Herbert James "Burt" Munro (Bert in his youth) (25 March 1899 – 6 January 1978) was a New Zealand motorcycle racer, famous for setting an under-1,000 cc world record, at Bonneville, 26 August 1967.^[2] This record still stands today. Munro was 68 and was riding a 47-year-old machine when he set his last record.^[3]

Working from his home in Invercargill, he worked for 20 years to highly modify the 1920 Indian motorcycle that he had bought that same year. Munro set his first New Zealand speed record in 1938 and later set seven more. He travelled to compete at the Bonneville Salt Flats, attempting to set world speed records. During his ten visits to the salt flats, he set three speed records, one of which still stands today.

His efforts, and success, are the basis of the motion picture The World's Fastest Indian (2005), starring Anthony Hopkins, and an earlier 1971 short documentary film Burt Munro: Offerings to the God of Speed,^[4] both directed by Roger Donaldson.

Early life[link]

Munro was born in 1899 in Invercargill. His twin sister died at birth^[2] and Munro grew up on a farm in Edendale, east of Invercargill.

Munro's interest in speed began at a young age, riding the family's fastest horse across the farm, despite the complaints of his father. Trips via train to the port at Invercargill were a rare source of excitement, and the arrival of cars, motorcycles and aircraft added to Burt's eagerness to join the world outside of his farm. As Munro's family discouraged his endeavours outside of farm life, he became constantly bored with daily routine, and at the outbreak of World War I, he intended to go to war as soon as he was old enough, for a chance to see the world.^[1]

Munro remained on the family farm until the end of the First World War, when his father sold the farm. At that time, Munro worked on the Otira Tunnel construction until recalled to work with his father on a newly purchased farm.^[1] After this he became a professional speedway rider, but returned home to the family farm at the start of the Great Depression. Finding work as a motorcycle salesman and mechanic, he still raced motorcycles and rose to the top of the New Zealand motorcycle scene, racing on Oreti Beach and later in Melbourne, Australia.^[1]

After World War II, Munro and his wife divorced, and he subsequently gave up work to reside in a lock-up garage.^[5]

Challenges[link]

A replica of the 1920 Indian (with half the exterior removed to show detail) that Burt Munro used to set his record in 1967

Munro's Indian Scout was very early off the production line, being only the 627th Scout to leave the American factory.^[6] The bike had an original top speed of 55 mph (89 km/h).^[2] But this did not satisfy Munro, so in 1926 he decided to start modifying his beloved Indian.

The biggest two challenges for Munro to overcome while modifying his bike were his lack of money and the fact that he worked full time as a motorcycle salesman.^{[citation needed]} He would often work overnight on his bikes (he had a 1936 Velocette MSS as well), then he would go to work in the morning, having had no sleep the night before.

Because Munro was a man of modest means, he would often make parts and tools himself instead of having them professionally built. For example, he would cast parts in old tins, make his own barrels, pistons, flywheels, etc. His micrometer (a precision measuring instrument) was an old spoke.^[2]

In its final stages, the Indian's displacement was 950 cc (as built it was 600 cc) and was driven by a triple chain drive system.^[2]

The "Munro Special," as Munro called his bike, is now owned by a motorcycle enthusiast in New Zealand's South Island, and is on display at E Hayes & Sons, Invercargill.^[7] There is also a second motorcycle purported to be the original "Munro Special" in Te Papa Museum (Wellington).^[8]

Bonneville Salt Flats and Speed Week[link]

The Bonneville Salt Flats in northwestern Utah, are known worldwide for their many miles of flat, compacted salt, perfect for testing speed machines. During Speed Week, usually in mid-late August, vehicle enthusiasts from around the world gather at Bonneville.^{[citation needed]}

Munro travelled to Bonneville ten times, the first time for "sightseeing" purposes. In the nine times he raced at Bonneville,^{[citation needed]} Munro set three world records, in 1962, 1966 and 1967. He also once qualified at over 200 mph (320 km/h), but that was an unofficial run and was not counted.

