Look up Koch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Koch may refer to:

• Koch (boat), a type of Arctic boat
• Koch people (or Koche), an ethnic group originally from the ancient Koch kingdom in north east India
  • Koch language, a language spoken in India and Bangladesh
• Koch (surname), people with this surname
• Koch, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
• Koch, South Sudan, a village in Unity State, South Sudan
• Koch County, an administrative area in Unity State, South Sudan
• Koch Bihar, a princely state in north east India
• Koch dynasty, a dynasty in Assam and Bengal, north east India
• Koch method of learning Morse Code
• Koch snowflake or star, and Koch curve
• Koch's postulates, the criteria required to establish the etiology of an infectious disease
• Koch's bacillus, a bacterial species that causes tuberculosis

People

• Amy Koch (b. 1971), Majority Leader in the Minnesota Senate
• Aubrey Koch, pioneering Australian aviator
• Carl Ludwig Koch, a German entomologist and arachnologist
• Charles G. Koch, Chairman and CEO (Koch Industries)
  • Political activities of the Koch family, with brother David H. and late father Fred C.
• Christof Koch, an American neuroscientist
• David H. Koch, Executive Vice President (Koch Industries), son of Fred C.
• Ed Koch, an American lawyer, politician (three term mayor of New York), and political commentator
• Erland von Koch, Swedish composer
• Fred C. Koch (1900 – 1967), American chemical engineer and entrepreneur (Koch Industries)
  • Bill Koch (businessman), sailor; son of Fred C.
  • Frederick R. Koch, collector and philanthropist, son of Fred C.
• Helge von Koch, a Swedish mathematician, namesake of the Koch snowflake
• Julius Ludwig August Koch, German psychiatrist
• Karl Koch, a German botanist
• Ludwig Carl Christian Koch, a German entomologist specializing in arachnology, son of Carl Ludwig Koch
• Robert Koch, a German physician and winner of the Nobel prize
• Roland Koch, a German politician
• Theodor Koch, a founder of Heckler & Koch
• Thomaz Koch, a left-handed Brazilian tennis player
• Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch, a German physician and botanist

Businesses

• Heckler & Koch, maker of firearms
• Koch Entertainment LP, now known as E1 Entertainment
• Koch Industries Petroleum, chemicals, energy, and commodities trading
• Koch Media, a media distribution company from Germany
• Koch Records, now known as E1 Music

See also[link]

• Kotch, a 1971 film starring Walter Matthau

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2007)

Ed Koch
Koch at the commissioning of USS Lake Champlain in New York City, August 12, 1988
105th Mayor of New York City[1]
In office January 1, 1978 – December 31, 1989
Preceded by	Abraham D. Beame
Succeeded by	David N. Dinkins
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 18th district
In office January 3, 1973 – December 31, 1977
Preceded by	Charles B. Rangel
Succeeded by	S. William Green
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 17th district
In office January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1973
Preceded by	Theodore R. Kupferman
Succeeded by	John M. Murphy
Personal details
Born	Edward Irving Koch (1924-12-12) December 12, 1924 (age 87) The Bronx, New York City
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	New York University School of Law
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1943–1946
Rank	Sergeant
Unit	104th Infantry Division
Battles/wars	World War II Battle of Hurtgen Forest Battle of the Bulge
Awards	European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal National Defense Service Medal Combat Infantryman Badge

Edward Irving "Ed" Koch ( /ˈkɒtʃ/; born December 12, 1924) is an American lawyer, politician, and political commentator. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1969 to 1977 and three terms as mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989. He also became known as a "judge" on the television judge show The People's Court from 1997 to 1999.

Early life[link]

Koch was born in The Bronx, New York City,^[2] to a Conservative Jewish family residing in Newark, New Jersey, where his father worked at a theater. As a child he worked as a hatcheck boy in a Newark dance hall.^[3] He graduated from South Side High School in Newark in 1941.^[4] He was drafted^[5] into the United States Army in 1943 where he served as an infantryman with the 104th Infantry Division, landing in Cherbourg, France in September 1944. He earned two Battle Stars as a Combat Infantryman. He was honorably discharged with the rank of Sergeant in 1946.^[2] Koch returned to New York City to attend City College of New York and New York University School of Law and received his law degree in 1948.

