This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2011)

Eger is also the German name for the Czech town of Cheb and for the Ohře river.

Eger
File:Eger Hungary.jpg
Coat of arms
Eger Location of Eger
Coordinates: 47°53′56″N 20°22′29″E / 47.89902°N 20.37470°E / 47.89902; 20.37470Coordinates: 47°53′56″N 20°22′29″E / 47.89902°N 20.37470°E / 47.89902; 20.37470
Country	Hungary
County	Heves
Government
• Mayor	László Habis
Area
• Total	92.2 km2 (35.6 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	56,530
• Density	610.8/km2 (1,582/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	3300
Area code(s)	36
Website	http://www.eger.hu/

Eger - Dobó square and the castle.

Eger (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛɡɛr]; German: Erlau; Turkish: Eğri ) is the second largest city in Northern Hungary, the county seat of Heves, east of the Mátra Mountains. Eger is best known for its castle, thermal baths, historic buildings (including the northernmost Turkish minaret), and red and white wines.

Name[link]

Eger

The name Eger is thought to derive from the Hungarian word égerfa (alder tree). In German, the town is known as Erlau, in Latin as Agria, in Serbian and Croatian as Jegar / Јегар or Jegra / Јегра, in Czech and Slovene as Jager, in Slovak as Jáger, in Polish as Jagier, and in Turkish as Eğri.

History[link]

Eger has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Today's Eger was formed in the 10th century by St. Stephen (997–1038), the first Christian king of Hungary, who founded an episcopal see in Eger. The first cathedral of Eger was built on Castle Hill, within the present site of Eger Castle. Eger grew up around its former cathedral and has remained an important religious centre in Hungary since its foundation. The 14th-16th centuries were an age of prosperity for Eger. Winegrowing, for which the town is still famous for, began to be important around that time. The bishops of Eger built beautiful buildings in the city during 18th and 19th centuries.

During the Turkish advance into Central Hungary, Eger became an important border fortress, successfully defended by Hungarian forces in the 1552 Siege of Eger. The first writer of note to draw on the story was the Hungarian renaissance poet and musician Sebestyén Tinódi Lantos (c. 1510-1556), whose account may have come partly from eye witnesses. Most Hungarians know best the version of this story found in the 1899 novel "Eclipse of the Crescent Moon" (Hungarian "Egri csillagok", lit. "Stars of Eger") by the 19th century Hungarian author Gárdonyi Géza, which is set reading under the Hungarian national curriculum.

However, Eger was attacked in 1596 by a bigger army of Turks, who took over the castle after a short siege. Then followed 91 years of Ottoman rule in which Eger was the seat of the Turkish Eger Eyalet (administrative division). Churches were converted into mosques, the castle rebuilt, and other structures erected, including public baths and minarets.

The rule of the Turks in Central Hungary began to collapse after a failed Ottoman attempt to capture Vienna. The Vienna-based Habsburgs, who controlled the rest of Hungary, apart from Transylvania, steadily expelled the Turks from the country. The castle of Eger was starved into surrender by the Christian army led by Charles of Lorraine in 1687, after the castle of Buda had been retaken in 1686.

Eger Minorite Church

Eger Castle

Main entrance of the castle

Eger minaret

Eger soon began to prosper again. The city was reclaimed by its bishops, which caused many local Protestants to leave. Although the city supported the Hungarian leader Prince Francis II Rákóczi in the 1703-1711 war of independence against the Habsburgs, the Hungarians were eventually defeated by the Imperial army. Soon after that, the city was ravaged by plague. However, immigration into Eger was strong, and the population rose from 6000 to 10,000 between 1725 and 1750. Many new buildings were built in Baroque and later in Rococo and Neoclassical style, including the cathedral, the Archiepiscopal Palace, the County Hall, the Lyceum (now housing the Eszterházy College of Education) and several churches, while others were reclaimed from being mosques.

The 19th century began with disasters: a fire that destroyed half the town in 1800, and a collapse of the south wall of the Castle in 1801, which ruined several houses. Eger became the seat of an archbishopric in 1804, and the church remained in firm control of the city, despite efforts by its citizens to obtain greater freedom. In 1827, much of the city centre was damaged by fire again, and four years later over 200 were killed in an outbreak of cholera.