Following the misspelling of his name in an American motorcycling magazine in 1957, Bert Munro changed his name to Burt.^[1]

Personal life[link]

Munro had four children—John, June, Margaret and Gwen—with his wife Florence Beryl Martyn, whom he married in 1927. They were divorced in 1947.

Having suffered from angina since the late 1950s, Munro suffered a partial stroke in 1977, and was admitted to hospital. He found his co-ordination had diminished. Frustrated, but wanting his motorcycles to remain in Southland, he sold both machines to a local dealer.^{[citation needed]}

Munro died of natural causes on 6 January 1978, aged 78 years.

Records[link]

• In 1962, he set a world record of 288 km/h (178.95 mph) with his engine bored out to 850 cc (52 cubic inches)^[2]
• In 1966, he set a world record of 270.476 km/h (168.066 mph)^[9]
• In 1967, his engine was bored out to 950 cc (58 cubic inches) and he set a class record of 295.453 km/h (183.586 mph). To qualify he made a one-way run of 305.89 km/h (190.07 mph), the fastest-ever officially-recorded speed on an Indian.^[2] The unofficial speed record (officially timed) is 331 km/h (205.67 mph) for a flying mile.^[2]
• In 2006, he was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame.^[10]

[edit] Feature film The World's Fastest Indian

Burt Munro was the subject of a 2005 film, The World's Fastest Indian, based on a composite of his Bonneville speed runs.

Sources[link]

• Burt Munro: Indian Legend of Speed, George Begg (2002)
• One Good Run: The Legend of Burt Munro, Tim Hanna (2006)

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Burt Munro

• E Hayes and Sons: The World's Fastest Indian Exhibition (original motorcyles), The World's Fastest Indian Legend
• The World's Fastest Indian at the Internet Movie Database
• Offerings to the God of Speed at the Internet Movie Database, a documentary
• Motorcycle Hall of Fame bio and photos
• Burt Munro Biography more detailed biography and photos
• “Hero!” article, courtesy of “Classic Bike” magazine to Granite State BMW Riders
• Burt Munro at Find a Grave

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2011)

Billy Idol
Billy Idol at Bospop festival 2010, Weert, the Netherlands
Background information
Birth name	William Michael Albert Broad
Born	(1955-11-30) 30 November 1955 (age 56) Stanmore, Middlesex, England
Genres	Punk rock, hard rock, glam rock, dance rock, New Wave, post-punk
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, musician, actor
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, bass guitar
Years active	1972–present
Labels	Chrysalis, EMI, Sanctuary
Associated acts	Generation X, Digital Underground, Mister Pusha, Chelsea
Website	www.billyidol.net

William Michael Albert Broad (born 30 November 1955), better known by his stage name Billy Idol, is an English rock musician. A member of the Bromley Contingent of Sex Pistols fans, Idol first achieved fame in the punk rock era as a member of the band Generation X. He then embarked on a successful solo career, aided by a series of stylish^{[citation needed]} music videos, making him one of the first MTV stars. Idol continues to tour with guitarist Steve Stevens and has a worldwide fan base.^{[citation needed]}

Life and career[link]

Early life and Generation X[link]

Idol was born in Stanmore, Middlesex, the son of a salesman.^[1]. The name Billy Idol was inspired by a schoolteacher's description of Broad as "idle".^[2]

In 1958, when Idol was two years old, his parents moved to Patchogue, New York, on Long Island. The family returned to England four years later with Idol and a younger child Jane (who had been born in the US), settling in Dorking, Surrey.^[1] In 1971 the family moved to Bromley, southeastern London, where Idol attended Ravensbourne School for Boys. Idol (rather William Broad) also attended Worthing High School for Boys (later becoming Worthing College), in West Sussex. In October 1975, Idol went to the University of Sussex, near Brighton, to pursue an English degree and lived on campus (East Slope) but left after year one (1976). He then went on to join the Bromley Contingent of Sex Pistols fans, a loose gang that travelled into town when the band played.^[3][4]