U.S. Congressman[link]

Koch was the Democratic US Representative from New York's 17th congressional district from January 3, 1969 until January 3, 1973, when after a redistricting he represented New York's 18th congressional district until December 31, 1977, when he resigned to become Mayor of New York City.

Koch has said he began his political career as "just a plain liberal," with positions including opposing the Vietnam War and marching in the South for civil rights.^[6] He has traced the beginning of his rightward shift towards being a "liberal with sanity" to the controversy in 1973 around then-New York City Mayor John Lindsay's attempt to place a 3,000-person housing project in the middle of a middle-class community in Forest Hills, Queens. Congressman Koch met with residents of the community, most of whom were against the proposal. He was convinced by their arguments, and spoke out against the plan; this decision, he has said, shocked many of his political associates.^[7]

Koch was active in advocating for a greater US role in advancing human rights, within the context of fighting the worldwide threat of communism. He had particular influence in the foreign aid budget, as he sat on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations. In 1976, Koch proposed that the US cut off foreign aid to the right-wing government of Uruguay. In mid-July 1976, the CIA learned that two high-level Uruguayan intelligence officers had discussed a possible assassination attempt on Koch by DINA, the Chilean secret police. The CIA did not regard these threats as credible until after the September, 1976 assassination of Orlando Letelier in Washington, DC by DINA agents coordinated by Operation Condor. After this assassination, then-Director of Central Intelligence George Bush informed Koch by phone of the threat. Koch subsequently asked both CIA and FBI for protection, but none was extended.^[8]

Mayor of New York City[link]

1977 election and first term[link]

Koch meets President Jimmy Carter for the first time as the Mayor of New York, along with his long-time ally and the former opponent in the mayoral bid, Congresswoman Bella Abzug (February 1978)

In 1977, Koch ran in the Democratic primary of the New York City mayoral election against incumbent Abe Beame, Bella Abzug and Mario Cuomo, among others. Koch ran to the right of the other candidates, on a "law and order" platform. According to historian Jonathan Mahler, the blackout that happened in July of that year, and the subsequent rioting, helped catapult Koch and his message of restoring public safety to front-runner status.^[9]

1981 election and second term; run for Governor[link]

In 1981 he ran for re-election as mayor, running on both the Democratic and Republican Party lines; in November he won, defeating his main opponent, Unity Party candidate Frank J. Barbaro, with 75% of the vote.

In 1982, Koch ran unsuccessfully for Governor of New York, losing the Democratic primary to Cuomo, who was then lieutenant governor. Many say the deciding factor in Koch's loss was an interview with Playboy magazine in which he described the lifestyle of both suburbia and upstate New York as "sterile" and lamented the thought of having to live in "the small town" of Albany as Governor. Koch's remarks are thought to have alienated many voters from outside New York City.

Koch often deviated from the conventional liberal line, strongly supporting the death penalty and taking a hard line on "quality of life" issues, such as giving police broader powers in dealing with the homeless and favoring (and signing) legislation banning the playing of radios on subways and buses. These positions prompted harsh criticism of him from the local chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union and many African-American leaders, particularly the Reverend Al Sharpton.

In 1984 Koch published his first memoir, Mayor, which became a best-seller. In 1985 the book was turned into an Off Broadway musical, Mayor, that ran for around 250 performances.

1985 election and third term[link]

In 1985, Koch again ran for re-election, this time on the Democratic and Independent tickets; he defeated Liberal Party candidate Carol Bellamy and Republican candidate Diane McGrath with 78% of the vote.

In 1986, Mayor Koch signed a lesbian and gay rights ordinance for the city after the City Council passed the measure (on March 20), following several failed attempts by that body to approve such legislation. Despite his overall pro-lesbian and pro-gay-rights stance, he nonetheless backed up the New York City Health Department's decision to shut down the city's gay bathhouses in 1985 in response to concerns over the spread of AIDS. The enactment of the measure the following year placed the city in a dilemma, as it apparently meant that the bathhouses would have to be re-opened because many heterosexual "sex clubs" – most notably Plato's Retreat – were in operation in the city at the time, and allowing them to remain open while keeping the bathhouses shuttered would have been a violation of the newly-adopted anti-discrimination law. The Health Department, with Koch's approval, reacted by ordering the heterosexual clubs, including Plato's Retreat, to close as well.

