, caused great scandal; Martin Luther considered his actions evil, and began to preach openly against him.
In 1517, it was believed that all of the money that Tetzel was trying to raise was for the ongoing reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica, though half the money went towards helping the Archbishop of Mainz, Albert of Brandenburg, under whose authority Tetzel was operating, to pay off the debts he had incurred in securing the agreement of the Pope to his acquisition of the Archbishopric. Luther was inspired to write his Ninety-Five Theses, in part, due to Tetzel's actions during this period of time, in which he states,

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Johann von Staupitz
Johann von Staupitz (ca. 1460, Motterwitz – 28 December 1524) was a theologian, university preacher, Vicar-General of the Augustinian Order in Germany who supervised Martin Luther during a critical period in that man's spiritual life. Martin Luther himself remarked, "If it had not been for Dr. Staupitz, I should have sunk in hell." Although he died a Catholic monk and repudiated the Protestant Reformation, he is commemorated on 8 November as a priest in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church.
Von Staupitz was born in Motterwitz ca. 1460. Descended from an old Saxony family, he matriculated in the year 1485 and officially joined the order in Munich before relocated to Tübingen where he received promotion to the rank of prior. In 1500 Von Staupitz was made Doctor of Theology and achieved election to the post of Vicar general of the German Congregation of Augustinians in 1503. He was also made dean of the theology faculty at the University of Wittenberg when it was founded in 1502. In 1512, while in his 50s, Von Staupitz resigned his professorship and relocated to the southern part of Germany, resigning his vicar-generalship officially in 1520. In 1522 he accepted an offer from the Benedictines inviting him to join their order, becoming Abbot of St Peter's in Salzburg.

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Katharina von Bora
Katharina von Bora, referred to as "die Lutherin", (January 29, 1499 – December 20, 1552) was the wife of Martin Luther, German leader of the Protestant Reformation. Beyond what is found in the writings of Luther and some of his contemporaries, little is known about her. Despite this, Katharina is often considered one of the most important participants of the Reformation because of her role in helping to define Protestant family life and setting the tone for clergy marriages.
Katharina von Bora was daughter to a family of Saxon landed gentry. According to common belief, she was born on 29 January 1499; however, there is no evidence of this date from contemporary documents. Due to the various lineages within the family and the uncertainty towards Katharina's birth name, there were and are diverging conceptions about her place of birth.
Over a long period of time, the manor of Lippendorf near Leipzig was strongly presumed to be her birthplace. The genealogical specialist literature still argues in favour of this presumption.

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Louis de Rochemont
Louis de Rochemont (January 13, 1899 – December 23, 1978) was an American film maker known for creating, along with Roy E. Larsen from Time, Inc., the monthly theatrically shown newsreels The March of Time. His brother Richard de Rochemont was also a producer and writer on The March of Time.
The newsreels defined film news from 1935 to 1951. The 20-minute films, which combined filmed news with interpretive interviews and dramatizations, appeared between featured films in theaters.
When he moved from newsreels to feature films, de Rochemont chose to produce films based on real stories in actual locations, often with locals in the cast. After three spy films that helped define film noir, including The House on 92nd Street (1945), he produced a wide array of feature films such as the semi-documentary Boomerang (1947). He has been called the "father of the docu-drama." His early documentary productions won two Academy Awards. He also produced Windjammer (1958) and The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1962).

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Mark Lothar
Mark Lothar [ló:tar] (born Lothar Hundertmark, 23 May 1902, Berlin – 6 April 1985, Munich) was a German composer.

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Martin Luther
Martin Luther (help·info) (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German monk, priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.
Luther taught that salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin. His theology challenged the authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. Those who identify with Luther's teachings are called Lutherans.