Idol first joined the punk rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (before the band had decided on that name) in 1976, but soon quit and joined Chelsea in 1977 as a guitarist. However, he and Chelsea bandmate Tony James soon left that group and co-founded Generation X, with Idol switching from guitarist to lead singer. Generation X were one of the first punk bands to appear on the BBC Television music programme Top of the Pops.^[5] Although a punk rock band, they were inspired by mid-Sixties British pop, in sharp contrast to their more militant peers, with Idol stating; "We were saying the opposite to the Clash and the Pistols. They were singing 'No Elvis, Beatles or the Rolling Stones', but we were honest about what we liked. The truth was, we were all building our music on the Beatles and the Stones".^[3] Generation X signed to Chrysalis Records and released three albums and performed in the 1980 film, D.O.A., before disbanding. Idol moved to New York in 1981, and became a solo artist working with Steve Stevens, Phil Feit and Steve Missal. Idol's debut solo album, Billy Idol, was released in July 1982.^[6]

Early solo success[link]

Idol's solo career began with the EP titled Don't Stop in 1981, which included the Generation X song "Dancing with Myself", originally recorded for their last album Kiss Me Deadly, and a cover of Tommy James & The Shondells' song "Mony Mony". In 1982, Idol became an MTV staple with "White Wedding" and "Dancing with Myself". In 1983, in an effort to introduce Idol to American audiences not yet as familiar with him as those in the UK, Idol's label released "Dancing with Myself" in the US in conjunction with a music video directed by Tobe Hooper, which played on MTV for six months.

[edit] Rebel Yell and superstar years

Steve Stevens and Billy Idol

Idol's second LP, Rebel Yell (1983) was a major success^{[citation needed]} and established Idol's superstar status^{[citation needed]} in the United States with hits like "Eyes Without a Face," "Flesh For Fantasy", and the title cut. Idol also became very popular in Europe^{[citation needed]} thanks to this album and its singles, particularly in Germany, Italy, Switzerland and later in the UK. Tracks from the album featured in the 1988 Hollywood comedy film Big,^[7] which starred Tom Hanks.

Idol released Whiplash Smile in 1986, which sold well.^{[citation needed]} The album included the hits "To Be a Lover," "Don't Need a Gun" and "Sweet Sixteen". Idol filmed a video featuring "Sweet Sixteen" (which he also wrote) in Florida's Coral Castle. The song was inspired by the story of Edward Leedskalnin's former love, Agnes Scuffs, who was the main reason Leedskalnin built the structure over a period of decades, starting years after she jilted him the day before their scheduled wedding in their native Latvia. Stevens parted ways with Idol after Whiplash Smile. In 1986, Stevens appeared with Harold Faltermeyer on the Top Gun soundtrack. Their contribution was the Grammy winning instrumental, "Top Gun Anthem".

A remix album was released in 1987 called, Vital Idol. The album featured a live rendition of his cover of Tommy James' "Mony Mony". The single topped the US chart in 1987.^{[citation needed]}

In 1989, Idol appeared on stage with The Who as Cousin Kevin as part of the live version of Tommy, which was aired as an HBO special and released on home video and later as a DVD. In later years, Idol also stood in as a guest performer with The Who on "Bell Boy", a hit from their rock opera album Quadrophenia, and provided the lead vocals that were originally sung by the band's late drummer Keith Moon. On these brief appearances, Idol dressed in a full bell boy's uniform to reflect upon Moon's eccentricity on stage.