Koch consistently demonstrated a fierce love for New York City, which some observers felt he carried to extremes on occasion: In 1984 he had gone on record as opposing the creation of a second telephone area code for the city, claiming that this would divide the city's population; and when the National Football League's New York Giants won Super Bowl XXI in January 1987, he refused to grant a permit for the team to hold their traditional victory parade in the city, quipping famously, "If they want a parade, let them parade in front of the oil drums in Moonachie" (the latter being a town in New Jersey adjacent to East Rutherford, site of the Meadowlands Sports Complex, where the Giants play their home games).

In his third term, Koch's popularity was shaken after a series of corruption scandals, touched off by the Donald Manes suicide and the PVB scandal, which revealed that he had acceded to the requests of corrupt political allies, most notably Queens Borough President Manes, Bronx Democratic party official Stanley Friedman, and Brooklyn Democratic boss Meade Esposito, to stack city agencies with patronage appointments. These patronage appointments, such as Department of Transportation Commissioner Tony Ameruso and Parking Violations Bureau official Geoffrey Lindenauer, had subsequently engaged in many varieties of graft, extortion and bribery. Another high-profile Koch official and ally, Cultural Affairs commissioner Bess Myerson, was accused and eventually indicted for improperly conspiring with a judge in order to fix a divorce case in favor of Myerson's mob-linked lover. Though there were no allegations that Koch obtained any financial benefit from the corruption, the wave of scandals undermined Koch's prior claims that he would run a patronage-free city government.^[10]

Shortly afterward Koch suffered a stroke in 1987 while in office, but was able to continue with his duties.

Koch became a controversial figure in the 1988 presidential campaign with his very public criticism of Democratic candidate Jesse Jackson, who had surprised many political observers by winning key primaries in March and running even with the front runner, Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. As the April New York primary approached, Koch reminded voters of Jackson’s alleged antisemitism and said that Jews would be "crazy" to vote for Jackson. Koch endorsed Tennessee Senator Al Gore, who had run well in his native south, but hadn't won 20% in a northern state. As Koch's anti Jackson rhetoric intensified, Gore seemed to shy away from Koch. On primary day, Gore finished a weak third place with 10% of the vote and dropped out of the race. Jackson ran ten points behind Dukakis, whose nomination became assured after his NY win.

In 1989, he ran for a fourth term as Mayor but lost the Democratic primary to David Dinkins, who went on to defeat Rudy Giuliani in the general election. Koch's anti-Jackson campaign in 1988 had angered many black voters, likely playing a major role in Koch's defeat and the victory of Dinkins.

Post-mayoralty years[link]

In the years following his mayoralty, Koch became a partner in the law firm of Robinson, Silverman, Pearce, Aronsohn, and Berman LLP, (now Bryan Cave LLP) and became a commentator on politics, as well reviewing movies and restaurants, for newspapers, radio and television. He also became an adjunct professor at New York University (NYU) and was the judge on The People's Court for two years, following the retirement of Judge Joseph Wapner. In 1999, he was a visiting professor at Brandeis University. Koch regularly appears on the lecture circuit, and had a highly rated local talk show on WABC radio. He also hosts his own movie review video show on the web called The Mayor at the Movies.^[11]

Koch and Colin Powell lead the US delegation for the 2004 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Conference on Anti-Semitism, held in Berlin, Germany (April 28, 2004)

In 2004, together with his sister Pat Koch Thaler, Koch wrote a children's book, Eddie, Harold's Little Brother; the book told the story of Koch's own childhood, when he tried unsuccessfully to emulate his older brother Harold's baseball talents, before realizing that he should instead focus on what he was already good at, which was telling stories and speaking in public.

In April 2008, Koch announced that he had secured a burial plot in Manhattan's non-denominational Trinity Cemetery, the only active graveyard in Manhattan accepting new burials, stating "I don't want to leave Manhattan, even when I'm gone ... This is my home. The thought of having to go to New Jersey was so distressing to me." For the inscription on his memorial stone, Koch has requested that the marker will bear the Star of David and the words from the Hebrew prayer Shema Yisrael, "Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One." It also will be inscribed with the last words of journalist Daniel Pearl before he was murdered by terrorists in 2002: "My father is Jewish. My mother is Jewish. I am Jewish."^[12] Koch explained that he had been moved that Pearl chose to affirm his faith and heritage in his last moments.