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Niall MacGinnis
Niall MacGinnis (29 March 1913 – 6 January 1977) was an Irish actor who made 80 screen appearances.
MacGinnis was born in Dublin in 1913. He was educated at Stonyhurst College in England, and studied medicine at Dublin University. He qualified as a house surgeon. During World War II, MacGinnis served as surgeon in the Royal Navy.
In 1941, MacGinnis played a not-very-dedicated Nazi sailor in the British war film 49th Parallel with Laurence Olivier, Leslie Howard, Eric Portman and Raymond Massey. He portrayed Captain MacMorris in Olivier's 1944 version of Henry V and the title character in the 1953 film Martin Luther. In 1957, he played the villainous Julian Karswell opposite American actor Dana Andrews in the British horror film Night of the Demon (released in the United States as Curse of the Demon). He also played Zeus opposite Honor Blackman's Hera in Jason and the Argonauts (1963) and had a supporting role in John Huston's film The Kremlin Letter (1969).
Once while returning to Holyhead, Wales from Ireland during the Second World War, MacGinnis was stopped by police and searched. They thought they had captured a German spy when they found a picture in his wallet showing him in a German uniform standing next to a U-boat. He was arrested. MacGinnis was not released until documents were produced that proved he had actually been acting in 49th Parallel.^{[citation needed]}

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Paul Markwitz
Paul Markwitz was a German production designer, art director and set decorator. He worked on over 50 films between 1935 and 1967. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Art Direction for the film Martin Luther.

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Philipp Melanchthon
Philipp Melanchthon (February 16, 1497 – April 19, 1560), born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of Lutheranism. They both denounced what they claimed was the exaggerated cult of the saints, justification by works, and the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance that nevertheless could not offer certainty of salvation. Melanchthon made the distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. By the "law" he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament; the "gospel" meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ.
He was born Philipp Schwartzerdt (of which "Melanchthon" is a Greek translation) on 16 February 1497, at Bretten, near Karlsruhe, where his father Georg Schwarzerdt was armorer to Philip, Count Palatine of the Rhine. His birthplace was demolished in 1689 and the town's Melanchthonhaus built on its site in 1897.

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Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" (Il Papa Terribile) and "The Warrior Pope" (Il Papa Guerriero), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts.
There is disagreement about Julius' date of birth. Some sources put his birth as late as 1453. Giuliano della Rovere was the son of Rafaello della Rovere brother of Pope Sixtus IV and of Theodora Manerola, a lady of Greek extraction. Giuliano was an altar boy of his uncle Pope Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere). He was educated among the Franciscans by his uncle, who took him under his special charge and later sent him to a convent in La Pérouse with the purpose of obtaining knowledge of the sciences. However, he does not appear to have joined the order of St. Francis, but rather remained a member of the secular clergy until his elevation to bishop of Carpentras, France, in 1471; very shortly after his uncle succeeded to the papal chair.

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Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was the Pope from 1513 to his death in 1521. He was the last non-priest (only a deacon) to be elected Pope. He is known for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 Theses. He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini. His cousin, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, would later succeed him as Pope Clement VII (1523–34).
Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici was born in Italy, the second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, head of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini.
From an very early age, he was destined for an ecclesiastical career. He received the tonsure at the age of seven and was soon loaded with rich benefices and preferments. His father prevailed on his relative Innocent VIII to name him cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Domnica on 8 March 1489, although he was not allowed to wear the insignia or share in the deliberations of the college until three years later. Meanwhile he received a distinguished education at Lorenzo's brilliant humanistic court under such men as Angelo Poliziano, Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino and Bernardo Dovizio Bibbiena. From 1489 to 1491 he studied theology and canon law at Pisa under Filippo Decio and Bartolomeo Sozzini.

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 1.wmv

Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie depicting the struggles of Martin Luther during the 16th cent...

published: 14 Dec 2011

author: MsMatchedPlayer

Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 2

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 5

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Martin Luther - Here I Stand, I Can Do No Other

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published: 13 Jul 2009

author: chehsed

Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 4

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 6

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 7

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 3

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Martin Luther 1953 LCA movie part 8

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Martin Luther part 1.wmv

Part 1 of the 1953 black and white movie: Martin Luther. shows struggles Martin Luther had...

published: 12 Dec 2011

author: MsMatchedPlayer

Happy Birthday Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr...

published: 06 Jan 2013

author: ravenredbone

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (Full Documentary)

thedropsquad.com Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michae...

