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Year 535 (DXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Belisarius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1288 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 535 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events[link]

By place[link]

Eastern Roman Empire[link]

• Justinian I orders Belisarius to start the reconquest of Italy; Mundus simultaneously invades Dalmatia.
• Solomon scores two victories over the Moorish rebels in Africa, at Mount Mammes and Mount Bourgaon, clearing Byzacena of them
• December 31 – Belisarius completes the conquest of Sicily, defeating the Ostrogothic garrison of Syracuse, and ending his consulship for the year.

Asia[link]

China[link]

• The Western Wei Dynasty begins in China; the first ruler is Wen Di.
• Significant to the history of agriculture, the Chinese author Jia Sixia writes the treatise Chi Min Yao Shu in this year, and although it quotes 160 previous Chinese agronomy books, it is the oldest existent Chinese agriculture treatise. In over 100,000 written Chinese characters, the book covers land preparation, seeding, cultivation, orchard management, forestry, animal husbandry, trade, and culinary uses for crops.

Java[link]

• Reports of the eruption of Krakatoa, which possibly lead to several years of climate change (see Climate changes of 535–536), are recorded in the Javanese Book of Kings.

By topic[link]

Religion[link]

• May 13 – Pope Agapetus I succeeds Pope John II as the 57th pope.
• Anthimus becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
• The Christian basilica at Leptis Magna is built in North Africa.

Meteorology[link]

• The weather is reported to be unusually cold and dark in multiple parts of the world; see climate changes of 535–536.

Births[link]

• Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi

Deaths[link]

• May 8 – Pope John II
• June 5 – Epiphanius, Patriarch of Constantinople
• Amalasuntha, queen of the Ostrogoths (killed in exile)
• Timothy, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria
• Shengyi
• Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei
• Xie He (artist), Chinese artist (b. c. 500) (approximate date).
• Xu Mian

References[link]

Heinz Holliger

Heinz Holliger (born 21 May 1939) is a Swiss oboist, composer and conductor.

Biography[link]

He was born in Langenthal, Switzerland, and began his musical education at the conservatories of Bern and Basel. He studied composition with Sándor Veress and Pierre Boulez. Holliger took first prize for oboe in the International Competition in Geneva in 1959.

He has become one of the world's most celebrated oboists, and many composers (including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Elliott Carter, Frank Martin, Hans Werner Henze, Witold Lutosławski, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Isang Yun) have written works for him. He began teaching at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg, Germany in 1966.

In 1972 Holliger, Maurice Bourgue (oboe), Klaus Thunemann (bassoon), and Christiane Jaccottet (continuo) et al. recorded the Six Trio Sonatas for Oboe and Bassoon by Jan Dismas Zelenka. This recording is credited for the "Zelenka Renaissance".

Holliger has also composed many works in a variety of media. Many of his works have been recorded for the ECM label.

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the 17th composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 2007 in chamber music and a symphonic concert that he conducted himself, including works of Claude Debussy and Robert Schumann along with his Lieder after Georg Trakl and Gesänge der Frühe on words of Schumann and Friedrich Hölderlin.

On the occasion of Paul Sacher's 70th birthday, Holliger was one of twelve composer-friends of his who were asked by Russian cellist Mstislav Rostropovich to write compositions for cello solo using his name spelt out in German names for musical notes on the theme (eS, A, C, H, E, Re); Holliger contributed a Chaconne for Violoncello Solo. The compositions were partially presented in Zurich on 2 May 1976. The whole "eSACHERe" project was (for the first time in complete performance) performed by Czech cellist František Brikcius in May 2011 in Prague.^[1]

Awards[link]

• Léonie Sonning Music Prize (1987; Denmark)
• Zurich Festival Prize (2007)^[2]
• Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1991)
• Rheingau Musikpreis (2008)

Selected works[link]

• Sequenzen über Johannes I,32 (1962) for harp
• Siebengesang (1966–1967) for solo oboe, orchestra, voices and loudspeaker
• Streichquartett (1973) for string quartet
• Scardanelli-Zyklus (1975–1991) for solo flute, small orchestra, tape and mixed choir
• Come and Go / Va et vient / Kommen und Gehen (1976/1977), opera to a text by Samuel Beckett
• Not I (1978–1980) monodrama for soprano and tape
• Studie über Mehrklänge (1979) for oboe solo
• Lieder ohne Worte (1982–1994), two sets of works for violin and piano
• Gesänge der Frühe for choir, orchestra and tape, after Schumann and Hölderlin (1987)
• What Where (1988), chamber opera
• Alb-Chehr (1991) for speaker, singers and chamber ensemble
• Fünf Lieder für Altstimme und großes Orchester nach Gedichten von Georg Trakl (1992–2006)
• Violin Concerto Hommage à Louis Soutter (1993–1995)
• Schneewittchen (1998), opera based on a text by Robert Walser
• Puneigä ten songs with twelve players after Anna Maria Bacher's poems (2000/02)
• Ma'mounia for percussion solo and instrumental quintet (2002)
• Romancendres for cello and piano (2003)
• Induuchlen, four songs for counter-tenor and horn, for Klaus Huber (2004)
• Toronto-Exercises for flute (also alto flute), clarinet, violin, harp and marimbaphone (2005)

References[link]

1. ^ eSACHERe
2. ^ "Zurich Festival Prize for Heinz Holliger", Schott Music

External links[link]

• Heinz Holliger at Schott Music
• (French) A biography of Heinz Holliger, from IRCAM's website.
• Katharina Jing An Gebauer (March 2008). "Heinz Holliger – Leben und Werk" (in German) (PDF (18MB)). BA (Composition) Thesis. http://finanzblog.kaywa.com/files/Bachelorarbeit.pdf. Retrieved 22 May 2008. 

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