On March 23, 2011, the New York City Council voted to rename the Queensboro Bridge to the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge in honor of the former mayor.^[13]

Mayor at the Movies[link]

In the summer of 2009, Koch began appearing in weekly movie review segments for a web video show called Mayor at the Movies.^[14] The former mayor is an avid moviegoer who often sees two or three movies every weekend. Although he gets invited to private screenings, he actually prefers to see films with a public audience and is often approached by stunned moviegoers who are surprised to find him there. His reviews are regularly outspoken and wry, with his rating system consisting not of stars but of a "plus" (for a good film) or a "minus" for a bad one. He has a particular passion for independent cinema as well as documentaries, although he enjoys dramas and action films as well. In addition to being showcased on Mayor at the Movies,^[14] his film reviews are regularly featured on The Huffington Post^[15] and also in the New York newspaper The Villager.^[16] In addition to reviewing movies, the Mayor has appeared in more than 60 Hollywood films and television shows as himself, including Sex and the City, Spin City, Saturday Night Live, and The Muppets Take Manhattan.^[17]

Political endorsements[link]

Since leaving office, Koch has frequently endorsed prominent Republican candidates, including Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg for Mayor, Al D'Amato for U.S. Senate, Peter T. King for U.S. House, George Pataki for Governor, and, in 2004, George W. Bush for President of the United States. Koch has also endorsed Democrats, including Eliot Spitzer for governor in the 2006 election. He endorsed Bill Bradley for President in 2000.

Koch took back his endorsement of Spitzer in the aftermath of the governor's prostitution scandal. He has said, "At the time the prostitution episode emerged, I commented that nothing could explain his behavior other than the fact that he had a screw loose in his head. Probably several."^[18]

Though Koch supported Giuliani's first mayoral bid, he became opposed to him in January 1996, and began writing a series of columns in the New York Daily News criticizing Giuliani, most frequently accusing him of being authoritarian and insensitive. In 1999, the columns were compiled into the book Giuliani: Nasty Man. He resumed his attacks, and had the book re-published, in 2007, after Giuliani announced his candidacy for President. In May 2007, Koch called Giuliani "a control freak" and said that he "wouldn't meet with people he didn't agree with... That's pretty crazy." He also said that Giuliani "was imbued with the thought that if he was right, it was like a God-given right. That's not what we need in a president."^[19]

Koch originally endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for President during the 2008 presidential campaign,^[20] then endorsed Democratic nominee Barack Obama in the general election. In his endorsement of Obama, Koch wrote that he felt that (unlike in 2004) both sets of candidates would do their best to protect both the United States and Israel from terrorist attacks, but that he agreed with much more of Obama's domestic policies, and that the concept of Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin ascending to the presidency "would scare me".^[21] In 2010 he rescinded his support for Obama, stating a belief that Obama could very well harm American-Israeli relations.^[22]

In 2011, Koch, a life-long Democrat, endorsed Republican Bob Turner for Congress, because Koch "wanted to send a message to Obama to take a stronger position in support of Israel."^[23] Many Jewish voters joined Koch to elect the Roman-Catholic Turner, rather than his Jewish Democrat opponent David Weprin, giving Republicans their first win in the NY-9th Congressional seat since the 1920s.^[24]

Other political statements[link]

Koch has often written in defense of Israel and, also, against anti-Semitism. He is a contributor to Newsmax, a conservative magazine.^[25] He also appeared in the documentary FahrenHYPE 9/11 defending President Bush and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and blasting Michael Moore. Koch was quoted in the film saying of Moore's film, Fahrenheit 9/11, "It's not a documentary, it's a lie."