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Happy Birthday Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr...

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Martin Luther King Jr. - The Beast As Saint

The untold story of Martin Luther King Jr....

published: 17 Jan 2011

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photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department

This undated photo released by the Los Angeles Police Department shows suspect Christopher Dorner, a former Los Angeles officer.

$1 million reward offered on information on ex-cop Christopher Dorner

Denver Post

11 Feb 2013

A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama and daughters Sasha and Malia, attend a church service at Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C., on Inauguration Day, Sunday, Jan. 20, 2013.

North Korea nuclear test puts pressure on Obama

Irish Times

12 Feb 2013

JULIAN BORGER. North Korea’s and Iran’s ambitions to become nuclear powers may make US plans to cut its own warheads difficult to pass. President Barack Obama is expected to address the threat posed by North Korea in tonight’s state of the union speech, after news of Pyongyang’s third underground nuclear test triggered some last-minute rewriting of the presidential text ... Obama speech ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: AP / Lee Jin-man

A South Korean man watches a TV news showing a file footage of North Korea's nuclear test at the Seoul train station in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2013.

‘North Korea conducts third nuclear test’

The Hindu

12 Feb 2013

A magnitude 5.1 “artificial earthquake” was reported near a nuclear test site in North Korea on Tuesday morning, with South Korean Defence Ministry officials telling local media that the seismic activity was the result of a third nuclear test conducted by the reclusive state ... The reported test has, however, not yet been confirmed by North Korean State media ... The move is set to heighten regional tensions ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)

photo: AP / Riccardo De Luca

Pope Benedict XVI waves to faithful during his weekly audience in St. Peter's square at the Vatican, Wednesday, April 11, 2012.

Pope Benedict 'Will Not Interfere In Choosing New Pope'

Peace FM Online

12 Feb 2013

Pope Benedict XVI will not interfere in choosing his successor after his shock decision to resign at the end of the month, the pontiff's brother has said. Georg Ratzinger told the BBC the Pope would only "make himself available" if he were needed. Benedict said on Monday he would resign after nearly eight years as the head of the Catholic Church because he was too old to continue at the age of 85 ... But resignation is extremely rare....(size: 3.8Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

An Indian woman weeps as she and other family members mourn next to the body of a relative who was killed in a stampede on a railway platform at the main railway station in Allahabad, India, Sunday, Feb. 10, 2013.

India stampede kills 36 at world's largest religious festival

Daily Press

11 Feb 2013

ALLAHABAD, India (Reuters) - A stampede at a railway station in northern India killed at least 36 Hindu pilgrims on Sunday, the busiest day of the world's largest religious festival at which some 30 million had gathered to wash away their sins in the sacred Ganges river. Twenty-seven of the dead were women, mostly elderly and poor. An eight-year-old girl was also crushed to death ... Daily Press Eyewitness ... M ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)

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COUNTY OFFICE HOURS, TRASH SCHEDULE FOR MLK HOLIDAY (Gwinnett County, GA)

noodls

13 Feb 2013

(Source. Gwinnett County, GA). WHAT. All Gwinnett County government offices, with the exception of those operations required for the comfort and safety of residents, will be closed Jan. 21 for the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday ... 22 ... Martin Luther King Jr ... 22. . distributed by ... (noodl. 17526206) ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Senior drummers beat a path through Charlotte

MSNBC

13 Feb 2013

CHARLOTTE, N.C. -- It's impossible to sit still when you hear them. “The beat is God’s heartbeat ... The beat -- is their therapy ... AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices. Advertise . AdChoices ... On Martin Luther King Day, they played for an overflow crowd ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Riverside high school girl attacked with knife

Sacramento Bee

13 Feb 2013

RIVERSIDE, Calif ... Sgt ... Tuesday while she was walking to Martin Luther King High School ... The suspect fled on foot and remains at large....(size: 0.6Kb)