The inhabitants of Eger took an active part in the revolution in 1848. Even though the revolution was suppressed, the age of landowners and serfs had gone forever, and the municipality gained freedom from the rule of the archbishop in 1854. However, the main railway line between Miskolc and Pest bypassed the city, which was only reached later by a branch line from Füzesabony.

Economic recovery was slow after World War I, although the 1899 publication of Gárdonyi's "Eclipse of the Crescent Moon" made Eger popular as a tourist attraction and archaeological excavation of the castle resumed. In World War II, the city suffered under the retreating German army and the arriving Soviet army, but it managed to escape major bombardment.

Eger today is a prosperous city and popular tourist destination with a charming Baroque town centre.

Ecclesiastical history[link]

Eger is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Eger, an ecclesiastical province of Hungary founded as a bishopric in 1009 and made a Metropolitan archdiocese in 1804, by Pope Pius VII. The current archbishop-elect, Archbishop Csaba Ternyak, was previously Secretary for the Congregation For Clergy. He succeeds Archbishop István Seregely, who retired because of age. The constituent dioceses of the province were Košice (Kassa, Kaschau), Rožňava (Rozsnyó, Rosenau, now part of Slovakia), Szatmár and Szepes (Zipo, Zipsen).

Wine[link]

Beside its historic sights and its thermal baths, Eger is famous for its wines. In fact, it produces both red and white wines of high quality Eger Wine Region. The famous and traditional varieties of the region are Egri Leányka, Egerszóláti Olaszrizling, Debrői Hárslevelű (whites), and Egri Bikavér (a red). More recently, Chardonnay and Pinot noir wines have appeared. The region's wines are said to bear a resemblance to those of Burgundy. Although the quality of the wines deteriorated in the second half of the 20th century, especially the cuvees, Eger is slowly recovering its reputation as a wine region.

Transportation[link]

Rail[link]

The main railway station is located 1,5 km from the city center. MÁV operates fast train services to Budapest, and the trip is about 1 1/2 hours. This is called the intercity train. The regional train takes just over 2 hours with no changing of trains. Local trains to Füzesabony and Szilvásvárad also depart from this station. Almar is a popular stop for weekend gardeners and hikers alike. There are also smaller stations located near the Castle (Varallomas), and in the Felnémet district, that are served by the Eger - Szilvásvárad local trains.

Coach[link]

The long distance bus stop is in the city center. Buses depart approx. every 30 minutes to Budapest, and the trip to the capital is about 1 1/2 hours. Agria Volán operates an extensive network of suburban and long distance buses. Other bus companies also offer connections to a variety of destinations. Taking the bus to Felsotarkany gets you close to several hiking and mountain biking trails that start in town. Trails are well marked, and maps come in handy when identifying trailheads starting from town.

Local Bus[link]

Agria Volan also operates a fleet of local buses, serving most parts of the city, although the majority of buses run in North - South direction. Line 12 is the busiest line in the city, and it has stops at the Main Railway Station, the long distance bus station and in the city centre.

Districts[link]

The vineyard where Egri Bikavér is produced

Dobó Square and the Forst House

Aerial photography of the Castle and a part of the Downtown, Tetemvár, Almagyar and Cifra hóstya.

The ruins of the medieval cathedral

(Note: Most of these districts are historical, but they often appear on maps and street signs.)