Koch has praised current New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and current New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. He has said that both have the right approach in reducing government spending and refraining from raising taxes.^[26]

Koch was an early supporter of the Iraq War. In July 2007, Koch wrote that he was "bailing out" of his previous support for that war, due to the failure of the United States' NATO allies, and other Arab countries, to contribute to the war effort. Koch wrote, "I would support our troops remaining in Iraq if our allies were to join us. But they have made it clear they will not." He added that the US must still "prepare for the battles that will take place on American soil by the Islamic forces of terror who are engaged in a war that will be waged by them against Western civilization for at least the next 30 years."^[27]

Personal life[link]

Koch is a lifelong bachelor, and his sexuality became an issue in the 1977 mayoral election with the appearance of placards and posters (disavowed by the Cuomo campaign) with the slogan "Vote for Cuomo, Not the Homo." Koch denounced the attack. During the campaign and after becoming mayor, Koch began attending public events with former Miss America, well-known television game show panelist and consumer advocate Bess Myerson.^[28]

Koch has refused comment on his actual sexual experiences, writing:

What do I care? I'm 73 years old. I find it fascinating that people are interested in my sex life at age 73. It's rather complimentary! But as I say in my book, my answer to questions on this subject is simply Fuck off. There have to be some private matters left.^[29]

Randy Shilts, in And the Band Played On, his influential history of the early AIDS epidemic in America, discusses the possibility that Koch ignored the developing epidemic in New York City in 1982–1983 because he was afraid of lending credence to rumors of his homosexuality. Author and activist Larry Kramer describes the former mayor as a "closeted gay man" whose fear of being 'outed' kept him from aggressively addressing the AIDS epidemic in New York City in the early 1980s.^[30] Kramer lampooned Koch's sexuality and perceived indifference to the plight of AIDS victims in The Normal Heart, in which the protagonist, an AIDS activist, laments that the only way to get the mayor's attention is to "hire a hunky hustler and send him up to Gracie Mansion with our plea tattooed on his cock." John Cameron Mitchell's movie Shortbus features a gay Koch-like older gentleman lamenting his poor choices while mayor of New York City. In the 2009 Kirby Dick documentary Outrage, investigative journalist Wayne Barrett of The Village Voice states that Koch is gay.^[31]

Works[link]

• Koch, Edward I. (1980). The Mandate Millstone. US Conference of Mayors. ISBN B00072XPA8
• Koch, Edward I. (1981). How'm I doing? The Wit and Wisdom of Ed Koch. Lion Books. ISBN 0-87460-362-5
• Koch, Edward I.; Rauch, William (1984). Mayor. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-49536-4
• Koch, Edward I. & Rauch, William (1989). Politics. Horizon Book Promotions. ISBN 0-671-53296-0
• Koch, Edward I. & O'Connor, John Cardinal (1989). His Eminence and Hizzoner: A Candid Exchange : Mayor Edward Koch and John Cardinal O'Connor. William Morrow & Company. ISBN 0-688-07928-8
• Koch, Edward I. & Jones, Leland T. (1990) All The Best: Letters from a Feisty Mayor Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-69365-4
• Koch, Edward I. & Paisner, Daniel. (1992). Citizen Koch: An Autobiography St Martins Printing. ISBN 0-312-08161-8
• Koch, Edward I. (1994). Ed Koch on Everything: Movies, Politics, Personalities, Food, and Other Stuff. Carol Publishing. ISBN 1-55972-225-8
• Koch, Edward I. & Resnicow, Herbert (1995). Murder At City Hall. Kensington Publishing. ISBN 0-8217-5087-9
• Koch, Edward I. & Staub, Wendy Corsi (1996). Murder On Broadway. Kensington Publishing. ISBN 1-57566-186-1
• Koch, Edward I.; Staub, Wendy Corsi & Resnicow, Herbert (1997). Murder on 34th Street Kensington Publishing. ISBN 1-57566-232-9
• Koch, Edward I. & Staub, Wendy Corsi (1998). The Senator Must Die. Kensington Publishing. ISBN 1-57566-325-2
• Koch, Edward I. (1999). Giuliani: Nasty Man. Barricade Books. ISBN 1-56980-155-X. Republished, 2007
• Koch, Edward I. & Graham, Stephen P. (1999). New York: A State of Mind. Towery Publishing. ISBN 1-881096-76-9
• Koch, Edward I. & Paisner, Daniel (2000). I'm Not Done Yet!: Keeping at It, Remaining Relevant, and Having the Time of My Life. William Morrow & Company. ISBN 0-688-17075-7
• Koch, Edward I. & Koch Thaler, Pat (2004). Eddie, Harold’s Little Brother. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-399-24210-4
• Koch, Edward I. & Heady, Christy (2007). Buzz: How to Create It and Win With It. AMACOM/American Management Association. ISBN 0-8144-7462-4