IN OUR OPINION: Another vote for Stan Musial bridge

STL Today

13 Feb 2013

The St. Charles County Council recently jumped on the sizable bandwagon of well-placed support for naming the new Mississippi River bridge at downtown St. Louis after the late great Stanley Frank Musial. For anyone who might wonder why St. Charles County government should take a formal stance on the naming of a bridge being built some 30 miles outside its jurisdiction, we can think of a few reasons ... St ... And St ... Mr ... Martin Luther King Jr ... Mr ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)

Pakistani Student Joins Gannon for Semester of Study (Gannon University)

noodls

13 Feb 2013

(Source. Gannon University). As President of Gannon, Dr. Keith Taylor's vision for the University includes its continued efforts to be more global and its commitment to developing socially responsible, global citizens ... Taylor's vision a reality ... On Martin Luther King Day, she joined other Gannon University students who, in spite of snow and winter weather, participated in the City of Erie's annual march to honor Dr. King's memory....(size: 5.3Kb)

Roland Park Country School opens co-ed preschool (Photos)

The Examiner

13 Feb 2013

The big news on the Roland Park Country School (RPCS) campus this fall is the school's littlest students--a group of 13 three-year-old girls and boys. The children are the inaugural class of the new RPCS Preschool. It's not the first time the traditionally K-12 girls' school has welcomed preschoolers ... Roland Park Country School opens co-ed preschool ... RPCS ... Tweet ... Private school students use Martin Luther King holiday for learning, serving....(size: 5.9Kb)

S.A. firm plans $150M stock sale

my SA

13 Feb 2013

San Antonio-based Cullen/Frost Bankers Inc., the holding company for Frost Bank, plans to sell $150 million in preferred stock ... The person asked not to be identified because terms weren't set ... Yeager, vice president and director of research for Fort Worth-based investment advisory firm Luther King Capital Management ... Luther King Capital held more than two million Cullen/Frost shares at the end of September, according to Bloomberg ... 31 ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)

16 Powerful Images Of Equality (PHOTOS)

Huffington Post

13 Feb 2013

Today is Lincoln's birthday, and as homage to the greatest architect of equality in the country, we put together a slideshow celebrating love, humanity and civil rights. We've come a long way, America. Loading Slideshow. USA. New York City. 1994 ... President, I'd like to see you stand in this room and sign a Second Emancipation Proclamation outlawing segregation, one hundred years after Lincoln's." --Martin Luther King, Jr., to John F ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)

Community news: Erxleben waives detention hearing

Austin American Statesman

13 Feb 2013

TRAVIS COUNTY. Erxleben waives detention hearing. Former football player Russell Erxleben late Monday waived his right to a detention hearing set for Tuesday morning and will remain in federal custody until his trial on charges of running a Ponzi scheme, Assistant U.S. Attorney Matthew Devlin said ... U.S ... The trial was set for April 8, Devlin said ... PFLUGERVILLE ... 5 ... PFLUGERVILLE ... Fridayat the Macedonia Baptist Church, 206 Martin Luther King Jr....(size: 6.3Kb)

Bartram advances on three-pointer

Philadelphia Daily News

13 Feb 2013

Gear Up!. Loading... Fan Shop. Rick O’Brien, INQUIRER STAFF WRITER. Posted. Tuesday, February 12, 2013, 7.21 PM. Late in the regular season, Khayri Washington would not have been James Brown's top choice to try a game-deciding shot for Bartram ... I'm going to make the shot.' " ... In advancing to Saturday's Class AAAA final against Martin Luther King at Southern, Bartram overcame 20 turnovers, including seven in the third quarter ... ... B ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

Tues. Pa. boys: Malvern Prep upends Friends' Central

Philadelphia Daily News

13 Feb 2013

Gear Up!. Loading... Fan Shop. Ben Goldberg-Morse, INQUIRER STAFF WRITER. Posted. Tuesday, February 12, 2013, 10.28 PM ... The Friars hung around thanks to a stifling defense, holding Phoenix top scorer Karonn Davis to 11 points and 6-foot-4 freshman De'Andre Hunter to nine ... Martin Luther King's Raquan Brown-Johnson scored 11 straight points in the second quarter as the Class AAAA top seeds breezed past visiting Southern in a semifinal, 55-36....(size: 8.0Kb)