Idol was involved in a serious motorcycle accident which nearly cost him a leg on 6 February 1990 at the corner of Gordon Avenue and Fountain Avenue in Hollywood.^[8] He was hit by a car when he ran a stop sign while driving home from the studio one night, requiring a steel rod to be placed in his leg.^[9] Shortly prior to this, film director James Cameron had chosen Idol to play the T-1000 character in Terminator 2: Judgment Day and had drawn storyboards to resemble him, but the accident prevented Idol from accepting.^[10]

Charmed Life was released in 1990, and a video for the single "Cradle of Love" had to be shot. The song had been featured in the Andrew Dice Clay film, The Adventures of Ford Fairlane. Since Idol was unable to walk, he was shot from the waist up. The video featured video footage of him singing in large frames throughout an apartment, while Betsy Lynn George was trying to seduce a businessman. The video was placed in rotation on MTV. Idol and George recreated the opening of the video for the 1991 American Music Awards.^{[citation needed]} Against his doctors' advice, he also managed to make appearances to promote Charmed Life.

Idol made a cameo appearance in the 1998 film The Wedding Singer with Adam Sandler, in which Idol ultimately saved the relationship between characters Robbie Hart (Sandler) and Julia Sullivan (played by Drew Barrymore). Idol also had a small part in the movie The Doors, directed by Oliver Stone. Idol played Jim Morrison's drinking buddy, Cat.^[11] Idol also performed at Roger Waters' live concert The Wall Live in Berlin in 1990.

Crisis and resurgence[link]

Billy Idol in concert

In 1993, Idol released Cyberpunk. Regarded as experimental, it was recorded in a home studio using a Macintosh computer, which was a new concept at the time. Idol recorded the album with guitarist Mark Younger-Smith and producer Robin Hancock. Special editions of the album were issued with a floppy disc which contained a screensaver. It was the first album which listed the e-mail address of the artist (idol@well.sf.ca.us, which is now inactive) in its booklet. In 1996, Idol appeared in a live version of The Who's Quadrophenia. He returned to the public eye in 1998, when he played himself in The Wedding Singer, in which "White Wedding" was also the title track. He was also considered for the role of the villain, Jacob Kell, in Highlander: Endgame, although ultimately Bruce Payne was cast. He also shared the stage with the band Third Eye Blind.^{[citation needed]}

VH1 aired Billy Idol - Behind the Music on 16 April 2001. The Behind the Music series was popular, and each band or artist that was featured on that program usually gained a resurgence of interest after the show had aired.^{[citation needed]} Idol and Stevens were no exceptions, taking part in a VH1 Storytellers show three days later. The reunited duo set out to play a series of acoustic/storytellers shows before recording the VH1 special. The acoustic tour was a success,^{[citation needed]} and Idol eventually started adding new material into the show. Another Greatest Hits CD was issued in 2001, with Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff's "Don't You (Forget About Me)" appearing on the compilation. Forsey and Schiff had originally written it with Idol in mind, but the singer turned it down and eventually the song was given to Simple Minds, who made it a hit in 1985. The album also includes a live acoustic version of "Rebel Yell", taken from a performance at Los Angeles station KROQ's 1993 Acoustic Christmas concert.

In 2000, Idol was invited to be a guest vocalist on Tony Iommi's album. His contribution was on the song "Into The Night", which he also co-wrote. That year he voice acted the role of Odin, a mysterious alien character, in the animated fantasy film Heavy Metal 2000. In the 2002 NRL Grand Final in Sydney, Idol entered the playing field for the pre-match entertainment on a hovercraft-type stage to the intro of "White Wedding", when he managed to sing only two words before a power failure ended the performance.^[12] "White Wedding" appeared on popular video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on fictional Classic rock radio station, K-DST.

[edit] Devil's Playground and beyond

Devil's Playground, which came out in March 2005, was Idol's first new studio album in nearly 12 years. It reached #46 on the Billboard 200. The album included a cover of "Plastic Jesus". Idol played a handful of dates on the 2005 Vans Warped Tour and also appeared at the UK's Download Festival at Donington Park, the Voodoo Music Experience in New Orleans and Rock am Ring.^[13] In 2006, as his only UK live date, he appeared headlining the Sunday night of GuilFest. That same year he made an appearance on Viva La Bam where he helped Bam Margera succeed in "creating" a sunroof for his $250,000 Lamborghini Gallardo and performed live for April Margera for her birthday. In 2006, Idol guested on his keyboardist Derek Sherinian's solo album Blood of the Snake, covering the 1970 Mungo Jerry hit "In the Summertime". A video was made featuring Idol and guitarist Slash. In November 2006, Idol released a Christmas album called Happy Holidays.