• Almagyar - This hill in the Eastern part of the town is one of the smart areas of Eger, near the castle. The streets are steep, but the views are great! The southern part contains some of the buildings (campus and dormitories) of Eszterházy College.
• Almár - The northernmost part of the town, it consists mainly of weekend cottages and plots for gardeners.
• Belváros (City centre) - The centre of Eger is often called "the Baroque Pearl of Europe". Here are located Dobó tér, the main square of the historical town, surrounded by Baroque houses and St. Anthony's Church. Other historic buildings nearby include the Cathedral and the Lyceum.
• Berva is housing estate about 2 km to the NW of Eger. Founded in 1951 it was a huge industrial park by the name of Finomszerelvénygyár, privatized in 1992.
• Castle of Eger - The oldest and most famous part of Eger.
• Cifra hóstya - North of downtown, this part of town is full of small houses and narrow streets. You can find the Firefighters' Museum there.
• Csákó - a suburban area with larger houses, east of the railway station.
• Érsekkert (Bishop's Garden) - The largest park in Eger, with sport facilities, a small lake, and a fountain.
• Felnémet - This village was annexed to Eger in the second half of the 20th century and still has a rural character. It became the suburb of Eger largely due to that towns expansion to the north. The parish church (1715-1750s, designed by Gian Battista Carlone, an Italian who settled in Eger) was started by Bishop Gábor Antal Erdődy as a votive church after an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1710, and completed by his successor. It was dedicated to St. Rosalia, a guardian against plague.
• Felsőváros (Upper Town, former Csebokszari) - The largest housing estate of Eger, it is full of four and ten-storied concrete buildings, providing homes for one third of the city's population. There are three high schools there.

• Hajdúhegy - a suburban area similar to Almagyar across the valley with downtown being in between these 2 hills.
• Hatvani hóstya - The district is split by Highway 25. It contains the stadium and the Reformed church.
• Industrial zone - Several multinational companies have moved into this area east of Lajosváros (Kanada).
• Károlyváros (Charles Town) - One of the largest districts of Eger, Károlyváros is west of downtown. It contains the High School for the Health Professions, and the Agria Park Shopping Mall.
• Lajosváros (Louis Town) - This district in the southern part of the town has several high schools and student hostels. It consists mainly of detached houses. Also called Kanada - rumor has it once emigrated to Canada retirees moved back here to the homeland.
• Maklári hóstya, Tihamér - This district is one of the fastest developing parts of the town. It contains public swimming pools.
• Pásztorvölgy - A suburban area. Also has a school.
• Rác hóstya - Another suburban area west from Upper Town.
• Szépasszonyvölgy ("Valley of the Beautiful Woman") - An area of Eger famous for its red wines (Bikaver or Bulls Blood) and known for its wine cellars.
• Tetemvár - Another suburban area. The name ("Corpses' Castle") derives from the legend that Turkish war dead were buried here in 1552.
• Vécseyvölgy - A suburban area with a small airfield for sports purposes.

Main sights[link]

This section requires expansion.

(Eger has 17 churches, but tourists usually visit only three or four)

• Castle of Eger
• The Cathedral or basilica, built in 1831-37 to Classicist designs by József Hild, is imposing rather than attractive, but contains some remarkable painting and sculpture. Late morning organ recitals are held frequently.
• Minaret, 17th century. The northernmost Turkish minaret in Europe is 40 meters high and one of only three survivors in Hungary. It can be climbed for a good view of the city centre.
• Város a város alatt (literally "City under the city") a system of cellars near the Cathedral.
• Szépasszonyvölgy ("The Valley of the Beautiful Woman". A valley on the southern edge of Eger which has numerous wine cellars, each with their own wine bar catering to tourists. A tram shuttles tourists to/from Dobó tér in the summer months.
• Dobó tér. The Baroque Minorite Church (1758–67), built to the designs of Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer of Prague with original ceiling frescoes by Márton Reindl, is the focal point of the city's most imposing square, flanked by the City Hall and the old priory buildings, part of which contain the Palóc Museum, showing the artefacts of a distinctive regional ethnic community. The square and several of the retail streets around it are pedestrianized.
• The Lyceum (Eszterházy College), designed by József Gerl and Jakab Fellner and built in 1765-85, is a splendid example of the restrained Zopf style. There are three remarkable 18th-century frescoed ceilings, of which only the one in the library is open to the public. Painted by the Viennese artist Johann Lukas Kracker in 1778, it depicts the Council of Trent of 1545-63, which launched the Counter-Reformation. Among the figures depicted are the Reformers Luther and Zwingli, whose "heretical" books are being struck by a bolt of lightning. The beautifully furnished library opened in 1793. There is a camera obscura or periscope at the top of the building, projecting images of the city onto a table.
• Turkish Bath
• The Provost Minor's Palace, 1758, is the finest Rococo building in the city. It also has a fine fresco by Kracker ("The Triumph of Virtue over Sin"), other 18th-century murals, and remarkable 18th-century wrought ironwork.
• Agria Park, a shopping mall which opened in March 2008.
• Archbishop's Garden
• The Fazola gate
• The Minorite Church
• The Serbian Orthodox Church (Rác-templom) is in Zopf style (1784–86). The interior was commissioned from the best Viennese artists by the rich local Serbian community of that time. It is dominated by a breath-taking iconostasis.
• The Cistercian church
• The Archbishop's Palace