See also[link]

• List of mayors of New York City

References[link]

Notes

Further reading

• Newfield, Jack & Barrett, Wayne. City For Sale: Ed Koch and the Betrayal of New York, London: HarperCollins, 1989. ISBN 0-06-091662-1
• Goodwin, Michael, ed. New York Comes Back: The Mayoralty of Edward I. Koch, powerHouse Books, 2005. ISBN 1-57687-274-2
• Soffer, Jonathan. Ed Koch and the Rebuilding of New York City (Columbia University Press; 2010) 494 pages

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ed Koch

• Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Edward Koch from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
• Edward I. Koch's page on NewsMax.com
• Podcasts of Ed Koch commentaries at Bloomberg.com
• Ed Koch on Twitter
• Edward I. Koch Collection of La Guardia and Wagner Archives – Koch's mayoral records as well as personal papers and photographs
• Ed Koch at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• A film clip "The Open Mind - A Winter's Tale - and More (1988)" is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
• Edward I. Koch at the Internet Movie Database
• Ed Koch Threatened with Assassination in 1976
• Notable New Yorkers – Edward I. Koch Biography, photographs, and interviews of Ed Koch from the Notable New Yorkers collection of the Oral History Research Office at Columbia University.
• The Trust Is Gone Koch is critical of current administration's dealings with Israel.
• Interview with Ed Koch: On the 1988 Tompkins Square Park Riots
• Leon Charney interviews Ed Koch on The Leon Charney Report

v t e Mayors of the City of New York since the 1898 Consolidation Van Wyck Low McClellan Gaynor Kline Mitchel Hylan Walker McKee O'Brien La Guardia O'Dwyer Impellitteri Wagner Lindsay Beame Koch Dinkins Giuliani Bloomberg

Greg Koch (born June 14, 1955 in Bethesda, Maryland) is a former American football tackle and guard who played eleven seasons in the National Football League, mainly with the Green Bay Packers. In 2010, Koch was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.^[1] Koch was also inducted into the University of Arkansas Sports Hall of Honor. He is a licensed attorney and a part time radio personality on SportsTalk 790 KBME in Houston, Texas

College career[link]

Koch was a four year letterman at the University of Arkansas. He was a starter for the Arkansas Razorbacks were he was part of the offensive line that blocked for the school record 3,523 rushing yards in 1975. That same season Koch was a First-team All-SWC. Koch played in the All-America Bowl in Tampa, Flida after the 1976 season. Koch was named the Razorback 1970s All-Decade team with offensive linemen R. C. Thielemann, Leotis Harris George Stewart and Greg Kolenda. No one is quite sure whether the urban legend that Koch and Thielemann rode with outlaw motorcycle clubs during the summer while attending Arkansas is in fact true. The two did however, own and operate a tattoo parlor long before it became fashionable.

Professional career[link]

Green Bay Packers[link]

A second-round draft choice in 1977 from the University of Arkansas, Koch played nine seasons (1977–85) in Green Bay, appearing in 133 games. A fixture at right tackle almost immediately upon his arrival, he was a Second-team All-Pro selection following the 1982 season and was part of one of the greatest offenses in club history when the Packers amassed 6,172 yards in 1983, the second-best output ever in club annals.

Miami Dolphins[link]

Koch played his final two seasons with Miami in 1986 and the 1st game of 1987 at his customary right tackle spot. Rumor has it, while he was with the Dolphins, Koch lost an epic drinking battle with Andre the Giant. Some reports have the match lasting upwards of 15 hours. After the strike in 1987, his former Packer offensive coordinator Bob Schnelker traded two draft choices for him in Minnesota..