Perth man's drug trial adjourned

Sydney Morning Herald

13 Feb 2013

... he allegedly handed over a package containing 167 grams of methamphetamine to Inspector Luther Nurjib, who had been posing as a drug dealer....(size: 0.7Kb)

Luther E. McIlwain, at 91, of Lawrence, World War II vet was Tuskegee airman

Boston Herald

13 Feb 2013

Luther E. McIlwain of Lawrence, formerly of Methuen, a WWII Tuskegee airman, died Friday at Merrimack Valley Hospice House in Haverhill. He was 91. Born in Blaine, S.C., Mr. McIlwain was a former resident of Methuen for many years before moving to Lawrence ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

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Martin Luther
File:Martin Luther DVD cover.jpg
Directed by	Irving Pichel
Produced by	Lothar Wolff
Written by	Allan Sloane Lothar Wolff
Starring	Niall MacGinnis
Music by	Mark Lothar
Cinematography	Joseph C. Brun
Editing by	Fritz Stapenhorst
Distributed by	De Rochemont/Lutheran Productions
Release date(s)	May 8, 1953 March 4, 1954
Running time	105 min
Country	USA/West Germany
Language	English

Martin Luther is a 1953 film biography of Martin Luther. It was directed by Irving Pichel, (who also plays a supporting role), and stars Niall MacGinnis as Luther. It was produced by Louis de Rochemont and RD-DR Corporation in collaboration with Lutheran Church Productions and Luther-Film-G.M.B.H.

The National Board of Review named the film the fourth best of 1953. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Best Cinematography (Black-and-White) and Art Direction/Set Decoration (Fritz Maurischat, Paul Markwitz). ^[1] The music was composed by Mark Lothar and performed by the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. It was filmed in studios in Wiesbaden, West Germany.

A notice at the beginning of the film characterizes it as a careful and balanced presentation of Luther's story: "This dramatization of a decisive moment in human history is the result of careful research of facts and conditions in the 16th century as reported by historians of many faiths." The research was done by notable Reformation scholars Theodore G. Tappert and Jaroslav Pelikan who assisted Allan Sloane and Lothar Wolff.

1 Synopsis
2 Plot
3 Historical inconsistencies
4 Cast
5 References
6 External links

Synopsis [link]

The time frame of the film is 1505-1530: Luther's entrance into the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt to the presentation of the Augsburg Confession. It recounts Martin Luther's struggle to find God's mercy: his discovery of the gospel in Romans 1:17, the posting of the Ninety-five theses, and the subsequent controversy, which led to Luter's being separated from the church of Rome. It shows Luther's resistance to the forces of radicalism, and his work to establish and maintain the evangelical movement of his day. The dramatic climax of the film is Luther's "Here I Stand" speech before the 1521 Diet of Worms, and the grand finale is the singing of A Mighty Fortress Is Our God by Luther's congregation.

Plot [link]

Narrator John Wiggin begins the film with a scholarly overview of the place and time of the life of Martin Luther. He points out that power is divided between the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic church. To set the stage for the presentation of Luther's conflict with the church of his day he states, "the church had largely forgotten the mercies of God; and, instead, it emphasized God's implacable judgments."

Since he will soon be entering the Augustinian cloister Martin Luther holds a "going away" party at a local public house with his fellow law students. Conspicuous among his guests is George Spalatin, who provides an inquiring interest into Luther's motivation to leave the study of law. Luther's entrance into monastic life is then portrayed. He does not find the spiritual peace he sought even though he follows a strict regimen of ascetic piety to the point of flagellating himself half to death. He is shown in sheer terror at the celebration of his first mass as a newly ordained priest. After he struggles through his first mass he confesses to his mentor, Vicar General Johann von Staupitz that he cannot love God. Subsequently, the dour-faced prior proposes expelling Luther from the order because of his restless mind, but Staupitz believes that rigorous theological study and a pilgrimage embassy to Rome will help the troubled young monk.