In 2008, "Rebel Yell" appeared as a playable track on the video game, Guitar Hero World Tour, and "White Wedding" on Rock Band 2. The Rock Band 2 platform later gaining "Mony Mony" and "Rebel Yell" as downloadable tracks. On 24 June 2008, Idol released a new greatest hits album, The Very Best of Billy Idol: Idolize Yourself. The compilation featured two previously unreleased tracks, "John Wayne" and "New Future Weapon". A third track, "Fractured", was available for download on iTunes. He embarked on a worldwide tour, co-headlining with Def Leppard.

In July 2009, Idol performed at the Congress Theater, Chicago for the US TV series Soundstage. This performance was recorded and was released on DVD as In Super Overdrive Live, on 17 November 2009.^[14]

Recent events[link]

On 16 February 2010, Idol was announced as one of the acts to play the Download Festival in Donington Park. He stated, "With all of these great heavyweight and cool bands playing Download this year, I'm going to have to come armed with my punk rock attitude, Steve Stevens, and all of my classic songs plus a couple of way out covers. Should be fun!"^[15] In March 2010, Idol added Camp Freddy guitarist, Billy Morrison^[16] and drummer Jeremy Colson to his touring line-up.

Live band[link]

Billy Idol's current band consists of:

• Steve Stevens - lead guitar (1981–1986, 2001–present)
• Stephen McGrath - bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–present)
• Derek Sherinian - keyboards (2002–present)
• Billy Morrison - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2010–present)
• Jeremy Colson - drums, percussion (2010–present)

Former members[link]

• Gregg Gerson - drums, percussion (1981–1983)
• Steve Missal - drums, percussion (1981)
• Phil Feit - bass guitar (1981–1983)
• Thommy Price - drums, percussion (1983–1988)
• Steve Webster - bass guitar (1983–1985)
• Judi Dozier - keyboards (1982–1985)
• Kenny Aaronson - bass guitar (1986–1988)
• Phil Soussan - bass guitar (1988-1990)
• Mark Younger-Smith - lead guitar (1990–1996)
• Mark Schulman - drums, percussion (1993–2001)
• Brian Tichy - drums, percussion (2001–2009)
• Tal Bergman - drums, percussion (1990–1993)
• Danny Sadownik - drums, percussion (1993)
• Zane Fix - bass guitar (1980s)
• Jennifer Blakeman - keyboards (1993)
• Julie Greaux - keyboards (1993)

Discography[link]

• Don't Stop (EP) (1981)
• Billy Idol (1982)
• Rebel Yell (1983)
• Vital Idol (Compilation) (1985/1987)
• Whiplash Smile (1986)
• Idol Songs: 11 of the Best (1988)
• Charmed Life (1990)
• Cyberpunk (1993)
• Greatest Hits (2001)
• VH1 Storytellers (Live) (2002)
• Devil's Playground (2005)
• Happy Holidays (2006)
• The Very Best of Billy Idol: Idolize Yourself (2008)

List of Billy Idol awards and nominations[link]

Grammys[link]

MTV Video Music Awards[link]

The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV.