Minnesota Vikings[link]

He played right guard for the Vikings in 1987 where the made it to the NFC Championship game, eventually losing to the Washington Redskins. Despite being wanted back by the Vikings in 1988, he then went to law school and has been a practicing attorney and part-time radio host in Houston Texas since 1992. He was also known in Minnesota for his avid gardening skills and prolific poetry.

References[link]

This biographical article relating to an American football offensive lineman born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Christof Koch
Christof Koch, 2008
Born	(1956-11-13) November 13, 1956 (age 55) Kansas City, Missouri
Nationality	American
Fields	Biophysics
Alma mater	University of Tübingen Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
Doctoral advisor	Valentin Braitenberg Tomaso Poggio
Doctoral students	Laurent Itti, Virgil Griffith
Website
http://www.klab.caltech.edu/~koch/

Christof Koch (born November 13, 1956, Kansas City) is an American neuroscientist working on the neural basis of consciousness. He is the Lois and Victor Troendle Professor of Cognitive and Behavioral Biology at California Institute of Technology, where he has been since 1986.

He is the son of German parents; his father was and his older brother Michael is a diplomat. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and attended a Jesuit high school in Morocco. He received a PhD in nonlinear information processing from the Max Planck Institute in Tübingen, Germany in 1982. He then worked for four years at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. In 1986, he joined the newly started Computation and Neural Systems PhD program at Caltech.

He has been active since the early 1990s in the promotion of consciousness as a scientifically tractable problem, and has been particularly influential in arguing that consciousness can now be approached using the modern tools of neurobiology. His primary collaborator in the endeavour of locating the neural correlates of consciousness was the late Francis Crick.

Together with James Bower, he founded in 1988 the Methods in Computational Neuroscience summer course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, which remains ongoing. In 1993, he founded, together with Rodney Douglas and Terrence Sejnowski, the Neuromorphic Engineering Summer School in Telluride, Colorado, which remains ongoing. Koch was the executive officer of the Computation and Neural Systems program at Caltech from 2000 to 2005.

In early 2011^[1], Christof Koch became the Chief Scientific Officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, leading their high through-put, large scale ten year, cortical coding project. The mission of MindScope is to understand the computations that lead from photons to behavior by observing and modeling the physical transformations of signals in the visual brain of behaving mice for one perception-action cycle (0.1 - 2 sec). The project seeks to catalogue all the building blocks (ca. 100 distinct cell types) of the then visual cortical regions and associated structures (thalamus, colliculus) and their dynamics. The scientists seek to know what the animal sees, how it thinks, and how it decides. They seek to map out the murine mind in a quantitative manner. ^[2]

The first four year of this endeavor to build a number of brain observatories was funded by a generous donation of $300 million^[3] by the Microsoft Founder and Philanthropist Paul G. Allen.

Miscellaneous Trivia[link]

• After his dog died he became a vegetarian, and has expressed sympathy for animal rights due to the neurological similarities between human and non-human animals.^[4]
• He has an apple logo tattooed on his right deltoid and a drawing from Ramon y Cajal of a cortical microcircuit tattooed on his left deltoid.
• He has an Erdős number of three.^[5]
• He is allergic to strawberries.

Publications[link]

• Biophysics of Computation: Information Processing in Single Neurons, Oxford Press, (1999), ISBN 0-19-518199-9
• The Quest for Consciousness: a Neurobiological Approach, Roberts and Co., (2004), ISBN 0-9747077-0-8
• Consciousness: Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist, The MIT Press, (2012), ISBN 978-0-262-01749-7

References[link]

1. ^ http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110329/full/news.2011.190.html
2. ^ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v483/n7390/full/483397a.html
3. ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2012/03/21/billionaire-paul-g-allen-donates-300-million-in-brain-research-to-understand-what-makes-us-human/2/
4. ^ Miscellaneous Things, accessed 21 March 2009
5. ^ Miscellaneous Things, accessed 21 March 2009

External links[link]

• Homepage of Christof Koch
• Homepage of Koch's laboratory
• Online lecture videos from an undergraduate course taught by Christof Koch at Caltech in 2003 on the neurobiological basis of consciousness.
• Neural Correlates of Consciousness, Scholarpedia article by Christof Koch
• Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
• Interview with historian Harry Kreissler at UC Berkeley, 2006
• Interview on the Brain Science Podcast, 2007
• Interview on the Brain Science Podcast, 20011
• Interview with Christof Koch on the neuroscience of reading and the "movie" in your "mind"
• A short edgy YouTube movie about Confessions of a Romantic Reductionist
• Christof Koch's Book Blog