Population[link]

Twin towns — Sister cities[link]

Twin towns — Sister cities[link]

Eger is twinned with:

• Dolný Kubín, Slovakia
• Cheboksary, Chuvash Republic, Russia
• Esslingen am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
• Gainesville, GA, USA
• Gheorgheni, Romania
• Kutná Hora, Czech Republic
• Mâcon, Burgundy, France
• Pamukkale, Turkey
• Pori, Finland
• Przemyśl, Poland
• Sarzana, Liguria, Italy

References[link]

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Agria". Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Eger

• Chasamsofer.com
• Official website (English) (Hungarian) (German) (French) (Dutch)
• Eger travel guide from Wikitravel
• Egercity.hu Full featured site of Eger with tourist information, maps, programmes (English) (Hungarian)
• A modern traveller's account of his visit to Eger
• Eszterházy College Eszterházy College (Hungarian) (English)
• Egervaros.hu
• Aerial photography: Eger
• Eger and its surroundings on old postcards (collection of the city library)
• Eger Photos Sightseeings and sights
• Eger Walking Tours Wine tasting and historical walking tours in Eger and surroundings.
• Eger - ShtetLink

v t e Heves County County seat: Eger Cities and towns Gyöngyös Hatvan Heves Füzesabony Lőrinci Bélapátfalva Kisköre Pétervására Villages Abasár Adács Aldebrő Andornaktálya Apc Átány Atkár Balaton Bátor Bekölce Besenyőtelek Boconád Bodony Boldog Bükkszék Bükkszenterzsébet Bükkszentmárton Csány Demjén Detk Domoszló Dormánd Ecséd Egerbakta Egerbocs Egercsehi Egerfarmos Egerszalók Egerszólát Erdőkövesd Erdőtelek Erk Fedémes Feldebrő Felsőtárkány Gyöngyöshalász Gyöngyösoroszi Gyöngyöspata Gyöngyössolymos Gyöngyöstarján Halmajugra Heréd Hevesaranyos Hevesvezekény Hort Istenmezeje Ivád Kál Kápolna Karácsond Kerecsend Kisfüzes Kisnána Kömlő Kompolt Ludas Maklár Markaz Mátraballa Mátraderecske Mátraszentimre Mezőszemere Mezőtárkány Mikófalva Mónosbél Nagyfüged Nagykökényes Nagyréde Nagytálya Nagyút Nagyvisnyó Noszvaj Novaj Ostoros Parád Parádsasvár Pély Petőfibánya Poroszló Recsk Rózsaszentmárton Sarud Sirok Szajla Szarvaskő Szentdomonkos Szihalom Szilvásvárad Szúcs Szűcsi Tarnabod Tarnalelesz Tarnaméra Tarnaörs Tarnaszentmária Tarnaszentmiklós Tarnazsadány Tenk Terpes Tiszanána Tófalu Újlőrincfalva Vámosgyörk Váraszó Vécs Verpelét Visonta Visznek Zagyvaszántó Zaránk Other topics History Geography Government Economy Culture Tourism

v t e Counties of Hungary Counties Bács-Kiskun Baranya Békés Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Csongrád Fejér Győr-Moson-Sopron Hajdú-Bihar Heves Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Komárom-Esztergom Nógrád Pest Somogy Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Tolna Vas Veszprém Zala Urban counties Békéscsaba Budapest (capital) Debrecen Dunaújváros Eger Érd Győr Hódmezővásárhely Kaposvár Kecskemét Miskolc Nagykanizsa Nyíregyháza Pécs Salgótarján Sopron Szeged Székesfehérvár Szekszárd Szolnok Szombathely Tatabánya Veszprém Zalaegerszeg