After he had returned from Rome, just after completing a prayer office, Luther expresses his opinion to his fellow monks that the common people could more easily find God to be merciful if they had the Holy Scriptures in their vernacular language. He is then confronted and scolded by his stern prior. Then while studying in the Erfurt university library Luther is met by George Spalatin, who had also left the study of the law for a vocation in the church: in his case to serve Frederick III, Elector of Saxony. Spalatin renews his interest in Luther's quest, "Have you found what you were looking for?" Luther responds, "Not yet." Spalatin then recommends Luther to the Elector as a preacher at the castle church and professor of biblical studies at the newly founded University of Wittenberg. Luther is then shown baptizing an infant in the castle church.

At Wittenberg Luther receives his degree of Doctor of Theology when he promises to be a faithful teacher in the church; however, he has difficulty in accepting the practice even there in Wittenberg of collecting and showcasing relics. The film presents Luther as having undergone his "reformatory discovery" through his study of the Epistle to the Romans for his lectures on this biblical book. He tells his mentor Staupitz that one only need have faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. Staupitz leaves unpersuaded, but Luther writes the word "sola" (alone) in the margin of his Latin Bible to show his firm persuasion in the doctrine of justification by faith alone.

A few years go by. It is now 1517, and in Rome Pope Leo X arranges with Archbishop Albert to promulgate in Germany a special jubilee indulgence. Johann Tetzel is the main preacher of this indulgence, and his pitch is presented in public with the beating of drums. That same evening Martin Luther comes across one of his parishioners in a drunken stupor with the conviction that he does not need to go to confession anymore because he has bought one of Tetzel's indulgences. Luther then preaches against what he believes to be the abuse of indulgences with the appeal, "Beloved, you cannot buy God's mercy." He then also posts his The Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the castle church, which does not seem to arouse any attention until his theses are copied down, translated, and printed for all of Germany to read, hear, and comment about. Tetzel finds that his sales of indulgences have fallen off, which moves Archbishop Albert of Mainz to send a copy of Luther's theses to the pope.

In 1519 Andreas Karlstadt tells Luther and newly installed professor Philipp Melanchthon of his being invited to Leipzig to debate what he calls "our theses." To Karlstadt's disappointment Luther invites himself and Melanchthon along. When they arrive in Lepzig, they see that there is a movement afoot to link Luther with Jan Hus in order to brand him as a heretic. Luther debates Johann Eck, who shouts, "Heresy, Dr. Luther, Heresy!" with Luther responding, "So be it! It is still the truth!" After the debate at which he was present Staupitz releases Luther from his vows as an Augustinian monk when Luther refuses to stop promoting his doctrine.

The pope is furious with Luther's publications of 1520 (On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, and On the Freedom of a Christian), so he issues his bull Exsurge Domine threatening Luther with excommunication. It too is disseminated in as public a manner as Luther's Ninety-five Theses, but Luther responds by burning it on the deadline demanded for his retraction. Cardinal Aleander goes to Elector Frederick to demand that he hand Luther over to the pope. It is there that the film has him meet Desiderius Erasmus, who seems to trivialize the matter. The Elector says that Luther will appear at the upcoming Diet of Worms.

At Worms Luther is surprised by the procedure instigated by Aleander of simply asking him if he acknowledges his printed writings and whether he is willing to retract any of his assertions in those writings. Luther asks for time and is given until the next day. Then he gives his answer that he will not recant, ending with, "Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen." Emperor Charles V angrily promulgates his Edict of Worms outlawing Luther and giving him twenty-one days to return to Wittenberg. Elector Frederick, spurned by the emperor, has Luther quietly abducted to his stronghold of the Wartburg near Eisenach where for almost a year Luther stays in hiding. It is here that he translates the New Testament into German. He has a retainer of the Elector read a portion of John 6 to show that "a German lark can sing as sweetly as any Greek or Latin nightingale."