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Sandra Dee Robinson (Sandra Ferguson) (born March 23, 1967) is an American actress and founder of the media training and consulting firm Charisma On Camera. As an actress she was first credited as Sandra Reinhardt while married to her first husband, John Reinhardt. When they divorced, she changed her name back to Ferguson. When she married her second husband, stuntman Allen Robinson, she took his last name professionally and is now credited as Sandra Dee Robinson.

Sandra Ferguson was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She was named Miss Pennsylvania USA in 1985. A few years later she began to work in daytime drama. Her most notable soap opera credit was her portrayal of Amanda Cory on Another World from 1987 to 1993. After two other actresses (Christine Tucci and Laura Moss) played the role, Ferguson returned in 1998 and stayed with the show until it ended in 1999.

In 1997, she replaced Katherine Kelly Lang and played Brooke Logan temporarily on The Bold and the Beautiful when Lang went on maternity leave. Several months later she played jewel thief Jade Sheridan on Sunset Beach. In 2005, Ferguson temporarily joined the cast of General Hospital as a recast Felicia Scorpio-Jones on a recurring basis. She has been cast as Dr. Charlotte Taylor on NBC's Days of our Lives. Her first airdate was December 1, 2008.^[1]

Her projects away from daytime include episodes of the series Renegade and Silk Stalkings as well as an episode of the series Hot Line. Sandra has appeared in prime time shows such as Two and a Half Men, CSI, among others. She is currently working on the web series, The Bay (the series).

Off camera she is an equestrian and an avid wildlife enthusiast, rehabilitator and conservationist. Sandra co-hosts two internet radio programs which highlight the work of acclaimed biologists and conservationists. One program, "Bears on the Air" co-hosted by celebrity zoo keeper emeritus (nom de plum), Jordan Schaul draws awareness to the plight of the 8 living species of bears.^[2] Sandra and her co-host also produce Zoo(logy) Talkin' Radio which promotes the conservation efforts of captive wildlife facilities and other organizations, including the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center, a facility for which she serves as a celebrity spokesperson for. Sandra was impressed by their commitment to preserving North American wildlife and their high standards for animal care and welfare.^[3] Most recently, her program "Bears on the Air" featured marine conservationist, author, and illustrator, Richard Ellis.

Sandra hosts her own internet radio show, "Charisma Unleashed," is a frequent blogger on her own website and has been a guest contributing author on numerous professional development sites.^[4] Along with speaking engagements she is the founder and owner of the media training and consulting firm Charisma On Camera. In 2010 Sandra provided Soap Opera Source with an exclusive interview about her new business ventures.

Filmography[link]

Soap opera roles-

• Days of our Lives as Dr. Charlotte Taylor (2008–2009)
• General Hospital as Felicia Scorpio-Jones (#2) (2005) (recurring role)
• Sunset Beach as Jade Sheridan (1997–1998) (recurring role)
• The Bold and the Beautiful as Brooke Logan (1997) (temporary replacement)
• Another World as Amanda Cory #3 (1987–1993, 1998–1999)

Movie roles-

• Falcon Down as Barbara Edwards (2000)
• A Bold Affair as Emily (1998)
• Illegal In Blue as Joanne (1995)

Guest starring roles-

• Two and a Half Men as Georgia (2008)
• Zoey 101 as Mrs. Brooks (2008)
• Criminal Minds as Michelle Colucci (2007)
• CSI: Miami as Patrice Boland (2005)
• LA Heat Det. Nicole Stockman (1999; 3 Episodes)
• High Tide as Cathy (1996; 2 episodes)
• Renegade Sandy Carruthers (1996–1997; Recurring)
• Baywatch Nights as Stormy Walters (1995)
• Silk Stalkings as Jennifer McNiel (1995; 1996)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sandra Ferguson profile from GH Online
• Sandra Dee Robinson at the Internet Movie Database
• Amanda Cory profile
• Radio Program w/ J. Schaul
• Radio Program w/ J. Schaul