Ebru Yaşar (pronounced [ebˈɾuː jaˈʃaɾ]) (born 8 August 1978 in Ankara) is a popular Turkish with Kurdish descent pop folk music singer.^[1]

Music[link]

In 1995 Ebru Was only 17 when She released her debut album "Bu Şahilde" . The album made little impact on the Turkish music Market. Then in 1999, with the aid of her friend Ibrahim Tatlises released the hugely massive "Seni Anan Benim Için Doğurmuş". The title track from this album was incredibly popular and landed Ebru into the Turkish music scene. After another 4 years, in 2003 she released the album "Aşkımız Buraya Kadar" which embodied hit songs such as "Aşkımız Buraya Kadar", Yeminim Var" and "O Değil". In 2006 summer, Ebru released the long awaited album "Yeşillenirim". The album was immensely popular, the best selling of all her albums. The song "Yeşillenirim" was played for weeks on end on TV and Radio.

By the end of 2008 a new album was lunched. "Seviyorum Seni", the album was in a duet with Ismail YK and It was considered as a Major hit in Turkish pop music, Ebru Yaşar was named the Female Singer of the Year, Ebru still sat on top of the music list.

Ebru Songs is to be pinpointed as a mile stone in the Turkish Folk music History.

Discography[link]

• Bu Sahilde (Çaçan Müzik 1995)
• Sevenler Ölmez (Çaçan Müzik 1997)
• Seni Anan Benim İçin Doğurmuş (İdobay 1999)
• Aşkımız Buraya Kadar (İdobay 2003)
• Yeşillenirim (Erol Köse 2006)
• Seviyorum Seni (Avrupa Müzik 2008)
• Delidir (2011)

Television career[link]

The popular music channel KRAL airs Ebru's own show called "Uzun Geceler" every Thursday at 20.30

External links[link]

• Official website
• Fan Site

1. ^ http://www.habervitrini.com/haber.asp?id=175304

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (October 2008)

Can Dündar (Born June 16, 1961, Ankara, Turkey) is a Turkish journalist, columnist and documentarian. He is one of the best known figures in Turkish media,^[1] described as possessing "impeccable republican credentials".^[2]

Biography[link]

He studied journalism at Ankara University, Faculty of Political Science and graduated in 1982. He continued his education in London School of Journalism in 1986. Can Dündar received his master's degree in 1988 and earned 1996 his Ph.D. in politics from Middle East Technical University, Ankara.

He has produced many television programs for the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) and various private channels. He currently writes a column for Milliyet.

He is married to Dilek Dündar^[3] and the couple has one child. His father allegedly worked for the National Intelligence Organization.^[4]

Controversies[link]

He has been criticized for his work "Mustafa" which depicted the founder of Republic of Turkey as a regular man with his fears, passions and humanly expectations, rather than a life-size hero.^[5]

Documentaries[link]

• Demirkırat (1991),
• 12 Mart (March 12)(1994),
• Cumhuriyetin Kraliçeleri (The Queens of the Republic) (1992),
• Sarı Zeybek (The Yellow [Blond] Zeybek) (1993), Gölgedekiler (The ones in the shadow)(1994–1995),
• Yükselen Bir Deniz (The Rising Sea)(1998),
• İsmet Paşa (1999),
• Devlet Tiyatroları (Government theaters)(1999),
• Köy Enstitüleri (Village Institutes) (2000),
• Halef (The Successor) (2003),
• Nazım Hikmet (2002),
• Bir Yaşam İksiri (A life potion) (2003),
• Yüzyılın Aşkları (Loves of the century)(2004),
• Karaoğlan (Black boy)(2004),
• Mustafa (2008)

Books[link]