BRIT Awards[link]

The BRIT Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards.^[17]

See also[link]

	Book: Billy Idol
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Coral Castle, a stone structure where Idol got his inspiration for his song "Sweet Sixteen".
• Bromley Contingent

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Billy Idol

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Billy Idol

• Official website
• Billy Idol MySpace page
• Billy Idol at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview @ Legends
• Billy Idol at Rolling Stone

Herbert James
Born	30 November 1888 Ladywell, Birmingham
Died	15 August 1958 Kensington, London
Buried at	Kensal Green Cemetery, London
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1909-1930
Rank	Major
Unit	21st Lancers Worcestershire Regiment East Lancashire Regiment York and Lancaster Regiment
Battles/wars	World War I
Awards	Victoria Cross Military Cross Medal of La Solidaridad (Panama) Croix de Guerre (France)

Major Herbert James VC, MC (30 November 1888 – 15 August 1958) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

James was 26 years old and a second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, The Worcestershire Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 28 June 1915 in the southern zone of Gallipoli, when the advance of part of the regiment had been checked, Second-Lieutenant James, from a neighbouring unit, gathered together a body of men and led them forward under heavy fire. He then returned, organised a second party and again advanced, putting fresh life into the attack. On 3 July he headed a party of bomb throwers up a Turkish communication trench and when all his party had been killed or wounded, he remained alone, under murderous fire and kept back the enemy until a barrier had been built behind him and the trench secured.

He later achieved the rank of major. His medals are on display at the Maryborough Military and Colonial Museum in Maryborough, Queensland, Australia.^[1]

References[link]

• Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
• The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
• VCs of the First World War - Gallipoli (Stephen Snelling, 1995)

External links[link]

• Smethick Heritage Centre
• VC to be sold at auction
• VC sale
• Location of grave and VC medal (Kensal Green Cemetery)
• Herbert James on Find-A-Grave

Roger Donaldson (born 15 November 1945) is an Australian-born New Zealand film producer, director and writer who has made numerous successful movies. He was a co-founder of the New Zealand Film Commission.

Life and career[link]

Donaldson was born in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia and in 1965 emigrated to New Zealand to establish a small still photography business. He entered the film industry when he made the drama series Winners and Losers for New Zealand television, then directed and produced his first film Sleeping Dogs in 1977. As this was the first film to come out of New Zealand in nearly 15 years, he lobbied the New Zealand Government to found the New Zealand Film Commission in 1978. Donaldson's first films were made in close collaboration with his friend and leading man, actor and musician Bruno Lawrence, with whom Donaldson worked extensively in the 1970s, but the partnership and their long friendship effectively ended after Smash Palace.

Donaldson's first American break was when he was invited to helm David Lean's Mutiny on the Bounty adaptation after the esteemed director left the project, which was released as The Bounty and featured Mel Gibson, Anthony Hopkins and Laurence Olivier. He was nominated for a Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival for this film. Donaldson has been involved with many popular and successful movies, among them being the thriller No Way Out (starring Kevin Costner and Gene Hackman), Cocktail (starring Bryan Brown and Tom Cruise), Dante's Peak (starring Pierce Brosnan and Linda Hamilton), Thirteen Days (starring Kevin Costner and Steven Culp) and Species. In 2003, he directed Al Pacino and Colin Farrell in The Recruit.

His son Chris has represented New Zealand at Olympic level in athletics in the 100 m and 200 m events.^[1]

Filmography[link]

Director[link]

• Sleeping Dogs (1977)
• Nutcase (1980)
• Smash Palace (1981)
• The Bounty (1984)
• Marie (1985), also known as Marie: A True Story
• No Way Out (1987)
• Cocktail (1988)
• Cadillac Man (1990)
• White Sands (1992)
• The Getaway (1994)
• Species (1995)
• Dante's Peak (1997)
• Thirteen Days (2000), also known as Thirteen Days Which Shocked the World
• The Recruit (2003)
• The World's Fastest Indian (2005)
• The Bank Job (2008)
• Seeking Justice (2011)

Producer[link]

• Sleeping Dogs (1977)
• Smash Palace (1981)
• Cadillac Man (1990)
• Fearless (1999) (TV) (executive producer)
• The World's Fastest Indian (2005)

Writer[link]

• Smash Palace (1981)
• The World's Fastest Indian (2005)

Art director[link]

• Sleeping Dogs (1977)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Roger Donaldson at the Internet Movie Database