Luther's exile is brought to a close with Karlstadt's revolutionary uprising in Wittenberg and Electoral Saxony, which causes churches to be desecrated. Luther preaches his "how dare you" (Invocavit) sermons to restore order to his troubled congregation. In the course of the film Luther is shown marrying a former nun Katharina von Bora to the delight of his father, who is shown attending the wedding. Luther and Kathie's family room is the scene of Luther holding instructions from his catechism. He is dismayed that he cannot join his fellow reformers in Augsburg as they appear before the diet there in 1530. There the Augsburg Confession is courageously presented to the emperor followed in the film by the pealing of bells, and Luther offering a prayer of thanksgiving to God for his faithfulness to his generation. The film ends with the people of his congregation, young and old, rich and poor alike, singing to him his hymn A Mighty Fortress Is Our God in its isometric tune.

Historical inconsistencies [link]

Pope Julius II is represented as being in Rome when Luther was there when, in reality, he was not.
Tetzel is represented as saying that no confession was necessary when one bought the indulgences he was selling when, in reality, the indulgences specified that the buyer was to go to confession if he had bought the indulgence for himself.
Luther's 1520 treatises are represented as having been in print by June 15, 1520 when Exsurge Domine was issued when, in reality, they had not.
Luther is represented as telling Karlstadt to leave Wittenberg in 1522 when, in reality, Luther pleaded with him in Orlamünde to return after Karlstadt had voluntarily left.
Luther is represented as being at home in Wittenberg during the Diet of Augsburg in 1530 when, in reality, he was staying in Coburg.

Cast [link]

Niall MacGinnis as Martin Luther
John Ruddock as Vicar Johann von Staupitz
Pierre Lefevre as George Spalatin
Guy Verney as Philipp Melanchthon
Allastair Hunter as Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt
David Horne as Elector Duke Frederick the Great
Fred Johnson as Prior of Erfurt monastery
Philip Leaver as Pope Leo X
Heinz Piper as Dr. John Eck
Leonard White as brother and emissary of Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz
Egon Strohm as Cardinal Aleander
Annette Carrell as Katharina von Bora
Alexander Gauge as Fr. John Tetzel
Irving Pichel as Chancellor Brueck
Hans Lefebre as Emperor Charles V
John Wiggin as Narrator
Henry Oscar
Ronald Adam
Joss Ambler
William Abney
Michael Maick
Wolfgang Oelze

References [link]

^ "NY Times: Martin Luther". NY Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/31599/Martin-Luther/details. Retrieved 2008-12-21.

External links [link]

Martin Luther at the Internet Movie Database
Martin Luther is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]

v t e Films directed by Irving Pichel

1930s	The Most Dangerous Game (1932) She (1935) Larceny on the Air (1937) The Great Commandment (1939)

1940s	The Man I Married (1940) Hudson's Bay (1941) Secret Agent of Japan (1942) The Pied Piper (1942) Life Begins at Eight-Thirty (1942) Happy Land (1943) And Now Tomorrow (1944) A Medal for Benny (1945) Tomorrow Is Forever (1946) Colonel Effingham's Raid (1946) The Bride Wore Boots (1946) O.S.S. (1946) Temptation (1946) They Won't Believe Me (1947) Something in the Wind (1947) The Miracle of the Bells (1948) Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid (1948) Without Honor (1949)

1950s	The Great Rupert (1950) Quicksand (1950) Destination Moon (1950) Santa Fe (1951) Martin Luther (1953)

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Playlist

Film Summary

Luther, Martin Filmography

Matching books:

Famous quotes by Martin Luther:

"If you are not allowed to laugh in heaven, I don't want to go there"

"Whatever your heart clings to and confides in, that is really your God"

"Peace if possible, truth at all costs."

"Pray, and let God worry"

"Who loves not wine, women and song, Remains a fool his whole life long"

"I more fear what is within me than what comes from without"

"You are not only responsible for what you say, but also for what you do not say"

"I have held many things in my hands, and I have lost them all; but whatever I have placed in God's hands, that I still possess"

"How soon 'not now' becomes 'never'."

Born: 1483-11-10

Died: 1546-02-18

Make changes yourself !

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