• Hayata ve Siyasete Dair (About Life and Politics)),
• Yağmurdan Sonra(After the Rain),
• Ergenekon. The first book on Ergenekon.
• Yarim Haziran(My Love June),
• Benım Gençliğim(My youth),
• Köy Enstitüleri(Village Institutions),
• Yaveri Atatürk'ü Anlatıyor (Atatürk's assistant talks about him),
• Nereye?(Where to?),
• Uzaklar(Far away places),
• Yükselen Deniz(Rising Sea),
• Savaşta Ne Yaptın Baba?(What have you done in the war, father?),
• Büyülü Fener(Magic Lantern),
• Bir Yaşam İksiri(A life potion),
• Mustafa Kemal Aramızda(Mustafa Kemal is Among Us),
• Yıldızlar(The stars),
• Demirkırat,
• Sarı Zeybek(Yellow zeybek),
• Gölgedekiler(The ones in the shadow)
• İlk Türk Hititologu: Sedat Alp, (First Turkish hittitologue: Sedat Alp)
• Kırmızı Bisiklet(Red bike),
• Nazım,
• Karaoğlan(Black boy),
• Vehbi Koç,
• İsmet Paşa,
• Yüzyılın Aşkları(The loves of the century),
• Yakamdaki Yüzler(The faces on my collar),
• Ben Böyle Veda Etmeliyim(I should say goodbye like that).

References[link]

1. ^ "Gölbaşı ammunition may shed light on unsolved murders". Today's Zaman. 2009-01-10. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=163649. Retrieved 2009-01-09. "Can Dündar, a prominent writer and documentarian..." 
2. ^ Villelabeitia, Ibon (2008-11-08). "Is Turkey reassessing Ataturk’s legacy?". Reuters. http://blogs.reuters.com/global/2008/11/10/is-turkey-reassessing-ataturks-legacy/. Retrieved 2008-12-25. 
3. ^ "Can Dündar teknede bir kızla öpüşürken yakalandı! Dilek Dündar bu öpücüğe ne diyecek?" (in Turkish). Hürriyetport. http://www.hurriyetport.com/magazin/can-dundar-teknede-bir-kizla-opusurken-yakalandi-dilek-dundar-bu-opucuge-ne-diyecek. Retrieved 2011-06-28. 
4. ^ Acar, Erkan (2008-02-11). "Nuri Gündeş: Can Dündar'ın babası MİT görevlisiydi". Zaman. http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=650422. Retrieved 2009-01-09. 
5. ^ ATEŞ, TOKTAMIŞ (2008-11-02). "Can Dündar and ‘Mustafa'". Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=158450. Retrieved 2009-01-09. 

External links[link]

• Official website with a complete archive his columns in Turkish

This Turkish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Can Yücel (1926, İstanbul - August 16, 1999 Datça) was a Turkish poet noted for his use of colloquial language.

Biography[link]

Can Yücel was the son of a former Minister of National Education, Hasan Ali Yücel who left his mark on the history of education in Turkey, and a grandchild of an Ottoman sea captain who perished with the frigate Ertuğrul. He studied Latin and Ancient Greek at Ankara University and Cambridge. He later worked as a translator at several embassies and in the Turkish language section of the BBC in London. After his return to Turkey in 1958, he briefly worked as a tourist guide in Bodrum and Marmaris, and then lived in Istanbul where he worked as a freelance translator and started writing poetry.

In his later years, he settled in the remote peninsular town of Datça in southwestern Turkey where he died of throat cancer. His tomb is much visited. He had two daughters, Güzel and Su, and a son, Hasan, from his marriage to Güler Yücel.

Literary style[link]

Can Yücel was known for using slang and vulgar language in his poems. However, even his critics agreed that his skill in using words in a simple and understandable way is worthy of praise and appreciation. The main themes and inspirational sources in his poems are nature, people, events, concepts, excitements, perceptions, and emotions. His family was of utmost importance to him and his loved ones are mentioned in many of his poems, such as "To my Little Daughter Su," "To Güzel," and "I Loved My Father the Most in Life."

Yücel also translated the works of Shakespeare, Lorca and Brecht into Turkish and his creative rendering of these authors are classics in their own right in Turkey.^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]